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7 “OR GENERALL \x 
i Hiftorie of 


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Mice tderet ne De deuini muneris Authors 
ee ee quetibet herba Deum . 


Plantes. 


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PRYVDENTIA, VIR TV. BE; 


ARTE, RERVMQVE VSV SPECTATISSIMIS, 
DIGNISSIMIS 


RICHARDO EDWARDS 
RECTORI, SIVE MAGISTRO; 


EDWARDO COOKE, LEONARDO 


STONE-GVARDIANIS, 


CATERISQVE CLARISS. SOCIET. 


PHARMACEVT. LOND. SOCIIS, 


HOSSVOSIN EMA. 


CVLANDO, AVGENDOQVE 
HAN*C PLANTARVM 
; HISTORIAM, 


LABORES,STVDIORVM BOTANICORVM 
SPECIMEN, AMORIS SYMBOLVM, 
EX ANIMO 


Agia, 
VESTRA, PVBLICHQVE VTILL 


TATIS STVDIOSISSIMVS 


Tuom. Iounsown. 


ae 


TO THERIGHT HONORABLE 
HIS SINGVLAR. GOOD LORD AND 
MASTER, SIR Wuititam Crcit KNIGHT, BARON OB 
Burghley, Mafter of che Court of Wards and Liueries, Chancellor of the 
{2 Vniuerfitie of Cambridge, Knight of the moft noble Order of the Garter, 

one of the Lords of her Maiefties moft honorable Priuy Coun- 
cell, and Lord high Treafurer of Bagland, 


I? 


}Mong the manifold creatures of God (right Honora~ 
ble, and my fingular good Lord) that haue all in all 
ages diuerfly entertained many excellent wits, and 
| drawne them to the contemplation of the diuine wif- 
dome, none haue prouoked mens {tudies more,or {a- 
tisfied their defires fo much as Plants haue done, and 
that vpon tuft and worthy caufes : For ifdelight may 
prouoke mens labor,what greater delight is there than 
to behold the earth apparelled with plants,as with a 
robe of embroidered worke, fet with Orient pearles, 
and garnifhed with great diuerfitie of rare and coftly iewels? [f this varietie and 
petfection of colours may affeét the eye, it is fuch inherbs and foures, that no 4= 
pelles, no Zeuxis euer could by any art expreffe the like ;if odours or iftafte may 
worke fatisfaction, ghey are both fo foueraigne in plants,and fo comfortable,that 
no confe@ion of theexpothecariés can equall their excellent vertue. But thefe 
delights are in the outward fences: the principall delightis in the minde, fingu~ 
larly enriched with the knéiytedge of thefe vifible things, fetting forth to vs the 
inuifible wifedome and adauirable workmanfhip of almighty God. The delight 
is great, but the vfe greater, and ioyried often withneceffity. In the firft ages of 
the world they were the ordinarie meate of men, and haue continued euer fince 
of neceflarie vie both for meates to maintaine life, and tor medicine to recouer 
health, ‘The hidden vertue of themis fuch, that (as Pliny noteth) the very bruite 
beaft's haue found it out: and(which is another yfe that he obferues from thence 
the Dyars tooke the beginning of their Art. 

Forchermore,the neceflary vic of thefe fruits of the earch doth plainly appeare 
by the great charge and care of almoft all men in planting and maintaining of gar- 
dens, not as ornaments onely, but as a neceflarie prouifion alfo to their houfes. 
And here befide the fruit, to fpeake againe ina word of delight,gardens,efpecial- 
ly fuch as your Honor hath, furmfhed with many rare Simples, do fingularly de- 
light, when in thema man doth behold a flourifhing fhew of Sommer beauties 
in the midft of Winters farce, anda goodly {pring of floures, when abroad a leafe 
is notto be feene, Befides thefe and other caufes, there are many examples of 
thofe that haue honored this {cience : for to paffe by a multitude of the Philofo~ 
phers, it may pleafe yotir Honorto eall to remembrance that which you know of 
fome noble Princes, that haue ioyned this {tudy with their moft important mat 
q 4 ters 


PIi.1i.8. ca.27, 
Ibid li2z.0,25 


Plut. de Difer. 
adul & amie. 
Plin.lib.25. 
Gap.2, 


ters of ftate : Mithridates the great was famous for his knowledge herein, as Ply- 
tarchnoteth. Evax alfo King of Arabia,the happy garden of the world for princi- 
pall Simples, wrot of this argument, as Pliny fheweth, Diocletian likewife,might 
have had his praife,had he not drowned all his honour in the bloud of his perfe= 
cution, To conclude this point, the example of Soloman is before the reft, and 
greater, Whofe wifedome and knowledge was fuch, that hee was able to fet out 
the nature ofall plants from the higheft Cedar to the loweft Mofle. But my very 
good Lord, that which fometime was the ftudy of great Philofophersand migh- 
tie Princes, isnow neglected, except it be of fome few, whofe {pirit and wifdome 
hath carried thers among other parts of wifedome and counfell, toa care and ftu- 
die of fpeciall herbes,both for the furnifhing of their gardens, and furtherance of 
their knowledge: among whom may iultly affirme and publith your Honor to 
be one,being my felfe one of your feruants,and a long time witnefle thereof : for 
vnder your Lordthip [ haue ferued, and that way employed my principall ftudy 
and almoft all my time, now by the {pace of twenty yeares. To the large and fin- 
gular furniture of this noble Ifland Ihaue added from forreine placesall the va. 
rietie of herbes and floures that I might any way obtaine, I haue laboured with 
the foileto make it fit for plants , and with the plants, that they might delight in 
the foile, that fo they might liue and profper vnder our clymat, as in their natiue 
and proper countrey : what my fucceffe hath beene,and what my furniture is, I 
Ieaue to the report of them that haue {eene your Lordfhips gardens, and the lit 
tle plot of myne owne efpeciall care andhusbandry, But becaufe gardens are 
privat, and many times finding an ignorant or a negligent {ucceflor,come foone 
to ruine, there be thathaue follicited me, firft by my pen, and after by the Prefsé 
to make my Labors common, and to freethem from the danger whereuntoa gar- 
den is fubieét: wherein when! wasouercome,and had brought this Hiltory or 
report of the nature of Plants to aiuft volume, and had made it (asthe Reader 
may by comparifon fee) richer than former Herbals, I found it no gueltion vnto 
whom I might dedicate my Labors;for confidering your good Lordfhip,! found 
none of whofe fauor and goodnelse I might fooner prefunieffeeing I haue found 
you cuer my very good Lord and Mafter. Again, confidering my duty and your 
Honors merits, to whom may I better recommend. my Labors, than to him vato 
whom I owe my felfe, and all chat | am ablein any feruice or deuotion toper- 
forme? Therefore vnder hope of your Honorable and accuftomed fauor I pre- 
fent this Herball to your Lordfhips protection ; and not as an exquifite Worke 
(for I know my meannefle) but as the greareft gift and chiefeft argument of duty 
that my labour and feruice can affoord : whereof if there be no other fruit,yer this 
is of fome vie, that I haue miniftred Matter for Men of riper wits and deeper 
iudgements to polith, and to adde to my large additions where any thingis: de- 
fectiue, that in time the Worke may be perfeé, Thusl humbly take my leaues 
befeeching God to grant you yet many dayesto liue to his glory,to the fupport of 
this State vader her Maieftie our dread Soueraigne, and that with great encreafe 
ofhonor in this world, andall fulnefse of glory in the world to come. 


Your Lordfhips moft bumble 
and obedient Seruant, 


loon GerRarp. 


LANCELOTVS BRVNIVS MEDICVS REGINEVS 
Touanni Gerarvo Chirurgo peritifimo, 
ds rei Herbaria callentiffimo S.P, D. 


=V M fingularum medicine partium cognitioatque intelli- 
gentia libero homine digna confenda eft; tum earum nulla 
vel antiquitate, vel dignitate, vel vtilitate, vel denique iu- 
cunditate, cum ftirpium cognitione iure comparari debet, 
Antiquiffimam eam effe ex eo liquet, quod quum ceteree 
medicine partes (ficut relique etiam artes) ab ipfis homi- 
nibus (prout cos dura preffit neceffitas) primum excogitate 
f & inuentez fuerunt:fola herbarum arborumque cognitio 
ante hominem formatum condita,eidemque mx creato ab 
ipfo mundi archetecto donata videri poteft. Cuius tanta 
apud antiqua fecula exiftimatio ac dignitas erat, vt & ipfi- 
us inuentionem fapientiffimo Deorum Apollini veteres 
rribuerint,& reges celeberrimi in ftirpium viribus indagandis ftudium laboremque fuuna 
confumere, fumme fibi apud pofteros laudi honorique futuramcenfucrint, Iam verd 
plantarum vtilitas, atq; etiam neceffitas,adeo laté patet,vt eius immenfitatem nullius vel 
acutiffimi hominis animus capere,nedum meus calamus exprimere queat.Stirpium enim 
complurime nobis in cibos,alimentumque cedunt : innumerz aduerfirs morbos remedia 
fiippeditant : ex alijs domos, naues, inftrumenta tam bellica quam ruftica fabricamus : 
aliquotetiam earum veftes noftris corporibus fubminiftrant. In quibus fingulis recen- 
fendis diutitts perfiftere, hominis effet intemperantér abutentis & otio & literis. Quan- 
tas autem, & quam varias voluptates ex ftirpium fiue amoenitate oculis capiamus, five 
fragrantia naribus hauriamus, fine fumma inearum conditorem impietate inficiari non 
poflumus. Aded vt abfque ftirpium ope & fubfidio vita nobis ne vitalis quidem habert 
debeat. 

Quum igiturres plantaria reliquis omnibus medicine partibus antiquitate antecedat, 
dionitate, nulli cedar;vtilitate infuper obleGationeque cxteras longé fuperet, quis futu- 
tus eft, adco, aut infenfatus vt non exploratum habeat, ‘aut ingratus, ut non ingenué ag- 
hofeat, quantayniuerfis Anglis commoda, quantafque voluptates tuus mi Gerarde in ftir- 
pium inueftigatione & cultu labor indefeflus, ftudium inexhauftum, immenfique fump- 
tus hoc de ftirpibus edito libro allaturifunt. Madte itaque iftatua virtute,iftoque de re- 
publica bené merendi ftudio, & quod infigni ta cum laude ingreflus es virtutis gloriz- 
que curriculum, eidem infifte animosé & gnauitér, neq; are plantaria promouenda prius 
defifte,quam eam 3 te ad vmbilicum iam fermé produétam ipfe plené abfoluas atque per- 
ficias, Sicenim & ribiadhic fuperftiti gloriam paries immortalem, & poft obitum tan- 
tam tui nominis celebritatem relinques,vt tuarum laudum pofteros noftros nulla vnquam 
captura (it obliuio, Bene vale," Ex Aula Reginea Weftm. ipfis Cal. Decemb. 1597 


t 
\ 


| 
; 
{ 
| 
| 
el 
1 


Authoris ne 
ceffaria dili- 
gentia in ftir- 
pium fine Ma. 
tere Medica 
eognitione 
sommendatur. 


Prettigiofas 
popularium ; 
medicaftrorti 
fallacias dete. 
gimus & inuce 
teratos depu- 
Jimus errores. 


Initio prologi 
Phatmac,Pre- 
parand, 


MATTHIAS DE LOBEL 
lTOHANNI GERARDO 
felicitatem. 


2x Vium Londinum appulijgn finw gasifus [im Gerarde amicifsime suns typogra- 
pho forimis excudenda Plant arin collectar 4 twa commiffia vidi, de quibus 
fummas, mula die perituraslandes Anglia tibi Rei-herbarie familiam uni- 
9 Her fam, medicatricis artis partem, anti quifimum, iacundi (Cineum ey urilif- 
imum ftudium, revegere cupido, debet. Prifcorumenim Theophratti, Dio- 
fcoridis, Plinij, & Galenifiripta,pafim toto orbe pervulgata, tanquane 
a oT fontes , Neotericorum autem, fen rivulos, Brunfelfij, Fuchfij, Tragi, Ru- 
ellij, Matthioli, Dodonzi, Turneri, Clufij, Dalefcam pi, Camerarij, Tabernemontani, 
Pen, noftramque nouam methodum cy ordinem, a Gramine & notioribus ad Triticea, gencratim 
& fpectatim, marerno idiomate, Anglice genti tue cultifine, Reipublica voluptabili commodo, re 


” oie , quo ipfa ftimulata, herbarum delitias & hortorum [ian [imum & amen:fimum cultuy; 


amplectetur, maximorum Imperatorum, Regum & Heroum tam pref lorum quam nuperorum ex 
emplo. Nec {atis hoc tibi fuit fed multo magis diafuper preeftitsti, quod copiam multarum elegan- 
tii wm plantarum in Anelia (ponte na(i atin ab alys hattenus pratermiffi rum, hiftoriam 
defcripfifti, magna hoc fiudio captorum vtilitate cy oblectamento : Singulas enim regiones pecn lia. 
res quafdam plantas, 4 , 5 non facile repertas, crenere certum, Neque magni tibi ‘fuit hee 
iafpectione oe vies Nature types aoffe 3 quippe qua ain herbas indigenas ynquilinas O pereg 7inas 
cum nuperrime folo crumpentes c pilulantes, tum adultas, femineque prag nantes, hortulo tuo {ub- 
urbano alwific e fouifti : Exattum cnim cognof:ndarwm ex fizura aut facie [uperficiaria herbarum 
fiudium acneratim confistit (Diofcorides / r) rhe jv qucntt oO afs dua, tem poris 0782 infpectio. 
ne, Sedalia eft interioris Cr fubjlantiale forme plantarum, gua oculiscerng non poteft, filers cogn;- 
t10.; quam etiam, quantum potes percinétando, (enorum Grecorum Medicorum more,aperire cond 
ris. Solebant autem antiqui {uorum Medicaminum experimenta,in Reipublice vtilitatem, nn 
tistabellis dare, quilss apud Ephefcos templi fyluatice Diane partetes veflicbamtur Compertum tis 
am eff Hippocrates difcendi cupianm, permultis regionibus peragrates, idem preftitiffe, Cr in me- 
thodum commemorabiliorcm reflituiffe c iluftr affe. Melius enim eff Reipublice quam noftris 
modus profpicere. Non est igitur quod huins inuidiofe procacis etatis conuiciatorces maledici Zoi. 
4 tua obtrectent : d difli enimgratis quod potwifiz, catera doc 
C0 
1 Flora Dea meretrice nobili dictis, valetudini & vtil, 
luptati, valeri 1Ufots. Nowaulli fiqu f 
uivis plantis ad medendum maxime peceffurijs, gnant wacertis, dubys 
aut fimplicibus facultates le 
(vin enim fape fimplex compofitionem ineptam reddit peruertit aut deprauat) quibus nec tuty 
Hee témere credendum . multoquectiam minus mult herbarum exper tis fallacibus quibus cti- 
am neque wifi notifSrris morbrs fimplici bus, compofitis cy implicatis, eorune mngque [ent {imis fimp- 
tomatibus, utendam, ne inoport dium fit. Sumo chim 
tinm di emptis 
na cy ho- 
opifices, textores [elly.. 
s fcutica dignos , qui 
8, [celerato infania lucro, fe Medicos Theophra- 
eouftarunt, profitentur, Now imuenufte Syluius in hy- 
iuf{moai hominis inuchit, dum ait; Quam quifque nouit artem, hanc exerceat vnam,atque ex- 
colat, && totus in ca verfetur, &c. Et {ub fincm prafationis rurfus ait, Faxit Deus vt quifque 
quam exercet Artem,pernofeat, & Medicus nihil eorum que ad morbos cird &' tutd cu- 
randos vtilia vel neceflaria effe confueucrunt, ignoret. Preualet Medicus vbi Pharmaco- 
i fides fulpeca eft qui ipfe fimplicia & compolita pernofcit; imé quam infamiz no- 
imprudens inurit, dum ignarus horum fimplicium medicamentorum , tanquam afi- 


SiR ¢ 


COM 
“fcr 
CXOVTIM cy ¢exat 


ye 


bus indicys reinguens . 
enocinys allectis Florifta- 


. 
mpertaram pene adhuc virium manger 


run floribus . 


lens, quam vo- 
riplores rapfodi, ignotis fibé 
> fuppofititys ftirpibus 


itimi fimplicis medicamenti, maxinoerrore Cy [uma periclitatione 


libris herbarum tra 


MCX 


wns Carum V{us fepius vencnum quam rem 
|pendio c exercitati 


iS morum Medicorum tadio periclit 
tis inftitutionibus, Hippocratis Galeni praceptis, per fa 
witoun ftrages m a ventamenta agunt. Owitto, breuttat 0,U 

larios, (or didi v0S ,interpolatores, crrculatores forenf. S 
profe(Sonibus & mechanicrs artibus fis faftidi 
fteos, qucm Vix Inguam (ummis labris 


& neglect 


7 
S 


‘ 


mad omnia Pharmacopcei rogata, auribus motis, velutannuit: quid quod illi 
nvolens Pharmacopeeus illudit. Abfurdiffimus eft ac fepé ridiculus qui me- 
cit, harum r ignarus ; & Pharmacopceo ignorantiz {ufpeum merité fe 


ic 


Medico 


Medico quam plurima perfirutandaut [atts (isperqs ad artem medicatricem perdifcendam,annos 


pancos haudquaquam fufficere,teftantur ipfius expertentifimi & Diuini fems verba vbi inquit ; 
Ego enim ad finem Medicine non perueni,etiamfi iam fenex fim. E¢ flatim per initia A- 
phorif{morum vitam breuem cy artem longam pronuncianuit. Quomodo ergotuto medebuntur mul. 
tilarwati Medici aut Medicaftri tam repente creati,nulla Medicina parte, Medicamentorumve fa 
cultatibus perfpectis ? Huinfmodi adula toresalfentatores, dubitatores, rixatores, periclitatores cp 
Gnathonicos parafiftratos hi iftrionibus qui in traga dys introducuntur fimilimos fecit Hippocrates. 
Quemadmodum enim illi(inquit) iguram quidem & habitumac perfonam eorum quos 
teferunt habent,illi ipfi autem vere non funt:Sic & Medicifama quidem & nomine mul - 
ti,“ reautem & Opere valde pauci. Itaque cum panlo ante Medicinam omninen artinm pre- 
clariffimam effe dixerit : Verum propter ignorantiam eorum qui cam exercent,& ob vul- 
gi ruditatem,qui tales pro Medicis indicat & habet;iam eo tes deuveniffe,vt omnium ar- 
tium longe viliffima cenfeatur. At vero hoc peccatum ob hance potiffimum caufam com- 
mitti videtur ; foli namque Medicine nulla pena in rebus-publicis ftatuta eft, prater- 
quam ignominie. Ne animam cy fomam lederit , aut illi infignis ienominia inureretur ob hu. 
infrnod: ardua c noxia difcrimina,bonus ille cy [yncerus Dodoneus (quamvis multas herbas ex a- 
lys ce Fuch(iotranfivipferit cwins methodo Ufus eft quermque inchoauerat ut ipfemet mibe retulit, 
vernacila Germanicainferiort lingua vertere) vuleati{fimispotilfimis iffque paucts ex tot herba. 
ruin millibus,quinquagenis aut feptuagenis herbis quibus vtebatur, pottus contentus fuit quam in- 
numer ts (ibi ignotis periclitari : melius enim omnino medicamento Carere,abftinere,¢ nature com 
mittere,quan abuti.V tinam huius nostra etates quamplures anfo potiti, medicinam factitantes,eo 
frudio, candore & voto mederentur : his id forfitan nequaquam enenerit quod Philofophes( Hippo- 
crate defuncto) dificpulis [is inexpertis o parum adhuc exercitatis medendo,id eft necando(vt me- 
movie traditum eft)contingit: quamobrem ars Medica Athenis,Roma cy per vainer {am Gracian 
centum cy feptuaginta anms interdicta et exul uit. Merito igitur caute et tute acendum : Opiatis 
et Diagrediatis,Colocynthide,T: ithymalis,Efula,Lathyride,- Mercurio, Stibio, & fimilibus mole« 
Sriffimis fimplicibres cum cantione vtendum : optimis ducibus e experientif[ime {evioribus pra- 
ceptoribus adharendum,quoris [ub vexillis ‘fidifSime ey tutiffime rara cy praclara,ob barbaviem fe- 
re extincta,patrum & anorum remedia,maximo et priftino artis ornamento et proxtmi vtilitatere- 
nouantur,et in vim renocantursneglectis fpretis et exclafis Empiricis verbofis inuidiolis.fiefpenfis, 
ambagiofis et exitiofis opinionibus quibus Mundus immundus regitur et labitur , qui cum decipi 
velit ,decipiatur:in cuius fallacias perappofite finxit et cecinit olim hos verficulos eruditifvimnus col~ 
lega D Jacobus Paradifus nobilis Gandanenfis alludens ad nomen tanti wer [utilfimi herois Noftran 
dami § alonenfis Gallo-prowincie, 
Noftra-damus cum verba damus quia fallere nostrum ; 
Et cum verba damus nil aifi Noftra-damus. 


Vale, Londini ipfis Calendis Decemb. 1597. 


Epift.ad De» 
mocritum, 


S¢ Multi mae 
lunrvideri 
quameffe, 


Se 


——— 


In GERARD TI Botanologian 
Pepe rULLOVe 
Ltimus ecce Gerardus : at edit an optimus herbas ? 
Quid ni? non notas fed dedit ille novas. 
Ergo ne inuideas, videas cum nomen Cy omen 
gutsy ty MIKI eft ardua quanta Zerit. 
Odme yay ge renee ek pase ra TE ypc 7 TASH: 
Sic liber eft promus, condus vt hortus erat. 
Et yaitw dps calumaque folumq; fubegit. 
TO y' dpe Seamsorug a'pulier OH YK pate 
ANTONIVS HVNTONVS, 
Medicinz candidatus. 


Ad Tohaanem Gerardum Chirurgum Herbari. 
uma, peritifsimum, 


N Vila oculos hominum fpecies magisallicit illa, 


Quam praftante manu duxit generofus Apelles, 
Nulla aures animo!que magis facundia, quam que 
Se fufam loquitur Ciceronis ab ore diferti: 
Hee eademhunclibrum commendat caufa, Gerarde, 
Cui pro laude fatis cali natum effe parente, 
Artifices cui inter dextras pro numine,nomen 
Nobilius reliquis herb, planteq ;magiftris. 
Illi ecenim Europz fuccos, Afigque liquores 
Queque arentefolo fitiens parit Africa,traftant : 
‘Tuvererum inuentis noua confuis omnia, fi qua 
Indus veerque dedit noftram fotura falucem, 
Sive aliunde vehit noftras mercator ad oras, 
Hocipfo veilius,Quia que funt credita {criptis, 
Illamanu expertus medico,& bene diues ab horto 
Explorata diumultumg;¢mittis in auras, 
Que curenthominum languentia corpora, multi 
Praeftancefq; viri docuere fidelirer artem. 
Sed fi fuftuleris plantas,quem verba ivabunt 
Sicanimo,fic fronte minax.In prlia miles 
Profilit,at ftriGto cedit vitoria ferro 
Que tibi pro tanto cedit viéteria ferro 
Pramia perfoluct,Myrtilauriq; coronas ? 
Iftam nouic edax mercedem abolere veruftas. 
At tibi pro {tudio impenfifque Iaboribus iftis, 
ucis hominum curas {ercam teétamq; falutem, 
Ille opifex rerum, cuftofq; authorg ;falutis 
Eterna ftatuic frontem redimire corona. 
G.Lanneus Medicus. 


Tz historiam plantarum, \o.Gexardi cinés Chirargi Londixenfis, 
M.lacobi thonftonij Scori Ballinerife Regi pegi port io- 
nary Epigramma, 
LD Eline, quer vaftis pomaria montibus Atlas 
Clauferat(Hefperij munera rara foli) 
Auratis folijs auratos define ramos 
Mirari,& ramis pendula poma fuis, 
Singula cum Domino periere,& Gorgone vifo 
In montis riguit vefcera verfus Atlas. 
Alcinoi perijt qui,cedat penfilis hortus, 
Quem celebrat prifci temporis aurafugax > 
Yna Gerardini fpecies durabilis horti 
A®rerno fame marmore fculpta manet. 
Hic quicquid Zephyrus produxit,quicquid & Eurus, 
, Antiquus quicquid & novus orbis haber, 
Inculic in patriam naturamq; exprimaicarte + 
Sic nullo cedit terra Britanna folo. 


Wr — ‘ aa 


‘ 


eee Se 


eS a 


Quod magiseft Graium & Latium concluditinyno 
Margine,& Anglorum iam facit ore loqui : 
Sic eric zteynum hine-vt viuas,horte Gerardr, 
Cultoris ftudio nobilicace am. 


In Plantarum hiftoriam,a [olertifimo viro,Reiq, Herbaria peri- 
tiffimo,D , lohanne Gerardo, Anglice edstam 
Epigramma, 


Gregiam certé faudem,d ecusimmortale refertis 
Tu,(ocijq;tui,magnum & memorabile nomen 
(Illuftris D EV O R AX) raproribus orbis IBERIS 
Deuictis clatle Anglorum; Tuqu¢e (Dicafta 
Maxime EGERTON E)vetetem fuperans Rhadamanthum, 
HEROVM mnerito jus.e, centendus in albo, 
NecJausveltra minor (fact pictatis alumni) 
Qui mente’ hominum diuina pafcitis efca, 
Ornatis Patriam cunéti,nomengq; Britannum 
Augetis, vobi(q; viam munitis ad aftra. : 
Quinagite, in partem faltem permicticehonorls 
Phoebei veniant Vates,qui pellere gnari 
Agminamorborum, humane infidiancia vite, 
Huius & ingentes,ferena fronte labores 
ANGLO-D1OSCORIDIS, Patriz,veltreg; faluci 
Ricipite exhauttos : paulum huc diuortite in HORT OS 
uos CH ORT EI A colit,quos Flora exornat, & omnes 
Natades,& Dryades,Charites,Nymphzq; Britannz. 
Corporibus hicgratg falus,animisq; voluptas. : 
Hic laxate animos WN BITAVITNVMENINHORTIS, 


FranHering Med. 
SRE NYS SA ES a ae 


Thonias Newtonus,Ceftrefhyrius,D. lo, Geratdo, amie 
co non vulgari, Se 


p™ tot ab ingenuis confcripra volumina myitis, 
‘Herbarum vires qui referare docent, 
Tu tandem prodis Spartamq;hanc gnaviter ornas, 
Dum reliquis palmam praripuilfe tudes. 
Nec facis hoc,rutilo ve poflis ditarier auro, 
Nec tibi vt accrefcar grandis acervus opum 5 
Sed prodelffe volens,vefticos gramine colles 
Perluftras,&agros, frondiferumq;nemus, 
Indeq; Ponias (apis inftar)colligis herbas, 
Ing; tutim ftirpes congeris alueolum. 
Mille tibi {pecies plantarum,milleq; notes 
Hortulus indicio eft,quem colisipfe domi. 
Pampinee vites,redolens cedrus, innuba laurus, 
Nota tibinotaeft pinguis oliua tibi. 
Balfama,narcy/lus,rhododaphne,nardus,amomum, 
Saluia,diétamnus, galbana nota tibi. 
Quid multis? radix, ftirps, lds cur cortice ramus, 
Spicaq; cum filiquis eft bene nota tibi. 
Grarulor ergo tibi,canétifq;(Gerarde) Bricanniss 
Namptwicoq; tuo gratulor,atq; meo. 
Nam Ceftrelhyryj teac me. genuere parentes, 
Tu meliore ramen fydere natus cras. 
Mae animo,pergafq; precor,coeprumng; laborem 
Vige etiam vltetius.Viuitur ingenic. 
Auum habeancalij,gemmas, nicidofq; pyropos, 
Plantas qi & flores (cribe Gerarde, Vale. 


Vere & ex animotuns, Tho. Newton, Ufordenfis 


lip pms. 


To the well affeded Reader and perufer of this 
Booke,St.Bredwell Phyfition, 


greeung, 


8 Pen the campe of glorie and honour for all men,faith the younger Pliny: war 
onely men of great birth and dignitie, or men of office endued with publique 
charge andtttles,are feene therein,and haue the carland of praife and prefers 
% ment waiting to Crowne their merits out euen the common fouldrer Likewife: 
MY fo as hewhofe name andnotewas erft all obfcure, may by egregious atts o 

Gr, valour obtaine a place among the noble. The fthoole of (cience keepeth fembla- 
‘B8 ble proportion: mbofe amplitude,as not alwazes nor anely, men of great titles 
and degrees labour to illuftrate, (owhofoencr doth, may confidently account 

of, at the leaft his name to bezmmortall. What ts he then that will aenie his voice of gracious co m- 
mendation tothe Authors of tht Booke : to entry one,no doubt, there ts due a condig ne meafures 
tf Teac The firft gatherers out of the Antients and augmentors by their owne paines, haue alreadie fpread 
Pens, the odour of their good names,through all the Lands of learned habitations.D., Prickt,for his tran « 

Saad fiation of fo much as Dodonzus, hath thereby loft a tombe for bis honorable fepulture. M.Gerard 
ee comming laft,but not the leaft,hath many wares accommodated the whole worke vato our Englifh 
Nation : for this Hiftorie of Plants,as it ts richly replemfhed by thofe fiwe mens labours laied to. 

gether, fo yet could it full ill have wanted that new acceffion he hath made vuto it, Many things hath 

Be nouri ifhed in his garden,and obferued in onr Englifb fields, that neuer came into their pennes ta 

write of Againe,thegrcateft number of thefé plants hauing neuer been written of in the Englifh 

; tongue,would haue wanted names for the vulzar fort to call them by : inwhich defect he hath bin 

curroufly carefull,touching both ald and new names to make fupply. And left the Reader Should too 

often lang uifh with frnftrate defire,te finde fome plant be readeth,ofrarevertue, he ‘fpareth not to 

tell (if himfelfe haye (eene tt in England)in what wood, pafture or ditch the fame may befeene and 

“ ii. gathered, Which when 1thinke of and therewithall remember with what cheer efull alacritie, and 
refolute attendance he hath many yeares tilled this ground, and now brought forth the fruit of it, 

whether 1 fhould more commend his great diligence to attaine this skillor his large bencuolence in 

beffowing it on his countrie,l cannot cafily determine. This bovke-birth thus brong bt forth by Ge- 

tatd,as st is informe anddifpofition faire and comely, encry {pecies being referred to his likelieft 

Benus,of whofe locke it came : fo wit accomplifbed with furpalfing varietie, vato uch [preading 

growth and flrength of enery lim,as that it may feeme fome heroicall Impe of illuftrions race, able 

to draw the cies andexpectation of emery man unto it. Somewhat rareit will be bere for 2 man to 

mone 2 queftion of this nature,abd depart againe without fome good fatisfuttion.M a nifold will be 

the ufe both to the Phylition andothers: for encry man adclighteth inknowledge naturally whish (as 

Leert.l.s, Ariftotle fasd):s in profperitre ai ornament ia aducrfitie arefuge. But this booke aboue many 0- 
{ Sap.te thers will fate with the moft ,becanfe it both plenteon|ly mnifireth kuowledge, which ts the food of 
the minde,and doth it alfo with a familiar and pleafing tafe to eucry capacitie. Now as this com- 
moditie ts communicated to all,and many fhall receine much fruit thereof, {01 wifb fome may hane 
hat wt might not berruc in all that Luvenall faith, Scire vo- 

hes,mercedem folucie nemo: (1.) All defireto know, noneto yeeld reward. Let 
sof this knowledge isthe high aduancement of the health of man that 
; t by flrong indevar : neither can firong indeuor be accomplifbed 
without free maintenance.T his hath not he,who ts forced to labour for his daily bread » but if hee, 

who from the fhort houres of his daily and nece(farie traucll stealing as it were fonse for the publike 
} bchoofe,and fetting at length thofe pecces together, can bring forth focomely a garment as thisymect 
fo coucr or put away the ignorance of many - what may be thought hewould do, if publicke mainte- 

} nance did free him from that pest? care,aadvnite histhouehts to bewholly intent tothe general! 

i 800d. 0 Keaderif fuch men as thesfficke not to rob thewifelucs of (uch wealth as thou bafte toinrich 
| thee, with that [(ubftancethouwantef? detract not ta fhare out of thine aboundance to merit and ci. 
{ courage their paines : that fo fluxible riches,andpirmancnt riences may the one become 4 prop vit- 
Cie. OFe1,  gotheother. Alt hough praife and reward ioined as companions to frustfullendeuors, are (in part) . 
i 4 defired of all men,that undertake loffes labour s,or dangers for the publique behoofe : becaufe they 
Simplic. ; wes (as 1t were )unto reafon,and able her more and more to refine her felfe+ yet doe they 


Plin.Yun, 


| Be 
: 


Yuuenal.7, 
Gat. 


aad 
comn.ia 


wot wmbrace that honour in re[pect of it felfe nor in re(pect ofthofe that conferredit upon them, but 
as 


a ee 
as haning thereby an argument in themfelues, that there is (omething in them worthy eftimation 

among men : which then doubleth their diligence to deferue zt more abundantly, Admirable and 

for the imitation of Princes; was that adt of Alexander, who {esting Axiftotle to compile com Plin.fi@, 
mentaries ofthe bruit creatures, allowed him for the better performance thereof, certaine thoy. °?™* 
fands of men, in all Afia and Greece, wmoft skilful obfexnors of [uch things »t0.giue him informati- 
on touching all beasts, fifhes, foules, ferpeats, and flres. What came of it ? LA booke written,where. 
in all learned men in all ages fince do exercife themfelues principally, for the knowledge ofthe crea, 
tures. Great isthe number of thofe that of their owne private haute laboured in the fame matter, 
from bis age downe to our prefent time,which all do not in comparifon [atisfie vs. Whereas ifin thofe 
enfuing aces there had rifew till new Alexanders, there (Certainely) would not haye wanted 
Ariftotles co bane made the enidence of thofe things an hundred fold more cleered vato vs, thai 
now they be, Whereby you may perceive the unequal effects that follow rhofe vnfitable cauifes of 
publike ‘and priuate matntenances unto laboars and  Pudies Now that t might not difpaire in this m 
exhortation, fee examples of this munificence in our age to gine me comfort : Ferdinand the Em. 


‘ i ; gs Gryllus in 
eror and Cotmus Medices Prince of Tufcane are herein reciflred for furthering this {eience of orat. de pere= 


plants, in following of it themfclues and becomming skilfall therein : which courfe of theirs could ea Aidiy mes 
not be holden without the fiipporting and aduancing of [uch as were fludious to excell inthis kinde, °° 
Bellonius /skemife (whom for honours vaufe 1 name) a man of high attempts in aaturall(cience, Bellon. de 
greatly extolleth hs Kings liberalitie, which endued him with frce leifure to. follow the fludieof nee as 
plants feconded alfo herein by Moritmorencie the Conftable, the Cardinals Caftilion aad Lor. ““P°"'” 
taine, with Oliuerius the Chancellor -by whofe meanes he was enabled to performe thofe his notable 
pereerinations 17 ttaly, Africa and Afta : the (weet frust whereof, ase hane recciued fame tafte by 
his obftruartoas,fowe fhould plemeoufly hae been filled with them,zf violent death by moft accurfed 
vobbers had not cut him off.And as 1 finde thefe examples of comfort in forreine nations,fowe are (I 
confe([c) much tobe thankfullto God, for the experience we bane of the like things at home, If 
(newertheleffe) vito that Phyficke lecture Lately [o well erected, menwho haue this worlds goods 
hall baue hearts alfo of that fpirit,to adde [oree ing enious labourer in the skill of fimples, they Shall 
mightily augment and adorne the whole {cience of Phyficke. But if to that likewifé they ioine a 
thirdamely the art of Chimicall preparation that out of thofe good creatures which God hath 
gine n man for his health pure {ubftances may be procured for thofe that be ficke, (I feare not to fay 
# though I fee how Momus fcorneth) thes prefent eener ation mould purchafemore to the perfecti- 
on of Phyficke,than all the generations paft fince Galens time hane done : that I Say nothing of this 
one fruit that would grow thereof, to wit,the difcouering and abolifbing of thefé pernitious impo. 
tures and [ophiftications which mount promifing Paracelfians encry where obtrude,through want 
of a true and couftant light among us to difterne them by. In which behalfe, remembrine the 
mourifull ppeech of erane Hippocrates; Theart of Phyficke truly excelleth all arts, howbe- Hipp.deLege: 
it, through the ignorance partly of thofe that exercife it, and partly of thofe that 
iudge rathly of Phyfitions,it is accounted ofall arts the moft inferiour: Z (ay in like man- 
nershe art of Chimiftrie isin it felfethe wsoft noble inftrument of naturall knowledges but through 
the ignorance c impiety partly of thofe that moft andacion|ly profelfe it without skill,and ‘partly of Sr ie 
them that impudently condemne that they know not, it is of all others moft bafely defpifed and corn. 
fully rejected. A principall remedy toremone. {uch contumelious diferace from thefe two pure vir. 
Sins of one flocke andlinage, isthis that 1 haue now in(inuated, even by erecting the laboratory of 
an induftrious Chimift by the fiveet carden of flourifbing fimples. The Phyficke reader by their 
meanes fhall not oncly come furnifhed with authorities of the Ancients, and fenfible probabilities 
for that he teacheth, but with reall demon|trations alfoin many things, which the reafon of man 
without the light ofthe fornace would newer hane reached unto. Thane vttered my hearts defire, 
for promoting fir the perfection of my profefion, andnext by nece(fary confequence, the 
healthie lines of men, If God open mens hearts to prowide for the former, it cannot be 
but thatthe happy fruits Jball be feene in the later. Let the ingenious 
lcarned indge whether I hane reafon on my fide : the 
partial addicted fect I foun, as men 
that neuer meane good to 


pofteritie. 


te 


——_—_— 
” 


| 
| 
| 


————————— 


George 


gh nen ete 
tp a es 


_ 


George Baker, one of her MA aiefties chiefe (hirurgions in 
ordinarie,and <M. of the (hirurgions of the Cutie 
of London,to the Reader. 


Riffotle,a Priace amongf{t the Philofophers, writing in his Me 
-<} taphyficks of thenature of mankind, faith that man is natural- 
ly inclined and defirous of fcience. The which fentence doth 
teach vs,that all creatures (being vertuoufly giuen) doe {triue 
to attain to perfection,and draw neare in what they can to the 

NEB Creator ; and this knowledge is one of the principal] parts 
which doth concerne the perfection of ynderftanding : for of the fame doth fol- 
Jow, that al] fuch are generally inclined te know the meanes by the which they 
may conferue their life,health,and reputation, And although 1t be neceflarie for 
man to learneand know all {ciences,yet neuerthelefle the knowledge of natural] 
philofophie ought to be preferred,as being the moft neceflarie ; and moreouer 
it doth bring with ita fingular pleafureand contentment. The firlt inuentor of 
this knowledge was Chiron the Centaure,of great renowne,fonneto Sarurne and 
Phillyre cand others fay thatit was inuented of Apollo: & others of E/culape his fon; 
eftceming that fo excellent a fcience could neuer proceed but from the gods im- 
tortall and that it was impoflible for man to finde out the nature of Plants, if 


the great worker,whichis God,had not firftinftru@ed and taught him. For, as 


Pliny @ith,if any thinke that thefe things haue bin inuented by man.heis vngrate- 
full for the workes of God. The firft that we can learn of among the Greekes that 
haue diligently written of herbes,haue bin Orpheus, Mufaus,and Hefiode, hauing 
bin taught by the Egyptians : then Pythagoras of great renowne for his wifedom, 
which did write bookes of the nature of Plants, and did acknowledge to learne 
the fame from Apollo and B/cuslape. Demorrite alfo did compote bookes of Plants, 
hauing firft trauelled ouer all Perfia,Arabia,Ethiopia, and Egypt. Many other 
excellent {pirits haue taken great pleafure in this {cience, which to accomplifh 
haue hazarded their liues in paffing many ynknowne regions, to learne the true 
knowledge of Elleborus,and other Medicaments:of which number were Hippo= 
crates ,Crateua,Aviftorle,Theophraf? ,Diocles Cariftins Pamphylus,Moncius Hierophile, 
Diofcorides Galen, Pliny,and many others,which I leaue to name,fearing to be too 
long.And ifI may{peake without partialitie ofthe Author of this book, his great 
paines,his no lefle expences in travelling far and neere for the attaining of his 
skill haue bin extraordinarie.F or he was neuer. content with the knowledge of 
thofe fimples which grow inthofe parts, but vpon his propet coftand charges 
hath had out ofall parts ofthe world all the rare fimples which by any means he 
could attaine vnto,not onely to haue them brought,but hath procured by his ex- 
cellent knowledge to hauethem growing inhis garden, which as the time of the 
yeare doth ferue may be feene: for there thall you fee all manner of ftrange trees, 
herbes,roots plants, floures,and otherfuch rare things,that it would make aman 
wonder, how one of his degree,not haning the purfe of a number, could ever 
accomplifhthe fame proteft ypon my cenfcience,I do not think for the know- 
ledge of Plants,that heisinferiour to any : for! did once fee him tried with ofie 
of the beft {trangers that ever came into England, afd was accounted in Paris 
the onely man,being recommended vato me by that famous man Mafter Avab. 

z Parews, 


Pareus 3 and he being here was defirous to goe abroad with fome of our Herba- 
rifts, for che which I was the meane to bring them together; and one whole day 
we {pent therein, fearching the rareft Simples : but when it came to the triall,my 
French man did not know one to his foure. What doth this man deferue thar 
hath talcen fo much paines for his countrey, in fetting our a booke, that to this 
day neuer any in what language foeuer did the like? Firft for corre@ting their 
faults in {o many hundred places, being falfly named, miftaken the one for the 
other ; and then the pictures ofa great number of plants now newly cut, Ifthis 
man had taken this paines in Italy and Germany, where Marthiolus did write, he 
fhould hawe fped as well as he did ; For (faith he)I had fo grear a defire ever to fi- 
nith my Booke, that I never regarded any thing in refpeét of the publique good, 
not fo much as to thinke how | fhould finith fo great a charge,which I had neuer 
carried out, but that by Gods flirring vp of the renowned Emperour Ferdinando 
of famous memorie,and the excellent Princes had not helped mee with great 
fiims of money, fo that the Commonwealth may fay, That this bleffing doth ra- 
ther proceed of them than from me. There haue been alfo other Princes of Al- 
maine which haue bin liberal in the preferring of this Book, and the moft excel. 
lent EZ leGtor of the Empire the Duke of Saxonie, which {ent me by his Poft much 
_ monytoward my charges : the liberalitie of the which and the magnificence to- 
ward me I cannot commend fufficiently. They which followed in theirtiberali- 
tie were the excellent Fredericke Count Palatine of the Rhine , and the excellent 


Joachim Marqucs of Brandeburg, which much fupplied my wants: and the like - 


did thereuerend Cardinall and Prince of Trent,and the Excellent Archbithop 
of Saltzperg, the Excellent Dukes of Bauare and Cleues,the duke of Megapolen- 
cis Prince of Vandalis, the State Republique of Noremberg, the libezalitie of 
whom ought to be celebrated for euer : and it doth much reioice me that I had 
the helpe and reward of Emperors, Kings, Electors of the Roman Empire,arch- 
dukes, Cardinalls, Bifhops, Dukes and Princes, for it giveth more credit to our 
Labors than any thing thatcan be faid. Thus far Matthiolus his owne writing of 
the liberalitie of Princes towards him. What age do we liue in here that wil fuf= 
fer all vertue to go ynrewarded ? Mafter Gerard hath taken more pains than euer 
Matthiolus did in his Commentaries, and hath corre@ted a number of faults that 
hepaffed ouer; and I dare affrme(in reuerence be it fpoken to that Excellent 
man) that Mafter Gerard dath know a great number of Simples that were not 
knowne in his time : and yet I doubt whether he fhall tafte of the liberalitie of 
either Princ , Duke, Earle, Bifhop, or publique Eftate. Let aman excell neuer 
fo much in any excellent knowledge, neuertheles many times*he is not fo much 
tegatded asa lefter, a Boafter, a Quackfaluer or Mountebanke : for {uch kinde of 
men can flatter, diflemble, make of trifles great matters, in praifing of this 
rate fecret, or that excellent {pirit, or this Elixer or Quinteffence ; 
which when it fhall come tothe triall, nothing R 
fhal befound but boafting words: 
Fb bB Lsiess 


a9 ta 


ii) 
i 
{ 
? 


— 


es 


= 


’ To the courteous and well willing Readers, 


Lthough my paines haue not been fpent (curteous Reader) inthegraciows difconerie 
of golden Mines, nor inthe tracing after filuer veines, whereby my natine country 
might be enriched with (uch merchandife as it hath moft in requeft and adusirate- 
ons, yet hath my labour (Itruft) been otherwife profitably employed, in defarying of 

S| (uch a harmlefe treafure of herbes,trees, and plants, as the earth frankely without 

violence offereth unto oxr moft neceffarie vfes. Harmcleffe I call them, becaufé 

they werefach delights as man in the perfecteft ftate of bis innocencie did exft inioy : and tredfure 4 

may well terme them, feeing both Kings and Princes hane eftcemed them as lewels ; fith wifé mem 

{ hane made their whole life as a pilgrimage to attaine tothe knowledge of them : by the which they 

| haue gained the hearts of all and opened the mouthes of many, in commendation of thoferare vertues 
ey a coutained in theféterreftriall creatures. Iconféffe blind Plutas now adayes more fought 

i after than quicke fighted Phoebus : ana yet this dufly mettall,or excrement of the earth (which was 

i fir ft deepely buried leaft it fhould be an eye-fore to gritue the vee heart of wan) by forcible extr 

ii ‘made into the bowels of the earth, is rather fiatched at of manto bis owne deftruction, than direét, 

i Sent of God, to the comfort of this life. And yet behold in the compafsing of this worldly ane 
care, what coft, what aduentures, what my fticall proofes, and chymicall trsals are {et abroach wher 
as notwith/tanding the chiefeft end is but vacertaine wealth, Contrariwife,in the expert knowledge 

a : of herbes, what pleafures ftill renewed with varietie ? what fmallexpence ? what [ecurity ? and yet 

what an apt andordinary meanes to condudt man tothat moft defired benefit of health ? Which as I 

Aenoutly wife unto my native countrey, andto the carefull nurfing mother of the fame f° hauing 

bent my labours to the benefiting of {uch as are fiudioufly prattifed in the conferuation thereof, £ 
thought it a chiefe point of my duty, thus ont of my poore fore tooffer up thefe my far fetched expes 

it riments, together with mine omne countrics unknowne treafire, combined in this compendions Hers 

: ball (not unprofitable though vapolifhed) vata your wife conftructions and courteous confiderations, 

The drift whereof isaready introduction to that excellent art of S impling which is neither fo bafe 
nor contemptible as perhaps the Englifh name may (eeme to intimate : but [uch it is, as altogether 
hath been a fiudy for the wifeft, an exercife for the nobleft, a paftime for the beft. From whence 
there ibring flonres not onely to adornetheg arlands of the Mufes, to decke the bofomtes of the beauti~ 

' full, to paint the gardens of the curious,to garnilh the glorious crownes of Kings ; but alfofuch fruit 

H as learned Diofcorides long tranelled for , and princely Mithridates reférucd a6 precious in his 

\ } owne clofet : Mithridates I smeane, better knowne by his foueraigne Mithridate, than by his form. 

time {peaking two andtwenty languages. But what this famous Prince did by tradition, Eurax king 

of the Arabians did deliner ina difcourfe written of the vertwes of herbes, and dedicated it unto 
the Emperor Nexo. Enery greene Herbarift-can make mention of the herbe Lylimachia, whofé 

} vertues were fered, out by King Lyfimachus, and his vertues no le(fe. erernifed in thefelfe fume 

: plant, than the name of Phy dias, quecntly beaten into the fhield of Pallas, or the firft letters of A- 

jax or Hyacinthus (whether you pleafe) regiftred in that beloned floure of Apollo. As for Ar- 

temifia, fir ft called nase, whether ihe title auc risass “Aprauss Diana her felfe, or from 
the renowned Queene of Caria, which difilofed the vfe thereof unto poferitie, it faruineth as a 

j monument toreuzuethe memories ef thens both for ener. What fhouldwe (peake of Gentiana, bea-. 
ring ftillthe cognifance of Gentius ? or of diners other herbes taking their denominations of their 
i princely Inuentors ? What fhould I fay of thofé royall perfonages, Tuba, A ttalus, Climenus, A. 

\ i chilles, Cyrus, Mafyniffa, Semyramis, Dioclefian ? but onely thus, to befpeake their princely 

loves to Herbarifie, and their enerlafting honors (which neither old Plinius dead, nor youg Li pfi- 


ae 


uslixing will permit to die? ) Crefcent herbe, crefcetis amores : crefcent herbe, crefcetis 
a { honores. But hadthis monted facultie wanted the authorifement of (ich aroyall companie , Kin 

| Solomon, excelling all the reft for wifdome, of greater royaltie than they all (though the Lillies of 

\ the ficldout-braned hinz) he oly (I fay )might yeeld hereunto fufficient countenance and commenda- 

tion, in that his lofty wifedome thought no corne to ftoupe vata the lowly plants. I 1ift nor feceke the 

; common 


= Tothe Reader. 


common colours of antiquitie, when notwithftanding the world can brag of no more amtient Monn. 

ment than Paradife and the garden of Eden: and the fruits ofthe earth may contend for [eizniori. 
tie, [ecing their mother was the firft Creature that conceined, and they themfelues the firft fruzt fhe 
brought forth. Talke of perfect happine(fe or pleafure, and what place was{o fit for chat as the Gar~ 

den place where Adam was {et to be the Herbarift ? Whither did the Poets bunt for their fincere ds- 
lights, but into the gardens of Alcinous,of Adonis, and the orchards of Hefperides > Where 
did they dreame that Heauen fhould be, but in the pleafant garden of Elyfium 2 Whither do all men 
walke for their honeft recreation, but thither where the earth hath molt beneficially painted her face 
with flosrifhing colours ? And what (eafon of the yeare more longed for than the S pring, whofecen- 
tle breath enticeth forth the kindely fweets, and makes them yeeld their fragrant {mells ? who would 
therefore looke dangeroufly vp at Planets, that mic ht fafely looke downe at Plants ? And if true 
he the old prowerbe, Que {upra nos, nihilad nos ; 7 fuppofe this new fajing cannot be falfe, Que 

infra nos, camaximeéad nos. Eaffe therefore is thistreafire to be gained, and yet pretious. The 
rience ts nobly fupported by wife and Kingly F auorites : the fubiechthercof (0 necelfary and delecta. 
ble, that nothing can be confected either delicate for the tafte, daintie for finell, pleafant for fight, 
wholefome for body, confer uatine or reftoratiue for health, but it borroweth the relifh of an herbe, the 
fanonr of aflonre, the colour of aleafe, the inice of a plant, or the decoction of aroot. Andfuch is the 
treafure that this my Treatife ts furnifhed withall, whercin though myne _Arthe not able to counter 
watleNature in hey linely portraitures , yet have I counterfeited likenes for life, Jhapes and fhadowes 
Sor filftance, being ready with the bad Painter to explaine the imperfections of my penfil with my 
pen. chufing rather to {core upon my pictures (uch rude marks as may defiribe my meaning, than to 
derthebcholder tague|[ at randome and miffe. I haue here therefore fet downe not onely the names 
of -fundry Plants, but alfo their natures their proportions and properties, their affects and effects, 
| theirincreafe and decreafe, ther flourifhing and fading, their diftiné# varieties and feuerall quali- 
ties, as well of, thofewhich our ewne Countrey yeeldeth, as of others which I bane fetched further, oy 
drawneout by perufing diners Herbals fet forth in other languages, wherein none of my country-men 
hath tomy knowledgetaken any paines, fince that excellent Worke of M after Doctor Turner. After 
which time Mafter LytéaWorfhipfull Gentleman iranflated Dodonzus ont of French into Eng. . 
lifh : and fince that, Doétor Priett,one of our London Colledge hath (as.1 heard) tranflated the laft 
Bdition of Dodoneeus, and meant to publifh the (ime ; but being preuented by death, bis tran flaté~ 
onlikewi(e perifhed. Laftly my felfe, one of the lealt among many, bane prefimmed to fet forth vato 
the view of the world, the fir(t fruits of the(é myne owne Labours, which if they be [uch as may con. 5 
tent the Reader, I fhallthinke my felfewell rewarded, otherwife there isno man to be blamed bat my 
felfe, being aworke I confe(fe for greater Clerkes to undertake : yet may my blunt attempt [erue as a 

whetfloneto (it anedgevpon (ome fharper wits, by whom I wilh this my courfe Difcour{e might be 

both fined and refined. Faults I confe(fehawe efcaped, forme by the Printers onerfight, fome through 

defects in my {élfe to performe fogreat aWorke, and (ome by meanes ofthe greatne(feof the Labour, 

andthat Iwas conftrained to feeke after my living being voidof friends to beare fore part of the bure 

then. The rather therefore accept this at my hands (louing Conatrey-men) as a token of my good 

mill; andl iruft that the beft and well minded wil not rafbly condenene me,although forme thing hane 

paffed worthy reprehenfion. But as for the flanderer or Enuiois I palfe not for them, but returne up- 

on themfelues any thing they fhall without caufe either murmure ia corners , or iangle in fecre-. 

Farewell, 


ae 


| 
i 
} 
i 
j 
} 


| 


From my Houfe in Holborn within the Suburbs 
of London, this firft of December, 1597- 


ye, es 


ee 


Thy fincere and unfeigned Friend, 


loun GERARD: 


eens aint egtion 


jes, we. 


qq 2 16 


_ 


i 


—— 


Solomon, 


Theophrajtus. 


Lucd. Batan, 
1613. 


Excufiab 
Hear. Steph, 
1593s 


TO THE READER. 


courteoms READER, 


Here are many things which I thinke needfull to impare vnto thee, 
both concerning the knowledge of plants in generall, asalfo for the 
eA better explaining of fome things pertinent to this prefent Hiftorie, 
M which I haue here fet forth much amended and enlarged. For the ge. 
nerall differences, affe tions, &c. of Plants, I hold itnot now fo fitting 
nor neceflatie for me to infift vpon them ; neither doe I intend inany 
large difcourfe to fet forth their many and great vfes and vertues  giue me leaue onely 
totell you, That God of his infinit goodneffe and bountie hath by the medium of Plants, 
beftowed almoft all food,clothing,and medicinevpon man. And to this off-{pring we al- 
fo owe (for the moft part) our houfes,fhipping,and infinite other things, though fome of 
them Protews like haue run through diuers fhapes,as this paper wereon [ write, that firft 
from feed became Flax; then after much vexation thred,then cloath,where it was curand 
mangled to ferue the Fafhions of thetime: but afterwards rejected and caftafide, yet 
vawilling foto forfake the feruice of man forwhich God had created it, againe it comes 
{as I may terme it) tothe Hammer,from whence it takes a morenoble forme and apti- 
tude to be imployed to Sacred, Ciuill, Forreineand Domefticke vfes. I will not {peake 
of the many and various obiedts of delight that thefe prefent to the fenfes, nor of fundry 
other things, which I could plentifully inthis kinde deliuer: butrather acquaint you 
from what Fountaines this Knowledge may be drawne, by fhewing what Authours haue 
deliuered to vs the Hiftorie of Plants, and after what manner they haue done it, and 
this will be a meanes that many controuerfies may be the more eafily vnderftood by the 
leffe learned and judicious Reader. 

He whofe name we firft finde vpon record (though doubtleffe fome had treated therof 
before that largely writ of Plants,was the wifeft of men,ecuen King So/omonwho certaine- 
lywould not haue medled with this fubie@,ifhe in his wifedome had not knowne it wor- 
thy himfelfe,and exceeding fitting: Firft for the honour ofhis Creator, whofe gifts and 
bleffings thefeare’: Secondly for the good of his Subieés,whercofwithout doubr,he in 
this worke had a fpeciall regard in the curing of their difeafes and infirmities. But this 
kingly worke being loft, I will not infift vpon it,but come to fuchas are yet extant, of 
which (following the courfe of antiquitie) that of Theophraflus firft takes place. 

Now Theophraflus {ucceeded CA7iffotle in the gouernement of the Schoole at Athens, 
about the 114 Olymp.which was fome 322 yeares before Chrift. He among many other 
thingswrita Hiftorie of Plants inten bookes,and of the caufes of them,eight bookes;of 
the former ten there are nine come to our times reafonable perfe &; but there now remain 
but fix of the eight of the caufes of Plants. Some looking vpon the Caralogueof the 
bookes of TAcophrajus his writing, {et forth inhis life, written by Diogenes Laertius, may 
wonder that they finde no mention of thefe bookes of Plants, amongft thefehe reckons 
vp,and indeed I thought it fomewhat ftrange,and fo much the more,becaufe this his life 
is fet forth by Daniel Heinfius before his * Edition of Theophraflus, and there alfo no men- 
tion neither in the Greeke nor Latine of thofe workes. Coniidering this, I thinking to 
haue faid fomething therof I found the doubt was long fince cleared by the learned Cay- 
fabone in his notes vpon “ Laertins,where pag. 331. for tei puantricpc,and yymtr ends, hee 
wifhes you to reade Mer eoneiv spr and em% Thus being certaine of the Authour,let mee 
fay fomewhat of the work,which though by the iniurie of time it hath futfered much, 


yet is it one of the chicfe picces of Antiquitie, from whence the knowledge of Plants is 
to 


+ SSS ese sisianenasianiesasciieeissisasesarsrvascaees >= 


Tothe Reader. 


— — 


writing ,foraccording as 4riftorle hath deliueredihis Hiftoria Animalium, fo hath hee fer 


ai 


sini diawnes. Theophra fis as he followed Ariftotle inthe Schoole;fo alfoin his manner of 


forth this of Plants,not by. writing of each fpecies in particular, but of their differences and Theoph.Hif. 


naturesby their parts,affections, generations and life. Which how harda thing it was, hee tells 
you in hisfecond Chaptet,and renders you this reafon, Becaufe there ss nothing common to 
all Plants,as the mouth and belly is to ather living creatures,8cc. Now by this mannet of wri- 
ting you may learne the generall. differences and affeAionsof Plants,burcannot come to 
the particular knowledge ofany without much labour : for you muft goe to many places 
to gathervp the defcription’ of one Plant: neither doth hee, (nor is it neceffarie for any 
writing in this mannet)make mention of any great number, and of many it may bec but 
once. His workes being in Grecke were tranflated into Latine by Theodore Gaza,who did 
them but Greca fide for he omitted fome things, otherwhiies rendred them contraty tothe 
minde of the Author :burabouc all, he tooke to. himfel fe too much libertie in giuing of 
names in imitation of the Grecke,or of his owne:inuention, when it had beene better by 
much for his Reader ta.haue had them in the Grecke,as when he renders ‘Baanipior, Agitato- 
rium, inosine, Solaris, 8cc. The learned Julius Scaliger hath fet forth ‘Animaduerfiones vpon 
thefe bookes,wherein he hath both much explained the minde of F heophraftus,and fhew- 
ed ithe ertours of Gaza. Some fince his time haue promifed to do fomething to this Au- 
thor,as Danjel Hernfins,and Spicelins,put twentie yeares are paft: fince, and T haye not yet 
heard. ofany thing done in this kinde by either of them. Thus much for Theophraftus. 
Letmenotpafic ouer zi ffotle in filence,though his bookes writ of this fubie@ were 
but two,and thefe according tothe conie ture of Julius Scaliger (who hath made a large 
and curious examination of them)haue either perithed,or come to vs notas they were o: 
siginallywritten-by Arifforle but as they hauebeen by fome later man put into Greeke, 
Among ftotherthings Scaliger hath thefe concerning thofe two bookes : Reor & textring 
Theophraftintetracta fila quedam,i(q, clavos additos tametfi mequeraureos, neque purpurcos. Quad 
Si protinus antorer tib: dari us ad Arabum dilicentiam — accedit: And afterwards thus : 
sAttribuere viri doctisalius alij, at quidem qui aliorum viderenrnibil Planudem autorem facien- 
t4 malim affentiri sextant enim illins alyjs in libris fimilis veftigiafemilatinieratis, Bcc. Thus much 
for Arifforle,whom as you fee I haue placed after his Scholler, becaufe there is fuch doubt 
of thefe bookes carried about in his name, and forthat Scaligeras you fee thinks them 
sather taken out of Fheophra/tus,than written by. his Mafter. 
__ Thenext that orderly followes is Pedacins Diofcorides Anazarbens, who lined (accor. 
ding to Suédas)in the time of Cleopatra,which was fome few yeares before the birth of our 
Pinions: New Swidas hath confounded * Diofcorides Anaxarbeus with Diofcorides Phacas,but 
y fome places in Galenyou may fee they were different men: for out Anazarbean Diofio- 
vides was of the Empericke fe&,but the other was a follower of Herophylus and. of the Rae 
tional! fect. He writ not only of Plants,but de tora materia medica} towhich ftudie hee was 
addiéted euen from his childe-hood, which made him trauellmuch ground, and leade a 
militarie life, the better to accomplifh his ends:and in this he attained to that perfection, 
that few ornone {ince his time haue attained to, of the excellencie of his worke;which is 


Pil s.capit, 


Znucion H Wyse 
AVY ervey xonyor Asse 
Corb ausiy Varape 
Roe : 


Arifotls 


Diofcovides, 


AiPonopidie Aran, 
Saplais “lakes & 
Pamrordic gaxsif 
oe Said 


as it were the foundation and ground-worke of all chat hath been fince  deliuered in this De fimpl.med, 
nature, Heare what Galea one of the excellenteft of Phy fitions,and one who {pent nofmal féw.ib.s. 


time in this ftudy,affirmes : But, faith he,the Anazarbean Diofcorides in fiue bookes hath ? 


written of the neceffarie matter of medicine, not onely making mention of herbes, but 


roer. 


alfo of trees, fruits, « liquouts and iuices, as alfo-of all minerallsjand of the parts Of Li- zaarginis 


uing creatures :and in mine opinion he hath with the greateft perfe Aion performed this 
worke ofthe matter of Medicine : for although many before him haue written well vp- 
on this fubieé,yet none hane writ fowell of all. Now Diofcorides followes not the method 
of ys eae treats of cach kinde of herbe in patticular,firfk giuing the niames,then 
the defcription,and then the: place where they vfually grow, and laftly their vertues. Yer 
offome,which then were as frequently knownewith them,as Sage, Rofemary, an Afh or 
Oke tree are with vs,he hath omitted thé defcriptions,as not neceffarie, as indeed ar that 
time when they were fovulgarly knowne,they might feeme foto be: but now wee know 
the leaft of thefe,and haue no certaintie,but fome probable conieaures dodireétvs to the 
knowledge of them, He was not curious about his words nor method, but’ plainely and 
truly deliuered thar whereofhe had certaine and experimentall knowledge, concerning 
the defcription and nature of Plants. But the generall method he obferued youmay finde 
fet forth by Bawhine in his Edition of aatehiolys,immediatly after the preface of the firft 
booke,wheretol refer the curious,being roo long for me inthis place to infftvpon. His 

193 workes 


i 


ao CEES RR 


To The Reader. 


Galen. 
Panles. 
Aetins. 


Bact 


Apuleinss 


workes that haue come to vsare fine bookes de materia wMedica, One deletalilus vcnents, 
coruma, pracantiene et curatione : another de Cane rabido, deq; nolis que mor fus idinjve antmalt 
um venenum relingsentium fequentur s athitd De corum cur atsove. Thete eight bookes with- 
in thefe two laft centuries of yearcs havie been tranflated out of Greeke into Latine, and 
commented vpon by:diuers,as Hermolans Barbarus,lobannes Kuellins, Marcellus Virgilius ,&e. 
But of thefeand the reft,as they offerthemfelues,! thall fay fomewhat hereafter. There 
is alfo another worke which goes vnder his name,and-may well be his. It istysaapcut (7 
ue de facile parabilibus diuided into twobookes,tranflated and confirmed with the confent 
of other Greeke Phyfitions, by the great labour of John <Moibane a Phyfitionof Auf- 
purge, who liuednot to finith it, but left irtobee perfected and fer forth by Comrade 
Gefner. 

cae next that takes place is the laborious Caius Plinias fecundus,who liued in the time 
of V ¢fpafian,and was faffocated by the fulphurcous vapours that came from mount Vefit- 
vius, falling atthat time on fire,he through ouermuch curiofitie to fee and finde ourthe 
caufe thereof approching too nigh,and this was 440 Domini, 79. Hetead and writ ex- 
ceeding much,though by the iniurie of time wee haue no more of his than 37. books 
de Hiftoria Mundi. which alfohaue received fuch waunds,as have tried the belt skill of 
our Critickes, and yet inmy opinion in fome places require med:cas manus. From the 
twelfth to the end of the twentie feuenth of thefe bookes hetreats of Plants, more from 
what he found written in other Authors,than from any certaine knowledge of his owne, 
in many places following the method and giuing the words of Theupbraftus, and in other 
places thofe of Dio/corides though he neuer maké mention of the later of them r he alfo 
mentions,and no queftion followed many other Authors,whofewritings haue long fince 
perithed. Sometimes he is pretty large,and otherwhiles fo briefe, that fcarce any thing 
can thence be'gathered. From the feventeenth vatothe tentie feucath be varioufly han: 
dies them,what method you may quickly fee by his E/sc4us,contained inbis firft book, 
but ifi the twenty {euenth hee handles thofe whereof hee had made no, or not fufficient 
mention,afteran Alphabetical order, beginning with Brhyopis, Ageratum, Aloe, &c.fo 
going on tothe reft. 

I muft not paffe over if filence,neither need Tong infift vpon Gales, Paulus Agineta, 
and _ 4etixs,for they haueonly alphabetically named Plants and other fimple Medicines, 
briefely mentioning their temperature and facultics,withoutdefcriptions(fomevery few, 
and thofe briefe ones, excepted)and other things pertinent to their hiftorie. 

The next that prefent themfelues are two counterfrits, who abufe the World vnder 
feined titles,and their names haue much more antiquitie than theworks themfelues: the 
firft goes vnder the title of -ilivs Macer a famous Poet, of whom Oas4makes mention 
inthefe verfes: 

Sape fas volucres legit mihi grandisr avo, 
Quaq; nocet Serpens qua inuat herba Macer. 


Pliny alfomakes mention of this eAacer : hee inhis Poems imitated Nicander,but this 
worke that now is carried about vnder his name, is written ina rude, and fomewhatbar- 
barous verfe, far different from the ftile of thofe times wherein Macer liued,and no way in 
the fubie& immitating Nzcander. It feemes to haue beene writrenabout 400 or 500 
yeares agoe, 

The other al fo is ofan vnknowne Author, to whom the Printers haue giuen the title 
of Apuleius Madaurenfis, and fome haue been fo abfurdly bold of late, as to put itvnto the 
workes of 4puleius yet the vncurious {tile and method of the whole booke will con- 
uince them of errour, if there were no other argumenr, I hauefeene fome foure manu- 
feripts of this Authour,and heard ofa fifth, and all ofthem feeme to bee of good Anti- 
quitie :the figures of them all for the moft part haue*fome refemblance each of other : 
the firft of thefe I faw fome nine yeares agoe with that worthy louer and ftorer of Anti- 
quities, Sir Robert Cotton + it was ina faite Saxon hand, and as I remember in the Saxon 
tongue; but what title itcarried,I at that time was not curious to obferue. I faw alfo 
another after that,which feemed not to be ofany {mall ftanding, but carelefly obferued 
notthetitle. But fince [being informed by my friend Mafter Goodyer (as you may finde 
inthe Chapter of Saxifrage of the Antients) that his Matufcript which was very anti- 
ent,acknowled ged no fuch Author as Apuletus, I begunnea little toexamine fome other 
Manu(cripts, fo I procured a very faireone of my much honored friend S*. Thead. Mayer: 
inthe veriebeginning of this is writ, Iw Aoc continentur libri quatuor medicine Tpocratis, Pla- 
tonis Apolienfis urbis de dinerfis herbis ; Sexti Papiri placiti ex Animalibus, ec. A little after 


n 


paneer eee 


Tothe Reader: 


{nthe fame.pageatthe beginning of a table which is of thevertues, ate thefe words} mm 
primo libro [unt herba defcripta,quas Apolienfis Plato defcripfitscro. and thus alfo he is named 
inthe title of the Epiftle or Proeme;butat the end of the worke is explicit Lber Platonis 
de herbis mafculinis,8cc. “ith this in all thingsagrees that of M?. Goodyer;as he hath affir. 
med tome. Befides thefe,L found onewith M’. Joba Tradefcant; which was written’in 4 
more ignorant and barbarous time,as one may conieCure by:the title,which is thusatthe 
very beginning. Inmomine dominiincipit H. erboralium Apules Platonis quod accepit a Scolapioe 
Chirone Centauro magifixo. Then followes (as alfo in the former,and inthe printed bookes) 
the tract afcribed to Antonius Mufa,de herba Betonica: after that are thefe words, Liber 
Medicine Platonis herbaticus explicit. By this it feemes the Author of thisworke either was 
named jor elfe called himfelfe P/ato, a thing not without examplein thefe times. This 
workevwas firtt printed at Bafill 1528. amongft fome atherworkes of Phyficke,andone 
Albanzs Torinus {er it forth by thehelpe of many Manuferipts,of whofe imperfe ions he 
much complaines,and J thinkenot without caufe :after this,Gabriel Humelbergius of Ra- 
uenf{purgein Germany fet it forth witha Comment vpon it, whoalfo complaineso the 
imperfections of his copies,and thinkes the worke not perfect: indeed both the editions 
are faultie in many places: and by the help of thefe Manufcripts I haue feen they might 
bemended, (ifany thought icworth their labour) in fome things,as I obferued incurfori- 
ly looking ouer them... One thing I much maruell at,which is, thar I finde nat this Au- 
thar-mentioned in.any VVriterofthe middletimes, as Platcarius ,Bartholomeus Udaglus, 
&«c.. Now I conic@ure this worke was originally written in Grecke, for thefe realons: 
firft,becaufe ithath the Greeke names in {uch plenty,and many of them proper, fignifi- 
canc,and inthe firt place: Secondly fomeare onely named in Greeke, as Hierobulton, Ar- 
temifia Leptophyllossand Artemifiatagantes,Batrachiun,Gryas (which l iudge rather Greeke 
than Latine) &c. Befides in both thewritten bookes in very many places amongtt the 
names I finde this word omocos,but diuerfly written ; for I coniecture the Greeke names 
were written in the Greeke chatacter, and  éw/#e amongft them ; and thenalfo when-the 
eft of che workewas tranflated,which afterwards made the tranfcribers who vnderftood 
itnot towrite it varioufly,for in the one booke it is alwaies written Amecos,and in the o- 
ther Omoees, and fomtimes Omeos,as in the Chapter of Brittavica,the one hath it thus,No- 
men herbeiftinus Britanica, Amocos dicunt eam Damafinium,&c. The otherthus : Nomen ber 
be Brittanica,Omeos Damafinins,8cc.& in the chap.of 4/thea the one hath irthus: Nomen hy- 
ius herba Altea Amocos vacant hanc herbam Moloche,&c. The other Nomen herbe Ibifcus o- 
moeos Moloce, &c. If itbe certainewhich Philip Ferrarius affrmes inhis Lexicon Geogra- 
Phicum,that the citie Apoley is Conftantinople, then haue 1 found  4polienfis urbu, of 
which I canfinde.no mention in any antient or moderne Geographer betides; and then it 
is more than probable that this was written in Greeke, and it may be thought differently 
tranflated,which occafions fuch dinerfitie in the copies,as you fhall finde in fome places. 
Now I conieture this worke was written about fome 600. yeares agoe. 

From thefe Antients haue fprung all,or the greateft part of the knowledge, that the 
middle or later times haue had of Plants;and all the controuerfics that of late hane fo 
fiuffed the bookes-of fuch as haue writ of this fubie@,had their beginning by reafon that 
the carelefneffe of themiddle times were fuch, that they knew little but what they tran- 
{cribed out of thee Antients,neuer endeuouring to acquiteany perfeét knowledge of the 
things chemfelues : fo rhatwhen as learning (after a long Winter) began to {pring vp a- 

“gaine,men began to be fomwhat more curious,and by the notes aad defcriptions in thefe 
antient Authors they hauc laboured toreftore this loft knowledge; making inquirie,firft 
whether it were knowne by Theophraftus, Diofcorides,or any of the Antients, then by what 
fame. But toreturne to my Authors. 

About 42.Dom.croo.ora little after, lined the Arabians Auicen,Auerrhees,Mefve,Rha-The Arabians, 
fis and Serapio,mott of thefe writ but briefely of this fubiecsneither haue we theirworks 
inthe Arabicke wherein they werewritten,butbarbaroufly tranflated’ into Latine, and 
moft part of thefe workes were by them taken out of the Greekes, efpecially Dioftorides 
and Galen.yet foas they added fomewhat of their own,and otherwhiles confounded other 
things with thofe mentioned by the Greekes, becaufe they did not well know the things 
whereof they writ. Axicen,Auerrhoes, and Rhafis alphabetically and briefly( following the 
method of Galen) giue the names,temperature,and vertues, of rhe chiefett fimple medi-syicen, 
cines. But Serapio after a particular trad of the temperature and qualities of fimple medi 4uerrbve:, 
cines in general, comestotreat of them in particular, and therein followes chiefely Di : 
ofcorides, Galen,and Panlys,and diuers Arabians that went before him. ‘This is the chiefe 
worke inthis kinde of the Agabians, which haue come to vs; he himfelfe tells vs his me- 

‘ Saati. 347 EHOUG 


es. 


ae 


‘ 


- 


a aE ee nh a — agg 


—— ees 


ee ee 
ie a a 


a2 


— 


| 


ToThé Reader. 


thod in his preface, which is(when he comes to particulars) firft of medicines temperate, 

then of thofe thatare hot and drie in the firft degree.then thofe cold and drie in the fame 

degree: after that,thofe hot and dry in the fecond degree, 8c, and in each of thefe rrads 
he followes the order of the Arabicke Alphabet. 
Inor after the times of the Arabians vntillabout the yeare 1400. There were diuers 
obfcure and barbarous writers,who by fight knew little whereof they writ,but tooke out 
ofthe Greekes, Arabians,and one another, all that they writ, giuing commonly rude fi- 
gures,feldome fetting downe any defcriptions : I willonly name the chiefe of themthac 
I haue feene,and as neare as I can gueffe inthat orderthat one of them fucceeded ano- 
ther. For the particular times of their liuing is fomewhat difficult to be found out. One 
Ifadore, of the ancienteft of them feemes tobe I/idore;then Platearins whofe worke is Alphabeti. 
Platearins. — ealand intituled Circa inftans: the next Matthens Sylsaticus,who flourifhed about the yere 
Barthol. Angt. 4319 his worke is called Pandecfe : a little after him was Bartholomeus anglus, whofe 
workes(as that of i/adore,and moft of the reft of thofe times) treat of diuers other things 
befides Plants,as Beats, Birds,Fithes ,c. His worke is called De proprietatibus rerum:the 
Authors name was Bartholmew Glanuill,who was defcended of the Noble Family of the 
Earles of Suffolke , and he wrore this wotke in Edward the thirds rime, about the yeare 

Hortus fanitat. of our Lord,1397. Afterall thefe,and much like them is the Hortus fanitatis whofe Au- 
thorI know not. But to leaue thefe obfcure men and their writings, let me reckon fome 
of later time,who with much more Iearning and iudgement haue endeuoured toilluftrat 
this part of Phyficke. 

About fome 200 yeare agoe learning againe beginning to flourith, diuers begunne to 
leaue and loath the confufed and barbarous writings of the middle times, and to haue re- 
courfc to the Antients,from whence together with puritie of language, they might ac- 
quire a more certaine knowledge of the things treated of, which was wanting in the o- 

Hermol, Barbe ther, Oneof the firft that tooke paines in this kinde was Hermolaus Barbarus Patriarch 
of Aquileia,who not onely tranflated Diofcorides, butwrita Commentarie vpon him in 
fiue bookes,which he calls his Corollarium s in thisworke hee hath fhewed himfelfeboth 
iudicious and learned. 

Mere Ving. After him Marcellus Virgilins Sectetaric to the State of Florence,a man of no leffe lear- 
ning and indgement than the former, fet forth Diofcorides in Greeke and Latine with a 

Comment vpon him. \ 

Webn, Rattle: Muchabout their time alfo ohn Ruellius a French Phyfition,who flourifhed in the yere 
1480,tranflated Déofcorides into Latine,whofe tranflation hath been the moft followed 
ofall the reft. Moreouer he fet fortha large worke, De zatura Stirpium, diuided into three 
bookes,wherein he hath accurately gathered all things out of fundry Writers, efpecially 
the Greekesand Latines ; for firft hauing (afterthe manner Of Theophraftus) delivered 
fome common precepts and A duertifements pertaining to the forme,life,generation, or- 
dering, and other fuch accidents of plants; he thencomes to the particular handling of 
each /pecies. ; 

Much about this time, the Germanes began tobeautifie this fo neceflary part of 
Phyficke; and among{t them othe Brunfelfins a Phy ition of good account, writof plants, 
and was the firft that gaue the liuely figuresof them; buthe treated notinall ofaboue 
288 Plants. He commonly obferues this method in his particular chapters : Firft the - 
gure (yet he giues nor the figures of all he writes of ) then the Grecke, Latine, and Ger- 
mane names; after that the defcription and hiftoric out of moft former Authors,then the 
temperature and vertues ,and laftly,che Authours names that had treated of them. His 
worke is inthree parts or tomes, the firft was printed int 530.thefecond inr 533,and the 
third in 1536. 

HieronTragus, Next after him was Hieronymus Tragus a learned ingenious,and honeft writer, who fet 
forth his workes in the German tongue,which were fhortly after tranflated into Latine 
by Dawid Kiber, He treats of moft of the Plants commonly growing in Germany,& I can 
obferue no generall method he keepes,but his particular one is commonly this: hee firft 
giucs the figure with the Latine and high Dutchname; thencommonly a good defcrip- 
tion,afer that the names,then the temperature,and laftly the vertues, fir inwardly, then 
outwardly vied. He hath figured fome 5 67,and defcribed fome 800.his figures are good , 
(and fo are moft of the reft that follow.) His workes were fer forth in Latine » 42.1552. 

Leoaerrich.  Inhis time lined Leomhartus Fuchfius,a German Phyfition, being alfoa learned and di- 

ligent writer,burhe hath taken many of his defcriptions as alfo vertues word forword ont 

of the Antients,and ro rhem hath put figures;his generall method is afterthe Greek Al- 
phabet,and his particular one thus: Firft the names in Greeke and Latine, together oft: 
times 


Otho Bravfel. 


To the Reader. 


times with their Etymologies,as alfo the German and French names, then the kinds after 


that the forme,the place, time,temperature, then the vertues : firftout of the Antients,as 
Diofcorides,Galen,Pliny,exc.and fometimes ftom the late Writers,whom he doth nor par- 
ticularize, but expreffes in generdll ex recentioribus. His worke was fet forth at Bai I 5 25 
in Fol.containing, § 1 6 figures,alfo they were fer forth ino #avo,the hiftorie fit with all 
the figures by themfelues together at the end with the Latine and high Dutch names. 

About this time,and a little after,flourifhed Comrade Gefner alfo a German Phyfition, 
who fer forth divers things of this nature,but yet liued not to finith the greatand genera] 
worke of Plants, which he for many yeres intended,and about which he had taken a gteat 
deale of paines,as may be gathered by his Epiftles. He wasa very learned,painfull,bonett 
and indicious writer,as may appeare by his many & great workes,whcroftho(e of Plants 
were firfta bricfe Alphabeticall Hiftoric of plants without figures, gathered out of Diof- 
eorides .T heopbraftus, Pliny,scc. with the vertues briefely,and for the moft part taken out of 
Paslus Aigineta,with their names in Greek and French putin the margent:this was prin- 
ted at Venice,1541,in a {mall forme.He fet forth a catalogue of Plants,in Latin,Greeke, 
high-Dutch and French, printed at Zurich,1542. Alfo another tra& De Lunarys & notn 
Lucentibus cum montis fract: five Pilati Lucernatum defiriptione, An.x 552in quarto. Healfo fet 
forth the foure Books of Valerius Cordus(who died in his time)and his Sylua obferuationum 
at Strausburgh, t5 61.in fol. and to thefe he added a Catalogue of the Germane Gardens 
withan Appendix and Corollarium to Cordus his Hiftorie, Alo another trearife of his De 

Stirpinm collecionewas fet forth at Zurich by Wolphius, An. 15 87,10 Odfavo. 

At the fametime lived Adam Lonicerus a Phy ition of Frankeford, whole natural! hi- 
ftoriewas there printed, 4m, 1551,and the firft part thereofis of Plants;and foure yeres af. 
ter headded another part thereto,treating alfoof Plants. I findeno generall method ob- 
ferued by him,but his particular method vfually is this:firft he giues the figure, then the 
names in Latine and Dutch, then the temperature, &c.as in Tragus,from whom & Cordus, 
he borrows the moft part of his firfttome,as he doth the 2.ftom Matth.& Aysat Lufitanus, 

In his time the Italian Phyfition Petrus Andreas Matthiolus tet forth his Commenta- 
ries vpon Diofcorides, firft in Italian with: 57 large andvery faire figures, and then after- 
wards in Latineat Venice,with the fame figures, 47.1568. After this he fet forth his Epi- 
tome in Quvartowith 921 {imaller figures. Now thefe his Commentaries are very large; 
and he hath in them deliuered the hiftorie of many Plants not mentioned by Diofcorides, 
buthe is iuftly reprehended by fome, for that he cuery where taxes and notes other Wri- 
ters,when as he himfelfe runs into many errours,and fome of them wilful| ones, as when 
he giues figures framed by his owne fancte,as that of Dracontium mains, Rhabarbarvm,&cc. 
and falfified otherfome in part,the better tomake them agree with Déofcor7, his defcrip- 
tionjas when he pi@ures Arbor Inde with prickles,and giues it for the true Acatiz: and he 
oft-times giues bare figures without defcription of his owne,but faith, it is that decribed 
by Dioftorides, Nullis reclamantibus notis,for which the Authors of the Aduerfaria much de- 
claime again{t him.It had bin fit for him.or any one that takes fucha worke in hand, to 
haue thewed by defcribing the plant he giues, and conferring it with the defcription of 
his Author,that there is not any one note wanting in the defcription,vertues,or other par- 
ticulars which his Author fers downe; and ifhee can thew that his is fuch, then will the: 
contrary opinions of all others fall of themfelues,and need noconfutation. 

‘Amatus Lufitavus alfo about the fame time fet forth Commentaries vpon Diofcorides, 
adding the names in diuers Languages but without figures,at Strausbourgh, 47.15 54.in 
Quarto she diffented from Matthrolus in many things;whereupon Matthiolus writan Apo- 
logic againft him.Heé hath performed no great matter in his Enarrations vpon Diofcorides, 
butwas an Author of the honeftie of Matthiolus,foras theone deceiued the world with 
counterfeit figures, fo the other by feined cures to ftrengrhen his opinion,as Crato ind- 
ges of his Curationes Medicinales (another worke ofhis) which hee thinkes, potius fidte,quam 
fathe. 

Rembertus Dodoners aPhyfition borne at Mechlin in Brabant, about this tinie begun to 
write of Plants. Hee firft{et foorth a Hiftorie in Dutch, which by Clufius was turned 
into French, with fome ‘additions, uno Domini, 1560. And this was tranflated our of 
French into Englifh by Mafter Henry Lite,and fer forth with figures, 440 Dom.1578.and 
diuers times fince printed, but without Figures. Inthe yeare 1552, Dodoneus fer forth 
1n Latine his Fragum Hifforia,and within awhile after his F lorum,pureantium, ¢y deleteria- 
rune Hiftoria. Atterwards bee put them all together , his former, and thofe his later 
Workes, and diuided them into thirtic Bookes, and fet them forthwith 1305 figures, ir 
Se! An,1583, This edition wasalfo tranflated into Englith,which became the foundation 


© of 


Convade Gef= 
4 


DET o. 


Lowiterus. - 


P.And. Mar, 
thiolkss 


Amatus T ufita 
RUS, 


Remb, Dodoi? 


i 
. 


So a 
ee 


on 


SS 


eli Ae oat ga 


mtorr 


a 


Seas =S 


— 


= 


Peter Pena. 
Matth Lobel, 


Garol.Clufins. 


Honor Bells, 


rohn Pora. 


Tothe Reader, 


of this prefent Worke, as I (hall thew hereafter. Ithath fincebeene printed in Latine, 
with the addition of fome few new figures: and of late in Dutch, Amo 1618.with the ad- 
dition of the fame figures , and moft of thefe in the Exoticks Of Clifizs, and great ftore of 
other additions. His general! method is this : firft he diuides his Works into fix Pemp- 
tades or fines : the fifth Pemptas or fiue bookes ofthefe containe Plants inan Alphabe- 
ticall order, yet fo as that other Plants that haue affinitie with them are comprchended 
with them,though they fall not into the order of the Alphabet. The fecond Pempt.con- 
taines Flores Goronarij, Planta odorata cy vmbellifere. Thethird is De Radicibus, Purcantibus 
Herbis, convolvulis, deleterijs ac perniciofis Plantis, Filicibus, Mufcis ¢ Fungis. The fourth is 
De Frumentis, Legumimbus, paluftribus cy aquatilibus. The fifth, De Oleribus & Carduis. The 
fixth, de Fruticibus & Arberibus. The particular method is the fame vfed by our Au- 

thor. 

Inthe yeare 1570, Peter Penaand Matthias Lobel did here at London fet forth a Worke, 
entituled Starpium Aducr{aria noua; the chiefe end and intention whereof being to find out 
the Materia medica of the Antients. The generall method is the fame with that of our 
Author, which is, putting things together as they haue moft refemblance one with ano- 
ther in external] forme, beginning with Grafles, Cornes, &c. They giue few figures,bur 
fometimes refer you to Fuch/ius, Dodoneus, and Matthiolus : burwhere the figure was nor 
giuen by former Authors, then they commonly giue it ; yet moft part of thele figures are 
very {mall and ynperfe@, by reafon (as I conieGture) they were taken from dried plants, 
In this Worke they infift little vpon the vertues of Plants, but fuccinaly handle contro- 
uerfies, and giue their opinions of Plants, together with their defcriptions and names, 
which fometimes are in all thefe languages, Greeke,Latine,French,high and low Dutch, 
and Englith: otherwhiles in but one or two ofthem. Some: Writers for this Work call 
them Doédti(imi Angli ; yet neither of them were borne here, for Pena (as I take it) was a 
French man, and Lobel was borne at Ryffele in Flanders, yet lived moft part of his later 
time in this Kingdome, and here alfo ended his dayes, Inthe yeare 1576 he fet forth his 
Obferuations, and ioyned them with the —4duerfaria, by them two to make one entire 
Worke: for in his Obferuations he giues moft part of the figures and vertues belonging 
to thofe herbes formerly defcribed onely in the Aduerfaria ; and tothefe alfo adds fome 
mew ones not mentioned in the former Worke. Afterwhich he fer forth an Herbal] in 
Dutch, wherein he comprehended all thofe Plants that were in the two former Workes, 
and added diuers other to them,the Worke containing fome 2116 figures ; which were 
printed afterwards in a longifh forme, with the Latine names, and references tothe La- 
tine and Dutchbookes. Afterall thefe, at London, 420 160s, he againe fet forththe 
Adwer[aria, together with the fecond part thereof, wherein is contained fome fourty fi- 
gures , being moft ofthem of Graffes and Floures ; but the defcriptions were of fome 
too plants,varieties and all. Tothis he addeda Treatife of Balfam (which alfo was fer 
forth alone in Quarto, Aamo 15.98.) and the Pharmacopea of Rondeletjus with Annotations 
vponit. Heintended another great WVorke, whofe title fhould haue beene Stirpium Illy 


Jfirationes,but was preuented by death, 


Some {ix yeares after the Edition ofthe Aduerfaria, Anno 15.76, that learned, diligent, 
and laborious Herbarift Carol. Clufizs fer forth his Spanith Obferuations, hauing to this 
purpofe trauelled ouer a great part of Spaine; and being afterwards called to the Impe- 
niall Court by Maximilian the {econd, he viewed Auftria and the adiacent prouinces, and 

fet forth his there Obferuation, 4ano 1583. Healfo tranflated ont of Spanifh the Works - 
Of Garcids ab Ortaand Chriftopher Acofta, treating of the fimple medicines of the Eat In. 
dies, and Nicolas Monardus, who writ of thofe of the Weft Indies. After this he pur into 
one body both his Spanith and Pannonicke Obferuations, with fome other, and thofe he 
comprehends in fix bookes, entituled Rariorum Plantarum Historia : whereto healfo addes 
an Appendix, a treatife of Mufhroms, fix Epiftles treating of Plants,from Honorins Bellus 
an Italian Phyfition lining at Cydonia in Candy ;,as alfo the defcription of mount Bal- 
dus, being a Catalogue with the defcription and figures of fome rare and not beforewrit- 
ten of Plants there growing, written by Zohw Powaan Apothecarie of Verona (This De- 
feription of Pora’s was afterwards with fome new deferiptions and thirty fix figures fer 
forth alone in Quarto, 47.1608.) This firft Volume of Clufius was printed in Antwerp, 
_47n0 1601, in Folio: and inthe yeare 1 605 healfo in Folio fet forth inanother volume 
fix bookes of Exoticks containing various matter, as plants, or fome particles of them, as 
Fruits, Woods, Barks, &c,as alfo the forenamed tranflations of Garcias, Acoffasand Mo- 
nardus : Three Tra&s befides of the fame Monardus the firft, De lapide Bezaar, éy Herba 
Scorfonera, The fecond, De Ferro & eins faculatibus : The third,De Nine cy cius commode, 
, Te 


To the Reader: 


To thefe he alfo added Bellonias his Obferuations or Singularities,and atra& of the fame 
Author, De neglecta Stirpium cultura, both formerly tranflated out of French inwo Latine 
by him. Hewas borne at Atrebasor Arras, the chiefe city of Artois, 4£7n0 1526. and 
diedat Leyden, 42.1609. After his death, by Euerard Vorftins, Pacer Paw,or fome o- 
thersywere fet forth fome additions and emendations ofhis former Works,together with 
his funcrall Oration made by Vorstivs, his Epitaph, &c. in Quarto, w4vn0 1611, by the 
name of his Cura Poflcriores, . 
In the yeare 1583, Andreas Cefalpinus an Italian Phyfition, and Profeffor at Pifa, fer 414rC«/élp. 
forth an hiftorie of Plants, comprehended in fixteene bookes: his Worke iswithout fi- 
gutes, and he oft times giues the Tufcane names for Latine ; wherefore his worke is the 
more difficult to be vnderftood, vnleffe itbe by fich as haue been in Tufcanie,or elfe are 
already well exercifed in this ftudy, He commonly in his ownewords diligently for the 
moft part defcribes ¢ach Plant, andthen makes‘enquirie whether they were knowne by 
the Antients, He feldome fers downe their faculties, ynicffe of fome, towhich former 
Writers haue put downe none. Inthe firft booke he treats of Plants in generall , accoré 
ding as Theophrafiws doth but in the following bookes hee handles them in particular: 
he one the chiefe affinity of Plants to confift in rhe fimilitude of their feeds and feed 
veflels. 
Toachimus Cameravins a Phy fition of Noremberg flourifhed about this time: Hee fer s0ach. camer: 
forth the Epitome of catatrhiolws, with fomeadditions and accurate figures, in Quarto, 
at Brankfore,-1586 : in the end ofwhich Worke (as alfo in thar fet forth by catatthiolus 
himfelfe) is-/ter Baldi,or a journey from Verona to mount Baldus,written by Francis Cal= gp.calccolarins 
ceolarius an Apothecarie of Verona. Another Worke of Camerarius was his Hortus Me. 
dicus, being an Alphabetical! enumeration of Plants, wherein is fer forth many things 
concething the names, ordering, vertues, &c,of Plants. Tothis he anexed Ayrcinia Saxo- 
norkuringica lohannis Thali, or analphabeticall Cataloguewritten by John Thalivs of fuch tob.thalins, 
Plants as grew in Harkwald a part of Germanie betweene Saxony and Durengen. This 
was printed alfoat Frankfort in Quarto, 47. 1588. 
Inthe'yeare 15 87 came forth the great Hiftorie of Plants printed at Lyons,which is 
therefore vulgarly termed Historia Lugdunenfis : it was begun by Dalechampins : but hee pip rug. 
dying before the finifhing thereof, one John  Molinays fetit forth, but put nothis name 
thereto, Itwas intended tocomprehend all that had written before,and fo it doth, but 
with a great deale of confufion ; which occafioned Bawhine to write a treatife of the crrors 
committed therein, inwhich he fhewes there are about foure hundred figures twice or 
thrice ouer. The whole number of the figures in this Worke are 2686. This Hiftory is 
diuided into eighteene bookes, and the Plants in each booke are put together cither by 
the places oftheir growings, as in Woods,copfes, mountaines, waterie places, 8zc. or by 
their externall {hape,as vmbelliferous, bulbous, &c. or by their qualitics,as purging, 
poyfonous, &c. Heréin are many places of Theophraffus and other antient Writers ex- 
lained. He commonly ineach chapter gives the names, place, forme, vertue, as moft 
otherdo. And at the end thereofthere isan Appendix containing fome Indian plants, 
for the moft part out of Acoffa;as alfo diuers Syrian and Egyptian plants deferibed by Leow.xawoif. 
Reinold Rawol” a Phyfitionof Ausburgh. 
Atthis time, towit Anno 1588, Tacebus Theodorus Taberaamontanus {er forthan Hiftory rabernamons. 
of Plants in the Germane tongue,and {ome twelue yeares after his Figures being in all 
2087, were fer forth inalong forme,with the Latine and high-Dutch names put vnto 
them ; and with thefe fame Figures was this Worke of our Author formerly printed. 
Profper Alpinus a Phy {ition of Padua in Italy, in the yeare 1592 fet fortha Treatife of Prafp.Alpinus’ 
fome Egyptian Plants,with large yet not very accurate figures; he there treats of fome 
46 plants, and ar the end thereof isa Dialogue or Treatife of Balfam. Some fix yeares 
agone, Anno 1627, his Son {er forth two bookes of his fathers, De Plantis Exotics, with 
the figures cut in Braffe : this Worke containes fome 136 Plants. 
Fabius Columna a gentleman of Naples, of the houfe of Columnaof Rome, Am. 159° {et Fib.columnas 
forth a Treatifecalled Phytobafanos, or an Examination of Plants; fot therein he examines 
and afferts fome plants to be fuch and fuch of the Antients:and in the end of this worke 
he giues alfo the hiftorie of fome not formerly deferibed plants. Hee alfo fetforth two 
other bookes, De minus cognitis, or of leffe knowne Plants : the firft of which was prigted 
at Rome, Aynv 1606 ; and the other 1616. He in thefe works, which inall contain little 
aboue two hundred thirty fix plants, fhewes himfelfe a man ofan exquifit iudgment, and 
very learned and diligent, duely examining and weighing each circumftance in the wri- 
tings of the Antients. 
Cafpar 


1 
FI 
| 
} 
+ 
4 


a 


hiaidhis satnclacmapeianiMaia ina oadinanpeeenaduseree 


tf 


To the Reader. 


Cafp. Banbine. 


RafilBefler. 


Aloyf. Anguill, 


Helcbier Guil- 
lasdinus. 


Fer, Imperato. 


wu Turner. 


Hem Lyte. 


lob.Parkinfon, 


Cafpar Baubine, a Phyfition and Profeflor of Bafil, befides his Anatomical! Works, fet 
forth divers of Plants. Aano 1596 he fet forth his Phytopinax, or Index of Plants, wherein 
he followes the beft method that any yet found ;for according to Lobels method (which 
our Author followed)he begins with Graffes, Ruthes, &c. but thenhe briefely giues the 
Etymologie ofthe name in Greeke and Latine, ifany fuch be,and tells you who of the 
Antients writ thereof, and inwhat part of their Works :and laftly (which I chiefly com- 
mend him for) he giues the Syvoninsa’s or {eucrall names of cach plant giuen by each late 
Writer, and quoteth the pages. Now there is nothing more troubles ftichas newly enter 
into this ftudy, than the diuerfitie of names, which fometimes for the fame plant are dif 
ferent in each Author; fome of them notknowing that the plant they mentionwas for- 
merly written of, name itas anew thing ; others knowing it writ of, yer not approuing of 
the name. Inthis Worke he went but through fomehalfe $f the hiftorie of Plants, Af 
ter this, 470 1598, he fet forth Matthiolus his. Commentaries vpon Diofiorides, adding to 
them 330 Figures, and the defcriptions of fifty new ones not formerly defcribed by any 
together with the Synonime’s of all fuch as were defcribed in the WWorke. He alfo Agno 
1613 fet forth Tabernamontanus in Dutch, with fome addition of hiftorie and figures. In 
Anno 1620 he fer forth the Prodromus, or fore-runner of his Theatruw Botanicum , wherein 
he giues a hundred and forty new figures,and defcribes fome fix hundred plants the moft 


not defcribed by others. After this, 4zmo 1623, he fer forth his~Piwax Theatri Botanici,. 


uerall Authors areomitted. This is indeed the Index and fumme of his great and gene 
tall Worke, which fhould coniaine about fix thoufand plants, and was a Worke of fort 
yeares :but he is dead fome nine yeates agone, and yet this his great worke is not inthe 
Preffe,that I can heare of, vi 

Bafil Befler an Apothecarie of Noremberg, 4nzo 1613 fet forth the gardenof the Bi- 
fhop of Eyftet in Bauaria, the figures being very large, and all curioufly cut in braffe,and 
printed vpon the largeft paper : he onely gities the Syonima’s and defcriptions, and dini- 
deth the worke firft into foure parts, according to the foure feafons of the yeare ;and then 
againe he fubdiuides them, each into three, {6 that they agree with the mioneths, putting 
in each Claffis the plants that flourith at that time. 

Thefe are the chiefe and greateft part of thofe that either in Grecke or Latine (whofe 
Works haue come to our hands) haue deliuered tovs the hiftory of Plants ; yet there are 
fomewho haue vfed great diligence to helpe forward this knowledge, whofe names I wil 
not paffe ouer in filence. The firftand antienteft of thefe was 4luyfius Anguillaraa phy- 
fition of Padua,and Prefident of the publique Garden there : his opinions of fome plants 
were fet forth in Italian at Venice, 15 61. 

Melchior Guillandinuswho {uceeeded Anguillara in the garden at Padua, writ an Apolo- 
gie again cMarthiolus, fome Epiftles of plants, and a Commentarie vpon three Chap- 
ters of Pliny, De Papyro. 

Ferantes Imperatus an Apothecary of Naples alfo fet fortha Natural! Hiftorie diuided 
into twenty cight bookes, printed at Naples. 4#v01599. Inthis there is fomething of 
Plants :but I hae not yet feene the opinions of Anguillara, nor this Naturall Hiftorie : 
yet you fhall find frequent mention of both thefe in moft of the forementioned Authors 
that writ in their time, or fince, wherefore [could not omit them. 

Let me now at laft looke home, and fee who we haue had that haue taken pains in this 
kinde.. The firft that I finde worthy ofmention is D'. WiMiam Turner, the firft of whofe 
works that Ihaue feene, was a little booke of the names of herbes, in Greeke,Latine, En- 
glith, Dutch, and French, &c. printedat London dane 1548. Inthe yeare 1551 he fet 
forth his Herbal or Hiftorie of Plants,where he giues the figures of Fuchfius,for the moft 
part: he giues the Names in Latine,Greeke,Dutch,and French : he did not treat of many 
Plants ; hismethod was according to the Latine alphabet. Hewasa man of good iudg- 
mentand Jearning, and wel performed what he tooke in hand. 


whofe method is the fame with his Pytopinax; but the quotatiohs of the pages inthe - 


After this, Dodoaees was tranflated into Englith by M'.Zyte,as I formerly mentioned, 
And fome ycares after, our Author fet forth this Worke, whereof I will prefently treat, 
hauing firft made mention of a Worke fet forth betweene that former Edition, and this 
J now prefent youwithall. 

M*. foha Parkinfon an Apothecarie of this city (yet liuing and labouring for the com- 
mon good) in the yeate 1629 fet fortha Worke by thenameof Parad [us terreftris whete- 
in hegines the figures ofall fuch plants as are preferued in gardens, for the beauty of their 
floures, for vfe in meats or fauces ; and alfo an Orchard ofall trees bearing fruitand fuch 
fhrubsas for their raritie or beauty are kept in Orchards and gardens,with the ordering, 

planting, 


a re EG peg RN BT A a RE 
| Tothe Reader. 


planting and.preferuing of allthefe. In this Worke he hath not fuperficially handled 
thefe things, but accurately defcended to the very varieties in cach {pecies :wlrerefore I 
haue now.and then referted my Reader addiéted to thefe delights,to thisworke efpecial- 
Jy in flouresand fruits, wherein I was loth to fpend toomuch time, efpecially fecing ] 
could adde nothing to what he haddone vpon that fubied before. Healfo there promi- 
{ed another worke, the which I thinke by this time is fit for the Preffe. 
_ Nowam Lat length come to this prefent Worke, whereof I know'you will expe@ I 
fhould fay fomewhat , and I will not fruftrate your expe Gation,but labour to fatistie you 
inall I may, beginning with the Author, then his worke, what itwas, and Jaftly what it 
ow is. 
x For the Author M". ohn Gerard Lean fay little, but what youal{o may gather out of rota Gerard; 
thisworke; which is, he was borne inthe yeare 15 45. in Chefhire, at Namptwich,from 
whence hee came to this city, and betooke himfelfe to Surgerie, wherein his endeauours 
were fuch, as he therein attained to be a Mafter of that worthy profeffion: he liued fome 
ten yeares after the publifhing of this worke, and died'about the yeare 1607. His chiefe 
commendation is, that he out ofa propenfe good will tothe publique aduancement of 
this knowledge, endeauoured to performe therein more than he could well accomplith ; 
which was partly through want of {ufficient learning, as (befides that which he himfelfe 
faith of himfelfe in the chapter of Water Docke)may be gathered by the tranflating of See the for: 
diuers places out of the Adverfaria; as this for one in thedefcription of * 4/fer Atticus, Edition 
P ; ; os a0 & inthe places 
Canles pedales terni aut quaterni : whichis rendred,A ftalke foure or fiue foot long. He alfO herementio: 
by the fame defe& called burnt Barley, * Hordeum diftichon; and diuided the titles of ho- 2° 
nour fromthe name of the perfon whereto they did belong, making two names thereof, »ze> 
beginning one claufe with * Iulins Alexandrinus faith, &c.and the next with, Cafarins Ar- ?-147- 
chiater, faith, Healfowas very little conuerfant in thewritings of the Antients, neither, 
as it may feeme by diners paflages,could heewell diftinguith betweene the antient and 
modernewriters : for he in one place faith,|* Neither by Diofcorides, Fuchfins,or any other ?:5*® 
- antientwriteronceremembred.] Diuers fuch thereare, which I had rather paffe ouer in 
filence, than here fet downe: neither fhould I willingly haue touched hereon; but that I 
haue met with fome that haue too much admired him, as the only learned and iudicious 
writers But let none blame him for thefedefeas, feeing he was neither wanting in pains 
nor goodwill, to performe what he intended; and there are none fo fimple but know, 
that heauy burthens are with moft paines vndergone by theweakeft men: and although 
there were many faults in theworke, yet iudge well of the Author; for as a late writer 
well faith, Falli ¢ hallucinari humanum eft; folitudinem quarat oportet, qui vult cum perfectis CH. li.s.c4.3¢ 
wiuere, Penfanda vitys bona cwin{que funt, & quamaior pars ingeny fletit, eaindicandum de ho- Wig a 
mine eff 
Sol let me acquaint you how, this Worke was made vp. Dodoveus his Pemptades 
comming forth Anno 15 83, were fhortly after tranflated into Englith by D*. Prie/? a phy- 
fition of London, who died either immediately before’or after the finithing ofthis tran- 
flation. This I had firft by the relation of onewho knew D*, Prieft and M*. Gerard : and 
itis apparant by the worke it felfe, which you fhall finde ro containie the Pemptades of 
Dodopeus tranflated, fo that diuers chapters haue {carcea word more or leffe than what 
isin him. But I cannot commend my Author for endeauouring to hide this thing from 
vs, cauilling (though commonly vninftly) with Dedoneus,where{seuer he names him,ma- 
king it a thing of heare-fay, * that D*.Prief# tranflated Dodonaus - when in the Epiftle of sechisEpidic 
his friend M'. Bredwell, prefixed before this worke, are thefe words: [The firft gatherers te he Readers 
outofthe Antients,and augmenters by their owne paines, haue already {pred the odour 
oftheit good names through all the lands of learned habitations ; D*, Prie/f for tranfla~ 
ting {o muchas Dodonaus, hath hereby left a tombe forhis honorable fepulture. M'.Ge- 
zardcomming laft, but not the leaft, hath many waies accommodated the whole worke 
vato our Englith Nation, &c.] Butthatwhich may ferue to cleare all doubts,ifany can 
be ina thing fo manifeft, isa place in Lobels Annotations vpon Rosdeletius his Pharmaco- 
peia, where pag.59. be findes fault with Dodonaus, for vfing barbaroufly the word Seta for 
Sericum : and with D*, Prieft;who (faith he) at the charges of M*. Norton tranflated Dodo- 
neus,and deceiued by this word Seta, committed an abfurd errour in tranflating it a bri- 
ftle, when as it fhouldhaue been filke. This place fo tranflated is tobe feen in the chap- 
ter of the Skarlet Oke, at the letter F, And Zobel well knew thatitwas D*. Prief that. 
committed this error, and therefore blames not M'. Gerard,to whom hee made fhew of 
friendthip, and who was yet liuing:butyerhe covertly gauevs tovnderftand, that the 
worke wherein that errorwascommitted,was a tranflation of Dodomens, and that made by 


199 Dé. Prie(f 


To the Reader. 


D*. Prieft, and fet forth by M'. Norton. Now this tranflation became the ground-worke 
whereupe@n M'.Gerardbuilt vp this Worke: but that it might not appeare a tranflation, 
he changes the generall method of Dodoneus, into that of Lobel, and therein almoft all 
ouer followes his /cones both in method and names, as you may plainly fee inthe Graffes 
and Orchides. To this tranflation he alfo added fome plants out of Clufivs , and others 
fome out of the 4dverfaria,and fome fourteene of his owne not before mentioned. Now 
to this hiftorie figures were wanting, which alfo M'. Norton procured from Frankfort,be- 
ing the fame wherewith the Works of Tabermamontanus were printed in Dutch: but this 
fell crofle for my Author, who (as it feemes) hauing no great iudgement in them, fre- 
quently put one for another :and befides,there were many plants in thofe Authors which 
he followed, which were not in T. abernamontanus,and diuers inhim which they wanted,yer 
he put them all together, and one for another , and oft times by this meanes fo confoun- 
ded all, thatnone could poffibly haue fet them right, vnlefle they knew this cecafion of 
thefe errors. By this meanes, and after this manner was the Worke ofmy Author mad 
vp, which was printed at the charges of M". Norton, An.1597. Wig ndTad 

Now it remaines I acquaint you with what I haue performed in this Edition,which is 
either by mending what wasamifie, or by adding fuch as formerly were wanting : fome 
places I helped by putting out, as the Kindes in the Chapter of Stonecrop, where there 
was butone mentioned. I haue alfo put out the Kindes in diners places elfe where the 
were not very neceflarie, by this meanes to get more roome for things more neceffarie = 
as alfodiuers figuresand defcriptions which were put in two or three places, | haue put 
them out inall but one, yet fo, as that I alwaies giue you notice where they were > andof 
what. Somewords or paffages are alfo put out here and there, which I thinke needleffe 
tomention, Sometimes I mended what was amiffe or defe&iue, by altering or adding 
one or more words, as you may frequently. obferue if you compare the former edition 
with this, in fome few chapters almoft inany place. But I thinke I thall beft fatisfic you 
if I briefely fpecifiewhat is done in each particular, hauing firft acquainted you with 
what my generall intention was : I determined, as wel’as the fhortnef{ ofmy time would 
giue me leaue, to retaine and fer forth Whatfoeuer was formerly inthe bookedeferibed,or 
figured without defcriptions (fome varieties that were not neceffarie excepted) and to 
thefe I intended to adde whatfoeuer was figured by Lobel, Dodoneus, or Clufius ; whofe fi- 
gures we made vie of ; as alfo fuch plants as grow either wilde, or vfual ly in the gardens 

of this kingdome,which were not mentioned by any of the forenamed Authors ; for I 
neither thought it fit norrequifite for me, ambitioufly toaimeat all that Bauhine in his 
Pinax teckons vp, or the Exotickes of Profper _Alpinus containe,not mentioned in the for. 
mer. This was my generall intention. New»come I to particulars, and firlt of figures : 
Thaue, as I faid, made wfe of thofe wherewith the Workes Of Dodoneus, Lobel, and Clu fine 
were formerly printéd,which,though fome of them be not fo fi ghtly,yetare they general. 
ly as truly expreft, and fometimes more. When figures notagreeable to the defcriptions 
were formerly in any place, I giue you notice thereof with a marke of alteration before 
the title, as alfo in the end of the Chapter ; and if they were not formerly in the booke, 
then I giue you themwitha marke of addition. Such as were formerly figured inthe 
booke, though put for other things, and fo hauing nodefeription therein, I haue caufed 
to be new cutand put into their fit places, with defcriptions to them,and only amarke of 
alteration, Thenextare the defcriptions, which I haue in fome places lightly amended, 
without giuing any notice thereof ; but when it is much altered , then giue I you this 
marke + at the beginning thereof ; but if it were fuch as that I could not helpe it but by 
writing a new one, then fhall you finde it with this marke + at the beginning and end 
thereof, as alfowhatfoeuer is added in the whole booke, either in defcriptionor other- 

wife. The next is the Place, which I haue feldome altered, yet in fome places fupplied, 
and in others I haue put doubts, & do fulpecé otherfome to be falfewwhich beeaufe I had 
hot yet viewed, I left as I found. The Time was a thing ofno fuch moment,for any mat- 
ter worth mentioning to be performed vpon, wherefore I will not infift vpon it. Names 
are of great importance,and in them I thould hauebeena little more curious if [had had 
more time, as you may fee Tat the firft haue beene ; but finding it a troublefome worke, 

Thaue onely afterwards where I iudged it moft need full infifted vpon it: Bawhinus his Pj- 
nax may fupply what you in this kinde finde wanting. Inmany places of this worke you 
thal! finde large difcourfes and fometimes contiouerfies handled by our Authour in the 
names ; thefeare for the moft part out of Dodomeus, & fome of them were fo abbreuiated, 
and by that meanes confounded, that I thought it not worth my paines to mend them,fo 
Thaue put them out in fome few places, and referred you tothe places in Dodonens out of 


which 


ec nn 


To the Reader. 


which they were taken,as inthe chapter of Alehoofe : it may be they are nor fo perfect as 
they fhould be in fomevery few other places, (for 1 could nor compare all) but if you 
fufpect any fuch thing, haue recourfe tothat Author,and you fhall finde full fatisfa@tion, 

Now come I to the Femper and Vertues. Thefe commonly were taken forth of the 
fore-mentioned Author, and here and there out of Lode/ls Obferuations, and Camtrarius 
his Hortus medicus. Tothefe healfo adddedfome few Receipts-of his owne: thefe I haue 
notaltered, but here and there fhewed towhich they did moft properly belong ; as alfo 
if found them otherwife than they ought, I noted it ; or if invnfit places, I have tranf- 
ferred them co the right place, and in diuers things whereof our Author hath bin filent, I 
haue fupplied that detect. 

For my additions I will here fay nothing, but refer you tothe immediate enfuing €a- 
talocue, which will enforme youwhat 1s added onely in figure,or defcription,or in both, 
by which, and thefe two formerly mentioned marks, you may fee what is much: altered 
or added in the Work; forthis marke + put either ro figure,or before any claufe, fhews it 
to haue bin otherwife put before; or that claufe whether itbe in defcription, Place, Time, 
Names, or Vertues tobe muchaltered. This other maske + put toa figure fhewes it not 
to haue been formerly in the worke, but now added ; and put inany other place it fhewes 
all is added vntill you come to another of the fame marks. But becaufe it is fomtimes o- 
mitted, I will therefore giue notice in the Evratawhere it fhould be put, in thofe places 
where I obferue either the former or later of them to be wanting, 

Paurther, I mutt acquaint you how there were the defcriptions ofa few plants here and. 
there put in vnfitting places,which made me defcribe them as new added,as Saxifraga ma- 
jor <AMatthioli, Perficaria filiquofa, of which in the chapter of Perficaria therewas an ill de- 
fcription,buta teafonablegood one in the chapter of 4/trantia nigra. Papaner (pinofumwas 
figured and defcribed among ft the Cardyi , now all thefe (as I faid) I added as new in the 
moft fitting places yet found them afterwards defcribed, but put them out all, except 
the laft, whofe hiftorie I ftill retaining ,with a reference to the preceding figure and Hi- 
ftorie, Notealfo, wherefoeuer my Author formerly mentioned C/ufius according to his 
Spanifh or Pannonicke Obferuations, I haue made it, according tohis Hiftoric, which 
containes them both with additions. 

Alfol muft certific you, (becaufe I know it is a thing that fomewill thinke ftrange, 
that the number of the pages in this booke dono more exceed that of the former, canfi- 
dering there is fucha large acceffion of matter and figures) the caufe hercof is,each page 
containes diuers lines more than the former, the lines themfelues alfo being longer ; and 
by the omiffion of defcriptions ang figures put twice orthrice ouer,and the Kindes,vnne- 
ceffarily put in fome places, I gaitied as much asconuenicntly I could,beeing defirous - 
that it might be bound together in one volume. 

Thus haue I thewed what I haue performed in this Worke,entreating you totake this 
my Labor in good part; and ifthere be any defeé therein (as needs there muft in all hu- 
mane works) afcribe it in part to my hafte and many bufineffes,and in fome places to the 
want of {irflicient information, efpecially in Exoticke things, and in other fome, to the 
little conuerfation I formerly had with this Author, before fuch time as (ouercome by 
the importunitie of fome friends, and the generall want of fiicha Worke) I tooke this 
taske vponme. Furthermore I defire,thatnone woald rathly cenfure me for that which I 
haue here done ; but they that know inwhat time I did it,and who themfelues are able to 
do as muchas I haue here performed , for to fuch alone I fhali gine free libertic,and will 

beasreadytoyeeld further fatisfaction if they defire it, concerning any thing I haue 
here afferted, as I thall be apt to negleé& and fcorne the cenfure of the Ignorant and Va- 
fearned, whof know are ftill forward to verifie our Englith prouerbe* 

I muft not in filence paffe over thofe from whom I haue receiued any fauiour or incou- 

ragement, whereby I might be the betterenabled to performe this Taske. In the firft 
place let me remember the onely A ffiftant I had in this Worke,which was M* John Good- 
yer of Maple-Darham in Hamphhire, from whom I receiued many accurate defcriptions, 
and fome other obferuations concerning plants ; the which (defirous to giue euery man 
his due) I haue caufed to be fo printed, as they may be diftinguifhed fromthe reft :and 
thus you fhall know them ; in the beginning is the name of the plantin Latine in a line 
by it felfe, and at the end his name is inferted ; fo that the Reader may eafily finde thofe 
things that I had from him,and I hope together with me will be thankfull to him,that he 

would fo readily impart them for the further increafe of this knowledge. 
M*. George Bowles of Chiffelhurft in Kent muft not here be forgot, for by his trauelfs 
and induflry I hauc had knowledge of diuers plants,which were not thought nor formerly 
qqq 2 knowne 


* A fooles boli 
isfoone fhoty ~ 


ee 


To the Reader, 


homes Hiebes MDOWNE to grow wilde in this kingdcme,as ycu fhall finde by diuers places in this book. 
+ costae My louing friends and fellow Travellers in this ftudy, and of the fame profeffion, whofe 
williams Broad. companie I haue formerly enioyed in fearching oucr a great part of Kent, and whoare | 
eee {till ready to do the like in other places, are here alfo to beremembred, and thatthe ra- 
ner. ther,becaufe this Knowledge among ft vs in this city was almoft loft, or at Jeaft too much 
ie rai neglected, efpecially by thofe towhom it did chiefely belong,and who oughtto be a- 
fhamed of ignorance, efpecially in a thing fo abfolutely neceffaric to their profeffion. | 
They fhould indeed know them as workemen do their tooles, that is readily tocal them | 
by their names, know where to fetch, and whence to procure the beft ofeach kinde ; and 
laftly,how to handle them. 
Ihaue already much excceded the bounds ofan Epiftle,yet haue omitted many things 
of whichI could further haue informed thee Reader, but I will leaue them vntill fuch ° 
time as I findea gratefull acceptance ; or fome other occafion that may againe in- 
uite me to {ct Pen to Paper; which, That it may be for my Countreyes 
good and Gods glory, fhall euer be the prayers and 
Endeauours of thy Well- 


Wither 
From my boufion Snow-hill, 
i Offob. 22.1633. 
Ali 
\ Tuomas lonnson 
i 
“fi 
: ' 
a 
= eet at ee SE eae Me 


Se nS 


eA (atalogue of eAdditions. 


no the markes were not focarefully and right put to thefe Figures, which were 
not formerly in the booke, I haue thought good to giue you the names of all fuch as 
are added,either in figure or defcription,or both : together with the booke, chapter, and 
numberor place they hold ineach chapter. F ftands for figure, D for Defcription, and 
where both areadded,you thall findeboth thefe letters ;and where the letter ¢ is put,the 
Hiftorie of the whole Chapter is added. 


B OOKE I. j Chap.q2. 4.lvzs Byzantina,d, 


Ck: 2. 1. Gram.minrub five Xerampelinum f, 


Chap.§: 3:Gram.arund.minus Dife. 
- Chap. 6. 1 Gram.tement.arundin£. 
2.Gram.pan.clegans d, 
Chap.8 3.Gram.typhoides pica lengif.d. 
Chap.13. 3.Gram. Panic, (pic. fimp.ds 
Chap.14. 1 Gram.palechin.s, 
3. Gram.capit glob.d, 
4.Gram.montechixd, 
Chap. 16.8.Gram.cyper.pic.d. 
Chap.20, 3.Gram.dattyloides. f.d. 
Chap.2 1. 1.Gram.Cyp.ang.mai.fd 
2.Pfeudocypersus.f.d, 
cs 3.Cyperss long.inod fd, 
4.Cyperus rot.inod. fd 
5 Cyper.Gramanil.f.d. 
(Chap, 22.1 Gram,mont. anenf.d, 
| 2.Grammuror Spic.long£.d. 
3.Gram.criftatumé.d, 
4-Gram {pica fecal.d.” 
| 5.Gram.fpica. Brine d. 
Cc 6. Gram, lanatum d, 
ST 7.Gram.inne lencanth, a 
8 Gram.Loliac.mia.d, 
9. Gram.lol.d.: 
10.Gram. fpartenm mind 
| 11.Gram.alopecur.fp.afpera. d. 
( 12.Gram.{coparium.d, 
Chap.24. 3.Cyperus rotund. Syriacus.d. 
4.Cypmin,Cret a, 
5. yperotund snodor ii £.d, 
Chap.2 5. Cyp.e/oulentits.d.C. 
Chap.26.Galanga maior.C. 
Galanga minor. C. 
Chap.27. Cypersa Indicus .C. 
Chap.28. Zedoaria.C, 
Chap.29. 5.luncus cap. Equif fA, 
Chap.345 5.Spartum noft.par fd. 
G.Spart. eAustriacum £.a, 
Chap.3 9.4 Phalanzium antiq fA. 
5.Phalang Virgin.£d 


{ 


| 


7 ris flocernl.abfol.t-d. 
8.Chameiris ninea,f.d. 
9.Chameir.lat.fl.rab£.d. 
To.(hameitlurf.d. 
11 (hamvariegar..d. 


| Chap.q5. 3.Calansns aromat£.d. 


Chap.63.3.Paxicum Americanum,f,d. 
Chap.64. 3.Phalar.prat.altera.t d 


| Chap.65. 2. Alopecuros Auglica.pal.d. 


Chap.68. 2 Melamspyrumpurp.£ d 
3 Melampyr.carnlfd 
4 Melampyr. Lurfd 

Chap.70. 5 Asphodelus minimusf d 


| Chap.71 3 Ajphod. Lanc.ver.£a 
| Chap.74. 1 Iris bulbofa Lur.£d 


4 [ris bulb.verficol f a 
6 Iris bulb flocin.éd 
7 Tris bulb flo.alb.f d 
Chap.7§ 2 Sifjnrichinm mints, € 
Chap.76 ‘4: Gladiolus lacuftris.f d 
Chap.77 2 Hyacinthus ftel.albicans,£ 
3 Hyacinthus Stel. bifolfd 
6 Hyac.ftel.Byzant.fd 
8 Hyac feel. Somfd 
9 Hyac frel.aft.mai.£d 
Io Hyac.ftel.est .minf a 
12 Hyac.Peruvf d 
Chap.78 3 Hyac,fel.ver.d. 
Chap.79 6 Hyac.Or.polyanth£. d 
7 Hyac.Or.purp£d 
$ Hyac.Or.alb.fa 
9 Ryac. Bramalusfd 
10 Hyac-Or.caule foliofo,fd 
11 Hyac.Orflopleno,fd 
12 Hyac. Or.flc.carulpleno. fd 
13 Hyac.Or.fle.cand.plen.t d 
14 Hyac. obfolet. flo, Hifp.fa 
15 Hyac. min. Hifp.£ a 
16 Hyaclnd.tuber.£d 
Chap.80 3 Hyacinthus com, Byzant.£ 
4 Hyacinth.com.ramofis.a 
5 Hyacinth. com.ram.cleg.£d 


qqq 3 


Chap 


i 
tl 


eA dditions. 


Chap.84.4 Ware ff-medio-crocens ferot.polyanth.£d 
5 Narc.medio parp. flo.plenfd 
11 Nare.flore pleno albo,fd 
12 Narc.flo.plen. medio lut.fd 
13 Narc.flore plen.med.verfic.fd 
x7 Nare.inncifol.rofealut.£d 
38 Nare.inncifol. amplocal.£d 
19 Narc.iuncifol.reficx.flo.alb-£ d 
Rg Narc.iuncifol.reflex.mia.£ da 
20 Narc.inncifol.mult.fd 
2 3. Narc.vernns prac. flan.£d 
Chap.85.3 Pfeudonarciffus Hifp.£ 
4 Pfendonarc.min.hifpan.fd 
5 Pfendonarc.albe floret d 
(Chap.86.1 Nareifiomuinm maximus fd 
2 Naresfmult.Robini. A 
3 Pfendonarc.flo.plenof d 
4 Narcif.ilmot.d 
Narc.Tradefcant.d 
Narc.Parkinfond 
5 Nareif-Iacob Indicns fd 
6 Narcifinncifol. mont.ming a 
j 7 Narc.mont.iuncifol.flore fimbriatofd 
(8 Ware. omninm.min.mont.albtd 
Chap. 87. Tulparam fig. 23. 
Chap.88.2Lencotnm wlbofirm pracox Byxant.fd 
 Lencoinm bulb, Aut.ming£ d 
6 Leuc.bulb.vernmin.d 
Chap.89.3 FrittillariaeAquitan.min floobfol. fd. 
g Frittill.alb.pracextd 
Cnr nominibus & nots nonem aliarnm varicta- 


ne 


tum. 
Chap.90.3 Crocus verni flotur.£ 

4 Crocus vern.flo.albof 

5 Crocus vern.flo.parp£ 

6 Croc.mont. Autam £ 

7 Croc.mon. Antum flomaialbid.carul.éd 

$8 Crocus Autum.flo.alb.£ 

9 (vocus vernus angustifol flo.viol.é d 

Jo Crocus vernus lat flo.flaufiriis viol. £ d. 

UL Crec.vern.lat.firiat.flo. dupl.d 
Chap. 91 5 Colchicum montanum min. verfie.fio, fd 

9 Colchicum latsfoliumfd 

Yo Colchicum verfic lore fd 

Il Colchicum. flo.pleno fd 

12 Colchicum biflor. £d 

13 Colchicum vernumé d 

44 Colchicum variegat.Chienfe.£d 

15 Hermodattyli offic. fd. 
Chap.92. 4 Ornithogalumb’/pan.minus. fd 

5 Ornithogaluns inteum mins £d 

6 Buthus vnifolinaf d 

7 Ornithogalum mains Arabicum.§ a 

8 Ornithogalum {picatum fd 

9 Ornithogalum Neapolitanumt d 
Chap.93.3 Cepa uifpaniea oblonga fd 

4 Afcalonttides.t d. 
Chap.9 4.1 Setlla nifpanica vulg.fd 

6 Nareiffus tertins Matchioli.£ A 
Chap.95 Porrum fettivum ant tonfilefd 
Chap.96 3 Avmpeloprafon,five Porram {yl.f d 
Chap.97. 2 Allium {yl.rubent. nul.£d 
Chap.99.2 Scorodoprafum primum Clap 

3 Scorodoprafium minust d 

4 Ophiofcoridon£ d 
Chap.100,6 ALoly Larifolinm flore flans.£d. 

7 Moly minus flo.albo,fd 


(Chap. 101. 1 Moly Narciffinis foliis prim £ d 
2..Moly Narc.feliis fecund.fd : 
3 Moly Narc.fol.tertiumfd 
| 4 Moly mont. larifol.1 Claffd 
CS 5 Maly mont. fecund.Cluffd 
6 Maly ment.3 Cluf fd 
7 ns mont.a fpec.d Cluffd 
8 Atoly mont.4 fpec.2.Cluf£d 
lL. 9 Moly mont.5 (laf-fd. 
Chap.1 03.2 Liliwmrubrums a 
4 Lilinm cruentum balbif.£ 
5 Lil.crnent. fecundwm caul.bulb.don£, 
6 Lilium purpureuns minus fd 
Chap. 105 2 Lilinm Byzanrinum flo.purpur. fang fd 
3 Lilium Byxant flo.diluternbent.td 
4 Lilinm Byxant miniatum polyanth,£d 
Chap.106.1 Lilium rubrum anouftifid 
2 Liltum rubrum pracox.d 
3 Lilinm mont.Flo,Flav puntt fd 
4 Lilium mont flore flavo non punt fd 
Chap. 110.5 Cynoforchis minor. Pannen £ a 
Chap. 1114.3 Cynoforchis morio minor. Fd 
Chap.1 12.4 Tragorchis minor Baranicafd 
Chap, 113.15 Orchrstrifol.minor £ a 
16 Orchus anguftifol.d 
Chap.115.3 Orchis palmata Pannon.&.Clufk d 
Chap.116.9 Serapias Batrachites alteraf as 
Chap.3 17.5 Palma Chriftt max. fa T 
Chap. 118.2Nidus auis florea canle violat.d 


Lis2. 


Ce 2 Rapumradice eblongaf d 
Chap.2.2 Rapifrum arvenfe alt. fa 
Chap.3 61 Baniae,f 
2 Bunias fyl. Lobel £ 
Chap.5.1 Raphanus farions £ 
2 Radicula fat.min§ 
Chap.7.3 Lepidium annnnm fd 
Chap. 9. I Sinapifationm,£ 
2 Sinapi vulgare d 
3 Sinapi fat alt .£ 
4, Sinapi album£d a 
$ Sinapi {yl.minus € 
Chap. 10. 1 Eruca fativa,t 
3 Eraca fl. angufisfoliak 
4 Eruca Nafturtie cogs. tennifol & 
5 Eruca marinat ‘ 
6 Erucaaquatica,d 
Chap. 15. 2 Eryfimnm alterum Tealicnwa,f 
Chap, 17.2 Sivm mains anguftifol A 
3 Sium umbellatum repens d 
4 Sinm alternm Olufatri factefd 
6Siam Matthioh & Ital fd 
Chap. 18.3 Cardamine altera fie. plenofd 
3 Siam minus impatiens f d 
8 Cardamine pumila Bellidis fol.f d 
Chap. 19.6 Thlafpi amarnm d 
Chap.20 Thlafpi Cand.flo,alb.£d 
Chap-21. 8 Thiafpi perrenm minus,fd j 
Chap. 22.4 Thlafpi fruticofum folio Lencemar. £ 
5 Thlafpi hederacenm,f d 
Chap.23.2 Turratis mator f d 
Chap. 24.1 Draba Diofcoridis fd 
2 Drabaprim a repensfd 
3 Draba alterarepens fd 
4 Draba five Arabis quorundam. a 
Chap.27,3 Erigeron tomentofum alterumtd 
,Chap. 


Cc. 


re 


eA dditions.: 


Chap.28.2 Lacobea anguftifoliastd , Chap. 82.2 Rha capitatum nngatif. fd 

3 Lacobea latifolrat d | 3 Kha verum antigt'd, 

Chap.29.5 Cichorinm fpinafimsa | Chap.87. 3 Ophris bifolia bulb Fd 
Chap.3!. 3 Chondrillelutensl | Chap. 88.2 Ophiogloffon abortivuns, £ 

4 Chondrilla Hifpanica,t Chap.89. 3 Lunariaminramofatd 

9 Cichorium verrucariuméd Chap. 90, 2.Pyrola 2 tenersor. Clufta 
Chap.32.3 Dens leonis bulbafus. fd 3 Pyrola 2 fruricans Cluffa 
Chap.3 3.2 Sonches afpersor.£d 4 Pyrola 4 min.Cluffd ; 

5 Sonchus lanés muralis£d Chap.g2.3 Limonium: folio finpato.t 

6 Sonchus lanzs angeylef.£ d 4 Limonio congener Cluf.td 

9 Sonchus arborefcens alt.£d Chap.93 .2 Tripolinm wule.mind- 

10 Sonchus fjluaticiad Chap.96,2 Plantago aquat. minor fret Fa 
Chap. 34.9 Hieracinm falcatum alterum.£ d Chap.97.5 Plantago panniculis fparfis£d- 
Chap. 35. 5 Hitracizemparonm (vericumfd Chap.9.9:4 Holosteum Jive Leontopod, Cretifd 

6 Hieracinm Denti Leonis folio hirft d § Holoft.five Leontod,Cretalt fd : 

aChap. 36.1 Pulmon, Gallica,(ive anreaLapé d Chap.1o4. Herba Dorea Lobel £ 
Cc 3 2 Pulm. Gal five asr.angufif.fd | Herba Doreaaltera d) © 

. 3 Hierachore.larsf-f d Chap.1 Of. 2.Gentiana minparpfd 
Chap. 38.1 Lattacafylmai.f d Chap.107. 1 Gentianeha verna maior£ d 
Cc 5 2 Lattuca fjl.minor fol.integris.d oa 2 Gent. Alpinverna 
3 Lattuca fyl.fol.difedt.éd 3 Gent. fugax mind 
Chap.42.3 Betarubra Romanat 4 Gent fugax maid, 
Chap. 4308 Bliresis maius alb.£ | Chap.1o9.2 Speculum Veneris minus fa 

3 Blunm minis alb.£ Chap.1 12.2 Calceolus Marie alteré a 

4 Blitum minus rubrum £ Chap.1 14.3 Perficaria pufila repens fd 
Chap.44.5 Amaranthuspannicula incurva holo 4 Perficarsa filiquofaskd 

fericactd Chap-116.5 Trachelium mains perraum Fd 
Chap.4.3 Atriplex fjl.fine Polyfpermond Chap:1 17.7 Campanula Cymbalarie fold 

5 Atripfplvnloarisé d Chap. 118, 4 Rapunculs Alp.Cornicnléa 

6 Asrip.fylalserat d 5 Rapunculus cornic.mon fd 

9 Acrip.fyl.anguftifol.f a 6 Rapuncules faxarslis, fd 

8 Atrip.bacciferatd Chap. i 19. 4 Lencoinm fled 
Chap.47.1 Acrip.fpllatif.£ 5 Lene.lutenm floampla 

2 Atrep fildatifialt.td i 6 Lexcoinm Flo.albo-d 
Chap.s2.1 Cynocrambest Chap 120.2 Lencoium flo.mmnltipl fd 

3 Phyllon thelygon.d 3 Lencoinm fpinofum Cretfa 
Chap.54.2 Scerpiordes Marth. £ Chap 121.2 Lencoiuvm maarinsima purp.d 
Chap.5 5.2 Solantm fomniferumfd Chap.1 22. 2 Viola matronalis ‘flore, multipl.d 
Chap.58.2 Wirib ila peruvflo.alb.£ 3.4 Viota Mat, Flocbfol.five Lexcoinm Melans 
Chap.66.3 Ayofcyamus albsmnéd cholicum. fd 

4 Hyofeyanus alb.Crethd Chap.124.2, dlyffium Diofeoridis £ 

5 Hryofepamats florub.td Chap 126.3 Lychnis Coronaria mult fd 
Chap.68 3 Tabacum mink d Chap. 127.1 Lychnis Sjlrnb Flo, £ 
Chap.7}.2 Capficum rotundiér filigk d Chap.12 7:7 Lychnis caliculis firiatis 2.(lnf.a 

cum 12aAltis varieratibis. , i 8 Lych fylalb.9.Clafd 
Chap.7%.3 Papauer corniculatum phanic. glb td Chap.128. 1 Lychasis Sil-maleiptparp.£d 
Chap.7 3.3 Papaner finabriatum album, td 2 Lychnis Gjlalbamult.fd 

5 Papaver fylfd C.< 3 Lychnis abortiva flovneule.virid.£ a 
Chap. 76. 7 Anemone latifolia duplo flauo flare 4 Lych.fjl.lat.Cluf.f d 

fd 5 Lych.mont.repens Fd 
€Chap.7.1 Anemone Latif fle.coccia, fd Chap.12.9.2 Ly/imachsaluveamin. fd 
2 eAnem.latef flo.magcoccint a 3 Lyfimachia lut.Flo glob. fd 
3 Anemlatif. Byxant& d 4 Lyfimachia lat.virgin.£ A 
| 4 Anem.tenfloamplfanged 7 Chamanerion£ 
@n < 5 Axemstenflo.Coccin.td 8 Chamenerion alt.anguftif fd 
+ 6 eAnem.tenfladilute purp. £4 9 Lyfimachia caralea. 
7 Anem.tenflo.cxalb.t d 10 Ly/imachiagalericulata. £ 
8 Anemten flocerul.firiat£ d t Lyfimachia parp.minor.£d 
] 9 Aner.tenfloplen.coccing A Chap.134) 1. Coniza matr.fd 
( 10-dnem.ten.floatropurp. fd 2 Conizamin.£d 
Chap.7 8. 3 Anem.nemorum.flo.pleno albf 3 Conizxa media.d 

4 Anem.nem flo.pleno, purp£d C.K 4 Conizxa minima 
Chap. 7904 Pulfatilla Flore minore£ d 5 Coniza folis lacin£d 

5 Pslfaril.flolat.d 6 Conizapaluftrss ferratifol.d 
Chap.8 L.2.Lapathum.fylfolaminacutatd 7 Conixa daft. Cluffd 
Chap.82.5 Lapathum fativam fang 8 Lonized 


8 Coniza incana,t.d. 

9 Coniza Alpina pilofif, fid. 

10 (oniza cerulea Acris,t.d, 

Ch.132.2 After tal.f.d, 

5 After Conixoides Geli, es 

6 After lut.fup.Cluf.f, 

7 After ut. fol. fuccife, f, 

$ Affer falicis folio, t. : 

9 After Auftriacus 5.Cluf.f. 
io After 6. Clufrf. 

ur After 7. (life fe 

12 After Virginian. finticof. de 
13 After fruticofus minor, d 

Ch. 13 3., Glafam fylneftre,f. 

Ch. 13 §. 2 Se(amoisles Salamanticumparvnm,do 
3 Sefamoides parvum Marth, de’ 

Ch. 139: 10 Tithymalus characiasangupifel.£.d. 
1x Tithymalus eharacias ferratifol.t.d. 
1z Tithymalus dendroides.ex cod. Caf. fe 
17 Efula exigua Tragiyfd, 

23 Apios radice oblonga, fide 

Ch.141. 1 Aloe vulgaris, f. 

Ch. 142. 2 Sedum masus arborefcchs, f. 
5 Sedum maius angupifol.f. 

Ch.143. 3 Sedum minus aftivam, f 
4 Sedum minus flo. ampla. f. 

5 Sedum medium teretifolinm, fd, 
6 AixoonS corpisides, f, 

7 Sedum Portlandicum, fo 

§ Sedum petranm, f, 

Ch.144. 1 Sedum minus palustre, td. 
2 Sedum Alpinum 1 Cluf-f.d. 


‘Cc 3 Sedum Alptaum 3 (lug. fide 


4 Sedum Alpinum 4 Cluf. fd. 
5 Sedum petranm Buplenri folios fide 
Ch. 147+3 Telephium legitimum Imperati, fd. 
Cha.t49+1 Halisous latifolius,f. 
2 Halimsus anguftifol. procumbens, fe 
3 Halimus vulgaris, d. 
4 Vermicularis frutex minor, fi 
5 Vermicularis frutex maior, f. 
Ch.1§0. § Chameapitys fburia alt, Dod. f. 
6 Chameapitys Auffr.f, 
Ch.s51.2 Vosbelicus ven. fine Cotyhal f, 
3 Vmbelicws ven. min. d. 
4 Cotyledon min, mont, alt.f.d, 
6 Cymbalaria Italica, f.de 
Ch. 155. 2 Kati mazus fem, cochleato,£. 
3 Kali minus, f. 
Ch.157.2 Cerinthe afperior flore flauo,f.d. 
Ch.158. 3 Hypericum tamentofium Lobf.d- 
4 Hypericum fupinnm glabrum, fd. 
5 Hypericum pulehrum Tragi,d. 
Chap.1$9.2 -Afcyron/upinum palustre, d. 
Ch, 160.2 Androfemuin hypericoides, id. 
c Ch, 161.1 (oris Matth. f.d. 
rf 5 2 Coris coerulea Mon|pelafude 
€h. 162.2 Centauri mains alt, be 
Ch. 164. 5 Antirrhinnm min, repens, fd. 
Ch. 165+ 3 Linariapurp. alt.f. 
4, Linaria Valentina (lnf.f. 
9 Ofyris flana (yl. fd. 
8 Linaria quadrifol, fupina, d. 
32 Pafferinalinaria folio, f. | 
13 Pafferinaaltera, da. | 
14 Linaria adulterina,d. 
Ch.166. Linnmfationm,f. 


eA dditions. 


Ch. 107.3 Linum yl. latifol.£. 

5 Linum jl. catharticum, fd. 

6 Linnm (yl. latifol. 3 Cluf.d. 

7 Linum marinum lat. f.d. 

Ch.170. 3 Polygonum marinum max.de 
Ch. 171.2 Anthyllis Valentina Cluf£, 

3 Polygonum ferpillifolinm,f.d, 

5 Saxifraga Anglicana alfinefolia, de 

6 Saxifraga paluftris alfinefolia,f.do 
Cha,172.2 Millegrana minima, te 
Ch.173.7 Serpillum citrarum,f, 

8 Serpillum hirfutum, f.d. 

Ch. 175. 4 Satureia Cretica, f.d, . 
Ch. 177. 5 Hyffo pus parna anguft. folijs fd, 
Ch.178. 2 Gratiola angastifolia, fd. 
Ch.180,. 4 Stechas fummis caulic, nudis fd. 
Ch.182. Caryophyl.fig. 4. 
Ch.183.Caryophy i. plum, albus odorat. F.de 

8 Caryophyll. pumil. Alpinus, fd. 

at Caryophyll, prat.f. 

13 Caryephyll, mont. hum, lat. f. 

14 Caryophyll. mont .alb.f.d. 

17 Caryophyl.hum. flore cand.ameno,f.d. 
Ch.184. 5 drmeria prolifera, Lob, dy 
Ch.185. 3 eArmeria prar. flo.pleno, f. 
Ch.186. 3 Adufcrpula anguffifol. f.d. 

C 5 Ch.188. 1 Saxifrag. mag. Mat. fd. 
; 2 Saxifrag, antiq. Lub: fd. 

Ch.189. 4 Prarmica Imperati, d, 

Ch.tor. 3 Lithofpermum Anchufe,fac. fs 

4 Anchufa degener,f. 

Ch. 192 11 eine rotundifolia, f.d. 
12 Alfine paluft ferpilsfol. f.d, 
13 Alfine baccifera, f.d. 
Ch.19 4.3 Anagallis rennifol.f.d. 
Ch.195. 3 eAnagallis aquat. rorundifal, fod, 
4 Anagahis aquat. 4. Lob.f.d, 
5 (tpea, fd. 
Chitg6. 1 Aathyllis lenrifolia,£. 

2 Ambyllis marina incana,. 

3 Anthyllis altera Iralorum, 4. 

Ch. 197. 5 Veronica finticans ferpilifol.f.d. 

7 Veron. [picata lated, : 

8 Veronica fupina,f. 

Ch.198. 3 Nammularia flo.purp.fde 
Chy205.8. Gnaphalinms Americanim. f. 

13 Gnaphalinm oblongo folio, fd. 

14 Guaphalins minus lat. fol, £. 4. 
Ch. 207. 1 Stechascitrina,f. 

2 Amaranthus luteus latifol. d. 
Ch.208.3 Ageratnm folijs non ferratis,£. 

4 Ageratum floribus albis,f.d, 
Ch.209.4 Tanacetums in odor, waits, f.do 
Ch.210. 3 Matricaria Alpina Claf. f. 
Ch.211, 5 Polinm lauandule folio, fd. 
Ch.213. 3 Tencrinm mains Pann. f.de 

4 Tencrium petranm pnmil. fd, 
Ch.215. Scorodonia,f. 
Ch.219. 3 Tragoriganum Creten{e, f.d. 
Ch. 221, 1 Puleginm reginm, f> 

2 Puleginm mas, f. 

Ch, 222.4 Ocimum Indicnm, fd. 
Ch.223. 3 Corchorus,f. 
4, Acinos Anglicum Clufij, d. 
5 (linopodinm Auftr.f.d. 
6 Clinopodinus Alpinum, f.d. 
7 Acinos odoratiff.d. 


a ees 


Ch, 225, 4. Menthacardiaca, f. 
Mentha fpicata alt. f.d. 
Ch, 227. 3 Mentaftrum,f.d. 
4 Mentaftr. niv. Angl. f.d. 
5 Mentaftrum minus,f.d. 
6 Mentaftr. mont. 1 Clufvf.d. 
7 Mentaftrum tuberof.rad. Cluf.f.A. 


Ch. 229.3 CMeliffa Fuch. flo.alb. & purp.f.2- 


4 Herba Iudaica Leb £. 
Ch.231. 3 Stachys Sbinofa Cretica, f.d. 
4 Stach is Lufitan. fd. 
45 Siderites {cordioides A 
6 Sideritis Alpina Hyffopifolia, f. 
£Ch.2 32.1 Stderitis vulgare, f.d. 
2 Siderits angu/tifol.£.d. 
3 Sideritis procumb.ramofa, F.4d. 


C.k 4 Siderites procumbens non ramofas.d . 


5 Siderstis humilis lato obtufo folio, d, 
6 Sideritis latifolia glabra, f.d. 
(7+ Sideritts arvenfis florub.d. 
Ch.233, Marrubinen aquat.f. 
Ch. 234. 2 Marrubinm nigrum longifol.f.d, 
Ch. 235. 2 Laninm Pannon. §. 

5 Galeopfis vera,f.d. 

6 Lamium Pannon.3 (Iuff.a. 
Ch.238. 2 Cannabis fom... 
Ch.239.2 Cannabis fpuria alt.f. 

3 Cannabis fpuriatert.f. 

Ch. 240. 2 Expat. Cannabinum mas £. 
Ch.245.5 Scrophularia Ind. f. 

3 Scrophularia flo, lut £.d. 
Ch.247.2 Scabiofarubra Auftr.d. 

8 Scabtofa mont. alb.f.d, 

13 Scabiofa min. Bellidis fol.£. 4. 

14 Scabiofa flo. pall... - 

15 Scabiofa prolifera, f.d. 

16 Scabiofa rubra Indica, £.d, 

17 Scabiofa aftivalis Cluf£.d. 
Ch.249. 7lacea Auftr.villofa,£.d. 

8 Lacea capitulis hirfut.d 
Ch.250. 4 Stebe Rofmarinifol.f.d, 

5 Stabe ex Cod.Cafar.f.d. 
Ch.zgt.9 Cyanus repens latifol. f.d. 

10 Cyanus repens angustifol £.d. 
Ch.25 3.4 Viperarsa anguftifol. clatipr, £. 

5 Viper.Pannon.anguft.d. 

Ch.256. 1 Chry/anthemumfegetum, f. 

3 Chryfanth. Alp. 1 Claf. f.d. 

4 Chryfanth. Alp.2 Cluf.£.d. 

5 Chryfanth. Cret. f.d, 

6 Chryfanth, Baticum Boeli, d. 

7 Chryfanth. tenuifol. Bat. Boct. d. 
Ch. 260. Flos folts pyrarsidales, f.d.C. 


Ch.262. 3. Lencanthenum Alpinum Claf.f.d, 


Ch.264. 5 Doronicum angeftifol. Avfirt.d, 
6 Doronicum Stiriacuen flo .amp.£.d. 
7 Doronicum maximum,{.d. 
Ch.205.7 Saluia abfinthites,d. 
8 Salusa (ree.pomifera & non pomif.f.2.d. 
Ch.266.2 Verbafcum anguftis faluie fol £. 
3 Phlomos Lychnites Syr.£.d. 
Ch.267. 3 Colus lonis,f, 
Ch.268. 3 Horminum (yl, larifol.f.d. 
4 Horminum {j1. flo.alb. f.d. 
5 Horminum Syl. flo.rub.f.d. 
Ch.271. 3 Blattaria flo. viridi, f. 
4 Blattaria flo.ex vir. prrpurafe. £. 


i 


$ Blartarsz flo. albo,£.d. 

6 Blatraria fle. amplo,£.d, 

7 Blatraria flo.lut. fd. 

Ch.273-8 Primula veris Aeskechi, f, 
Ch.277. 3 Digitalis lutea, f. ; 

4 Digital: #5 ferru iginea ft. 

5 Digitalis ferrug. minor, d. 
Ch.278. Bacchar, (Monfpel.£, 
Ch.283. 3. Bugloffa fyl.min.£.d, 
Ch.284. 2 Anchnfa lutea, f. 

3 Anchufa minor, f, 

Ch.283, 2 Echiim valeanesy 

3 Echivm palloflore,t.d. 

4 Echinm rubro fle. fd} 

Ch.286. 2 Cynoglyfum Grat.f, 

Cynogloff. (ret. ale. f.d, 

QO ynoglof]. minus fol, ujrente,£, 
Ch.287. 3 Symphyramstuberofican, f, 

4 Symphytum par. Borag «fac fd. 
Ch.z90. 2 Tifilage Alpina, f.d. 

C. Ch.292.1 Cacalia incand folio, hd. 

5 2 Cacalia folio glabro, fd. 
Ch.297 ne) Potamogeiton anguft, d. 

3 Potamogeiton 3 Dod.f. 

4 Potamogeitos ling. acnt.folijs, F.d. 
Ch.298. 2 Tribulus aguat min. quer flo. f.d, 

3 Tribulus agdat. min, Mufcat fio.f.d. 
Ch.300.4 Millefolsum renusfol.f, 

5 Millefol paluftr, galeric. f, 

6 Myriophyllon aquat minus, d. 
Ch,302. 3 Stelaria aquatica, 
Ch.304.2 Arim eAgyptiacum,f. 

Ch. 307. 2 Soldancla Alp. maior. f. 

3 Soldanella Alp. minor, tid. 

Ch. 308.2 Gramen Parnaffi flo,dup/.f. 
Ch.309. Saxifraga alba petraa,t.d. 
Ch,310. 3 Cyclamen vernum,f. 

4 (yelamenverniem album, fd. 

5 An Cyclamino: alt. f. 

Ch.311.4 Ariffolochia Saracenica, f 

5 Piftolochia, €. 

6 Pist.( rer. fine Virginiana, fd 
Ch.314.2 Hederafaratilis, tdi 
Ch.315. 3 Hedera Virginiana,d. 

Ch.3 17. 4 Convolvulusargentens, de 
Ch. 318. 2 (onnolvulus cer fol,rot.£.d. 
3 (exvolv.carul.min£.d. 
Ch.3 19. 3 Scammoninms Monfpel .f. 
Ch. 321. 3 Bryouia nigra tantum florens,d. 
Ch.322. Jalapizm,d° 
Ch.326. 4 Clematis car.flopleno,f.d. 
Ch.327. (lematis cruciata Alpina,t.d. 
Ch.3 30.2 Clematis Daphnoides maior, f. 
Ch. 334. Apocynim Syr. Cluf.f. 
Ch.336. 2 Periploca latifolia, f. 
Ch.337.6 Polygoxarum Virginianam, a. 
h.3.42. 2 Cstrulliss minor, t. 
Ch.345.Macocks Virginiani,d. 

Melones aquat edules, Virged- 
Ch.352.5Maluacftina Hifpanicesf.d. 
Ch.353. 5 Alcea fruticofa cannab. 
Ch.355.3 Alcea £gypr.f.d. 


Ch.3 56.2 Geraninn: colum, mais diffett. fol. ds 


3 Geran. faxatile, d. 

Ch.360. 2 Geranium batrachiordes alt. f.d, 
3 Geran. Batrachioides pullo Fl.fd. 
4 Geran. batrach. long.rad.f.d. 


sienna ceca camera oer a cS NE 
eA dditions. ; 


> 


Ch. 363. 


eA Adibionts. 


Ch.363. 1 Geraniam bulb.Pen.£.d. 
2 Geran. nodofum Plateas, f.d. 
(oF 3 Geran. argent. Alp.£.d. 
4 Geran. batrach. flo. var. d. 
5 Geran. Ind. flo. maculato,d. 
Ch. 367. 13 Ranunculus hirfat, Alp flo alb fd. 

14 Ranmont bir fut parphd. 

Ch. 369.2 Ranunculus Afiat. Floplen.ming, d. 

3, Ran. Afiat.Flo.plen. prolifero,t.d. 

5 Ran.grum. rad.ramofis,td. 

6 Ran. grum.rad. Floalb.f.d. 

7 Ran.cAfiat.grumaad.Flo flav.vardeds 
Ch.371. 1 Rax.Cret.Jatifolfid. 

2 Ran. folio plant.f.d, 

3 Ran.mont.F lomin, f.d. 

4 Ran.mont.Flo.maj. f.d, 

5 Ranpracox rut fol.fid. 

6 Ran. pracox Thalietrifol.fd. 

7 Kan. parvus echinat.f.d. 

Ch. 376. 4. Aconitum lycott. ex: cod. Caffe 

5 Acon.lycott.birfur. fd. 

6 Acon, Violacenm, £.d. 

7 Aconitum purp. Neuberg. f.d, 

8 ettonitum max. Ludenberg. f.d. 

9 Acon.max nutant.comatd. 
Ch.380.5 Paonia promifcwa,f. 

6 Peoniafemina pumila, t. 

7 Pwonia Byxant.f.d. 

Ch.381. 5 Peconia Pentaphyll.alt. f, 
Ch.382. 6 Pentaphyllon fup. Torm.fac.d. 

9 Pextaphyll. incanum minus rep.d. 

it Quinguefol. Syl. minus fd. 

12 Quinquefol. min. flo. aur. f.d, 

13 Pentaphyllum fragif. f.d. 

Ch. 385. 4 Caryophyll. mont.purpf.d, 

5 Caryophyll. Alp. ming.d. 

Ch.386 Fragaria fratts hifpide, d. 
Ch.387. 3 Archangelica, f. 

Ch. 391. Laferpitinm, £. 

Ch.395.2 Coriandrum alt.minod. £. 
Ch.396. 3 eApium, fine Petrofel. Virgina, 
Ch.3 98. Oreofelinnm, f. 

Ch.399. 1 Petrofelinum Macedon .Fuchf. 
Ch.400. Selinum Si fol, £.4.C. 

Ch.402. Apinm fl. fine Thefftlium Phin. f, 
Ch.403. 2 Cancalis Apy fol.f 

4 (aucalis maior, f d. 

5 (aucalis minor flofe.rnb.£.d. 

6 (ancalis nodo.echinato fem.t.a. 
Ch.407. 2 Pastinaca fatina atrorubens, f. 
Ch.414.2 Anifiem Ind frell.f.d. 

Ch.4i5. 2 Ammi (reticum,f. 


ie) 
>a ¢ 


Ch.gry. 2 Aathrifous, fd. 
Ch.4.19.2 Barba Capri Tragi, d. 
Ch.421. 3 Pimpinellafanguiforba max. d. 
Ch.422.1 Saxifraga eAng. fac. [felt prat.f. 
2 Saxifraga Pannon fide ; 
Chap 424. 2 Sefeli (retic, maj. 
3 Sefeli montanum maitts, fe 
4 Sefeli Maffilienfe, f. i 
Ch.q25.2 Meum als, Thal. f. 


2 Fer#lago, ts 


Ch.427. 3 Panax A(clepium, fd. 
| Ch. 435.2 Chelidon, mai. fol.mag diffetto, F.d. 
| Ch. 440. 6 Valeriana Mexican, f. 
| § Valeriana annua Cluf. fd. 

9 Valer, Alp. lat.£.d. 

10 Valer.cAlp.anguft, f.d. 
Ch.442, 3 Confolidareg. Flo.dup, f.d. 

4Confol reg. elat, Flo.plen.f,d. 

Ch.443. 4. 4Lelanthium Dam. F lo.plea Lid, 

6 Nigella Hip. Flo.amp.f,d. 

Ch. 447. 4 Aquilegia var, fd. 

5 Aquil.Floinner{o rubro, fd. 

6 Aquil.F lo inuerfo albo, fd,” 

7 Aquil. Florofhd. 

8 Aquil. degener, f, d, 

Ch.q457.6 Drypis, f 
Ch.460, 4 Rubia [picata Cretica, f.d. 

5 Rubia {ynanchica, d, 

6 Rubia minima, fd, 

Ch.462. 2 Rabiacrusiata laws, fd, 
Ch.463-2 Afperula Flo.carulfe 

3 Sagina fpergula, f, 

4 Spergula marina, d. 

5 Spergula rubra, dy 
Ch.565, Filicis maris variet.£d, 

Ch. 467.3 Polypodinm Ind. fd, 
Ch.468, Dryopteris Adu, fide 
Ch.zo, 3 Hemionitis maior, fe 

4, Hem.minor,f. 

5 Hem. peregrina, f. 

Ch.472. 4 Chamafilix mar. Angl.§ 
Ch.475.2 Acanthus fyl, acnlearusf, 
Ch.478. 2 Carduns globof.acut.f, 

3 (ardaus glob.min.f. 

5 Carduus glob, cap, latisre, re 

6 (arduus eviocephalus,f. 

Ch.481. 1 Carlina canlefcens, £. 

3 Carlina acaulos min. Flo.purp.f.d, 
Ch.485- 5 Erynginmpulil.plan. fod. 
Ch.487. 3 Dipfacus minor,f. 
Ch.488. 1 Carthamus, f. 

Ch. 490. 9. Picnomos, a. 

Chiao3. 1 Cirfines max. Afphod. rad. fd. 

5 2 Cirfium maivalter fa. 


3, Cirfinm fol. non hirfut£.d, 
Q . 4 Cirfmontcap.parvf.de 
9) 5 Cirf,. mont. Alngl £3 de 
(q 6 Carduus mollis fol. digett fd. 
. 7 (4rd,moll fol. Lapathi, fid. 

Ch.494.3 Trifol.mai.Flo.alb, 

4 Trifel. mai.Florpurp fs 

5 Trifol. lat lupul.f, 

6 Trifol. lut.min f. 
Ch.496. 6. Coronopus ex cod. Caf, fd 

8 Trifol. lut.fil.corn fd. 
Ch.497. 1 Lagepus max. f. 

2 Lagop. mai. [pica long fd. 

3 Lagop. anguft. Hifp.td. 
Ch.500. Fenum-Grecum fyl.f. 
Ch.501, Lotus filiqua quad f.d. 
Ch. 502 Medica frntt.cochleat. fpingd. 4 Ar, 


QCh.506. 1 Trifold. filiqua lun fd. 
2 Trifol.ang. Alp, 
C.« 


4 Trifol. frag £.d. i 
5 Trifel. ftell, hirfut.de 
6 Trif. frell.glab.d, 


Chizo7. 


eA dditions, 


Ch.s07. Faba vnlgarts,d, Ch.47. Taxws glandi baccif. 
Eom 5 375 859 » Phafeolor. Pegrin. Var. 9.CHm Tacns pa we aie 
_ fig:3-dig- ; Ch.48. 3 Laniperus Alp. min. fd, 
Ch.s09. 4 Lupinus mai. flo.cer.£.d. Ch.49. 3 Cedvaslycianle Ed, 
Ch.st5. nM es Ch.50. 3 Sabina bacc.alt. f.d, 
2 Vicia mac. ee d. Ch. 52. 3 Evicamai.flo.alb.d. 
3 Vicia fyl. fla. alb. f.d, 9 Erica baccif-procumbens, f. 
5 Vicia {yl. fine Cracca min. f.d, ' 10 Erica baccif. rend oh 
Ch.gi6. 1 Lathyrus mai.larifol 11 Ericapum. 3, Dod f. d 
2 co ang. flo.alb.f, 12 Erica ternis per intermalla ramis, fds 
ae fr enguft ae ahrg ia 13 Erica peregrin, Lob. £.d, 
4 wi ape $s 14 Erica coris folio 7 Cluf.f.d, 
5 ae a coe: 15 Erica Corts fol.o (uf. f.d. 
_ 6 Lath. fy  fia.lut £, : Ch.54. 2 Vitex lat, ferat. folio,f.d, 
Ch.518. 2 Hedyfarum Sheyrrbizatuma,t. Ch.55«8 Salsx hums, repens, €. 
3 Hedjfar. mai. Siliquis artic. f. Ch.61.3 Syringa Arabicat.d. 
4 Securidaca min.pal. carn! f. Ch.z1.2 Myrtus Batica lat. f. 
5 Secur. min. lut £.d. Myrt. exot.f. a 
6 Secur. fil plan.dentt.d. 4 More fut ialb f 
25 Hedyfar.clyp.f. 5 Myrtus ming. 
Chistg. 2 Affragalus fyl. fdi ' 6 Myrt. Beticafyl. f.d. 
Ch, pee 3 ie Matth.f. Ch.73.6 Vite Idea fol. fubrotind. maid. 
4 Affragaloi tesjf. : Ch.77-2 Sambucus fruttu alb¥. 
Ch.s21 “3 Ornithopodinm mai. f, Ch,89. Anellana pum.Byz.f.d. 
4 Ornithopod. minf. Ch.g1. 3 Caftanee Pern. fink fd. 
5 Scorpiordes leguminofa, f.d. Chig4.5 Perficaflo.pleno,d. 
Ch.526 ; Orobus ee Ch.98. 2 Mepilusfativaaltf.d, 
c : abs Syl. foalb fd. 4 (hamemefpilus,€. 
a rab jake i Ch.t13. 2 Alnus hirfur£.d, 
Ch.s27. 1 Ochris le Ernilia,f.d. Yiu unsheeean ieee 
C 2 para fd, 3 Ulmus fol, lariff.(cab.f.d. 
3 Aphaca,t.de 4 4 Vimus ful. glab. d. 
4 Legumen mar long rad. d, Ch.t18. 1 Acer mai. £, 


Ch.528. 3 Talittrum mai. Hispana. 


Ch.531. 6 Ruta canin.f.d Chart g. 5 Pophlas alba foliss minor, f. 


Ch.122. 2 Zizypha Cappadocica, f. 


LIB. 3. g : 
es 6 Rofa lut. manltipl. ie ee : Ma presen 6s angi. d, 
Ch ; ile bia cae ale Se f. Ch.136 A4n/e fruttys exatt.icon,f.d, 
.3- 2 Rofa fjl. odor. flo. dup. f. Ch.14s. 3, Ballamum Alp. €.d. 


Ch.4, 2 Rubus repens frutlu caffo,d. 
Ch.5, 19 Ciftus ann. flo. mac. fd. 
20 Ciftus folio fampfuch. f.d. 


Ch.146. 2 Molle arboris adultaranmus,f, 
Ch.153.5 Piper candatum,f. 
Ch.159.Frattus Indici & exotic, quorum figs 


Ch.6. 7 Chamacifts ferpillifol.£.d. c.S§ 

8 Chamacistus Frif.t.d. : siebp te Se b8 ene 
Ch.7. 15 Cifies Ledon folis Rofm.f.d. Ch.162.6 afeus hen nae . 
Ch, 12. Giycyrrhiza vilg.£. 12 Mufe.clenat.fo ar": . 

14 Mufc. parv fiell.£.d, 


Ch.17. Orobanches triplex var.£.3. 

Ch.20. 5 Genifta fpinofa humilis, de 

Ch.z5. 2 Tragacantha minicon accur. 
3 Poterion Lob. f. 

Ch.26. 1 Acacia Diofc.f. 

Ch.27.2 Lycium Hifp.f. 

£ hg. I bom abe : 3 Alga, t.d. fd 
Rhamn.alt.flopurp.f.d. 9 Fucus phafganoi es obeys ce. 
2 Rhamnusrz (lafif.d. 10 Fucus (pong nod. f.d, 

| 3 Rhamnus 3 (luf.d- 11 (onferna,t.d. fd 

Ch.30, 1 Rhamnus folut.£. Ch.165.7 Fucus ferul. « 

2 Rhamn. fol. min. fd. § Fucus tenuifol.alt.f.d. 


3 . fol,pumil. d, 9 Mufcusmar.Cluft.d. 
ges faba te 10 Afufins mar sertins Ded.f.d. 
ae ; 11 Abses mar Belg.( laff. d- 


Ch.3 «. Cerri minoris rars.cum flo, f. 
Gis. 2 Galla maior alt.£.d. f Ch.166.5 Coralo:des alb.£.d. 


Ch.164.3 Lichen mar.rotund.£.d. 
4 Quernus mar.var £.d. 
§ Quern.mar.fecnnd.t A, 
6 Quern.mar.tertia£.d. 
7 Quern, mar. quartast.d, 


Ch.4o. 2 Prcea pumila, 6 Coral.rub.f.d, ; 

DBs 8 Pinaffer Aufrr. f.d, 8 Spong .infundibnls Mae 
9 PinaSter mar. min fds 9 Spongia ramo/a,£ de 

Ch.43.2 Abies mas, f. Ch.167. Fungoram fig.14- 


) The Appendix contasnes figg6. deferip.7 20 
THE 


Abjeris ramus curs lalis f. 


a rane a aaa = 2S 5 SE 


H) = \ 4 
et wt I=} 


j 


THE FIRST BOOKE OF 


THE HISTORIE OF PLANTS: : 


Containing Grafses, Rufbes, Reeds, Corne, Flags, and Bulbous, 


or Onton-rooted Plants. 


PI ssmsssy N this Hiftorie of Plants it would be tediou. 

Zpee dH to vie by. way of introduétion, any curious difcourfe vpon the 
general! diuifion of Plants, contained in Latine vnder 4/bor, 
Fribex, Suffrutex, Herba : or to fpeake of the differing names 
of their feuerall parts, more in Latine than our vulgar tongue 
canwellexprefle. Orto go about to teach thee, or rather to 
beguile thee by the fmell or tafte, to gueffe at the temperature 
of Rlants :whenas all and-euery of thefe in their place thall 
Y haue their true face and note, whereby thou maift both: know 
and vfe them. 

In three bookes therefore, as in thtee gardens,allour Plants 
faa are beftowed ; forted as neereas might be inkindred & neigh- 
bourhood. 3 

‘The firft booke hath Graffes,Rufhes,Come, Reeds, Flags, Bulbous or Onion-rooted Plants. 

The fecond, moft forts ofherbes vfed for meate, medicine; or fiveet {melling. 

Thethird hath Trees, Shrubs, Buthes, Fruit-bearing Plants, Rofins,Gummes, Rofes, Heathes, 
Moffes, Muthroms, Corall, and their feuerall kindes. 

Each booke hath chapters, as for each herbea bed : and euery Plant prefents thee with the La- 
tine and Englifh name in the title, placed ouer the pi@ture of rhe Plant. 

Then followes the kindes, defcription, place, time, names, natures, and vertues, Agreeing with 
the beft receiued opinions. 

Laft ofall thou haft a general! Index, as wellin Latine as Englith, witha carefull fupply like- 
wife ofan Index brlinguisof barbarous names. 

And thus hauing given thee a generall view. of this garden, now with our friendly labours wee 
wall accompany thee, and leade thee through a Gra fle-plot, little or nothing of many Herbarifts 
heretofore touched , and beginwith the moft common or beft knowne Graffe, whichis called in 
Latine, Gramen pratenfe: and then by little and little condué thee through mott pleafant gardens 
and other delightful! places, where any herbe or plant may be found fit for meate or medicine. 


11 


y 
3 
a 
G 
y 
4 
H 
i) 
d 
y 
g 
Bi 
4) 
4 
4 
q 


ONG 
AO SS 


A \ Ly wou 9€ 
Pee 


Cuan Of Medow-Graffe. . 


2X Here be fundry and infinite kindes of Graffes not mentioned by the Antients , either as 
eas vnneceflarie ro be fet downe,or vnknowne to them: onely they make mention of fome 
33 few, whofe wants we meane to fupply, in fuch as haue come to our knowled ge,teferring 
~ the reft to the curious fearcher of Simples, 
@ The Defeription, 

j] OMmon Medow Grafle hath very {mall tufts or roots, with thicke hairy: threds 
depending vpon the higheft turfe, matting and creeping on the ground with a 
| mot thicke and apparant fhew of wheaten leaues,lifting vp long thinne ioyated 
ss and light ftalks, afoorora cubit high,growing fimall and fharpe at the top,with 
2 loofe care hanging downward, like the tuft or top of the common Reed, 


ne 
ee 


2 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. -Lizet 


2 Small medow Graffediffereth from the former in varietie of the foile ; foras the firft kind 
sroweth in medowes, fo doth this {mall graffe clothe the hilly and more dry grounds vntilled,and 
barren by nature , a Grafte more fit for fheepe than for greater cattell. And bec: aufe the Linde of 
Grafle dodifferap parantly in root, tuft, ftalke, leafe, theath ,eare,or creft,we may affure our felues 
that they are endowed with feuerall vertues, formed by the Creator for the vie of man, although 

they haue been by a common negligence hidden and ynknowne. And therefore in this out Labor 


we haue placed cach. of them in th reir feuerall bed,where the diligent fearcher of Nature may,if fo 
he pleafe, place his learned obferuations, 


2 Gramtnpratenfe minus. 
Small Medow-graffe. 


@ The Place. 
oweth ofit fel fe vnfet or vnfowen oe where,but the fmall medow 


Common Medow-grafic 
-thvpon dry and barren grounds, as partly wee haue touched in the 


iffe for the moft part gt 


dacicription. 


@ The Time. 

Concerning the time when Graffe a h and feedeth, I fuppofe there is none fo fimple but 
knoweth it, and that it continueth all the whole yeare, feeding in june and Iuly. Neither needeth 
itany propagation or replanting by feed or othe pretes no not fo muchas the watery Grafles , but 
that they r — rthem({clues againe,although they] 1aue beene drowned inwater all the Winter 


eare in the wilde fennes in Lincolnth ire and fuch like places. 
q The lh Names. 

in L atine, Gramen, as it is thous ght, az aX adicne lo ptt sees 
at radices : for it groweth, gocth, or fpre: adeth it felfe vnfet or 

er: ounds, cloathing them witha faire and per fe& greene. It 
is yearely mowed, in fome places twice,and in fome rare places thrice ; then is itdried ‘and withe- 
red by the heare of the Sunne, with often turing it ; and then is it cal led Fanum, ne[cio an a fenore 
liaklag :in French, Leherbe du praiX. 
q The Nature, ’ 
roots and feeds of Graffe are of more vfe in phyficke than the herbe, and are accounted of 


17 1 


riters moderately to open obftruétions,and prouoke vrine, 


s Th 


Catt ~SMktle HiftorfafPlinx) a 


@ Thevertues. 

The decodtion of Graffe with the roots of Parfley drunke; helpeth thediffurie, and prouoketh 
vrine, 

The roots of Graffe, according to Galen, doe glew and confolidate together new and bleeding 
wounds. 

The inyce of Graffe mixed with honey and the pouder of Sothernwood taken in drinke, killeth 
wormes in children; but if the childe be young, or tender of nature, it thal] fuilice. to.mixe the 
iuyce of Graffe, and the gall ofan Oxe or Bull together, and therewith anoint the childes belly; 
and lay a clout wet therein vpon the nauell, : 

Fernelius faith, that graffc doth helpe the obftruétions of the liuer, reines and kidnies and the 
inflammationofthe raines called Nephritis. 

Hay fodden in water till itbe tender, and applied hot to the chaps of beafts that be chap-fal- 
len, through long {tanding in pound or ftable without meate, isa prefent remedie, 


Cuar.2 Of Red Dwarfe-Graffe. 


; @ The Defiription, 

i Warfe Graffe is one ofthe leaft of Graffes. The root confifts of many little bulbes, 
coueted with a reddith filme of skinne,with very many {mal hairy and white ftrings : 
the tuft or eare is of a reddith colour,and not much differing from the grafle called 

Ifchemon, though the eare be fofter,broader,and more beautifull. 


it 1 Gramen minimum rubrum, fine 
Xerampelinum, F 

Red Dwarfe-graffe, % Gramen minimum album, 

ee White Dwarfe-graffe, 


¢ 
Q 


LES 


Vl 
SS = 
NEN 


t 2  Thiskindeof Graffehath {mall hairy roots; the leaues are finall and fhort, as alfo the 
ftalke, which on the top thereof beares a pannicle not much vnlike the{mall medow Graffe , but 
Ieffe: the colour thereof is fometimes white, and otherwhiles reddih ; whence fome haue gitren 
two figures,which I thinking needleffe, haue onely retained the later,and for the former giuen the 
figure of another Graffe, intended by our Author to be comprehended in this Chapter. 5 

= Ee i meee : 3 Small 


A, 
B 


c 


ear 

ye 

ie 
{ 
‘ 
; 


a Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L 


3 Smallhard Graffe hath {mall rootscompaé of little firings or threds, from which come 
forth many foure rufhy leaves of the length ofan inch and ahalfe : the tuft or care is compact of 
many pannicles or very little cares, which to your feeling are very hard or harfh. This Graffe is 
vnpleafant,and no wholefome food for cattell. 

4 Rufh-graffe isa {mall plant fome handfull high, hauing many fmall ruthy leaues tough and 
pliant, as are the common Rufhes : whereupon do grow {mall {ealy or chaffie huskes, in ftcad of 
floures, like thofe of Ruthes, but fmaller. The root is threddy like the former. + There isa va- 
tietic of this to be found in bogs, with the feeds bigger,and the leaues and whole plant lefler, £ 


a 


LB. I. 


3 Gramen minus duriufculum, 


“ 4 Gramenjunceum, 
Small hard Graffe, 


Rufh-graffe,or Toad-graffe. 
fon curs kee fo eV ERS 


t 


} q The Place. . 

The Dwarfe-grafle doth grow onheathy rough and dry barren grounds in moft places of Eng- 
Jand. + Thatwhich I haue giuen you I haue not as yet obferued growing in any part of Eng 
land. + 

The white Dwarfe-graffe is not fo commonas the former, yet doth it grow very plentifully a- 
mong the Hop gardens in E flex and many other places. 

Small Hard-grafle groweth in moift freth marifhes,and fuch like places. 

Ruth-grafle groweth in falt marifhes neere vnto the fea, where the marifhes haue beene ouer- 
flownewith falt water. + Italfo groweth in many wet woods, Janes,and fuch places,as in the lane 
going by Totenham Court towards Hampftead. The lefler varietie hereof growes on the bogges 
vpon Hampftead heath. + 

; q The Time. 
Thefe kindes of Graffes do grow, floure,and flourith when the common Medow eraffe doth. 
q The Names. 

It fufficeth what hath beene {aid ofthe names in the defeription,as well in Englifhas Latine - 
onely that fome hauedeemed White Dwarfe-graffe to be called Xerampelinum. . 

Ruth-grafic hath been taken for Holoftewm Matthioli. 

+ @ The Names in particular, 
x This heregiue you inthe firkt place is the Gramen minimum Xevampelinum Of Lobel: it is the 
Gramen 


Lise. Of the Fiftory of Plants, ¥ 5 


Gramen of Matthiolys, and Gramen bulbofim of Dale(champius. Our Author did not vnderftand what 
Xerampelinus {ignified, when as he faid the white Dwarfé-graffe was {0 termed ; for the word im- 
ports red,or murrey, fuch acolouras the withered leaues of Vines areof, 2. Tabern.calls this; 
Gramen panniculatum minus. 3. Lobel calls this,Exile Gramen durius, 4. This by catatthiolus 
was called Holoftinm : by Thalius, Gramen epigonatocaulon + by Tabernamontanus, Gra. Bufoniam, that 
is; Toad-grafle. £ ; 
| The Nature and Vertues: i 

Thefe kindes of Graffes doe agree as it is thought with the common Medow-grafle, in nature 

and vertues, notwithitanding they haue not beene vfed in phyfickeas yet, that I can reade of. 


} The firft figure was onely a varietie of the {econd, according to Baubinus 5 yet in my iudgement it was the fame with the third,whichis Geamen minus durin 
eultime 


— 


Cuar.3. Of Corne-Graffe, 


q The Defcription. 

I Orne-graffe hath many graffic leaues refembling thof of Rie, or rather Otes, amongft 
thewhich commeth vp flender benty ftalkes , kneed or ioyntéd like thdfe of cotne; 
whereupon groweth a faire tuft or pannicle not much vnlike to the feather-like tuft 

ofcommon Reed, but rounder compa@ together like vnto Millet. ‘The toot is threddy like thofe 
* of Otes, 


1 Gramen fecctale, 2 Gramen harundinaceum, 1 
Corne-grafle, Reed-graffe;or Bent, a. 4 
Qira cag |utowo— oo ee Jfp Lat uta 


( 
Si Wy) 
=> \ Y Y y Ly, 
\ \ | mn, 
SS Ky : 
 \ \ 


2 Reed-graflehath many thin grafic leaues like the former : the buthy top, with his long fea- 
ther-like pannicles dorefemble the common Reed, which is lightly fhaken with thewinde, bran- 
ched vpon a long flender reeden ftalke; kneed or ioynted like comme. The root is {mall and fibrous, 

q The Place and Time, 
Thefe kindes of Graffes grow for the moft part neere hedges, & in fallow fields inmoft places! 
‘Their timeoffpringing, Houring,and fading may ¥ referred to the common Medow-grafle. ; 
3 @ The 


en 


6 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 1. 


The Names. 
+ he firft is called in Englith, Corne-graffe. Lobelius calls this,Segetum gramen ‘pannicula fpe- 
ciofa latiore : others termeit Graimen fegetale, for that it vfually groweth among corne; thewhich I 
haue notas yet feene. y 
The fecond is called in Englith, Reed-graffe : of Lobelius in Latine, Gramen acrorum latiore,arum- 
dinacea, cy comofapannicela,for that his tuft or pannicles do refemble the Reed : and Spica venti agro- 
vum,py reafon ofhis feather-top,which is eafily fhaken with thewind. + Some in Englith,muck 
agreeable to the Latine name, call thefe, W indle-ftrawes - Now I takethis laft tobe the Graffe 
with which we in London do vfually adorne our chimneys in Sommer time: and we commonly 
call the bundle of it handfomely made vp for our vie, by the name of Bents. + 
@ The Temperature and V ertues. 
Thefe Graffes are thought to agrce with common Grafle,as well in temperature as vertues , al- 
though not vfed in phyficke. : 


Cuar. 4. OfeMillet Graffe. 


1 Gramen Miliaceum. t 2 Gramen majus aquaticum, 
Millet Grafle. Great Water-graffe, 


Ae effrsna 
\ 


| The Defiription. 

3 Illet Graffe is buta flender Graffe, bearing a tuft or earelikevnto the common Me- 
dow-graffe, but confifting of {mall feeds or chaffie heads liketo -%élinm,or Millet, 
whereof ittooke thename. The ftalke or leaues do refemble the Bent , wherewith 

countrey people do trimme their houfes, 

2 The great Water-graffe in roor, leafe, tuft, and reeden ftalke doth very well refemble the 
Grafle called in Latine, Gramen fulcatum,or Pittum ; and by our Englith women, Lady-laces, be- 
caufe it is ftript or furrowed withwhite and greene ftreakes like filke laces , but yetditfers from 
that,that this Water graffe doth gervnto it felfe {ome new roots from the middle of the ftalks and 
ioynts,which the other doth not. + This isa large Graffe, hauing ftalkes almoft as thicke as ones 
little finger, with the leaues anfwerable vnto them, and a little rougifh: the tuftis fomewhat like 
arced, but leffe, andwhitith coloured. £ 

q The 


Lieu OF the Hiftoryof Plants, = CSCt=Ci CS 
SETS orci ie vi ime ip OOM. 


| The Place, Names, Nature, and V ertues; 


The former growes inmedowes, and about hedges, and the later is to be found in moft fenny 
and watery places, and haue their vertues and natures common with the other Grafles, for any 
thing that wee can finde in writing, The reafon of their names may be gathered out of the 
defcription. ‘ 


| This which I give you in thefecond place isnot of the fame plane that was figured in the former edition 5 for that piGure was of Gramen ay harundina- 
eeum panniculatum of Taber. which hath a running root and large fpecious pannicle like to q Reed,of a browne colour.But itis moft apparane thar ou 1 meant 


this, and framed his def¢ription by looking ypon this figure, clpécially the later past thercok, The tue figure of this was inthe {econd place inthe next Chapter. 


Mod. AR NS ees 
Cuar. §3 
Of Darnell Graffe. 
a The Defiription: 


a Arnell Graffe,or Gramen Sorghinurm,as Lobel hath very properly termed it,hath a brow- 
; D nith ftalke thicke and knotty, fet with long fharpe leaues like vnto the common 
Dogs Graffe: at the top whereof groweth a tuft or eare of a grayith colour,fomwhat 

like Sorgéwm, whereof it tooke his name, é 


3 Gramen Sorghinum, t+ 2 Gramen harundinaceym panniculature, 


~ Darnell Graffe, ~ WildéReed. 


2 Wilde Reed, or Gramen harundinacenm panniculatum, called alfo Calamogroftis,is far bigget 
than Couch graffe,or Dogs graffe,and in ftalkes and leaues more rough, rugged,and cutting. [eis 
bad food for cattell, though they want, or be very hungry , and deadly to Sheepe,becaufe that, as 
the Husbandman faith,it is a caufe of leannefie in rp thirft,and confumption: it cutteth their 


sa 4 tongue, 


8 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lise 


+ £3 Gfamenarundinaceum minus. tongue, ftraitneth the gullet or throat,and draw- 

'” ‘The leffer Reed-Grafle. eth downe bloud*into the tomacke or mz WwW 5 
whereofenfueth infammation, and death for 
the moft part. And not onely this Calamons roflis 
is hurtfull, but alfo all other kindes of thearing 
leaued reeds ; flagges, fedge, or the like, w hich 
hauie as itwere edges , sand cut onboth fides like 
kniues as well mens fingers, as cattels mouthes. 
This herbe is in a meane between reed & grafle. 
he toot is white, creeping downwards very 
deepe. The {pike or eare is like vnto the reed, 
being foft and cottony, fomewhat refembling, 
Pannicke. 

+ 3 This in root,ftalkes,aid leaues is like 
to the laft defcribéd , but that they are lefler : 
the top orhead is a long fingle {pike or earenot 
feuered or parted into many cares like the top 
ofthe precedent, and by this and the magni-. 
tude it may chiefely be oe from ir. 
This was in the-twelfth place inthe fixteenth 
chapter, vnderthe title of Gramen harnndinaceam 
minus sand the Cali amogroftis butnow deftribed, 
was alfo there againe in the eleuenth Piase. $ 

q The P lace. 
The firft growes in fields and orch: ards almof 


euery w here ; ; thé other grow in fenny waterifh 
places, 


q The Names. 24 
2. This in Lincolnethire.is called -Sheere= 
srafle,or Henne: in other, parts of Eng'laiid wild. 
Reed : in Latine, Calamozroftis - out of the 
Greek, wisuyestcs. As for their natures and vertues we doe not finde anjgereat vie of them worthy 
the fetting downe. ) 


um, being the fecond of the precedent Chapter, the tu fie ofthis was page 21, ynde? 
{o, as I haue roc! shed in the defeription, 


The figure thar wasin the fecond place was of Gramen m 
the title of Gramen barundinacttm maings The thicd betag there 


ry 


Cuar. 6. Of Feather-top, Ferneé, and Wood-graffe. 


a The Defcription. 


es His might fitly haue beene put tothofe mentioned in the foregoing chapter; but 
that our Author determined it for this,as may appeare by the mention made of 
itinthe names, as alfo by the defcription hereof, framed ftom the figure we here 
giue you. ¢ This Graffe is eoninied with chaffieand downie tufts, fet vpona long Benty f alke 
of two cubits high or fomewhat more, naked without any blades or Jeaues,for the moft part. His 
root is tough andhard. + The top is commonly ofa red or murtey colour, and the leaues foft 
and downy. £ 
$ 2 This, whofe figurewas formerly by our Author given for the laft defcribed , thought 
verie much different from i it, is avery pretty and elegant grafle : it in roots and leaties is Paponiie 
to the vfuall medow Graff, the ftalke rifeth to the ‘height of afoot, and at the top thereofit bea- 
reth a beautifull pannicle (Ww hence the French and Spanifh Nations call it 4ourettes,that is sthe 
Loucly Graffe.) This he -acl confifts ofmany little cares, fhaped much like thofe of the > ordinarie 
Qua! ing Graffe, longer and | Hatter, being compofed of more feales , fo that each of them fome- 
what refembles the leafe ofa {mall Ferne,whence I haue called it Ferne-Grafle. Thefe tops when 
ae are ripe are white; andareg rathered w here they grow naturally co beautifie garlands, 
3. Wood-sraffe hath many {malland threddy roots , compact togetherin manner of a tuft; 
from which {pri ing, e immediately out of the earth many ¢ sally leaues,among thewhich are ae 
benty 


Lisi & Of the Hiftorie of Plants, : 9 


$ 1 Gramen tomentofum arundinaceum, 
Feather-top, or VWoolly Reed-graffe, 


Ez 


AUAWATELUATET 


a na beter a 
ri 
2 


amt 


ee 


aU IPLELCH TET rerripeee 


te 


Pe 
in 


& 


», 
ee yk? 
~ 3 Gramen fjluaticum pajus, 


The greater Wood-grafle, 


’ 


2 Gramenpanniculatum dean pend 


Ferne-grafle, 


benty ftalkes, naked and without ledues ot blades 
like the former, bearing at the top a foft L{pikie 
tuft or eare much like vntoa Fox-taile, ofa brow- 
nifh colour. | ° 
+ 4 This inleaues,{talks,roots, manner and 
place of growing is like the lait defcribed : the 
onely difference betweene them is, That this hath 
mutch leffe, yet fharpet or rougher eares or tufts, 
The figure and defeription of this was formerly 
giuen by our Author in the fixteenth cha pter, and 
ninth place , vnder the title of Gramen fyluaticum 
minus. But becaufe the difference between the laft 
defcribed and this is fo {mall, we haue {pared the 
figure,to make roome for others more different 
and note-worthy, 


@ The Time and Place. 


2 This kinde of Gyafle growes in fertil fields 
and paftures. 

2 The fecond growes in diuers places of 
Spaineand France. 

The other two grow in Woods, 


© The Names, 


x Lobclius in Latine calls this Gramentomento- 
fim & Acerofum, Some have taken it for the fe- 
cond kinde of Calamograftis sbut moft commonly 


ra Of the Hiftorie of Plants. be ace, 4, 


it is catled Gramen plumofum: and: in Englith, a Bent, or Feathet-top Graffe. 
2  Gramen panniculatumis called by tome Heragroftisin Greeke. Lobel calls this Granzen panni- 
silofum phalaroides. And it is named in the Hift. Lugd.Gramen filiceum, feu polyanthos : that is,Ferne, 
or marly-floured Giraffe. + . ; 
3 GPamen [yluaticum, ox as it pleafeth others, Gramen nemorofn, is called in our tongue, wood 
Graffe,or fh@tlow Graffe. » 


» , «a ") of Se ay 
‘Cuare7. Of great Fox-taile Graffe: 
bP et 
; | The Deféription. 


I He ereat Fox-taile Graffe hath many threddy roots like the common Medow graffe ; 
and the ftalke riferh immediatly from the root, in fafhion like vnto Barley,with twa 
ot three leanes or blades like Otes , but is nothing rough in handling, but foft and 

downie, and fomewhat hoarie, bearing one eare or tuft on the top, and neuer more ; fafhioned like 
a Fox-tailewhereofit tookehis name, At the apptoch of Winter it dieth, and recoueteth it felfe 
‘the next yeare by falling ofhis feed. i 


1 Gramen Alopecuroides majuss T 2 Gramen Alapecurgides minus. 
Great Fox-taile Graffe. Small Fox-taile Graffe. 


2 The leffer Fox-taile Graffe hath a tuffe and hard root compaé& of many {mall ftrings, yeel- 
ding a ftrawie ftalke like the former,though fomwhat leffer,with the like top or creft,but ofa whi- 
tith colour. 

3 Great baftard Fox-taile Graffe hath a ftrawie ftalke or ftemme, which rifeth to the height 
ofa cubit and an haffe, hauing a fall root confifting of many fibres. His leafe is fmall and graf- 
fie,and hath on his top one tuft or {pikejor eare of a hard chaffie {ubftance,fome three inches long, 
compofed of longith feeds,each hauinga little beard or awne. 


4 Small baftard Fox-taile Graffe doth refemble the former, fauing that this kinde doth uO 
) : fend 


kan Of the Hiftorie of Plants. tr 


-fend forth fuch large ftalkes and eares as the other, but fmaller,and not {0 clofe packed together, 
neither hauing fo long beards orawnes. 


t 3 Gramen Alopecurinum majus. 4 Cramen Alopecurinum minus. 
Greatbaftard Fox-taile Graffe. , Small baftard Fox,taile Graffe, 
: Ahety Cenrr1U gg # us Tg 


\ otters pr: 


nto, 


f (revere reereresrenremsecrerrin 


| The Place and Time: 


Thefe wilde baftard Fox-taile Gtaffes doe grow inthe moift furrowes of fertile fields, ee ap 
the later end of Sommer, 
} The Names, 


+ The firft by Zobel and Tabern. is called Gramen phalaroides: The other Lobel calleth 2 Gramen 
Alopecuroides. 3. minus. 4.msinus alterum, 


Cuap. 8. Of Great Cats-taile Graffe. 


| The Defiription, 


& Reat Cats-taile Graffe hath very {mall roots, compaé& of many {mall skins or threds; 
which may eafily be taken from the wholeroot. The ftalke rifeth vp in the middeft, 
and is fomewhatlike vnto wilde Barley, kneed and ioynted likecorne, of a foot high 

sere rahe > bearing at thetop a handfome round clofe compact eare refembling the Cats. 
taile. 

_ 2 Thefmall Cats-taile graffe is like vnto the other, differing chiefely in that it is leffer than 
it. The root is thickeand cloued like thofe of Ruth Onions,or Ciues, with many {mall ftrings or 
haitie threads annexed vnto ir, 


£ 3 There is another that growes plentifully in many places about London,the which may ()) 

fitly be referred to this Claffis. The root thereof'is a little bulbe, from whence ‘arifeth a ftalke J he ct Sam 

fome two foot or better high, fetat each ioynt with long graffie leaues : the {pike oreare is com- burtinrs = 
ae Pe WME ie monly 


12 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ite. 


te: Gramen Typhinum minus. monly foure or fiue inches ong, clofely and 

Smal] Cats-tatle Grafle. handfomely made in the fafhion of the prece- 

(ONT Dans otevde- 8 dent, which m the fhape it doth very much re- 
pcg i ie: femble. £ 


@ The Place and Time. 


Thefekintes of Graffes do grow very well 
neere waterie places, as Gramen Cyperoides doth, 
and flourith at the fame time that al! the others 
doe. 

+ The latter may be found by the bridge 
entring into Chelfey field, as one goeth from 
Saint Iames to little Chelfey. ¢ 


@| The Names. 


The Latines borrow thefe names of the . 
Greekes, and call it Gramen Typhinum,ofTypha,a 
Cats taile : and it may in Englifhas wel be cal- 
led round Bent-graffe, as Cats-taile Graffe. 

+ The laftdefcribed is by Bawhine, who firft 
gauethe figure and defcription thereof in his 
Prodomus, pag.10. called Gramen Typhoides maxi- 
mur {pica longifima that is, The largeft Foxe- 
taile Grafle with avery long care. + ; 


| Gramen Cyperoides ; 2 Gramen Tunceum aquaticum, 


Cyperus Graffe. Rufhy Water-Graffe, 


t 
: 

i 
b il 
9 
| 


iz 4 ae 
BS 


skies ie emmmmmmamanaT Yak WR ae EF; GRD piled Ge Sec 
eee ti Of the Hittorie of Plants. 13 
G The Defeription: ; 
I Yperus Graffe hath roots fomewhat like Cyperus, whereof it tooke his rame: his 
leaues are long and large likevnto the common reed : the ftalke doth grow to tl 
height ofa cubit in fome places 3 vpon which groweth little {cal 
{pike fathion, fomewhat like vnto Cats-taile, or Reed-mace, very c 
2 Ruthy Water-graffe hath his roots like the former, with ma 
them ; and creepeth along vpon the vppermoft face of the earth, or 
eth, bearing at each ioynt one flender benty ftalke, {et with afew f 
bringing forth at the top in little hoods, fmall feather-like tufts or 
@ The Place, Time, and Names, 
They grow, as I haue infinuated, in myrieand muddy grounds, inthe fa 
0. And concerning their names there hath been {aid enough in th 


he 
h lit y knobs or eares, 
hafhe, rough,and rugged, 

ny fibres or -ftrings hanging at 
rather mud, wherein it Stow 
mall graffie blades or leanes 3 
eares, 


me feafon that others 
1€Ir titles, 


Cuar.1o. Of Water-Graffe. 


1 Gramen aquaticums 


Water-graffe, 


2 Gramen aquaticnm [picatum; 
Spiked Water-graffe, 


Z 


Irig Co churn palur sre, 


y = 
=h 
aN 


SAAN SEAMEN 


| The Defcription. 


hy J Ater-graffe, or as we terme it, Water Burre-graffe, hath a few long narrow 
flender and ioynted leaues : among which rifeth vp a ftalke of two foot high, 
bearing vpon his fmalland tender branches certaine little rough knobs, or 
nted feeds made vp into cornered heads : his root is {mall and threddy, 
this plant is not well expreft,for it fhould haue had the leaues made narrower, 
nthem,like as you may fee in the Gramen junceum (ylwaticum, which is the ninth 
apter's for chatand this are folike,that I know no other difference betweene 
s hath leaues longer and narrower than that, and the heads {maller and whiter. 
ble good figure of this inthe Hifforia Lugd.p.100 1, vnder the name of —4rundo 


brownith fharpe poi 
The figure of 
and ioynts expreft i 
in thefixteenth ch 
them, but that thi 
There isa reafona 
minima, $ 


red Spiked 


—— na 


14 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.1. 


2 Spiked Water-graffe hath long narrow leauies : the ftalke is fmall, fingle,and naked, with- 
out leaues or blades, bearing along ft the fame toward the topan eate or fpike made of certaine 
fmal{’buttons, refembling the buttonie floures of Sea Worme-wood. His root is thick & tough, 


full of fibres or threds. 


; q The Place and Time. 
They differ not from the former kindés of Graffes in place and time: and their names are ma- 


nifeft. 


q| The NatureandVertues. 
e and vertues are referred vnto Dogs Grafle, whereofwe will {peake hereafter. 


oA Po Vie yy Flote-Graffe. 


Their natur 


2 Gramen finviatile fpicatum. 
Spiked Flote-graffe. 


1 Gramen fluviatile. 
Flote-graffe. 


[ Mlehec wr4Ad 
| es tig 


/ 
{ 


ZS 
alee Sat Ses 


: @| The Defcription. 

ieee Lote-graffe hath a long and round root fomewhat thicke, like vnto Dogs-graffe,fet 

on even ioynts with fmall ftrings or threds ; from the which rife vp long and croo- 

_"— _ked ftalkes, croffing,winding,and folding one within another with many flaggie 

Jeaues,which horfes eate greedily of. At the top of thefe ftalks, and fomewhat lower,there come 

forth very many little eares of awhitith colour, compofed of wo ranks of little chaffie feeds fet 
alternately, each of thefe {mall eares being almoft an inch in length. 

2 Spike Flote-Graffe , or fpiked Flore-graffe beareth at the top of each flender creeping 
ftalke one fpiked eare and no more, and the other many,which maketh a difference betwixt them; 
ogg they are one like the other, His root is compact, tufted, and made of many chrummie 

reds, 

q The Place. 


The firft of thefe erowes euery where inwaters. The fecond is harder to be found. 
q The 


“Diet. Ofthe Hiftorie of Plans. 15 


@ The Names, 
The firft is called Gramen fluviatile,and allo Grarmen aquisinnatans : in En glith,Flote-grafle.Tra- 
gus calls it,Gramen A. natum,Ducks-grafle. 5 
The fecond is called Gramen fluviatile fpicatumand fluviatile album by Tabernamontanus .Likewile 
in Englith it is called Flote-graffe, and Flotet-grafle, becaufe they fimme and flote in the 
water. 


Cuap, 12. Of K need-Graffe. 


| The Defcription. 


¥ Need-graffe hath ftraight and vpright ftrawie ftalkes, with ioynts like to the ftraw of 
’ corne, and beareth {mall graffie leaues or blades {piked at the top like vnto Pannick, 
witharough eare ofadarke browne colour, His rootsare hairy and threddy,and the 

ioynts of the ftraw are very large and confpicuous, 


1 Gramen ceniculatum, : & Gramenceniculatum aquaticumi 
; Ss - S 


Kneed-graffe. TNO Water Kneed-graffe, 


A 


I AiNy) : 
SIU 


2  WaterKneed-graffe hath many long and flender ftemmes, ioynted with many knobb yand 
gouty knees likevnto Reed, fet with broad flaggy leaues fomewhat fharpe pointed ; bearing at the 
top a tuft or pannicle diuided into fundry finall branches, of a duskifh colour. His root is thred- 
die like the other, 

@ The Place, Time, and Names. 

Thefe Grafies do grow in fertile moift medowes ; not differing in time fromothers, And they 
are called Geniculata, becaufe they haue large ioynts like as it were knees, 

Wehaue nothing deliuered ys of their nature and properties, 


Cuapr. 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Dore. 


Cuar. 13. Of Bearded Panicke Graffe. 


i Gramen Paniceum. @ The Defcriptson. 
Bearded Panick Grafle. 

I Earded Panic 
large leaues | 
tie, or of an oner-worne ruflet col 

The ftalkes haue two or three ioynts at tl emoft, 
and many eares on the top, without order 3 vpon 
fome ftalkes more eares, on others fewer, much 
like vnto the eare of wilde Panicke, but that this 
hath many beards or awnes, which the other 
wants, 

2° Small Pannicke’ Grafle, as Zobetiss wris 
tcth, in roots, leaues, ioynts, and ftalkes is like 
the former, fauing that the eare is much‘ fle, 
coniifting of fewer rowes of feed, co 
final! chaftie blackifhhuskes.T his,as t] 
hath many eares ypon one ftalke, 

+ 3 This {mall Pannicke-Graffe: from a 
threddy root fendeth forth many little ftalkes, 
whereof fome are one handfull, other-fome little 
more thanan inch high, and each of thefe ftalkes 
onthe top fuftaines one fingle eare, in fhape very 
like vnto the eare of wilde Pannicke , but about 
halfe the length. The ftalkes of this aré com- 
monly crooked, and fet with graffie leaues like to 
the reftofthiskinde. The figure hereof was vn- 
fitly placed by our Author in the fixteenth place 
in thecighth chapter,vnder the tithe ofGramen Cy- 
peroides {picatum, 


\ 


1¢‘former, 


2 Gramen paniceum parvum. 
Small Panicke Graffe. 


6 q 
a 
i Hh: 
| 
L oe ins 
. @ The Place and Time. 
f i] ae eee ‘ ’ 
The firft of thefe twodoth grow neere vatomud walls, or {lich like places not manured,yet fer- 
r & tile or fruitful, 


| ial The 


~ Lisa Of theHiiftory of Plants; 


we 


17 


The fecond groweth in thallow waterie plathes of paftures, and at the fame time with others, 
# Lhauenotas yet obferued any of thefe three growing wilde, $ 
t 3, Gramen Pannici officie pica fimplici, 

Single eared Pannicke Grafle, 


Lan Leu Nn tent ols > 


| The Names and Vertnes. 


They are called Panicke Grafles, becaufe they are like the Italian corne called Panicke, 
Their nature and vertues are not knowne, 


CHiy 14, Of Hedge-bog Graffe. 


+ 1 Gramen palufire Echiaatum. 
Hedge-hog Graffe. 


2 Gramenexile Hirfutum, 


Hairy-grafte, 


Carex (Kou WL go ssid Ca ee" estris e 


18 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis... 


$3 GramenC apitilts globojis. 


Round headed Siluer-grafle. q] The Defcription. 
I Edge-hog Graffe hath long 
ftitte flagey leaues with di- 


hn ucts ftalkes proceeding from 
athicke {preading root, and at the top of 
euery ftalke growe certaine round and price 
king knobs fafhioned like an hedge-hog. 

t+ 2° The fecond is rough and hairie: 
his roots do {pred and creep vader the mud 
and myre as Cyperus doth; and at the top 
ofthe ftalkes are certaine round foft heads, 
their colour being browne, intermixed with 
yellow, fo that they looke prettily when as 
they are in their prime. 

+ 3 This Grafle (whofe figure was 
formerly in the firft place in this Chapter) 
hath a fmall and fibroustoot, ftom which 
rife leaues like thofe of Wheat, but with 
fome long white hairs vpon them like thofe 
of the lait defcribed:at the tops of the ftalks 
(which are foe foot or better high ) there 
grow two or three round heads confifting of 
{oftand white downie threds, Thefe heads 
are faid to fhine inthe night, and therefore 
they in Italy callit (according to Cefalpi. 
nus) Luctola, quia nottylucet. 

4 Tothis I may addéanother growing 
alfoin Italy, and firft deferibed by Fabius 
Columna. It hath fmall) creeping ioynted. 
toots, out of which come fmall fibres, and Jeaues little and very narrow at the firft, but thofe that 
are vpon the ftalkes are as long againe, incompaffing the ftalks, as in Wheat,Dogs-grafle, and the 
like. Thefe leaues are crefted all along, and a little forked at theend : the ftraw or ftalke 1s very 
flender, at the top whereof growes a fharpe prickly round head, much after the manner of the laft 
deferibed : each of the feed-veffels whereof this head confitts ends ina prickly ftalke hauing fine 
or feuen points, whereof the vppermoft that is in the middle isthe longeft. The feed that is con- 
tained in thefe prickly veffels is littleand tranfparent, like in colour to that of Cow-wheat. The 
floures (as in others of this kinde) hang trembling vpon yellowish {mall threds, + 


. 


q The Place and Time. BS eg ; 
+ 1 2. Theygrow inwatery medows and fields, as you may fec in Saint Georges fieldsand, 


fuch like places. : 
3 4 Boththele grow indiuers mountainous places of Italy; the later whercof floures in 
May. 


@ The Names. ae 
The firft is called Hedge-hog Graffe, and in Latine,Gramen Echinatum,by reafon of thofe pric- 
kles which are like vntoa hedge-hog. ii re 
The fecond hairy Graffe is called Gramen exile hirfutum Cyperoides, becaufeit is {mall and little, 
and roughor hairy like a Goat : and Cyperoides, becaufe his roots do {pring and creepe like the (j- 
CT US 6 
$ 3. Thisby Anguillarais thought tobe Combretum of Pliny,itis Gram.lucidum of T abernamon-~ 
tanus ,and Gramen hir{istwm capitulo globofo, of Bauhine, Pin.pag.7. 
4 Fabius Columnacalls this, Gramen montanum Echinatum tribuloides capitatum - and Bawhinena- 
smeth it, Gramen [pica fubrotundaechinata. WWee may call it in Englith , Round headed Caltrope 
Graffe. 
qq The Vertues. 7 
3 Theheade of this (which I haue thought good to call Siluer-graffe) is very good to be ap-= 
plied to greene wounds,and effe@uall to ftay bleeding,Ce/alp. + 


+ Itis euident by the name and defeription,that oar Author meant this which we here give you inthe firft place 5 yet his figure was of another Graffe fomwhat 
like thetecond,which figure and defeription you may findchere expreit in the third place. cl 
ap» 


Livg.1 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 19 


Cita Pi 156 Of Hairy Wood-Grafe. 
q ‘The Defiription, 


i Airy Wood-graffehath broad rough leaues fomewhat like the precedent, but much 

longer, and they proceed from a threddy root,which is very thicke,and ful of ftrings, 

. as the common Grafle, with {mall ftalkes rifing vp from the fame roots ; but the top 
of thefe ftalkes is diuided into a number of little branches, and on the end of euery one of them 
flandeth a little floure or huske like the top of allium Vr{iaum,ox common Ram{ons, wherein the 
feed is contained when the floure is fallen. 

2 Cyperus Wood-graffe hath many fheary graffie leaues, proceeding fromaroot made of 
many hairy ftrings or threds : atnong which there rifeth vp fundry ftraight and vpright ftalkes, on 
whofe tops are certaine {caly and chaifie huskes,or rather {pikie blackifh eares, not much vnlike 
the catkins or tags which grow on Nut-trees, or Aller trees. 


1 Gramenhirfittum nemorofilie. 


Hairy Wood-graffe. 


jue Si puto Sud. 
NY d 


y) Vy 

Y 0 

ors, {23f= y WY A 
}) a 


2, Gramen Cyperinum nemorofum, 


Cyperus Wood-graffe, 


@] The PlacesTime, and Names. 


‘Thefe two grow inwoods or thadowle places, and may in Englith be called Wood-graffes; 
Their time is common with the reft; ’ 


a Their Natire and V ertues; 


There is nothing tobe faid of theit nature and vertues, being as vnknowne as moft of the for- 
mer. Pabst WOlisy 


Ba Cuas, 


‘ 
r 
W 
N 


a 


Ts. aS mae 8 Laat ee 


nag teens 


ie we 


ee 


7 


20 Of the Hiftorie of Plants: Lisi. 


Cuar. 16: Of Sea Spike-Graffes 
@ The Defcription. 


I Ea Spike-craffe hath many fall hollow round leaues about fix inches long, rifing 
froma bufhy threddy white fibrous root, which are very foft and{mooth in hand- 
ling. Among thefe leaues there doe {pring vp many {mall rufhy ftalkes ; along ft 

whichare at the firft diuers {mall flouring tound buttons, the fides whereof falling away,the mid- 

dle part growes intoa longith feed-veffell ftanding vpright. 


2 Gramen (picatum alterun. 
Salt marth Spike grafle, 


Fi ; bas tee 
Co hain ape AOA ean 


1 Gramen marinum |picatum. 
Sea Spike-graffe. 


Zi mea 


( 


+ % Salt-marfh Spike-graffe hath a woody tough thicke root with fome fmall hairy threds 
faftned thereunto , out of whicharife long and thicke leaues very like thofe of that Sea-graffe we 
vulgarly call Thrift. And amongft thefe leaues grow vp flender naked rufhy ftalkes which haue 
on one fide {mall knobs or buttons ofa greenith colour hanging on them. 

3 Thethird hath many rufhy leaues toughand hardjofa browne colour, well refembling Ru- 
fhes :his root is compaé of many fmall tough and long ftrings. His ftalke is bare and naked of 
leaves vnto the top, on whichit hath many {mall pretty chaffie buttons or heads. 

4 The fourth is like the third, fauing that iis larger; the ftalkealfo is thicker and taller than 
that of the former, bearing at the top fuch huskes as are in Rufhes. 

5 Great Cypreffe Graffe hath diuers long three-fquare ftalkes proceeding from a root com- 
pact of many long and tough ftrings or threds. The leaues are long and broad,like vnto the fedge 
called Carex, ‘The {pike or eare of ir is like the head of Plantaine,and very prickly,and commonly 
ofa yellowith greene colour. i 

6 Small Cypreffe Graffe is like vnto the other in rootand leaues , fauing that it is fmaller 
His ftalke is fmooth and plaine, bearing at the top certaine tufts or pannicles, luke to the laft de- 
{cribed in roughneffe and colour. 


g The 


List Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


3 Gramen juncewm marinum, 4. Gramenjunceum maritimum. 
Sea Rush-graffe. Marifh Ruth-grafig, 


SES Sy pnarro LAS. 


SN WY 


We 


5 Gramen palufirt Cyperoidess , Bs 
Great pits Guillen 1, ty 


HH 
\\ HA 


6 Gramen Cyperoides parvumt.e 


Small Cypreffe Graffe. 


hy 


Hs 


ane 


a} 
ase 


7 Gramen aquaticum Cyperoides uyleatins. 
Water Cypreffe Graffe. 
g wrpud mortinud— 


= 


oo SSS 


9 Gramenjunceum filuaticum. 


Wood Rufhy-graffe. 
ov cnk 


(Arc AK oars 


22 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis ft 


sung) sopiodadlg unmvan & 4 


ee , 
“ ee mesa n> 


pero apoiddg axtds 


°2 


7 The firft ofthefe two kindesyhath many 
crooked and crambling roots of awoody fub- 
ftance, very like vnto the right Cyperus, diffe- 
ring from it onely in fmell, becaufethe right 
Cyperus roots haue a fragrant fmell,and thefe 
none at all, His leaues are long and broad, 
rough,fharp or cutting atthe edges like fedge. 
His ftalke ts long, big, and three fquare,like to 
Cyperus, and on his top a chaffievmbel or tuft 
like vnto the true Cyperus. 

~ 8 The fecond kinde hath many broad 
feaues like vnto thofe of Gillouers, but of a 
frefher greene : amongft the which rifeth Vp 2 
fhort ftalke fome handful or two high, bearing 
at the top three or foure fhort eares of ared- 
difh murrey colour, and thefe cares grow. com- 
monly together at the top of the ftalk, and not 
one vnder another. There is alfo another lef 
fer fort hereof, with leaues and roots like the 
former,but the ftalke is commonly fhorter,and. 
it hath but one fingle eare at the top thereof, 
You haue the figures of both thefe expreft in 
thefame table or piece. This kinde of Graffe 
is the Gramen [picatum foliis Vetonice of Lobel. t 

9 _ This hath long tough and hairy ftrings 
growing deepe in the carth like aturfe, which 
make the root , fromwhich rife many crooked 
tough and rufhy ftalks, hauing toward the top 
{cal y and cha fie knobs or buttons, + "Phis 


growes 


~ 


———__.. 


ro. 2 Of the Hiftory.of Plants, — | R3 


es fome halfe yard high, with round brownith heads,and the Jeaues are ioynted as you fee 
grow Ife y, gh, | i : y y 
them expreffed in the figure we heregiue you. + f 


q The Place, Time, Names, Nature, and Vertues. 


All theGraffes which we haue defcribed in this chapter doe grow in marifh and watery places 
neere to the fea, or other fenny grounds, or by muddy and myrie ditches, at the fame time that the 
others do grow and flourith. Their names are eafily gathered of the places they grow in, or by 
their Defcriptions, and are of no vertue nor propertie in medicine, or any other neceflarie v{é as 
yet knowne. 

Formerly in the eighth place (but very vnfitly) was the figure of Gramen pannicieffigie pica fimp. being the third in the thirteenth chapter. The ninthalfo is 


aR 
reftored to his due place, being the fourth inthe fixth chapter. The two Reed-graflésthac were inche cleuenth and twelfth places arg alfo before in the fifth, 
Chapters 


Cuariy, Of Couch-Graffe, or Dogs-grafve. 


I Gramen Caninum. 2 Gramen Caninum nodofum, 
Couch-grafle,or Dogs-grafle : Knotty Dogs-graffe, 
KH. lerrd AVE At eitd 


q The Defcription, 


+ 1 Le common or beft knowne Dogs-graffe, or Couch-¢raffe hath long leaues of a 
whitith greene colour: the ftalke isa cubit anda halfe high,with ioynts or knees 
’ likewheaten ftraw, but thefe ioynts are couered witha little thort down or wool- 
lineffe. The plume or tuft is like the reed, but finaller and more chaffie, and of a grayith colour: 
i creepeth in the ground hither and thitherwith Jong white roots , ioynted ar certaine diftances, 
hauing a pleafant {weet tafte, and are platted or wrapped one within another very intricately, in{o- 
much as where it hapneth in gardens among ft pot-herbes, great labour muft be taken before it can 
be deftroyed, cach piece being apt to grow, and eucry way to dilate it felfe, 
B 4 Tt 2 Knotty 


; 
q ul 
I 
4 
i 


Of the Hitterie of Plants. bie at 


A 


B 
Cc 


D 


t 2 Knotty Dogs graffe is like vnto the former in ftalke and Jeafe,but that they are of a dee- 
per colour, alfo the {pike or eare is greener, and about fome two handfulls long, much in fhape 
refembling an Oate, yet far fmaller, and is much more difperfed than the figure prefents to you. 
The roots of this are fomewhat knotty and tuberous, but that is chiefely about the Spring of the 
yeare, for afterwards they become leffe and leffe vntill the end of Summer, Andthefe bulbes do 
grow confufedly together, not retaining auy certaine fhape or number. 

@ The Place, 

t_ The firft growes in gardens and arable lands,as an infirmitic or plague of the fields, nothing 
pleafing to Husbandmen; forafter that the field is plowed, they are conftrained to gather the 
roots togetherwith harrowes and rakes ; and being fo gathered and laid ypon heapes , they fet 
them on fire left they fhould grow againe. 

2 The fecond growes in plowed fields and fuch like places, but not euery where as the other. 
Thaue found of thefe in great plenty,both growing,and plucked vpwith harrowes, as before is re- 
hearfed, in the fields next to S./ameswallas ye goto Chelfcy,and inthe fields as ye go from the 
Tower-hill of London to Radcliffe. ‘i 

| TheTime. 
Thefe Graffes {eldome come to fhew their care before Iuly. 
The Names. 

It is called Gramen Caninum, or Novnii and Vuiola. The Countreymenof Brabant name it 
Been s others, Lest geatle tofthe Grecians, jae : ofthe Latines,by the common name,Gramen. 
It is of fome named #7 < in Englith,Couch-graffe, Quitch-Graffe,and Dogs-eraffe. 

Gramen Caninum bulbofim, ox nodofum, is called in Englifh, Knobby,or Knotty Couch-grafle. 

5 gj The Nature. 

Thenature of Couch-grafle,efpecially the roots, agreeth with the nature of common Graffe: 
although that Couch-graffe be an vnwelcome guett to fields and gatdens, yet his phy ficke vertues 
do recompence thofe hurts ; for it openeth the ftoppings of the liuerand reines, without any ma- 
nifeft heate. 

The learned Phy fitions ofthe Colledge and Societie of London do hold this bulbous Couch 
graffe in temperature agreeing with the common Couch-graffe, but in vertues more effe@uall. 

g The Vertues. 

Couch-graffe healeth greene wounds. The decoétion of the root is good for the kidneys and 
bladder: it prouoketh vrine gently, and driueth forth grauell. Diofcorides and Galen doagree,that 
the root ftamped and laid ypon greehe wounds doth heale them fpeedily. 

The decoétion thereof ferueth againft griping paines of the belly, anddifficultie of making 
water. 

Marcellus an old Author maketh mention in his 26 chapter, That feuen and twenty knots of the 
herbe which is called Gramen, or Graffe, boiled in wine till halfe be confumed, preffed forth, ftrai- 
ned, and giuen to drinke to him that is troubled with the ftranguric,hath fo great vertue,thar after 
the Patient hath once begun to make water without paine, it may not be giten any more. But it 
muft be given with water onely to fuch as hauea Feuer. By which words it appeareth, That this 
knotted Graffewas taken for that which is properly called Gramen, or Agroflis, and hath bin alfo 
commended againft the ftone and difeafes of the bladder, 

The later Phyfitions doevfe the roots fometimes of this, and fometimes of the other indiffe- 
rently. 


Cuar.18 Of SeaDogs-Graffe. 


@] The Defcription. 

I He Sea Dogs-graffe is very like vnto the other before named : his leaues are long and 
flender, and very thicke compa& together, fet vponaknotty ftalke fpikedat the to 
like the former, Alfothe root crambleth and creepeth hither and thither vnder the 

earth, occupying much ground by reafon of his great encreafe of roots. 

¢ This Graflc (whereof Lobel gaue the firft feure and defcription, vnder the name of Gramen 
eniculatum C. in rhavinum) T conieaure to be that which growes plentifully vpon the banks in 
rithes by Dartford in Kent,and moft other falt places by the fea s as alfo in many banks 


d orchards about London, and moft other places farre from the fea. Now Lobels figure bering 


t good, and the defeription not extant in any of his Latine Workes . I cannotcertainly affirme 
rt 


et Ithinke it fit to giue you an exa& defcription of that I do probably iudge to be it; 


and 


List. ~ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 25 


and notonely fo, but Liudge itto be the fame Giraffe that Bavhine in his Prodromas hath fet forth, 
pag.t7. vader thename of Gramen latifolium fbicatriticea compacta, This is a very tall Graffe ; forit 
fends forth a ftalke commonly in good ground tothe height of a yard andan halfe: the Ieaues are 
large, ftitfe,and greene, almoft as big as thofe of white Wheat ; the which it alfo very much re- 
fembles in the eare, which vfually is fomehandfull and an halfe long, little {pokes ftanding by 
courfewith their flat fides towards the ftraw. About the beginning of luly itis hung with little 


1 Gramen Caninum marinum. 2: Gramen Caninum marinum alterum, 
Sea Dogs-graffe, Seca Couch-grafle, 


whitith yellow floures fuch as Wheat hath. The roots of this are like thofe of the firt defcribed. 
This fometimes varies in the largeneffe of the whole Plant, asalfo inthe ereatneffe, {parfedneffe, 
andcompadnefle ofthe eare. + 

2 Thefecond Sea Dogs-graffe is according vnto Lebel fomewhat like the former : his roots 
are more {preading and longer, dif; perfing themfelues vnder the ground farther than any of the 
teft. The leaues are like the former, thicke buthed at the top, witha clufter or buth of fhort thick 
leaues one folded within another. The ftalke and tuft is ofa middle kinde,betweene J/chemon and 
the common Couch-graffe. 

q The Place, Time, Names, Nature, andV ertues. 

They grow on the fea fhore at the fame time that others do;andare fo called becaufe they grow 

neere the fea fide. Their nature and vertues are to be referred vnto Dogs-graffe, 


Cuar.ig., Of upright Dogs-Grafe, 


S| The Defcription. * 
I Pright Dogs-grafle, or Quich-graffe, by reafon of his long fpreading ioynted roots is 
\ like vato the former, and hath at euery knot in the root fundry {trings of hairie fub- 
ftance, (hooting into the ground at cuery ioint as it ipteadeth :the ftalks ly creeping, 
or rife buta little from the ground,and at their tops hauie {pokie pannicles farre fmaller than the 


“26 ~~=——~*«O the Hyiftorie of Plants. == Lis. 2. 


common Couch-graffe. By which notes of difference it may cafily be difcerned from the other 
kindes of Dogs-grafle. 


x GramenCaninum fupinum, 
Vpright Dogs-graffe. 


ei: (ts ste eS 


2 Ladies Laces hath leaues like vnto Millet in fafhion, rough and fharpe pointed like to the 
Reed, with many white vaines or ribs, and filuer ftreakes running along through the midft of the 
leaues,fafhioning, the famelike to laces or ribbons wouen of whiteand greene filke, very beauti- 
fulland faire to behold :it groweth vnto the 
height of wilde Pannicke, with afpoky top 
not verymuch vnlike, but more compat, fofr, 
white, and chaffie. The root is {mall and hai- 
rie,and white of colour like yntothe Medow- 
graffe. : 


2 Gramen firiaium. 


Lady-lace Graffe, 


q The Place. 


1 Vpright-Dogs-gra fle groweth in dun- 
ged grounds and fertile fields. 

2 Lady-laces growes naturally in woody 
and hilly places of Sauoy , and anfwers com- 
mon Grafle inhis time of feeding. 

Itis keptand maintained in our Englith 
gardens, rather for pleafure than vertue,which 
is yet knowne. 


| The Names. 


Lobelius calleth the later, Gramen fulcatum, 
and ffriatum,ox Gramenpidtum : in Englifh,the 
Furrowed Graffe, the white Chamelion 
Grafle, or ftreaked Graffe , and vfually of our 
Englifh women it is called Lady-laces, or 
painted Graffe : in French, CAiguillettes 
darmes. 


@ The Nature andVertues. 
The vertues are referred vnto the Dogs. 
grafles. 


= 
Cuap. 


Li. 1 __Oftthe Hiftorie of Plants.) ~~—~—~—~SO 


CHap,.20. Of Dew-Graffe. 


G The Defiription. 


I Ew-graffe hath very hard and tough roots Jong and fibrous : the ftalkes are great, of 

three or foure cubits high, very rough and hairy,ioynted and kneed like the common 

Reed : the Jeaues are large and broad like vnto curne. The tuft orcareis diuided mto 

fundry branches,chaifie,and of a purple colour ; wherein is contained feed like Miliumwherewith 

the Germanes do make pottage and fuch like meat, as we in England do with Otemeale 5.and it is 

fent into Middleborough and other townes of the Low-countries,in great quantitie tor the fame 
purpofe,as Lobel hath told me. i : Mf 

2 The fecondkinde of Dew-grafle or 1/chemon is fomewhat like the firft kinde of Medow- 
gtaffe,refembling one the other in Jeaues and ftalkes, fauing that thecreft or tft is {pred or ftret- 
ched out abroad like a Cocks foot fet downe vpon the ground, ‘whereupon itwas called Galli crus, 
by Apuleius. Thefe tops are cleere and vpright, ofa gliftering purple colour, or rather yiolet ; and 
it is diuided into foure or fiue branches like the former Dew-grafle. The root confifts of a great 
many {mall fibres. : 

+ 3 Tothefemay fitly be added another Graffe , which C/ufizs hath iudged to be the medi- 
cinall Graffe ofthe Antients : and Lobe/referres it to the Dogs grafles,becaufe it hatha toot ioin- 
ted thicke, and creeping like as the Dogs-graffes : the ftalkes are fome foot high, round, and ofa 
purplith colour: but the top is very like to that of the laft deferibed, of a darke purple colour. 


1 Gramen Manne efiulentum. 2. Ifchamonvuleare. 


Dew-graffe. 


Cocks-foorgraffe, 
Ove dasa Jan wrLg 


a ¢ 
f 

) 

Y 

y 


q The Place andTime; 


I The firft groweth naturally in Germanic, Bohemia, Italy, and in the territories of Goritia 
and Carinthia,as catatthiolus reporteth, f 
2 The fecond groweth neere vnto rough bankes of fields, as Thaue feene in the hilly bankes 
neere Greenhithe in Kent. It differeth not in time from thofe we haue fpoken of. ¥ 
$ 3 “Fh 


28 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lise. 


¢ 3 This groweth plentifully in mof 


¥ 3: Gramen dettileides radice re- parts of Spaineand France ; and it is probable, 


pente. that this was the graffe that our Author found 
i i ing ime copeees a Tas ; 
Cocks-foot Graffewith creeping neere Greenhithe in Kent. 
roots, 


F : vs The Names, 

Cp bse agit a hose, ial r The Gale: call ir Himeibau s That 
is to fay,Cal: ros ;whereupon itwas called Gra- 
men Manne : iticemeth tobe Mili fylueftres (pu- 
vinm quoddam gcrus,a certaine wilde or baftard 
Kinde of Millet. Leonicenys and Ruellizs name 
itCapriola, and Sang mmaria : fome would haue 
it to be Gramen aculcatum Pling but becaufe the 
defcription thereof is very fhort,nothing can 
be certainly affirmed. But they are far decei- 
ued who thinke it be Corexopus, as fome very 
learned have fet downe: but euery one in thefe 
dayes is ab'e to contro!l that erraur. Lobel cal- 
leth tt Gramen Atanne efculentum, for that in 
Germany and other parts, as E ohemia and Ita- 
ly, they vfe to eare the fame as a kind of bread- 
corne, and a!fo make pottage therewith as wee 
do with Otemeale ; forthe which purpofe it is 
there fowenas Corne, and fent into the Low- 
countrics,and there fold by the pound. In En- 
glith it may becalled Manna-grafle, or Dew- 
graffe ; but more fitly Rice-graffe. 

2 This is iudged tobe I/chemon of Pliny ¢ 
and Galli crus of Apuleius. 

@ The Natures 

Thefe Graffes are aftringent and drying , in 

tafte fwect like the common Dogs-graffe. 
q The Vertues, 

Apuleius faith, ifa plaifter be made of this 
Graffe, Hogs greafe, and leucn of houfehold 
bread, it cureth the bitirg ofmad dogs. 

As inthe defcription I told you, this plant in his tuft or eare is divided into fundry branches, 
fome tuft into three, fome foure, and fome fiue clouen parts like Cocks toes, Apuleius reporteth, 
If ye take that eare which is diuided onely into three parts,it wonderfully he!peth the running or 
dropping of the eyes, and thofe that begin to be bleare eyed, being bour d about the necke,and fo 
vied for certaine dayes together, it turneth the bumors away from the weake part. 

¢ Manna Graffe, or Rice-graffe is faid to be very good to be put into pultefles, to difcuffe 
hard fwellings in womens brefts. 

The Cocks-foot Dogs-graffe is very good in all cafes,as the other Dogs-graffts arc,and equally 
as effectual, + : 


Pa 


tCuar.2n Of diners Gperus Groffes. 
q The Defcription. 


fear He firft of thefehath reafonable ftrong fibrous roots, from whence rife ftiffe long 

and narrow leaues like thofe of other Cyperus Graffes : the ftalkes alfo (as it is 

proper to all the plants of this kindred) are three fquare, bearing at their tops 

fome three brownith cares foftand chaffic like the reft of this kinde, and ftanding vpright, and not 
hanging downe as fome others do. 

2 ‘This hath pretty thicke creeping blacke roots, from whence arife three fquare ftalkes fet 
with leaues fhorter , yet broader than thofe of the laft deferibed ; and from the top of the ftalke 
come forth three or foure foot-ftalkes, wHereupon doc hang longifh rough fealy and yellowith 
heads. 


in, yan ncaa” SIRT TS 1 aa — a AS 
Liz. 1. Of the Hiftory of Planes. . an) 


$ 1 Gramen Cypervides aneuftifolinm majus. £2 Pfendocyper us, 
Great narrow leaued Cyperus Graffe, Baftard Cy peruss 
Cone } Serrolg — cp pers. 


+ 3 Cyperus longus inodorus fylueftris. 
Long Baftard Cyperus. 


EN 


defetibed : the 3 {quare ftalke alfo is fome 
two cubits high, bearing at the top di- 
fperfedlyround fcaly heads fomewhat like 
thofe of the wood Ruth-grafle: the leaues 
are fomewhat fharpe and triangular like 
thofe of the other Cyperus. 

4 This Cyperus hath creeping blacke 
roots, hauing here and there knotty tube- 
tous heads for the moft part, putting vp 
leaues like thofe of the laft defcribed, as 
alfoa ftalke bearing at the top long chaffy 
eares like to fome others of this kinde, 

5 This Cyperus Graffe hath pretty 
thicke fibrous and blacke roots, from 
whence arifeth a ftalke fome cubit high, 
pretty ftiffe, triangular, ioynted, fer at each 
joynt with a large greene leafewhich at 
the bortome incompafles the ftalke,which 
is omitted in the figure. At the top of the 
ftalke, as in the true Cyperus, come forth 
two or three pretty large leaues, betweene 
which rife vp many {mall foot-ftalkes very 
much branched, and bearing many blacke 
feeds fomewhat like Millet or rufhes. 


Hil 


g The Place and Time. 
Alf thefe grow in ditches and watetie 


places, 


ae 


Ee SS 


ES 


SO ew en 


se 


SS 
30 Of the Hiftory of Plants, Lis. 2 


places,and are tobe foundwith their heads about the middle of Sommer, and fome of them 
fooner. aw 
| The Names. 

The firkt of thefe by Lobel is called Gramenpaluftre majus. 

2. This by Gefner, Lobel, and Dodonew is called Pfeudocyperws. 

3 Lobe/names this, Cyperus longus inodor us fylueltris, 

4 Healfocalls this, (yperus aquaticus feptentrionalis. 

5 This isthe Cyperus graminea miliaceaof Lobel and Pena : the Iuncus latus in the Hiftor, Luca. 
pag. 988. and the P/ewdocyperus poly carpos of Thalins. / 


£ 4 Cyperus rotundus inodorus fylucftris. £ 5 Cyperus gramincus miliacens, 
Round Baftard Cyperus. Millet Cyperus graffe, 


H 
AB 
z, 


f 
re 
fi 


Gi 
ss 
The Temper andV ertue. 


None of thefe are made vie of in phyficke ; but by their tafte they feeme to be of a cold and a: 
ftringent qualitie. ¢ 


y, 


ZA 


+ Cuar.22, Of diners other Graffes. 


GQ The Defcription. 


; His Ote or Hauer-graffe, defcribed by Clufivs,hath {mall creeping roots : the ftalks 

are fome cubit high, flender ioynted,and fetwith fhort narrow leaues: at the top of 

the ftalke growes the eare, long, {lender, and bending, compofed of downy huskes containing a 

feed like toa naked Ote. The feed is ripeinIuly. It growes in the mountainous and fhadowie 

woods of Hungary, Auftria,and Bohemia. Our Author miftaking himfelfe in the figure, and as 

much inthe title, gaue the figure of this for Burnt Barley, with this title, Hordewm Diffichon. See 
the former edition, pag.66. 

2 I cannot omit this elegant Grafle, found by M.Goodyer vpon thewals of the antient city of 
Winchefter, and not defcribed as yet by any that Iknow of. It hatha fibrous and ftringy root, 
dromwhich arife leaues long and narrow,which growing old becomeroundas thofe of S nani or 

at- 


tee eee ee 
Lis. 1. Of he Hiftory of Plants. i ae 


Matweed : amongft thefe graffie leaues there growes vpa flendcr ftalke fome two foot lon a,fearfe 
ftanding vpright, but oft times hanging down the head or top ofthe eare : it hath fome two ‘oints, 
and at each of thefé a pretty grafly leafe. The care is almoft a foot in length, compofed of many 
fmall and flender hairy tufts,which when they come to maturitie looke ofa grayith or whitith co- 
tour, and dovery well refemble a Capons taile , whence my friend, the firft obferuer thereo’, saute 
itthe title of Gramen axsfuiveys, or Capons-taile Grafle : by which name I receiued the feed thereof, 


which fowen, tooke root, and flourifhes. - 


$ 1 Gra. montanum avenaceum. $ 2 Gramen muroram [pica longifsima, 
Mountaine Hauer-grafle, 1d apon-taile Graffe. 


3 Next tothis I thinke fit to place the Gramen Criftatum, or Cocks-combe graffe of Bawhinus. 
This Graffe hath for the root many white fibrous threds thicke packt together ; the leaues are but 
thort, about the bigneffe of the ordinarie medow graffe, the ftalks are fome cubit and halfe high, 
With fome two or three knotsa piece : the leanes of the ftalke are fome foure or fitte inches long: 
the care is {mall, longith, of a pale greene colour, fomewhat bending, fo that in fome fort it re- 
fembles the combe ofa Cocke, or the feed-veffell of that plant which is called Caput Gallinacenm, 
This is ordinarily tobe found in moft medowes about Mid-fummer. 


4 Thereisalfocommonly about the fame time in our medowes tobe founda Grafle gtow- -, 


ing to fome cubit high, hauing a fmall ftalke, at the top whereof there growes an eare fome inch 


and an halfe, or two inches long, confifting as it were of two rankes of corne : it very much refem-_ 


bles Rie both in fhape and colour, and inhis fhort beatded awnes, wherefore it may very fitly be 
termed Gramen fecalinum,or Rie-crafie. Yetis it not Gramen fpica fecalinawhich Banhine deforibes 
inthe fifty feuenth place, in his Prodromus, paz.18. for that is much taller,andthe eare much lar- 
ger than this of my defcription. 

s In diuers places about hedges, in Iuly and Augutt is to be founda fine large tall Graffe, 
which Bawhine (who alfo firft deferibed it) hath vnder the name of Gramen (pica BriXe majus. This 
hath ftalkes as tallas Rie, but not fo thicke, neither are the Jeaues fo broad : at the top of the ftalk 
Stow diuers pretty little flattith eares confifting of two rankes of chaffie huskes or feed-yeffells, 
which haue yellowith little floures like to thofe of Wheat. 


6 Thereisalfo commonly tobe found about May or the beginning of Iune, in medowes and 
fuch 


ne 


Se h oenud 


olbrd ~ 


pa rea a PR Tete naa Tn gd Se a 
20 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lise n 
fuch places that graffe which in the Hiforia Lugdua, is fectorth ynder the name of Gramen Lana- 
tum Datefchampy. the ftalkes and leaues are much like the common medow grafle, but thatthe 
are more whitifh and hairy ; the head or panicle is alfo foft and woolly,and it is commonly ofa 
gray,orelfe amurrice colour. 

7. There is tobe found in fome bogs in Summer time about the end of Iuly a pretty ruthie 
grafle fome toote or better inheight, the ftalke is hard and ruthie, hauing: fome three 1oints, at 
cach whereof therecomes forth aleafeas in other gtaffes,and out of the bofome ofthe two vp-= 
permoft ofthefe leaues comes out a flender ftalke being {ome 2 Or 3 inches high, and at the to 
thereof growes as in a little ymble a prety white chaffie floure ; and at, or nigh to the top ofthe 
maine {talke there grow three or foure fuch floures clu ftering together vpon little thortand {len- 
der foor ftalkes:the leaues are but fmall,and fome handfull or better long, the roote I did not ob. 
ferue. This feemes to haue fome affinitie with the Gramen juateum aquaticum,formerly deferibed 
inthe ninth chapter, I neuer found this but once,and that was in the companie of M. Thomas 
Smith,and M. lames Clarke, Apothecaries of London; we riding into Windfore Foret vpon 
the {earch of rare plants, and we found this vpona bogge neere the high way fideat the corner of 
the great parke, I thinke it may very fitly be called Gramen junzewin leucanthemum:WV hite floured 
rufh-grafle. : 

& Thelaft yeareat Margate in the Ifle of Tenet, neere to the fea fideand by the chalky cliffe 
Tobferued a pretty litle grafle which from a {mall white fibrous roote fent vp anumber of ftalkes 
ofan vnequall height, for thelongef, which were thofe thatlay partly {pred vpon the ground, 
were fome handfull high the other that grew ftraightvp were not fo much; and of this, one inch 
and halfe was taken vp in the {pike or eare,which was no thicker than the reft of the ftalke, and 
feemed nothing elfe buta plaine fmooth ftalke, vnlefle you looked vpon it earneftly,and then you 
might perceiue it tobe like Darnell graffe:wherefore in the Iournall that I wrot of this Sim- 
pling voyage, I called it pag.3.Gramen p wuum marinum (pica Loliacea, 1 iudge it to bethe fame 
that Bauhine in his Prodromus,pag.19 hath fet forth vnder the name of Gramen Loliaceum minus fpi- 
ca fimplici. It may be called in Englith, Dwarfe Se Graff. : 

9 The Darnell graffe thay compared the care ofthis laft deferibed vnto,is not the Gramen 
forheinum (which our Author called=Darnel-ora fle) but another graffe growing in moft places 
with ftalkes about fome fpan high,but they feldome ftand vpright, the eare is made iuft like that 
which hereafter chap.58.is called Lolium rubrum, Red Darnell,ofwhich I iudge this a variety dif 
fering little therefrom but in fmalineffe of growth. 

to Vpon Hampfted heath I haue often obferueda {mall graflewhofe longeft leaues are fel’ 
dome aboue two or three inches high,and ghefe leaues are very greene, {mall,and perfe@ly round 
like the Spartum _Auftriacum, or Feather-graffe : I could neuer finde any ftalke or eare vpon it: 
wherefore Ihaue brought it into the Garden to obfetue it better. In the forementioned Tournall, 
pag.33. you may finde itynderthe name of Graven Spartium capillaceo folio minimum. It may be 
this is that graffe which Bawhine fet forth in his Prodromus,pag.1 1 .vnder the title of Gramen |par- 
teum Mon|peliacum capillaceo folio minimum.1 haue thought good in rhis place to explaine my mea- 
ning by thefe two names to fuchas are ftudious of plants, which may happen to light by chance 
(for they were not intended for publicke) vpon our Tournall, that they need not doubt of my 
meaning. 

tz I mutt not paffe ouerin filence two other Graffes, which for any thing that I know are 
{rangers with vs,the one I haue feenewhith M. Parkinfon, and it is fer forth by Bawhine,paz.30.0£ 
his Predromus. ‘The other by Lobel in the {econd part of his Adverfaris »pag.468. The irft (which 
uhine fitly calls Gramen alopecuriodes (pica afpera,and thinkes it to be Gram, Echinatum Dalefcham.. 
pa, detcribed Hist. Lugd. paz.432.) hath a fibrous and white root, from which arifes a ftiffe 
ftalke dinided by many knots,or knees : the leaues are like to the other fox-taile graffes,but gree- 
he care 1s tough,of fome inch in length, and growes as itwere vpon one fide of the ftalke:the 
eare at firlt is greene, and fhewes yellowith little fowers in Augutt. 

r2, This other Graffe which Loéel/ in the quoted place figures and defcribes by the name of 


* Gramen Scoparium {chemi pannicults Gallicum, hath rootes fome cubit long, flender,and very dtiffe, 


(for.of thefe are made the head. bruthes which are vu Igarly vfed)the ftraw is flender, and fome cu- 
bit high, being heereand there ioynted like to other Graffes : the top hath foure or fiue eares 
ftanding after the manner of Cocks foot Graffe, whereof it isa kinde. It growes naturally about 
Orleance, and may be called in Englifh, Bruth-graffe, ep 


Cuar 


rh 


—— FA 
Se / 

oa AN nt 
—H 


List Of the Hiftory of Plants, 29 


Cuap. 23, Of Cotton Graffe. 
© The defcription. 


* His ftrange Cotton graflewhich L’obelins hath com ptehended vnder the kindes 
» of Rufhes ; notwithftanding that it thay paffe with the Ruthes, yet { finde in 
~%, mine owne experience, that it dorh rather refemble graffe chan rufhes,and ma 

» age indifferently be taken for cither,for that it doth participate of both. The ftalke 
is fmall and rufhy, garnifhed with many graffy leaues alone ft the (anid Melting atthe topa buth 
or tuft of moft pleafant downe or cotton like vnto the moft fine and foft white filke. The roor’ 
is very tough, {mall and threddy. 

2 This Water Gladiole,or gratfy Ruth, of all others is the fairet and mott pleafant to be- 
hold, and ferueth very well for the decking and trimming vp of honfes, becaufe of the beauty 
and Graueric thereof: confifting offundry fmall leaues, of a white colour mixed with carnation, 
growing at the top of abareand naked ftalke, fiue or fix foot long, and fometime’ more. «The 
leaues arc long and flaggy, not much vnlike the common reed. The toot is threddy,and not | ong. 


OD 


1 Gramen Tomentarium, 2 Gladiolys paluftris Cordi. 
: Cotton Graffe, tele Water Gladiole, is 
Er Umm "eT as 4 ieee Py uh ODINNAAS VA EEK OMS 


Sry 


— 


yi 4 
rasa 

x) 
ae 


“a The place and time. ; a ; 
+r Cotton graffe sroweth vpon bogs and fuch like moorith places,and itis to be feene vpon 
the bogs on Hamptted heath. It groweth likewife in Highgate parkencere London, aie 
2 Water Gladiole groweth in ftanding pooles, motes, and water ditches.J found it in great 
plenty being in:company witha Worthipfull Gentleman Matter Robert Wilbraham, ata illage 
fifteene miles from London called Buthey. Itgroweth likewife neere Redritfe by London, and 
many other places : the feafonanfwerethall others: 
3 Qe The names. t it fy ; 
1 GramenTomentofium is called likewife Iuncus bombicinus + of: Cordus, Lina praten(e, atic Gras 


halinn Hicronymi Bock. In Enelith Cotton grafie: 
: q > : S C 2 Water 


30 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. t 


2 Water Gladiole is called of L’ Obcline, luncus Cyperoides floridus paludofus, Flowring Cy- 
preffe Ruth: Iwacus, for that his ftalke is like the ruth : Cyperoides, becaufe his leaues refemble 
Cyperus > Floridus, becaufe it hath on the top of every ftalkea fine vmble or tuft of {mall flowers, 
in fafhion of the Lilly of Alexandria, the which it 1s very like, anditherefore I had rather call it 
Lilly graffe. 


The nature and vertues. 
A. Cordus faith, That Iuncus bombicinus fodden in wine, and fo takenshelpeth the throwes and gri- 
pings of the belly, that women haue in their childing, 


- Therebe alfo fundry kinds of Graffes wholly vnknowne,or at the leaft notremembred of the 
‘old Writers, whereof fome few are touched in name onely bythe late and new ‘Writers : now 
for as much as they haue onely named them, I will referre the Better confideration of themto the 
induftrie and diligence of painefull fearchers of nature, and profecute my purpofed labour, to 
unfold the divers forts and manifold kindes of Cyperws,Plags,and Ruthes : and becaufe that there 
“is added vnto many ofthe Grafles before mentioned, this difference, Cyperoides, that is to fay, 
refembling Cyperus, I rbought it therefore expedient to ioyne next ynto the hiftory of gipffes, 
the difcourfe of Cyperws,and his kindes, which are as follow, 


A | Cuar.24. Of EnglifhGalingale. 


¥ Cyperus longus. 2 Cyperus rotundus vulgaris. 


Englifh Galingale ¥ Round Galingale. 


SSS 
SSS 


Sox 


hy ji q| The defcription. 
Nelith Galingale hath leaues like vnto thecemmon Reed, but leffer. and 
fhorter, His ftalke is three {quare,two cubits high : vpon whofe top ftand 
yq,| fundry branches, euery little branch bearing many {mall chaffy {pikes, 
4 The root is blacke andvery long, creeping hither and thither, occupying 
much ground by reafon of his {preading 2 it is of amoft {weet and plea- 
=i fant fmell when it isbrokem a ins 
2 The 


=F 


er Of the Hiftory of Planes. 31 


2  Thecommon round Cyperws is like the former in leaues and tops, but the roots are here 
and there knotty and round, and notalrogether fowellfimelling as the former, 

+ 3 Thereds alfo.another Cyperus which growes in Syriaand Aigypt,whofe roots arc tound, 
blackifh, and large, many hanging vpon one ftring, and hauing a quicke and aromaticke finell: 
the leaues and {pokyn-tufts refemble the former, 

4 There is faidto be another kindeof this laft deferibed, which is lefler, and the roots are 
blacker, and it growes in Creet, now called Candy. 

5 There isalfo another round Cyperws which growes about ditches and the bankes of Riuers 
whereas the {alt water fometimes comes : the roots of this are hard and blacke without finell, 
many hanging fometimes vpon one {tring : the ftalkcand leaues ate much like the former,but the 
heads vnlike, for they are rough and blackith,about the bigneffe of a filbert,and hang {ome fix or 
feuenatthe top of the ftalke. It flouges inIuly and Augutt, + ; 


i) 


@ The place and times 5 Cyperus rotundus littoreus. 
x2. The firftand fecond of chefegrow naturally in Round Salt-marfh Cyper ms. 
fenay grounds, yet will they profper exceedingly in gar- 4 aupud WaoDanu3 B 


dens, as Eh cel hath taughrvs. 

3.4 The former ofthefe growes naturally in Syria 
and Agypt, the later in Candy. \ 

5 This grewes plentifully in the Marifhes below 
Grauefend,in Shipey,Tenet,and other places. 

q The nameimgencrall, 

Cyperus ts called in Greeke, xcweess, Or ximes: of the La- 
tines as well Cypirus as Cyperus: of fome Iuncus quadratus: 
of Pliny Inncus Angulofus,and Tridtgularis : of others A- 
fpalathum and Eryfi(ceptron : in French Sovchet : in Dutch 
Galgass s in Spanith Lunco edorofa: By vs Gyperus and En- 
glith Galangall. 

£ @ The names inparticular. 

t_ This is called Cyperss longus, and Cyperus longus O- 
deratior : in Englith,Common Cyperus and Englifh Gal- 
lingall.2 Thisis called Cyperus rotundus vulgaris§Round 
Englith Galangall. 3 Cyperss rotundus@yriacus, or A- 
Syptiacus, Syrian or Agyptian round Cyperus. 4 Cyperus 
minor Creticus, Candy round Cyperus. 5 Cyperus rotundus 
snodorus Littorews, Round Salt-marth Cyperus, or Galin- 
gale, + 

+ @| The nature. 

Diofcorides faith, That Cyperus hath an heating quali- 
tie. Galen faith, Theroots are moft effeétual in medicine, 
and are of an heating and drying qualitie : and fome doe 
reckon itto be hot and dry in the fecond degtee. 

The vertues. 

It maketh a moft profitable drinke to breake and ex- 3 A 
pell grauell, and helpeth the dropfie. 

Ifit be boyled in wine, and drunke, it prouoketh vrine, driueth forth the ftone » and bringeth p 
downe the naturall fickneffe of women. 

The fame taken as aforefaid,is a remedic againft the ftinging and poyfon of Serpents. Cc 

Fernelius faith, The root of Cyperus vfed in Baths helpeth the coldneffe and ftopping of the p 
matrix, and prouoketh rhe termes. 

He writeth alfo, that it increafeth bloud by warming the body, and maketh good digeftion; g 
wonderfully refrefhing the {pirits, and exhilarating the minde, comforting the fenfes , and en- 
creafing their liuelineff, reftoring the colour decayed, and making a fect breath. 

The powder of Cyperus doth not onely, dry vp all moitt vicers either of the mouth,priuy mem- B 
bers, and fundament, but ftaycth the humor and healeth them, though they be maligne and vi- 
tulent,according to the iudgement of Fernelins. 


Cd CuapP; 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. n 


an’ 


t Cuarz5. Of Ftalan Trafi, or Spanifh Galingale. 


i Cyperus Efculentus fine Caule ey flore, 2 Cyperus Efculentus,fine Trafi Italorum. 


Italian Trafi,or Spanith Galingall, Italian Trafi,or Spanifh Galingall. 
without ftalke and floure. 


ee He Italian Trafi, which is here termed Spanith Galingale, is a plant that hath 
many {mall roots, hanging at ftringy fibers like as our ordinary Dropwort 
roots do, but they are of the bigneffe.of a little Medlar, and haue one end flat 
and as it were crowned like as a Medlar, and it hath alfo fundry ftreakes or lines, feeming to di- 
uide it into feueral parts ; it is ofa brownith colour without, and white within ; the tafte there- 
ofis fiweetalmoft likea Chefnut. The leaues are very like thofe of the garden Cyperws,and neuer 
exceedacubitin length. Stalkes, flowers, or feed ithathnone, as Zohn Posaan Apothecary of 
Verona, who diligently obferued it nigh to that city whereas it naturally growes,affirmes ; bat 
he faith there growes with it much wild Cyperus, which as he judges hath giuen occafion of their 
errorwho giue it the ftalkes and flowers of Cyperus,or Englith Galingale,as Matthiolws and others 
haue done. It is encreafed by fetting the roots firft fteeped inwater,at the beginning of Nouem- 
ber. I haue here giuen you the figure of it without the ftalke, according to Pona,and withthe 
ftalke, according to Matthiolws and others. 
@ The sames. 

The Italian Traft is called in Greeke by Theophraffus wern-sin», Hift. plant. 4. cap. 10. as Fabius 
Columna hath proued at large : Pliny termes it Aathalium : the later writers Cyperus Efculentus, and 
Dulcichinum - The Italians, Trafi, and D olXolini, by which names in Italy they are cryed vp and 
downe the ftreets,as Oranges and Lemmons are here. 

| Thetemper and vertues, 

The milke or creame of thefe Bulbous rootes being drunke,mundifies the breftand lungs; 
wherefore it is very good for fuchas are troubled with-coughs. Now you muft beat thefe roots, 
and macerate them in broth, and then preffe out the creame through a linnencloath, which by 
fome late Writers is commended alfo to be vfed in venereous potions. 

The fame creame is alfo good to be drunke againft the heate and fharpneffe of the vrine,efpe- 
cially if you in making it doadde thereto the feeds of Pompions,Gourds, and Cucumbers. The 
Citifens of Verona eate them for dainties, but they are fomewhat windy. $ ee 

bet aps 


List Of the Hiftory of Plants, 3 33 
? SE ee eles Set ee es Ee ee Le) — a 


¢ Cuar.26. Of shetrue Galingale, the greater and the lefler. 


X Galanga major. $ 2 Galanga minor. 
: The pete Galingale. The leffer Galingale. 


He affinitie ofname and nature hath induced me in this place to infert thefe two; the big 
"Ke and the leffer Galingale ; firft therefore of the greater. 
q The defcriprion. 

1 The great Galingale, whofe rootonely is invfe, andbroughtto vs from Iavain the 
Eaft Indies, hath flaggy leaues fome two cubits high, like thefe of Catf-taile or Reed-mace : the 
rent is thickeand knotty, refembling thofe of our ordinary flagges, but that they are of a more 
whitith colour on the infide,and not {o large. Their raft is very hot ahd biting, and they are fom- 
what reddifh on the outfide. ' 

2 The leffer growing in China,and commonly in fhops called Galingale, without any additi- 
on, is a {mall rootof a brownith red colobr both within and without ; the tafte is hot and bitin, 4 
the finell aromaticall, the leaues (if we may pedi Garcias ab Horto) atc like thofe of Myrtles, 

; The sames. 

t The firft iscalled by Matrhiolus, Lobel, and others, Galanga major. Some thinke it to be 
the Acoras of the Ancients : and Pesaand Lobell in their Stirp. Aduerf. queftion whither it be not 
the Acorus Galaticus of Diofcerides. But how{oeuer, it is the Acorus of the thops, and by many 
vfed in Mithridate in ftead of the true. The Indians call it LancuaX. 

2 The lefferis called Galanga, and Galanga minor, to diftinguith it from the precedent. The 
Chinois call it Lavandon : the Indians Lanewaz : we in England terme it Galingale, without any 
addition. 

| Their temper and vertue. 

Thefe roots are hotand dry in the third degree, but the Jeffer are fomiewhat the hotter, 

They ftrengthen the ftomacke, and mitigate the paines thereof arifing from cold and flatu- 
fencies, 
~. The finell, efpecially of the leffer, comforts the too cold braine; the fubftance thereof being 
chewed fiveetens the breath. It is good alfo againft the beating of the heart. 

They are vfefull againft the Collicke proceeding of flatulencies, and the flatulent affects of 
the wombe ; they conduce tovenery, and heate the too cold reines. Toconclude, they are good 
againft allcolddifeafes. $ 


* Cuar.27. Of Turmericke. , 


His alfo challengeth the next place,as belonging to this Tribeaccording to Diofiorides ; 
yet theroot, which onely is brought vs, and in vfe,doth more on the outfide refemble Gin 
ger, but thatit is yellower, and not fo flat, but rounder. The infide thereof is of a Saffron 
colour,the tafte hot and bitterifh ; it is {aid co haue leaues larger than thofe of Millet,and a leas 
fie Ralke. ‘There is fome varictic of thefe roots, for fome are longer, and others rounder, and the 
later are the hotter, and they are brought ouer oft times together with Ginger, bed ft 
q| The place. 
It growes naturally in the Eaft-Indies about Calecut, as alfo at Goa. 
© The names. 
This without doubt is the Cyperus ndicus of Dioftorides, Lib, 1, Cap. 4. It is now vulgatly by 
i ce Fag li Giz ebooks moft 


A 
B 
Cc 


zi, | “OF the Hiltorie ‘of Plants? Lise a 


moft Writers, and in fhops,called by thename of Terra mecrita, and Curcuma : yet fome terme it 
Crocus Inditus, nd. wein Englith call it Turmericke.. (ce | Ae ef 

. The temperature and vertues. : 
A Thisrootis certainly hotin the third degree, and hatha qualitie to open obftructions, and it 
is vfed with good fuccefle in medicines againft the yellow Iaundife,and againft the cold diftem- 
pers of the Liner and fpleene. : 


a — —:- — — Loi 


Cuar. 28. Of Zedoarie. 
¥ FP Edoarie is alfo @ root growing naturally in + Zerumbeth, fine Zedoariarotunda, 
the woods of Malavar about Calecut and Ca- Round Zedoarie. 


nanor in the Indies , the leaues thereofare lar- 
ger than Ginger, and much like them; the root is 
alfo as large, but confifting of parts of different fi- 
gures, fome long and fnvall, others round ; their co- 
lour is white,and oft times brownifh on the infide, 
and they fiaue many fibers comming out of them, 
but they are taken away together with the outward . 
rinde before they come to vs. Thefe roots hauea ftrong medicine-like fmell, and fomewhar an 
vogratefulltafte, 


| The names. 

Some call the long parts of thefe roots Zedoaria,and the round (whofe figure we here giue you) 
Zerumbeth, and make them different, whenas indeed they are but parts of the fame root,as Lobell 
and others haue well obferued. Some make Zedoariaand Zerumbeth differentas  A4uicex : others 
confound them and make them one, as Rhafés and Serapio. Some thinke it robe ‘apaee of Agine- 
ta: but that is not fo; forhe faith, -W seusmdérsu ‘Qu, imi wens psec uywmy 5 It isan Aromaticke, and 
therefore chiefely mixed in’ointments : which is as muchas if he fhould haue faid, That it was 
put into ointments for the {mells fake, which in this isnowayes gratefull, bur ratherthe con- 
trarie. 

The temperature and vertues. 

‘A _ Itishot and dry in the fecond degree ; itdifcuffes flatulencies, and fattens by acertaine hid. 
den qualitie, Italfo diffipates and amends the yngratefull {mell which Garlicke, Onions,orroo 
much wine infe& the breath withall, ifit be eatenafterthem. It cures the bites and ftings of 
venomous creatures, ftops laskes, refolues the Abfceffes ofthe wombe, ftayes yomiting, helpes 
the Collicke, as alfo the paine of the ftomacke. 

B  Irkills all forts of wormes, and is much vfed in Antidotesagainft the plague, and fuch like 
contagious difeafes, + 


! id Cuar.29. Of Rufbes. 


£ T Donothere intend to trouble you with an accurate diftin€ion and enumeration of Ruthes ; 
for if I fhould, it would be tedious to you, laborious to me,and beneficiall to neither. There- 
fore I willonely defcribe and reckon vp the chiefe and more note-worthy of them, beginning 
! with the moft vfuall and common. + 
; @| The defcription, 


*) 1 The roots ofour common Rufhes are long and hairy, {preading largely in the ground, from 
_ which, as from one entire tuft, proceed a gfeat company of fimall rufhes ; fo exceedingly well 
| i knowne, that I fhalI norneed to{pend.much time about the defcription thereof, 

+i 2° There be fumdry forts of Rufhes befides the former, whofe piatures are not here expreft, 
| and therather, for that the generall defcription of Ruthes, asalfo their common vfeand feruice, 


are fufficient to leade vs tothe knowledge ofthem. This great Water-Graffe or Bul-Ruth, in 
| iH ftead of leaues bringeth forth many ftrait twiggie fhoots or fprings , which be round, fimooth, 
fharpe pointed, and without knots. Their tuft or flower breaketh forth a little beneath the top, 
; ia vpon the one fide ofthe Ruth, growing vpon little fhort fkems like Grape clufters, wherein is 
| it contained the feed after the fafhion of a fpeares point. The roots be flender and full of firings, 
" ie > } | 1 2 
ie Pliny, and Theophraftus before him, affitme that the roots of the Ruth do die euery yeare, and that 
E it groweth 

i) 


ae 


5 


yfually make mats,and’bottom chaires therewith, The feeds are contained in reddith tufts,brea- 
king out atthe top theteof, The roots are large and ioynted,and it grows not voleffcin waters. 4 
4 Tunonsacutus, ox the fharpe Ruthyis likewafe common and well, knowne ; not much dite. 
ring fronnJaneus lexis, but harder; rougher, and tharper,pointed, fitter to-ftraw honfes and. cham- 
bers than any of thereft ; for the others are fo foft and pithy, that they turne to duftand filth 
with much treading ; where conttariwife this,suth is fo hard that itwill Jatfoundmauch longer. ¢ - 
$5 There isalfo another pretty {mall kinde of Ruth growing to fome foosin heigth, ha- Sc Be 
uing {moothfkalkes which.end inahead liketothat of the ordinary Horfe-taile. This ruth bath fpolustis 
alfo onedittle yoynt towards the bottome thereof. It growes in watery places, but not fo fre- 
quently as the former. + : 


ud 


1 Iuacus levis. 4 Tuncus acutus. 3 Iuncus aquaticns maximus, 
Common Ruthes. Sharpe Ruth, or hard Rudh, Great Water-Ruth,or Bul-Ruth. 
Cr v4 aes Wan ‘ LOMtLUS , 
pees (fuss a) MA~ACUS 9 


Y 


SS 


Et 


SS 

So 
= ES 
Sil 


| 
ATTA IL 
Trinny s, 


vANZ ; 
TS AN Wp 
SA aac ar 
RUPEE KISS 
SPAN SS ON 
a eeu Lasareatil ny WA 


j ‘i gq The place. 
X lwnens lenis srowetlvin fertile fields, and meadowes that are fomewhat muift, 
2 3.5 Grow in ftanding pooles,and by tiuers fides in fundty places. 
4. Jwncus acutus sroweth vpon dry agd-barren grounds,eh pecially neere the furrows of plowed 
land.’ need not fpeake of their timeof growing, they being fo commonas they ate. 
’ @ Thenames. — 
The Ruth is called in Greeke she !in Latine Zuncus : in high Dutch inkens in low Dutch 
Bieler ¢ in lttlian Giunca : in Spailith tunco : in French one = in EnglithRuthes. ; 
2 3 The Grecians haue called the Bull- Ruth serene. The greater are commonly in many 
places termed Bumbles p 
1 lwneus lewis is that Rufhwhich Diofcarides. called aie rete 
4 rine acutus is Called in Grecke suo. In Dutch aaferen wBaelett, a 
ops aa ke areeey Lobel, Tuncus agnsticus minor Capisules Equilesi ; By Dalofchampinsyluncus clas ee ag im 


¥ 
@ The 


| Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis... 


@ The nature and verties. 


Thefe Ru thes are of a dry nature. ; 

A Thefeed of Ruthes dried at the fire, and drunke with wine alayed with water, ftayerh the laske 
and the ouermuch flowing of womens termes. ; 

B _ Galenyeeldeth this reafon thereof, becaufe that their temperature confifteth of an carthy ef: 
fence, moderately cold and watery, and meanly hot , and therefore doth the more eafily drie vp 
the lower parts, and by little and little fend vp the cold humours to the head, whereby it prouo- 
keth drowfineffe and defire to fleepe,but cau eth the head-ache ; whereof Galen yeeldeth the rea- 
fon as before. : : : 

C _ Thetender leaves that be next the root make a conuenient ointment againft the bitings of the 
Spider called Phalangium. 

D The feed of the Bull-Ruth is moft foporiferous, and therefore the greatet caré muft be had in 
the adminiftration thereof, left in prouoking fleepe you induce a drowfineffe or dead flecpe. 


Crap. 30. Of Reeds. 


q Thekindes, 

F Reeds the Ancients haue fer downe many forts. 7 a a hath brought them all Gr 
into two principall kindes, and thofe hath he diuided againe into moe forts. The two 
ptincipall are thefe, Auletice, or Tibiales Arundines, and Arundo vallatoria, Of thefe and the 

reft wewill {peake in their proper places« 


a Arundo vallatoria. +N é 2 Arundo Cypria, 
Qnund, Common Reed, Phoog nuttid Cyprefle Canes. 


q The defcription. 

z He common Reed hath long ftrawie ftalkes full of knotty joints or knees like vnto 
corne, whereupon do grow very long rough flaggy leaues. The tuft or fpoky eare 
doth grow atthe top of the ftalkes, browne of colour, barren and without feed, and 

doth refemble a bufh of feathers, which turneth into fine downe or cottonwhich is carried away 
withthewinde, The root is thicke, long, and fullof firings, difperfing themfelues farre ce 
whereby 


Lint “Of the Hiftorie of Plant SSC 


whetby it doth greatly increafe, + Bawbiaus veports, That he teceiued from D Cargilla Seottith: 
mana Reed whofe leaues were a cubit long, and two or three inches broad, with fome nertec ape 
parantly running along ft the leafe ; thefe leaues at the top wete ditiided into twa, three, or ferare 
points or parts ; as yet I haue not obferued it. Bazhine termes it Arundo Anglica folys in fxmmirave 
diffedtis. é 

t The Cyprefle Reed is a great Reed hauing ftalkes exceeditig long, fometimes twenty ot 
thirty foot high,ofa woody fubftance, fet with very great leaues I1ke thofe of T urky wheave. It 
carrieth at the top the like downie tuft that the former doth, 


3 Arundo fara, 3 Thefe Reeds Lobelins hath feene inthe Low counz 
Stuffed Canes. tries brought from Conftantinople, where, as it is faid, 
4 Calamus fagittalis Lobelij. the people of that countrey haue procured them from 
Small ftutfed Reed, the parts of the Adriaticke fea fidew here they do grow. 

5 Naflos Clufij. They are full ftuft witha {pongeous fubftance, fo that 
Turky walking ftaues, there is no hollowneffe in the fame,as in Canes & other 

6 Arundofcriptoria. Reeds,except hereand there certaine {mall potes or paf- 
Turky writing Reeds. fages.of the bigneffe of a pinnes point ; in manner fuch 


a pith as is to be found inthe Bull-Ruth,but more firme 
and folid. 

4, The fecondditfereth in finalnefle,and that itwill 
winde open in fleakes, otherwife they are very like, and 
are vfed for darts, arrowes,and fuch like, 

5 This great fort of Reeds or Canes hath no parti- 
cular defcription to anfer your expe@ation, for thatas 
yet there is not any man which hath written thercof, 
efpécially of the manner of growing of them, either of 
his owne knowledge or report from others: fothat it 
fhall futiice that yee know that that great cane is vfed 
efpecially in Conftantinople and thereabout, of aged 
and wealthy Citifens,and alfo Noblemenand fuch great 
perfonages,to make them walking ftaues of, caruing 
themat the top with fundry Scutehions, and pretty 
toyes of imagerie for the beautifying of them; and fo 
theyofthe better fort do garnith>them both with fil- 
ucr and gold, as the figure doth moft liuely fer forth vn- 
to.you. 

6. Inlike manner the fmaller fort hath not as yer 
beene feene growing of any that haue beene curious in 
herbarifine, whereby they might fet downe any certain- 
tie thereof ; onely it hath beene vfed in Conftantinople 
and thereabour, cuen to this-day, to make writing pens 
withall, for the which it doth very fitly ferue,as alfo to 
make pipes, and fiach like thiags of pleafure. 

Gi The place. } 

Thecommon Reed groweth in ftanding waters and inthe edges and borders of riners almoft 
Bi where:and the other being the angling Cane for Fillets groweth in Spaine and thofe hot 

egions. 


Thetime, 
‘They flourith and flower from April to ci end of September, at what time they are cut down 
for the vfe of man, as all do know, 
The wames. 
Thecommon Reed is called Arundo and Harundowalatoria : in French Roféaw : in Dutch tet $ 
in Italian Canne afar fiepo : of Diofc. Phragmitis : in Englith,Reed. : 
Arundo Cypria, or after Lobelins, Arundo Donax : in French Canze : in Spanith Casa ; in Teal ian, 
Calanzi a far Connochia : In Englith, Pole reedyand Cane, ot Canes. 
q Thenature. 
Reedsare hot and dry in the fecond degree, as Galen faith. 
The vertues, 
The roots of reed ftamped fmal draw forth thorns and fplinters fixed in any partofmans body, 
The fame ftamped'with vineger eafe all hixations and members out of ioynt. = 
_/\nd likewife ftamped they heale hor and (harpe inflammations. The athes of then mixed 
with yinegerhelpeth the feales and feurfeof the head, and helperh the falling of the haire. Me 
ie 


D 


38 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis... 


The great Reed or Cane is not vfed in phyficke,but is efteemed to make fears for Weauers; 
fundry forts of pipes, as alfo to light candles thar ftand before Images, and to make hedges and 
pales, as we doof laths and fuch like, and alfo to make certaine diuifions in hips todiuide the 
{weet oranges from the fowre, the pomecitron and lemmons likewife in findes, and many other 
purpofes. 


Cuar. 3. Of Sugar Cane. 


gq The defcription. 

1° €°Vegar Cane is a pleafant and profitable Reed, hauing long ftalkes fenen or eight foot 
high, ioynted or kneed like wnto the great Cane, the leaues come forth of eueric 

joynt oneuery fide of the ftalke’ one, like vnto wings, long, narrow, and fharpe poin- 

ted. The Cane it felfe, or ftalke is not hollow as other Canes or Reeds are, bur full;and ftutfed 
with a fpongeous fubftance in tafte exceeding fiveet. The root is great and long, creeping along 
within the vpper cruft of the earth, which is likewife fivect and pleafant,but leffe hard or woody 
than other Canes or Reeds; from the which there doth#hoot forth many yong fiens, which are 
cut away from the maine or mother plant, becaufe they fhould not draw away the nourifhment 
from the old ftocke, and fo get vnto themfelues a little moifture,or elfe fome fubftance not much 
worth, and caufe the ftocke tobe barren, and themfelues little the better , which fhoots do ferue 
for plants to fet abroad for encreafe. 


@ The place. 
Arundo Sacchavina. The Sugar Cane groweth in many parts of Eu- 
Sugar Cane. - rope at this day, as in Spaine, Portugal, Olbia, and 
; in Prouence. It groweth alfo in Barbaric, generally 
almoft euery where inthe Canarie Iflands , and in 
thofe of Madera, in the Eaftand Weft Indies, and 
many other places. My felfe did plant fome fhoots 
thereof in my garden,and fome in Flanders did the 
like: burthe coldneffe of ourclymate made an end 
of mine,and I thinke the Flemings will haue the like 
“profit oftheit labour. 


Vf ; @ Thetime. 


Uf 


Zea 


a 


a 


Ka 
SS 


LA 


\\ he. This Cane isplanted at any time of the yeare in 
W FA thofe hot countries where ir doth naturally grow,by 
\ ul ' reafon they feare\no frofts to hurtthe yong fhoots at 


Y their firft planting. 


@ The names. 

The Latines haue called this plant Arunda Saccha— 
rina, with this additament, Indica,becaufe it was firfk 
knowne or brought from India. Offome it is called 
Calamus Saccharatus : in Englith Sugar Cane : in 
Dutch Supickerriedt, 

Thenature and vertues. 

The Sugar or juice of this Reed is ofa temperate 
qualitie at drieth and cleanfeth the ftomacke , ma- 
keth {mooth the ‘roughnefleof the breftand lungs, 
cleareth the voice, and putteth away hoarfeneffe, the 
WA cough,andiall foureneffe and bitternefle,as Z/aac faith 

ff in Dithis. ; 
sn Thevfe. 

Of the tuyce of this Reed is made the moft pleafantand profitable fweet, called Sugar, where- 
of is made infinite confeions, confectures, fyrups,and fuch like,as alfo preferuing,and con- 
feruing offundry fruits, herbes,and flowers,as Rofes, Violets, Rofemary flowers, and .fuch like, 
which ftill retaine with them the name of Sugar,as Sugar Rofet, Sugar violet, 8c: The which 
towrite of would require a peculiar volume, and not pertinent vnto this hiftorie, for that itis not 
my purpofe to make of my bookea ConfeGionaric,a Sugar Bakers furnace’, a Gentlewomans 
preferuing pan, nor yet an A pothecaries fhop or Difpenfatorie-; but onely,to touch the chiefeft 
matter that I purpofed to handle in the beginning,that is, the nature,properties, and defcriptions 
of plants. Notwithanding I thinke it not amiffetoifhew vato you the ordering of thefe an 
when 


List Of she Hitborid of Planes} | 39 


when they be new gathered, as I receiued it from the mouth of an Indian my feruant: he faith, 
They cut them in fmall pieces, and put them intoa trough made of onewhole tree, wherein they 
puta great ftone in manner ofa mill-{tone, whereunto they tie a horfe, buffle, or fome other beaft 
which draweth itround: in which trough they put thofe pieces of Canes, and fo cruth and grind 
themas we do the barkes of trees for Tanners, or apples for Cyder. But in. fome places they vfé 
a great wheele, wherein flaues do tread and walkeas dogs do in turning the fpit: and fome others 
do feed as it were the bottome of the faid whecle, wherein are fome fharpe or hard things which 
do cutand crufh the Canes into powder. And fome likewife haue found the inuention to turne 
thewheele with water workes, as we do our iron mills. The Canes being thus brought into duf 
or powder, they put them into great cauldrons witha little water, where they boyle vntill there 
be no more fweetnefft left in the crufhed reeds. Then doe they ftraine them through mats and 
fuch like things, and put the liquor to boyle againe vnto the confiftence of honey, which being 
cold is like vnto fand both in fhew and handling, but fomewhat fofter sand fo afterward it is car- 
ried intoall parts of Europe, where it is by the Sugar Bakers attificially purged and refined to 
that whiteneffe as we fee. 


CHap. 32a, Of Flowring Reed. 


Arundo florida, > @| The defeription, oy 
Flowring Reed, 


Lourifhing Reed hatha thicke and fat ftalke of 
foure or fiue foot high, gteat below neere the 
ground, and fimaller toward the top, taper-wife : 

whereupon do grow very faire broad leaues ful of ribs 
or finewes likevnto Plantaine, in thdpe reprefenting 
| the leaues of white Hellebor, or the gtear Gentian, 
‘but much broader and larger euery way : atthe top of 
which ftalkes do.grow phantafticke flowers of a red. 
orvermilion colour; which being faded, there follow 
ound, rough, and prickly knobs, like thofe of sparga. 
vite, or water-Burte,of a browne colour,and from the 
middle of thofeknobs three fmall leaues. The feed 
contained in thofe knobs is exceeding black,of a per- 
fect roundneffe, of the bigneffe of the {mallet peafe, 
The rooris thicke,knobby, and tuberous,with certain 
{mall threds fixed thereto. + There is a varicty of 
this, having floures of a yellow or Saffron colour, 
swith red fpots. + 


——— 


ee = 


a 


gq The place. 

Itgroweth in Italy in the garden of Padua, and 
many other places of thofe hot regions. My felfe haue 
planted it in my garden diuers times, but it neuer 
came to flowring or feeding, for that it is very impati- 

_entto endure theinjuric of our cold clymate, Itis a 
hatiuc of the VVeft Indies. 
@ Thetime, ae 

It muft be fer or fowenin the beginning of Aprill, 
ina pot with fine earth, or ina'bed made with horfe- 
dung, and fome earth ftrawed thereon,in fuch mannef 
as-Cucumbers and.-Muske-Melons are. 

q The names. 

The name 4rundo Indica is diuerfly attributed to fundrie of the Reeds , but principally vnto 
this, called of Lobelins, Cannacorus - of othersyArundo florida, and Harwado florida : in Englith,the 
Flowring Reed. 


2 a ee 


gl <a ate 


—>- 


QE — 


Soe 


@ The nature and vertitves pets 
There is not any thing {erdowne as tomching the temperature atid vertues Of this Flourithing 
Reed, either of the Ancients, or of the new or later Writers. 


Care 


: 
4 
, 
j 
: 


40 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis, 


Cuar. 33. Of Paper Reed. 


Aper Reed hath many large flaggie leaues fomewhat triangular and fmooth, not much vn- 
like thofe of Catftaile, rifing immediatly froma tuft of roots compact of many ftrings, 
among ftthewhich it fhooreth vp two or three naked ftalkes, fquare, and rifing fome fix or 
feuen cubits high aboue the water ; at the top whereof there ftands a tuft or bundle of chaffie 
threds fet in comely order, refembling a tuft of flowers, but barren and void of feed, 


qT The place. 
Nilotica. : This kinde of Reed growes in the Riuers 
Peer Ree atte about Babylon, and neere the city Alcaire, 


inthe riuer Nilus, and fuch othet places of 
thofe countries. 
The time. 

The time of fpringing and flourifhing an- 

{wereth that of the common Reed. 
The names. 

This kinde of Reéd which T haue Ensgli- 
fhed Paper Reed, or Paper plant,is the fame 
(as Ido reade) that Paper was made of in 
Agypt, before the inuention of paper made 
of linnen clouts was found out. !t is thought 
by men of great learning and vaderftanding 
in the Scriptures, and fer downe by them 
fortruth, that this plant is the fame Reed 
mentioned in the fecond chapter of Exodus 3 
whereof was made that basket or cradle, 
‘which was dawbed within and without with 
flime of that countrey, called Bitumen Iudai- 
cum, wherein Mofés was put beings’ commit- 
ted to the water, when Pharaoh gaue com- 
mandement that all the male children of the 
Hebrewes thould be drowned. 

Thenature, vertues, and: vufe. 

The roots of Paper Reed doe nourith, as 
| } may appeare by the people of Bgypt,which 
j i amin do vfe to chew them in their mouthes, and 
"i fis fallow downe the juice, finding therein 
aa 


great delight and comfort. 4 
B Theafhes burned affivage and confume hard apoftumes, tumors, and cortafiue vicers in any 
part of the body, but chiefely in the mouth. ; 

The burnt paper made hereof doth performe thofe effeéts more forcibly. 

The ftalkes hereofhaue a fingular vfe and priuiledge in opening the chanels or hollow paffa- 
ges ofa Fiftula, being put therein ; for they do fwellas doth the pith of Elder,ora tent madé of 
a {ponge. 
ra : TPE oats about Nilus do vfe to burne the Jeaues and ftalkes, but efpecially the roots. ; 

The frailes wherein they put Raifins and Figs are fometimes made hereof, but generally with 
the herbe Spartum, defcribed in the nexr Chapter. 


oO 


name — 


Cuar. 34. OfeMat-Weed. 


¢ q The kindes. ; ; cutee 
‘ x There bediuers kindes of Mat-Weeds, as fhall be declared in their feucrall defcriptions. 
! i G Lhe defcription. 
He herbe Spartum, as Pliay faith, growerh of it felfe, and fendeth forth from theroot a mul- 
| titude of {lender rufhie leaues of a cubit high, or higher, tough and pliable, of a whitifh 
f ¥ colour, which in time draweth narrow together, making the flat leafe to become round, as 


| isthe Ruth, The ftub or ftalke thereofbeareth at the top certaine feather-like tufts ah 
5 Tee at : orth 
| 


List. Of the Hiftory of Plants, Al 


of a fheath or huske, among the which chaffic huskes is contained the feed, long and chaf- 
ort g the kes » long anc 
fie. The root confifterh of many ftrings folding one within another, by meanes whereof it com= 
methi to the forme ofa turfe or haffocke. 


1 Spartum Pliny Clufio. 2 Spartum alterum Plini). 
Plinies Mat-Weed. Hooded Mat-WVeed, 


\) 


YW \ 
/ 
XK /\\ 
\/ 


1 
\ht 
i \V 


VA 


| 


De ae 


2 The fecond likewife Pliny deferibeth to haue along ftalke not much vnlike to Reed , but 
leffer, whereupon do grow many graffie leaues, rough and pliant, hard in handli ng as are the 
Ruthes. A fpokie chaffie tuft sroweth atthe top of the ftalke, comming forth of a hood or fi- 
Newie fheath, fuchas enclofeth the fowers of Onions, Leckes, Narciffus,and fueh like , before 
they come to flowring, with feed and roots like the precedent, 

3. Englith Mat-weed hatha ruthie root, deepely creeping and growing in heapes of fand and 
grauell, from the which arife ftiffe and fharpe pointed leaues a foot and a halfe long, ofa whitith 
colour, very much refembling thofe of Camels hay. The ftalke groweth to the height of a cubit 
Or more, whereupon doth grow afpike $ or eare of fome fiue or fix inches long, fomwhar refen- 
bling Rie; itis the thickneffe of a finger in the midft, and fmaller towards both theends. The 
feed is browne,as {mall as Canaric feed,but round,and fomewhat fharpe at the one end t. Of this 
plant neither Sheepe nor any other Cattle will tafte or eate. 

4 The other Englith Mat-Weed is like vato the former, faning that the roots of this are 
fong, notvalike to Dogs Graffe, but do not thruft deepe into the ground, but ercepe onely vnder 
the vpper cruftofche earth. The tuftor care is fhort, r, and more refembling the head of Canary 
feed than that of Rie, 

Bu, Lobel siues a figure of another fmaller Ruth, leaued Spartum, with fmall heads, but hee 
hath not deferibed it in his Latine Workes,fo that I can fay nothing certainly of ir.’ 

_ § To this kindred muft be added the Feathered Graffe, though not partaking with the former 
in place of growth. Now it hath many {mall leaues ofa foots length round, green,and fharp poin- 
ted, not much in formevalike the fir(t deferibed Mat-wveed,but much leffe: amoneft thefe leaues 
rife vp many fmall ftalkes not exceeding the height of the Ieaues, which bearea {pike ynlike the 
forementioned Mat-weeds, hauing 3 or foure feeds ending in,or fending vp very fine white Fea- 
thers, refembling the fmaller fort of feathers of the wings of the Bird of Paradife. The roor con- 
fits of many {mall grafiie fibres, 

¥ D © Ths 


if 


Von olaes 
trVto 


3 Spartum Anglicanum. 


Englifh Mat-Weed, or Helme. 
Q A anol oO 


+6 Spartums Auffriacum: 
Stefso Feather-Grafle. 


fp ewurnrako 


42 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Unrem Orc 


Tee; 


4 Spartum Anglicanum alverum. 
Small Englifh Mat-Weed, or 
Helme. 


gq The place. 

1 2 Thefe two grow in diuers places of Spaine. 

3 [being in company with M. Tho. Hicks, William 
Broad, and three other London Apothecaries befides, 
in Auguit, 1632, to finde out rare plants inthe Hland 
of Tenet, found this bigger Englith one in great plen- 
tic,as fooneas we came to the fea fide, going betweene 
Margate and Sandwich. 

4 5  Thefeitmay be grow alfo vpon our Coatts ; 
howeuer they grow neere the fea fide in divers parts of 
the Low-Countrics. 

6 Thiselegant Plant Clufins fir obferued to grow 
naturally in the mountaines nigh to the Bathes of Ba- 
den in Germany , and in diuers places of Auttria and 
Hungarie. It is nourifhed for the beautie in fundrie 
ofour Englith gardens. 

q Thetime. 

Thefe beare their heads in the middle, and fome in 

the later end of Sommer. 
© The names. 

t This is called Spartum primum Pliny ; that isthe 
firft Mat-Weed defcribed by Pliny : in Spaine they 
call it Sparto: the French in Prouence terme it Olpho. 

2 This is Spartum alterum Pliny, Plinie his fecond 
Mat-W/eed,or Hooded Mat-weed,it is called Aléardin 


in Spaine. 


3 This is Spartum tertium of Clufius, and Gramen 
Spartenm fecundwm Schanart hinum of Taber. Our Author 


Lisi Of the Hiftory of Plants. 43 


auc Clufius his figure for his firft, and Tabernamontanus figure for the fecond Spartim Anglisanum, 
but Iwill thinke themboth ofone plant (though Bavhine diftinguifh them) varill fome-thall 
make the contrary manifeft. This the Dutch call Palme; and our Englith in Tenet, Aclmes Tar 
wer calls it Sea-Bent. 

4 This is Spartum herba 4, Batavicum of Clufius , Gramen Spartenm, ox Iunci Spartiuin Of Tabers 
and our Author gaue Tabern. figure inthe 23 Chapter of this Booke yndet the title of fucxs ma. 
rinus cramineus , Lobell calls it Spartum noftras alterum. 

5 Lobell calls this Spartum noftras parvum. 

6 Clufins calls this Spartum Auftriacum , Dalefcharmpius, Gramen pianatum ,we im England call 
it Gramen plumofnm, or Feathered Grafle. + 

The temperature,vertues, and vfe. 
Thefe kindes of graffie or rather ruthie Reed haue no vfe in phy ficke, but ferue to make Mats, 


A 


and hangings for chambers, frailes, baskets, and fuch like. The people of the Countries where ° 


they grow do make beds of them, ftraw their houfes and chambers in ftead of Rufhes, for which 
they doexcell, as my felfe haue feene. Turner aflirmeth, That they made hats of the Englifh one 
in Northumberland in his time. 

They dolikewife in fundry places of the Iflands of Madera, Canaria, Saint Thomas, and other 
ofthe Iflands in the tra& vnto the Wet Indies, make of them their boots, fhooes , Herd-mens 
Coats, fires, and lights, It is very hurtfull for cattell, as Sheere-graffe is. 

The Feather-Graffle is worne by fundry Ladies and Gentlewomen in ftead of a Feather, the 
which it exquifitely refembles, 


Cuar. 35. Of Camels Hay. 


1 Scenanthum 2 Scenanthum adulterivum, 
Camels Hay. Baftard Camels Hay. 


| The defcription. 

I Amels Hay hath leaues very like vnto Mat-Weed or Helmey his roots are many, in 
quantitic meane , fullof {mall haires or threds proceeding from rhe bigger Root 
deeply growing in the ground, maning diuers long ftalkes like Cyperus Grafle , fet 

2 with 


to 


44. Of the Hiftorie of Plants, , hip. 1 


with fome fmaller leaues euen vnto the top, where do grow many {mall chaffic tufts or pannicles 
like vnto thofe ofthe wilde Oats , of arcafonable good fmell and fauour,when they are broken, 
like vntoa Rofe, with a certaine biting and nipping of the tongue. 

t 2 Francis Penay,of famous memory,a good Phyfitianand skilfull Herbarift, cathered on the 
coaft of the Mediterrancan fea,between Aigues Mortes and Pefeaire,this beautifull plantwhofe 
roots are creeping, and {talkes and leaues refemble Squinanth. The flowers are foft,pappous,and 
thicke compaét, and fome fiue or fix inches in length, like to Fox-taile; they incolour yefemble 
white filke or filuer. Thus much Zobel. Our Author defcribed this in the firtt place, Ch.23.vn- 


det Iuncus Marinus Graminens, for fo Lobell al{o calls it. ¢ 


q The place. * 
t This growes in Africa, Nabathwza, and Arabia, and isa ftranger in thefe Noitherne Re- 
gions. ; 
2 The place of the fecond is mentioned in the defcription. 
| The time. 
Their time anfivereth the other Reeds and Flags. ‘ 
G The names. . 


x Camels Hay is called in Greeke sino farsnee: in Latine, Iunéus oderatus, and Scenanthum:in 
fhops Squinanthum, that is, Flos lunci : in French, Pafteur de Chammeay : in Enelith, Camels Hay, 
and Squinanth. : 

2 This Lobell calls Iuncus marinus gramineus,and Pfendofchenanthum : WWecall it Baftard Squi- 
nanth, and Fox-taile Squinanth. y 

@| The temper. 

This plant is indifferently hot,and a little aftrictiue. 

ay The vertues. 

Camels Hay prouoketh vrine,moucth the termes, and breaketh winde about the ftomacke. 

It caufeth aking and heauinefie of the head, Galen yeeldeth this reafon thereof, becaufe it héa- 
teth moderately, and bindeth with tenuitic of parts. : 

According to Diofcorides, it diflolues, digefts, and opens the paflages of the veines, 

The floures or chaffie tufts are profitable in drinke for them that piffe bloud anywayes : It is 
giucn in medicines that areminiftred to cure the paines and griefes of the guts, ftomacke, lungs, 
liuer, and reines, the fulneffe, loathfomeneffe, and other defects of the ftomacke,the dropfie,con- 
uulfions, or fhrinking of finews, giuen in the’quantitie of a dram,with a like quantitic of Pepper, 
for fome few dayes. ; 

E _ Thefameboyled in winehelpeth the inflammation of the matrix, if tlie woman do fit ouer the 
fume thereof, and bathe her felfe often with it alfo. ’ 


GO wp 


Cuar. 36. Of Burre-Reed. 


q The defcription. 


* 


I He firft of thefe plants hath long leaues, which are double edged, or tharpe on both 
fides, with a fharpe creft in the middle, in fuch manner raifed vp that it feemeth to 
be triangle or three fquare. The ftalkes grow among the leaues,and are two or 

three foot long,being dinided into many branches, garnifhed with many prickly huskes or knops 
of the bignefle ofa nut. The root is full ofhairy firings. 

2 The great Water Burre differeth not in any thing from the firft kind in roots or leaues,faue 
thatthe firft hath his leaves rifing immediately from the tuft or knop of thexoor ; but this kinde 
hath along ftalke comming from the root, whereupon, a little aboue the root, the leaues {hoot 
outround about the ftalke {ucceffiuely, fome Ieaues ftill growing aboue others, euen to the top 
of the ftalke, and from the top thereof downeward by certaine diftances. It is garnifhed with 
many round wharles, orrough coronets, hauing here and there among the faid wharles one fingle 
fhort leafe of a pale greene colour. 

q The place. 

Both thefe are very common,and grow in moift medowes,and neere vnto water-courfes. They 
plentifully grow in the fenny grounds of Lincolnfhire,and fuch like places ; inthe ditches about 
S. George his fields, and in the ditch right againft the place of execution,at the end of Southwark, 
called S. Thomas Waterings, 3 


ib gq Thetime. 
They bring forth their burry bullets or feedy knots in Auguit. 


List Of the Hiftory of Plants. 45 


1 Sparganium Ramofim, 2 Sparganium latifolium. 
re- Great Water-Butre. ae 
Branched ie Reed, 3 tye Tarn Lea S } Aan Syre ey 
j. g an q v f 


G Thenvames, 

Thefe Plants of fome are called Spareanium : Theophraftus in his fourth Booke and eighteenth 
Chapter calleth them Butomus : of fome, Platanaria : 1 call them Butre-Reed :in the Arabian 
tongue they are called Sa farhe Bamon : in Italian Sparganio : of Dodoneus, Carex : Some call the 
firlk Sparganinm ramofum, or Branched Burre-Reed, The {econd , Sparganinm'non ramofum, Not- 
branching Burte-Reed. 

|| Thetemperature, 
They are cold and dry of complexion. 
ru @ Thevertues. 
_, Some write, that the knops or rough burres of thefe plants boyled in wine , are good againft 4 
the bitings of venomous beafts, if either it be drunke, or the wound wathed therewith. 


Acer Wen Were oy. ie 
Cuap, 37- Of (ats Taile. 


g The defcription. 


Ats Taile hath fong and flagey Icaues, fullof a {pongeous matter, or pith, among which 
leaues sroweth vp along fmooth naked ftalke,without knot, fafhioned like a {peare , of a 
firme or folid fubftance, hauing at the top a browne knop or eare, foft, thicke and {mooth, 
feeming tobe nothing elfe but a deale of fockes thicke fet and thruft together,which being ripe 
turneth into a downe, and is carried away with thewinde. The Roots be hard, thicke; and 
white, full of ftrings, and good to burne, where there is plenty thereofto be had, 
; | The place. 
Tt groweth in pooles and fuch like ftanding waters, and fometimes in running {treames, 
Thaue founda fmaller kinde hereof growing in thedirches and marihie grounds in the Ifle of 
Shepey, going from Sherland houfe to Feuerfham, 
The time. 
They floure and beare their mace or torch in Tuly and Auguft. 
tb) 3 @ The 


" 
| 


| 


OEE A EAL LN ee 
46 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Lis. 1 


ea: A cel RENEE REINO A 8S ee aoa 


Typha. 
gai Cats Taile. , - 
of Ati Cibhtotca— 


\ 


A ; 
y 
\ 
B \ 


(i= NN (a 2a 
VAM | NINWWENESNNCS 
SBA SSS 


The names. 

They are called in,Greeke wo: in\Latine Typha : of 
fome Ceftrum Morionis : in French Marteau Maffes : in 
Dutch, Lifehdoden, and Bonfen : In Italian Mazsa 

orda : in Spanith Beherdo , and Iuaco amacorodato : In 
Englith, Cats Taile,and Reed-Mace. Of this Cats 
Tatle Ariftophanes maketh mention in his Comedy of 
Frogs, where he bringeth them forth one talking with 
anothcr,being very glad that they had {pent the whole 
day inskipping and leaping inter Cyperum ey Phleum, 
among Galingale and Cats Taile. Owid feemeth to 
name this plant Sc/rpus;for he termeth the mats made 
of the leaues, Catftaile Mats, as in his fixth Booke 
Faftorum, 
At Dominus, difcedite, ait, plauftroque morantes 
Suftulit, in plaufiro [cirpea matta fuit. 
q The nature. 
It is cold and dry of complexion. 
qj The vertues. 

The foft Downe ftamped with fivines greafe well 
wafthed , healeth burnings or fealdings with fire or 
water. 

Some practitioners by their experience haue found, 
That the Downe of the Cats taile beaten with the 
leaues of Betony,the roots of Gladiole,and the leaues 
of Hippogloffon into powder, and mixed with the yelks 
ofegges hard fodden, and fo eaten, is a moft perfed 
medicine againft the difeafe in children called in 
Grecke trex, which ts,when the gut called Imte/tinum 
caecum is fallen into the cods. This medicine muft be 
miniftred euery day fafting for the {pace of thirtie 


dayes, the quantitie thereof to be miniftred at onetimeis 1.3. This being vfed as before is 
fpecified doth not onely helpe children and ftriplings, but growne men alfo, if in time of their 
cure they vfe conuenient ligature or truffings, and fit confounding plaifters vpon the gricued 
place, according to art appointed for that purpofe in Chirurgerie. 

C __ This Downe in fome places of the Ifle of Elie, and the low countries adioyning thereto, is ga- 
thered and well fold to make mattreffes of, for plowmen and poore people. 

D It hath beenealfo often proued to heale kibed or humbled heeles (as they are termed) being 
applied to them, either before or after the skinne is broken. 


Crap. 38. 


gq The defiription. 


Of Stitchwort. 


1 Titchwort, or as Rwellivs termeth it Holoffenm, is of two kindes, and hath round tender 


ftalkes full of joints leanin 


¢ toward the ground ; at euery toynt grow two leaues 


oneagainft another. The flowers bewhite, confifting of many {mall leaues fet inthe 
manner ofa ftarre. The roots are fmall, jointed, and threddy. The feed is contained in {mal 
heads fomewhat long, and fharpe at the vpper end, and when it 1s ripe it is very {mall and browne. 
2 The fecond is like the former in fhape of Ieaues and flowers, which are fet in forme of 2 
ftarte ; but the leaues are orderly placed, and in good proportion,by couples two together,being 
‘of awhitith colour. Wher the flowers be vaded then follow the feeds,which are inclofed in bul- 
lets like the feed of flax, but not fo round. Thechiues or threds in the middle of the floure are 
fometimes ofa reddith,or ofa blackifh colour, + There are more differences ofthis plant, or ta- 
ther varieties, as differing little but in the largeneffe of the leaues,floures,or ftalkes, £ 


q The place. 


They grow in the borders of fields vpon banke fides and hedges,almoft every where, 


The time. 


They fourifh all the Sommer, efpecially in May and Tune. 


The 


—* 
—4 


ics SUGANO Mi sil eg etna cig eee ee 
Lipset Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Az 


Grameen Leucanthenum, @| Thenames. 


Some (as Ruellivs for one) haue thought this to be 
the plant which the Grecians calla: in Latine Tota 
offea : in Englifh, All-Bones ; whereof Lfeeno reafon, 
except it be by the figure 4stonomia 34S when we fay 

_ in Englith, He is an honeft man, our Meaning is that 
he is a knaue:for this is a tender herbe hauing no {uch 

i to) 
bony fubftance. + Dodoneus queftions , whether this 
plant be not Crateogonon ; and he calls it Gramen Leu- 
canthemum , or White-floured Grafle. The qualitie 
here noted with B. is by Diofcorides siuen to Crateoco- 
zon s but it is with his spay vevmer, (that is) Some fay 
or report fo much : which phrafe of fpeech hee often 
vfeth when as he writes faculties by heare-fay 5 and 
doubts himfelfe of the truth of them. + 
| The nature. 

The feed of Stitchwort, as Galen writeth, is fharpe 
and biting to him that tafteth it; and to him that 
vfeth it very like to Mill. : 

' q The vertues, 

They are wont to drinke it in Wine with the pwo- 
der of Acornes, againft the paine in the fide, {titches, 
and fuch like. 

Diuetrs report, faith Diofcorides, That the Seed of 
Stitchwort being drunke caufeth a woman to bring 
forth a man childe, if after the purgation of her Sick- 
neffe, before fhe conceiue, fhe do drinke it fafting 
thrice in a day, halfe a dram ata time,in three ounces 
of water many dayes together, ; 


Cuar.39. Of Spiderwort. 
q The defiription. 


z Heobfcuredefcriptionwhich Diofcorides and Pliny haue fet downe for Phalanginm, 
hath bred much contention among late Writers. This plant PAalanginm hath leaues 
much like Couch Graffe, but they are fomewhat thickerand fatter, and of a more 

whitifh greene colour. The ftalkes grow tothe height of a cubit. The top of the ftalke is befer 
with {mall branches, garnifhed with many little white flowers, compa& of fix little leaues. The 
threds or thrums in the middle are whitith, mixed with a faire yellow, which being fallen, there 
follow blacke feeds, inclofed in {mall round knobs, which bethree cornered. The roots are many, 
tough, and white of colour. 

2  Thefecond is like the firft, but that his ftalke is not branched as the firft, and fourcth a 
moneth before the other. 

3 Thethirdkindeof S$ piderwort, which Carolus Clufivs nameth A/phodelus nzinor, hath a root 
of many threddy ftrings, from the which immediately rife vp graffie leaues , narrow and fharpe 
pointed : among the which’come forth diuers naked ftrait ftalkes diuided towards the top into 
fundry branches, garnifhed on euery fide with faire ftarre-like flowers, ofcolourwhite, witha 
purple veine diuiding each leafe in the middeft : they hauealfocertaine chiues orthreds in them. 
The feed followeth inelofed in three fquare heads like vnto the kindes of Afphodils. 

#4 This Spiderwort hath a root confifting of many thicke, long, and white fibers, not 
much vnlike the precedent, our of which it fends forth fome fiue or fix greene and firme leaves, 
fomewhat hollowed inthe middle, and mutually inuoluing cach other at the root: among ft thefe 
there rifeth vparound greene ftalke, bearing atthe top thereof fome nine or ten floures, more or 
leffe; thefe confit of fix leaues apiece,of colour white(che three innermoft leaues are the broader, 
and more curled,and the three qutmoft are tiptwith greene atthe tops.) The whole floure much 


B 


48 Of the Hittorie of Plants. kusnd 


refembles awhite Lilly,but much fmaller. Three fquare heads, containing a dusky and ynequall 


feed, follow after the Houre. Ge eR 
PAO PL— 
1 Phalangium Ramo[um. 2 Phalangium wear amofium. 
Branched Spiderwort, Vnbranched Spiderwort. 


ih, ; 

Vi } 3 Phalangium Crete. £ q Phalangium Antiquorum. 

ih Candy Spiderwort. The true Spiderwortof the Ancients; 
iy 


5 Phalavginm 


List Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 49 


$ 5 Phalangium Vireinianum Trade. 5 This plant inmy tudgement cannot be fitlier 

feanti. ranked with any than thefe lat defcribed . therefore I 

Trade{iants Virginian Spider- haue here giuen him the fifth place, as thelaft com- 

aa / -Avort, mer. This plant hath many creeping itringy roots, 


which here and there put vp greene leaues,in fhape re- 
fembling thofe of the laft-deferibed ; among tt thefe 
there rifeth ypa pretty ftiffe ftalke jointed,and hauing 
at cach joint one leafe incompafing the ftalke, an: 
out ofwhofe bofome oft times little branches arife : 
now the ftalkeat the top viually diuides it {elf into 
two leaues,much after the manner of Cyperus between 
which there come forth many floures confi fting of 
three pretty large leauesa piece,of colour deepe blew, 
with reddifh chiues tiptwith yellow ftanding in their 
middle, Thefe fading (as viually they doe the fame 
day they thew themfelues) there furccéed little heads 
couered with the three little leaues that ftained the 
floure. In thefe heads there is contained a long blac- 
kith feed, 
| The place. 

I. 2. 3. Thefe grow only in gardens with vs » and 
that very rarely. 4 This gtowes naturally in fome 
places of Sauoy. 5 This Virginian is in many of 
our Englith gardens, as with M. Purkiz on, M. Trade. 
fant, and others. 

@ Thetime. . 

1.4.5. Thefe floure in Iune: the fecond about the 
bepinning of May :and thethird about Auguft. 

q Thewames. 

The firft is called Phalangium ramofum, Branched 
Spiderwort, 2 Phalangium non ramofum, Vnbranched 
Spiderwort. Cords calls it Liliago, 3 This, Clufins 
calls Afphodelus minor : Lobell,Phalangiuim Crete, Candy 
Spiderwort. 4. This is thought to be the Phalangium of the Ancients, and that of aratthiole: it 
is Phalanginm Allobrogicum of Clufins,Sauoy Spiderwort. 5 This by M. Parkinfon (who fir hath 
inwriting giuen the figure and defcription thereof) is aptly termed Phalangium Ephemeruy Virgin 
wianum, Soone-fading S piderwort of V irginia, or Trade/cants Spiderwort, tor that M. Iohn Trade- 

Sant fixlt procured it from Virginia, Bawhine hath deferibed itat the end of his Pinax,and very va- 
Btly termed it Adium, fine Moly Virginianum. 
q Thenature. ye 
Galen faith, Phalangium is of a drying qualitie,b y teafon of the tenuitie of parts, 
The vertues, { 

Diofcorides faith, That the Jeaues, feed, and floures, or any of them drunke in Wine,preuaileth a 
againit the bitings of Scorpions, and againft the ftinging and biting of the Spider called PAalan. 
&#m,and all other venomous beatts. 

The roots tunned vp in new ale, and drunke for a moneth together, expelleth poyfon, yea ale B 
thoughithaue vniuerfally {pred it felfe through the bod y. 


. 


ee 


Crap, 40. Of the Floure de-luce. 


q The kindes, 


Here be many kindes of Iris or Bloure de-luce, whereof fome are tall and great, fome little, 
{mall, and low ; fome fel! exceeding fiveet inthe root, fome haue no fmell ‘at all sfome 
floures are fiveet in {mell,and fome without , fome of one colour, fome of many colours 

mixed : vertues attributed to fome, others not remembred : fome haue tuberous orknobby roots, 
others bulbous or Onion roots,fome haue leaues like flags, others like gtaffe or ruthes. 
“@ The 


Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. v 


@ Thedefcription. 


40 


“’ Se 


Wiel? 
He common Floure de-luce hath long and Jarge flaggy teaues like the blade of a 
ford, with two edges,amongit which {pring vp {moothand plaine ftalkes two foot 
long, bearing floutes toward the top, compaci of fix leaues ioyned together, whereof three that 
ftand vpright axe bent inward one toward another ; and in thofe leaues that hang downward there 
are certaine rough or hairie welts, growing or rifing from the nether part of the leafe vpward, al- 
moft ofa yellow colour, The roots be thicke,long, and knobby, with many hairy threds hanging 
thereat. aS 
2 The water Floure de-luce, or Water flag, or Baftard Acorvs, is like vnto the garden Floure 
de-luce in roots, leaues,and ftalkes, but the Ileaues are muchJonger, fometimes of the height of 
foure cubits, and altogether narrower. ‘The floure is of a perfect yellow colour, and the Root 
knobby like the other ; but being cut, it feemeth to be of the colour of raw flefh. 


I 


a alicdfris Carte, - } ot eg bs PLES 
i Irisenteare, Sake. 2 Iris} toda 
Floure de-luce. Water-flags, or Floure de-luce. 
tome) 


Pind Preadacoid— 


AW; 


& 


q rhe place. 

The Water Floure de-Luce or yellow flag profpereth well in moift medows, and in the borders 
and brinks of riuers, ponds, and ftanding lakes, And although it bea water-plant of nature , yet 
being planted in gardens it profpereth well. 

The names. 

Floure de-luce is called in Greeke ie: LAthenaus and Theophraftws readeie«: as though they 
fhould fay, Confécratrix ; by which name it is alfo called of the Latines Radix Marica, oy rather Ra- 
dix Naronica,of the riuer Naron,by which the beft and greateft {tore do grow. VVhereupon Nicais 
der in his Treacles commendeth it thus : 

Tridem quam aluit Drilon, gy Naronis vipa. 
Which may thus be Englifhed : 
Tris, which Drilon watet feeds, 
And Narons bankes with other weeds. 
The Italians,Giglio aXzrro : in Spanifh, Lilio Cardeno : in French, Flambe : The Germanes,btlaert, 
Spchwoertel : in Dutch, Litch, : 
Thefecond is called in Latine , Irs paluftris lytea,Pfeudoacor@and Asorus paluftris : in Englith, 
Water- 


—— ——————————— 7 SLE oe ea SS 
Liss1. Of the Hittorie of Plants. 54 


Water flags, Baitard Floute de-luce, or Water Floure de-luce ; and in the North they call them 
Seggs. 8 VeGRe ..,’ 
si a The nature. 


1 Therootsofthe Floure de-luce being as yer freth and greene, and full ofjuyce, ate hot al- 
moft in the fourth degree. The dried roots are hotand dry in the third degree,burning the throat 
and mouth of fuchas tafte them. . 

2 Thebaftard Flourede-Mce his root is cold and dty in the third degree,and ofan aftringent 
er binding facultie. Gia 

q The vertues. 
7? 

The root of the common Floure de-luce cleane wathed, and ftamped with a few drops of Rofe A 
water, and laid plaifter-wife .ypon the face of man or woman, doth in two dayes atthe moft take 
away the blacknefle or blewneffe of any ftroke or brufe: fo that if the skinne of the fame woman 
or any other perfon be very tender and delicate, it fhall be needfull that ye lay a piece of filke, fin- 
dall, ora piece of fine Jaune betweene the plaifter and the skinne ; for otherwife in fuch tender 
bodies it often caufeth heate and inflammation. 

The inyce of the fame dothnot onelymightily and vehemently draw forth choler, but mot B 
efpecially watery humors, and isa fpeciall and fingular purgation for them that haue the Drop- 
fie, ifit be drunke in whay or fome orher liquor that may fomewhat temper and alay his heate, 

The dry roots attenuate or make thinne thicke and tough humours, which are hardly and with C 
difficultie purged away. ne: 7” Bx 

They are good ina loch or licking medicine for fhorteffe of breath,an old cough, and all in- 
firmities of the cheft which rife hereupon. 

They remedie thofe that haue euill fpleenes, and thofe that are troubled with convtilfions or B 
cramps, biting of ferpents, and the running of the reines, being drunke with vinegre,as faith Dio. 
fcorides ; and drunke with wine it bringeth downe the monethly courfes of women, 

The decoétion is good in womens baths, for it mollifieth and openeth the matrix. R 

Being boyled very foft,and laid to plaifter-wife igmollificth or foftneth the kings cuil,and old G 
hard fwellings. ‘ 

£ The roots of our ordinary flags are not (as before is deliuered) cold and dry inthe thitdde- H 
gree, nor yet in the fecond, as Dedoneus aifirmes ; but hot and dry, and that at the leaft in the fe- 
cond degree,as any that throughly taftes them will confeffe. Neither are the faculties and vfe(as 
fome would perfuade vs) tobe neglected ; for as Pena and Lobell affirme, though it haue no {mell, 
nor great heat,yet by reafon of other faculties its much to be preferred before the Galanca major, 
or forreigne Acorus of fhops,in many difeafes ; for #t imparts more heate and ftrength tothe fto- 
macke and neighbouring parts than the other,which rather preyes vponand diffipates the innate 
heate and implanted ftrength of thofe parts, It bindes,ftrengthens, and condenfes : itis good in 


bloudy flixes, and ftayes the Courfes. + i 


Crap. 40. Of Floure de-luce of Florence. 
G Thedefcription. 


I He Floure de-luce of Florence, whofe roots in fhops and generally euery where are 
called Treos, or Orice (whereof {weet waters, fiweet pouders, and fuch like are made) 

; is altogether like vntothe common Floure de-luce , fauing that the flowers of the 
Ireos is of awhite colour,and the foots exceeding fiveet of fel], and the other of no {mell atall. 

2 The white Floure de-luce is like vnto the Florentine Floure de-luce in roots, flagey 
Ieaues, and ftalkes ; but they differ in that, that this Zvé hath his ower ofa bleake white colour 

eclining to yellowne ffe ; and the roots haue not any {nell at all, but the otler is very fweet, as 
we haue faid. 

3 The great Floure de-luce of Dalmatia hath leaues much broader, thicker,and more clofe- 
ly compact together than any ofthe other, and {et in order like wings or the fins ofa Whale fith, 
grcene toward thetop, and of a fhining purple colour toward the bottome, euen to the ground : 
among ft which rifeth vp a ftalke of foure foot high, as my felfe did meafure oft times in my gar- 
den : whereupon doth grow faire large floures of a light blew, or as we terme it,a watchet colour. 
The floures do finell exceeding fivect, much like the Orenge floure, The feeds are contained in 
{quare cods , wherein are packed together many fiat feeds like the former. The root hathno 
{mel arall. i 


t Iris 


52 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis... 


1 Iris Florentina. 2 Iris alba, 
Floyre de-luce of Florence, , White Floure de-luce, 
Tuce Tlorerrturovr 


Iris Dalmatica major 
Great Flourede-luce of Dalmatia; 


List 


A Iris Dalmaticaminor. 
~ Small Dalmatians, 


6 Tis Piolacen, y 
Violet Floure de-luce? 


LLL. 


MLL 


tz, 
LLL Legon 
aoe? 


OF the Hiftory of Plants, ome i E 53 


5 Irs Biflora: ; 
Twiee-flouring Floure dé-luces 
J | Lone . 


Saris at 


7 Iris Pannonica, 
Auftrian Floure de luced 


“ai 


54, Of the Hiftorie of Plants Lrs.t, 


+ 8 Iris Camerary. 4 The fmall Floure deluce of Daimatia is in fhew 
Germane Flourede-luce, _ like to the precedent, but rather refembling iris biflora, 
, being both of one ftatare, fmall and dwarfe plants in re- 


{pect ofthegreater. The floures be of a more blew co- 
lour. They tlower likewifein May as the others do;but 
beware that yeneuer caft any cold water vpon them pre- 
fently taken out ofa Wel ; for their tenderneffe is fuch, 
that they wither immediatly, and rot away,as I my felfe 
haue proued:but thofe which I left ynwatred at the fame 
time line and profper to this day. 

5 This kinde of Floure de-Iuce came firft from Por- 
tugal tovs.Itbringeth forth in the Spring time floures 
of a purple or violet colour, felling likea violet, with 
a white hairy welt downe the middle. The root is thick 
and fhort, ftubborne or hard to breake. In leaues and 
thew it is like to the lefler Floure de-luce of Dalmatia, 
but the leaues be more fpred abroad, and it commonly 
hath but one ftalke,which in Autumne floureth againe, 
and bringeth forth the like floures; for which caufe it 
was called Iris biflora. 

6 Iris violacea is like vnto the former,but much {mal- 
ler, and the floure is of a more deepe violet colour. 

7 Carolus Clufius,that excellent and learned Father of 
Herbarifts, hath fer forth inhis Pannonicke Obferuati- 
ons the picture of this beautifull Floure de-luce, with 
great broad leaues , thicke and fat, ofa purple colour 
neere vnto the ground, like the great Dalmatian Floure 
de-luce,which it doth very well refemble. The root is 
very feet when it is dry, and ftriueth with the Floren- 
tine Zris in fweetnefle. The floure is of all the other 
moft confufedly mixed with fundry,colours, infomuch 
that my pen cannot fer downe guery, ling or ftreake, as it 
deferueth. The three leaues that ftand vpright do clafpe or embrace one another, and are of a 
yellow colour. The leaues that looke downward, about the edges are ofa pale colour, the middle 
part of white, mixed with a line of purple,and hath many fimall purple lines ftrippediouer the faid 
white floure, euen tothe brim of the pale coloured edge. It {melleth like the Hauthorne floures 
being lightly fmelled vnto. } 

8 - The Germane Floure de-luce,which Camerarius hath fet forth in his Booke named Hortus 
Medicus,hath great thicke and knobby roots : the ftalke is thicke and full of inyce: the leaues be 
very broad in refpet of all the reft of the Floure de-luces. The floure groweth at the top of the 
ftalke, confifting of fix great leaues blew of colour,welted downe the middle,with white tending 
to yellow ; at the bottome next the ftalke it is white of colour , with fome yellowneffe fringed 
about the faidwhite, as alfo about the brims or edges, which greatly fetteth forth his beautie ; 
the which Joachimus Camerarius,the fonne of old Camerarivs of Noremberg, had fent him out of 
Hungarie, and did communicate one of the plants thereof to Clufius ; whofe figure he hath moft 
liuely fet forthwith this defcription, differing fomewhat from that which Iodchimus himfelfe did 
giue vnto meat his being inLondon. The leaues,faith he, are very latge,twice fo broad as any of 
theothers, The ftalke is fingle and fmooth ; the floure groweth at the top, of amoft bright fhi- 
ning blew colour, the middle rib tending to whiteneffe, the three vpper leaues fomewhat yellow- 
ith, The root is likewife fweet as Ireos. 


@ The place. 2 { 

Thefe kindes of Floure de-luces do grow wilde in Dalmatia, Goritia, and Piedmont ; notwith- 
ftanding our London gardens are very well 'ftored with euery one of them. 

q The time. ‘ 

Their time of fouring anfwereth the other Floure de-luces. 

| The names. 

The Dalmatian Floure de-luce is called in Grecke of Atheneus and T heophraftes res: it is named 
alfo ivenie, of the heauenly Bow orRainbow : vpon the fame occafion ss, or Admirable: for the 
Poets fometimedo call the Rainbow-sexzsim=s: in Latine irés,and in Englith Floure de-luce. Their 
feuerall titles do fuificiently diftinguifh them, whereby they may be knowne one from another, 

: G The 


List 


OF the Hiftory of Plants. 55 
@ Thenature. 

The nature of thefe Floure de-luces are anfwerable to thofe of the common kinde ; that is. to 
fay, the dry roots are hot'and dry in the latter end of the fecond degree. 

; | The vertues. Bee: 

The iuyce of thefe Floure de-luces doth not onely mightilyand vehemently draw forth cho? 
ler, but moft efpecially waterie humors,and is a fingular good purgation for theni that baue the 
Dropfie, if it be drunke in {weet wort or whay. f 

The fame are good for them that haue cuill {pleenes, or that are troubled with cramps of con- 
wulfions, and for fuch as are bit with Serpents. It profiteth alfo much thofe that haue the Gonor- 
thea, or running of the reines, being drunke with Vineger, as Dso/¢. faith ; and drunke with Wine 
they bring downe the monethly termes. 


Cuar. 42. Of Variable Floure de-luces. 


1 Iris lutea variegata. F 2 Iris Chalcedonica. 
Variable Flourede-luces Turky Floure de-luce, 
VAS Or pe obo 
qi 4 


@| The defcription. 
z Bite which is called the Floure deuce of many colours lofeth his leaues in Winter; 
and inthe Spring tume recoueteth them dnew. I am not able to expreffe the fundrieé 
Secs. out as and mixtures contained in this’ floure: it is mixed with purple, yellow, 
‘ €, white, and a fringeor blacke thrum downe the middle of the lower leaues, ofa whitith 
yellow, tipped or frized,and as ic were a little raifed vp; ofa deep purple colour neere the ground. 
4 2. The fecond kinde hach long and narrow leaues of ablackith greencjlike the ftinking Glad- 
on; among which rife vp ftalkes two foot long, bearing at the top ofeuery ftalke one floure 
a of fix greatdeaues : the three that ftand vpright are confufedly and very ftrangely ftrip- 
Er nixed with white and aduskith blacke colour. The three leaues that hang downeward are 
. ae Saping hood, and are mixed in like manner, (but the white is nothing fo bright as of the 
ther) and are as it were fhadowed ouer with a darke purple colour fomewhat fhining ‘fo that 
BS according, 


on 


ae 


= 


re ee cc erected 


————$< a ent tt 
56 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. List. 


Jo eae an Ee SE re 
cording tomy iudgement the whole floure is of the colour ofa Ginny hen: a rare and beautifull 
floure to behold. 

& 3 Iris maritima Narbonenfis. The Sea Floure de-luce. 4 Iris {ylmeftris BiXantina. 
Wilde Bizantine Floure de-luce. 


A 


a 
i) 


NS) 


| 


Sy 
<i 


Se 
GENG 


Ss 


SS 
SS = 


= —. : 


Seer us SERNAME 


Stat 


—S— 


5 Chamelris Angvfifelia: wi 
Narrow leafed Floure de-lucej . | 
6 Chamairistemifalt: 
Graffe Floure de-luceg 
i 
* 


mn 
List Of the Hiftory of Plants. 57 
7S: REA ace patina in scanner rae edieenne te ae TRIE eis 


£7 Irs flore caruleo obfoleto 
polyanthos. 
‘Narrow-leafed many-floured 
dr. 7) ° Ve 3 : ¥ ., A 


Zs 


OPE PIE 


<n 
Woe 


£ 8 Chameiris nived aut Candida, 
White Dwarfe Zris. 


¥ 9 Chamairis latifolia flore rubello, 
Red floured Dwarfe iris. 


E 3 $10 Chae 


At aac 


58 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Livi. 


10 ChamairisLutea, £ ri Chameiris variecata. 
Yellow Dwarfe Iris. Varigated Dwarfe Iris. 


3 The French, or rather Sea Floure de-luce (whereof there is alfo another of the fame kinde 
altogether leffér) haue their roots without any fauour, In fhew they differ little from the gar- 
den Floure de-luce, but that the leaues of thefe are altogether flenderer, and vnpleafant in {mell, 
growing plentifully.in the rough crags of the rocks vnder the Alpes,and neere vnto the fea fide. 
The which Pena found in the graffie grauelly grounds of the fea coaft neere to Montpellier. The 
learned Doétor Affatins'a long time fuppofed it to be Medium Diofc.Matthiolws decciucd him{c\‘e 
and others, inthat he faidjThat the root of this plant hath the fent of the peach: but om 
haue proued it to be without fauouratall. It yeeldeth his floures in Tune, whichare of a 
reft moft like ynto the graffe'Floure de-luce. The tafte ofhis root is hor, bitter, and with mucts 
tenuitie of parts, as hath been found by phyficall proofe. } 

t 4 This Iris Bizantinahath long narrow leaues like thofe of the laft defcribed ; very nai 
fharpe pointed, hauing no vneratefull {mell , the ftalks are fome eubit and an halfe in length.ax 
fomtimes more,at the top they are diuided into 2 or 3 branches that haue 2 or 3 floures a pic 
like in fhape tothe Aloures of the broad leafed variegated bulbous Ir; they haue alfo a good 
{mell : the ends of the hanging-downe leaues are ofa darke colour; the other parts of them are ve- 
riegated with white, purple, or violercolour. The three other Jeaues that ftand vpare ofa deep 
violet or purple colour. The root is blackith, flender, hard, knotty. + 

5 Narrow leafed Flourede-luce hath aninfinite number of graffic leaues much like ynto 
Reed, among which rife vp many ftalkes : on the ends of the fame fpring forth two, fometime 
three right fiveet and pleafant floures, compaG of nine leaues. Thofe three that hang downward 
are greater than the reft, ofa purple colour, {tripped with whiteand yellow ; but thofe three fmal! 
leaues that appeare next,are of a purple colour without mixture:thofe three that ftand wpright are 
of an borfe-fleth colour, tipped with purple, and vider eachof-thefe leaues appeare three {mall 
browne aglets like the tongue of a {mall bird. 

6 The {mall grafic Floure de-luce differeth from the former in finalneffe and in thinneffe of 
leaues, and in that the ftalkes are lower than the leaues, and the floures in fhape and colour are 
like thofe ofthe ftinking Gladdon, but much leffe. 

+ There are many other varieties of the broad leafed Floure de-luces befides thefe mentio 
ned by our Authour ; as alfo of the narrow leafed,which here wee doe not intend to infift vpo 
but referre fuch as are defirous to trouble themfelues with thefe nicities, to Claus and other 


oT aes 
N¢ 


Lis. 1. Of the Hiftorie, of Plants. 59 


Notwithftanding I judge it not amiffe to giue the figures and bricfe defcriptions of fome more 
ofthe Dwarfe Floure de-luces, as alfo of one of the narrower leafed. 

This therefore which we giueyou in the feuenth place is Iris flore caruleo obfoleto,éec. Lobe- 
Ij. The leaues of this are finall and long like thofe of the wild BrXantine Floure de-luce ; the root 
(which is not very big) hath many ftrong threds or fibres comming out of it : the ftalke (which 
is fomewhat tall) diuides it felfe into two or three branches, whereon grow floures in fhape like 
thofe of the other Floure de-luces, but their colour is ofan ouer-worne blew,or Ath colour, 

8 Manyare the differences of the Chameirides latifolia , or Broad leafed Dwarfe Floure de- 
luces, but their principal! diftinGion is in their floures ; for fome haue flowers of violet or purple 
colour, fome of white, other fome are variegated with yellow and purple,8&c. Therefore I will 
onely name the colour, and giue you their figure, becaufe their fhapes differ little. This eighth 
there fore 1s Chameiris nivea aut Candida, White Dwarfe Ira : The ninth,Chameirés latifoliaflore ri. 
bello, Red floured Dwarfe Irs : The tenth, Cameiris lutea, Yellow Dwarfe Iris : The eleventh, Cha. 
meirws variegata, Variegated Dwarfe Irs. The leaues and ftalkes of thefe plants are vftally about 
a foot high; the floures, for the bigneffe of the plants, large, and they floure berimes,as in April. 
And thus much I thinke may fuffice for the names and defcriptions of thefe Dwarfe varieties of 
Floure de-luces. $ 

q Theplace. 


* Thefe plants do grow in the gardens of London, amongft Herbarifts and other Louers of 


Plants. 
@| The nature. 
They floure from the end of March tothe beginning of May. 
@ The names, 

The Turky Floure de-luceis called in the Turkith tongue Alaia Sufiani, with this additament 
from the Italians,Fzore Belle pintate ; in Englith, Floure de-luce. The reft of the names haue bin 
touched in their titles and hiftorie. 

| Their nature andvertues. 

The facultiesand temperature of thefe rare and beautifull floures ate referred to the othei 
forts of Floure de-luces, whereunto they do very well accord. 

There isan excellent oyle made of the floures and roots of Floure de-luce,of each a like quan: 
titie, called Oleum Irinum, made after the famemanner that oyle of Rofes, Lillies, and fuch like 
be made :which oyle profiteth much to ftrengthen the finewes and joints,helpeth the cramp pro- 

‘geeding of repletion, and the difeafe called in Grecke Peripmenmonia. i 

The floures of French Floure de-luce diftilled with Diatrion (andalon, and Cinnamon; and thie 

water drunke, preuaileth greatly againft the Dropfie, as Hollerins and Gefuer teftific. 


Cuar. 43. Of, ftinking Gladdon, 


q The defeription, 

Tinking Gladdon hath long narrow leaues like vz, but fmaller, ofa darke greene colour, and 

being rubbed, ofa ftinking {mell very lothfome, The ftalkes are many in numberjand round 

toward the top, out of which do grow floures like the Floure de-luce, of an ouer-worne blew 

colour, or rather purple, with fome yellow and red ftreakes inthe midft. After the floures bewas 

ded there come great huskes or cods, wherein is contained ared berry orfeed as bigge asa peafe, 
‘The root is long, and threddy vnderneath. 

g The place. 
Gladdon groweth in many gardens : I haue feene it wilde in many places, as in woods and fha; 
dowie places neere the fea. 
@ Thetime. 
The ftinking Gladdon floureth in Auguft, the feed whereofis tipe in September, 
The names. 

Stinking Gladdonis called in Greeke tiets, by Diofcorides ; andies#,ei= by Theophraftas,aceording 
to Pena : in Latine Spatala feetida among the Apothecaries zit is called alfo Xyris + in Englith, fin- 
king Gladdon, and Spurgeworr. 

: @ The nature, 
Gladdon ishot and dry in the third degree, 
; @ The vertues. 
~ Such is the facultie of the roots ofall the Irides before named,that being pounding they pro- 
uoke fneefing, and purge the head: generally all the kinds hauie a heating & extenuating quality; 


Liev 
“ey 


ses ss eA A —— 


i 
6o Of the Hiftorie of Plants. bref 

B Xyrts. y They are effeGtuallagainft the cough, they eafily 

Stinking Gladdon. digeft and confume the gtoffe humors which are hard- 


Se: Patio aD ly conco&ed :they purge choler and tough flegme : 
(3 they procure fleepe, and helpe the gripings within the 
belly. 

It helpeth the Kings Euill, and Buboes in the 
groine, as Pliny faith. Itit be drunke in Wine ir pro- 
uoketh the termes, and being put in Baths for women 
to fit ouer, it prouoketh the like effects moft exquifit- 
ly. The root put in manner of a peflarie haftneth the 
birth. They couer with feth bones that be bare,being 
vfed in plaifters. The roots boyled foft,and vfed plai- 
fterwife,foften all old hard tumours, and the fwellings 
ofthe throat called Strume , that is, the Kings Euill; 
and emplaiftered with honey it draweth out broken 
bones. 

The meale thereofhealeth all therifts of the funda- 
ment, and the infirmities thereof called Coxdilomata s 
and openeth Hemorrhoides. The juice’ {niffed or 
drawne vp into the nofe, prouoketh fheefing,and draw- 
eth downe by the nofe great fore of filthy excrements, 
whichwould fall into other parts by fecret and hidden 
waies,and conueiances ofthe channels. 

It profiteth being vfed ina peffaric, to prouoke the 
rermes, and wil] caufe abortion. 

It preuaileth much againft all euill atfe@tions of the 
breftand lungs, being taken ina little {weet wine, with 
fome Spiknard or in Whay with a little Mafticke. 

The Root of xXyris or Gladdon is of great force 
againft wounds and fractures of the head ; for it draw- 
eth out all thornes, ftubs, prickes, and arrow-heads; 
without griefe; which qualitie it effeteth (as Galen 
faith) by reafon of his tenuitie of parts, and of his attracting, drying , and digefting facultie; 
which chiefely confifteth in the feed or fruit, which mightily prouoketh vrine. 


H_~ Theroot giuenin Wine, called in phyficke Paffzm, profiteth much againft Convulfions, Rup- 


tures, the paine of the huckle bones, the ftrangury, and the flux of the belly, Where note, That 
whereas itis faid that the potion aboue named ftayeth the fluxof the belly, hauing a purging 
qualitie ; it muftbe vnderftood that itworketh in that manner as Rhabarbarum and Afarum do, in 
that they concoét and take away the caufe of the laske ; otherwife no doubt it moueth vnto the 
ftoole, as Rhewbarb,_A farum,and the other Irides do. Hereof the Countrey people of Somerfet- 
fhire haue good experience, who vfe todrinke the decoétion of this Root. Others dotake the 
infufion thereof inale or fuch like, wherewith they purge themfelues , and that vnto very good 
purpofe and effea. 

The feed thereofmightily purgeth by vrine, as Galen faith, and the country people hauc found 
it true. 

a 


Cuar. 44. Of Ginger. , 
@ The defcription. 


Ft Inger is moft impatient of the coldneffe of thefe our Northerne Regions, as my felfe 
haue found by proofe , for that there hauebeene brought vntomeat feuerall times 
fundry plants thereof, freth, greene, and full of juyce, as well from the Weft Indies, 

as from Barbary and other places ; which haue fprouted and budded forth greene leaues in my 
garden in the heate of Sommer, butas foone as it hath been but touched with the firft fharp blaft 
of Winter, it hath prefently perifhed both bladeand root. The true forme or picture hath not 
before this time beene fet forth by any that hath written, but the World hath beene deceiued by 
a counterfeit figure, which the reuerend and learned Herbarift Matthias Lobel did fet forth in his 
Obferuations, The formewhereofnotwithftanding I haue here exprefled, with the ne sir 
oubte 


[ak ~~ CUObaeL BR en iG 


doubted pigiurealfo,which I receiued from Lobelivs his owne hands at the impreffion hereof, Fhe 
caufe of whofe former errour, as alfo the meanes whereby he got the knowledge of the true Gin- 
ger, may appeare by his owne words fent ynto mein Latine, which-J haue here inferted, His 
words arethefe : 

How hard and vncertaine it is to defcribe inwords the true proportion of Plants, (hauing no 
other guide than skilfull,but yet deceitfull formes of them, fent from friends , or other meanes) 
they beft do know who haue deeplieft waded in this fea of Simples.’ About thirty yeates paft or 
more, an honeft and expert Apothecarie William Dries,to fatisfie my defire, fent me from Ant 
werpe to London the picture cf Ginger, which he held tobe truly and. lively drawne : I my felfe 
gaue him credit eafily,becaufe I was not ignorant,that there had bin often Ginger foots brought 
greene, new, and full of juice, from the Indies to Antwerpe ; and further, that the fame had‘bud- 
ded and growne in the faid Dries Garden. But not many yeares after, perceiued that the pi@ure 
which was {ent me by my Friend was a counterfeit, and before that time had been drawneand fet 
forth by anold Dutch Herbarift. Therefore not fuffering this error any further to {pred abroad, 
(which I difcouered not many yeares paft at Flufhing in Zeeland, inthe Garden of William of ' 
Naffau Prince of Orange, of famous memotie, through the means ofaworthy perfon, if my me- 
morie faile me not, called Vander Mill ; at what time he opened, and loofed his firft young buds 
and fhoots about the eid of Sommer; refembling in leaues, and ftalkes ofa foot high, the young 
and tender fhoots of the common Reed, called Harundo vallatoria) I thought it conuefient’to im- 
part thus much vnto Matter John Gerard, an expert Herbarift,and Mafter of happy fucceffe in Sur- 
getie; tothe end he might let pofteritie know thus much,in the painefull and long laboured tra- 
uels which now he hath in hand, to the great good and benefit of his \Countrey.The plant it felfe 
brought me to Middleborough, and {et in my Garden, perifhed through the hardneffe of the 
Winter. , 
~ Thus much haue fet downe,truly tranflated our ofhis owne words in Latine.; though too fa- 
uourably by him done to thecommendation of my meane skill, 


1 Zinwiberis fica Icon, © 1 ZinXiberis verior Icom. ° 


The feigned figure of Ginger: The true figure of Ginger, 


————= 
— 


e=5 
—— 


a aE ey oS Suse yg . a —— 


GS 
Se 
em 


iis 4s 


me 


SS er 


te ee ee ee 


if 


2 teens I The place, Fo 
Ginger proweth in Spaine, Barbary, in as Chitty [flands,and the Azofes,’ Our men which 
facked Domingo in the Indies, digged irvprhere in fundry places wilde. «tk 
io Q 


ETE nn 


Of the Hittorie of Plants. fa Bi dh 


q Thetime. 
Ginger flourifheth in the hot time of Sommer, and lofeth his leaues in Winter. 
@ The names. 
Ginger is called in Latine Zinxiber and Gingiber : in Greeke, 2fteeand rietiéeer: In French, Gz 


62 


gembre. 
The nature, 
Ginger heateth and drieth in the third degree. 
, The vertues, 


A _ Ginger,as Diofcorides reporteth,is right good with meate in fauces,or otherwife in conditures : 
for it is of an heating and digefting qualitie ; it gently loofeth the belly, and is profitable for the 
ftomacke, and effe@tually oppofeth it felfeagainft all darkneffe of the fight ; anfwering the qua- 
litiesand effects of Pepper. It is to beconfidered, That canded, greene or condited Ginger is 
hotand moift in qualitie, prouoking Veneric : and being dried, itheateth and drieth in the third 


degree. 
Cuar. 45. Of eAromaticall Reeds. 
3 Acorusverus officinis false Calamus, Acorss verus finejulo. 
Guejulo. The true A corus without the 
The true A corus with his floure: floure. 


OKonre$ CRC Ces”, 


a) Thedefcription. 


7 His fiveet-{melling Reed is of a darke dun colour, full of joints and knees,eafie to be 
broken into final! fplinters, hollow, and full of acertaine pith cobweb-wife, fome- 
what gummy in eating, and hanging in rhe teeth, and of a ites bitter tafte. Itis 

of the thickneffe of the little finger, as Lobelins affixmeth of fome which he had feene in Venice. 
- 2» Baftard Calamus hath flaggy leaues like ynto the Water floure de-luce or flagge, but nar- 
rower, threé foot long ; ofa freth greene colour, and aromaticke {mell, which they keepe a long 
time,alohough they be dried. Now the ftalke which beares the floure or fruit is much like ano- 
ther 


Levees Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 63 


ther leafe, but onely from the fruit downwards, whereas it is fomewhat thicker,and not {6 broad, 


» butalmoft triangular. The floure is a long thing refembling the Cattailes which grow on Ha- 


‘fels ; it is about the thicknefle of an ordinarie Reed, fome inch and halfe long, ofa greehith yel- 
low colour, curioufly chequered, as if it were wroughtwith aneedle with greene and yellow filke 
intermixt ¢. I hauenot as yet feene it beare his tuft in my garden, and haue read that it is barren; 
and by proofe haue feene it fo:yet for all that I beleeue Clufias, who faith hee hath feene itbeare 
his floure in that place where it doth grow naturally, although in England it is altogether bara 
ren. The root is fieet in fmell,and bitter in tafte,and like vnto the common Flasce but {maller, 


OD~> 
and not fored, 


3 Calamus Aromaticus Antiquorum, 
The true Aromaticall Reed of the Antients, 


$3 Ithinkeitvery fitting inthis place to acquaint youwitha Plant, which by the eonje- 
&ure of the moft learned (and that not without good reafon) is iudged tobe the true Calamus of 
the Ancients, Clufiws giues vs the hiftoric thereofin his Notes vpon Garcias ab Horto, lib.t. ca. Ble 
in thefe words: Whenas (faith he) this Hiftorie was to béthe thirdtime printed, I very oppots 
tunely came to the knowledge of the true Calamsds Aromaticus , the which the leatned Bernard Pa. 
dudanus the Frifian, returning from Syria and Zgypt, freely beftowed vpon me,together with the 
fruit Habhel, and many other rare fecds, about the beginning of the yeare 1579. Now wee haue 
caufed a figure to be exaaly drawne by the fragments thereof (for that it feemes fo exquifitly to 
accord with Diofiorides his defcription.) In myne Opinion itis rather to be iudged an vmbellife. 
tous plant than a reedy ; for it hath a ftraight ftalke parted with m any knots or ioynts, otherwife 
{mooth, hollow within, and inuefted on the itiide with a flender filme like asa Reed; and it. breas 
keth into fhiuers or fplinters, as Dio/vorides hath written : it hath a {mell fufficiently ftrong , and 
the tafte is gratefull, yet bitter, and pertaking of fomte aftridtion : The leaues,as by remaines of 
them might appeare, feeme by couples at cuery ioynt to engirt the ftalke : the root at the top is 
fomewhat tuberous, and then ends in fibres. Twenty fiue yeares after Paludanus gaue me this Ca: 
tamus, the learned Anthony Coliae the Apothecaric (who lately tranflated into French thefe Coms 
mentaries the fourth time fet forth, 4ax0 1593) fentrhe from Lyons pieces of the like Reed , cer- 
tifying mewithall, That he had made vfe thereof in his Compofition of Treacle. Now thefe pies 
ces, though in forme they refembled thofe I had from Paludanus, yet had they a more bitter tafte 
than his, nether did they pattake of any aftriGion which petaduentufe was to be attributed to . 
the age ofone ofthe two, Thus much Clufius. $ 

q The place. 

_ The true Calamus Aromaticns groweth in Arabia, and likewife in Syria, efpecially in the moo- 
tifh grounds betweene the foot of Libanus and another litele hill; nopthe mountaine Antiliba. 
hus, as fomehaue thought,in a {mall valley neere toa lake,whofe plathes are dry in Sommer. Pliny 
I2. 22. ¢ 

Baftard or falfe Calamus erowes naturally at the foot ofa hill neere to Prufa a city of Bithynia, 
not far froma great lake. It profpereth exceeding well in my garden,but as yet itbeareth neither 
floures nor flalke. It groweth alfo in Candia,as Pliny reporterh iin Galatia likewife,and in many 
other places, 

; @ The time. 

They lofe their leaues in thebeginning of Winter, and do recouer them againe in the Spritig 
of the yeare. + In May this yeare 1632,1 receiued fromthe Worfhipfull Gentleman M.Thomas 
Glynn of Glyanlhivon in Carnaruanfhire, my very good fricnd, the pretty Jvlws , or floure of this 
plant ; which I could neuer fee here about London, though it growethwit. ys immany Gardens, 
and that ingreat plenty. + 3) 

; @ The names. : 

£ Thewant of the true Calamus being fupplied by Acorns as a fuccédaneim, was the caufe (as 
Pena and Lobdell probably cone&ure)that ofafubftitute it rooke the prime place ypon it ;.and ve- 
ng as it were madeaViec-Roy,irould needs be King, Butthe falfeneffe of the title was Haase 

tere 


an rn Beant 
ee ey 


64. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 1. 


uered by Matthiolus, and others, and fo it is fent backe to its due place againe ; though notwith- 
ftanding it yet in fhops retaines the title of Calamus. r. 

1 The figure that by our Author was giuen for this, is fuppofed, and that (as Tthinke truly) ” 
to bebut a counterfeit,of Ma'thiolus his inuention ; who therein hath beene followed . (according 
ro the cuftome of theworld) by diuers others. The defeription is of a {mall Reed called Calaionas 
oderatus Libani, by Lobell inhis Obferuations, and figured in his Zrones, p.54. 

> Thisiscalled a'r and ‘Azer by the Greckes : by fome, according to Apuleivs,"aserdofes; and 
in Latine it is called Acorys and Acorym ; and in fhops,as I haue formerly faid, Calamis Avromati- 
cus : forthey vfually take Galanga major, (deferibed by me, Chap. 26.) for Acorus. It may befides 
the former names be fitly called in Englifh, The fweet Garden Flag. 

3. Thisisiudged to be the Kérmuss afeuannte of Diofcorides ,the Kérporatdes Of Theophraftus , that is, 
the true Calamus Aromaticus that fhould bevfed in Compofitions. + : 

. The nature of the true Acorus, or our {weet garden F lag. 
Diofcorides faith, the roots haue an heating facultie : Galea and Pliny doaffirme,thatthey haue 
thin and fubtil! parts,both hot and dry. 

gq The vertues of the fame. ’ 

The décoétion of the root of Calamus drunke prouoketh vrine,helpeth the paine in the fide, i- 
uer, fpleene, and brett ; convulfions, gtipings,and burftings ; it eafeth and helpeth the piffing by 
drops. : i 
Iris of great effed, being put inbroth, or taken in fumes through a clofe ftoole, to prouoke 
womens naturall accidents. 
The inyce ftrained with a little honey, taketh away the dimnes of the eyes, and helpeth much 
againft poyfon, the hardneffe of the fpleene, and all infirmities of the bloud. 

The root boyled in wine, ftamped and applied plaifterwife vnto the cods, doth wonderfully 
abate the fwelling of the fame, and helpeth all hardneffe and colleG&tions of humors. 

The quantitie of two feruples and an halfe of the root drunke in foure ounces of Muskadel,hel- 

peth them that be bruifed with grieuous beating, or falls. 

The root is with good fuccefle mixed in counterpoyfons. In ourage it is put into Eclegma’s, 

that is, medicines for the lungs, and efpecially when the lungs and cheft are oppreft with raw and 

cold humors. 

$ The root of this preferued is very pleafant to the tafte, and comfortable tothe ftomacke and 

heart ; fo thatthe Turks at Conftantinople take it fafting in the morning, againft the contagion 

of thecorrupt aire. And the Tartars haue it in fuch eftceme, that they wil] not drinke Water 

(which is their vfuall drinke) vnleffe they haue firft Leeped fome of this root therein. $ a 
y The choice. 

The bef Acorus, as Diofcorides faith, is that which is fubftantiall , and well compact, white 

within, not rotten, full, and well fmelling. 

Pliny writeth, That thofe which grow in Candia are better than thofe of Pontus, and yet thofe 

of Candia worfe than thofe of the Eafterne countries, or thofe of England, although we haue no 

great quantitie thereof, 


gy The faculties of the true Calamus out of Diofcorides. 
¢ Itbeing taken in drinke moueth vrine ; wherefore boyled with the roots of graffe or Smal- 
lage feeds, it helpeth fuch as are hydropick, nephritick, troubledwith the ftrangurie, or bruifed. 
Itmones the Courfes,either drunke or otherwife applied. Alf the fume thereof taken by the 
mouth ina pipe, either alone or with dried Turpentine, helpes coughs. 
It is boyled alfo in baths for women, and decoétions for Glyfters ; anditenters into plaifters 
and perfumes for the fmells fake. + 


Cuar. 46. Of Corne. 


\ Hus farre haue I difcourfed vpon Graffes, Ruthes, Spartum, Flags, and Floure de- 
luces : my next labour is to {et downe for your better inftruétion , the hiftorie of 
Corne,and the kindes thereof, vnder the name of Graine ; which the Latines call 
282 Corialia fémina, or Bread-corne, the Grecians, amet and snunnete extpuaras of which wee 
<2 purpofe to difcourfe, There belong to the hiftorie of Graine all fuch things as be 

made of Corne, as Far, Condrus, Alica, Tragus, Amylum, Prifana, Polenta, Maxa, 
Byne or Malt,2Z’ ythum,and whatfoeuer are of that fort. There be alfo ioyned vnto them many feeds, 
which TAcophraftus in his eighth booke placeth among the graines ; as Millet, Sorgum, Panicke, 
Indian wheat, and fuch like. Galen in his firft booke of the Faculties of nourifhments, reckoneth 
YP 


a a ama ce 
List. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 65 

vp the difeafes of Graine, as well thofe that come of the graine it felfe degenerating , or that are 

changed into fome other kinde, and made worfe through the fault of the weather, or of the foile; 

asalfo fuch as be cumberfome by growing among them, doe likewife fitly fuccced the grainese 

And beginning with corne, we will firft {peake of Wheat, and deferibe it in the firtt place, bes 

caufe itis preferred before all other corne. 


1 Triticum {pica mutica. G] The defcription. 
White Wheate. 


I His kinde of Wheate which Lobelius; di- 
ftinguifhing it by the eare, calleth Spica 
Mutica,is the moft principal of all other, 
whofe eares are altogether bare or naked, without 
awnes ot chaffie beards. The ftalke rifeth from a 
threddy root, compaé of many firings, joynted or 
kneed at fundry diftances ; from whence fheor forth 
graffie blades and leaues like vnto Rie, but broader. 
The plant is fo well knowne to many,and fo profitable 
toall, that the meaneft and moft ignorant need no Jar- 
ger defcription to know the fameby. 

2 . The fecond kinde of Wheat, in root, ftalkes, 
joints, and blades, is like the precedent, differing one- 
ly in eare, and number of graines, whereof this kinde 
doth abound, hauing an eare confifting of many rariks, 
which feemeth to make the eare double or {quare. The 
root and graine is like the other, but not bare and na- 
ked, but briftled or bearded, with many fimall and 
fharpe eiles or awnes, not vilike to thofe of Barley. 

3 Flat Wheat is like vnto the orher kindes of 
Wheat in leaues, ftalkes,and roots, but is bearded and 
bordered with rough and fharpe ailes,wherein confifts 
the difference. + I know not what our Author means 
by this flat Wheat, but I conje@ure it to be the long 
rough eared Wheat, which hath blewifh cares when 
as it is ripe, inother things refembling the ordinary 
redwheat. + 

4 The fourth kinde is like the laft deferibed, and 

; thus differeth from it, in that,that this kind hath man 
fmal ears comming forth of one great eare,& the beards hereof be fhorter than of the former ted 

5 Brightwheate is like the fecond before defcribed, and differeth from icin that, that this 
kind is foure {quare, fomewhat bright and fhining, the other not. 

¢ Ithinke it avery fit thing to adde inthis place a rare obferuation, of the tranfinutation of 
one {pecies into another, in plants ; which though it hauc beene obferued of ancient times, as by 
Theophraftus, de cauf. plant. lib. 3. cap. 6. whereas amongft others hee mentioneth the change of 
tet agit *ojun, Spelt into oates :and by Virgil in thefe verfes , 

Grandia fepe quibus mandayimus Hordea fulcws, 

Infeclix Lolium, c fteriles dominantur avene. 

That Is 5 

In furrowes where great Barley we did fow, 

Nothing but Darnel and poore Oats do grow ; ‘ 
yetnone that I haue read haue obferued, that two feucrall gtaines, perfetin each refpet, did 
grow atany time in one eare : thewhich I faw this yeare 1632, in an care of white Wheat, which 
was found by my very good Friend Mafter John Goodyer,a man fecond to none in his indaftrie and 


; peowe : : 
fearching of plants, nor in his iudgement or knowledge of them. This care of wheatwas as large 
and faire as moft are,and about the middle thereof grew three or foure perfect Oats in all refpects: 
which being hard tobe found, I held very worthy of fetting downe,for fome reafons not to be in 


fiftedvpon inthis place. + 


i 
4 
' 


= 


ae 


os 
Sa 


ae 


G Theplace. 

Wheat growcth almoft in all the countries of the world that are inhabited and mannured,arid 
Fequireth a fruitful! and fat foile, and rather Sunny and dry, than watety grounds and thadowie : 
for inadry ground (as Columella xeporteth) it groweth harder and better compa: ina moitt and 


darke foile it degenerateth fomerime to be of sath } 
: 3 @ The 


B 


3 Triticum Typhinums 
Flat Wheat, 


66 Of the Hiltorie of Plants. Lvs. 


2 Triticum ariftis cirenmvallatum. 


Bearded Wheat, or Red-Wheat, 


Gq Thetime. 

They are moftcommonly fowen inthe fall of 

the leafe, or Autumne: fomtime in the Spring. 
T henames. 

Wheat is called of the Grecians 7.3, of the La- 
tines, Triticum, and the white Wheate Silico. Tr1- 
ticum doth generally fignifie any kinde of Corne 
which is threfhed out of the eares, and made clean 
by fanning or fuch ordinary meanes. The Germans 
call it HBeuler s in low Dutch, Pertwee sin Italian, 
Grano : the Spaniards,Trigo : the French men, Bled, 
on Fourment : in England we call the firft, White- 
Wheat, and Flaxen Wheat. Triticum Lucidum is 
ealled Bright Wheat : Red Wheat is called in 
Kent, Duck-bill Wheate,and Normandy Wheat. 

@ Thenature, 

Wheat (faith Galen) is very much vfed of men, 
and with greateft profit. Thofe Wheats do nou- 
rifh:moft which be hard,and haue theirwhole fub- 
{tance foclofely compact as they can fearcely be 
bit afunder ; for fuch doe nourifh very much: and 
the contrary but little. 

Wheat, as it is a medicine outwardly applied, is 
hovin the firft degree, yet can it nor manifeftly ei- 
therdry or moiften, It hath alfo a certaine clam- 
mineffe and ftopping qualitie. 

The vertues. 

Raw Wheat, faith Diofcorides, being eaten,brees 
deth wormes inthe belly: being chewed and ap- 
plied, it doth cnre the biting of mad dogs. 


4 Triticum multiplici (pica, 
Double eared Wheat, 


The floure of wheat being boyled with honey and water, orwith oyle and watcr , taketh away 


all inflammations, or hot fwellings. 


The bran of Wheat boyled in ftrong Vineger, clenfeth away fcurfe and dry {eales, and di ffol- 
ueth the beginning of all hot fivellings, if it be laid vnro them. And boyled with the deco&ion 
of Rue, it flaketh the fwellings inwomens brefts. nae 

The graines of white Wheat, as Pliny writeth in his wo and twentieth booke, an ee 
chapter, being dried brown, but not burnt,and the pouder thereof mixed with white wine 1s goo 


for watering eyes, if it be laid thereto. 


The dried pouder of red Wheatboyled with vineger, helpeth the fhrinking of finewes. a0) 
The meale of Wheat mingled with the juice of Henbane, and plaifterwife applied, appeatcth 


inflam- 


List Of the Hiftery of Plants. | 67 


inflammations, as Lens facer, or Saint Anthonies 


Ԥ Triticum lucidum, Fire, and fuch like, ftaying the flux of humors to 
Bright Wheat. the ioynts, which the Grecians call Rhenmatifina- 

igs a ta. Pafte made of fine meale,fuch as Booke-bin= 

Y 7 ders vfe, helpeth fuch as doe fpit bloud , taken 

YH warme one {poonfull at once. The branofwheat 


boiled in fharpe vineger, and rubbed vpon them 
that be {curuie and mangie,cafeth the party very 
much. 
= The leauen made of Wheat hath vertue to 
heate and draw outward, it refolueth,conco &eth, 
and openeth all fwellings, bunches, tumors, and 
felons, being mixed with falt. 

The fine floure mixed with the yolke of an 
egge, honey, and a little fatfron, doth draw and 
heale byles and fuchlike fores, in children and 
inold people,very welland quickely. Take crums 
ofivheaten bread one pound and an halfe, barley 
meale 3 ij. Fennigreeke and Linefeed of each an 
ounce, the leaues of Mallowes, Violets, Dwale, 
Sengreene, and Cotyledon, ana one handfull : 
boyle them inwater and oyle vntill they be ten- 
der: then ftampe them very {mall ina ftone mor- 
ter, and adde thereto the yolks of three egges, 
oyle of Rofes, and oyle of Violets,ana3 ij, Incor- 
porate them altogether;but ifthe inflammation 
grow to an Eryfipelas, then adde thereto the 
juice of Nightfhade, Plantaine, and Henbane, 
ana} ij. it eafethan Eryfipelas,or Saint Avthonies 
fire, and all inflammations very {peedily. 

Slices of fine white bread laid to infufe or 
ficepe in Rofe water, and fo applied ynto fore 
eyes which haue many hot humors falling into 
them, doth eafily defend the humour, and ceafe 
: the paine. 
___ The oyle of wheat preffed forth betweene two plates of horiron, healeth the chaps and chinks 
of the hands, feet,and fundament,which come of cold,making fmooth the hands, face,or any other 
part of the body. 

The fame vfed as a Balfame doth excellently heale wounds, and being put among falues or yn- 
guents, it caufeth them to worke more effe ually, efpecially in old vicers. 


Crap. 47. Of Rie. 


@ The defiription, 


other graines, It groweth vp with many ftalks, flenderer than thofe of wheat, and longer, 

__, With knees or ioynts by cettaine diftances like vnto Wheat : the eares are orderly framed 

e inrankes, and compaffed about with fhort beards,not fharpe but blunt, which when it floureth 

andeth vpright, and when it is filledvp with feed it leaneth and hangeth downward. The feed 

is long, blackifh, flender, and naked, which eafily falleth out of the huskes of it felfe. The roots 
bemany, flender, and full of firings, 


Vs leafeof Riewhen it firft commeth vp, is fomewhat teddith, aftenvard greene, as be the 


The place, 

__ Riegroweth very plentifully inthe molt disc Be Germany and Polonia, as appeareth by the 
Great quantitie brought into England in times df dearth,and fearcitie ofcorne,as hapned in the 
yeare 1596, and at other times, when there was a generall want of corne,by reafon of the abouns 
dance of raine that fell the yeare before; whereby great penurie enfued, as well of catte]l and all 
other viatuals, as of. all. manner of. graine. It groweth likewife very wel in moft places of England, 
efpecially towards the North, 

ae F3 @ The 


L 


ha} 

bt 
i 
t 
[ i 
| 
rh 


= 


ee a nme 


ee ET 9 


a Sc mia tik asa AP DSL Pa ES GL TRE APT OT STE TT RE EE SIE 
68 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 7 Li Bot 


@] Thetime. 

Iris for the moft parefowen ‘i Autunine, and 
fometimes in the Spring; which proueth to be a 
Graine more fubie to putrifa@ion than that 
which was fowen inthe fall of the leafe, by reafon 
the Winter doth ouertake it before it can attaine 


to his perfect maturitic and ripeneffe. 


@ Thenames. 

Rie is called in high Dutch, Sockettsin Low- 
Du tch, Rogge ¢ in Spanith, Cevteno : in Italian, Se- 
gala : in French, Seigle: which foundeth after the 
old Latine name which in Pliny is Secale and. Parra- 
0, lib. 18, cap.16. 


q] The temperature, 


Ricasa medicine is hotter than wheat,and more 

« forcible in heating, wafting, and confuming away 

that whereto itis applied. Itisofamoreclammy 

and obftruéting nature than Wheat,and harder to 

digeft ; yet torufticke bodies that can well digeft 
it, it yeelds good nourifhment. 


q The vertues. 


Bread, or the leauen of Rie, as the Belgian 
Phy/fitians affirme vpon their praétife, doth more 
forcibly digeft, draw, ripen, and breake all A- 
poftumes , Botches , and Byles, than the leven 
of Wheat. 

Rie Meale bound to the head in a Linnen 
Cloath, doth affivage the long continuing paines 
thereof. : 


Cuar. 48. Of Spelt Corne. 
q Thedefiription. 


Pelt is like to Wheat in ftalkes and eare: it groweth vp witha multitude of ftalks which are 
kneed and joynted higher than thofe of Barley : it bringeth fortha difordered eare, forthe 
moft partwithout beards. The cornes be wrapped incertaine dry huskes , from which they 

cannot eafily be purged, and are joyned together by couples in two chaffie huskes, out of which 
when they be taken they.are like vnto wheat cornes : it hath alfo many roots as wheat hath,where- 


of itis a kinde. 


q rhe place. 


Itgroweth in fat and fertile moift ground. 


a The time. 


Itis altered and changed into Wheat it felfe, as degenerating from bad to better, contrary to 
allother that do alter or change, efpecially (as Theophraftus faith) if itbe clenfed, and fofowen, 
butthat not forthwith, but inthe third yeare, 


a, The names. 


The Grecians haue called it 4 and za: the Latines Spelta : in the Germane tongue Spelt, 
and Sinkels inlow Dutch, Spelte sin French, E/peauere - of moft Italians, Pirra, Farra : of the 
Tufcans, Béada : of the Millanois, 4/ea: in Englifh, Spelt Corne. Dioftorides maketh mention 
of twokindes of Spelt : one ofwhich henames ms, or fingle : another, sé, which brings forth 
two cornes ioyned together ina couple of huskes, as before in the defcription is mentioned. That 
Spelt which Diofcorides calls Dicoccos, is the fame that Theophr and Galen do nathe Zea. The moft 
ancient Latines haue called Zea or Spelta by the name of Far, as Dionyfins Halicarnalfeus doth fuk 
ficiently teftifie : The old Romans ({aith he) did call facred marriages by the word gti, becaufe 


the 


Lia. _ Of the Hiftory of Plants. 69 


the Bride and Bridegroome did eate of that Far 


Zea fine Spelta, whichthe Grecians do call: The fame thing 4- 
Spelt Corne, Silepiades affirmeth in Galen, in his ainth Booke ac- 


cording to the places affected , writing thus, Far- 
708 quod Zea appellant : that is to fay;Far which is cal- 
led Zea, &e. And this Far isalfonamed of the La- 
tines, Ador, Adoreum, and Semen adore, 

@] The temper. 

Spelt, as Diofcorides reporteth, nouritheth more 
than Barley. Galen writeth in his Bookes of the Fa- 
culties of fimple Medicines, Spelt is in all his tem- 
perature in ameane betweene Wheat and Barley, 
and may in vertue be referred to the kindes of Bar. 
ley and Wheat, being indifferent to them both 

@ The vertues, 

The floure or meale of Spelt corne boyled in 4 
water with the pouder of red Saunders, and a little 
oyle ofRofes and Lillies, vnto the forme of a Pul- 
teffé,and applied hot, taketh away the fwelling of 
the legs gotten by cold and long ftanding. 

¥ Spelt (faith Turner is common about Weifen- B 
burgh in high Almanie, eight Dutch miles on this 
fide eth : and there all men vie ie for 
wheat ; for there groweth no wheat atall: yet I ne- 
uer faw fairer at pleafanaer bread in any place in 
all my Jife,than I hauecaten there, made onely of 
this Spelt. The Corne is much leffé than Wheat, 
and fomewhat fhorter than Rie, but nothing fo 
blacke, ¢ : 


‘Car. 493 Of Starch Corne. 


Tritkewm Amyleur, gq The aefiriptions 
Starch Core, ; ; 
ae aia His other kind of Spelt or Zeais called of the 
Germane Herbarifts Amyleum Frumentumpr 
Starchcorne ; and isa kinde of grain fowen 
tothat end, or a three moneths graine, and is very 
like vnto wheat in ftalke and feed ; but the eare 
thereof is fet round about, and made yp with two 
tanks, with certaine beards, almoft after the man- 
ner of Barley,and the feed is clofed vp in chaffie 
huskes, and is fowen in the Spring, 
G Theplace. 

Amilcorne, or Starch corne is fowen in Cer- 
manie, Polonia, Denmarke, and other thofe Fa- 
Sterne Regions, as well to feed their cattel and pul- 
fen with, asalfo to make ftarch ; for thewhich pur- 
pofe it doth very fitly ferue. 

q Thetime. 

It is fowen in Autumne, or the fall of the leafe, 
and oftentimes inthe Spring ; and for that caufe 
hath beene called Trime/tre,or three months grain: 
itbringethhis {eed to ripeneffe in the beginning 
of Auguft, and is fowen in the Low-Countties in 
the Spring of the yeare, 

G The names, 

Becaufe the Getmanes haue great vie of it to 

make ftatch with, they do call it Amelcoz: Wee 
She is thinke 


] 
| 
i 


a tT te a 


A ne er 


ee ee ae 


—a Of the Hiltorie of Plants. Led 


thinke good toname it in Latine Amyleum frumentum : in Englifh it may be called Amelcorne, 
after the Germaneword ; and may likewife be called Starch Corne. Tragus and Fuchfius tooke it 
tobe Triticum trimefirc, or three moneths wheat ; but it may rather be referred tothe Farra; for 
Columella{peaketh of a graine called Far Halicaftrum, which is fowen in the Spring ; and for chat 
caufe it is named Trimeftre, or three moneths Far. If any be defirous to learne the making of 
Starch, let them reade Dodoneus laft edition, where they hall be fully taught ; my felfe not wil- 
ling to fpend time about fo vaine a thing, and not pertinent tothe ftory. It is vfed onely to feed 
cattell, pullen,and make ftarch, and is in nature fomewhat like to wheat or Barley. 


Cuar. 50. Of Barley 


@ The defiription. 

Arley hath anhelme or ftraw which is fhorter and more brittle than that of Wheat, and hath 
more joints ; the leaues are broader and rougher ; the eare is armed with long, rough, and 
prickly beards or ailes,and fet about with fundry rankes, fometimes two, otherwhiles three, 

foure, or fix at the moft, according to Theophrafus but cight according to Tragus. The graine 1s 
included ina long chaffie huske : the roots be flender, and grow thicke together. Barley, as Plimy 
wae ofall graine the fofteft, and leaft fubie& to cafualtie, yeelding fruitvery quickely and 
profitably. 


a Hordeum Diftichon, 2 Hordeum Polyftichumvernum, 
Common Barley. Beare Barley, or Barley Big, 


1 Themoft vfuall Barley is that which hath bue wo rowes of Cornein the eare,each graine 
fet iuft oppofite to other, and hauing his long awne at his end, is couered with ahuske {ticking 
clofe thereto. Lier: Meh 

2 This which commonly hath foure rowes of corne in the eare, and fometimes more,as wee 
haue formerly deliuered, is not fo vfually fowenwith vs ; the eare is commonly fhorter than the 
former, but the graine very like ; (that none whe knowes the former, butmay eafily know the 
Jater at the firft fight, Tal? a Saad Mapes Colca 

‘gq The 


. EA 13 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 71 


The place. 

They are fowen, as Columelfateacheth, in loofe and dry ground, and areivell knowne al] Europe 
through. 4 ; 

2 The fecond is owen commonly in fome parts of Yorke {hire and the Bifhopricke of Dura 
ham. 

@ Thenames, 

1 The firft is called of the Grecians #0: inhigh Dutch, ®erftens in Low Dutch, ®erks in 
Italian, Ovzo - in Spanith, Cewada: in French, orge - in Englith, Barley. 

2 The fecond is called of the Grecians moss, and alfo eens: Columella calleth it Galaticum 3 
and Hippocrates, dri wists Of our Englith Northerne people, Big, and Big Barley. Crimmon (faith 
Galen inhis Commentaries vpon the fecond bookeof Hippocrates his Prognofticks) is the groffer 
part of Barley meale being groffely ground, Maltis well knowne in England, infomuch thatthe 
word needeth no interpretation ; notwithftanding becaufe thefe Workes may chance into the 
hands of Strangers, thatneuer heard of fucha word,or fuch a thing, by reafon it is not euerie 
where made ; I thought good to lay downe aword of the making thereof. Firlt, it is {teeped in 
water vntill it fivell ; then is it taken from the water, and Jaid (as they terme it) ina Couch ; that 
is, {pred vpon an euen floore the thickneffe of ome foot and an halfe; and thus is it kept vntill ic 
Come, that is, vntill it fend forth two or three little ftrings or fangs at the end of each Corne: 
then it is {pred vfually twice a day, each day thinner than other, for fome eight or ten daies {pace, 
vatill itbe pretty dry, and then it is dried vpwith the heate of the fire,and fovfed. Itiscalled in 
high Dutch, QBalt3s in low Dutch, Mout ; in Latine of ater time, Maltum : which name isbora 
rowed of the Germanes, Actins a Grecke Phyfitian nameth Barley thus prepared, wn, or Bine : 
Thewhich Authoraffirmeth, Thata plaifter of the meale of Malt is profitably laid vpon the 
fvellings of the Dropfie. Zythum, as Diodorus Siculus affirmeth, is not onely made in Asypt, but 
alfo in Galatia. Theaire is fo cold (faith he, writing of Galatia) that the country bringeth forth 
neither wine nor oyle , and therefore men are compelled to make a compound drinke of Barley, 
which they call Zythum, Déofcorides nameth one kinde of Barley drinke Zythum , another, Curmi, 
Simeon Zerhi a later Grecian calleth this kind ofdrinke by an Arabicke name, sg; in Englith wE 
call it Beere and Ale which is made of Barley Malt. 

"| Thetemperature. 
Barley, as Galen writeth in his booke ofthe Faculties of nourifhments,is not of the fame tems 
erature that Wheat is; for Wheat doth manifeftly heate, but contrariwife what medicine or 
a focuer is made of Barley, is found tohauea certaine force to coole and drye jn the fir 
degree, according to Galea in his booke of the facultics of Simples. It hath alfoa little abfterfiug 
orcleanfing qualitie, and doth dry fomewhat more than Beane meale. 
‘ | The vertues. 

Barley, faith Diofcorides, doth cleanfe, prouoke vrine, breedeth windineffe, and is anenemic £9 
the ftomacke. 

Barley meale boyled in an honied water with figges, taketh away inflammations :with Pitch, p 
Rofin, and Pigeons dung, it foftneth and ripeneth hard fwellings. Re 

With Melilot and Poppy feeds ittaketh away the paine in the fides: it is a remedy againft Cc 
. windineffe in the guts, being applied with Linefeed, Focnugrecke,and Rue : with tarre,wax, oyle, © 
and the vrine ofa yong boy, it doth digeft, foften, and ripe hard fivellings in the throat,called the . 
Kings Euill. ‘ . 

Boyled withwine,myrtles, the barkeof the pomegranate, wilde peares, and the leaues ofbram- 
bles, it ftoppeth the laske. / ; 

Further, it ferueth for Prifana, Polenta, MaXa; Malt, ale,andBeere, Themaking whercofifiany 5 
be defirous to learne, let them reade Lobelius Adverfaria, in the chapter of Barley. ButI thinke our 
London Beere-Brewers would feorne to learne to make beere of either French or Dutch > much 
feffe of me that can fay nothing thereimof mine owne experience more than by the Writin s of 
Others. But I may deliuervnto youa Confé@ion made thereof(as Columella did concerning fiveet 
wine fodden to the halfe) which is this ; Boyle ftrong ale till it come tothe thickeneffe of hony, 
©r the forme ofan vnguent or falue, which applied to the paines of the finewes and joints (as hae 
uing the propertie to abate aches and paines) may for want of better remedies be vied for old and 
new fores, if it be made after this manner. 

Take ftrong ale two pound, one Oxe gall,and boyle them to one pound witha foft fire,conti- 
nually firing it; adding theretoo Vineger one pound, of olibanum one ounce, floures of Camo- 
mil and melilot ofeach 3i.Rue in fine pouder 3s,a litle hony, and a fall quantitie of the pouder 
of Comin feed; boyle them all together to the forme ofan vnguent,and fo apply it. There be fiin- 
dry forts of Confetions made of Barley, as Polenta, Ptifana, made of water and husked or hulled 
barley, and fuch like. Polentais the meate made of parched Barley, which the Grecians doe pie 

penny 


i 


Ses 


Te oct liao : . 
72 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.t. 


Pe eee ee ee 

perly call “av MaXais made of parched Barley tempered with water, after Hippocrates and Xeno- 

phon » Cyrus hauing called his fouldiers together,exhorteth them to drinke water wherein parched 

Barley hath beene fteeped , calling itby the fame name, Maza. Hefjchivs doth interpret ui tobe 
Barley meale mixed with water and oyle. 

Barley meale boyled in water with garden Nightfhade, the leaues of garden Poppie, the pou- 

der of Foenugreeke and Linefeed,and a little Hogs greafe, is good againft all hot and burning 


fwellings, and pieuaileth againft the Dropfie, being applied vpon the belly. 


CuapP, $1. Of Naked Barley. 


Hordeumnudum. @ The defcription. 
Naked Barley. 


ordeumnudum's called Z. eopyrum, and Tri- 
tico-Speltum, becaufe it 1s like to Zea, 
otherwife called Spelra, and is like to that 
which is called French Barley, whereof is made 
that noble drinke for ficke Folkes, called Prifana. 
The plant is altogether like vnto Spelr, fauing 
that the eares are rounder, the eiles or beards 
rougher and longer, and the feed or graine naked 
without huskes, like towheat, the which in it’s 
yellowith colour it fomewhat refembles. 


q Theplace. 


$  Itisfownein fundry places of Germany, 
for the fame vfesas Barley is. 


q Thenames. 


It is called Hordeum Nudum, for that the 
Corne is without huske, and refembleth Barley. 
In Greeke it is called zien, becaufe it partici- 
pateth in fimilitudeand nature with Zea, that is, 
Spelt, and Pwros, (that is) wheat. + 


| The vertues. 


This Barley boyled in water cooleth vnnatu- 
rall and hot burning choler. In vehement feuers 
you may adde thereto the feeds of white Poppie 
and Lettufe, not onely tocoole, but alfo to pro- 
uoke fleepe. 

‘Againft the fhortneffe of the breath, and paines of the breft, may be added to all the forefaid, 
figs, raifins ofthe Sunne, liquorice, and Annife feed. : , , 
Being boyled inthe Whay of Milke, with the leaues of Sorrell, Marigolds,and Scabious, it 
c quencheth thirft, and gooleth the heate of the inflamed Liver, being drunke firft in the morning, 
and laft to bedward. 


Cuap: 


Liss. O 


Hordeum Spurium. 


Wall Barley. 


thon olen Waren 


— Mii 


= it 


SSS 
ype 2 
ZZ 


ty 
om 


hee 


Cua. 530 


OW Brika mowncnecos. S.Peters Cornes 


f thél Fa ftorie a Plane . 


Cua. 52. 
Of Wall Barley. 


q The defcription. 


tines Hordeum Spurium , is called of Pliny, 

Holcus ; in Englith, Wall Barley, Way 
Barley, oy after old Englith Writers, Way Ben- 
net.. It groweth vpon mud walls and ftony pla- 
ces by the wayes fides ; verywell tefembling 
Selfe-fowed Barley, yet the blades are rather 
like graffe than Barley. + This groweth fome 
foot and better in height, with gtaffic leaues, the 
eare is very like that of Rie, and the corne both 
incolour and fhape abfolutely refembles it ; fo 
that it cannot be fitlier named than by calling it 


F His kinde of wilde Barley,called of the La- 


wilde Rie, or Rie graffe. $ 


The vertues. 


This Baftard wilde Barley ftamped and ap- 


, plied vnto places wanting haire, doth caufe it to 


grow and come forth ; whereupon in old time ic 
was called Riftida. apo tctae 


Of Saint Peters (Corne. 


A 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis... 


ciate aOR ily APL ALLSOP ALAC eT TR EE Te 
_ —a The defcription. 


+1 Rizais a Cornewhofe leaues, ftalkes, and eares are leffe than Spelt; the eare refem- 
bles our ordinary Barley, the corne growing in two rowes, with awnes at the top, 
and huskes vpon it not eafily tobe gottenoff. In colour it much refembles barley; 
yet Tragus faith it isofa blackifh red colour. 3 

2 Thise4gilops in \eaues and ftalkes refembles wheat or barley, and it growes fome two 
handfuls high, haning a little eare or two at the oy of the ftalke, wherein are inclofed two or 
three feeds a little fmaller than Barley, hauing eac hof them his awneathisend. Thefe feeds are 
wrapped ina crefted filme or skinne, out of which the awnes:put themfelues forth. 

Matthiolus faith, That he by his owne trialLhath found this tobe true, Thatas Lolium, which is 
ourcommon Darnel, is certainly knowne to be a {ced degenerate from wheat, being found for the 
moft partamong wheat, or where wheat hath been: fois Fe/fucaa feed or grain degenerating from 
barley, and is found among Bar]ey,or where barley hath beene. 

; £ q The place. “aioe 

1 Brizais fowen in ome parts of Germany and France; and\my memorie deceiues me if I 

haue not often times found many eares thereofamongft ordinarie barley, when asI lived in the 

further fide of Lincolnefhire, and they there called it Brant Barley. 

2 This &gilaps growes commonly among their Barley in Italyand other hot countries. £ 
|. The names. 

1 BriXa Monococcos, after Lobelins, is called by Tabernamontanus, Zea Monococcos : in Englith, 

Saint Peters Corne,or Brant Barley. 

2 Feftucaof Narbonein France is called siya: in Latine,Agslops Narbonenfis,according to the 
Greeke :in Englifh, Hauer-graffe. pa 
_ ‘The nature. 

They arc of qualitic fomewhat fharpe, hauing facultic to digeft. 

“Thevertues. ; 
A The iuice of Fefiuca mixed with Barley meale dried,and at times of need moiftned with Rofe 
water, applied plaifterwife, healeth the difeafe called eAigilops, or Fiftula in the corner of the eye: 
it mollificth and difperfeth hard Jumps, arid aflwageth the fwellingsin the joynts, 


Cuar. 54. Of Otes. 


@ The defcription. 

1 VenaVefca, Common Otes, is called lee 4 Ve(cendo, becaute it is vfed in many coun- 
tries to make fundry forts of bread, as in Lancafhire,where it is their chiefeft bread 
corne for Iannocks, Hauer cakes, Tharffe cakes, and thofewhich are called generally 

Oten cakes ; and for the moft part they call the graine Hauer,whereof they do likewife make drink 

for want of Barley. 

2 Anena Nudais like ynto the common Otes ; differing in that, that thefe naked Otes imme- 

diately as they be threfhed, without helpe ofa Mill become Otemeale fit for ourvfe. In confide- 

ration whereof in Northfolkeand Southfolke they are called vnhulled and naked Otes. Some of 
thofe good houfe-wiues that delight not to haueany thing but from hand to mouth, according to 
our Englith prouerbe, may (whiles their pot doth fecth) goto the barne, and rub forth with their 
hands fufficient for that prefenttime, not willing to prouide for to morrow , according as the 
Scripture fpeaketh, but let the next day bring with it. 
@ The vature. 
Otes are dry and fomewhat cold of temperature, as Galen faith. 
G The vertues. 

Common Otes put intoa linnenbag, with alittle bay falt quilted handfomely for the fame 

purpofe, and made hot ina frying pan, and applied very hot, eafeth the paine in the fide called the 

{titch, or collicke in the belly. 

B If Otesbeboyled in water, and the hands or feet of fuch as haue the Serpiga or Impetigo, that is; 

certaine chaps, chinks, or rifts in the palmes of the hands or feet (a difeafe of great affinitie with 

the pocks) be holden ouer the fume or (moke thereof in fome bowle or other veffell wherein the 

Otes are put, and the Patient eouered with blankets to feat, being firft annointed with that oint- 

ment or vnétion vfually applied contra Morbam Gallicum : it doth perfectly cure the fame in fixe 


times fo anointing and {weating. 
Otemeale 


Line Ofsthe Hiftorie of Plants) SS m 


Otemeale is good for to make a faire and wel coloured maid to lookelikea cake of tallow,efpe- C 
cially if fhe take nexthen ftomagcke a good draught of {trong vineger after ir, : " 
Oremealé vfedasa Cataplafine dries and moderately difcuffes, and that without biting; for D 
ithath fomewhat acoole temper, with fomeaftriction, {0 that it is good againft fcourings, 


¢ @ AuenaNuda: 
tr AuenaVefia. 3 
Common Otes, : Naked Otes, 


Cuar 55. Of Wilde Otes. 


The defcription. 


1 Romos flerilis, called likewife Avena fatwa,which the Italians do call by avery aptname 
Venavana,and Auena Caffz, (in Englith, Barren Otes, or wilde Otes) hath like leaues 
and ftalkes as our Common Otes ; but the heads are rougher, fharpe, many little 

fharpe huskes making each eare. ‘ 

t 2 Thereis alfo another kinde of Bromos orwilde Otes, which Dodoneus calleth Fefluca alte. 
va, not differing from the former wilde Otes in ftalkes and leaues, but the heads are thicker, and 
more compact, each particular eare (as I may terme it) confifting of two rowes of feed handfom- 
ly ag and ioyned together ; being broader next the ftraw, and narrower as it comes’ to any 
end, 

$.@ Thetime and place. : p 

+ The firft in Iuly and Auguft may be found almoft in cuery hedge , the later is tobe found in 

gicat plenty in tho Ric, 
@ The names. . 

1 This is called in Greeke eguse we: in Latine,Bromos flirilis by Lobell: eEgylops primaby Mat~ 
thiolzs + in Englith, Wilde-Otes, or Hedge-Otes. ° ; 
2 Lobell calls this Bromos frerilis altera : Dodonens termes it Feftuca altera» in Brabant they call it 
Byaquicy sin Englith, Drauke, i 


I Browmgs 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. t. 


1 Bromos fterilis. % Bromos altera: ) 
~ Wilde Otes. yay Drauke,or {mall wilde Ores? 


/ 


@ The nature andvertues, 


“4 7% Ichatha SE Seamer (as Diofcorides faith.) Boile it in water together with the roots vn- 
till wo parts of three be confumed ; then ftraine it out,and adde to the decoctiona quantitie of 
honey equall thereto: fo boile it vntill it acquire the thickneffé of thin honey. This medicine is 
good againft the Xena and filthy vicers of the nofe, dipping a linnen cloth therein,and putting it 

iy vp intothe nofthrils , fomeadde thereto Aloes finely poudred, and fovfe it. 

{ B  Alfoboiled in Wine with dried Rofe leaues, itis good againft a ftinking breath. £ 


Cuar.56. Of Bearded Wilde Otes. 


qq The defcription. 


Gylops Bromoides Belgarum isa Plant indifferently partaking of the nature of eAigslops and 
Bromos. tisin thew liketothenaked Otes. The feed is fharpe, hairy, and {omewhat 
long, and of areddith colour, inclofed in yellowith chaffie huskes like as Otes , and may 

be Englifhed, Crefted or bearded Ores. I haue found it oftenamong Barley and Rie in fundry 
grounds. Thisis likewifevnprofitable and hurtfull to Corne ; whereof is no mtntion made by 
the Antients worthy the noting. : 


a -Aigylops 


“List Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


Cuar. 57. Of Burat Corne. 


qj The defcription. 

I Ordeum v ffitin, OF V fiilago Hordei,is thae 

H burnt or blatted Barley which is alto- 

gethervnprofitable and good for no: 

thing, an enemy vnto corne; for that in flead of an 

eare with corne, there is nothing elfe but blacke 

duftwhich {poileth bread , or whatfoeuer is made 
thereof. 

2 Burnt Otes, or ¥ftilaco Auene, or Auenacea, is 
likewife an vnprofitable Plant, degenerating fiom 
Otes,as the other from Barley,Rie, and Wheat. It 
were invaine to make a long harueft of fuch euill 
corne, confidering it is not pofle™d with one good 
qualitie. And therefore thus much thall fifiice fox 
the defcription. 

3 Burnt Richathno one good property in phi: 
ficke,apprapriate either to man,birds, or beaft, and 
isa hurtful! maladie to all corne where it groweth, 

hauing aneare in fhape like to corne,but in ftead of 
graine it doth yeelda blacke pouder or du, which 
caufeth bread to looke blacke, and to haue an euill 
tafte: and that corne where it is,is called {mootie 
corne, and the thing it felfe Burnt Corne,or blated 
corne, 


3 P ftilago Secalinag 
Burnt Rie: 


——= 


= 


SEES 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. {Opes I 


Cuar. 58 Of Darnell. 


‘x Lolium album. 2 Lolinm rubrum. 
» ,WhiteDarnell, , Le Red Darnell. 
Disa TLemnrrarKernr Ivan Aoi Ip eumMmnze/ 


The defiription. ; 

1 Montig the hurtfullweeds Darnell isthe firft. Itbringeth forth leaues or ftalkes like 
thofe of wheat or barley, yet rougher, with a long eare made vp of many little ones, 
euery particular onewhereof containeth two or three graines leffer than thofe of 

wheat, fcarcely any chaffie huske to couer them with, by reafon whereof they are eafily fhaken 
out and {eattered abroad. . 

2 Red Darnell is likewife an vaprofitable corne or graffe, hauing leaues like barly. The joints 
of the ftraw or ftalke are {ometimes ofa reddith colour, bearing at the top a fmall and tendereare, 
flat, and much in forme refembling the former. 

q The place. : q 

They grow in fields among wheat and barley, of the corupt and bad feed,as Galen faith,efpeci- 
ally ina moift and dankihh foile. 

- & Thetime. 

They {pring and flourifh with the corne, and in Auguft the feed is ripe. 

The names, ' 

1 Darnell is called in Greeke, aj: in the Arabian Tongue, Zizania and Sceylen: In French, 

Yuray : in Italian, Zaglio : in low Dutch, Zoliths in Englifh, Darnell : of ome, luray, and Raye: 
and of fome of the Latines, Triticum temulentum, , 
2 Red Darnell is called in Greeke oor Phenix, becaufe of the crimfon colour: in Latine, 
Lolium Rubrum,and Lolium Marinum : of fome,Hordeum Murinum and Triticum Marinum:in Dutch, 
Muple cozeri sin Englifh, Red Darnell, or great Darnell Graffe. 
q The temperature. 
Darnell is hot in the third degree, and dry in the fecond, Red Darnell drieth without fharpe- 
neffe, as Galen faith, ' 
q The 


RS NN A eA NN 


Lis. 1. OF the Hiftorie of Plants. 79 


@ Thevertuess 


———_ 


The feed of Darnell, Pigeons dung, oile Oliue, and pouder of Linefeed, boiled to the forme of A 


aplaifter, confume wennes,hard lumpes, and fuch like excrefcenfes in any part ofthe body, 

The new bread wherein Darnel is, eaten hot; eauifethndrunkenneffe : in like manner doth becre 
or ale wherein the feed is fallen, or put into the Malt. 

Darnell taken with red wine ftayeth the flux of the belly,ane the ouermiuch flowing of womens 
termes. ' i 

Dioftorides faith, That Darnell meale doth ftay and keepe backe eating forés; Ganigrenes, and 
putrified vicers ; and being boyled with Radith roots, falt, brim ftone,and vineger;tt cureth {ptea- 
ding {cabs, and dangerous tetters,called in Greeke, xéqme, and leprous or naughty feurfe. 

The feed of Darnell ginen inwhite or Rhenifh-rine, prouoketh the flowers or menfes. 

A fume made thereofwith parched barly meale,myrth,faftton,and frankinfence, made in form 
of a pulteflejand applied vpon the belly helps conception,and caufeth eafie deliuerance of child- 
bearing. ‘ : a3 

Red Datnell (as Diofcorides writeth) being diunke in fowre or harfh red Wine; ftoppeth the 
laske, and the ouermuch flowing of the flowers or menfes, and is a remedie forthofe that piffe in 
bed. ‘ 

q The danger. 

Darnell hurteth the eyes,and maketh them dim;if it happen in corne either for bread or drinke: 

which thing Oud in his firft booke Fafforum hath mentioned, in this verfe : 

Et careant lolijs oculos vitiantibus agri. 
And frereupon it feemeth that the old prouerbe came,That fuch as are dimme fighted fhould be 
faid, Lolio victitare. 


Cuare59. Of Rice. 


g] The defcription< 


Ice is like vnto Datnell in thew, as Theophra: 
Jfiws faith :it bringeth not forth an eare, like 
corne, but a cettaine mane or plume, as Mill, 
or Millet, or rather like Panick, The leaues,as Pliny 
writeth, are fat and full of fubftance, like to the 
blades of leeks,but broader : but(ifneither the foile 
norelimate did alter the fame) the plants of Rice 
that did grow in my garden had leaues foftand graf- 
fie like barly. The Houre did not thew it felfe with 
me, by reafon of the iniurie of our vnfeafonable yere 
1596. Theophraftws concludeth, that ithatha floure 
ofa purple colour. But,faith my Author,Rice hath 
leaues like vnto Dogs graffe or Barley, a fmall ftraw 
or ftem full ofioynts like cornesat the top where- 
of growethabuth or tuft farre inlike to barley or 
Darnell, garnithed with round knobs like {mall 
goofeberries, wherein the feed or graine is contai- 
hed : euery fuch round knob hath one {mall rough 
aile, taile, or beard like vnto barley hanging there- 
at. Arifobulys, as Strabo reporteth, fheweth, That 
Rice growes in water in Bactria, and heere Babylon, 
and is two yards high,and hath many eares,and brin- 
geth forth plenty offeed. Itis reaped at the fetting 
of the feuen ftarres, and purged as Spelt and Ote- 
medle, or hulled as French Barley. 
f q Theplace. 
a — It groweth in the territories of the BaG@rians, in 
tee he iris is y Babylon, in Sufium, and in the lower part of Syria. 
groweth in thofe dayes not onely in thofe countries before hamed, but alfo in the fortunate 
Iflands, and in Spaine, fromwhence it is brought vnto vs, purged and prepared as we fee, after the 
manner of French Barley. It profpereth beft in fenny and waterith places, ; 
: Ga a 


4 


i 
WE 


B 
Cc 


phe a eae 
80 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. [yee 


q] Thetime. 
It is fowen in the Spring in India, as Eratofthenes witnefleth, when it is moiftned with Sommer 
fhowers. 


q The names. 
The Grecians call it 4%, or as Theophraftws faith, sun: the Latines keepe the Grecke word Ory: 
Xa: in French it is called Riz : inthe Germane tongue, Bifs,and Ws tin Englifh, Rice. 
The temperature and vertues. 

Galen faith, That all men vfeto ftay the belly with this graine,being boiled after the fame man- 
ner that Chondrus is. In England we vfe to makewith milke and Rice a certaine food or pottage, 
which doth both meanly binde the belly, and alfo nourifh. Many other good kindes of food is 
made with this graine, as thofe that are skilfull in cookerie can tell. 


Cuar. 60. Of Millet. 


Milium. q The defcription. 
Mull, or Millet. 

Tinm vifeth vp with many haity ftalkes knet- 
ted or jointed likewheat. The Icaues are 
long, and Jike the leaues of the Common 

Reed. It bringeth forth on the top of the ftalke a 
{poky bufhor mane, called in Greeke eéén, like the 
plume or feather of the Pole reed, hanging downe- 
wards, of colour for the moft part yellow or white 
inwhich groweth the feed, fmall,hard,and glifte- 
ring,couered with a few thinne kuskes,out of which 
it eafily falleth. Theroots be many,and grow deep 
jn the ground, 

2 Milinmnigrumis like vnto the former, fauing 
thatthe eare or plume of this plant is more loofe 
and large, and the feed fomewhat bigger, of a fhi- 
ning blacke colour. 

a q The place. 

Ir loueth light andloofe mould, and profpereth 
beftina moiftand rainy time. And after Columella, 
it groweth in greateft aboundance in Campania. I 
haue of it yearely inmy garden. 

The time. 

Iris tobe fowen in Aprilland May,and notbe- 

fore, for it ioyeth in warme weather. 
The names. 

It is named of the Grecians, wz: OF (OME, uyzgve2 
and of Hippocrates, Pafpale , as Hermolaus faith : In 
Spanith, fo: in Italian, aiglio- in High-Dutch, 
Wirz: in French, Millet : in Low-Dutch, Hivgs in 
Englith, Mill, or Millet. 

The temper. 
Iris cold in the firft degree, as Galen writeth, and dry in the third, or in the later end of the fe- 
cond, and is ofathinne fubftance. 


q The vertues. ‘ 
A The meale of Mill mixed with tarre is laid to the bitings of ferpents, and all venomous beafts. 
B There isa drinke made hereof bearing the name of Sirupus Ambrofij, Or Ambrofe his fyrup,which 
procureth fweat, and quencheth thirft, vied in the city of Milan in Tertian agues, The receit 
whereof Henricus Rant{onius in his booke of the gouernment of health ferreth downe in this man- 
ner; Take (faith he) of vnhusked Milla fufficient quantitie, boile it till ir be broken ; then take 
fiue ounces of the hot decoétion,and adde thereto two ounces of the beft white wine,and fo give 
it hotynto the patient,being well couered with clothes, and then he will fweat throughly.This is 
likewife commended by Lohannes Heurneus,in hisbooke of Pra ctife. fsa i 
C . Millet parched, and fo put hot intoa linnen bag, and applied, helpes the griping paines of the 
belly, or any other paine occafioned by cold, b 
7 Chap, 


Lis. t Of the Hiftory of Plants. £ 


Cuar. 61, Of Turkie (orne. 


1 Frumentum Afiaticum, 2 FrumentumTurcicum, 
Corne of Afia. Turkie Corne, 


\ 
DAN 
q rhe kindes: 


F Turkie cornes there be diuers forts, notwith{tanding of one ftocke or kindred, confifting of 
O fundry coloured graines, wherein the difference is eafic to be difcerned, and for the better ° 
explanation of the fame, I haue fet forth to your view certaine eares of different colours, in their 
fulland perfect ripeneffe, and fuch as they thew themfelues to be when their skinne or flme doth 
open it {elfe in the time of gathering. 


The forme of the eares of Turky Wheat. 


3 Frumenti Tadici (pica. 
Turkiewheat in the huske, as alfo naked orbare, 
> 


4 ht 


eeeeeeetee Ae 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 1 
2 ee 
: The defcription. ; 

I Orne of Afiabeareth a long great ftem or ftalke, couered with great leaues like the 
great Cane rced, but much broader, and ofa darke brownifh colour towards the bot- 
tome :at the top of the ftalkes grow idle or barren tufts likethe common Reed,fom- 

times ofone colour, and fometimes ofanother, Thofeeares which are fruitful do grow vpon the 
fides of the ftalkes, among the leaues,which are thicke and great, fo couered with skins or filmes, 
that aman cannot fee them vntill ripeneffe haue difcouered them. The graine is of fundric co- 
lours, fometimes red, and fometimes white, and yellow, as my felfe hauc {cence in myne owne gar- 
den, where ithath come to ripeneffe. 


6 Frumentum Indicum cearuleum. 
Blew Turky wheat. 


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2 The ftalke of Turky Wheat is like that of the Reed, full of {pongie pith, fet with many 
ioynts, fiue or fix foot high, bigge beneath,and now and then of a purple colour,and by little and 
little {mall aboue : the leaues are broad, long, ferwith vaines like thofe of the Reed. The eares 
on the top of the ftalke be a {panne long, like vnto the feather top ofthe common Reed, diuided 
into many plumes hanging downward, empty and barren without feed,yet blooming as Riedoth. 
The floure ts either white, yellow, or purple, that is to fay, cuenas the fruit willbe. The Fruit is 
contained in very bigge cares, which grow out of the ioynts of the ftalke, three or foure from one 
{talke, orderly placed one abouc another, couered with cotes or filmes like huskes and leaues,as if 
itwerea certaine fheath ; out of which do ftand long and flender beards, foft and tender, like thofe 
laces that grow vpon Sauorie, but greater and longer, euery one faftned vpon his owne feed. The 
feeds are great, of the bigneffe ofcommon peafon, cornered in that part whereby they are faftned 
to the care, and in the outward part round : being of colour fometimes white, now and then yel- 
low, purple, or red of tafte fweetand pleafant, very clofely ioyned together in eight or tenne or- 
dersorrankes. This graine hath many roots, ftrong, and full of firings. 

| Theplace. 

Thefe kindes of graine were firft brought into Spaine , and then into other prouinces of Eu- 
rope : not (as {ome fuppofe) out of A fia minor, which is the Turks Dominions , but out of Ame- 
rica and the lands adioyning, as out of Florida and Virginia, or Norembega,where they vfe to 
fow or fet it, and to make bread of it where it groweth much higher than in other countries. It is 
planted in the gardens of thefe Northerne regions, where it commeth to ripeneffe when the fom- 
mcr falleth out tobe faire and hor, as my {elfe haue feene by proofe in myne owne garden. 

e q The 


Dis. 1. Of the Hittorie of Plants. 83 


The time. 
It is fowen inthefe countries in Marchand April, and the fruit is ripe in September, 
@ Thenames, ; 

t Turky wheatis called of fome Framentum Turcicnm,and Milium Indicum,as alfo Maixum,and 
Maiz,or Mays. It in all probabilitie was ynknowne to the antient both Greeke and Latine Au 
thors. In Englith it is called Turky corne, and Turky wheat. The Inhabitants of America aut 
the Iflands adioyning, as alfo of the Eaft and Weft Indies, do call it Mavs : the Virginians, Paga- 
16PPn 

The temperature and vertues. 

Turky wheat doth nourith far leffe han either wheat, rie, barley, or otes. The breadwhich is 
made thereof is meanly white,without bran :itis hard and dry as Bisker is,and hath in itno clam- 
mineffe at all ; for which caufe it is of hard digeftion, and yeeldeth to the body little Of No nou- 
rifhment,, it flowly defcendeth, and bindeth the belly, as that doth which is made of Mill or Pa- 
nick, We haueas yet no certaine proofe or experience concerning the vertues of this kinde of 
Corne ; although the barbarous Indians, which know no better, are conftrained to make a vertue 
of neceffitie, and thinke it a good food : whereas we may eafily iudge,that it nourifheth but little, 
and is ofhard and cuill digeftion, a more conuenient food for fwine than for men. 


Cuar. 62. Of Turkie Millet. 


Sorghum. | The defcription, 
Turky Millet. 


Viky Millet is a ftrangerin England It hath 
T many high ftalkes,thicke,and jointed com- 
monly with fome nine ioynts, befet with 
many long and broad leaues like Turky Wheat ; 
at the top whereof groweth a greatand large tuft 
or eare like the great Reed, The feed is round and 
fharpe pointed, of the bigneffe ofa Lentill,fome- 
times red, and now and then ofa fuller blacke co- 
Jour. It is faftned witha multitude of {trong {len- 
der roots like'vato threds :the whole plant hath 
the forme ofa Reed: the ftalkes and eares when 
the feed is ripe are red. 
q The place. 

It ioyeth ina fat and moift ground : it growerh 
in Italy, Spaine, and other hot regions, 

| The time. 

This is one of the Sommer graines, and is ripe 
in Autumne, 

© The names, 

The Millanois and other people of Lombard y 
callit Melegua,and Meleca : in Latine, Melica : in 
Hetruria,Saggina - inother places of I taly,Sorgho; 
in Portugal, Milinm Saburrum : in Englith, Turky 
Mill, or Turky Hirfle. 

¢ This feemes to be the cilium which was 
brought into Italy out of India, in the reigne of 
the Emperour Nero: the which is deferibed by 
Pliny, lib. 18. cap. 7. ¢ 

The temperature andvertues, 

The feed of Turky Mill is like ynto Panicke in 
tafte and temperature. The country People fome- 
times make bread hereof, but itis brittle, and of little nourifhment, and for the moft part it fer- 
ueth to fatten hens and pigeons with, ' 


Cuar. 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. > 


‘y Panicum Indicum 
Indian Panick. 


Crap. 63. 


Of Panick. 
GQ Thekindes. 


Herebe fundry forts of Panicke , although of 

the Antients there haue beene fet downe but 

two, that is to fay, the wilde oy field Panicke, and 
the garden or manured Panicke, 


a The defcrip tin, 


I He Panick of India groweth vp like 

Millet, whofe ftraw is knotty, or full 

‘of ioynts ; the ears be round,and han- 

ging, downward, in which is contained a white’ or 
yellowith feed, like Canarie feed,or Alpifti. 

2 Blew: Panieck hath a reddith ftalke like to 
Sugar cane,astalfasaman, thicker thana finger, 
full of a fungous pith, of pale colour : the ftalkes 
be vpright and knotty ; théfe that grow neere the 
root are ofa purple colour son the top of the ftalk 
commeth forth a fpike or eare like the water Cats 
Taile, but ofa blew Or purple colour. The Seed 
is like to naked Otes : The Roots are very fmall, 
in refpect of the other parts ofthe plant. 


ue & Panicum Amntricanum (picalong isin 
Weft-Indian Panicke with a very 
long eare, 


Lis. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 85 
—_— — —— 
#3 Tothefe may beadded another Weft-Indian Panicke, fent to Clufivs from M. ames Ga- 
_vtt of London... The eare hereof was.thicke, clofe, compact.and made Taper-fathion, fmaller-at 

the oneend than at the other; the length thereofwas more than a foot & halfe. The tfhape of the 
feed is much like the laft deferibed, but thar many of thenitogether are contained in one hairie 
huske,which is faftned to avery fhort ftalke, as you may fee reprefented apart by the fide of the 
figure $ 


4 Panicum vuleare: 5 Panic filueftre, 
Common or Germane Panicke, _ : Wild Panicke. 


OD ite do pe. sp nae 


4 Germane Panicke hath many hairy roots growing thicke together like vnto wheat,asis all 
the reft of the plant, as well Jeaues or blades, as ftraw or ftalke, The eare growethat the top fin- 
gle, not vnlike to Indian Panicke,bui much leffer, The graines are contained in chaffie {eales,red 

eclining totawny. “+ ‘ 

5 Thewilde Panicke eroweth vpwith long reeden ftalkes, full of ioynts,fet with long leaues 
like thofe of Sorghum, or Indian Panicke : the tuft or feather-like top ‘is like ynto the common 
reed, or the care of the graffe called 1/themon,or Manna graffe. The root is fmalland threddy, 

: @ The place andtime. 

Thekindes of Panick ate fowen in the Spring, and are ripe in the beginning of Auguft. They 
profper beft in hot and dry Regions,and wither for the moft'part with much watering,as doth Mil 
and Turky wheat : they quickly come to ripeneffe, and may be kept good a long time. 

| The names. 
* Panick is called in Grecke neue, and wrin Diocles the Phyfition nameth it mel Frugum : the Spa- 
niards, PaniXo : the Latines, Panicum, of Pannicula : in Englith, Indian Panicke, or Otemedle, 
@ THe temperature. 
Panicks nourith little, and are driers,as Galen faith. 
| The vertuess 

Panicke ftoppeth the laske, as Miller doth, being boyled (as Play reporteth) in Goats milke, 
and dtunke twice in aday. Outwardly in Pulteffes or otherwife, it dries and cooles. A 

Bread made of Panick nourifheth little, and is cold and dry, very brittle, hauing in it neither 


. . 2 . . 
clammineffe nor fatneffe ; and therefore it drieth a moift belly. 
Chap, 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis: 1% 


Cuar.64. Of Canary feed, or Pety Panicke. 


'y Phalaris. ; 2 Phalarts pratenfis. 
Canaric feed. : Quaking graffe, 


I War OY A Law, 


Di Loris Larorundy - 


«| The defcription. 


I Anarie feed, ot Cariarie graffe after fome, hath many {mall hairy roots , from which 
arife {mall ftrawie ftalkes ioynted like corne, whereupon do grow leaues like thofe of 
Barley,which the whole plant doth very well refemble. The fmal] chaffic eare grow- 

eth at the top of the ftalke, wherein is contained fmall feeds like thofe of Panicke, ofa yellowifh 
colour, and fhining. 

2 Shakers,or Quaking Graffe groweth to the height ofhalfe a foot,and fometimes higher, 
when it groweth in fertile medowes. The ftalke is very {mall and benty, fet with many graffie 
leaues like the common medow graffe, bearing at the topa buth or tuft of flat {ealy pouehes, like 
thofe of Shepheards purfe, but thicker,ofa browne colour, fet vpon the moft {mall and weake hai- 
ry foot ftalkes that may be found, whereupon thofe fmall pouches do hang : by meanes of which 
{mall hairy ftrings, the knaps which are the floures do continually tremble and fhake, in fuch 
fort that itis not poffiblewith the moft ftedfaft hand to hold it from fhaking. 

+ 3 There isalfoanother Graffie plant which may fitly be referred to thefe : the leaues and 
ftalkes refemble the laft deferibed, but the heads areabout the length and bredth ofa fmall Hop, 
and handfomely compaétof light fealy filmes much like thereto; whence fome haue termed it 
Gramen Lupuli glumis. The colour of this pretty head when it commeth toripeneffeis white. + 


@ The place. 
x Canaric {eed groweth naturally in Spaine, and alfo in the Fortunate or Canary Iflands, and 


doth grow in England or any other of thefe cold Regions, if it be fowen therein. 
2 Quaking 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. es 


8 Phalaris pratenfis alterd. 


2 Quaking Phalars groweth in fertile paftures, and 
in dry medowes. 

3 Thisgrowcs naturally in fome parts of Spaine, 
and it is fowen yearely in many of our Londog Gar: 
dens: 

GJ The time. 

t 3 Thefe Canaric feeds are fowen in May,and are 
tipein Auguft. 

G] The names; 

1 Canary feed, or Canarie core is called of the 
Grecians, o=uex: the Latines retaining the fame name 
Phalaris : inthe Iflands of Canarie, Alpiffi : in E 
Cana rie feed, and Canary graffe, 

2 Phalaris pratenfisiscalled alfo Gramen tremulur - 
in Chefhire about Nantwich, Quakers and Shakers fin 
fome places, Cow-quakes. 

3 This by fome is termed Phalarix altera : Clufius 
calleth it Gramen Amourettes majus : Bauhine, Gramentre- 
mulun maximum : In Englith they callit Pearle-Grafle, 
and Garden-Quakers. 

The nature and vertues, : 

I finde not any thing fet downe as touching the tem- 
perature of Phalaris, notwithftanding it is thought to be 
of the nature of Millet. 

The iuyce and feed,as Galen faith, are thought to be 
profitably drunke againft the paines of the bladder: A- 
pothecaries for want of Millet doe vfe the fame with 
good fucceffe in fomentations ; for in dry fomentations. 
at ferueth in ftead thereof, and ts his ficcadanenm, or quid 
ve = oie vfe itin England alf{o tofeed the Canatie 

irds, 


Cuap. 65. 
Of Fox-Taile. 
q The defcriptions 


i Ox-tailehath many graffie leaves cr 
blades, rough and hairy, like vnto 

thofe of Barley; but leffe and fhorter, 
The ftalke is likewife foft and hairy ; whereupon 
doth grow a {mall {pike or eate, foft, and very 
downy, briftled with very fmall haires in fhapes 
like ynto a Fox-taile, whereof ittooke his name, 
which dieth at the approch of Winter, and te- 
aes itfelfe the next yeare by falling of his 

eed. 

¢ There is one or two varieties Of this Plané 
in the largeneffe and fmalneffe of the eare, 

2 Befides thefe forementioned ftrangers, 
there  alfo another which growes naturally in 
many watry Salt places ofthis kingdome, as in 
Kent by Dartford, in Effex,&c. The ftalkes of 
this plant are graffy, and fome two foot high, 
with leaues like Wheat or Dogs Graffe. The 
eare is very large, being commonly foure ot fiue 
inches long, downy, foft like filke,and of a brows 
aifh colour, ¢ ; 

' G The 


88 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Tan 


@ The place. 
1. Thiskinde of Fox-taile Grafle groweth in England, onely in gardens. 
q The time. 
1 This fpringeth vp in May, of the feed that was {cattered the yere before,and beareth his taile 
with his feed in lune. 
2 Thisbeares his headin Luly. 


, Thenames. 
rt There hath not beene more faid of the antient or later writers,as touching the name, than 
is {et downe, by which they called itin Greeke Alopecuros , that isin-Latine, Candavulpss ; in En- 
glifh, Fox-taile. 
2 This by Zobellis called Alopecuros altera maxima Anglica paludofa; that is, The large Englitt 
Marth Fox-taile. is 


@ Thetemperatire and vertues. 
I finde not any thing extant worthy the memorie,cither of his nature or vertues. 


Cuar. 66. Of fobs Teares. 


Lachrime tob. @| The defcription. 
Tobs Tearese ; 


obs Teares hath many knotty ftalks,proceeding 
from a tuft ofthrecdy roots , two foot high, 
fet with great broad leaues like vnto thofe of 
reed ; amongft which Icaues come forth many 
f{imall branches like ftraw of corne:on the end 
whereof doth grow a gray fhining feed or graine 
hard to breake, and like in fhape tothe feeds of 
Gromell, but greater, and of the fame colour, 
whereof] hold ita kinde ; cuery of which grains 
are bored through the middeft like a bead, and 
out ofthe hole commethafmall idle or barren 
chaffie eare like vnto that of Darnell. 
@ The place. 

It is brought from Italy and the countries ad- 
joyning, into chee countries,where it doth grow 
very well,but feldome commeth to ripenefle; yer 
my felfe had ripe feed thereof in my garden, the 
Sommer being very hot. 

@| Thetime. 

It is fowenearly in the Spring,or elfe thewin- 

terwill ouertake it before it come to ripeneffe. 
G@ Thenames. 

Diuers have thought it to be Lithafpermi fpe- 
cées,ora kinde of Gromell, which the feed doth 
very notably refemble, and doth not much ditter 
from Diofcorides his Gromell. Some thinke it 
Plinies Lithofpermum , and therefore it may verie 
aptly be called in Latine, Arundo Lithofpermos, 
that is in Englith, Gromell reed, as Gefner faith, 
’ It is generally called Lachrina iob, and Lachrima 
Tobi : of fome it is called Diopires : in Englith itis called fobs Teares, or Jobs Drops, for that euery 
graine refembleth the drop or teare that falleth from the eye. 

The nature and vertues. 

There is no mention made of this herbe for the vfe of phyficke : onely in France and thofe pla- 
ces (where it is plentifully growing) they do make beads, bracelets, and chaines thereof, as wedo 
with pomanderand fuch like. 


Chap. 


Let Of the Hiftory of Plants. ° 


Cuar. 67. Of Buck-wheat. 
Tragopyron. | The defcription, 
_ Buckwheat, or Buckej. : 
OP hire eeaes s F doy Ae Vck-wheat may very well be placed among 
ae 5 ag the kinds of graine or corne, for that often. 


times in time of neceffitie bread is made 
thereof, mixed among other graine. It hath 
round fat ftalkes fomewhatcrefted, {mooth and 
reddifh,which is diuided in many armes or bran- 
ches,whereupon do grow fmooth and foft leaues 
in fhape like thofe of Iuie or one of the Binde- 
weeds,not much vnlike BafilwherofTabernamon- 
tanus called it Ocymum Cereale > The floures be 
{mall, white,and cluftred together itrone or fhoe 
tufts orvmbels, flightly datht ouer here & there 
witha flourith of light Carnation colour, The 
feeds are of a darke’ blackith colour, triangle, 
or three fquare like the feed of blacke Binde. 
weed, The root is fall and threddy, 


g The place, 


It profpereth very wel in any ground, be it ne- 
wer fodry or barren,where it is commonly fowen 
to ferueas it were in ftead ofa dunging, It quick- 
ly commeth vp, and is very foone ripe: it isverie 
common in and about the Namptwich'in*Che- 
thire, where they fow-itas well Be food for their 
cattell, pullen, and furch like,as to the vfe afore- 
faid. It groweth likewifein Lancathire 5 andin 
fome parts of our South country, about London 
in Middlefex, as alfoin Kent and Effex, 


| Thetime, 


This bafe kinde of graine is fowen in Aprill and the beginning of May, and isripe in the be- 
ginning of Auguft. 
| The names, 


Buck-wheat is called of rhe high Almaines, Depderscogn s ofthe bafe Almaines, Bucher 
{neidt ; that is to fay, Hérci triricum, or Goats wheat :of fome, Fagi triticum, Beech Wheat : In 
Grecke, ipsewen, by Theophraftus , and by late Wrhiters, meyer: in Latine, Fagotriticum,taken from 
the fathion of the feed or fruit of the Beech tree, It is called alfo Fegopyrum , and Tragopyron: In 
Englith, French wheat, Bullimong, and Buck-wheat : In French, Dragee aux cheueans- 


_G The temper. 
Buck-wheat nouritheth leffe than Wheat, Ric, Barley, or Otes, yet more than either Mill or 
Panicke. P 
q). Thevertues, 


~ Bread made of the meale of Buck-wheat is ofeafie digeftion, and fpeedily paffeth through the 
belly, but yeeldeth littlenourighment. 


H Char, 


9 


° Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ee 


Cusr, 68 Of (mW bet 


a Melampyrum album. £2, Melampyrum purpurtum, 
~ ‘White Cow-wheat. Purple Cow-wheat, 
a he Dre fe 


3 Melampyrum ceruleams 
Blew Com-wheat, 


£4 Melampyramluteum. 
Yellow Cow-wheate 


a] The defcription. 


5 Elampyrum growes vpright,with a ftraight 
‘ftalke, hauing other {mall ftalkescom- 

ming from the fame,ofa foot long, The 

deaues are Jong and narrow, and ofadarke colour. On 
the top of the branches grow buthy or fpikie eares full 
of floures and {mall leaues mixed together, and much 
jagged, thewhole care refemblinga Foxe-taile. This 
eare 


i ma a 
Lis. t Of the Hiftory of Plants. 91 


eare beginneth to floure below, and fo ypward by little and little vnto the top: the fimall leaues 
before the opening of the floures, and likewife the buds of the floures, arewhite of colour: Then 
come vp broad husks, wherein are enclofed two feeds fomewhat like wheat, but fmaller and brow 
ner. The root is ofawoody fubftance. : 
#23 Thefe twoarelike the former in ftalkes and leaues, but different inthecolour of their 
floures, thewhich in the'oneare purple, and in the other blew. Cfufius calls thefe, aslalfo the Cra- 
“ta0zonon treated of in the next Chapter, by the names of Parietarie {ylve(tres. + fi 
4 Ofthiskinde there is another called cAtelampyrum luteum, which groweth néere ynto the 
ground, with leaues not much vnlike Harts horne, among which rifeth vp a finall ftraw with an 
“eare at the top like A/opecwros, the common Fox-taile, but ofa yellow colour. 
q The place. 
1 The firft growethamong corne, and in pafture grounds that be fruitfull sit groweth plenti- 
fully in the paftures about London. ' , 
~~ Thereft are ftrangers in England. Be 
@ Thetime. 


A 


They floure in une and Iuly. 
@ The names, 


Melampyrum is called of fome Triticum vaccinivm :in Englith, Cow-wheat, and Horfe-floure.s 
in Grecke, andwme: The fourth is called Melampyrum lutevm : in Englith, Yellow Cow-wheat. 
q he danger, 
_ Thefeedof Cow Wheat raifeth vp fumes, and is hot and dry of nature, which being taken in 
Sa and drinks in the manner of Darnell, troubleth the braine, caufing drunkenneffeand head- 
ache, 


Cuar. 69: . Of Wilde (o»-W beat* 


3 Crateogonon album. i q The defeription, 

: Wilde Cow-wheat. - 
is, I He firft kinde of wilde Cow-Wheat 

Clufizs in his Pannonick hiftory calls 
Parietaria(ylveftris, orwilde Pellito- 
rie: which name, according to his owne words,if 
itdo not fitlyanfwerthe Plant, hee knoweth not 
what to cal it,for that the Larines haue not giuen 
any name thereunto: yet becaufe fome haue fo 
called it, he retaineth the fame name. Notwith- 
ftanding he referreth it vnto the kindes of atelam- 
pyrum, or Cow-wheat, or vntoCrataogonon , the 
wilde Cow-wheat, which it doth very wel anfwer 
indiuers points. It hath an hairy foure fquare 
ftalke, very tender, weake, and cafie to breake, nor 
able to ftand vpright. without, the helpe of his 
neighbours that dwelfabouthim, afoot high or 
more; whereupon do grow Jong thin leaues,fharp 
pointed, and oftentimes lightly fnipt about the 
edges ,of a darke purplifh colour, fometimes 
greenifh, fet by couples.one oppofite againft the 
other; among the which come forth two floures 
atone toynt, long and hollow, fomewhat gaping 
like the floures of a dead nettle,at the firft of a 
pale yellow, and after ofa bright golden colour ; 
which do floure by degrees, firft afew, and then 
more, by meanes whereof it is longin flouring. 
Whichbeing paft, there fucceed {mall cups or 
A feed veffels,wherein is contained browne feed not 
rH, vnlike to wheat. The whole plant is hairy,notdifs 

: fering from the plant Stichwort, 

; 2 Red leafed wilde Cow-wheat is like vnto the former, fauing that the leaues be narrower,and 
the tuft of leaues more lagged, The ftalkes and Icaues are of a reddith horfe-fleth colour. The 
H 2 floures 


—— 


92 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 1. 


loures in forme ate like the other, but in colour differing ; for that the hollow part of the floure 
with the heele or fpurre is of a purple colour, the reft of the floure yellow, The feed and veffels 


ate like the precedent. 


3 Crataogonon Enphrofine. 
Eyebright Cow-whear} 


pr He: wot Oo ° vt * fe J. 


| The defcription. 


This kinde of wilde Cow-wheat Taberna- 
montanus hath fet forthvnder the title of Odouti- 
ves : others haue taken it tobea kinde of Exphra- 
fiaor Eyebright, becaufe it doth in fome fort re- 
femblc it, efpecially in his floures, The ftalks of 
this plant are {mall,woody, rough, and {quare. 
The leaucs are indented;about the edges, fharpe 
pointed, and in moft points refembling the for- 
mer Cow-wheat; fothat of neceffitie it muft be 
of the fame kinde, and nota kinde of Eyebrighr, 
as hath beene fer downe by fome. 

q The place. 

Thefe wilde kindes of Cow-wheat doe grow 
commonly ur fertile paftures,and bufhy Copies, 
or low woods, and among bufhes:ipon barren 
heaths and fuch like places. Oita! 

The two firtt doe grow vpon Hampfted heath 
neere London,among the Iuniperbuthes and bil- 
berry bufhes in all the parts of the faid heath, 
and in cuePy'part of England where I haue trauel- 
Jed. 

G Thetime. F 

They floure fromthe beginning of May,to the 
end of Auguft. 

The names. 

x The firft iscalled of Lobelius, Crataogonon : 
and of Tabernamontanus , Milinm Syluatecum or 


"Wood Millet, and 4/fiae fyluatica, or Wood- 


Chickweed. 


2 Thefecond hath the fame titles: in Englith, Wilde Gow-wheat. 
3. The laftis called by Tabernamontanus, Odontites : of Dodonens, Euphrafiaaltera, and Euphrofi- 
ne. Hippocrates called the wilde Cow-wheat, Polycarpum, and Polycritym. 
@ The nature andvertues. 
There is not much fet downe either of the nature or vertues of thefe plants : onely it is repor- 
ted that the feeds do cafe giddineffe and drunkenneffe as Darnell doth. 
The feed of Crateogonon made in fine pouder,and giuen inbroth orotherwife, mightily prouo- 


keth Venerie. 


Some write, that it will likewife caufe women to bring forth male children. 
+ Seethe vertues attributed to Crateogonon by Diofcorides before, Chap.38.B. 


Cuar. 70. 


Of White cA fphodill, 


q The kindes, 


Auing finifhed thekindes of corne, it followeth to fhew vnto you the findry forts of Af{pho- 
dils, whereof fome haute bulbous roots, other tuberous or knobby roots, fome of yellow 
colour,and fome of mixt colours:notwithitanding Diofcorides maketh mention burofone A{pho- 
dill, but Pliny fetteth downe two ; which Dionyfins confirmeth, faying, That there is the male and. 
female Afphodil. The latter age hath obferued many more befides the bulbed one, of which Ga- 


Zen maketh mention. 


x Alphodelys 


List Of the Hiftory of Plants. 93 


I Afphodelus non rame[us, 2 Afphodelws ramofius: 
White Afphodill. Branched A{fphodill. 


q The. defcription. 


Hewhite Afphodil! hath many long and narrow leaues like thofe of leeks, fharpe pointed, 
I The ftalke is round, fmooth, naked, and without leaues, two cubits high, garnifhed froma 

the middle vpward witha number of floures ftarre-fathion, made of fluc leaues apiece, the 
colour white, with fome darke purple ftreakes drawne downe the backe-fide. Within the floures 
becertaine {mall chiues. The floures being paft, there {pring vp little round heads, wherein are 
contained hard, blacke, and 3 {quare feeds like thofe of Buck-wheat or Staucf-acre. The toot is 
compact of many knobby roots growing out of onc head, like thofe of the Peonie, full of juyce, 
witha {mall bitterneffe and binding tafte. 

2 Branched Afphodill agreeth well with the former defcription,{auing that this hath many 

ranches or armes growing out of the ftalke, whercon the floures do grow, and the other hath not 
any branch at all, wherein confifteth the difference. 

3 Afphodill with the reddith floure growcth vp in roots, ftalke, leafe, and manner of growing 
like the precedent, fauing that the floures of this be of a dark red color, & the others white,which 
fetteth forth the difference, if there be any fuch difference, or any fuch plant at all : for I haue con- 
ferred with many moftexcellent men in the knowledge of plants, but none of them can giue mee 
Certaine knowledge ofany fuch, but tell me they haue heard it reported that fucha one there is, 
and fo haue Talfo ; but certainly I cannot fet downe any thing of this plant vatill I heare more 
Sade :foras yet I giuenocredit to my Authour,which for reuerence of his perfon I forbeare 

‘oOname. 

4 The yellow Afphodill hath many roots growing out of one head,made of fundry tough, 
fat, and oleous ycllow fptigs,or groffe ftrings,from the which rife vp many graffy leaues,thick and 
groffe, tending to fquareneffe ; among thewhichcommethvpa ftrong thicke ftalke fet with the 
like leaues euen to the floures, but lefte: vpon the which do grow ftarre-like yellow floures,other- 
wife like the white Afphodill, é 


H3. 3 Afphodelus 


9+ 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. a a 


3 Alphodelus flore rubente. ; “4 Afphodelus lutens. 


Red Afphodill. Yellow Afphodill. 


= 


AZ 
—S 


Cy 
%D 


+5 Befides thefe there is an Afphodill 
which Clufius for the {malneffe calls A/phodelus 
minimus. The roots thereof are knotty and tu- 
berous, refembling thofe of the formerly de- 
fcribed, but leffe : from thefe arife fiueor fixe 
very narrow and long leaues ; in the middeft of 
which prowes vpa ftalk of the height ofa foot, 
round and without branches, bearing at the top 
thereofa fpoke of floures,confifting of fix white 
leaues a piecc,each of which hatha ftreake run- 
ning alongft it, both on the infideand outfide, 
like as the firft deferibed. It floures in the be- 
ginning of Iuly,whenas the reft are paft their 
floures. It lofeth the leaues in Winter,and gets 
new ones againe inthe beginning of Aprill. + 


q Thetime andplace. 

They floure in May and Iune, beginning be- 
low, and fo flouring vpward : and they grow na- 
turallyin France, Italy , Spaine,and moft of 
them inour London Gardens. 

The names. 

Afphodill is called in Latine, djphodelus, Al- 
bucum, albucus, and Hastula Regia in Grecke, 
éegdvor: in Englith, A {phodill,not Daffodil , for 
Daffodill is Narciffus , another plant differing 
from Afphodill. Pliny writeth, ‘That the ftalke 
with the floures is called Aathericos ; and the 
root, that is to fay,the bulbs Afphodelus. A 


+ 


—— 


- ° We tk re 
iftorie of Plants. 95 


Lreit Of the 


Of this A {phodill Hefod maketh mention in his Works where he faith, thar fooles kniew not 
how much good there is in the Mallow and ih the Afphodul, beeaufe the roots of Afphodill are 
good tobecaten, Yet Galen doth not beleeue that he meant ofthis A fphodill, but of that bulbed 
one, whereofwe will make niention hereafter. And he him(elfe teftifieth, that the bulbes thereof 
are not tobe eaten without very long feething ; and therefore it is not like that Refiod hath com- 
mended any fuch : for he feemeth to vnderftand by the Mallow and the Afphodil; fuchkinde of 
food as is eafily prepared,and foone made ready. 
@ The nature. : 
Thefekindes of Afphodils be hotand dry almoft inthe third degree, 
The vertues, 

After the opinion of Dioftorides and Actins, the roots of Afphodill eaten,prouoke vrine and the & 
termes effeQually, efpecially being ftamped and ftrained withwine,and drunke, 

One dtam thereof taken in wine in mamnet before rehearfed, hel peth the paine in the fides,tup- B 
tures, convulfions, and the old cough. 

The roots boiled in dregs of wine cure foule eating vicers, all indamimations of the dugges or G 
ftones, and eafeth the felon,being put therctoas a pulteffe. ¥ 

The iuyce of the root boyled inold fiweet Wine, together with a little myrrh and faffron, ma- Dy 
keth an excellent Collyrie profitable for the eyes. 

Galen faith, the roots burnt to afhes,and mixed with the gteafe ofa ducke,helpeth the Alopecia, B 
and bringeth haire againe that was fallen by that difeafe. 

The weight ofa dram thereof taken with wine helpeth the drawing together of finews,cramps, E 
and burftings, 

The like quantitie taken in broth prouoketh vomit,and helpeth thofe that are bitten with any G 
venomous beafts. 

The iuyce of the root cleanfeth and taketh away the white morphew, if the face be annointed Hi 
therewith ; bur firftthe place muft be chafed and wel rubbed witha courfe linnencloath, aie 


apes a ee BENGE RR EN eve SEC cae amass? eee > Oa 
Cuar.g1. Of the Kings Speare. 


1 Aphodelus luteus minor, The Kings $ peares == Aphodelys Lancaftrie Lancafhire Afphodil3 
; /\ } £7 Ta Bho Owe, =< 


Vortec. 9 oS sepagpae’ 
ty! 


al 


wd 


Y 


i 
Ln 


Seer Re 


Ss iS 
96 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. busin 


$ 3 Afphodelus Lancaftrie verus. @| The defiriprion. 
The true Lancafhire Afphodil. 


ay fetacw Cproritins # Sd 


I "He leaues of the Kings Speare are long, 
4 ey natrow, and chamfered or furrowed, of a 
} iw de Reh, blewifh greene colour, The ftalk is round, 
OWMhenceune cobyoulalialy Ef Lime of a cubit high. The floures which grow thereon 
wi W x from the middle to the top are very many, in fhape like 
Qe to the floures of the other ; which being paft, rhere 
I come in place thereof little round heads or feed-y effels, 
wherein the feed is contained. The roots in like man- 
ner are very many, long, and flender, fmaller than thofe 
of the other yellow fort. Vpon the fides whereof grow 
forth certaine ftrings, by which the plant it felfe is ca- 
fily encreafed and multiplied. 

2 There is found in thefe dayesa certaine waterie 
ormarifh Afphodill like vnto this laft deferibed, in 
ftalke and floures, without any difference at all. It brin- 
geth forth leaues of a beautifull greene fomwhat cham- 
fered, like to thofe of the Floure de-luce, or corne-flag, 
but narrower, not fulla fpan long. The ftalke is ftrait, 
a foot high, whereupon grow the floures, confifting of 
fixe {mall leaues:in the middle whereof come forth 
fmall yellow chiues‘or threds. The feed is very final], 
contained in long fharpe pointed cods. The root is 
long, ioynted, and creepethas graffe doth, with many 
{mall ftrings. 

+3  Befides the laft defcribed(which our Author I 
feare miftaking, termed C4 (phodelus Lancaftrie) there is 
another water Afphodill,which growes in many rotten 
moorith grounds in this kingdome, and in Lancafhire 
is vfed by women to die their haire of a yellowifh co~ 
lour, and therefore by them it is termed Maiden-haire, 
ifwemay beleeue Zobell.) This plant hath leaues of 
fome two inches and an halfe, or three inches long, being fomewhat broad at the bottome, and fo 
{harper towards their ends. The ftalke feldome attaines to the height of afoot, and itis fmooth 
without any leaues thereon ; the top thereof is adorned with pretty yellow ftar-like floures,wher- 
to fucceed longith little cods, vfually three, yet fometimes foure or fiue fquare, and in thefe there 
is contained a finall red feed. ‘The root confifts onely ofa few {mall firings. + 

q] The place. 

rt The fmall yellow A fphodill groweth not of it felfe wilde in thefe parts , notwithftanding 
we haue great plenty thereof in our London gardens. 

2 The Lancafhire A fphodill growethin moift and marith places neere vnto the Towne of 
Lancafter, in the moorith grounds there, as alfo neere vnto Maudfley and Martom, two Villages 
not farre from thence ; where it was found bya Worfhipfull and learned Gentleman, a diligent 
fearcher of fimples, and feruent louer of plants, M. Thomas Hesket, who brought the plants there- 
of ynto me forthe encreafe of my garden. 

Treceiued fome plants thereof likewife from Mater Thomas Edwards, Apothecarie in Excefter, 
learned and skilful in his profeffion, as alfo in the knowledge of plants.He found this Afphodill 
at the foot ofa hill in the Wet part of England, called Bag thot hill,neerevnto a village of the 
fame name. 

$ This A fphodill figured and deferibed out of Dodonexs, and called Ajphodelus Lancaftrie by 
our Author, growes inan heath fome two miles from Bruges in Flanders, and divers other places 
of the Low-countries , but whether it grow in Lancafhire or no, I can fay nothing of certaintic: 
but Lam certaine, that which I haue defcribed in the third place growes in many places of the 
Weft of England ; and this yeare 1632, my kinde friend M. George Bowles {ent mee fome plants 
thereof, which I keepe yet growing. Lobel/alfoafirmes this to be the Lancafhire Afphodill. 


¥ 


Thetime. : 
They floure in May and Tune: moft of the leaues thereof remaine greene inthe Wiinter,if it be 
not extreme cold, 
Thenames. 


Some ofthe later Herbarifts thinke this yellow Afphodill to be Zphyor of Theophraftus , ye 
others 


~ Sead Of the Hittorie of Plants. 97 


others iudge it tobe Erixambac of the Arabians. In Latinc it is called Ajphodelus lutens : of fome 
itis called Hafluta Regia. \Vehaue Englithed it, the Speare for a King, or {mall yellow Afpho- 
ill. 

; 2 The Lancafhire Afphodill is calledinBatine, A/phodelus Lancaftrie ; and may likewife be 
called Apphodelus paluftris, or P{endoalp hodelis lures, or the Baftard yellow Afphodill, 

£3 Thisis Aphodelus minimus luteus paluftris Scoticus & Lancaftrienfis, of Lobel , and the Pféz- 
doafphodelus pumilio folys Iridis, of Cinfius,as farte a8 Ecan iudge ; although Baxhine diftinguitheth 
them. ¢ 


@| Thetemperature and verties. If 
It is not yet found out what vie there is of any of them ih nourifhment or medicines, } 


Cuar.72. Of Onion eA phodill, 


Afphodelus Bulbofis. q The defcription, 
Onion Afphodill. { 
Bbriirtos alan oy rent Ancluwe He bulbed Afphodill hath a round bulbus 
( or Onion root, with fome fibres hanging 
thereat ; from the which come vp many graf. 
fic leaues, very well refembling the Lecke ; among 
the which leaues there rifeth vpanaked or finooth 
fiem,garnifhed toward the top with many ftar-like 
floures, of awhitith greene on the infide, and whol- 
ly greene without, confifting of fix little leaues 
fharpe pointed, with certainechiues or threads in 
themiddle, After the floure is paft there fuccce- 
detha {mall knop or head three failhre. wherein li- 
eth the feed, 
@ The place. 

It groweth in the gardens of Herbarifts in Lon- 
don, and not elfewhere that I know of, for it is not 
very common, 

: Gq The time. 

It foureth in Iune ahd July,and fomewhat after, 

| The names. 

The ftalke and floures being like to thofe ofthe 
A{phodill before mentioned, do fhew it to be 4- 
[phodel: pecics, ora kinde of Afphodill ; for which 
caufealfo it feemeth tobe that Afphodil of which 
Galen hath made mention in his fecondbook of the 
Faculties of nourifhments, in thefe words ; The 
root of Afphodill is in amanner like tothe root of 
Squill, or Sea Onion, aswell in fhape as bitternes, 
Notwithftanding faith Galen, my felfe haue known 
certaine countrymen, who in time of famine could 
not with many boilings and fteepings makeit fic to 
beaten. Itis called of Dodoxens, Ajphodelus Femi. 
va, and Aphodelus Bulbofus, Hyacintho- Afphodelus , and Afphodelus Hyacinthinus by Lobell y and thar 
rightly ; for that the root is like the Hyacinth,and the flouresilike the Afphodill: and theteforeas 
it doth participate of both kindes, folikewife doth the name: in Englith we may call ic Bulbed 
Afphodill. Clufius calls it Ornithog alum majus,and that fitly. 

@ The nature. 

The round rooted Afphodil, according to Galen, hath the fame temperature and vertue that 
Aron, Arifarum, and Dracontium haue, namely an abfterfiue and clean fing qualitie, 

@ The wertues. ; 

The yong fprouts or fprings thereof is a fingular medicineagainft the yellow Iaundife,forthat A 
the root is of power to make thin and open. 

Galen faith, that the athes of this Bulbemixed with oileor hens gteaecureththefalling ofthe p 
haire inan Alopecia or fealld head, i ; : 


Chap; 


a 
8 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.1. 


Cuar.73. Of ‘Yellow Lillies. 
@ The kindes. 
will in this chapter entreat onely of another kinde not bulbed, which likewife is of two 


forts, differing principally in their roots ; for in floures they are Lillies, but in roots Afpho- 
dils, participating as itwere of both, though neerer approching vnto Afphodils than Lillies, 


B vite we fhall haue occafion hereafter to {peake of certaine Cloued or Bulbed Lillies, wee 


1 Lilium non bulbofum, 2 Lilium nonbulbofium Phaniceum. 


The yellow Lillie. The Day-Lillic. 


| 


Y, 
V/ 
y 
i 
My 
Hy 


a The defiription. 


i He yellow Lillie hath very long flaggie leaues, chamfered or cHannelled , hollow in 
themiddeft like a gutter , among the which rifeth vp a naked or bare ftalke, two cu- 
bits high, branched toward the top, with fundry brittle armes or branches, whereon 

do gtow many goodly floures like vnto thofe of the common white Lillie in fhape and propotti- 
on, ofa fhining yellow colour ; which being paft, there facceed. three cornered huskes or cods, 
fullofblacke fhining feeds like thofe ofthe Peonic. The root confifteth ofmany knobs or tube- 
rous clogs, proceeding from one head, like thofe of the white A fphodill or Peonie. 

2 The Day-Lillie hath ftalkes and leaues like the former. The floures be like the white Lil- 
lic in fhape, ofan Orenge tawny colour : of which floures much might be faidwhichlomit. But 
in briefe, this plant bringeth forth in the morning his b 


abroad, and the fame day in the cuening it {huts it felfe, 
tenand ftinking as if it had beene trodden inadunghill a moneth together, in foule and rainie 
weather :which is the caufe that the feed feldome followes, as in the other of his kinde, not brin- 
ging forth any atall that I could ener obferue , according tothe old prouerbe, Soone ripe, foone 


yotten. His rootsare like the former. 
‘ q The 


ud, which at noone is full blowne,or {pred 
and ina fhort time after becomesas rot- 


Lisa Of the Hittorie of Plants. 99 


q The place. 

Thefe Lillies do grow in my garden, as alfo inthe gardens of Herbarifts,and louers of fineand 

rare plants ; but not wilde in England, as inother countries. 
The time. 

Thefe Lillies do floure {omewhat before the other Lilli¢s,and the yellow Lillie thefoonett 

| Thesumes, ; 

Diuers do call this kinde of Lillie, Liliafp hodelus,Liliago,and alfo Liliaftrum,but mott common- 
ly Lilium non bylbofum : In Englith, Liriconfancic, and yellow Lillie. The cld Herbarifts name 
it Hemerocallis « for they haue twokindes of Hemerocallis the one a fhrub orwoody plant, as wit- 
nefleth 7 heophraffus, in his fixth booke of the hiftorie of Plants. Pliny fetveth dowse the fame 
fhrub among; thofé plants, the Ieaues whereof onely do ferue for garlands, 

The other Hemerocallis which they fet downe, is a Floure which perifheth atniohtand buddeth 
at the Sunnerifing, according to Athi meus ; and therefore it is fitly called serene; that is,Faire or 
beautifull fora day : and fo we in Englith may rightly terme it the Day-Lillie,or Lillie fora day, 

i @| The nature, ; 

The nature is rather referred to the Afphodils than to Lillies, 

@ The vertues, 

Diofcorides faith, That the root ftamped with honey, and a mother peflarie made thereof with A 
wooll, and put vp, bringeth forth water and bloud, 

The leaues ftamped and applied do allay hot fivellings in the dugges, after womens trauell in B 
childe-bearing, and likewife taketh away the inflammation of the eyes. 

The roots and the leaues be laid with good fucceffe vpon burnings and {caldings, Cc 


Cuar. 73. Of Bulbed Floure de-Luce. 


$ 1 Irs Bulbofa Latifolia, 2 Iris Bulbofa Angelica. 
Broad leaued Bulbous Floure de-luce; Onion Floure de-Luce} 
ug Krbmor 4 


ae i SEES es en Ee la 
100 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lae 


gq The kindes. 


Tke as we haue fet downe fundry forts of Floure de-luces, with flagg'y leaues, and tuberous or 

knobby roots, varying very notably in fundry refpeéts, which we haue diftinguifhed in their 
y ) Varying very ly pe? Se tee 

proper Chapters : it refteth that in like manner we fet forth vnto your view certaine bulbous 


or Onion-rooted Floure de-luces, which in this place do offer themfelues vnto our confideration, 
whereof there be alfo fundry forts, forted intoone chapter as followeth. 


£ 4 Iris Bulbofaverficolor Polyclonos. 
Many branched changeable Floure 
de-luce. 


Iris Bulbofa flore varie. 
Changeable Floure de-luce. 


@ The defcription. 
$1 He firft of thefe, whofe figure here we giue you vnder thename of Iris Bulbofa Latifo- 
lia, hath Ieaues fomewhat like thofeof the Day-Lillie, foft, and fomewhat palifh 
gseene,with the vnder fides fomewhat whiter , amongft which there rifeth vpa ftalk 
bearing at the top thereofa Floure a little in thape different from the formerly defcribed Floure 
de-luces. The colour thereof is blew , thenumber of the leaues whereof it confifts , nine : three 
of thefeare little, and come out at the bottome of the Floureas foone as it is opened ; three more 
are large,and being narrow attheir bottome,become broader by little and little, vatill they come 
to turne downwards, whereas then they are fhapen fomewhat roundifh or obtufe. In the middeft 
of thefe there runnes vp a yellow variegated line to the place whereas they bend backe, The three 
other leaues are arched like as in other Floures of this kinde, and diuided at their vpper end, and 
containe in them three threads ofa whitifh blew colour. 
This is called 1ris Bulbofa Latifolia, by Clufius , and Hyacinthus Poetarwm Latifolins, by Lobell. 
Itfloures in Ianuaric and Februarie, whereas it growes naturally, as it doth in diuers places of 
Portugall and Spaine. Teis a tender plant, and feldome thriues well in our gardens. + 
2 Onion Floure de-luce hath long narrow blades or leaues; crefted, chamfered,or ftreaked on 
the backe fideas itwere welted ; below fomewhat round, opening it {elfe roward’the top, yet re- 
maining as it wetc halfe round, whereby it refembleth an hollow trough or gutter. In the bot- 
tomeof the hollowneffe it tendeth to whiteneffe ; and among thefe leaues do rife vp a ftalke ofa 
cubit high , at the topwhereof groweth a faire blew Floure, not differing in fhape from the com- 
mon 


. 


<a ‘ - 5 Ae eats 

Lis. t Of the Hiftory of Plants. 101 
mon Floure de-luce: the which being paft, there come in the place thereof long thicke cods or 
{eed-veflels, wherein is contained yellowith feed of the bigneffeof a tare or fitch. The root is 
round likean Onion, couerediouer with certaine browne skinnes or filmes, Of this kind there are 
fome fiue or fix varieties, caufed by the various colours of the Floures, 


i § Tris Bulbofa Flore luteo cum flore d» femine. 
Po 1 9 -¥ellow bulbed Floure de-luce in floure and feed, 


3 Changeable Floute de-luce hath leaues, ftalkes, and Roots like the former, but leffer, The 
Floure hath likewife the forme of the Floure de-luce, that is to fay, it confifteth of fixe greater 
{eaues, and three leffer ; the greater leaues fold backward and hang downward, the leffer ftand vp+- 
tight; and in the middle of the leaues there rifeth vpa yellow welt, white about the brimmes,and 
fhadowed all ouer with a wath of thinne blew tending toa Watchet colour. Toward the ftalke 
they are ftripped ouer witha light purple colour,and likewife among ft the hollow places of thofe 
that fland vpright(which cannot be expreffed in the figure) there is the fame faire purple colour ; 
the fmel! and fauour very fweet and pleafant. The root is Onion fafhion , or bulbous like the 
other, 

$4 There is alfo another variegated Floure de-luce, much like this laft defcribed, in the co- 
lour of the Floure ; but each plant produceth more branches and Floures, whence it is termed Iris 
Bulbofaver(icolor polyclonos, Many-branched changeable Floure dé-luce. + 

5 Ofwhich kinde or fort there is another in my Garden, which I receiued from my Brother 
Lames Garret Apothecarie, far more beautifull than the laft defcribed ; the which is dafhtouer, in 
ftead of theblew or watchet colour, with a mot pleafant gold yellow colour, of fmell exceeding 
feet, with bulbed roots like thofe of the other fort. 

6 _Itis reported,that there is in the gatdenof the Prince Eleaor the Lantgraue of Heffen,one 
ofthis fort orkinde, with white Floures, the which as yet I haue not fcene, 

+ Befides thefe forts mentioned by out Author, there are of the narrow leaued bulbous Floure 
de-luces, fome twenty foure or more varieties, which in fhape of roots, leaues, and Floures differ 
very little, oralmoft nothing atall; fo thar bewhich knows one of thefe may prefently know the 
teft. Wherefore becaufe it isa thing no mote pertinent toa generall hiftorie of Plants, ro infift 
vpon thefe accidental] nicities, than for him that writes ahiftorie of Beafts to deferibe all the 
colours, and their mixtures, in Horfes, Dogs, and the like ; I refer fuch as aredefirous to inforine 


than 
then: 


102 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. bow 


a ae amma a aR Ba ites aa ee 
themfelues of thofe varieties,to fuchas haue onely and purpofely treated of Floures and their di- 
uerfities, as De-Bry, Swerts, and our Countreyman M. Parkinfon, who in his Paradifus terreftris, fet 
forth in Englith, daao 1629. hath iudicioutly and exa@ly comprehended all that hath beene de- 
liuered by others in this nature. = 


— 


“£ 6 Iris Bulbofa flore cinereo. £ 9 Tris Bulbofa flore albido. ~ 
Afh-coloured Floure de-luce, Whitith Floure defute. 


qj Theplace. 
The fecond of thefe bulbed Flourede-luces growes wilde, or of it felfe, inthe corne fields of 
the Welt parts of England, as about Bathe and W clls, and thofe places adiacent ; from whence 
they were firftbrought into London,where they be naturalifed,and encreafe in great plenty in our 
London gardens. 

The other forts do grow naturally in Spaine and Italy wilde, from whence we hauehad Plants 

for our London gardens, whereof they do greatly abound. 
Thetime. 

They floure in lune and Iuly, and feldome after. 

. gq The names. 

The Bulbed Floure de-luce is called of Lobeline, Iris Bulbofa,and alfo Hyacinthus flore Irides : of 
fome, Hyacinthus Poctarum , and peraduenture it is the fame that Apuleins mentioneth in the one 
and twentieth Chapter, faying, That iris, named among the old Writers Hieris, may alfo be cal- 
led, and not vnproperly, Hrerobulbus, or Hieribulbus :as though you fhould fay, rés Bulbofa, or Bul- 
bed Ircos ; vnleffe you would haue retuntee, called a greater or larger Bulbe: for itis certaine, that 
great and huge things were called of the Antients , tex, or Sacra: in Englifh,Holy. 

q q The wature. 
The nature of the Bulbed Floure de-luces are referred tothe kindes of A fphodils. 
* qq The vertues. 
Take, faith Apuleius, of the herbe Hierobulbus {ix 3. Goats fuetas much, Oile of Alcanna one 
A pound, mix themtogether,being firft ftamped ina ftone morter, it taketh away the paine of the 
Gout. 

Moreouer, ifawoman do ve to wath her facewith the decoGion of thé roct , mixed with the 
3. meale of Lupines,it forthwith cleanfeth away the freckles & morphew,and fuch like delepamsics: 
ea ' Chap. 


Lis. t Of the Hiftory of Plants, 103 


Cuar. 75, 


& Sifjnrichinm Whi Hs. 
Spanish Nut, 


Of Spanifh Newt. 


$ 2 Sifjnrichinm minus. 
Small Spanith Nut, 


Jars FG ee 


q The defcription. 


I Panifh Nut hath fmall graffie leaues 
like thofe of the Starres of Bethlem, 

Or Oraithogalum ; among which rifeth 

vp afmall ftalke ofhalfea foot high 5 garnifhed 
with the like leaues, but fhorter. The Floures 
grow at the top, of askie colour, in fhape refem- 
bling the Floure de-luce, or common Iris; but 
the leaues that turne downe are each of them 
marked witha yellowith {pot : they fade peas 
ly, and being paft, there fucceed final] cods with 
feeds as fmallas thofe of Turneps, The root is 
round, compofed of two bulbes, the one lying 
vpon the otheras thofe of the Corne flag vfually 
do ; and they are couered witha skinne or filme 
in fhapelikea Net. The Bulbe is feet in tafte, 
and may be eaten before any other bulbed Root. 

2 Thereis fet forth another of this kinde, 
fomewhat leffer,with Floures that {mell fiveerer 
than the former. 

3 Veluet Floure de-luce hath many long 
{quare leaues, fpongeous or full of pith, trailing 
vpon the ground, in fhape like to the leaues of 
Rufhes :among which rifeth vp a ftalke of ¥ foot 

I2 ; igh, 


(ee 


re eenmnum em me ate a aa a a eee la  l 
104. Of the Hiftorie ‘of: Plaiits. Liz... 


— 


high, bearing at the top a Floure like the Floure de-luce, The lower leaves that turne downward 
are ofa perfect blacke colour, foft and {mootlvasys blacke Veluet,; thé blackneffe is welted about 
with greenifh yellow , or aswee terme it a Goole-turd greene, ofwhich colour the vppermoft 
leaues do confit : which being paft, there followeth a great knob or crefted feed veflell of the big- 
neffe ofa nians thumbe, wherein is contained round white feed as bigge'as the Fetch or tate. The 
root confifteth ofmany knobby bunches like fingers. : 

q The place. 

Thefe baftard kindes of Floure de-luces are ftrangers in England, except it beamong fome few 
diligent Herbarifts in London, who hatte them in their gardens,where they increafe exceedingly, 
efpecially the laft deferibed , which is faid to grow wilde about Conftantinople, Morea, and 
Greece : from whence it hath beene ttanfported into Italy, where it hath beene taken for Hermo- 
dattylus, and by fomeexpreft or fet forth in writing vnder the title Hermodactylus;whereas in truth 
it hath no femblance at all with Hermodactylus, 

@| The time. 
Thewilde or Baftard Flourede-luces do floure from May to the end of Tune, 
@ The names. : 

z 2 Thefe bulbedbaftard Floure de-luces,which we haue Englifhed Spanifh Nuts, are cal- 
fed in Spaine, NoXelhas that is, little Nuts : the leffer fort Parwa Nozelha, and Atacuca- wee take 
it tobe that kinde ofnourifhing Bulbe which is named in Grecke, amet: of Pliny, Sifynrichinm. 

+3  Some,asVy/fes ldroandus, would haue this to be Louchitis Prior, of Diofcor, atatthiolws 
makes it Hermodactylus verus, or the true Hermodaétill : Dodonaws and Lobel more fitly refer it to 
the Floure de-luces, and call it Irsstubcrofa. $ 

@ The nature and vertues. 

Ofthefe kindes of Floure de-luces there hath beene little or nothing atall left inwriting con- 
cerning their natures or vertues ; only the Spanifh nut iseaten atthe tables ofrich and delicious, 
nay vitious perfons, in fallads or otherwife, to procure luft and lecherie. 


Cn ees 


Cuar. 76. Of (Corne-Flagge. 


4 Gladsolus Narbonen|is. 2 Gladiolus Italicus, 
French Corne-Flag, or Sword-Flag. Italian Corne-Flag,or Sword-Flag, 


£ 4 Gladiolus Lacuftris. q] The deftription. 
Sword-Flag. 
Qld ES inosine oe z ench Corne-Flagee hath {mall fife 


Ieaues, ribbed or chamfered with long 

nerues or finewes runping through the 
fame, in fhape like thofe of the fmall Floure de- 
luce, or the blade of a ford, fharpe pointed, ofan 
ouer-wome greene colourjamong the whichrifeth 
vp a itiffe brittle ftalke twocubits high,whereup- 
on doe grow in comely order many faire purple 
Floures, gaping like thofé of Snapdragon, or not 
much differing from the Fox-G loue,¢alled iti La- 
tine Digitalis. After them come round knidbbie 
feed-veffels, full of chaffie feed , very light) ofia 
browne teddith colour,’ The root confifteth of 
two Bulbes;one fet vpon the other; the vppermokt 
whereofin'the beginning of the Spring is leet, 
and more ful of juice ; the lower greater,but more 
loofeandlithie, which. a little while:after peri- 
fheth. 

2. Italian Corn-Flag hath long narrow leaues 
with many ribbes or nerues running through the 
fame: the ttalke is ftiffeand brittlewhereupon do 
grow Floures orderly placed vpon one fide of the 
ftalke, whereas the precedenthath his floures pla- 
ced on both the fides of the flalke,in fhapeand co- 
Jour like the former, as arealfotheroots, but fel. 
dome feene one aboue another, as in the former, 

3. There isa third fort. of Cotne-Flag which 
agreeth with the lait defcribed in euerie point, fa- 
uing thatthe Floures of this are of a pale colour, 
as it were betweene whitc,and that which we call 
Maidens Bluth. . 

£ 4 This Water Sword-Flag, defcribed by Clufivs in his Cur.Poft. hath leaves abouta fpan 
long, thicke and hollow, with a paitition in their middles, like aswee fee in the cods of Stocke- 
Gillouers,and the like : their colour ispreenc, and tafte {weet, fo that they are an acceptable food 
tothewilde Ducks ducking downe to the bottome of the water ; for they fometimes lie fome 
ells vnder water :which notwithftanding is ouer-topt by the ftalke, which fprings vp from among 
thefe Ieaues, and beares Bloures ofcolour white, larger than thofe of Stock-Gillovers, but in thar 
hollow part that is next the ftalke they are ofa blewith colour, almoft in thape refembling the 
Floures of the Corne-Flag, yet nor abfolutely likethem. They confitoffiue leaues, whereof the 
two vppermoft are reflected towards the ftalke ; the three other being- broader hang downewards, 
a the floures there follow round pointed veffels filled withred feed, It floures at the end of 

uly. 

Itwas found in fome places of Weft-Frifeland, by Zohn Dortmana leatned Apothecary of Gro- 
ningen. It growes in waters which haue pure grauell at the bottome,\ and that bring’ foruh no 
plantbefides. \ 

Clufius, and Dortmar who fent it him,call it Gladiolus Lacuftris, or Stagnalis, 


q The place. 

Thefe kindes of Cotne-Flags grow in medowes, and in earable grounds among corne, in many 
places of Italy, asalfo in the parts of France bordering thereunto, Neither are the fields of Au- 
ftria and Morauia without them, as Cordus writeth. We haue great plenty ofthem in our Londoa 
Gardens, efpecially for the garnifhing and decking them vpwith their feemly Floures, 

; G The time, 

They floure from May to the end of Tuly. 

G) The ngmes. 

Come-Flag is called in Greeke tigi: im RAG GL atolves ; and offome, Eafis : of others, eteaar 

and, GLidiobyes Segetahs.rhdophinalinsiwdnis di foontte of Phu ganws makedhliv the famblwith sishigh, 
SF glerins Cordis calleth GornetBlagriiarials frwnina Lothens|7ifonalistotinds cin the Garmage 


13 A 1¢ 


aco ste npn eaaeclinaaatt 
106 ; Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liew. 


Tongue, Eyeigvourts s yet we muft makea difference betweene Gladiolus and Vidtorialis longa ; for 
that is a kinde of Garlicke found vpon thehigheft Alpith mountaines,which is likewife called 
ofthe Germanes Setgtourts, The Floures of Corne-Flag are called of the Italians, Monacuccio « 
in Englifh, Corne-Flag, Corne-Sedge, Sword-Flag, Corne Gladin : in French, Glass, 
© The nature. 
The root of Corne-Flag,as Galen faith, is of force to draw, wafte, or confume away, and dry, as 
alfo of a fubtill and digefting qualitie. 


q The vertues. 
The root ftamped with the pouder of Frankincenfeand wine, and applied,draweth forth fplin- 
ters and thornes that fticke faft in the flefh. 
B _ Being ftamped with the meale of Darnell and honied water, doth wafte and make fubtill hard 
lumps, nodes, and fwvellings, being emplaiftred, 
Cc Someaffirme, that the vppet root prouoketh bodily luft, and the lower caufeth barrenneffe. 
Dp Thevpper root drunke in water is profitable againft that kinde of burfting in children called 
Enterocele. 
The root of Corne-Flag ftamped with hogs greafe and wheaten meale,hath been found by late 
Pradtitioners in phyficke and Surgerie, tobe a certaine and approued remedie againft the Struma 
* Scrophute,and fuch like fwellings in the throat, 
FE The codswith the {eed dried and beaten into pouder,and drunk in Goats milke or Affes milke, 
prefently taketh away the paine of the Collicke. 


ED 


Cuar. 773 Of Starry Hyacinths and their kindes. 


3 Hyacinthus ‘fellatus Fuchfij. $2 Hyacinthus ftellaris albicans . 
Starry Iacinth, : The white floured ftarry Iacinth; 
Scltoe Ciponoo— 7 WML \\ 5 


@ Thekindes. 
Here be likewife bulbous or Onion rooted plants that do orderly fueceed, whereof fome aré 
s& tobe eaten, as Onions, Garlicke, Leekes, and Ciues ;hotwithfanding Tam firft to abe 


Lis. t OF the Hidarie ofblanes , 107 


—— 


of thofe bulbed roots, whofe faire and beautifull Floures are receiued for theit grace and orna. 
ment in gardens and garlands : the firft are the Hyacinths, whereof there is found at this day di. 
uers forts, differing very notably in many points,as fhall be declared in their feueral defcriptions, 


$3 Ayacinthus ftellatus bifolins. 
Two-leaued ftarry Iacinth. 


ZT 


RE 


ile 


$6 Hyaclithus ftellapis By antigay’ 
The ftarry Tacinth of Gonftantinop|é] 


708 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.t 


a] The defiription. 


I He firft kinde of lacinth hath three very fat thicke browne leaues, hollow likea little 
trough, very brittle, ofthe length ofa finger :among which fhoot vp fat, thick brow- 
nifh ftalkes, foft and very tender, and full of juyce , whereupon do grow many {mall 

blew Floures confifting of fix little leaues {pred abroad like a ftarre. The feed is contained in 
fall round bullets, which are fo ponderous or heauy that they lie trailing vpon the ground. The 
root is bulbous ot Onion fafhion, couered with brownith feales or filmes. 

2 There isalfo awhite floured one of this kinde. 

There is found anorher of this kinde which feldome or neuer hath more than two leaues, 
The rootsare bulbed like the other. The Floures be whitifh, ftarre-fafhion,tending to blewnefle, 
which I receiued of Robinus of Paris. 


$ 8 Ayacinthus flellaris Someri. + 9 Hyacinthys fellatus eftivus major. 
Somers {tarry lacinth. The greater ftarry Summer Iacinth. 


This kinde of Hyacinth hath many broad leaues fpread vpon the ground, like vnto thofe 
of Garden Lilly, but fhorter, The ftalkes dorife out of the middeft thereof bare, naked, and very 
fmooth, an handfull high ; at the top whereof do grow fmall blew floures ftarre-fafhion, very like 
vnto the precedent. The root is thicke and full of juyce, compac& of many {caly cloues of a-yel- 
low colour. 

+ Thereare fome tenne or eleuen varieties of ftarry Iacinths, befides thefe two mentioned by 

ous Authour, They differ each from other either in the time of fouring (fome of them flouring 

- in the Spring, other fome in Sommer) in their bigneffe, or the colours of their floures. The leaues 
of moft of them are much like to our ordinarie Tacinth, or Hare-bels, and lie fpread vpon the 

ground. Their Aoures in thape refemble the laft defcribed, but are vfually more in number, and 

fomewhat larger. The colour of moft of them are blew or purple, one of chem excepted, whichis 

ofan Ath colour, and is knowne by the name of Somers his Iacinth. I thinke it not amiffe to giue 

you their vfuall names, together with fome of their figures ; for {o you may eafily impofe them 
truly vpon the things themfelues whenfocuer you fhall fee them. 


Lis. t. 


Obahel Bulkatisiof Planes, 


109 


5H ‘yacint hus ftellaris ByXantinus nigraradice,flore 
caruleo. 


The blew ftarry Iacinth of Conftantinople, 
with the blacke root. 

6 Hyacinthus ftellatus ByRantinus major flore caru- 
leo. 

The greater blew ftarry Tacinth of Conftanti- 


le, 
7 Feyacinshot ‘ftellatus Bysantinus alter flore boragi~ 
2 


The other blew ftarry Iacinth of Conftantino- © 


nople, with Floures fomewhat refembling 
Borage. 

8 Hyacinthus flellaris aftivus, fine exoticus Someri 
lore cinereo, 

Ath coloured ftarry Iacinth,or Somers Yacinth. 


9 Hyaciathns frellatus a oftivus Major. 

The greater {tarry Sommer Iacinth, 
to Hyacinthus fellatus aftivus minor, 

The leffer tarry Summer Iacinth, 

11 Hyacinthus ftellaris Poreti flore caruleo fregs 
parpurers, 

Porets {tarry lacinth with blew Floutes, hauing 
purple ftreakes along ft their middles. 

I *, Ayacinthus Hifpanious ftellaris florefature cars. 

C0, 

The Spanifh ftarry Iacinth with deepe blew 
floures. 

13 There is another ftarry Iacinth more 
large and beautifull than any of thefe before 
mentioned. The leaues are broad and nor very 
long, fpread vpon the ground, and inthe midit 
of them there rifeth vpa ftalkewhich at the top 


beareth a great fpoke of faire ftarry floures, which firft begin to open themfelues below, and fo 
fhew themfelues by little and little tothe top of the ftalke. The vfuall fort hereofhath blew or 
purplefloures. There isalfoa fort hereofwhich hath fléfh-coloured floures, and another with 
white Floures : This is called Hyacinthus (tellatus Perwanus, The {tarry Iacinth of Peru, 


10 Ayacinthus fellatus aftavus minor. 
The leffer tarry Summet Iacinth, 


So 
Prep pgr ie: 
ZEEE 


Zz 


ys 


13 Hyacinthus Pernanus, 
Hyacinth of Peru,» 


Sestlay Aw At (Dear 


Thofe who are ftudious in varieties of Floures, and require larger defcriptions of thefe ; may 


Hae recourfe tothe Workes Of thé leatined Caroliss 
Englith,wheretheymay havefull Gtis&@ion,’¢ 

32 MBO YOSrn O35 ! °° Theplace. 
The threefirft mentioned Plahts grow in many'places 6 


iW G0) 90) Oo 


f 
x 


Clufins in Latine,ortoM, Parkinfons WV orke in 


f Germany in woods and mountaines, 


as Fachfius and Gefner do tettifie : In Bohemia al{o vpon diuers bankes that are fulliof Herbes. In 


England 


110 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis... 


England we cherifh moft of thefe mentioned in this place, in our gardens, onely for the beauty of 
their floures. 


The time. 

The three firft begin to floure in the midft of Januarie,and bring forth their feed in May. The 
other floures in the Spring. 
q The names. 

1 The firft of thefe Hyacinths is called Hyacinthus ftellatus,or Stellaris Fuchfij,of the ftarre-like 
Floures : Narciffus carulens Bocki : of {ome, F los M artins frellatus. 

3. This by Zobellis thought to be Hyacinthus Bifolins, of T. heophraftus : Tragus calls it Narciffus 
ceruleus and Fuchins, Hyacinthus cerulens minor mas. “Vee may callit in Englifh, The {mall ae 
leaued ftarrie Iacinth. a o 

4 The Lilly Hyacinth is called Hyacinthus Germanicus Liliflorus, or Germane Hyacinth,taken 
from the countrey where it naturally groweth wilde. 

£ @ The vertues. 

+ The faculties of the ftarry Hyacinths are not written of by any.But the Lilly leaued Iacinth, 
(which growes naturally in a hill in Aquitaine called Hos,where the Herdmen call it Sarahag) is 
faid by them to caufe the heads of furch cattell as feed thereon to fell exceedingly, and then kils 
them : which fhewes it hath a maligne and poyfonous qualitic, cluf. $ ; 


Cuarv. 78. Of eAutumne Hyacinths. 


x Ayacinthus Autumnalis minor, a Hyacinthus Autummnalis major. 
Smal] Autumne Iacinth. Great Autumne Jacinth, 


i ann" Ane VO jes) 4 


G] Thedecriprion. 


i Veumne Tacinth is the leaft of all the Iacinths: it hath {mall narrow graffy leaues 

A {pread abroad vpon the ground ; in the middeft whereof {pringeth ypafmal! naked 

ftalkean handfull high, fet from the middle to the top with many {mall ftarre-like 

blew floures, hauing certaine {mall loofechiues in the middle, The feedis blacke/contained in 
fmall huskes: the root is bulbous. 

2 The 


a 4 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, oo 


2 The great Winter Tacinth is like vnto the precedent, in leaues, ftalkes, and flouresnot dift 
fering in any one point but in greatneffe, " 

3 TothefeT thinke itnotamifle toadde another finall Hyacinth, more different from 
thefe lak defcribed in the time of the flouring,than infhape. The root of it is littic,{mall white, 
longifh, with a few fibres at the bottome ; the leaues are fmal] and long like the laft defcribed, 
The ftalke,which is fearce an handfull high, is adorned at the top with three or foure {tarry floures 
ofablewith Ath colour, cach Aoute confifting of fix little leaues, with fix chines and their poin- 
tals, ofadarke blew, anda peftillin the middeft. It floures imAprill. + 

; ; @q The place. 
t The greater Autumne Iacinth growes not wildeinEngland, but it is to be found in fome 
gardens. ie): ea 
The firftor leffer growes wilde in diuers places of England,asvpon a banke by the Thames fide 
betweene Chelfeyand London, + 
@ Thetime, 
They floure in the end of Auguft, and in September, and fometimes after, 
@ The names. 
x Thefirftis called Hyacinthus Autummnalis minor, or the leffer Autumne Tacinth, and Winter 
Jacinth, 
2 The fecond, Ayacinthus Autummalis major, the great Autumne Tacinth, or Winter Iacinth. 
3. This iscalled by Lobel, Ayacinthus parvulus flellaris vernus, The {mall {tarry Spring Tacinth, 


Cuar. 79. Of the EnglifhFacinth,or Hare-Bels. 


4 Hyatinthus Anglicus. 59 ; 2 Hyacinthus albus Anglicus, 
Englith Hare-bels, ello nuhans White Englith Hare-bels 
eo SWAMI 


Low pra rs cian: g 


q The defiription. 
bf SPeesiae Hare-bels ot Englith Iacinth is very common throughout all England. Ie 
* hath long narrow lcaues leaning towards the ground,among the which {pring vp naked 
ee eee omelGs Lie Crue spe 7 


tera tt tec 
12 Of the Hiftorie of Plants.  “Desial 


or bare ftalkes loden with many hollow blew Floures, of a ftrong fweet {mell, fomewhat ftuffing 
the head :after which come thecoddes or round knobs, containing a great quantitie of {mall 
blacke fhining feed. The root is bulbous, fullofa flimy glewith juyce,which wil ferue to fet fea- 
thers vponarrowes in ftead of glew, or to pafte bookes with : whereofis made the beft ftarch’ next 
vnto that of Wake-robin roots. 


4 Hyacinthus Orientalis caruleus. 5 Hyacinthus Orientalis Polyanthos. 
The blew Oriental! Iacinth. Many floured Oriental! Iacinth, 


2 Thewhite Englith Iacinth is altogether like vnto the precedent , fauing that the leaues 
hereof are fomewhat broader, the Floures more open, and very white of colour. 

3 There is found wilde inmany places of England,another fort,which hath Floures ofa faire 
carnation colour, which maketh a difference from the other. 

$  Therearealfo fundry other varieties of his fort, but I thinke it vnneceflarie to infift vpon 
them, their difference is fo little,confifting not in their fhape, but in the colour of their Ploures. 

The blew Hare-bels grow wilde in woods, copfes, and in the borders of fields euery where tho- 
row England. 

The other two are not fo common, yet do they grow in thewoods by Colchefter in Effex, in 
the fields and woods by South-fleet,neere vnto Graues-end in Kent,as alfo in a piece of ground by 
Canturbury called the Clapper, in the fields by Bathe,about the woods by Warrington in Lan- 
cafhire, and other places. 

q Thetime. 
They floure from the beginning of May vnto the end of Iune. 


q The names. 

1 The firftofour Englith Hyacinths is called Hyacinthus Anglicus, for that it is thought to 
grow more plentifully in England than elfewhere , of Dedoneut, Hyacinthus non {criptus, orthe vh- 
written Iacinth. 

2 The fecond, Hyacinthus Belgicus candidus , or the Low-Countrey Hyacinth with white 
Floures. F 

+ 3 This third iscalled Ayacinthns Anglicus , aut Belgicus Floreincarnato, Carnation Hare- 


bels. 


+ 6 Hyacinthus 


Le... 


sceeeneeeeenee ee 


OF the Hittory of Plants, 
+ 6 Hyacinthus Orientalis polyanthos alter, 


The other many-Fioured Oriental Iacinth, 


3 173 
fy 7 ‘yacinthus Orientals purp 
Reddifh pu 


uO rubeus, 


irplé Oriental Iad¢in thy 


HH 


TD 
TL 


4 8 Hyacinthus orientalis albus; 
White Oriental Iacinth, 


€ 9 Hyacinthus Brumalss; 
Winter Iacinth, 


q The . 


foun deol 5 se ah leigh peti oe laatl a elias Ze 
i 4. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. brs 


ne oe Ee eS ee a 


q The Defcription. 

The Orientall lacinth hath great leaues, thicke, fat, and full of juyce, deepely hollowed in 
the middle like a trough : from the middle of thofe leaues rifeth vp a ftalke two hands high, bare 
without leaues, very {mooth, foft, and full of juice, loden toward the top with many faire blew 
Floures, hollow like a bell, greater thanthe Englifh Tacinth,but otherwife like them. The root is 
great, bulbous,or Onion fafhion , couered with many fcaly reddifh filmes or pillings , {uch as 
couer Onions. : 

The Iacinth with many Floures (for fo doth the word Polyanthos import) hath very many 
large and broad leaues, fhort and very thicke, fat, or full of flimy juyce : from the middle whereof 
rife vp ftrong thicke groffe ftalkes,bare and naked,fet from the middle to the top with many blew 
or skie coloured Floures growing for the moft part vpon one fide of the ftalke. Theroot is great, 
thicke,and full of flimy juyce. 


+ 10 Hyacinthus Oriental caule foliofs $ 11 Hyacinthus Ovientalis florepleno. 
Oriental! lacinth with leaues on the ftalke. The double floured Oriental Lacinth. 


+ 6 There isanother like the former in each refpe@, fauing that the floures are wholly 
white onthe infide, and white alfo on the outfide, but three of the out-leaues are ofa pale whitifh 
yellow. Thefe floures fmell feet as the former, and the heads wherein the feeds are contained 
are ofa lighter greene colour. + : 

3 There iscomevnto vs from beyond the feas divers other forts, whofe figures are not extant 
with vs ; of which there is one like vnto the firft of thefe Oriental Iacinths, fauing that the floures 
thereofare purple coloured , whence it is termed Hyacinthus purpuro rubeus . 

8 Likewife there is another called orientalis albus, differing alfo from the others in colour of 
the floures, for that thefeare very white, and the others blew. 

g There isanothercalled Hyacinathns Brumalissox winter Tacinth : it is like the others in fhape. 
but differeth in the time of flouring. . ; 

+ yo There isanother Hyacinth belonging rather to this place than any other, for that in 
rootleaues, floures, and feeds it refembles the firft deferibed Oriental Iacinth ;but in one refpec& 
it differs not onely from them, bur alfo from all other Iacinths : which is, ithath a leauie ftalke, 
hauing fometimes one, and otherwvhiles two narrow long leaues comming forth at the bottome of 


the 


List Of the Hiftory of Plants, | ONS 


£ 14 Hyacinthus obfoleto flore Hilpanicus major. 
_ 5, Thegteaterdusky floured Spanifh Iacinth, 


LL 


£15 yacinthus mlnor Aifpanicus., 
The lefler Spanith lacinth: 


the fetting on of the floure. Whereupon Cly- 
feuscalls it Hyactnthus Orientalis caule foliofo : 
That is,the Oriental Hyacinth with leaues on 
the ftalke. 


t fw 
ifs, 


q Of double floured Oriental Hyacin 


Of this kindred there are two or three more 
varieties, whereof I wil giue you the deferip- 
tion of the moft notable,and the ames of the 
other two; whichywith that IJ fhall deliver of 
this, may ferue for fufficient defcription. The 
firftof thefe (which Clufivs calls H; bits O- 
vientalis fubvire cente flore, or,the nith flou- 
red double Oriental! Tacinth ) bath leaues, 
roots,and feeds like vnto the formerly deferi- 
bed!Oriental Iacinths. but the floures(wher- 
in thedifference confifts) are at the fi: » be- 
fore they be open, : and then on the out 
fide next to the ftalke of a whitith blew: and 
they confift of fix leaues whofé tios are whi. 
tifh,yet retaining fome manifett ercenes:then 
outof the midft ofthe floure comes forth an- 
other floure confitting of three leanes:whirifh 
on their inner fide, yet keeping the great vei 
or ftreake vpon the outer fide, each flor 
uing inthe middlea few chiues with blackift 
pendants, It floures in Aprill. 

K2 12 This 


16 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lint 


12 Thisvarieticofthe laftdeferibed is called Hyacinthus Oricntalis flore caraleo pleno, The dou- 
ble blew Oriental! Iacinth 

13. This, Ayacinthus Orientalis candidi cious flore pleno, Themilke-white double Oriental! Ia- 
cinth. 

14 This, which Clufins calls Hyacinthus obfoletior Hifpanicus, hath leaues fomewhat narrower, 
and more flexibie than the Muféarz,with a white veine running along ft the infide of them :among 
thefe leaues there rifeth vp a ftalke of fome foot high, bearing fome fifteene or fixteene floures 
mote or leffe, in fhape much like the ordinarie Englith, confifting of fix leaues, three ftanding 
much out, and the other three little or nothing. Thefe floures are of a very dusky colour,as it were 
mixt with purple, yellow, and greene : they haue no fmel]. The feed,which is contained in trian- 
gular heads, is {mooth, blacke,{caly, and round. It floures in Iune. 

15 Theleffer Spanith Hyacinth hath leaues like the Grape-floure, and fmal] floures fhaped 
like the Orientall Iacinth, fomeare of colour blew, and other fome white. The feeds are contai- 
ned in three cornered feed-veflels. I haue given the figure of the white and blew together, with 
their feed-veffels. 

16 This Indian Iacinth with the tuberous root (faith C/u/us) hath many long narrow fharpe 
pointed leaues fpread vpon the ground, being fomewhat like to thofe of Garlicke,and in the mid- 
deft of thefe rife vp many round firme ftalkes of fome two cubits high, and oft times higher,fome- 
times exceeding the thickneffe of ones little finger ; which is the reafon that oftentimes, vnleffe 
they be borne vp by fomething , they lie along vpon the ground. Thefe ftalkes are at certaine 
{paces ingirr with leaues which end in fharpe points. The tops of thefe ftalkes are adorned with 
many white floures, fomewhat in fhape refembling thofeof the Orientall Iacinth. The rootsare 
knotty or tuberous, with diuers fibres comming outofthem. + 

| The place. 

Thefe kindes of Iacinths haue beene brought from beyond the Seas, fome out of one countrey, 
and fome out of others, efpecially from the Eaft countries, whereof they tooke their names Orien- 
tales. 

Gq Thetime. 
They floure from the end of Ianuarie vnto the end of April. 
q The nature. 

The Hyacinths mentioned in this Chapter do lightly cleanfe and binde; the feeds are dry in 

the third degree ; but the roots are dry in the firft degree, and cold in the fecond. 
“! gq Thevertues. 

A The Root of Hyacinth boyled in Wine and drunke, ftoppeth the belly, prouoketh vrine, and 
helpeth againft the venomous bitings of the field Spider. - 

B The feed is of the fame vertue, and is of greater force in ftopping the laske and bloudy flix.Be- 
ing drunke in wine it preuaileth againft the falling ficknefle. 

C The roots, after the opinion of Diofcorides, being beaten and applied with white Wine, hinder 
or keepe backe the growth of haires. : 

D +. The feedgiuen with Southerne-wood in Wine is good againft the Iaundice. $ 


Cuar. 80. Of Faire haired Jacinth. 


q| The Defcription, — 


1 He Faire haired Tacinth hath long fat leaues, hollowed along ft the infide, trough fa- 
fhion, as are moft of the Hyacinths,ofa darke greene colour tending to rednefle. The 
ftalke rifeth out of the middeft of the leaues, bare and naked, foft and fullof flimie 

juyce, which are befet round about with many {mall floures of an ouerworne purple colour : The 
top of the {pike confifteth ofa number of faire fhining purple floures, inmanner ofa tuftor bufh 
of haires, whereofit tooke his name Comofits, or faire haired. The feed is contained in {mall bul- 
lets, ofa fhining blacke colour, as are moft of thofe of the Hyacinths. The roots are bulbous or 
Onion fafhion, full of flimy juyce, with fome hairy threads faftned vnto rheir bottome. 

2 White haired Iacinth differeth not from the precedent in roots, ftalkes,leaues,or feed. The 
floures hereofare of a darke white colour,with fome blackneffe in the hollow part of them,which 
ferteth forth the difference, 

2 Ofthis kinde I received another fort from Conftantinople,refembling the firft hairy Hya- 
cinth very notably : but differeth in that,that this is altogether greater,as well in leaues,roots,and 


floures, as alfo is of greater beauty without all comparifon. 
1 Hya- 


Lis. t 


1 Hyacinthus comofis. 


Faire haired Jacinth, 


£3 Hyacinthus comofus Bixantiawss 
_ Faire-haired Iacinth of Conftantinople. 


OF the Hiftory of Plants. 


2 Hyacinthus comofis albus: 
White haired Iacinth. 


£5 Hyacinthus comofus ramofus elecantior, 
Faire curld-haired branched Iaciath, 


$4 There 


u8 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lint. 


+ 4. Therearetwoother more beautifull haired Jacinths nourifhed in the gardens of our 
prime Florifts. The firft of thefe hath roots and leaues refembling the laft deferibed : the ftalke 
commonly rifeth tothe height ofa foot,and itis diuided into many branches on euery fide,which 
are fmall and threddy , and then at the end as it were of thefe threddy branches there come forth 
many faller threds ofa darke purple colour, and thefe {pread and diuaricate themfelues diuers 
wayes, much after the manner of the next defcribed ; yet the threds are neither of fo pleafing a 
colour, neither fo many in number, nor fo finely curled. This is called Hyacimthus comofns ramofus 
perpurens, The faire haired branched Iacinth. 

5 This isamoft beautiful and elegant plant, and in his leaues and roots he differs little from 
the laft deferibed, but his ftalke, which is as high as the former, is diuided into very many flen- 
der branches, which fubdiuided into great plenty of curled threads varioufly {pread abroad, make 
avery pleafant fhew. The colour alfo is a light blew,and the floures v{ually grow fo,that they are 
moft dilated at the bottome, and fo ftraiten by little and little after the manner of a Pyramide. 
Thefe floures keepe their beautie long, but are fucceeded by no feeds that yet could be obferned. 
This by Fabiws Columna (who firft made mention hereofinwriting ) is called Hyaciathus Sannefins 
panniculofa coma : By others, Hyacinthus comofits ramofus clegantior, The faire curld-haire Iacinth, 

Thefe floure in May, + . 


6 Hyacinthus botryoides cerulens, 7 Hyacinthus botryoides cerulens major , 
Blew Grape-floure, Great Grape-floure. 


6 Thefmall Grape flourehath many long fat and weake leaues trailing vpon the ground,hol- 
low in the middle likea little trough, full of flimie juyce like the other Iacinths ; amongft which 
come forth thicke foft f{mooth and weake ftalkes , leaning this way and that way, as not able to 
ftand vpright by reafon it is furcharged with very heauy floures on his top,confifting of many lit- 
tle bottle-like blew floures, clofely thruft or packed together like a bunch of grapes, of a {trong 
fmell, yet not vapleafant, fomewhat refembling the fauour ofthe Orange. The root is round and 
bulbous, fet about with infinite young cloues or roots, whereby it greatly inereafeth. 

7 Thegreat Grape-floure is very like vnto the {maller of his kinde. The difference confifteth, 
in that this plant 1s altogether greater, but the leaues are not fo long. 

8 Thesky-coloured Grape-floure hath a few leanes in refpeé of the other Grape-floures,the 
which are fhorter, fuller of juyce, ftiffe and vpright, whereas the others traile vpon the ground. 
: The 


an re Of the Hiftorie of Plants. no 


The floures grow at the top, thruft or packt together like a bunch of Grapes, of a pleafant bright 
sky colour,euery little bottle-like floure fet about the hollow entrance with {mall white {pots not 


eafie to be perceiued, The roots are like the former, ‘ 
3 Hyacinthus Botryoides carulens major, 9 Thewhite Grape-floure differeth not 
Great Grape-floure, from the sky-coloured Laciath,but in colour of 


the floure:for this Iacinth is ofa pleafant white 
colour tending to yellownes, tipped about the 
hollow part with White,whiter than White it 
felfe, otherwife there is no difference, 


@ The Place. 


Thefe plants are kept in gardens for the 
beautie of their floures, wherewith our London 
gardens do abound. 


@| The Time. 
They floure from Februarie to the end of 
May. 
g The Names. 


The Grape-floure is called Hyacinthus Botry- 
vides, and Hyacinthus Neoticorum Dodonat: of 
fome, Bullus E ifculentus,H 'yaconthus (ylueferes Cr. 
ai, Hyacinthus cxicuus Tragi, Some indge them 
to be Bulbi 1@,0f Pliny, 

+ Thefatre haired laciath deferibed in the firft place 
éthe syacinthus of Diofcgrides andthe Antients.+ 


\ 
The Nature and Vertues, 
t+ Thevertues fet downe inthe precedent Chap. 


ter properly belong to that kinde of Hyacinth which « 
deferibed ia the firft place inthis Chapter, 


Cuar. 8.) Of MM ufcari, or Musked Grape-floure. 
@ The Defcription. 


i j Ellow Mufcarie hath fiue or fix long leaues {pread vponthe ground, thicke, far, and 
full of flimie juyce, turning and winding themfelues crookedly this way & that way, 
hollowed along ft the middle like a trough, as are thofe of faire haired Tacinth,which 

at the firft budding or {pringing vp are of a purplith colour ; but being growne to perfection, be- 
come ofaidarke greene colour: among ft the which leaues rife vp naked, thicke, and far ftalkes,in- 
firme and weake in tefpe& of the thickneffe and greatne(le thereof, lying alfovpon the ground as 
do the leaues ; fet from the middle to the top oncuery fidewith many yellow floures, euerie one 
made like a fmall pitcher or little box, witha narrow mouth, exceeding fwvect of fimell like the {a- 
uor ofmuske, whereofit tooke the name ‘Mufeari. The feed is inclofed in puffed or blownevp 
cods,confufedly made without order,ofa fat and fpongeous fub ftance,whereinis contained round 
blacke feed. The rootis bulbous or onion fafhion, whereunto are annexed certaine fat and thicke 
ftrings like thofe of Dogs graffe, sag 5 

2 Ath-coloured Mufcari or gtape-floure,hath large and fat leaues likethe precedent,not dif. 
fering in any point, fauing that thefe Jeaues at their Girt {pringing vp ate ofapale dus lour 
likeathes, The floures are likewife {weet,but ofa pale bleake colour, wherein confifteth the 
ference, 


Olina eta ce EET Tae © me 
120 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. hore 
SRS ee ee Reig Minit cathe 


1 Mufcari flavum. 
Yellow musked Grape-floure. 


2 Mufcariclufij. 
Afh-coloured Grape-floure. 


Mufeari caulis filiquis onuflus. 


The ftalke of Mufcari hanged with the feed-veflels. 


gq The Place. 

Thefe Plants came from beyond the Thra- 
cian Bofphorus, out of Afia, and from about 
Conftantinople, and by the meanes of Friends 
haue been brought into thefe parts of Europe , 
whereofour London gardens are poffeffed. 


@ The Time. : 

They flourein March and Aprill,and fome- 
times after. 

q The Names. : 

They are called generally uféari : In the 
Turky Tongue, Mu[choromi, Mufcurimi,Tipcadi, 
and Dipeadi, of their pleafant fweet fmell: Of 
Matthiolus, BulbusVomitorius. Thefe plants may 
be referred vnto the Iacinths, whereof vndoub- 
tedly they be kindes. 

The Nature and V ertues. 

There hath notas yet any thing beene tou- 
ched concerning the nature or vertues of thefe 
Plants, onely they are keptand maintained in 
pe for the pleafant {mell of their floures, 

ut not for their beauty,for that many flinking 
field floures do in beautie farre furpafle them. 
Butit fhould feem that Matthiolus called them | 
Vomitorins,in that he fuppofed they procurevo- 
miting ; whichofother Authors hath not bin 
remembred. 
: Chap. 


ea Of the Hiftorie of Plants. oy 


Cuar. 823 Of Woolly Bulbus. 


Bulbus Eviophorus. : bi 
Woolly Iacinth. | The Defription. 


Here hath fallen out to be here inferted a 
bulbous plant confifting of many Bulbes, 
which hath paffed currantamong ft all our 

late Writers. The which I am to fet forth to the 
view of our Nation, as others haue done in fun- 
dry languages to theirs,asa kind of the Tacinths, 
whichin roots and leaues it doth very wel refem- 
ble; called of the Grecians,tecpoes:: in Latine,La- 
aiferus, becaufe of his aboundance of VV ooll-res 
fembling fubftance, wherewith the whole Plant 
is ineuery patt full fraught, as well roots, leaues, 
as ftalkes. The leaues are broad, thicke, far full 
of juyce, and of a {pider-like web when they be 
broken. Amang thefe leanes riferh vp a flalke 
twocubits high, much like vnto che ttalke of 
Squilla or Sea-Onion and from the middie to 
the top it is befer round about with many fmall 
ftarre-like blew floures without fizell, very like 
to the floures of A fphodill ; beginning to floure 
at the bottome, and fo vpward by degrees, where- 
by itis long before it hath done flouring : which 
floures the learned Phy fitian of Vienna, Zohannes 
AicholZius, defired long to fee; who brought it 
firft from Conftantinople, and planted it in his 
Garden,where he nourifhed it tegne yeares with 
Steat curiofitie: which time being expired, thin- 
king it tobe a barren plant, he fentit to Curolys 
Clufius, with whom in fome few yeres it did beare 
fuch floures as before deferibed > but neuer fince 
to this day. This painefyll Herbarift would 
gladly have feene the feed that fhould fucceed thefe floures ; but they being’ofa nature quickly 
fubieé to perith, decay, and fade, began prefently to pine away, leauing onely a few chaffie and 
idle feed-veffels without fruit. My felfe hath beene poffeffed with this plant at the leaft twelue 
yeares, whereof I haue yearely great encreafe of new roots, but I did neuer {ee any token of bud. 
ding or flouring to this day : notwithftanding I fhal! be content to fuffer ic in fome bafe place or 
other of my garden, to ftand as the cipher oat the end of the figures, toattend histime and lei- 
fure, as thofe men of famous memorie haue done. Of whofe temperature and vertues there hath 
notany thing beene faid, but kept in gardens to the end aforefaid. 


Cuar.83. Of two feigned Plants. 


@ The Defzription, 


% Haue thought it conuenient to conclude this hiftorieof the Hyacinths with thefe avo 

| bulbous Plants, receiued by tradition from others, though generally holden for feigned 

. andadulterine. Their pictures I could willingly have omitted in this hiftorie, if the 

eurious eye could elfewhere haue found them drawne and defcribed in our Englith Tongue: but 
becaufe I finde them in none, I will lay them downe here, to the end that it may ferue for excufe 
to others who fhall comeafter, which lift not to defcribe them,being as I faid condemned for fei- 
ned and adulterine, nakedly drawne onely. And the firft ofthem is called Bulbus esses: by others, 
Bulbus Bombiciaus Commentitius, The defeription confifteth of thefe points, vz, The floures (faith 
the Author) arenoleffe ftrange than wonderfull. The Iéaues and roots are like tothofe of A ya 

: cint 1S, 


122 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ’ bisian 


cinths, which hath caufed it to occupie this place. The floures refemble the Daffodils or Nar- 
ciffus. The whole plant confifteth ofa woolly, ot flockie matter : whic defcription with the Pi- 
Gurewas fent vnto Dodonens by Lohannes AicholXius. It may be that AicholXius receiued inftruc- 
ons from the Indies, ofa plant calletl in Greeke sede, which groweth in India, whereof Theophra- 
ftus and Atheneus do write in this manner, faying, The floure is like the Narciffus, confifting of a 
“flockie or woolly fubftance, which by him feemeth to be the defcription ofour bombaft Jacinth. 


1 Bulbus Bombicinus Commentitins. 2 Tigridis flos. 
Falfe bumbafte Iacinth, Thefloure of Tygris. = 
An, Tu fst Ger 


Digvideo 


Saree 
= —=> 


2 Thefecond feigned picture hath beene taken of the Difcoueres and others of later time,to 
bea kinde of Dragons not feene of any that haue written thereof; which hath moued them to 
thinke it a feigned picture likewife, notwithftanding you fhall receiue the defcription thereofas 
ithathcome to my hands. The root (faith my Author) is bulbous or Onion fafhion, outwardly 
blacke ; from the which {pring vp long leaues, fharpe pointed, narrow, and ofa frefh greene co- 
lour : in the middeft of which leaues rife vp naked or bare ftalkes, at the top whereof groweth a 
pleafant yellow floure, ftained with many {mall red {pots here and there confufedly caft abroad : 
and inthe middeft of the floure thrufteth fortha long red tongue or ftile, which intime groweth 
tobe the cod or feed-veflell,crooked or wreathed, wherein is the feed. The vertues and tempera- 
ture are not tobe fpoken of, confidering that we affuredly perfuade our felues that there are no 
fuch plants, but meere fictions and deuices, as we terme them, to giue his friend a gudgeon. 

¢ Though thefe two haue beeng thought commentitious or feiened, yet Banhinus feemeth to 
vindicate the latter, and Iohw Theodore de Bry in his Florilegium hath fet it forth. He giues two Fi- 
gures thereof, this which we here giue you being the one; but the other is farre more elegant,and 
better refembles a nattirall plant. The leaues (as Bawhiné faith) are like the fword-flag , the foot 
like a leeke, the floures (according to De Bries Figure) grow fometimes two or three of a ftalke : 
the floure confifts of two leaues,anda long ftile or peftill: each of thefe leauesisdinided into 
three parts, the vttermoft being broad and large, and the innermoft much narrower and fharper? 
the tongue or ftile that comes forth of the midft of the floure is long, and at the'ehd diuided into 
three crooked forked points. Allthat De Bry faith thereof is this., Flos Tieridis rubet egregit circa 
medium tamen pallet,albufaue eft & maculatus , ex Mexico a Cafparo Baubio. Thatis ; F los Tigridis is 


wondrous red, yet is it pale and whitith about the middle, and alfo fpotted ; it came from about 


Mexico, had it from Cajpar Bauhine. £ 
Chap. 


“Lie Of the Hiftorie of Plans. SSCS 


Cuar. 84, Of Daffodils. 
| The Kindes. 


Affodill, or Narciffs,according to Dioftorides, is of two forts : the floutes of both are white, 
D the one hauing in the middlea purple circle or coronet ; the other with ayellow cup circle 

orcoronet., Since whofe time there hath been fundry others defcribed,as fhall be fet forth 
in their proper places, 


x Narci{fus medio purpurenus. + 4 Narciffus medio crocens ferotinus Polyanthos: 
Purple circled Daffodill, The late many floured Daffodill with the Saf. 
Hebessoes froedrcked. fron-coloured middle. ey 5 


q| The Defcription; 


I He firft of the Daffodils is that with the purple crowne or circle’, hauing {mall nar- 
row leaues, thicke, fat, and full of flimie juyce; among the which rifeth vpa naked 
; ftalke,fmooth and hollow, ofa foot high, bearing at the top a fairemilk-white floure 
gowing forth of a hood or thinne filme, fuch as the floures of onions arewrapped in: in the mid- 
eft of which floure is a round circle or fmall coronet of a yellowifh colour , purfled or bordered 
about the edge of the faid ring or circle witha pleafant purple colour ; which beeing paft, there 
followeth a thicke knob or button,wherein is contained blacke round feed. The root is white,bul- 
bous or Onion fafhion. 

2__ The fecond kinde of Daffodil! agreeth with the precedent in enery refj pet,fauing that this 
Daffodill floureth in the beginning of Februarie, and the other notvatill Aprill, and is fomewhat 
lefler. It is called Narciffus medio purpurcus precox ; Thatis, Timely purple ringed Daffodill. The 
next may haue the addition precocior, More timely : and the laft in place, but firft in time,precoci/- 
Siveas, Mok timely, or very early-flouring Daffodill. 

“i 3 The 


ee SS —_ Sey 
124. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. } Lisia 

£ 5 Narciffus medio-purpurens flore pleno, 6 Narciffus minor ferotinus, 

Double floured purple circled Daffodill. The late fouring {mall Daffodill. 


<s 


<SS 
sone 
iN 
= N 7, 
Yi D> 


ir 


Qi 


7 Narciffusmediolutens. § Narciffus mediolutens polyanthos, 
Primrofe Pearles, or the common white Daffodil, French Daffodil, 
i anlfsus 6 C { Lowers 4 : } 


$$ $$$ 


rr a rennet nnn, 
Lis. t. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 125 


‘9 Narci(fus Pifanus. 10 Narciffus albus multiples: 
Italian Daffodil]. The double white Daffodill of Conftantinopie. 


$12 Narciffus flore pleno, medio luteo. 
Double white Daffodil with the middle 
yellow, 


4 11 Narci(fus flore pleno albo, 
The other double white Daffodill, 


N 


’ iS N Am 
\ \ Assy 
| |) Bee 
iy py AY) \W) 


i 
(We 


a Oe 


nn nnn nnn eae mann nuaeneycioete aniaaaaieemaeare ail laeeaniniamaaccmensanemimmaiamnt iii —aaaat naa ae 
126 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz... 


3 The third kind of Daffodil with the pnrplering or circle in the middle,hath many fmafl nar- 
row leaues, very flat, crookedly bending toward the top, among which rifeth vp a flender bare 
ftalke, at whofe top doth grow a faire and pleafant fioure, like vnto thofe before defcribed, but lef- 
fer,and floureth fooner,wherein confifteth the difference. 

+ There isalfo another fomewhat leffe, and flouring fomewhat earlier than the laft defcribed. 

4 This in roots, leaues,and ftalkes differeth very little from the laft mentioned kindes ; but it 
beares many floures yponone ftalke, the out-leaues being like the former, white, but theicup or 
ring in the middle ofa fattron colour, with diuers yellow threds contained therein. 

5  Tothefemay be added another mentioned by C/u/iws, which ditfers from thefe onely in the 
floures - for this hath floures confifting of fix large leauggfairely fpread abroad, within which are 
other fix Jeaues not fo largeas the former, and then many” otfier litfl¢ leaues mixed withthreds 
comming forth of the middle. Now there are purplewelts which runne betweene the firftand fe- 


cond ranke of leaues,in the four, and fo inthe reft. This floures in May ; and itis Narciffus plene 
flore quintus, of Clufins. t 


£13 Narci(fius florc pleno, medio verficolore.' 14 Narciffus torus albus, 
Double Daffodil] with a diuers coloured Milke white Daffodill, 
middle. 


6 Thislate flouring Daffodil! hath many fat thicke leaues, full of juice,among the which ri- 
feth vp anaked ftalke,on the top whereof groweth a fairewhite floure,hauing in the middlea ring 
or yellow circle. The feed groweth inknobby feed veflels. The root is bulbous or Onion fafhion. 
Tt Houreth later than the others before defcribed, that is to fay, in Aprilland May. 

7 The feuenth kinde of Daffodil is that fort of Narciffus or Primerofe peereleffe that is moft 
common in our countrey gardens, generally knowne euery where, It hath long fat and thicke 
leaues, full of a flimie juice , among which rifeth vp a bare thicke ftalke, hollow within and full 
of juice. The floure growethat the top, ofa yellowith white colour, with a yellow crowne or clr- 
cle inthe middle; and floureth in the moneth of Aprill,and fometimes fooner. The root is bul-. 
bous fafhion. a 

8 Theeighth Daffodil! hath many broad and thicke leaues, fat and full of juice, hollow and 


fpongeous. The ftalkes, floures,and roots are like the former,and differeth in that,that ee La 
rnget 
to) 


Lis. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 127 


bringeth forth many floures vpoi one ftalk,and the other fewer,and not of fo perfeca fiveet fmel, 

butmore offenfiue and ftuffing the head. Ithath this addition,Polyanthos,that is,of many floures, ‘ 
wherein efpecially confifteth the difference. 

9  ThelItalian Daffodill is very like the former, thewhich to diftinguith inwords, that they 

may be knowne one from another,is impoffible. Their floures, leaues, and roots are like, fauing 

that the floures ofthis are fweeter and more in number, 


15 Narciffus luncifolius precox. 16 Narciffus Tunctfolins ferotinus. 
Ruth Daffodill, or funquilia. Late fouring Ruth Daffodil. 
: Oo 2 CU 


BA 


aera 


en 


to The doublewhite Daffodill of Conftantinoplewas fenr into England vnto. the right ho- 
nourable the Lord Treafirer,among other bulbed floures : whofe roots when they were planted in 
our London gardens, did bring forth beautifull floures,very white and double, with fome yellow - 
nefle mixed inthe middle leaues, pleafant and fweet in {mell , but finee that time we neuer could 

yany induftrie or manuring bring them vnto flouring againe. Sothat it fhould appeare, when 
they were difcharged of that birth or burthen which they had begotten in their owne country,and 
not finding that matter, foile, or clymate to beget more floures, they remaine euer fince barren 
and fruitleffe. Befides, we found by experience, that thofe plants which in Autumne did fhoor 
forth leaues, did bring forth no floures at all ; and the others that appeared notvntill the Spring, 
did flourith and beare their floures. The ftalks,leaues, and roots are like vnto the other kindes of 
Daffodils. Itis calledofthe Turks, Gil Catamer lale, That is,Narci{{zs with double floures. Not- 
withftanding we hauereceiued from beyond the feas,as well fromthe Low Countries, as alfo 
from France, ancther fort of greater beautie, which from yeare to yeare doth yeeld forth moft 
pleafant double floures,and great encreafe of roots, very likeas well in ftalkes as gther parts of 
the plant, vnto the other forts of Daffodils. It differeth onely in the floures,which are very dou- 
bleand thicke rhrutt together, as are the floures of our double Primrofe, hauing in the middle of 
the floure fome few chiues orwelts ofa bright purplecolour,and the other mixed with yellow as 
aforefaid. 

#11 Thisalfowith doublewhite floures, which Clu(ius fers forth in the fixth place, is of 
the famekinde with the lat deferibed’, but it beares but one or two floures vpon a ftalke, whereas 
the other hath many. 

12 This, which is Clefivs his Narciffus flore pleno 2. is in roots,leaues, and ftalkes very like the 

eg precedent, 


Pee Oke tubes bea Lie. a 


precedent, but the floures are compofed of fix large white out-leaues ; but the middle is filled 
with many faire yellow little leaues much like to the double yellow wall-Aoure. They finel fweet 
like as the laft mentioned. ; ast 

13. This differs from the laft mentioned onely in that it is leffe, and that the middle of the 
floure within the yellow cup is filled with longith narrow little leaues,as it were crofhng cach 
other, Their colour is white, but mixed with fome greene on the outfide, and yellow on the in- 
fide. + f { : 

14 Themilkewhite Daffodill differeth not from the common white Daffodill, or Primrofe 
peereleffe, in leaues, ftalkes, roots, or floures, fauing that the floures of this plant hath not any 
other colour in the fourebut white, whereas all the others are mixed with one colour ot other. 


$ 19 Narci(fusjuncifolius Rofeolutens. + 18 Narci(fus juncifolins amplocalice, 
Rofe or round floured Innquilia. White Zvaquilia withthe large cup. 


$ 19 Narciffus juncifolins reflexus flore alboe 
The white reflex Ianquilig. 


HY Bees Gus Teta nr rar ’ 
vv 


ty TheRuth Daffodill hath long , narrow, and 
thicke leaues, very fmooth and flexible, almoft round 
like Ruthes,whereof it tooke his fyrname Iuncifolins or 
Rufhie. It {pringeth vp in the beginning of Ianuarie, 
at which timealfo the floures doe fhoot forth their 
buds atthe top of fmall rufhy ftalkes, fometimes two, 
and often more ypon one ftalke, made of fix {mall yel- 
low leaues. The cup or crowne in the middle is like- 
wife yellow, in fhape refembling the other Datfodills, 
but fmaller,and of a ftrong fwect {mell. The root is 
bulbed, whitewithin, and coucred with a blacke skin 
or filme. 

16 Thuis Ruth Daffodil is like vnto the precedent 
in each refpe@, fauing that itis altogether leffer ; and 
longer before it come to flouring. There is alfo awhite 
floured one of this kinde. 


tag here 


Ss 
List Of the Hiftory of Plants, 129 


#17 Thereisalfoanother Ruth Daffodil or taaquilia, with floures not fharpe pointed, but 
round with a little cup in the middle: the colouris yellow or elfewhite. This is Lobels Narciffus 
joncifolins flore rotunda circinitatis rofeo. 

18 ‘There isalfo another Ianquilia whofe leaues and ftalkes are like thole of the firk deferibed 
Rufhy Daffodill, but the cup in the middeft of the floure is much larger. Thecolour of the floure 
iscommonly white. Clufivs calls this Narciffus + luncifolius amplo calice. 

19 There are three or foure reflex Janquilia's, whofe cups hang downe;and the fixe incompaf 
fing leaues turne vp or backe, whence they taketheir names. The floures of the firftare yellow ; 
thofe of the fecond all white, the cup ofthe third is yellow,and the reflex leaues white. The fourth 
hath awhitecup, and yellow reflex leaues. This feemes to be Lobcls Narciffus montanus minimus co- 
ronatus. 

20 This is like tothe ordinarie leffer Zwnquilia, but that the floures ate very double,confifting 
of many long and large leaues mixed together ; the thorter leaues are obtu fe,as if they were clipt 
off. They are wholly yellow. + 


£ 19 Narci(fus Iuncifolius reflexus minor, £ 20 Narciffusjuncifolins multiplex, 
The lefler reflex Iuvaquilia. The double feuquilia, 


21 The Perfian Daffodil! hath no ftalke at all, but onely a {mall and tender foot ftalke of an 
inch high, fuchas the Saffron floure hath : vpon which fhort and tender ftalk doth ftandia yellow- 
ith floure confifting of fix fmall leaues ; of which the three innermoft are narrowet than thofe on 
theout fide. Inthemiddle of the floure doth grow forth a long ftile or pointall, fer about with 
many {mall chiues or threds. The wholefloure is of an vnpleafant {mel, much like to Poppy. The 
leaues rife vp a little before the floure, long, fmooth, and fhining. The root is bulbed,thicke,and 
groffe, blackifh on the out fide, and pale within, with fome threds hanging at the lower part. 

22 The Autumne Daffodill bringeth forth long fmooth, glittering leaues, of a deepe greene 
colour : among which rifeth vpa fhort ftalke, bearing at the top one floure and no more, refem- 
ling the floure of Mead Saffton or common Saffron, confifting of fix leaues of a bright fhining 
yellow colour ; inthe middle whereof ftand fix threds or chiues, and alfoa peftell or clapper yel- 
low likewife. Therootis thickeand groffe like vnto the precedent. 

# 23 Tothislaftmaybeadioyned another which in fhape fomewhat refernbles if The 

L 3 caues 


130 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. nh 


leaues are {mooth,greene, growing ftraight vp,and almoft a fingers breadth ; among which rifeth 
vpa ftalkea little more than halfe a foot in height, at the top of which groweth forth a yellow 
floure not much vnlike that of the laft defcribed Autumne Narcifle: it confifteth of fixe leaves 
fome inch and halfe in length, and {ome halfe inch broad, fharpe pointed, the three inner leaues 
being fomewhat tonger than the outer, There grow forth out of the middeft of the floure three 
whitifh chiues,tipt with yellow, and a peftell in the midft of them longer than any of them. The 
root confifts of many coats, with fibres comming forth ofthe bottome thereof like others of this 
kinde, It floures in Februarie. £ 


Yo ae 


21 Narci(fus Perficus. 22 Nareif[us Autumonalis major. 
The Perfian Datfodill. The great Winter Daffodill, 


24 Small Winter Daffodill hath abulbous root, much like vnto the root of Ruth Daffodil, 
but Jeffer: from the which rifeth vp anaked ftalke without leaues, on the top whereof groweth a 
fall white floure witha yellow circle inthe middle, fiveet in fmell, fomething ftuffing the head 
as dothe other Daffodils. 

@ The Place. ; 

The Daffodils with purple coronets do grow wilde in fundry places of France,chiefly in Bour- 
gondie,and in Suitzerland in medowes. 

The Ruth Daffodill groweth wilde in fundry places of Spaine, among graffe and other herbes. 
Diofcorides faith, That they be efpecially found vpon mountaines. Técocritus affirmeth the Daffo- 
dils to grow in medowes, in his nineteenth E#dy/. or twentieth,according to fome editions : where 
hewriteth, That the faire Ladie Evropacntring with her Nymphs into the medowes, did gather 
the fivect {melling Daffodils ; in thefe Verfes : j 

Aid, ri Ba, Be, 
Which we may Englith thus: 

But when the Girles were come inte 

The medowes flouring allinficht, 

That Wench with thefe, this Wench with thofe 

Trim floures, themfelues did all delight : 

She with the Narcifle cood ia fent, 

And fhewith Hyacinths content. 4 
ut 


Lis. 1. Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 131 


But itis not greatly to our purpofe particularly to feeke out theit places of, growing wilde, fee. 
ing thatwe haue them all and euery of them in our London gardens, in great aboundance. The 
common white Daffodil groweth wilde in fields and fides of Woods in the Weft parts of Eng- 
land. 


* 


c q The Time. 

They floure for the moft part in'the $ pring, that is, from the beginning of Februarie vnto the 
end of April. : 
4 The Peta and Winter Daffodils do flouye in September and O&ober. 


] 7 ' j nnalis minor 
$ 23 Narcifius vernnspracocior flane flore. 24. Narciffus Autum palts miner, 
The timely Spring yellow Daffodill, Fay Me ae Makosi, vin 


@ The Names. 

Although their names be fet forth intheir feucrall titles » Which may ferue for their appellati- 
ons and diftinétions ; notwithftanding it fhallnot be impertinent toaddea fupply of names, as 
alfo the caufe why they ate fo called, 

The Perfian Daffodil is called in the Sclauonian or Turkifh tongue, Zaremcada Perfiana, and 
Zaremcatta,as for the molt part all other forts of Daffodils are. Notwithftanding the double flou- 
ted Daffodil they name Ginl catamer Lale « Which name they generally giue vnto all double 
floures. 

The commonwhite Daffodil with the yellow circle they call Serin Cade,that is to fay,the kings 
Chalice, and Deue bohini,which is to fay,Camels necke,or aswe do fay of a thing with long fpin- 
dle fhinnes,Long-fhankes, vrging it from the long necke of the floure. 

The Rush Daffodil is called of fome Tongquillias, of the fimilitude the Jeaues haue with Ruthes, 
OF Diofcorides, Bulbus Vomitorins, or Vomiting Bulbe, according to Dodonens. 

Generally all the kindes are comprehended vnder this name Narciffus,called of the Grecians 
Nyifons:in Dutch, #areifler : in S panith, lennetten : in Englith, Daffodilly, Daffodowndilly,and 

- Primerofe peerelefie. , 

Sophocles nameth them the garland of thé infernal gods,becaufe they that are departed and dul- 
led with death,thould worthilybe crowned with a dulling floure. 

Ofthie firft and fecond Daffodill ovidhath made mention in the third booke of his Metanor. 

p OUTS, 


132 


OF the Hiftorie of Plants. | Lis.t 


phofis 5 where hee defcribeth the transformation of rhe faire boy Narci/[ws into a floure ofhis own 
name ; faying, iy pei 


Nufquam corpus erat, crocenm pro corpore florem 
Inueniuat, folijs medium cingentibus albis. 
Butas for body none remain’d ; in {tead whereof they found 
A yellow floure, with milke white leaues ingirting ofit round. 


Pliny and Plutarch affisme,as partly hath been touched before,thattheir narcoticke quality was 
the very caufe of the name Narciffus, that is,a qualitie caufing fleepineffe ; which in Greekes is 
woe: or of the fifh Torpedo, called in Grecke which benummes the hands of them that touch 
him, as being hurtfull to the finewes ; and bringeth dulnefte to the head , which properly belon- 
gethto the Narciffes,whofe fell caufeth d rowdineffe. 


The Nature, 
The roots of Narciffus are hot and dry in the fecond degree. 
@ The Vertues. 

Galen faith, That the roots of Narci/fus haue fuch wonderfull I Brics in drying,that they con- 
found and glew together very great wounds,yea and fuch gafhes oreuts as happen about the veins, 
finewes,and tendons. They hauealfo a certaine cleanfing and attracting facultie. 

The roots of Narciffus ftamped with honey,and applied parc Ades them that are bur- 
ned with fire,and ioyneth together finewes that are cut in {unde ; 

Being vfed in manner aforefaid, it hel peth the great wrencheslof the ankles, the aches and pains 
ofthe ioynts. 

The {ame applied with hony and nettle feed helpeth Sun burning and the morphew. 

_ The fame ftamped with barrowes greafe and leuen of rie bread, haftneth to maturation hard im- 
poftumes,which are not cafily brought to ripeneffe. 4 

p Being ftamped with the meale of Darnell and honey, it draweth forth thornes and ftubs out of 
any part of the body. : : 

G _. bhe root,by the experiment of Apuleius, ftamped and ftrained,and giuen in drinke;helpeth the ~ 
cough and collicke, and thofethat be entred intoa ptificke. 

u The roots whether they be eaten or drunken,do moue vomit, and being mingled with Vineger 


and nettle feed,taketh away lentiles and {pots in the face. 


Cua. 85. Of the Ballard Daffodil 


qj The Defcription. 


I He double yellow Daffodil! hath fmal! fmooth narrow leaues, of a darke greene co- 
four ; among which rifeth vp a naked hollow ftalke of two hands high,bearing at the 
top a faire and beautifull yellow floure, of a pleafant fiveet fmell :it theddeth his 

floure, but there followeth no feed at all,as it hapneth in many other double floures. The root is 


{mal], bulbous, or onion fafhion,like vnto the other Datfodils, but much fmaller. 
2 Thecommon yellow Daffodil! or Daffodowndilly is fowell knowne toall that itneedeth 


no defcription. 

3. Wehauein our London gardens another fort of this common kind,which naturally grow- 
ethin Spaine,very likevnto our beft knowne Daffodillin fhape and proportion, but altogether 
fairer,creater,and lafteth longer before the floure doth fall or fade. 

+ 4 Thishath leauesand roots like the laft defcribed, but fomewhat leffe ; the floure alfo 
is in fhape not vnlike that of the precedent, but leffe, growing vpona weake flender greene ftalke, 
of fome fingers length : the feed 1s contained in three cornered, yet almoft round heads. The root 
is fnall,bulbous,and blacke on the outfide. 

5 Thishatha longifhbulbous root,fomwhat blacke on the outfide, from which rife vp leaves 
not fo long norbroad as thofe of the laft defcribed : inthe midft of thefe leaues {prings vp a ftalk, 
flender, and {ome halfe foot inheight ,at the top of which, forth ofa whirith filme, breakes forth 
a floure like in fhape to the common Datfodill, but leffe,and wholly white,with the brim of the 
cupwelted about. It foures in Aprill,andripens the feedsinIune. + ; 

@ The Place. ‘ 
The double yellow Daffodill I recciued from Robinus of Paris,which he procured by meanes of 


friends from Orleance and other parts of France. 
The 


Lise t - Of the Hittorie of Plants, i 


22 
etl RAR Oo hy 
1 Pféxdonarcilfus luteus multiplex. 2 Pfeudonarciffus Anglicus, 
Double yellow Daffodill. . Common yellow Daffodil, 


Nori fens Wser ole nanrc fied. 


F 4 Pfiudonarciffus minor Hifpanicns, 
The leffer Spanifh Daffodil, 
£3 Pfeusdorsareifiss Hifpanicus; F Nomrfs DOS UE Eres caer? 


The Spanith yellow Daffodil, 


Nha vel Sf L a) (6 w 


The 


ee | 


B4 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Drew.ts. 


a 


+ 5 Pfeudonarciffus albo flore. The yellow Englith Daffodil groweth almoft eue- 
White Baftard Daffodill. rie where through England, The yellow Spanifh Daf- 
fodifl doth likewife decke vp our London Gardens, 
where they increafe infinitely. 
@| The time. 

The double Daffodill fendeth forth his Jeaues in 

the beginning of Februarie, and his floures in Aprill. 
The Names. 

The firfk is called Pfewdonarcé(fus multiplex, and Nar- 
ciffius luteus Polyanthos : inEnglith, the double yellow 
Daffodillor Narciffus. 

The common fort are called in Dutch, Geel 
Sporckel bloemensin Englith, yellow Daffodil, 
Daffodilly, and Daffodowndilly. 


a The Temperature. 
The temperature is referred vnto the kindes of Nur- 


cilfis. 
q The Vertues. 
y 

Touching the vertues hereof, it is found out by ex- 
periment offome-of the later Phyfitians, that the de- - 
coction of the roots of this yellow Daffodill do purge 
by fiege tough and flegmaticke humors, and alfo wa- 
terifh, and is good for them that are full of raw hu- 
mors, efpecially if there be added theretoa little anife 
feed and ginger, which will correé the churlifh hard- 
neffe ofthe working. 

The diftilled water of Daffodils doth cure the Pal- 
fie, ifthe Patient be bathed and rubbed with the fayd 
Liquor by the fire. It hath beene proued by as efpeci- 
alland trufty Friend ofmyne,a man learned, and a di- 
ligent fearchet of nature,M.Wicholas Belfon,fometimes 
of Kings Colledge in Gambridge. 


pe — = eh = 


Cuar. 86. Of diners other Daffodils or Narciffes, 


Here are befides the forementioned forts of Daffodils, fiindry others, fome ofwhich may be 
referred tothem ; other fome not. I donot intend an exaé enumeration of them, it being 

a thing not fo fitting for a hiftorie of Plants, as,for a Florilegie, or booke of floures. Now 

thofe that require all their figures,and more exaé defcriptions, may finde fatisfaction in the late 
Worke of my kinde friend M.Joha Parkinfon,which is intitled Paradi(us terreftras : for inother Flo- 
rilegies, as in that of De Bry, Swertz,&c. you hauc barely the names and figures, but in this are 
both figures, and an exact hiftorie or declaration of them. Therefore I tn this place will but 
onely briefely deferibe and name fome of the rareft that are preferued in our choice gardens, and 


a few others whereof yet they are rot poffett. 
@ The Defriptions. 


1 The firftof thefe, which for the largeneffe is called Nonpareille, hath tong broad Ieaues and 
roots like the other Daffodils. The floure confifts of fix very large leaues of a pale yellow colour, 
with avery large cup, but not very long : this cup is yellower than the incompafiing leaues, narro- 
weralfo at the bottome thanat the top, and vneuenly cut about theedges. This is called Narci/- 
Jus omnium maximus, ox Nonpareille ; the figure well exprefleth the floure, but that it is fomewhat 
too little. There is a varietie of this with the open leaues & cup both yellow,which makes the dif- 
ference. There is alfo another Non pareille,whofe floures are all white,and the fix leaves that ftand 
fpred abroad are vfually a little folded, or turned in at their ends. 

> Befidesthefe former there are foure or fiue double yellow Daffodils, which I cannot paffe 
ouer in filence ; the firft is that,which ts vulgarly among ft Florifts knowne by the name ee 

Narcifle 


Lis. 1. OF the Hiftorie of Plants, ; 135 


— 


Narciffe ; and ic may bewas the fame our Author in the precedentchapter mentions he’ réceiued 
from Robine , but he giuing the figure of another, and a defcription not well fitting this, I can af 
firme nothing of certaintie. Thisdouble Narcifle of Robine Srowes witha ftalke fome foot in 
height, and the floure is very double, of a pale yellow colour; and it feemes commonly to diuide 
it felfe into fome fix partitions,the leaues of the floure lying one vpon another even to the middle 
- ofthe floure, This may be called Narciffus pallidus multiple: Robini, Robines double pale Narcifle. 


$ x Narciffus omnium maximus, E £ 3 Pfewdonarciffus flore pleno, 
The Nonpareilte Daffodil) Mteat The double yellow Daffodil, 4)... 


MTOVAAA SS 


3. Thenext tothis is that which from our Author,the firt obferuer thereoFis vulgarly called 
Gerrards Narciffe : the leaues and root do not much differ from the ordinarie Daffodil! , the ftalk 
is fcarce a foot high, bearing at the top thereofa floure very double; the fixe outmoft leaues are 
ofthe fame yellow colouras the ordinarie one is ; thofe that are next are commonly as.deepe as 
the tube or trunke of the fing le one,and among ft them are mixed alfo other paler coloured leaues, 
with fome green ftripes here & there among thofe leaues:thefe floures are fomtimes all contained 
ina trunk like that of the fingle one , the fixe out-leaues excepted: other whiles this inclofure 
is broke, and then the floure ftands faire open like as that of the laft defcribed. Zobel in the fecond 
part of his Adverfariatells, That our Author Matter Gerrard found this in Wiltthite, growing in 
the garden of a poore old woman, inwhich place formerly a Cunning man(as they vulgarly terme 
him) had dwelt. 

This may be called in Latine, according tothe Englith, Narciffus multiplex Gerardi , Gerrards 
double Narciffe. \ 

The figurewe here giue you is expreffed fomewhat too tall, and the floure is not altozether fo double as it 
ought tobe. 

4 Thereare alfotwo or three double yellow Daffodils yet remaining, The firft of thefe is cal- 
led Wilmots Narcifle, (from Mafter Wilmot,late of Bow) and this hath avery faire double & large 
yellow floure compofed ofdeeper and paler yellow leaues orderly mixed. 

The fecond (which is called Tradz(cants Naxciffe, from Matter ohn Tradefcant of South-Lam- 
beth) is the largeft and ftatelieft of all the rett ; inthe largenefle ofthe floures it exceeds Wilmots, 


Which othenwife it much refembles; fome of the leaues whereof the floure confifts ate fharp poin- 
ted, 


aE naa AREER tales ER 
136 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.a 


ted, and thefe are ofa paler colour, other fomeare much more obtufe, and thefe are of a deepet 
and fairer yellow. ( 
This may be called Narciffus Rofeus Tradefeanti, Traaefcants Rofe Daffodill. 

The third M. Parkinfon challengeth to himfelfe , w hich is a floure tobe refpedted, not fo much 
for the beautie, as for the various compofure thereof, for fome of the leauesare long and fharpe - 
pointed, others obtufe and curled, a third fort long and narrow,and viually fome few hollow , and 
in fhape refembling ahorne; the vtmott leaves are commonly ftreaked,and ofa yellowith green ; 
the next tothem fold themfelues vp ronnd, and are vfually yellow, yet fometimes they are edged 
with greene. There is adeepe yellow pe ftill divided intothree parts, vfually inthe midftof this 
floure. -It floures in the end of March. I vfually (before M. Parkinfon fet forth his Plorilegic , or 
garden of floures) called this floure Narciffiss wvsrees, by reafon of its various fhape and colour: . 
but fince I thinke it fitter to giue it tot he Author,and terme it Warciffns multiplex varins Parkin- 
foni, Parkin{ons various double Narcifle. 


£ 5 Narciffus Tacobeus Indicus. $ 6 Narciffusjuncifolius montanus minimus. 
The Indian or Iacobwan Narcifle. The et Ruth-leaued Mountaine 
INarciffe. 


L Nov ajsus Ny, l LL ° oda 


x 


5 Now come! totreat of fome more rarely tobe found in our gardens, ifatall. Thatwhich 
takes the firlt place is by Clufius called Narcif[us Tacobeus Indicus, the Indian or lacobaan Nat- 
ciffe. The root hereofis much like to an ordinarie onion,the leaues are broad like the other Nar- 
ciffes, the ftalke is fmooth,round, hollow, and without knots, at the topwhereof, out ofa certaine 
skinny huske comes fortha faire red floure like that of the flouring Indian reed,but thatthe leaues 
of this arefomewhat larger, and it hath fix chiues or threds inthe middle thereof of the fame co- 
Jouras the floure,and they are adorned with brownith pendants ; in the mid ft of thefe there ftands 
alittle farther out than the reft, a three forked ftile, vnder which fucceeds a triangular head, after 
the falling of the floure, : 

This giues his floure in Iune or Inly. 

6 This Lobellcalls Narciffus montanus juncifolius minimus, The leaft Rufh-leaued mountaine 
Narcifle. The leaues of this are like the Iwaquilia; the ftalke is fhort,the floure yellow , with the 
fix winged leaues fmall and paler coloured, the cup openand large to the bigneffe of the wii 

7 This 


List Of the Hiftory of Plants. ‘Bz 


This alfo is much like the former ; but the fix incompaffing leaues are of a greenith fainr 
yellow colour ; the cup is indented, or vnequally curled about the edges, but yellow like the pre- 
cedent. Lobel calls this Narciffius montanus juncifolins flore, fimbriato, The mountaine Ruth-leaued 
Narciffe with an indented or curled cu De 


F 7 Narcif[us montanusjuncifolius flore £ 8 Narciffus omninm minimus monta- 
‘fimbriato. nus albus. 
The mountaine Ruth leaued Narcifle ; The leaft mountaine white Nar 
" with an indentedor curled cup, ciffe, ; } 
NGMNE 


8 The leaves of this areas finall as the Autumne Tacinth, the ftalke fome handfull high, and 
the floure like the laft decribed, but it is ofawhitith colour. Lobell calls this laft decribed, War- 
&i [Jus omaninm minimus montanus albus, The leaft mountainewhite Nareifle. Thefé three laft vfuall y 
floure in Februarie. $ 


Ep en ee eee 
Cuar.87. Of Tulipa, or the Dalmatian (4p. 


| The Kindes, 


Plipa, or the Dalmatian Cap is a ftrangeand forreine floure,one of the number of thebul 
bed floures, whereof there be fundry forts,fome greater, fome leffer,with which all ftudious 
and painefull Herbarifts defite to be better acquainted, becaufe of tharexcellent diuerfitie 

of moft braue floures which it beareth. OF this there be two chiefe and generall kindes, viz. Pre- 
cox and Serotina; the one doth beare his floures timely, the other later. To thefe two wewill adde 
another fort called eMedia, flouring betweene both the others. And from thefe three forts, as from 
their heads, all other kindes do proceed, which are almoft infinite in number. Notwithitanding, 
my louing friend M. Iames Garret, a curious {eatcher of Simples,and learned Apothecary of Loa- « 
don, hath vndertaken to finde out, ifit were poffible, the infinite forts, by diligent fowing of their 
feeds, and by planting thofe ofhis owne propagation, and by others receiued from his Friends 
M beyond 


Sida ed neat intne nema n eS  S 
138 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lier 


17 ulipa Bonunic nfis. 2 Tulipa Narbonenjis. 
Italian Tulipa. French Tulipa. 
Sudo a vJSy lv oct . 7] 


beh f 7 
&F) S WEES 
: NES 


@ TulipaCoccineaferotinas 


3 Tulipa pracox tota lutea, 
Timely flouring Tulipa. Late flouring Tulipa, 


5 Tulipa 


Dia ‘OF the Hiftory of Plants. 239 


5 Tulipa media fanguinea aicaoi ; 6 TulipaCandida fiuane rubcmtibys ovis, 
Apple bloome Tulipaw> | » ©, Bluth coloured Tulipa. 


LDFSS 
7 Tulipabulbifera, $8 Tulips fanguinealuteofundo., 
Bulbous ftalked Tulipa4 ‘The bloud-red Tulip with a yellow bottome, 


eee 


ares 


at mnapters' 


—— 
Sckagees 


= 


rae 


{ 
: 
. 
| 


eT 
—— 


140 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. List 


beyond the feas for the {pace of twenty yeares, not being yet able to attaine tothe end of his era- 
uell, for that each new yeare bringeth forth new plants of fundry colours, not before feene : all 
which to defcribe particularly were to roll Sifiphus ftone, or number the fands.So that it fhall fuf- 


fice to {peake of and defcribe a few, referring the reft to fome that meane to write of Tu/ipa a par- 
ticular volume. 


£ 9 Tulipa purpurea. £ 10 Tuliparubra amethiftina, 
The purple Tulip. The bright red Tulip. 


q The Defcription. 


I He Tulipa of Bolonia hath fat, thicke, and groffe Ieaues, hollow, furrowed or chanel- 
T led, bending a little backward, and as it were folded together : which at their firft 
comming vp feeme to be ofa reddifh colour,and being throughly growne turne into 
awhitifh greene. In the middeft of thofe leaues rifeth vp anaked fat ftalke a foot high, or fome- 
thing more,on the top whereof ftandeth one or two yellow floures,fometimes three or more,con- 
fifting of fix {mall leaues, aftera fort like toa deepe wide open cup,narrow aboue,and wide in the 
bottome. After it hath beene fome few dayes floured, the points and brimsofthe floure turne 
backward, likea Dalmatian or Turkith cap, called Tudipan,Tolepan, Turban,and Turfan, whereof it 
tooke hisname. The chiues or threads in the middle of the floures be fometimes yellow ,other- 
whiles blackith or purplifh, but commonly ofone ouer-worne colour or other , Nature feeming 
to play more with this foure thanwith any other that Ido know. This floure is of a reafonable 
pleafant fmell, and the other of his kinde haue little or no fmell at all. The feed is flat, {mooth, 
fhining, and ofa griftly fubftance. The root is bulbous,and very like toa common onionof Saint 
Omers. 

2 TheFrench Tulipaagreethwith the former,except in the blacke bottome which this hath 
in the middle of the floure, and is not fo fweet of {mell,which fetteth forth the difference. 

3. The yellow Tulipathat floureth timely hath thicke and groffe leaues full of inyce, long, 
hollow, or gutter fafhion, fet about a tender ftalke, at the top whereof doth grow a faire and plea- 
fant fhining yellow floure, confifting of fix {mall leaues without fmell. The root is bulbous or 
likean onion, 

4 The 


Lint Of the Hiftory of Plants. e 3 14t d 


$ 11 Talipaflore albo ftrijs pur. 
Ur eis. 
The white Tulip with putr- 
ple ftreakes. 


UE 


Thewhite Tuli 
£13 Tulipa flore pallido. 
$14 Tulipa flamimea 


wo 
3) 
“4 
3 
. 0) 
. Mh 
es 
o &s. 
| Eee 
oe 
S wo 4 
YZ we 
him CE ea 
AIMS SS 34 
OY Zs SL9Se 
ni Ng Yi Ly Say 28 = 
SaaF8 a, 
Wf se Ss 
Wf aa es 
Yyyf Se aS 

; SERS 
“a > we 
Sie ks 
5 
Ma S se 
y = [e) 
NE; = ° 
V = y 

% — 
Sepes 
= a 
Ww Neel 

a 

~ 

He 


$ 16 Tulipa ferorina polyclados major flos 
flano fundo nigro, Clufij. 
Clufius his greater many branched Tuli 
with @yellow floure, and blacke bot. 
tome, 


ip 


| flan, Chui 
fine with red,or 


florevubrovel 
Ti 


-branched iate Tulip of ¢. 


elfe yellow floures. 


tha 


. 


h NY 2 
Ai 


iy 5 
VY 


y 


’ 
74 


ipa polyclonos minor ferot 


The leffer man 


£15 Tuli 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lizen 


+ 19 Tulipapumilio lutea, 


— 
i] 


u The yellow Dwarfe Tulip: 
v9 t 

2 ° 
ob oS 
3.8 
Tere 
= 5 
3.8 
8 
oes 
OR = 


if: 
U 


virenti 


lip with darke red floures 


amilio flore purpurafcenti intus can 
fe Tulip with a purplith floure, 


£ 17 Tulipa pumilio obfcure rubcus ori 


3 
I= 
ae) 
‘a AS 
335 
Fa 
33a 
vo 
abe 
balls: | 
Hh 


£ 2% Tulipaaureaorisrubentibus, 


The gold yellow with red edges} 


20 TulipaPerfica flore rnbro,ovis albidés 
‘ elegans. hy 
The pretty Perfian Tulip hauinga red flouré 
with whitifh edges. a 


a2 Tuhpa 


Lis. 1. Of the Hiftorie of Plants,’ 143 


The fourth kinde of Tulipa, that floureth later, hath leaues, ftalks,and roots like ynto the | 
recedent. The floures hereof be of a skarlet colour, welted or bordered about the edges with 
red, The middle partis like vnto a hart tending towhiteneffe, {potted in the fame whitenes with 
red fpeckles or fpots. The {eed is contained in {quare cods, flat,tough,and finewie. 


¥ 22 Tulipa miniata. ‘ $23 Tulipaalbo cy rubro firiatics, 
The Vermilion Tulip. The white and red ftriped Tulip. 


5 The fift fort of Tulipa, which is neither of the timely ones, norofthe acer flouring fort, 
but one that buddeth forth his moft beautifull floures betweene both. Itagreeth with the laft de. 
{cribed Tulipa, in leaues, ftalkes, roots, and feed, but differeth in floures. The flodre confifteth 
of fix fmal] leaues ioyned togetherat the bottome : the middle of which leaues are of a pleafant 
bloudy colour, the edges be bordered withwhite, and the bortomenext ynto the ftalke is likewife 
white ; the whole floure refembling in colour the bloffomes ofan Apple tree. 

6 The fixth hath leaues, roots, ftalkes, and feed like vnto the former, but much greater in e+ 
uery point. The floures hereofarewhite, dafht about the brimmes or edges with ared or bluth 
colour. The middle partis ftripped confufedly with the fame mixture, wherein is the difference, 

7 Carolus Clufiws {etteth forth in his Pannonicke hiftorie a kinde of Tulipa that beareth faire 
red floures, blacke in the bottome, with a peftel! in the middle of an ouer-worne greenifh colour; 
ofwhich fort there happeneth fome to haue yellow floures, agreeing with the others before tou- 
ched : but this bringeth forth encreafe of root in the bofome of his loweft leafe next to the ftalke, 
contrarie toall the other kindes of Tulipa. 1 

8 Lobelius inhis learned Obferyations hath fet forth many other forts; one he calleth Tulipa 
Chalcedonica, ot the Tutky Tulipa, faying it is the leaft of the final! kindes or Dyarfe Tulipa’s, 
whofe floure is ofa fanguine red colour, vpona yellow ground, agreeing with theothers in roote, 
leafe,and fralke. 

9 Hehath likewife fet forth another ; his floure is like the Lilly in proportion, but in colour 
ofa fine purple. ; 

to We may alfo behold another fort altogether greater than any of the reft, whofe flonre is 
in colour like the {tone called C4methift, not vnlike to the floures of Peonie. 

tt Wehauelikewife another of greater beauty,and very much defired of all, with white 
floures daft on the backfide, witha light wath of watchet colour. wri 

z2 There 


ELLE LA 
144. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisa 


£ 24 Tulipa luteo cy rubro ftriatus. 
"~The redand yellow Fooles coat, 


\ YY ~ 
NW age 
——— > SSS 

a) SS 


¥ 26 Tuliparubra ore pallidis. 
_ Thered Tulipwith pale edges. 


$25 Tulipa flore coloris falphuret 
' ~ ‘The fulphur-coloured Tulip. 


y2  Thereis another alfo in our London gar- 
dens, ofa fhew white colour, the edges flightly 
wafht ouerwitha little of that we call bluth co- 
four. 

13 We haueanother like the former, fauing 
that his floure is of a ftraw colour. 

14 There isanother tobe feenewitha floure 
mixed with ftreaks of red and yellow,tefembling 
a flame of fire, wherupon we haue called it Flam- 
bant. 

There be likewife fo many more differing fo 
notably in colour of their floures, although in 
leaues, ftalke, and roots forthe moft part one like 
another, that (as I faid before) to {peake of them 
feuerally would require a peculiar volume. 

+. Thereforenot totrouble you any further, 
Thaue giuen you onely the figures and names of 
the notableft differences which are in fhape , as, 
the dwarfe Tulipa’s, and the branched ones,toge- 
therwith the colour of their floures, contained in 
their titles, that you need not far to fecke it. £ 

There bea fort greater than the reft,which in 
forme are like ; the leaues whereof are thicke, 
long,broad,now and then fomewhat folded in the 
edges ; inthe middeft whereof doth rife vp a ftalk 
a foot high,or fomthing higher, vpon which ftan- 
deth onely one floure bolt vpright, confifting of 
fix leaues,after a fort like toadeepe wide cup of 
this forme, viz.the bottome turned vpwards,w i 

‘ threads 


Liz... Of the Hiftorie of Plants, : 15 


threds orchiues in the middle, ofthe colour of Satfron. The colour of the floure is fometimes 
yellow, fometimes white, now and then as itwere of alight purple, and many times red; and in 
this there is no {mall varieties of colours, for the edges of the leaues,and oftentimes the nailes or 
lower part of the leaues are now 8 then otherwife coloured than the leaues themfelues, and man y 
times there doth runne all along thefe ftreakes fome other colours. They haue no fmel] at all 
that can be perceiued. The roots of thefe are likewife bulbed » OF Onion fafhion,; every of the 
which to fet forth feuerally would trouble the writer,and wearie the Reader; {0 that,what hath bin 
faid thall fuffice touching the defcription of Tulipa’s, + True itis that our Author here aftirmes, 
The varieties of thefe floures are {0 infinite, that it would both tyre the Writerand Reader to te. 
count them. Yet for that fome are more in loue with floures thanwith Plants in generall,I haue 
thought good to direc them where they may finde fomewhat more at large of this Plant : Let 
fuch therefore as defire further fatisfaction herein haue recourfe to the Florilegies of De Bry, 
Swerts, Robin, or to M. Parkinfon,who hath not onely largely treated of the floures in particular, 
butalfo of the ordering of them. + 


$ 27 Tulipa lutea ferotina. £ 28 Tulipaferotina lutea guttisfanguineis 
The late flouring yellow Tulip. fondo nigro, 
The late Yellow with fanguine {pots 


anda blacke bottome, 


| The Place. 


Tultpa growethwilde in Thracia, Cappadocia, and Italy , in Bizantia about Cohftantinople, 
at Tripolis and Alepo in Syria. They are now common inall the gardens of fuch as affe@ floures, 
allouer England. 

G The Time, 

They floure from theend of Februarie vato the beginning of May, and fomewhat after; al- 
though Augerins Bushequius in his journey to Conftantinople,faw between Hadrianople and Con- 
ftantinople, great aboundance of them in floure euery where,euen in the middeft of Winter,in the 
moneth of Taguarie, which thatwarme and temperate climate may feeme to performe, - 

a The 


" 
t 
if 


SS 


=o 


i 


— 


| 
| 
. 
| 
| 


- 


eee SS 


14.6 Of the Littorie of Plants. Lis. i 


The Names. 

The later Herbarifts by a Turkifh and ftrange name call it Tulipa, of the Dalmatian Cap cal- 
led Tulipa,the forme whereof, the floure when it is open {eemeth to reprefent. 

It is called in Englith after the Turkifh'name Tulipa, or itmay be called Dalmatian Cap, or 
the Turkes Cap, What name the antient Writers gaue it is not certainly knowne. A man 
might fufpect it to be wns, if it were a Bulbe that might be eaten, and were of force to make milke 
cruddy, for Theophraftes reckoneth it among thofe Bulbes that may be eaten: and it is an herbe, 
as He[ychius faith wherewith milke is crudded. Conradue Gefnerus and diuers others haue taken 
Tulipa tobe that Satyrium which is fyrnamed Erythroninm, becaufe one kinde hath ared floure ; or 
altogether a certaine kinde of Satyrium : with which it doth agree reafonable well, if in Déofcorides 
his defeription we may in ftead of wmerinus, reade wuranipie OF necwanus's for fuch miftakes are frequent 
inantientand moderne Authors, both inwriting and printing. Inthe Turky Tongue itis called 
oe alé, and likewife Turbav'and Turfan, of the Turks Cap fo called, as beforefaid of 
Lobelius. ‘ 


$ 29 TalipaHolias alba firijs & punctis + 30 Tulipamediafiture purpurea fundo 
fanguiness. } Po. fubceraleo. 
The white Holias with fanguine A middle Tulip of a deepe Purple 
{pots and ftreakes. colour witha blewifh bottome, 


the Lillies of the field mentioned by our Sa- 
arayed like one of thefe. 
: Firft, their fhape ; for their floures refemble 


fant they grow wilde in the fields. Se- 


condly, the infinite varietie of colour, which is to be found more in this than any other fort of 


+- Idoverily thinke that thefe are the Kerns i228, 
uiour, Jfat.6.28,29. for he faith, That Solorox in all his royaltie was not 
Thercafons that induce me to thinke thus are thefe 
Lillies,and in thefe places whereas our Sauiour was conuer 


floure : and thirdly,the wondrous beautieand mixtures of thefe floures. This is my opinion, and 
sth I I : m 
thefe my reafons, which any may either approue of or gainfay as he fhall thinke good. + 


rhe Temperatureand Vertwes. ; ' 
There hath not beene any thing fetdowneof the antient or later Writers as touching the Na- 


ture or Vertues of the Tulipa’s, but they are efteemed efpecially for the beauty of their rare 
; he 


a a 


Lis. 1. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. May 


} 


+ -Theroots preferued with fugar, or otherwife drefled, may beeaten, and areno vapleafant 
nor any way Offenfiue meat, but rather good and nourifhing, ¢ 


Cuar. 88. Of Bulbous Violets. 


@ The Kindes. 

Heophraftws hath mentioned one kinde of bulbous Lexcoion, w hich Gafa tranflates Viola alba, 
orthe white Violet. Of this Viola T heophrafti, or Theophraftus his Violet,we haue obferued 
three forts,whereof fome bring forth many floures and leaues,otlicrs fewer; ome floure very 

-tarly,and others later,as fhall be declared, 


x Leucoium bulbofim pracox minus. $ 2 Leucoinm bulbofim precox ByXantinum, 
Timely flouring bulbous Violet, The Byzantine early bulbous Violer. 


Calosthid ww ile 


@ The De Cription. 


I He firft of thefe bulbous Violets rifeth out ofthe ground, with two fmall leaues flac 
and crefted, ofan ouerworne greene colour, betweene the which rifeth vpafmall and 
j tender ftalke of two hands high ; at the top whereofcommeth forth ofa skinny hood 
a final! white floure of the bignefle ofa Violet, compact of fix leaues, three bigger,and three lef 
fer, tipped at the points with a light greene: the {maller are fathioned into the vulgar forme of a 
heart, and pretily edged about with greerie ; the other three leaues are longer,and fharpe pointed. 
Thewhole floure hangeth downe his head, by reafon of the weake foot ftalke wheteon it groweth. 
The root is fmall, white, and bulbous. } 
$2  Thereare two varieties of this kind which differ little ia fhape, but the firft hath a floure 
asbigge againe as the ordinarie one, and Clafius calls it Leucoium buibofim precox Byzdittinum, The 
Sreater carly Conftantinopolitan bulbous Violet. The other is mentioned by Lobel, and differs 
Onely in colour of floures ; wherefore he calls it Leecoinm triphyllum flore cerwleo, The blew floured 
bulbous Violet. 


7 
The 
3, LAE 


A 


° 
148 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. t. 


3 Lencoinm bulbofum ferotinum. 


Late flouring bulbous Violet. 


% 5 Leucoivm bulbofum Autumnale mi- 
nimun. 


The leaft Autumne bulbous Violet. 


4 Leucoinm bulbofum majuspolyanthemum . 
The many floured great bulbous violet. 
ALOU astirv mU11~)\ 


5 


row leaues like thofe of the lecke, but leffer and 


{moother, not vnlike to the leaues of the baftard 
Daffodill. The ftalks be flender and naked, two 
hands high , whereupon doe grow faire white 
floures, tipped with a yellowifh greene colour, 
with many fmall chiues or threds in the middeft 
of the floure. The feed is contained in fmal round 
buttons, The root is white and bulbous. 

4  Thegreat bulbed Violetis like vnto the 
third in ftalkeand leaues, yet greater and higher, 
It bringeth forth on euery ftalke not one floure 
onely, but fiue or fix, blowing or flouring one af- 
tef another, altogether like the other floures in 
forme and bigneffe. 

+ 5 This finall bulbous plant may be annexed 
tothe former , the root is {mall, compa& of ma- 
ay coats : the leaues are alfo fmall,and the ftalke 
an handfull high, at the top whereof there hang 
downe one or two fmall white floures confifting 
of fix leaues a piece , much refembling the laft 
defcribed,but farre leffe. It floures in Autumne. 

6 Befides thefe, C/ufivs makes mention of a 
{mall on¢ much like this, and it floures in the 
Spring, and the floures are fomewhat reddifh 
nigh rhe ftalke, and fmell feet. C/ufivs cals this, 
Leucoinm bulbofum vernum wminimun, The {malleft 


Spring bulbous Violet. ¢ 


q The 


nae 


List Of the Hiftory of Plants. 149 


@) The Place. 


Thefe plants do grow wilde in Italy and the places adiacent. Novwithftanding our London 

gardens haue taken pofieffion of moft of them many yeares paft. 
The T tine. 

The firft floureth in the beginning of Ianuary; the fecond in September ; and the third in May; 

the reft at their feafons mentioned in their defcriptions. 
@ The Names. 
tf The firlt is called of Theophraftus, swans which GaXa renders Viola alba, and Viola Bulbofa, ox 

Bulbed Violet. Lobelivs hath from the colourand {hape called it Lewconarciffolirioz, and that very 
properly, confidering how it doth as it were participate of two fundry plants, that is to fay, the 
root of the Narci/fus, the leaues of the fmall Lilly, and the white colour; taking the firlt part Zex- 
eo, of his whitenefle ; Marcio, of the likenefle the roots haue vnto Narciffws 3and Lirium, of the 
Jeaues of Lillies, as aforefaid. In Englith we may call ithe bulbous Violet , or after the Dutch 
hame, Soarmter lottekens ; that is, Sommer fooles, and Dpuvlkens. Some call them alfo Snow 
drops. This name Leucoinm,without his Epithite Bulbofum,is taken for the Wall-floure,and ftock 
Gillofloure, by all moderne Writers, 


@| The Nature and V ertues. 


Touching the faculties of thefe bulbous Violets we haue nothing to fay,feeing that nothing is 
fer downe hereof by the antient Writers, nor any thing obferued by the modderne, only they are 


Maintained and cherifhed in gardens for the beautie and rareneffe of the floures,and fweetnefle of 
their {mell. 


Cuar. 89. Of Lurkie or Ginny-hen Floure. 


% Frittillaria. 2 Frittillaria variegata. 


Cheequered Daffodil!; Changeable Checquered Daffodil, 
Settillariio. Inelrog es 


N a Th 


150 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisa 


@| The Defcription. 

I He Checquered Daffodill, or Ginny-hen Floure,hath {mall narrow graffie leaues ; a- 
mong which thete rifeth vp a ftalke three hands high, hauing at the top one or two 
floures, and fometimes three, which confifteth of fix {mall leaues checquered mot 

ftrangely : wherein Nature, or rather the Creator of all things, hath kepta very wonderfull order, 
furpaffing (as inall other things) the curioufeft painting that Artcan fet downe. One fquare is 
ofa greenith yellow colour, the other purple, keeping the fame order as well on the backfide of 
the floure, as on the infide, although they are blackifh in one fquate, and ofa Violet colour in an 
other , infomuch that euery leafe feemeth tobe the feather of a Ginny hen, whereofit tooke his 
name. Theroot is fmall,white, and of the bigneffe ofhalfe a garden beane. 

2 The fecondkindeof Checquered Daffodil] is like vnto the former in each refpe&, fauing 

that this hath his floure dafht ouer witha light purple, and is fomewhat greater than the other, 
wherein confifteth the difference. : 


+ 3 Frittillaria Aquitanica minor flore £ 9 Frittillaria alba precox. 
Iutco obfoleto. The early white Fritillarie. 


The leffer darke yellow Fritillarie, 


+ Thereare fundry differences and varieties of this floure,taken from the colour, largenes,dou- 
bleneffe, earlineffe and latenes of flouring, as alfo from the many or few branches bearing floures. 
Wewill onely fpecifie their varieties by their names, feeing their forme differs little ftom thofe 
» -you haue here deferibed. 

‘4 Fritillariamaximaramofapurpurea. ‘The greateft branched purple checquered Daffodill. 

5 Fritillaria florepurpureo pleno. Thedouble purple floured checquered Daffodil. 

6 pri polyanthos flanoviridis, The yellowith greene many floured checquered Daffo- 

lil. 

7 Fritillarialutea Someri. Somershis yellow Checquered Daffodill. 

8 Fritillariaalba purpureo teffulata. The white Fritillarie checquered with purple. 
Fritillariaalbaprecox. The early white Fritillarie or Checquered Daffodill. 

10 Fritillariaminor flore luteo abfoleto. The leffer darke yellow Fritillarie. 

11 Fritillariaangu(t:folialutes variegata paruo flore, & altera flore majore. Nasrow leaued yellow 

variegated Fritillarie with {mall floures , and another with a larger floure. 

12 Fritillariaminrea pluribus floribos. The leaft Fritillarie with many floures, 


% 


” 


3. Fritil 


eo ag a a se 


Lis. t Of the Hifttory of Plants. 151 


Fritillaria Hifpanica gynbellifera, The Spanith Fritillarie with the floures ftanding as it were in 
anvmbell, + 


The Names. 

The Ginny hen floure is called of Dodoneus, Flos Meleagris : of Lobelius,Lilio-narciffirs Variegata, 
for that it hath the floure of a Lilly,and the root of Nurcifus-it hath beene called Fritillaia,ofthe 
table or boord vpon which men play at Chef, which fquare checkers the floure doth very much 
refemble; fome thinking that itwas named Fritillus whereof there is no certaintie; for cazarti- 
alis feemeth to call Fritillus, Abacws,or the Tables whereat men play at Dice, in the fifth Booke of 
his Epigrams, writing to Gala. « 


Tam triftis, nucibus puer relidtis, 
Clamofo renocatur a magiftro : 
Et blando male proditus Fritillo 
Arcanamodo raptus t popina " 
eAidilem rocatvudus aleator. &c. 
The fad Boy now his nuts caft by, 
Call'd vnto Schole by Matters cry’: 
And the drunke Dicer now betray’d 
By flattring Tables as he play'd, 
Is from his fecret tipling houfe drawne out, 
Although the Officer he much befought. &e. , 
In Englith we may call it Turky-hen or Ginny-hen Floure, and alfo Checquered Daffodil, and 
Fritillarie, according to the Latine. 
; G] The Temperature and V ertues. : 
Of the facultie of thefe pleafant floures there is nothing fet downe in the antient or later Wri- 
ter, but are greatly efteemed forthe beautifying of our gardens,and the bofoms of the beautifull. 


Cuar. 90. Oftrue Saffron, and the wilde or Spring Saffrons, 


Crocus florens ¢ fine flore. Saffronwith and without floure, 
Cocug gotug 


B 


152  . Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. Liwie 


The Defcription. r) 

Lthough I haue exprefled two pi@ures of Saffrons,as you fee, yet are you to vnderftand thar 
thefe two do but fet forth one kinde of plant,which could not fo eafily be perceiued by one 
picture as by two,becaufe his floure doth firft rife out of the ground nakedly in September, 

and his long fmal graffy leaues fhortly after the floure,neuer bearing floure and leafe at once. The 
which to expreffe,{ thought it conuenient to fet downe two pictures before you,with this defcrip- 
tion, viX. The root is {mall, round, and bulbous. The floure confifteth of fixe {mall blew leaues 
tending to purple, bauing in the middle many fmall yellow ftrings or threds ; among which are 
two, three, or more thicke fat chiues of a fierie colour fomewhat réddifh, of a ftrong fmell when 
they be dried, which doth ftuffe and trouble the head. The firft picture fetteth forth the Plant 
when it beareth floures, and the other expreffeth nothing but leaues, 


I Crocus vernus. 2 Crocus vernus minor. 
Early flouring wilde Saffron. Y Small wilde Saffron, 


@ The Place, 
Common, or the beft knowne Saffron groweth plentifully in Cambridge-fhire, Saffron-VVal- 
den, and other places thereabout, as corne in the fields, 
a The Time. 
Saffron beginneth to floure in September, and prefently after {pring vp the Ieaues,and remaine 
greene all the Winter long. 


q The Names. 

Saffron is called in Greeke, xpxss: in Latine, Crocus: in Mauritania, Saffaray : in Spanith,4¢a- 

fron : in Englith, Saffron :in the Arabicke tongue, Zahafaran. 
q] The Temperature. 

Saffron isa Jittle aftringent or binding, but his hot qualitie doth fo ouer-rule in it,that in the 
whole effence it is in the number of thofe herbes which are hot in the fecond degree, and drie in 
the firft : therefore it alfo hath a certaine force toconcoé, which is furthered by the {mall aftri- 
étion that is in it,as Galen faith. 

: @ The Vertues. 

Auicen afirmeth that it caufeth head-ache, and is hurtfull to the braine, which it cannot do by 
taking it now and then, but by too much vfing of it: fortoo much vfing of it cutteth off fleepe, 
through want whercof the head and fences are out of frame. But the moderate vfe of it is good 
for the head, and maketh the fences more quicke and liuely,fhaketh off heauy and drowfie fleepe, 
and maketha man merry. 

Alfo Saffron ftrengthneth the heart, concoéeth crudeand raw humors of the cheft , openeth 
the lungs, and remoueth obftructions, é - 

Itis 


itn hh. ea aoc 
Lis. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 3 
I ee 


$ 3 Crocus vernus flore luteo, £ 4 Crocus vernus flore albo. 


|” “Yellow Spring Saffron, White Spring Saffron, 


E § Crocus versus flore purpureh _ 6 Crocus montanis Auturnalis: 
Purple Spring Saffrony ” Autumne mountaine Saffron) 


Goud mermrud _ Eee 5 mre lorard — ese 


N 3 ¥ 7 Crocus 


154. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz. Ie 


Cc 


Iris alfo fucha fpeciall remedic for thofe that haue confumption of the lungs,andare, as wee 
terme it, at deaths doore, and almoft paft breathing, that itbringeth breath again,and prolongeth 
life for certaine dayes, if ten,or twentie graines at the moft be giuen with new or fiveet Wine. For 
we haue found by often experience, that being taken in that fort, it prefently and ina moment re- 
moueth away difficultie of breathing, which moft dangeroufly and fuddenly hapneth. 


D. Diofcorides teacheth, That being giuen in the fame fort it is alfo good againft a furfet. 


E 


fF 
G 


H 


It is commended againft the ftoppings of the liuer and gall, and againft the yellow Taundife : 
And hereupon Diofcorideswriteth, That it maketh a manwell coloured. It is put intoall drinkes 
that are made to helpe the difeafes of the intrailes, as the fame Authour affirmeth, and into thofe 
efpecially which bringdowne the floures, the birth,and the after burthen. It prouoketh vrine, 
frreth flethly luft, and is vfed in Cataplafines and pulteffes for the matrix and fundament, and 
alfo in plaifters and feare-cloaths which ferue for old fivellings and aches, and likewife for hot 
fwellings that haue alfo inthem S. Anthonies fire. 


£ 7 Crocus montanus Ai utumnalis flore 
majore albido ceruleo, 
Autumne mountaine Saffron with 
a large whitith blew floure. 


£ 8 Crocus Autummalis flore albo. 
White Autumne Saffron. 


It is with good fucceffe put into compofitions for infirmities of the eares. 

The eyes being annointed with the fame diffolued in milke, or fennel] or rofe water 
ued from being hurt by the {mall poxand meafels, and are defended thereby from hu 
would fallintothem. 

The chiues fteeped in water, ferue to illumine or (as we fa 
fo to colour fundry meats and confections. Itiswith 
The confections called Crocomagna, Oxycroceum, and 
and ele@uaries cannot be made without this Saffron. 

The weight of tenne graines of Saffron, the kernels of Wall-nut 
ces, Mithridate one dram, and a few fage leaues, ftamped together with a fufficient quantitie of 
Pimpernel! water, and made intoa matffe or lumpe, and kept ina glaffe for your vfe, and thereof 
tivelue graines giuen in the morning fafting,preferueth from the Peftilence,and expelleth it from 
thofe that are infe&ed. t ig 


sare prefer- 
mours that 


y) limne pictures and imagerie,as al- 
good fucceffe giuen to procure bodily luft. 
Diacarcuima, with diuers other emplaifters 


s two ounces, Figges two oun- 


@ The 


Lies Ie OF the Hiftorie of Plants. 155 


F 9 Crocus vernns angaftifolius flore violacea, ; £10 Crocus vernus latifolius ‘flore flano 
Narrow leaued Spring Saffron SPrijs violaceis,” 
with a violet floure, Broad leaued Spring Safton with 


a yellow floure & purple freaks, 


¥ 11 Crocus veraus latifoline firiatus flore 
duplict. 
Double floured ftreaked Spring 
Saffron. 


@ The Kindes of Spring Saffron 


F wilde Saffrons there be fundry forts, 
differing as well in the colour of the 
floures, as alfo in the time of their flou- 

ring. Ofwhich, mof of the figures fhall be fet 
forth vnto you. 


@ TheD efcription of wilde Saffron. 


1 He firft kind of wilde Saffron hath 
{mall fhort graffie Icaues,furrowed 
or chanelled downe the mid{t with 

awhite line or ftreake: among the leaues rife vp 
{mall floures in fhape like vnto the common 
Saffron, but differing in colour ; for this hath 
floures of mixt colours 3 that is to fay, the 
ground of the floure is white, ftripped vpon the 
backe with purple, and dafht ouer on the infide 
with a bright fhining murrey colour ; the other 
not. In the middle of the floures come forth 
many yellowith chiues, without any {mel of faf- 
fronatall, The root is {mall,round,and couered witha browne skinne or filme like vnto the roots 
ofcommon Saffron. 

2 The fecond wilde Saffron in leaues, roots, and floures is like vnto the precedent, but alto- 

gether leffer,and the floures of this are of a purple violet colour. 

3 Wehauelikewife inour London gardens another fort, like vnto the other wilJe Saffrons 


in 


| 
i) 


came 


—— Ss 


See 


156 


\ 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


+ 12 Crocus vernus latifolius florepurpureo. 
Broad leaued Spring Saffron 
with the purple floure. 


14. Crocus vernus laiifolius flore flauo- 


vario duplici. 


Broad leaued Spring Saffron with a 
double floure yellow & ftreaked. 


Linn 


£13 Crocus vernus flore cinereo firiato. 
Spring Saftronwithan Afh-co- 
loured ftreaked floure. 


in every point, fauing that this hath floures of 
a moft perfe& fhinihg yellow colour, feeming 
a fat off to bea hot glowing cole of fire, which 
maketh the difference. ~~ 

4.~ There is found among Herbarifts ano- 
ther fort, not differing from the others, fauing 
thet this hathwhite Houres,contrarie to all the 
reft. ‘ : 

5 Louers of Plants haue gotten into their 
gardens one forthereof with purple or Violet 
coloured floures, in other refpects like vnto the 
other. 

6 Ofthefe we haueanother that floureth 
in the fall of the leafe,with floures like to the 
common Saffron, but deftitute of thofe chiues 
which yeeld the colour, finell, or tafte that the 
right manured Saffron hath. 

# 7 Andof this laftkinde there is ano- 
ther with broader leaues, and the floure alfo is 
larger, with the leaues thereof not fo fharpe 
pointed, but more round ; the colour being at 
the firft whitith, but afterwards intermixt with 
fome blewnefle. + 

8 There isalfo another of Autumne wild 
Saffrons with white floures, which fets forth 
the diftinGion. 

Many forts there are in our gardens befides 
thofe before fpecified, which I thought need- 
leffe to entreat of,becaufe their vfe is not great. 
+ Therefore I willonly giue the figures and. 
names of fome of the chiefe ofthem, and refer 
fuch as delight to fee or pleafe themfelues 
with the varieties (for theyare no fpecificke 
differences) of thefe plants, to the gardens and 
the bookes of Florifts, who are onely the 
preferuers and admirers of thefe varieties,not 


fought after for any vfe but delight. + 
@ The 


List Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Sage 


«| The Place, 
~ Allthefe wilde Safftons we haue growing in our London Gardens. Thofe which doc foure in 

Autumne do grow vpon certaine craggy rockes in Portugall, not far from the fea fide. The other 
haue been fent ouervnto vs,fome out of Italy,and fome out of Spaine,by the labour and di livence 
of that notable learned Herbarift Carolus Clufias ; out of whofe ‘Obferuations, and partly by fee. 
ing them in our owne gardens, we haue fet downe their defcriptions. 

That pleafant plant that bringeth forth yellow floures was fent vntome from Robinus of Paris, 
that painfull and moft curious fearcher of Simples. i 

f @ The Time. 

They floure for the moft part in Tanuarie and Februarie ; that ofthe mountain excepted.which 

foureth in September. 


@ The Names. 
All thefe Saffrons are vnprofitable, and therefore they be truly faid to be Croci /fluefres,or wild 
Saffrons: in Englith, Spring Saffrons, and vernall Saffrons. 
G| The Temperature and Vertues. 
Of the faculties of thefe we haue nothing to fet downe,for thaf as yet there is no knowne vie of 
them in Phyficke. : 


— 2 ee ee = 


Guar. on. Of Med» Saffron. 


@ The Kindes, 


i ssi be fundry forts of Medow Saffrons differing very notably aswell in the colout of their 
floures, as alfo in ftature and Countrey, from whence they had their being, as fhall be de- 
clared. pee 


X Colchicum Anelicuns Purpuream, 2 Colchicum Ancglicum album. 
Purple Englith Medow Saffron) _ White Englith Medow Saffron; 
CoCaie CLAN, aati ale CP brite “ wutririi00<481£ 
is 


Ses 


IVS 
ZN 


q] Te 


iene oui 
158 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisia 


a 


q The Defcription. 

Edow Saffron hath three or foure leaues rifing immediately forth of the ground, 
long, broad, fmooth, fat, much like tothe Jeaues of the white Lilly in forme and 
{moothneffe : in the middle whereof {pring vp three or foure thicke cods of the big- 

neffe ofa {mall Wall-nut, ftanding vpon fhort tender foor-ttalkes three {quare,and opening them- 
felues when they beripe, full of feed fomething round, atid of a blackith red colour:and when 
this feed is ripe, the leaues together with the ftalkes doe fade and fall away. In September the 
floures bud forth, before any Jeaues appeare,ftanding vpon fhort tender and whitith {terames,like 
in forme and colour to the floures of Saffron, hauingin the middle {mall chiues or threads of a 
pale yellow colour, altogether vnfit for meat or medicine. The root is round or bulbous, {harper 
at theoneend thanat the other, flat on the one fide, hauing a deepe clift or furrow in the fame flat 
fide when it floureth, and not at any time elfe : itis couered with blackifh coats or filmes, it fen- 
deth downevnto the loweft part certaine ftrings or threds, The root it felfe is full ofa white fub- 
ftance, yeelding a juyce like milke,whileft it is greene and newly digged out of the earth, It is in 
tafte fweet,with a little bitterneffe followingswhich draweth water out of the mouth. 


3 Colchicum Pannonicum florens em fine flore. 


Hungary mede Saffron with and without Floure. 


SE 


= 


AANA 
SSE EERE 


+ The fecond kinde of Mede Saffron is like the precedent, differing onely in the colour of 
the floures, for that this plant doth bring forth white leaues, which of fome hath beene taken for 
the true Hermodaétylus ; but in fo doing they haue committed the greater error. 

3 Thcfetwo figures expreffe both but oneand the felfe fame plant, which is diftinguithed 
beeaufe it neuerbeareth floures and leaues both at one time. So that the firft figure fets it forth 
when it isin leaues and feed, and the other when it floureth ; and therefore one defeription fhall 
{affice forthem both. Inthe Spring of the yeare it bringeth forth his leaues, thicke, fat, fhining, 
and fmooth, not vnlike the leaues of Lillies, which do continue greene vnto the end of Iune; at 
which time the leaues dowither away,but in thebeginning of September there fhooteth forth of 
the ground naked milke white floures without any greene leafe atall: but fo foone as the Plant 
hath done bearing of floures, the root remaines inthe ground , not fending forth any thing vatill 


Febrwarie in the yeare following, 
Tt 


Lis.1. Of the Hittorie ‘of Plants, 159 


+  Itbeares plentifull ftore of reddith feed in loofe triangular heads. The toot heteof is bio- 
ger than that of the laft defcribed. + 3 

t 4 The fmallmedow Saffron hath three or foure thicke fat leaues natrower than any of 
thereft. The floure appeareth in the fall of the leafe, in fhape,colour,and manner of growing like 
the common mede Saffron, but ofa more reddith purple colour, and altogether leffer. The leaues 
in this, contrarie to the nature of thefe plants, prefently follow after the tloure, and fo continue 
all the Winter and Spring, even vntill May orlune, Therootis bulbous, and not great; it is co- 
ueredwith many blackifh red coats, and is white within, 

# 5 Thismedow Saffron hath roots and leaues like to thofeof the laft deferibed , but the 
leaues of the floure are longer and narrower, and the colour ofthem is white on the infide,greene 
on the middle of the backe part, and the reft thereof of a cettaine fleth colour, 


4 Colchicum montanum minus Hifpanicum cum flore c femine, 
Small Spanifh medow Saffton in floure and feed, 


6 The medow Saffron of Illyria hath a great thicke and bulbous root, full of fub ftance:from 
whieh rifeth vpa fat, thicke,and groffe ftalke, fet about from the lower part to the top by equal] 
diftances, with long, thicke, and groffe leaues, fharpe pointed, not vnlike to the leaues of leckes A 
among which leaues do grow yellowith floures like vnto the Englifh medow Saffton,but {maller, 

7_ The Affyrian medow Saffron hath a bulbous root, made as it were of two pieces ; from the 
middle cleft whereof rifeth vpa foft and tender ftalke fet with faire broad leaues from the middle 


to the top :among which commeth forth one fingle floure like vnto the common medow Saffron. 
P g 8 9 


orthe white Anemone of Matthiolus defcription, ‘i 

8 The mountaine wilde Saffton is a bafeand low plant,but in fhape altogether like the com- 
mon medow Saffron, but much leffer, The foures are {maller, and ofa yellow colour, which fer. 
teth forth the difference, + The leaues and roots (as Clufias affirmes) are more like to the Narcif: 
fes ,and therefore he calls this Narciffies Antumnalis minor, The \efler Autumne Narciffe, t 

# 9  This,whofe figure we here giue you,is by Clufius called Colchicum Byzantinum latifolium, 
The broad leaued Colchicum of Conftantinople. The leaues of this are notin forme and magni- 
tude much vnlike to thofe of the white Hellebor, neither leffe neruous, yet more greene. It beares 
many floures in Autunine, fo that there come fometimes twenty from one root, Their formea 
colour are much like the ordinarie fort, but that thefe are larger, and haue thicker falkes. They 


160 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. , Lisaa 


are ofa lighter purple without, and ofa deeperon the infide,and they are marked with certaine 


veines running alongft thefe leaues. The roots and feeds of this plantare thrice as large as thofe 


of the common kinde. 
zo ©Thishathrootsand leau 
ypon a fhorter ftalke, fo that itrifes but little 
difh purple; the three out leaues are either wholly white, 
or ftreaked with faire purple veins,or {potted with fuch co 
are blunter and rounder than in the common kinde. 
tr Thisin leaves, roots, manner and time of growing, as alfo inthe colour of the floures,dif- 
by the figure here expreffed, 


es like to the firft defcribed, but the floure is fhorter,and_growes 
aboue the earth: the three inner leaues are of a red- 
or purplifh on the middle in the infide, 
loured {pots : all the leaues of the floure 


fers not from the firlt defcribed, but the floures, as you may perceiuc 
are very double, and confift of many leaues. 


6 Colchicum tlyricum. 
Greeke medow Saffron. 


$ 5 Colchicum montannm minys ver fico. 
lore flore. 
Theleffer mountaine Saffron with 
avarious coloured floure. 


LEED 


This Colchicum differs little from the firft ordinarie one, butthat the floures are fomewhat 
igger thanthe three inner leaues ; the colour is a lite 
herein the principall difference confifts, 
and Autumne: and hence Clufivs hath 


12 
leffe,and the three out-leaues are fomwhat b 


tle deeper alfo than that of the common one ; but thatw 
is, Thatthis floures twice ina yeate, to wit, inthe Spring 
called it Colchicum biflorum, Twice-flouring Mede Saffron. 

13. Thisalfointhethape of the root and Ieaues isnot much different from the ordinary, but 


the leaues of the floure are longer and narrower, the colour alfo when they begin to open and fhew 
them(felues,is white, but fhortly after they are changed into a light purple seach leafe of the 
floure hath a white thread tiptwith yellow growing outofit, and in the middle ftands a white 
three forked one longerthan the reft. The floure growes vp between three or foure le 
than thofe of the ordinarie one, and broader than thofe of the fmall Spanifh kinde. 
whomwe are beholden for this, as alfo for moft of thereft,calls it Colchicum vernum , OF Spring 
Mede- Saffron, becaufe it then floures together with the Spring Saffrons and Dogs Tooth. 


14 Thereare other Mede-Saffrons befides thefe Thaue mentioned, but becaufethey may be 
referred 


aues natrower 
Clufiss , to 


Lis. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 161 


7 Colchicum Syriacum Alexandrinum. referred cafily to fome of thefe, for that their dif. 
Affyrian Mede Saffron, ference chiefely confitts either iti the doublenéffe 
or colour of the floures, whereof fome are Rtriped, 
fome fraided, others variegated, I will norinfitt 
vpon them, but referre fuch as defire their further 
acquaintance to look into the gardens of our Flo- 
rifts, as\'M. Parkinfons, M. Tazeies, rc.orelfe into 
the booke of floures fet forth not long fince py 
M. Parkinfow, where they fhall finde them largely 
treated of. Yet Iicawnot paffe ouer in filence that 
curious Colchicum which is called by fome,Colchi- 
cum variegatum Ghienfé, The floure thereof is ver 
beautiful, confifting of fix pretty broad and fharp 
pointed leaues, all curioufly checkered over with 
deepe blew or purple, the reft of the floure being 
of a lightwhitith colour: the leaues,that rife vpin 
the S pring, are nor very long,but fomewhat broad 
and fharpe pointed, the root is like others of this 
kinde. I haue giuen you an exact and large figure 
of this,as I tooke it from the growing floure fome 
three yeares agone, it being at that time among ft 
her Maiefties Houres kept at Edgcombe in Surry, 
in the garden of my much honoured friend Siz 
John Tunftal, Gentleman Vfher vnito her Maie- 
ttie. 

15 I giue yowhere in this place the true Her- 
moda&ill of the fhops, which probably by all is 
adiudged td this Tribe,though none can certain- 

: ly fay what floures or leaues it bearcs : the Roots 
are onely brought to vs, and from what place I 
cannot tell; yet I conie@ure from fome part of 
Syria or the adiacent countries. Now how hard 

it is to iudge of Plants by one part or particle,I fhall thew you more at large when I come totreat 
of Pi/tolochia, wherefore I will fay nothing thereof in this place. Thefe roors,which wanting the 
maligne qualitie of Colchicum, either of their owne nature, or by drinefle,are commonly about the 
bigneffe ofa Chefnut, fmooth, flattith, and fharpe at the one end, but fomewhat full at the other, 
and onthe one fide there is a little channell or hollowneffe , as is in the roots of Mede-Saffron 
where the ftalke of the floure comes vp. Their colour is'either white, browne, or blackith on the 
outfide, and very white within, but thofe are the beft that arewhite both without and within, and 
may eafily be made intoa fine white meale or pouder. + 


8 Colchicum parvum montanum luteum, 
Yellow mountaine Saffron. 


162 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. bisa 


q The Place. 

Medow Saffron, or Colchicum, eroweth in Meffinia, and in the Ifle of Colchis, whereofit tooke 
his name. The titles of the reft do fet forth their natiue countries , notwith{tanding our London 
gardens are poffeffed with the moft part of them. 

The two firft do grow in England in great aboundance,in fat and fertile medowes,as about Vil- 
ford and Bathe,as alfo in the medowes necre toa {mall village inthe Weft part of England,called 
Shepton Mallet, in the medowes about Briftoll, in King ftroppe medow neere vnto a Water-mill 
as you go from Northampton to Holmeby Houfe, vpon the right hand of the way,and likewife in 
great plenty in Nobottle wood two miles from the faid towne of Northampton,and many other , 
places. + The reft for the moft part may be found in the gardens of the Florifts among vs, $ 


£ 9 Colchicum latifolium, Broad leaued Mede Saffron, 


*uOlyeS opr pamnojoo-Ayeg *9aoxfa40j00%f 4a: tnd1q9I0) OL F 


a The Time. 
The leaues ofall the kindes of Mede-Saftron do begin to fhew themfelues in Februarie ; The 
{eed isripe inIune. The leaues,ftalkes,and fecd do perifh in Iuly,and their pleafant floures doe 
come forth of the ground in September. 


@ The Names. 

Diofcorides calleth Medow Saffron Keys : fome, Fofuyw + Notwithftanding there is another Ephe- 
mero which is not deadly. Diuers name it in Latine Bulbus agreftis, or wild Bulbe : inhigh Dutch 
it is called Zettioofer in low Dutch, Célteloofer : in French, Mort an Chien. Some haue taken 
itto be the true Hermodadtyl, yet falfely. Other fome call it Filius ante Patrem, although there is 
akinde of Lyfivzachia or Loofe-firife fo called,becaufe it firft bringeth forth his long cods with 
feed, and then the floure after, or at the fame time at the end of the faid cod. Butin this Mede- 
Saffron it is far otherwife,becaufe'it bringeth forth leaues in Februarie,feed in May,and floures in 
September, which is a thing cleane contrarie to all other plants whatfoeuer, for that they do firft 
floure, and after feed ; but this Saffron feedeth firft, and foure moneths after brings forth floures : 
and therefore fome haue thought this a fitname for it, Filius ante Patrem:and we accordingly may 
: cal] 


List. Of the Hittory of Plants. 163 


! £ 11 Colchicum flore pleno. ¢ 12 Colchicum biflorum, 
Double floured Mede-Saffron. Twice-flouring Mede-Saffron, 


¥ 13 Colchicumvernum, £ 14. Colchicum variegtum Chicnfe. 
Spring Mede-Saffron, Checquered Mede SaffronofChio, 


( ; 
. 


V 


& Ty Ti tye 


aA. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Desist 


— 


$ 15 Hermodactytt Officinaram, call it, The Sonne before the Father. 
The true Hermodaétyls of the fhops. + Our Author in this chapterwas ofmany 

mindes ; for firft, in the defeription of Colch:- 
cum Anglicum, being the fecond , hee reproues 

fuch as make that white floured Colchicum the 

true Hermodaétyl. Then inthe defcription of 
the cighth he hath thefe words, which being 
omitted in that place I here fet downe. Of all 
thofe kindes (faith he) of Meaow Saffrons it hath 

not beenc certainly knowne whith hath been the true 
Hermodactyll , notwithftanding wee baue certaine 
knowledge that the Illyrian Colchicum is the Phyftcall 
Hermodadtyll, Yet when he comes tofpeake of 
the names, after that out of Dodoneus he had fer 
downe the truth in thefe words ; But xotwithftan- 
ding that Hermodadtyllwhichwe do vfe 1m compound 
medicines, differeth from this (to wit,Colchicum )in 
many notable points, for that the true Hermodactyll 
hath a bulbeor round root, which being dried conti~ 
aucth very white within, and without not wrinkled 
at all, but full and {mooth,of ameane hardneffe ; and 
thathehad outofthe fame Authour alledged 
the words of Valerius Cordus and Auicen,(which 
are here omitted) he concludes contrarie to the 
truth, his firft admonition, and fecond affer- 
tion, That the white Medow Saffron which we 
hauein the Weft part of England, growing 
efpecially about Shepton Mallet, is the Her- 
modaétyll vfed in fhops. 

Thofe we haue in fhops feeme tobe the Her- 
modadétyls of Paulus Aigineta, yetnot thofe of 
Nicholaus and A@uarins whichwere cordial,and 

increafers of {perme ; thewhich the Authors of the Aduerfaria, pag. 55. thinke to be the Behen al- 
bum ¢ rubrum of the Arabians. And tothefe ynknowne ones are the vertues fer downe by our Au- 
thor inthe third place vnder C, tobereferred. + 
The Temperature. 
Medow Saffron is hot and dry in the fecond degree. 
The V ertues of Hermodactyls . 

+ The roots of Hermodaétyls are of force to purge, andare properly giuen (faith Pawlys) to 
thofe tharhaue the Gout, euen then when the humors are in flowing. And they are alfo hurtful ro 
the ftomacke. 

The fame ftamped, and mixed with the whites of egges, barley meale, and crums of bread, and 
applied plaifterw ife,eafe the paine of the Gout, fwellings and aches about the ioynts. 

The fame ftrenethneth, nourifheth, and maketh good iuyce,encreafeth {perme or natural feed, 
and is alfo good tocleanfe vleers or rotten fores. 

q The correction. 

The pouder of Ginger, long Pepper, Annife feed or Cumine feed, and a little Mafticke, cor- 
reéteth the churlith working of that Hermodaétyll which is vfed in Shops. But thofe which 
haue eaten of the common medow Saffron muft drinke the milke of a cow, or elfe death prefently 
enfueth. 


° 
q The Danger. 

Theroots of all the forts of Mede Saffrons are very hurtful! to the ftomacke , and being eaten 
they kill by choaking,as Mufhromes do, according vnto Déofcorides ; whereupon fome haue called 
it Colchicum ftrangulatorium. 

s t That which was fer forth by oar Author in the fourth place, vnder the title of Colchicum montanum mirus, was nothing but the former Colchicum minus expreffed 
infeed. The ninth and tenth were the fame with the firlt and fecond. The fixth and feuenth, which are Colchicum IUyricum and Syriacum I haue ieft with their fi- 


gores and hiftorie, though they be tufpeéted to be counterfeits 5 and Clufius probably geffes, thac the latter is the Apcnnine Tulip, the Painter making the leaues of 
the floure too round, and thofe of the plant too bpoadand fhort. + 
Cuap. 


* deer. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 105, 


Cuar. 92 Of Starre.of Bethlem, 


q The Kindes. 
Here be fundry forts of wilde field Onions called Starres of Bethlehem , differing in ftatute, 
T tafte, and fmell, as fhall be declared, 


1 Ornithocalum,. ; 2 Ornithogalum lutenm, fine Cepa agraria, 
Star of Bethlehem, _ Yellow,orwilde Starof Bethlehem, 
Owilleeg tin unl ellatinn... Anantha galnnn Crean 
= \ F { EFS, I 
( > K 


| The Defcription. 


bf Vrcommon Starre of Bethlehem hath many narrow leaues, thicke, fat, full ofiuyce; 

and ofavery greene colour, with a white fireake downe the middle of each leafe : 

among the which rife vp {mall naked ftalkes, at the top whereof grow floures com- ~ 

pact of fix little leaues, ftripped on the backefide with lines of greene, the infide being milke- 

white. Thefe floures open themfelues at the rifing of the Sunne, and fhut againe atthe Sun fet- 

ting ; whereupon this Plant hath beene called by fome, Bulbus Solfequius. The floures being paft, 

the feed doth follow inclofed in three cornered husks, The root is bulbous, white both within 
and without, 


t 2 Thefecond fort hath two or three grafly leaues proceeding froma ¢louen bulbous roor. 


oan 
3 pose 


166 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz. 1. 


{poke of floures, which confifting of fix leaues apiece fhew themfelues open in May; they in co- 
Jour are like the firft defcribed, as alfo in the greene ftreake on the lower fide of each leate. The 
feed is blacke, round, and contained in triangular heads. The root is bulbous,long, andwhite. + 

+ 4 This fourth, which is the ornithogalum Hifpanicum minus of Clufius hath a little white root 
which fends forth leaues like the common one, but narrower, and deftitute of the white line wher- 
with the other are marked. The ftalke is fome two handfulls high,bearing at the top thereof fome 
feuenor eight floures growing each aboue other, yet fo,as that they feemeto make an vmbell ; 
each of thefe floures hath fix leaues ofa whitith blew colour,w ith fo many white chiues or threds, 
anda little blewith vmbone in the mid{t. This floures in Aprill. 

5 This fifth firft fends vp one onely leafe two orthree inches long, narrow, and of awhitith 
colour,and of an acide tafte: nigh whereto rifeth vp a fmall ftalke fome inch or two high, hauing 
one or two leaues thereon, betweene which come forth {mall ftar-floures, yellow within, and of a 
grcenith purple without. The feed,which is reddifh and fmall, is contained in triangular heads. 
The root is white,round,and couered with an Afh-coloured filme. 


Ornithocalum Pannonicum. Ornithocalum Hi[panicum minus. 
3 : S AGE oe 
Star of Hungary. The leffer Spantth Star-floure, 


6 Ithinke itnotamiffe,hereto to adde another finall bulbous plant, which C/ufizs calls Bul- 
bus jerome, The one leaued Bulbe. This from a {mall root fends forth one rufh-leafe of fome foot 
in length, which about two inches aboue the earth, being fomewhat broader than in the other pla- 
cés, and guttered, fends forth a little ftalke fome three inches long, whofe top is fer with three 
little floures, each ftanding aboue other, about the bigneffe here prefented vnto your view in the 
figure: each of thofe confilteth of fix very white leaues, and are not much vnlike the floures of the 
graffe of Parnaffus, but yet without Icaues to fuftaine the floure, as it hath : fix white threds tipt 
with yellow, and athree fquare head with a white pointall poffeffe the middeft of the floure, the 
fmell thereof is fomewhat like that of the floures of the Haw-thorne. It floures in the midft of 
Tune. 

7 Hauing donewith thefe two fmall plants, I muft acquaint you with three or foure larger, 
belonging alfo tothis Claffis. The firft of thefe is thatwhich Dodoneus calls Ornithogalum majus, 
and Clufixs, Oraithogalum Arabicum : This by Lobeland fome others is ealled Lilium Alexandrinum, 

or 


List OF the Hiftorie of Plants. 167 


5 Ornithogalum luteum parvum. 
 Dwarfe yellow Star of Bethlehem. 


¥ 7 Ornithogalum majus Arabicum, 
The great Arabicke Star-floure. 


+ 6 Bulbus vuifolius, 
The one leaued Bulbe, 


4%, a) 
Wife a) 
Za Wr 
FFD NY SS 
: ~< i 
Fa SSS 


° 


orthe Lilly of Alexandria,as our Author calls it 
inthe chapter of Cotton-graffe. This faire, but 
tender plant, hath broad greene leaues comming 
froma large white flatbottomed root ; among it 
which rifeth vpa ftalke fome cubit high, whofe 
top is garnifhed with fundry pretry large floures 
made of fixe very white leaues , with a fhinine 
blackith head , ingirt wich fix white thteds tipt 
with yellow. This tloures in May, 

8 This,which is commonly called Orwitho- 
alum fpicatum, hath large leaues and roots » and 
the flalke growes fonie cubit or more high, wher- 
on grow many ftarre-floures in fhape and colour 
like thofe of the ordinarie, but larger , and they 
begin to floure below, and floure vpwards to. the 
top. There is a largerfortof this Spicatumwhofe 
floures are not ftreaked with greene on their 
backes. There isalfo a leffer; differing from the 
firft of thefe onely inbigneffe. 

g This Neapolitan hath three or foure long 
leaues not much valike thofe of the Hyacinths, 
but narrower, the ftalke is pretty thicke, fome 
foot high, and hath vfually Stowing theron fome 
fine or fix floures hanging one way, though their 
ftalkes grow alternately out of each fide of the 
maine ftemme. Thefe floures are compofed of 
fix leaues, being aboutan inch long, and fome 
quarter ofan inch broad, white within, and of an 

Afh-coloured greene without,w ith white cd ges, 
the 


— ae — 


ae ee ee eee 
168 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li Be 1. 


ae nen eve ens ne ee 
the middle of the floute is poffeffed by another little floure, confifting alfo of fix little leaues,ha- 
uing inthem fix threads headed with yellow, and a white pointall. A blacke wrinkled feed is 
contained in three cornered heads, which by reafon of their bigneffe weigh downe the ftalke. This 
flouresin Aprill. $ 


$ 8 Ornithogalum fpicatum. £ 9 Ornithozalum Neapolitanum. 
Spike fafhioned Star-floure. The Neapolitan Star-floure. 


@ The Place. 

Stars of Bethlehem, or Star-floures, efpecially the firft and fecond, grow in bapery places that 
lie open to the aire, not onely in Germany and the Low-countries, but alfo in England, and in our 
gardens very common. The yellow kinde Lobell found in Somerfet-fhire inthe corne fields. The 
reftare ftrangers in England ; yetwe haue moft of them, as the third,fourth, eighth, and ninth, in 
fome of our choice gardens. 

@ The Time. 
Thefe kindes of bulbed plants do floure from April] tothe end of May. 
@ The Names. 

Touching the names, Diofcorides calls it Oms,a = Pliny, ornithogale : in high Dutch it is called 
Felds wibel, Ackers twibel sas you fhould fay, Cepa agraria « in Englifh, Stars of Bethlehem. 

+ Thereft arenamed in their titles and hiftory ; but Clufi#s queftions whether the Bulbus vni- 
folius be not Bulbine of Theophraftus, 7. hift. 13. Bawhinus feemes to Affirme the Spicatum to. be 
Moly of Diofcorides and Theophraftus, and Epimedinm of Pliny, 

d q@ The Nature. 

Thefe are temperate in heate and drineffe. 

@ Thevertues. 

A Thevertues ofmoft of them are vnknowne ; yet Hieronymus Tragus writeth, That the root ofthe 
Star of Bethlehem rotted in hot embers, and appliedwith honey in manner of a Cataplafme or 
pulteffe, healeth old eating vicers, and foftens and difcuffes hard tumors. 

Theroots, faith Diofcorides, ate eaten both raw and boyled. 


4° That which was the fecond of our Avther, vader the title of Cepa azravia, and the third vader Orithogalum luteum werefigures of thefame plant,but in the la- 


Chap. 


ter, as Bauhine obfernes, the bortome keaues are omitted, becaufe they fall away when asic is growne vp to flourc. 


Liz. ~ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. | 169 


Cuar. 93. Of Onions. 


| The Kindes. 


© agai faith Theophraftus, divers forts of Onions, which haue their fyr-names of the places 
where they grow : fomealfoleffer, others greater ; fomeberound , and.diuers others long ; 
but nonewilde,as Plizy writeth, 


1 Cepaalba, $3 CepaHifpanica oblonga. 
White Onions, Longifh Spanifh Onions, 


q The Defcription. 


x He Onion hath narrow Jeaues, and hollow within ; the ftalke is fingle, round, biggeft 
T in themiddle, on the top whereof groweth around headcouered witha thinne skin 
or filme, which being broken, there appeare little white floures made vpin forme of 
aball, and afterward blacke feed three cornered,wrapped in thinne white skinnes. In ftead ofthe 
root there is abulbeorround head compa of many coats, which oftentimes becommeth great 
in manner of a Turnep, many times long likeanegge. Tobe briefe, it is coueredwith very fine 
skinnes for the moft part ofa whitith colour. : 
2 Thered Onion differeth not from the former but in fharpneffe and redneffe of the roots, in 
other refpects there isno difference at all. ; J 
¢ 3 Thereisalfoa Spanith kinde, whofe root is longer than the other,but in other tefpects 
very little different. ; 
$ 4 There isalfoanother finall kinde of Onion, called by Lobel, Afcalonitis A atiquorum,or 
Scallions ; this hath but fmall roots, growing many together: the leaues are like to Onions, but 


leffe. It feldome beares either ftalke, Houre,or feed. It 1s vfed tobe eaten in fallads j 
: @ The 


170 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Linn 


q The Place, 
The Onion requireth a fat ground well digg 


ed and dunged,as Palladivs faith. It is cherifhed 


euery where in kitchen gardens : it 1s now and thenin beds fewne alone,and many times mixed 
with other herbes, as with Lettuce, Parfeneps,and Carrets. Palladsws \iketh well that it fhould be 
fownewith Sauory, becaufe, faith Pliny, it profpereth the better, and is more wholefome. 


iA Afcalonitides. 
Scallions. 


(7 ZZ 


@ The Time. 

It is fowne in Marchor Aprill, and fomrimes 
in September. 

q The Names. 

The Onionis called in Greeke, Kefuu : in La- 
tine, Cepa, and many times Cepe in the neuter 
gender :the fhops keepe that name. The old 
Writers hauegiuen ynto this many {yr-names 
of the places where they grow, for fome are na- 
med Cipria, Sardia,Cretice, Samothracia , Afcalo- 
nie, ofa towne in Judea, otherwife called Pom- 
peiana : in Englifh, Onions. Moreouer, there is 
one named Mariféa, which the Countrey-men 
call Ynio faith Colzmella, and thereupon it com- 
‘meth that the French men call it Ozgnon, as Re- 
ellius thinketh : and peraduenture the Low- 
Dutch men name it Auenit, of the French 
word corrupted : they are called Setanie which 
are very littleand fweet ; and thefe are thought 
tobe thofewhich Paladins nameth Cepulle, as 
though he called them parve Cepe, oF little O- 
nions. 

There is an Onionwhich is without an head 
orbulbe, and hathas it werea long necke , and 
fpends it felfewholly in the leaues, and it is of 
ten cropped or cut for the pot like the Leekes. 
This Theophraftusnames tw: of this Pliny alfo 
writeth, in his nineteenth booke, and fixt chap- 
ter. There is with vs two ptincipall forts of O- 
nions, the one feruing fora fauce, or to feafon 
meatewith,which fome call Gethyon,and others 


Pallacana : and the other is the headed or common Onionjwhich the Germanes call union shoi= 
bel sthe Italians, Crpolla : the Spaniards, Cebolla, ceba, and Cebola, 


All Onions are fharpe, and mo 
fourth degree, but not fo extreme 


the reft is of thicke parts. 


B _ theyalfobreakewinde, 
rifhnotat all, and buta little t 


The Temperature. 
we teares by the fmell. They be hotand dry, as Galen faith,in the 
hot as Garlick. The iuyce is ofa thinwateric and airy {ub ftance: 


q The Vertues. 

The Onions do bite, attenuate, or make thinne, and caufe drineffe : being boyled they dee lofe 
their fharpenefle, efpecially if the water be twice or thrice changed, and yet forall that they doe 
not lofe their attenuating qualitic. 


prouoke vrine,an 
hough they be boyled. 


dbemore foluble boyled than raw,and raw they nou- 


They be naught for thofe that are cholericke, but good for fuch as are replete with raw ae 

~~ flegmaticke humors ; and for women that hauc their termes ftayed ypon a cold caufe, by reafon 
they open the paflages that are ftopped. 

Galenwriteth, That they prouoke the H 


by themfelues, or ftamped with vineger. 
The iuyce of Onions fniffed vp intot 


ticke humors. 


F _ Stamped with falt,rew, and honey, and fo 


emorrhoides tobleed iftheybe laid vnto them, either 
he nofe,purgeth thehead, and draweth forth raw flegma- 


applied, they are good againft the biting of a mad 


og. . 
G Rofted in theembets, and applied, they ripen and breake cold Apoftumes Biles, and fuck 


like. 


The 


Lwin - Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 171 


The iuyce of Onions mixed with the decoGtion of Penniriall, and annointed vpor the goutie 
member with a feather, or a cloath wet therein, and applied, eafeth the fame very much. 
The iuice anointed vpon a pild orbald head in the funne, bringing againe the haire very {pee- 
ily. 
ysbane taketh away the heate of fealding with water oroyle, as alfo burning with fire and 
gun-pouder,as 1s fet forth by a very skilfull Chirurgion named Matter William Clowes , one of the 
Queens Chirurgions ; and before himby Ambrofe Parey, in his Treatife of wounds made by gun 
ot. 
4 Onions fliced, and dipped in the iuyce of Sorrell, and giuen vnto the ficke of a tertian Ague,to 
eate, take away the fit in once or twice fo taking them. 
The Hurts. 
The Onion being eaten, yea though it be boyled, caufeth head-ache, hurteth the eyes,and ma- 
keth aman dimme fighted, dulleth the fences, ingendreth windineffe, and prouoketh ouermuch 
fleepe, efpecially being eaten raw. 


~Cuar. 94. Of Squils, or Sea-Onions. 


£ x Scilla Hippanicavalgaris, Thecommon Spanifh Squill, 


The Defcription, 


Et He ordinarie S quill or fea Onion hath a 
pretty large root, compofed of fundrie 
white coats filled witha certain vifcous 

humiditie,and at the bottome thereof grow forth fundry 
white and thicke fibres. The leaues are like thofe of Lil- 
lies, broad, thicke, and very greene, lying {pred vpon thé 
ground ,and turned vpon the fides, The ftalke groweth 
} fome cubitor more high, ftraight, naked without leaues, 
beautified at the top with many ftarte-fafhioned floures, very like thofeof the bigger Orsitheca- 
lum. Thefeed is contained in chaffic three cornered feed-veflels, being it felfe alfo black,f{mooth, 
and chaffie. It floures in Auguft and September, and the feed isripe in Oober, ‘The leaties 
{pring vp in Nouember and December, after that the feed is tipe,and ftalke decayed, + 
_ 2 The great Sea Onion, which Clufiws hath fet forth in his Spanith hiftorie, hath very great 
and broad leaues,as Dio(éorides faith, longer than thofe of the Lilly, buenatrower. The bulbe or 
headed root is very great, confifting of many coats or fcaly filmes ofa reddith colour. The floure 
is fometimes yellow, fometimes purple, and fometimes ofa light blew. + Clufies faith it is like 
that of the former, I thinke he meanes both in fhapeand colour. + 

3 The fea-Onion of Valentia, or rather the fea Daffodill, hath many long and far-leaues, and 
narrow like thofe of Narciffus, but fmootherand weaker, lying vpon the ground’; among which 
tifeth vp aftalke a foot high, bare and naked,bearing at the top a tuft ofwhite floures,in fhape like 


= 


a 


i 


Hie 
aah 
f 


e+ PENSE Cm iment sR SEIS sale AGE | oreo | 
172 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lis.1. 


ynto.our common yellow Daffodil. The feed is inclofed in thicke knobby huskes,blacke,flat,and. 
thicke,very foft,in fhape like vnto the feeds of Aréftolochialonga, or long Birth-wort. The root is 
great,white,long, and bulbous. é ; 

4 Red floured Sea Daffodill, or fea Onion, hath a great bulbe orroot like to the precedent 
the leaues long, fat, arid fharpe pointed, the ftalke bare and naked,bearing at the top {undry faire 
red floures in fhape like to the laft defcribed, 


2 Pancratinm Clufij. 
Great Squill, or Sea Onion. 


3 Paucratinm Marinum, y 
Sea Onion of Valentia. 


Ona. en be Oa MAO’ 


5 Theyellow floured fea Daffodil, or fea Onion, hath many thicke fat leaues like vnto the 
. common S quill or fea Onion,among which rifeth vpa tender rea oe ftalke full ofiuyce, beating 
at the top many floures like the common yellow Daffodill. The feed and tootis like the prece- 
dent. 
-£ 6 Tothefe may fitly beadded that elegant plant which is knowne by the name of Nar- - 
ciffus tertius of Matthiolus,and may be called White Sea Daffodill. This plant hath large roots,as 
bigge fometimes as the ordinarie Squill; the leaues are like thofe of other Daffodils, but broa- 
der, rounder pointed, and not very long. The ftalke is pretty thicke, being fometimes round, 
otherwhiles cornered, at the top whereof grow many large white floures : each floure is thus com- 
poled ; it hath fix long white leaues, in the midft growes forth awhite pointal] which is incom- 
paffed by a welt or cap diuided into fix parts,which fix are againe by threes diuided into eighteen 
lagges ordiuifions, a white thred tiptwith greene,of an inch long,comming forth of the middle 
of each diuifion, This floureth in the end of May. It is faid togrow naturally about the fea 
coaft of Illyria. $ 
q The Place. 
The firtt is found in Spaineand Italy, not far from the fea fide. 
The fecond alfo neere vnto the fea, in Italy, Spaine, and Valentia. I haue had -plants of them 
brought me from fundry parts ofthe Mediterranean fea fide, as alfo from Conftantinople, where 
it isnumbred among the kindes of Narciflus. 
The third groweth in the fands of the fea, in moft places of the coaft of Narbone, and about 
Montpellier. 
The fourth groweth plentifully about the coafts of Tripolis and Aleppo, neere to the fea, and: 
alfo in the falt marfhes that are {andie and Jie opento the aire. 
@ The 


List OF the Hiftory of Plants. - : 173 


; The Time. : 
They floure from May tothe end of I uly, and their feed is ripe in the end of Auguf. 
a The Names. 
The firft is called of the Grecians, «ins: and of the Latines alfo Scilla: the Apothecaries name 
. It Squilla: Diuers, Cepamuris: the Germanes, Meer ztoibel + the Spaniards, Cebolla albarrana : the 
French-men, o/gnonde mer : in Englith, S quill, and Sea Onion. 
$ The fecond is called raxénn, and Scilla rubramajor. 

-35 4, 5. Thefe areall figures ofthe {ame plant, but the leat (which is the worft) is the 
figure of the Aduerfaria, where it is called Pancratium marinum: Dodonans calls it Narciffies marinus: 
and Clufins, Hemerocallis Valemtina , and itis indged to be the tuenet of Theophraftus, Lib, 6. Hift. 
cap.t. The Spaniards call this Amores mios : the Turkes,Con sambach - the Italians,Giglio marino, 
Thefe three (as I faid) differ no otherwife than in the colour of their floures. 

Thefixth is Narciffvs tertinsor Conftantinopolitan:s, of Matthiolus : (lufine calls it. Lilionarciffiss 
Hemerocallidis facie. $ 


4 Pancratinm floribus rubris, £6 Narcilfustertins Matthiol:, 
Red floured fea Daffodilf, The white fea Daffodil. 


sr) 


nN 


4) 


q The Temperature. 


_ The fea Onion is hot in the fecond degree, and cutteth very much,as Galen faith. It is beft when 
itis taken baked orrotted, for fo the vehemeneie of it is taken away. 
; q The Vertues of Squills. 

The root is tobe couered with paite or clay, (as Diofcorides teacheth)and then put intoan ouen A 
tobe baked, or elfe buried inhot embers till fuch time as it be throughly rofted : for not being fo 
baked or rofted it is very hurtfull to the inner parts. “i 

It is likewife baked inancarthen pot clofe couered and fet in an oucny That isto be taken p 
efpecially which is in the mid(twhich being cut in pieces muft be boyled, but the water is {Lill to 
be changed, rill fuch time as itis neither bitter nor fharpe : then muftthe pieces be hanged on-a 
See lens sale Pik ct thatno one piece touch another. + Thus vied it lofeth mot of 

ength ; ertovie it lightly di ied, without any other preparation, + 
P 


174. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lin. 


Thefe flices of the Squill are vfed to make oyle, wine,orvineger of Squill. Of this vineger of 
Squillis made an Oxymel. The vfewhereofis to cut thicke, tough,and clammy humors, as alfo 
to be vfed in vomits. 

This Onion rofted or baked is mixed with potions and other medicines which prouoke vrine, 
and open the ftoppings of the liuer and {pleene, and is alfo put into treacles. It is giuen to thofe . 
that haue the Dropfie, the yellow Iaundife, and to fuch as are tormented with the gripings of the 
belly, and is vfed in a licking medicine againft an old rotten cough, and for fhortneffe of breath. 

One partof this Onion being mixed with eight parts of falt, and taken in the morning fafting 
to the quantitie of a {poonefull or two, !aofeth the belly. 

The inner part of Squilla boyled with oyle and turpentine, is with great profit applied to the 
chaps or chil-blanes of the feet or heeles. , 

It drineth forth long and round wormes if it be giuen with honey and oyle. 

£ The Pancratinm marinum, or Hemerocallis Valentina (faith Clufias) whenas I lined with Ronde. 
letivs, at Montpellier, was called Scilla ; and the Apothecaries thereof made the trochifces for the 
compofition of Treacle : afterwards it began to be called Pancratinm flore Lili. Rondeletivs alfowas 
wont to tell this following ftory concerning the poyfonous and maligne qualitie thereof. There 
were two Fifhermen, whereof the one lent vnto the other (whomhe hated) his knife, poyfoned 
with the iuyce of this Hemerocallis, for to cut his meate withall ; he fufpecting no treachery cut 
his victuals therewith, and fo eat them, the other ab ftaining therefrom, and faying that he had no 
ftomacke. Some few dayes aftershe that did eate the victuals died ; which fhewed the ftrong and 
deadly qualitie of this plant: which therefore (as Clufins faith) cannot be the Scilla Epimenidia of 
Pliny, which was eatable,and without malignitie $ 


Cuar.g5, Of Leekes, 


@ Porrum capitatum, £ 2 Porrumfectivum aut tonfile. 
Headed, or fet Lecke. Cut, or vnfet Lecke, 


\ 
\\ 


wi 
: 


al \ ‘\ 
EUS 


Lam Of the'Hiftory of Plants. 175 


@ The Defcription, 

I He leaues or tiie blades of the Leekebe long, fomewhat broad} and very many, hauing 
a keele or ereft in the back(ide, in fmell and tafte like to the Onion. The ftaiks,ifthe 
blades be not often cut, do in the {econd or third yeare gtow vp round,bringing forth 
onthe top floures made vp ina round head or ball as doth the Onion. The feeds are like, “The 
bulbe or root is long and flender, efpecially of the vnfet Leeke. That ofthe other Leeke is thicker 
and greater. ; y ditto Ve G \ j 
$ 2 © Moft Writers diftinguith the common Leeke itito Porrum capitatum & fectivum s and 
Lobel Siues thefe two figures wherewithwe here prefent yous, Now both thefe grow of the fame 
feed, and they differ onely in culturé ; for that which is often cut forthe vfe ofthe kitchen is éal- 

led Seétivun : the other, which is héaded,is not cut, but {pared, and remoucd in Aattimne, + 

qj The Place. 
It requireth a meane earth, fat, well dunged and digged. It is very common euety where in 
other countries, as well as in England, 
q The Time. 
Tt may be fowne in March or Aprill, and it to be remoued in September or OGober. 
| The Names. ; 

The Grecians call it «em: the Latines,Porrum. The Emperour Nero had great pleafure in this 
root, and therefore he was called in fcotne, Po rrophagus. But Palladis in the mafculine gender cal- 
led it Porras - the Germanes , Bauch: the Brabanders, yBogveuc ¢ the $ paniards, Pwerro : the 
French, Porreaw : the Englifli-men; Lecke, or Leckes. 

4) TheT cmperature. 
The Leeke is hot and dry,and dothattenuate or make thinneas doth the Onion, 
q| The Vertues. i 

Being boyled it is leffe hurtfull, by reafon that it lofetha great part ofhis fharpeneffe: and yet 
being fo vied it yeeldeth no good.iuyce. But being takenwith cold herbes his too hor quality is 
tempered. 

Being boyled and eaten with Prifanaor barley creame, it conco&eth and bringethvp raw hu- A 
mors that lie in the cheft. Someaffirme it to be good ina loch or licking medicine,toclenfe the 
pipes ofthe lungs, ; 

The iuyce drunke with honey is profitable againft the bitings of venonious beafts,and likewife B 
the leaues ftamped and laid thereupon. 

The fame iuyce, with vineger, frankincenfe, and milke, or oyle of rofes, dropped into the eates, C 
mitigateth their paine, and is good for the noyfe in them. 

Two drams of the feed, with the like weight of myrtill berries drunk, {top the {pitting ofblond D 
which hath continued.a long time. The fame ingredients put into Wine keepeitfrom fonrine 
and being alreadic foure,amend the fame, as diners write. It cutteth and attenuatethi groffe aga 
tough humors. 

“- t.Lobel commends the following Lochas very effeGuall againft phlegmatick Squinances, and E 
othe®éold catarrhes which are like to caufe fuffocation. This is the defcription thereof; Take 
blanchedalmonds three ounces, foure figees, foft Bdellium halfe an ounce, iuyce oPEiquorice,wo 
ounces, offugar candy diffolued ina fufficient quantitic of iuycc of Leekes, and boyled in Balaco 
~ totheheight ofa Syruip,as muchas fhall be requifit to make the reft into the forme of an Ee. 
legma. + 
q The Hurts. - 

Itheateth the body, ingendteth naughty bloud , caufeth troublefome and terrible dreames, 
offendeth the eyes, dulleth the fight, hurteth thofe that are by nature hot and cholericke > and is 
noyfome to the ftomacke, and breedeth windincfle. , 


Cuar. 96. 
Of (ewes or Chines, and wilde Leckes, 
is | The Kindes, 


Thofe called Ciues hauebeene taken of fome for akinde of wilde Onion : but all the , 
. thors that I haue beene acquainted with, doaccord that there is not any wild Oni 


Here be diuers kindes of Leekes, fomewilde, and fome of the garden, as fhall be dec! 


41100. 


se} e The 


x Schanoprafon. 
Ciues or Chiues. 


3 Ampeloprafon fine porrum filueftres 
Wilde Lecke, i ag 


176 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


In 4 rl Ay , 
Dhbrn« 65 Ar drr0/p VO Wy 


Linea 


2 Porrumvitigineum. 
French Leekes, or Vine Leekes, 


@ The Defcription. 


b Iues bring forth many leaves about a 
hand-full high, long, flender, round, 
like to little rufhes ; amongft which 

grow vp {mall and tender ftalkes fending forth cer- 
taine knops with floures like thofe of the Onion, 
but much leffer. They haue many little bulbes or 
headed roots faftned together : out of which grow 
downe into the earth a great number of little 
ftrings, and it hath both the fmell and tafte of the 
Onion and Lecke, as it were participating of 
both. 

2 TheVine Leeke or French Leeke groweth 

vp with blades like thofe of Leckes : the ftalke is a 
cubit high, on the top whereof ftandeth a round. 
head or button, couered at the firftwith a thinne 
skinne, which being broken, the floures and feeds 
come forth like thofe of the Onion. The bulbe or 
headed root is round , hard, and found, which is 
quickly multiplied by fending forth many bulbes. 
$ 3. The wilde Leeke hath leaues much like 
vnto thofe of Crow-garlicke,but larger, and more 
acride. The floures and feeds alfo refemble thofe 
of the Crow-garlicke, the feeds being about the 
bigneffe of cornes of wheat,with {mal ftrings com- 
ming forth at their ends. $ 
@ The 


i 1B. I Of the Hiftory of Plants.) 177 
ee 


| The Time and Places, 
1, Ciuesare fet in gardens, they flourith long, and continue many yeares, they fuffer the cold 
» of Winter. They are cut and polled often, as is the vafet Leeke. 

2 The Viné-leeke groweth of it felfe in Vineyards,and neere vnto Vines in hot regions,wher- 
of it both tooke the name Vine-Leeke, and French Leeke. It beareth his greene‘leaues in WVin- 
ter, and withereth away inthe Sommer. It groweth in moft gardens of England, 

+. Thus farte our Author defcribes and intimates to youa garden Leeke, much like the ordi- 
narie inall refpects, but fomewhat larger. But the following names belong tothe wilde: Leeke, 
which here we giue you in the third place. + 

«| The Names, 

Ciues are called in Greeke, ssinceeim, Shanoprafum ; in Dutch, Biefloack, as though you'fhould 
fay, Iunceum Porrum, or Ruth Lecke: in Englith, Ciues, Chiues, Ciuet and, Sweth? in French, 
Brelles, 

t 2 The Vine-leeke, or rather wild Lecke,is called in Greeke, ‘sumiaesen, of the place where 
itnaturally groweth : it may be called in Latine,Porrum Vitium,or Vitigineum Porrum : in Englith, 
after the Greeke and Latine, Vine Leeke, or French Lecke. : 

q The Temperature, 

Ciues are like in facultie vnto the Lecke, horand dry. The Vine leeke heateth more than doth 
the other Leeke, 

@q TheVertues. 

Ciues attenuate or make thinne, Open, prouoke vrine, ingender hot and groffe vapours,and are A 
hurtfull to the eyes and braine. They caufe troublefome dreames,andworkeall the effeés that 
the Leeke doth. 

The Vine-leeke, or Ampeloprafon, prouoketh vrine mightily,and bringeth downe the floures, B 
It-cureth the bitings of venomous beafts, as Diofcorides writeth, 


t The figure of Ampeloprafim was in toe firlt place, in the Chapter next bat one, by the name of Allium Hluefire. 


\ 
Cuar. 97. Of Garlicke. 


| The Defiription. 


1 [He bulbe or head of Garlicke is couered with moft thinne skinnes or filmes of aver 
light white purple colour, confifting of many cloues feuered one from another, vnder 
which in the ground below groweth a taffell of threddy fibres : it hath Jo & greene 

leaues likethofe of the Leeke,among which rifeth vp a ftalke at the end of the fecond or third 
yeare, whereupon doth grow a tuft of floures Entec with awhite skinne, in which,being broken 
when it is ripe,appeareth round blacke feeds, 

+ 2 There isalfoanother Garlickewhich growes wilde in fome places of Germanie and 

France,which in fhape much refembles the ordinarie,but the cloues of the roots are {maller and 
redder. The floure is alfo ofa more duskie and darke colour than the ordinarie, if 


se @ The Place and Times, 

Garlick is feldome fowne of feed, but planted in gardens of the {mall cloues in Nouember and 
December, and fometimes in Februarie and March. 

f G The Names. 

Tris called in Latine, Allium + in Grecke,ateta : The Apothecaries keepe the Latine name: 
the Germanes call ir ¥noblauch sthe Low Dutch, Look 3 the Spaniards, dios; 4lho : the Itali- 

ans, Aglio : the French, ai or Aux « the Bohemians, CXe/wek : the Englith, Garlicke, and poore 
mans Treacle, 
Rabid: | The Temperature. 

Garlicke isvery tharpe, hot, and dry, as Galen faith, in the fourth degree, and exulcerateth the 
skinne by raifing blifters, 

: ; Gq The Vertues, 

Being eaten, it heateth the body extremely, attenuateth and maketh thinne thicke and groffle A 
humors ; cutteth fuch asare tough and clammy,digefteth and confumeth them ; alfo openeth ob- 
fru Gtions, isan enemie toall cold poyfons, and to the bitings of venomous beatts : and therefore 
Galen nameth it Theriaca Ruflicorum, or the husbaudmans Treacle, 

Ityeeldeth to the body nonourifhmentat all, itingendreth naughty and fharpe bloud. There. B 


3 fore 


puis Saul etc pirlbelysnleg 
178 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.t. 


fore fuch as are of a hot complexion mutt efpecially abftaine from it. But if it be boyled in water 
vatill {uch time as it hath loft his faarpeneffe, it is the lefle forcible, and retaineth no longer his 
euilliuyce, as Galen faith. 

C  Ittaketh away the roughnefle of the throat, it helpeth an old cough, it prouoketh vrine,it brea- 
keth andconfumethwinde, and isalfo a remedie for the Dropfie which procceedeth of a cold 
caufe, 

D___ Itkilleth wormes inthe belly, and driueth them forth, The milkealfo wherein it hath beene 
fodden is giuen to yong childrenwith good fucceffe againft the wormes. 


1 Allium. $ 2 Allinm fjlueftre rubentibus nucleis. 
Garlicke. Wilde Garlicke with red cloues. 


E _ It helpetha very cold ftomacke, and isa preferuatiue againft the contagious and peftilent 
aire. 


fF _ Thedecoétionof Garlick vfed for a bath to fit ouer, bringeth downe the floures and fecondines 
orafter-burthen,as Diofcorides faith. 
It taketh away the morphew,tetters,or ring-wormes, feabbed heads in children, dandraffe and 
{curfe, tempered with honey, and the parts anointed therewith. 


With Fig leaues and Cumin it is laid on againft the bitings of the Moufe called in Grecke, 
wyéw in Englifh,a Shrew, 


Cuap: 


Cuar. 98. Of (row-Garlicke and Ramfons. 


q The Defeription. 


t He wilde Garlicke or Crow-garlicke hath fall tough leaues like vnto ruthes,{mooth 

g and hollow within ; among which groweth ypa naked ftalke, round, flipperie, liard 

and found : on the top whercof, after the floures be gone, grow little feeds made vp 

ina tound clufter like {mall kernels, hauing the fmell and tafte of Garlick.In ftead ofa root there 
is abulbeorround head without any cloues atall. 

2 Ramfons do fend forth two or three broad longith leaues fharpe pointed, fmooth, and of a 
light greene colour, The ftalkeis a {pan high, fmooth and flender, bearing at the topa clufter of 
white ftar-fafhioned floures. In ftead of root it hatha long flender bulbe, which fendethdowne 
a multitude of ftrings, and is couered with skinnes or thicke coats. 


t 1 Allium fjlueftre. 2 a fe urfinum. 
( i amions, 
Crow Garlicke, G} QLe nS UWROWUWMS, 


) 
Ohh Vn vale, 


= 


Her 


Z 


1 
ALL pe 


CLTTLLLL: 


=z 


Ey 


SY 
NJ If 
Shi 
3) 
N 
sy 
: 


G The Time, 
They {pring vp in Aprilland May, Their feed is ripe in Auguft, 


' .G The Place. : 
The Crow Garlicke groweth in fertile paftures inall parts of England, I found itin great plen- 
ticin the fields calledthe Mantels; on the backfide of Iflington by London, 
Ramfons grow inthe Woods and borders of fields vnder hedges, among the buthes. I found 
itin the next field vnto Boobies barne, vnder that hedge that bordereth vpon the lane; andalfo 
vpon the left hand, vnder an hedge adioyning to a lane thar leadeth to Hampifted, both places 


neere London, 
' q The 


180 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisia 


Sore = 


«| The Names. . 
Both of them bewilde Garlicke , and-may be calledin Latine, Allina fylueftria : in Greeke? 
mie mea: The firlt, by Dodonens and Lobell is called Alium fylucftretenuifolium. . 
Ramfons are named of the later praGtioners, Alivm Vrfinum, or Beares Garlicke : Allium latifoli- 
am,and Moly Hippocraticum : in Englith, Ramfons, Ramfies, and Buckrams. 
The Nature. * 
The temperatures of thefewilde Garlickes are referred vnto thofe of the gardens, 
q The Vertues. : 
Wilde Garlicke, or Crow-Garlicke, as Galen faith, is ftronger and of more force than the gars 
den Garlicke. 
The leaues of Ramfons be ftamped and eaten ofdiuersin the Low-countries , with fifh for a 
fauce,euenas we doeate greenc-fauce made with forrell. 
The fame leaues may very well beeaten in April and May with butter,of fuch as are of a ftrong 
conftitution, and labouring men, 5 
The diftilled water drunke breaketh the ftone, and driueth it forth, and prouoketh vrine. 


Cuar. 99. Of Mountaine Garlickss 


1 Scorodoprafum. + 2 Scorodoprafum primum Clufij. 
Great moufitaine Garlicke. Clufins his great mountaine Garlicke. 


Qbhennr Onerh cLob voeS wan 


G The Defcription. 


712 He great Mountaine Garlicke hath long and broad leaves like thofe of Leekes, 
but much greaterand longer, embracing or clafping about a great thicke ftalke, 
foft and full ofjuyce, bigger than a mans finger, and bare toward the top ; vpon 

which is feta great head bigger than a tennife ball, couered with a skinne after the manner of an 
Onion. The skinne when st commeth to perfection breaketh, and difcouereth a great multitude 
ofwhitith floures ; which being paft, blacke feeds follow, inclofed ina three cornered huske. The 
root is bulbous, of the bigneffe ofa great Onion. Thewhole plant fmelleth very ftrong like vnto 

Garlick, 


bits: 1. OF the Hifterie of Plants, ea | 181 


Garlicke, and is in thew a Leeke, whereupon it was called Scorodoprafim, as if we thou'd fay, Gar, 
licke Lecke ; participating of the Lecke and Garlicke, or rather a degenerate Garlicke erowne 
monftrous. 

#  Icannot certainely determine what difference there may be betweéne the plants expreffed 
by the firft figure, which is our Authors, and the fecond figure which is taken’out of Clufias. Now 
the hiftorie which Clufius giues vs to the fecond, the fame is (out of him) giuen by our Author to 
the firft : fo that by this reafon they are of one and the fame plant. Tothewhich opinion I rather 
incline, than affirme the contrarie with Bavhine,who diftinguifhing them, puts the firtt amongft 
the Leekes, vnder the name of Porrim folio latiffiimo : following Tabernamentanus,who firkt gaue this 
figure, vnder the name of Porrum Syriacnm. 

3. This plant is leffer in al! the parts than the former ; the root is fet about with longer and 
flenderer bulbes wrapped in brownifh skinnes ; the floures and leaues are like, yet {maller than 
Garlicke, 


$3 Scorodoprafum minus. $4 Ophiofcoridon, 
The leffer leeke-leaued Garlicke, a 2b sarnn PO oola pres a 


ai ittnmmant 


Sey 

4 Thethird,which Clufizs makes his fecond s corodoprafum ath ftalkes fome two cubits high, 
hauin many leaues like thofe of Leekes from the bottome of the ftalke to the middle thereof. 
their mell is betweene that of Leckes.and Garlicke ; the reft of the flalke ts naked, green, finooth, 
fuftaining atthe topahead compofed of many bulbes, couered with awhitith skinne ending in a 
long greene point;which skinne by the growth of the bulbes being broken, they thew themfelues, 
being firft ofa purplith,and afterwards of a whitith colour, among tt which are fome floures. The 
top of the ftalkeat firk twines it felfe, fo that it in fome fort reprefents a ferpent; then by little 
iLvntwines againe, and beares the head ftraight vp. The root confifts of many cloues much like 
tharof Garlicke. + 

5 . The broad leaued Mountaine Garlicke, or rather the Mountaine Ramfons,tifeth vp with a 
ftalke a cubit high, a finger thicke, yet very weake, full of a fpongeous fubftance, neere to the bor- 
tome ofa purplifh.colour,and greene aboue, bearing at the top a multitude of {mall whitith 
floures, fomewhat gaping, ftar-fathion.The leates are thrce or floure, broad ribbed like the leaues 
of great Gentian, refembling thofe of Ramfons abut greater. The root is great and long, corered 


with many fcaly coats and hairy firings. 
@ The 


182 : the Hiftorie of Plants. Lapse 


@ The Place. 
Altium Alpinum latifolinm, few Vidlorialis. The great mountaine Garlicke growes about 
Broad leaued Mountaine Garlicke. | cee lg 5 as ars ae I os a 
i : Fart lant of it from M. Thomas Edwards Apothecary 
ole. ey tigen Mate vin te of Excefter, who found it growing in the Weft 
parts of England. 

Vidtorials groweth in the mountaines of Ger- 
many, as faith Carolus Clufius, and is yeva ftran- 
ger in England for any thing that I do know. 

+ © TheTime. 

+ Moft of thefe plants floure in the months .of 
Iune and Iuly. 

@ The Names. 

Of the firf¥ and fecond I haue fpoken already. 
The third is Scorodoprafjum minus of Lobell. The 
fourth is Allium fativam fecundum of Dodoneus, 
and Scoradoprafum fecundum of Clufius. The fifth 
is Allium anguinum of Matthiolus ; Ophiofcoridon of 
Lobell,and yictorialis of Clufivs and others, as alfo 
Allium Alpinum, The Germanes call it Syeigs 
wourts, 


@ The Temper. 

They are ofa middle temper between Leckes 
and Garlicke. 

@] Their Vertues. 

Scorodoprafum, as it partakes of the temper, fo 
alfo of the vertues of Leekésand Garlicke ; that 
is, it attenuates groffe and tough matter, helpes 
expectoration, &c. 

Vidtorialw is like Garlicke in the operation 
thereof. Some (as Camerarius writeth ) hang 
the root thereofabout the necks of their cattell 
being falne blinde, by what occafion focuer it 
happen, and perfuiade themfelues that by this 
meanes they will tecouer their fight. Thofe that worke in the mines in Germany affirme, That 
they find this root very powerfull in defending them from the affaults of impure {pirits or diuels, 
which often in fuch places are troublefome vnto them. Cf. $ 


Cuar.too, Of Moly, or the Sorcerers Garlicke. 


| The Defcription. 


x He firft kinde of Moly hath for his root a little whitith bulbe fomewhat long, not vn- 
like to the root ofthe vnfet Leeke, which fendeth forth leaues like the blades of 
corncor grafle :among which doth rife vp aflender weake ftalke,fatand full of inyce, 

at the top whereof commeth forth ofa skinny filmea bundle of milke-white floures, not vnlike to 
thofeof Ramfons. Thewhole plant hath the fmell and tafte of Garlicke, whereofno doubt it isa 
kinde, 

2 Serpents Moly hath likewife a {mall bulbous root with fome fibres faftned to the bottom, 
from which rife vp weake gtaffie leaues ofa fhining greene colour,crookedly winding and turning 
themfelues toward the point like the taileofa Serpent, whercofit tooke his name: the ftalke is 
tongh, thicke, and full ofiuyce, at the top whereof ftandeth a clufter of {mall redbulbes,like vnto 
the {malleft cloue of Garlicke, before they be pilled from their skinne. And among thofe bulbes 
there do thruft forth fmall and weake foot-ftalkes, euery one bearing at the end one fmall white 
floure tending toa purple colour: which being paft, the bulbes do fall downe pon the ground, 
where they without helpe do take hold and root, and thereby greatly encreafe, as alfo by the infi- 
nite bulbes that the root doth caft off :all the whole plant doth fmell and tafte of Garlick, where- 
ofitisalfoa kinde. 


3 Homers Moly hath very thicke leaues, broad toward the bottome, fharpe 


the: Int ane 
at tne point; and 
> } 


a aa 
Lape. Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 183 


1 Moly Diofcorideum, 
Diofcoriaes his Moly,’ 
/ $ 


3 Moly Homericum, 
Homers Moly. 


SA 


ky aN 
Y 
Y i 1 2 
Y/Y W/ S 
jy y HESS 
AMT CCRT TT RT TET EE 
Bre, 


Veneta AAnaxaly 


2 Moly Serpentinum, 
Serpents Moly. 


hollowed like a trough or gutter, in the bo- 
fome of which leaues neere vato the bottome. 
commeth fortha certaine round bulbe or ball 
of a goofe-turd greene colour: which being 
tipeand fet in the ground groweth and be- 
commeth a faire plant fuchas is the mother. 
Among thofe leaues rifeth vp anaked {mooth 
thicke ftalke, of two cubits high, as {trong as 
a {mall walking ftaffe :at the top of the ftalke 
ftandetha bundle of faire whitith floures,da- 
fhed ouer with a wath of purple colour, fmel- 
ling like the floures of Onions. When they 
be ripe there appeareth a blacke feed wrapped 
inawhite skinne or huske. The root is great 
and bulbous, couered with a blackifh skinne 
onthe outfide, andwhitewithin, and ofthe 
bigneffe of a great Onion. 

4 Indian Moly hath verythicke fat thore 
leaues, and fharpe pointed, in the bofome 
wherofcommeth fortha thicke knobby bulbe 
like that of Homers Moly. The ftalke is alfo 
like the precedent, bearing at the ropa clufter 
of {caly bulbes included ina large thinne skin 
or filme. The root is great, bulbous fafhion, 
and full of iuyce. 

5 _ Caucafon,or withering Moly,hath avery 
great bulbous root, greater than that of Ho- 
mers Moly, and fuller of a flimie iuyce ; from 
which doarife three or foure great thicke and 
broad leaues withered alwaies at the point 5 

wherein 


184. Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. | Lis. w 


ay 
wherein confifteth the difference betweene thefe leaues and thofe of Homers Moly,which are not 
fo.In the middle of the leaves rifech vp abunch of {mooth greenith bulbes fet vpona tender foot- 
ftalke, in fhape and bigneffe like to a great garden Worme, which being ripe and plantedin the 
earth,do alfo grow vnto a faire plant likevnto their mother. 

+ Thefe two lait mentioned (according to Banhine, and I thinke thetruth) are but figures of 
one and the fame plant ; the later whereof is the better, and more agreeing to the growing of the 
plant. 

6 Tothefe may be fitly added two other Molyes:: the firft of thefe, which is the yellow Mo- 
ly, hath roots whitith and round, commonly two of them growing together ; the leaueswhich it 
fends forth are longand broad, and fomwhat refemble thofe ofthe Tulip, and vfually are but two 
innumber, betweenewhich rifes vpa ftalke fome foot high, bearing at the top an vmbell of faire 
yellow ftar-like floures tipt on their lower fides with a little greene. The whole plant fmelleth of 
Garlicke. is Py 


‘ , 
Moly Indicum, ‘5 Cancafon. 


4 Mol ‘ 
Indian Moly. ities Moly. : 
eo y AMAA 1X (prAna 
AG i 5 vs 


7 This little Moly hath a root about the bigne ffeofan Hafell nut, white, with fome fibres 
hanging thereat ; the ftalke is ofan hand full or little more in height, the top thereof is adorned 
with an vmbel of ten or twelue white floures, each ofwhich confifts of fix leaues, not fharpe poin- 
ted, but turned round, and pretty large, confidering the bigneffe of the plant.This plant hath alfo 
vfually but twoleaues, and thofe like thofe of Leekes, but far leffe. + 

‘The Place. : 

+ Thefe plants grow in the garden of M. Ioha Parkinfon Apothecarie, and with M.loha Trade- 
feant and fome others, ftudious inthe knowledge of plants. 

q The Time. i 

They fpring forth of the ground in Februarie, and bring forth their floures,fruit,and feed in the 
end of Auguft. 
; The Names. 

+ Some haue deriued the name Moly from thefe Greeke words, mmruitrmswets: that is, to driue 
away difeafes. It may probably be argued to belong toa certaine bulbous plant, and thata kind 
‘ or 


Lisit OF the HitoryofPlans. 83 > 


of Garlicke, by the words ™ «wand use. The former,Galen in his Lexicon of fome of the difficul- 
ter words vied by Hippocrates,thus EXPOUNS sxxdepdoratmain-miy eegurby yor % pen dv-nUopan trey arSeee ede wan, That 
is, MoliXa isa Garlicke hauing a fimple or fingle head, and not tobepartedor diftinguithed into 
cloues: fome terme it Moly. Erotianys in his Lexicon expotinds the farer thus : mse (faith hee) 
Arehlemoars Corwudis, SC. That is; Molyx is a head of Garlicke, round,and not to be parted into 
cloues. $ °° 


The Names in particular. ; 
¢ 1 This iscalled moly by emtatthiolus; Moly Anguftifolinm by Dodonens ; Moly Diofcorideur 
by Lobel and Clufius. fe 

2 This, Moly Serpentinum vocatum, by Lobeland the Author of the Hift, Lugd, 

3 This fame is thought tobe the Mofy of Theophraftus and Pliny, by Dodoneus, Clufius,8cc. and 
fome alfo would haue it to be that of Homer,mentioned in his twentieth Ody(f. Lobel calleth it 
Moly Liliflorum. \ 

4 5 The fourthand fifth being one, arc called Cancafon, and Moly Indicum by Lobel, Clufius, 
and others. 

6+ This is Moly Montanum latifolium ‘flauo flore of Clufius , and Moly luteum of Lobel, Aduerfar. 

Ar, 2. 
: 7 Thisfameis Moly minus ofClufins. + 


£ 6 Moly latifolivm flore flaw. ~ £7 Moly mings fore albo, 
Broad leaued Moly with the yellow floure, Dwarfe white floured Mo! y- 


MAAW2 APLOVALA AAP 


| The Temperature and Vertues. 

-Thefe Molyes are very hot, approching to the nature of Garlicke, and I doubt not but in time 
fome excellent man or other will find out as many good vertues of them,as their ftately and come- 
ly proportion fhould feemeto be poffeffed with. But for my part,I haue neither proued,nor heard 
of others, nor found in the writings of the Antients, any thing touching their faculties. Only Dz 
ofcorides reporteth, That they are of maruellous efficacie to bring downe the termes, ifone of them 
be ftamped with oyle of Floure de-luce according toart, and vied in manner ofa peffarie or mos 


ther fuppofitorie, 
Q_ Cuap; 


186 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


#Cuar, 3." Of diners other Molyes. 


t Efides the Garlickes and Molyes formerly mentioned by our Author, and thofe I haue 
inthis Edition added, there are divers others, which, mentioned by Clufivs,and belon- 
ging vnto this Tribe,I haue thought good in this place to fet forth. Now for that they 

are morethan coaueniently could be added to the former chapters, (which are fufficiently large) 
Ithought it not amiffe toallot them a place by themfeluess 


£1 Moly Narciftinis folijs primum. $ 2 Moly Narcifinisfolys fecundum. 
The firft Navel aued Moly. The fecond Narcifle-leaued Moly, 


ey 
bth 


G The Defcription. 


Ca His, which in face nigheft reprefents the Molyes defcribed in the laft Chapter, 
hatha root made of many fcales, like as an Onion in the vpper part, but the lower 
part is knotty, and runnes in the ground like as Solomons Seale; the Onion-like 

part hath many fibres hanging thereat ; the leaues are like thofe of the white Narciffe, very greene 
and fhining, among ft which rifeth vp a ftalke ofa cubit high, naked, firme,greene, and crefted 3at 
the top come forth many floures confifting of fix purplith leaues,with as many chiues on their in- 
fides : after which follow three fquare heads, opening when they are ripe, and containing a round 
blacke feed. 

2, This other being of the fame kinde, and butavarietie ofthe former, hath fofter and more 
Afh-coloured Ieaues,with the floures ofa lighter colour. Both thefe floure at the end of Iune,or 
in Iuly. 

3. This hath fine or fix leaues equally asbroadas thofeof the laft defcribed, but not fo long; 
being fomewhat twined, greene, and fhining. The ftalke is {ome foot in Jength,fmallerthan that 
of the former, but notleffe ftiffe, crefted,and bearing in around head many floures, in manner of 
growing and fhape like thofe of the former, but ofa more elegant purple colour. In feed and root 
it 


i? B. Ie Of the Hiftory of Plants. * 


oy 


£ 3 Moly Narcifoinis folys tertinm. £4 Moly montanam latifolinm 1.€lufija 
The third Narciffe-leaued Moly. The firft broad Jeaued mountaine Moly, 
Tt o ‘ AAA 


Yio eae 4 OD 


TTT 


£5 Moly montanum fecundumClufij ; 
The fecond mountaine Moly. itrefembles the precedent. There is alfo ava- 
oo rieticofthis kinde, with leautes longer and nar- 
rower, neither fo much twined,the {talks weaker, 
and floures much lighter coloured. 
This floures later thanthe former, towit, in 
Julyand Auguft. 
All thefe plants grow naturally in Leitenberg 
and other hills neere to Vienna in Auftria,where 
they were firft found and obferued by Carola: 
Clufius. 
4 This hatha ftalke fome two cubits high, 
which evento the middle is incompafled with 
leaues much longer and broader than thofe of 
- Garlicke, and very like thofe of the Leeke. : on 
the top of the {moothand rufh-like ftalke grow- 
etha tuft confifting of many darke purp!eco!ou- 
red bulbs growing clofetogether,from amongft 
which come forth pretty long falkes bearing 
light purple ftarre-fafhioned floures, which are 
fucceeded by three cornered feed-veffels. The 
root is bulbous, large,confifting of many cloues, 
and hauing many white fibres growing forth 
thereof. Moreouer, there grow out certain round 
bulbes about the root, almoftlike thofe which 
grow in the head, and being planted apart, they 
produce plants of the fame kinde. Thisis Alia, 
five Moly montanum latifolium 1. Clufj. 

5 ._ Thishath a fmooth round greene 
fome cubithigh , whereon doe erow moft 


ae 
Q 2 Monty 


a % z i - 
188 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lise 


monly three leaues narrower than thofe of the former, and as itwere grafly. Thetop of the 
ftalke fuftaines a head wrapped in wo lax filmes, each of them running out with a fharpe point 
like two hornes, which opening themfelues, there appeare many fmall bulbes heaped together, 
among{t which are floures compofed of fix purplith little leaues, and faftned to long ftalkes. The 
root is round and white, with many long white fibres hanging thereat. Clufiws calls this, Adium, 
five Moly montanum fecundum, And this is Lobels Ampeloprafon proliferum. 

6 Liketothe laft defcribed is this in height and fhape ofthe ftalke and Jeaues, as alfoin the 
forked or horned skinne inuoluing the head,which confifteth of many fmall bulbes of a reddith 
greenccolour, and ending ina long greene point ; amongft which, vpon longand flender ftalkes 
hang downe floures like in forme and magnitude tothe former, but of awhitifh colour, witha 
darke purple ftreake along ft the middle, and vpon the edges of each leafe. The root is round and 
white, like that of the laft deferibed. This Clufizs giues vnder the title of 4Wlinm fine Moly monta- 
um tertinm, 


¥ 6 Moly montanam 3. Cluf. + 7 Moly montani quarti (pec. t.Cluf- 
The third mountaine Moly. The fourth mountaine Moly ; the 
firft fort thereof. 


(duran olencterrrer 


4 This alfo hath three rufhy leaucs,with a round ftalke of fome cubit high whofe top is like- 
wifeadorned with a forked membrane,containing many pale coloured floures hanging vpon long 
ftalkes, cach floure confifting of fix little leauess with the like number of chiues,and a peftil in the 
midft. This tuft of foures cut off with the top of the ftalke, and carried intoa chamber,wil yeeld 
a pleafant fmel! (like that which is found in the floures in the earlier Cyclamen )but it will quickly 
decay. After thefe floures are paft fucceed three cornered heads containing a blacke {mall feed, 
not much vnlike Gillofloure feed. The root is round like the former,fometimes yeelding off-fets. 

is is Alf montani 4. fhecies 1. of Clufius. = 
ay “There is omer of i ci deferibed,which growes to almoft the fame height, and 
hath like leaues, and the head ingirt with the like skinny long pointed huskes ; but the floures of 


this are of avery darke colour, The roots are like the former, with off-fets by their fide, T be iS 
: efi. 


Sr =o en 
List Of the Hiftory of Plants, 189 


Clufius his Moly montani quarti fpecies fecunda. The roots of the three laft defcribed fmell of garlick, 
butthe leaues haue rather an hearby or graffe-like finell. 
The fifth and fixth of thefe grow naturally in the Styrian and Aufttian Alpes. The feuenth 


growes about Presburg in Hungarie, about Niclafpurg in Morauia, but moft aboundantly about 
the Baths in Baden. sags purg > y 


£8 Moly momtani quarti fpecies fecunda £9 Moly reontanum quintum (Tnfij. 
Clafij. ; The fifth mountaine Moly, 


The fecond kinde of the fourth , 
' mountaine Moly, ~ Pilla ae L wiloatol an 


his growes tothe like height as the former, with a greene ftalke, hauing few leaues there- 
ee pol atthe top,where i carieth a round head confifting of many ftar-like {mall floures, 
ofa faire purple colour, faftned to fhort ftalkes, each floure being compofed of fixe little leaues, 
with as many chiues anda peftill in the middle. The root is bulbous and white,hauing fomtimes 
his off-fets by his fides. The fmell of it is like Garlicke. This groweth alfoabout Presburgh in 
Hungarie, and was there obferued by Clufins to beare his floure in May and Iune. He calleththis 
Allium, fen Moly montanum quintum. + 


Cuar. 102. Of White Lillies. 


q| The Kindes. 


ae fundry forts of Lillies, whereof fome bewilde, or of the field ; others tame, or of the 

garden ; {ome white, others ted ; fome of our owne countries growing , others from beyond 
the feas ; and becaufeof the variable forts wewill diuide them into chapters, beginning with tlie 
wo white Lillies, which differ littlebut in the natiue place of growing. 


Q3 qj, The 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants Lisaal 


The Defcription. i 

I He white Lillie hath long,{mooth, and full bodied leaves, ofa graflicor light greene 

colour. The ftalkes be twocubits high, and fometimes more, feror garaifhed with 

the like leaues, but growing fmallerand fmaller toward the top; and vpon them doe 
gtow faire white floures ftrong of {mell, narrow toward the foot of the ftalke whereon they doe 
grow, wide or open inthe mouth likea bell. In the middle part of them doe grow {mall tender 
pointals tipped with a dufty yellow colour, ribbed or chamfered on the backe fide, confifting of 
fix {mall leaues thicke and fat. The root is a bulbe made of {caly cloues, full of tough and clam- 
mie iuyce, wherewith thewhole plant doth greatly abound. ; 

2 Thewhite Lilly of Conftantinople hath very large and fat leaues like the former, but nar- 
rowerand leffer. The ftalke rifeth vp to the height of three cubits, fetand garnifhed with leaucs 
alfo like the precedent, but much lefle. Which ftalke oftentimes doth alter and degenerate from 
his natural roundneffe toa flat forme, as it were a lath of wood furrowed or chanelled alongtt the 
fame, as it were tibs or welts. The floures grow at the top like the former, fauing that the léaues 
do turne themfelues more backward like the Turkes cap, and beareth many more floures than our 


Englith white Lilly doth. 


x Lilinm album. 2 Lilium album BiXantinum. 
The white Lilly. Thewhite Lilly of Conftantinople. 


FA AND) 
sh 
eX 


i Prk _ & The Place. 
_ OurEnglith white Lilly groweth in moft gardens of England. The other groweth naturally 
in Conftantinople and the parts adiacent, from whence wee had plants for our Englith gardens 
where they flourith as in their owne countrey. Soe : 
q@ The Time, 
_ The Lillies floure from May tothe end of Iune. 
ergs The Names. 

The Lillie is called in Greeke wim: in Latine, Zilinm,and alfo Rofa Iunonis, or luno’s Rofe, be- 
caufeas ic is reported it came vp of her milke that fell vpon the ground. For the Poets feigne, That 
Hercules,who Tupiter had by Alcumena,was put to Iuno’s breaftswhileft thee was afleepe , and after 
the fucking there fell away aboundance of milke, and that one part was fpilt in the heauens, and 
the other onthe earth ; and that ofthis {ptang the Lilly,and of the other the circle in the petcens 
called 


Teak i ~ OF the Hittorie of Plants. yeaa te “191 


called Lacens Circzlus, or the milky way, or otherwife in Englith Watling ftreet. Saint Bafill in 
the explication of the 44. Pfalme faith, Thatno floure fo liuely {ets forth the frailty of mans Life 
asthe Lilly. It is called inhigh Dutch, #Bctfs Gilgen: in low Dutch, yaitte Lilien: in Italian, 
Giglio # in Spanith, Lirio blanco: in French, £ys blanc : in Englith, the white Lilly, e 

The other is called Litinm album BiXantinum,and alfo Martagon album biXantinum » in Enelith, 
thewhite Lilly of Conftantinople : of the Turkes themfelues ,Su/tan Zambach with this addition, 
(that they might be the better knownewhich kindeof Lilly they meant when they fent roots of 
them into thefe countries) Fa fioragrandi Bianchi , fo that Sultan Zambach fa foragrand: Bianchi, vs 
as much to fay as, Sultans great Lilly with white floures. 

. | The Nature, 

The white Lilly is hot, and partly ofa fubtill fubftance, But ifyou regard the root, itus dry in 
the firft degree, and hot in the fecond, 

The Vertues, 

The root of the garden Lilly ftamped with honcy gleweth together finewes that be cut in fun- 
der. It confumeth or fcoureth away the vicers of the head called Achores, and likewife all feur- 
uineffe of the beard and face. 

The Root ftamped with Vineger, the leaues of Henbane, or the meale of Barley, cureth the 
tumours and apoftumes of the priuy members. It bringeth the haire againe vpon places which 
haue beene burned or fealded, ifit be mingled with oyle or greafe, and the place anointed there- 
with. 

The fame root rofted in the embers,and ftamped with fome Jeauen of Rie bread and Hogges 
greafe, breaketh peftilentiall botches. Itripeneth Apoftumes in the flankes, comming of venery 
and fuch like. 

The floures fteeped in Oyle Oliue, and fhifted two or three times during Sommer, and {et in 
the Sunne ina ftrong glaffe, is good to fotten the hardneffe of finewes, and the hardneffe of the 
matrix. 

Florentinus awriter of husbandry faith, That ifthe rootbe curioufly opened,and thereinbe put 
fome red,blew,or yellow colour that hath no caufticke or burning qualitie,ir will caufe the floure 
tobe of the fame colour. 

Iulins A lexandrinus the Emperors Phy/fitian faith, That the water thereof diftilled and drunke 
caufeth eafie and fpeedy deliuerance, and expelleth the fecond:ne or after-burthen in moft fj peedy 
manner. 

He alfo faith, the leaues boyled inred Wine, and applied to old wounds or vicers , doe much 
good, and forward the cure, according to the do@trine of Galen in his feuenth booked: fimpl. med, 
facultat. 

The root ofa white Lilly ftamped and ftrained with wine, and given to drinke for two or three 
dayes together, expelleth the poyfon of the peftilence, and caufeth it to breake forth in blifers 
inthe outward part of the skinne,according to the experience ofa Jearned Gentleman M.William 
Godorus, Sergeant Surgeon to the Queenes Maieftie: who alfo hath cured many of the Dropfey 
with the iuyce thereof, tempered with Barley meale,and baked incakes, and fo eaten ordinarily 
for fome moneth or fix weekes together with meate, but no other bread during that time. 


Cuap. 103, : Of Red Lillies. 
@ The Kindes. 


5 Nei be likewife fundry forts of Lillies, which wedo compreliend vider one’ generall name 
in Englifh, Red Lillies, whereof {ome are of our owne countries growing,and others of be- 
yond the feas, the which thall be diftinguifhed {euerally in this chapter that followeth, 


@] The Defcription. 


I He gold-ted Lilly groweth to the height of two, and fometimes three cubits, and of. 
ten higher than thofe ofthe common white Liily. The leaues be blacker and nar- 
rower, fet very thickeabout the ftalke. The floures in the top be many, from ten to 

thirty floures, according tothe age of the plant,and fertilitie of the foile, like in forme and great- 
neffe to thofe of the white Lilly, but ofa redcolour tending to a Saffron, fprinkled or poudred 
with many little blacke {pecks; like to rude vnperfe& draughts of certaine letters. The roots be 


xreat bulbes,confifting of many cloues, as thofeof the white Lilly. 
> S Yy i 
: os LB 


A 


E 


H 


a aE RR TS 
192 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 1. 


+ 2  Inftead ofthe Plantaine leaued red Lilly,defcribed and figured in this fecond place by 
our Author out of Tabernamontanus, for that I indge both the figure and defcription counterfeit, 
I haue omitted them, and here giue you the many-floured red Lilly in his {tead, This hath a root 
like that of the laft defcribed, as alfo leaues and ftalkes ; the floure alfo in fhape is like that of the 
former, but ofa more light red colour, and in number of floures it exceedeth the precedent, for 
fometimes it beares fixty flouresvpon one ftalke. + 4 

+ 3. Thisred Lilly is likeynto the former, but not fo tall ; the leaues be fewer in number,’ 
broader, and downy towards the top of the ftalke , where it beares fome bulbes. The floures in 
fhape be like the former, fauing that the colour hereofis more red,and thicke dafht with blacke 
fpecks. The rootis fealy like the former. 

4  Thereis another red Lilly which hath many leaves fomewhat ribbed, broader than the faft 
mentioned, but fhorter,and not fo many innumber. The ftalke groweth totheheight of twocu- 
bits,and fometimes higher, whereupon do grow floutes like the former : among the foot-ftalks of 
which floures come forth certaine bulbes or cloued roots, browne of colour, tending vnto red- 
neffe ; which do fallin the end of Auguft vpon the ground, taking root and growing in the fame 
place, whereby it greatly encreafeth, for feldome or neuer it bringeth forth {eed for his propa- 
gation. 


x Lilium aureum., + 2 Lilium rubrum. 


Gold-red Lilly. ' Thered Lilly. 


5 There isanother fortof red Lillie hauing a faire fealy or cloued root, yellow aboue, and 
browne toward the bottome ; from which rifeth vp a faire ftiffe ftalke crefted or furrowed , of an 
ouer-worne browne colour, fet from the lower part to the branches, whereon the floures doe grow 
with many leaues, confufedly placed without order. Among the branches clofe by the ftem grow 
forth certaine cloues or roots ofa reddith colour, like vnto the cloues of Garlicke before they are 
pilled : which being fallen vpon the ground at their time of ripeneffe, do fhoot forth certaine ten- 
der ftrings or roots that do takehold of the ground , whereby it greatly encreafeth. The floures 
are in fhape like the other red Lillies,but of adarke Orange colour,refembling a flame of fire fpot- 
red with blacke fpots. 


+ 6 Thishathamuch fhorter ftalke, being buta cubitorleffeinheight, with leaues blac- 
kifh 


ne Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 193 


kith, and narrower than thofe afore going. The floures, as inthe reft, grow out of the top of the 
ftalke, and are of a purplith Saffron colour,with fome blackith fpots. The root in fhape is like 


cedent. $ 
the pre a The Place, 


Thefe Lillies do grow wilde in the plowed fields of Italy and Languedocke,in the mountaines 
and vallies of Hetruriaand thofe places adiacent, They ate common in our Englith gardens, as 


alfo in Germany. 
. @ TheTime. 


Thefe red Lillies do floure commonly alittle before the white Lillies, and fometimes toge- 


therwith them. 
3 Lilium cruentumlatifolinm. £ 4 Lilium cruciatum bubiferum, 
The fierie red Lilly. Red bulbe-bearing Lilly. 
Sa /a\\ 
fl ? ’ ) 
Se A 
MP y 


Lee ( 


=} | 


q The Names. 


£ The firft of thefe is thought by fome to be the Bulbus cruentus of Hippocrates as alfo the 
FH ig Of Diofiortdes : Yet Matthiolusand fome others would haue it his Hemerocallis Do- 
doneus and Bapt. Porta thinke it the Ayacinthus and ofmofindalos of the Poets » of which you fhal! 
finde morehereafter. It is the Martagon Chymiftarum of Lobel, and the Lilium anrenm majus Of Ta- 
bernamentanus, 

2 Thisis 7, artazon Chymiftarum alterum of Label. 3. This is Clufins his a. antag on bil bi fer ym 
fecundum. 4 Martagon bulbiferum primum of Clufius. 5° This Dedonaus calls Lilinm purpure~ 
ume tertinm,and itis Murtagon bulbiferum tertium ofClufius. 6 This lat Lobciland Dodoneus call 
Lilium purpureum minus. 5 
+ Ihave thought good here alfots giue you that difcourfé touching the Poets Hyacinth, which 
being tranflated outof Dodyneus, was formerly vnfitly put into the chapter of Hyacinths , which 
therefore I there omitted, and haue here reftored to his duc place, as you may feeby Dadonens, 
Pempt.r.lib.r2.cap.2. + 

t Thereisa Lilly which Ouid,Metamrrph ib. to. calls Hyacinthys, of the boy Hyacint 
whofebloud he feigneth that this floure {orang whenhe perithed as he was playing with 


a eee 


194 : Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis... 


for whofe fake, he faith, th 


at Apollo did print certaine letters and notes ofhis mourning. Thefe are 


his words : 


Which lately were el 


Ecce cruor,quifufus humo fignawerat herbas, 

Definit effe cruor,Tyri0g ue mitentior oftro . 

Flos oritur,formamaue capit quam Lilia, fi non 
Purpurens color his argenteus effet inillis, 

Non fatis hoc Phecbo eft, (ss enim fut auctor honoris) 
Ip(é (uos gemitus ols infcribit, Co ai at, 

Flos habet infcriptum, funeftaque litera ducta eft. 
egantly thus rendred in Englith by M. Sands + 


Behold ! the bloud which late the graffe had dy’de 
Was now nobloud : from thence a floure full blowne, 
Far brighter than the Tyrian {carlet fhone: 

Which feem’d the fame, or did refemble right 

A Lilly, changing but the red to white. 

Nor fo contented, (for the Youth receiu'd 

That grace from Phebus) in the leaues he weaw'd 
The fad impreffion of his fighs, Ai, Ai, 

They now in funerall characters difplay,&c. 


£ 6 Liliumpurpureum minus, 
The fmall red Lilly. 


£5 Lilium crnentum fecundum caudem 
bulbulis donatum. 
Red Lilly with bulbes growing alongft 
the ftalke. 


Theocritus alfo hath made mention of this Hyacinth,in Boas Epitaph, in the t9. E74y/. which 
Eidylby fomeis attributed to Mofihus, and made his third. The words are thefe: 


NaydaniySt hare Ta otk pepe x) wAbo of a 
Anan: ovis mrarcihoror 


In Englith thus : 
Now Iacinth fpeake thy letters, and once more 


Imprint thy leaues with Ai, Ai, as before. : 
; Likewife 


Dia Of the Hiftorie of Plans. ays 


Likewife Virgil hath written hereofinthe third Eclog of his Bucolicks, 
Et me Phebus amat, Phebo [ua fermper apud me 
Minerafwit, lauri & fuawe rubens Hyacinthns. 
Phebus loues me, his gifts lalwayes haue, 
The e’re greene Laurel, and the Jacinth braue. 


Inlike manner alfo Nemefianus inhis fecond Eelog ofhis Bucolicks - 
Te fine me,mifero mihi Lilianigra videntur, 
Pallente(que Rofe, nec dulce rabens Hyacinthus : 
At fi tuvenias,c candida Lilia fient 
Purpureaque Rofe, cr dulce rubens H ‘yacinthus. 
Without thee, Loue, the Lillies blacke do feeme ; 
The Rofes pale, and Hyacinths I deeme 
Not louely red. But if thou com’fttome, 
Lillies are white, red Rofe and Iacinths be. 


The Hyacinths are faid tobe red which Ovid calleth purple; forthe red colour is fomtimes ter. 
med purple. Now itis thought this Hyaciathus is called Ferruginens,for that itis red ofa rufty iron 
colour: for as the putrifacion ofbraffe isnamed e4rugo ; fo the corruption of iron is called Fer- 
rago, which from the reddith colour is {tiled alfo Rubigo. “And certainly they arenota few that 
would haue Color ferrugineus to be fo called from the ruftwhich they thinke Ferrago. Yet this opi- 
nion is nor allowed of by all men, for fome iudge, that Color ferrugineus is inclining toa blew, for 
that when the beft iron is heated and wrought, when as it is cold againe it is of a colour neere vnto 
Blew, which from Ferrsm (or iron) is called Ferrugineus. Thefe latter ground themfelues vpon 
Pirgils authoritie, who in the fixth of his e4ineidos defcribeth Charons ferrugineous barge or boat, 
and prefently calleth the fame blew. His words aré thefe : 

Ipferatem conte (ubigit veli{qne miniftrat, 
Et ferrugineafubwedtat corpora Cymba, 
_He thrufting witha pole, and fetting failes at large, 
Bodies tranfports in ferrugineous barge. 
Andthena little after he addes ; 
Cerulean aduertit puppim, ripeque propinguat. 
He then turnes in his blew Barge, and the {hore 
Approches nigh to. 


And Claudius alfo, in his fecond booke of the carrying away of Proferpina, doth not alittle con: 
firme their opinions ; whowriteth, That the Violets are painted ferrugine dle, witha {weet iron 
colour. ‘: 

Sanguineo fhlendorerofas,vaccinea nigro 
Induit, & anlci violas ferrugine pingit. 
He trimmes the Rofe with bloudy bright, 
And Prime-tree berries blacke he makes, 
And decks the Violet witha fweet 
Darke iron colour which it takes. : . 

_ But letvs returne to the proper names from which we haue digreffed. Moft of the later Herbae 
rifts do call this Plant Hyacinthus Poeticus, or the Poets Hyacinth, Paufanias in his fecond booke of 
his Corinthiackes hath made mention of Ayacinthus called of the Hermonians, Comofandalos, fer- 
ting downe theceremonies done by them on their feftiuall dayes,iff honour of the goddeffe chtho- 
wia. The Priefts (faith he) and the Magiftrates for that yeare being, doe leadethe troupe of the 
pompe, thewomen and men follow after ;the boyes folemnly leade forth'the goddefle with a 
ftately thew : they go inwhite veftures, with garlands on theirheads made of a flourewhich the 
Inhabitants call Comofandalos, which is the blew or sky-coloured Hyacinth, hating the marks and 
letters of mourning as aforefaid, 

© The Nature. 

The floure ofthe red Lilly (as Galen faith) is ofa mixt temperature, partly ofthinne,and partly 
ofanearthly effence. The root and leaues do dry and cleanfé, and moderately digeft,or walte and 
confume away. : 

© The Vertues. 

The leaues of the herbe applied are good againft the ftinging of Serpents, A 

ree fame boiled and tempered with vineger are good againft burnings,and-heale greenwounds p 
and Vicers, 

The root rofted in the embers, and pounded with oyle of Rofes cureth burnings, and foftneth (e 
hasdhe ff of the matrix. 

. The 


—— 


os ~~ Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. i. 


D The fame ftamped wrth honey cureth the wounded finewes and members out of ioynt. It takes 
away themorphew, wrinkles, and deformitie of the face. ‘ 
E Stamped with Vineger, the leaues of Henbane,and wheat meale, itremoueth hot fwellings of 
the ftones, the yard,and matrix. 
F — Thesoots boyled in Wine (faith P/iay) caufeth the comes of the feet to fall away within few * 
dayes,with remouing the medicine vntill it haue wrought his clfec. 
G Being drunke in honied water, they driuc out by fiege vnprofitable bloud. 


Cuar.104; Of ALountaine Lilhes, 


@ The Defiription. 


i He great mountaine Lilly hath acloued bulbe or fealy root like torhofe of the Red 
Lilly, yellow of colour, very fmall in refpeé of the greatnefle of the plant : From the. 
which rifeth vp a ftalke, fometimes two or three, according tothe age of the plant; 

whereof the middle ftalke commonly turneth from his roundneffe into a flat forme, as thofe of 
thewhite Lilly of Conftantinople. Vpon thefe ftalkes do grow faire leaues of ablackifh greene 
colour, inroundles and fpaces as the leaues of Woodroofe, not vnlike to the leaues of white Lil- 
lie, but fmallerat the top of the,ftalkes. The floures be in numberinfinite, or at the leaft hard to 
be counted, very thicke fet or thruft together, of an ouerworne purple, fpotted on the infide with 
many {mall fpecks of the colour of rufty iron. The whole floure doth turne it felfe backeward at 
fuch time as the Sunne hath caft his beames vpon it, like vnto the Tulipa or Turkes Cap, as the 
Lilly or Martagon of Conftantinople doth , from the middle whereof doe come forth tender 
pointalls with {mall dangling pendants hanging thereat, of the colour the floure is potted with, 


1 Lilinms montanum majus. a, Lilium montanum mines 6 ¢ 
Thegreat mountaine Lilly. Small Mountaine Lilly. 


Ait rors eee 


$e 


yar al. ~ Of the Hiftory of Plants. eee i97 


2 The fmall mountaine Lilly is very like vnto the former in root, leafe,ftalke,and floures :dif. 
fering in thefe points ; The whole plant ts %<ffer, the ftalke neuer leaueth his round forme,and bea= 
reth fewer floures. 

¢ There are two or three mote varieties of thefe plantsmentioned by Cliefiuss thé oné of this 
Jefler kinde, with floures on the outfide of a fleth colour, and on the infide white, ivith b'ackith 
{pots ; as alfo another wholly whitewithoat fpots. The third varictie is like the firt, but differs 
in that thefloures blow later; and {mel fweer. 

Thefe plants grow in the woody mountaines of Styria and Hungaric, and alfo in fuch like pla: 
ces onthe North of Francfort,vponthesfoene. + ~ 

The final] fort Ihaue had many yeares growing in my garden: but the greater I haue not had 
till of late, giuen me by my louing friend M. Lames Garrét Apothecarie of London; 

q The Time. 

Thefe Lillics of the mountaine floure at fuch time as the common white Lilly doth,and fome- 

times fooner, 


The Names: 

The great mountaine Lilly is called of Tabernarmontanus, Lilium Saracenicum,receiued by Mafter 
Garret aforcfaid from Lifle in Flanders, by thename of Atartagon Imperiale : of fome,Lilinm Sara- 
senicum mas : It is Hemerocallis flore rubcllo, of Lobel. 

The finall mountaine Lilly is called in Latine; Lilium montanum, and Lilium /ylueftré : of Dodo- 
mens; Hemerocallis : of others, Martagon : but neither truly ; for that there is of either, other Plants 
properly called by the fame names. In high Dutch itis called Goldtourts, from the yellownesie 
ofthe roots : inlow Dutch, Lilikens ban Caluarien sin Spanith, Lirie Amarillo: in French, Lys 
Sauvage : in Englith, Mountaine Lilly. 

@ The Nature and Vertues. 

There hath not beene any thing left in writing either of the nature or vertues of thefe plants : 
notwithftanding we may deeme, that God which gaue them fuch feemely and beautifull fhape, 
hath not left them without their peculiar vertues ; the finding out whereofwe leaue to the learned 
and iriduftrious Searcher of Nature, 4 


Cuar. 10s. Of the Red Lillie of (Conftantinople. 


1 Lilium Biantinum. $ 2 Lilium ByZantinum flo. purpuro fangninen, 
The red Lilly of Conftantinople. The Byzantine purplifh fanguine-coloured Lilly, 


5 The 


198 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 1. 


@ The Defcription. 


I Hered Lilly of Conftantinople hath a yellow fealy or cloued Root like vnto the 
Mountaine Lilly, but greater: from the which arifeth vp a faire fat ftalke a finger 
thicke, ofa darke purplith colour toward the top ; which fometimes doth turne from 

his natural! roundneffe into a flat forme,like as doth the great mountaine Lilly : vpon which ftalk 
grow fundry faire and moft beautifull flourcs, in fhape iike thofe ofthe mountaine Lilly, but of 
greater beauty, feeming as itwere framed of redwax, tending to a red leade colour. From the 
middle of the floure commeth forth a tender pointall or peftell,and likewife many fmall chiues 
tipped with foofe pendants. The floure is ofa reafonable pleafant fauour. The leaues ate confu- 
fedly fet about the ftalke like thofe of the white Lilly,but broader and fhorter. : 

$+ 2 Thishathalarge Lilly-like root, from whicharifetha ftalke fome cubit, or more in 

height, fet confufedly with leaues like the precedent. The floures alforefemable thofe of the laft 
defcribed, but vfually are more in number, and they are of a purplifh fanguine colour. 


£ 3 Lilium ByXantinum flo.dilute ru- £ 4. Lilium Byxantinum miniatum 
bente. polyanthos. 
The light red Byzantine Lilly, The Vermilion Byzantine many- 
floured Lilly. 


Sibiu Nhebceslerncn, 


3 This differs little from the !aft, but in the colour of the floures, which ate ofa lighter red 
colour than thofeof the firft deferibed. The leaues and ftalkes alfo, as Clufins obferueth, are ofa 
lighter greene. ; 

4 This mayalfomore fitly be termed avarietie from the former, than otherwife : for accor- 
ding to (lu/ius, the difference is onely in this, that the floures grow equally from the top of the 
ftalke,and the middle floure rifes higher than any of the reft,and fometimes confifts of twelue 
leaues as it were a twinne, as you may perceiue by the figure. + 

q The Time, 
They floure and flourith with the other Lillies. 
qq The 


 Duped OF the Hiftory of Plants. : 4 99 


| The Names. 
The Lilly of Conftantinople is called likewife in England, Martagon of Conftantinople : of 
Lobel, Hemerocallis Chalcedonica, and likewife Lilium Bixantinum . of the Turks it is called Zufiniare: 
of the Venetians, Marocal7. 


| The Nature andV ertues, 
Of the nature os vertues there is not any thing as yet fet down,but it is efteemed efpecially for 
the beautic and rareneffe of the floure; referring what may be gathered hereof to a further confi. 
deration, 


t+ Cuar,. 106. . 
Of the narrow leaned reflex Lillies. 
G The Defcription. 
teit He root of this isnot much vnlike that of other Lillies ; the ftalke is fome cubit 


high, or better, the leaues are many and narrowyand ofa darker green than thofe 

of the ordinarie Lilly; the floures are teflex,like thofe.treated of in the laft chap. 
ofared or Vermilion colour. This floures in theendof May : wherefore Clufius calls it Liliwm rus 
brum precox, The earl y ted Lilly, 


$1 Lilium rubrum ancuftifolium. F3 Lilium mont. Flore flano punéato, 
The red narrow leaued Lilly. _ The yellow mounttaine Lilly with 


PANE Pome Tn the {potted floure. | 


2 This Plant is much more beautifull than the lat deferibed , the roots are like thofe of Lil: 
lies, the Ralke fome cubit and an halfe in height, being thicke {et with {mall graffie leaues. The 
floures grow out one aboue another, in fhape and colour like thofe of the laft deferibed, but of 

Pa 2 


2 time: 


Se eee oe OT eee : oe 
200 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li Bt 


times are more in number, fo that fome one ftalke hath borne fome 48 floures. The root is much 


like the former, — 45 
3 Thisin roots is like thofe afore de- 


$ 4 Lilinm mont. flore flano non punctato. {cribed , the ftalkeis fome 2 cubits high, 
The yellow Mountaine Lilly with the fet confufedly with long narrow leaues, 
vnfpotted floure. with three confpicuous nerues running a- 


long ft them. T he floures are at firft pale co- 
loured, afterwards yellow, confifting of fix 
leaues bended backe to their ftalkes, 8 mar- 
ked with blackifh purple fpots. 

There is alfo another differing from 
the laft defcribed onely in that the floure 
is not {potted,as that of the former. 

| The Place. 

Thefe Lillies are thought Natiues of the 
Pyrenean mountaines,and of late yeares are 
become Denizons in fome of our Englifh 
gardens. 

@ The Time, 

The fir (as [haue faid) floures in the 

end of May :thereft in Tune, 


q The Names. 

t This iscalled by Clufius, Liliumrn- 
brum pracox. 

2 Clufius names this,Lilinm rubrum pre- 
cox 3. anguftifolinm. Lobel {tiles it, Hemero- 
callis Macedonica, and Martacon Pomponenm. 

3 Thisis Lilium flano flore maculis diftine 
um of Clufiusand Lilium montanum flano flo, 
of Lobel. 

} 4 This being a varietic of the laft, is 
called by Clufins, Lilium flano flore maculis non 
diftinétum. 


\ 


ZS 


fix The Temper awd Vertues. 
Thefe in all likelihood cannot much differ ftom the temperand vertues of other Lillies,which 
inall their parts they fo much refemble, + 


Cuar. 107. OfthePerfian Lily. 


| The Defiription. 


He Perfian Lilly hath for his root a great white bulbe,ditfering in fhape from the other Lil- 
lies, hauing one great bulbe firme or folid, full of juyce, which commonly each yeare fet- 
teth off or encreafeth one other bulbe,and fometimes mote, which the next yeare after is 

taken from the mother root, and fo bringeth forth fuch floures as the old plant did. From this 
root rifethvpa fat thicke and ftraight ftemme of two cubits high, whereupon is placed long nar- 
row leaues ofa greene colour, declining to blewnes as doth thofe ofthe woade. ‘The floures ¢ crow 
along ft the naked part of the ftalke like little bels, of an ouer-worne purple colour, hanging down 
their heads, cuery one hauing his owne foot-ftalke of two inches long, as alfo his peftel! or clap- 
per from the middle part of the floure ; which being paftand withered,there is not found any feed 
atall, as in other plants, but is increafed onely in his root. 


oe q The Place. 
This Perfian Lilly groweth naturally in Perfia and thofe places adiacent, whereof it tooke his 


-name,and is now (by the induftrie of Trauellers into thofe countries > louers of Plants) made a 
Tenizon in fome few ofour London gardens. : 


G The 


Lian OF the 'Hiftory of Plants, 201 
Es © The Time. " 


This plant floureth from the beginning of May, tothe end of luihe. 
i 4 The Names. 

This Perfian Lilly is called in Latine, Lilivm Perficum, Lilium Suftanum, Pennacio Perfiano, and 
Pannaco Perfiano,cither by the Turks themfelues,or by fuchas out of thofe parts broucht then into 
England , but which ofbothis vncertaine, Alphonfus Pancins, Phyfition tothe Duke of Ferrara, 
when as he fent the figure of this Plant vnto Carolus Clufius, added this titte, Peanacio Perfiano? Pi- 
antabelli(imma gy b fpecie di Giglio Martagon, diuer{i della corona Imperiale: That is in Englith, This 
mott clegant plant Pevmacio of Perfia is a kinde of Lilly or Martagon,differing from the floure cal- 
led the Crowne Imperial]. ; Ips 
Lilium Perficum, 


The Perfian Lilly, 


ee iilliuuane 
may 


My 


@ The Nature and Vertues, 


There is not any thing knowne of the nature or vertues of this Perfian Lilly,efteemed as yet for 
his rareneffe and comely proportion ; although (if I might be fo bold with a ftranger that hath 
‘vouchfafed to trauell fo many hundreds of railes for our acquaintance ) we haue in our Englith 
ficlds many fcores of foures in beauty far excelling it, 


eee Se RE a a oe 
Cuar.108. Of the Crowne Fmperiall, 


g The Defcription. 


os Crowne Imperial hath forhis root athicke firme and folid bulbe,couered witha yellow- 
ih filme or skinne, from thewhich rifeth vp a greatthicke fat ftalke two cubits high, in the 
bare and naked part of'a darke ouerworne dusky purple colour. The leaues grow confufedly about 
the falke like thofe of the white Lilly, but narrower : the floures Stow at the top of the ftalke, in- 
compaffing it round in forme ofan Imperial RON AGa whereof it tooke his name) hanging ve. 
X 3 heads 


202 


Corona Imsperialis. "The Crowne Imperial. 
e WWnyY? Wy prank 


f £ 
HG 


Corona Imperialis cum femine. 
Crowne Imperial] with the feed. 


Oftthe Hiftorie of Plants. Buin 


Corona Imperialis duplici corona. 
The double Crowne Imperiall, 


heads downward as it were bels : in colour 
it is yellowith ; orto giue you the true co- 
lour, which by words otherwife cannot be 
exprefled,if you lay fap berries in fteepe in 
faire water for the {pace of two houres,and 
mix a little Saffron with that infufion,and 
lay it vpon paper, it fheweth the perfec 
colour to limne or illumine the floure 
withall, The backfideof the faid floure is 
ftreaked with purplifh lines, which doth 
Saal fet forth the beauty thereof.In the 

ottome ofeach of thefe bells there is pla- 
ced fix drops of moft cleere fhining {weet 
water,in taft like fugar,refembling in fhew 
faire Orient pearles ; the which drops if 
you take away, there do immediately ap- 
peare the like: notwithftanding if they 
may be fuffered to ftand fill in the floure 
according to his owne nature, they wil ne- 
uer fall away, no not if you ftrike the plant 
vatill itbe broken. Amongft thefedrops 
there ftandeth outa certaine peftell,as alfo 
fundry {mal chiues tipped with fmall pen- 
dants like thofe of the Lilly:aboue the 
whole floures there growes a tuft of green 
leaues like thofe ypon the ftalke,but fmal- 
ler. After the floures be faded, there fol- 
low cods or feed-veffels fix {quare, wherein 


iS 


Lis. 1. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. iam 


2} 


— 


is contained flat feeds, tough and limmer, of the colour of Mace; The whole plant , as welltroots 
as floures, do fauour or fmellvery likea Fox. As the plant groweth old, fo doth itwax rich; brin- 
ging forth a Crowne of floures among ft the vppermoft greene leaues, which fome make a fecond 
kinde, although in truth they are but one and the felfe fame, which in time is thought to grow toa 
triple crowne, which hapneth by the age of the root, and fertilitie of the foile;whofe fi gure or tipe 
Thaue thought good toadioyne with that pi@ture alfo which in thetime of his infancie it had, 
Gq The Place. 
This plant likewife hath been brought from Conftantinople amongft other bulbousroots,and 
made Denizons in our London gardens,whereof I haue great plenty. 
GQ The Time. 
It floureth in Aprill, and fometimes in March, whenas the weather is warme and pleafant. The 
feed is ripe in Iune. 


| The Names. 

This rare & ftrange Plant is called in Latine,Corona Tmperialisand Lilium Byzantinwm:the Turks 
doe call it Canale lale, and Tufai, And as diuers have fent into thefe parts of thefe roots at fun- 
dry times, fo haue they likewife fent them by fundry names ;fome by thename Tafa 3 Others, To4- 

Sa, and Tuy(chiachi, and likewife Turfani and Tu fanda. t Clufius, and that not without good rea- 
fon, iudgeth this tobe the Hemerocallis of Dioftorides, mentioned Lib, 3-Cap.120, + 
@| The Nature and¥ evtues. 


The vertue of this admirable plant is not yet knowne , neither his faculties or temperature in 
working, 


t  Ifthis bethe Hemerocallis of Diofcorides,you may finde the vertues thereof {pecified pag. 99. ofthis Worke; wherein my iudgement they arenot fo firly placed 
as they might haue beene here : yet we at this day haue no knowledge of the phy(icall operation of either of thofe plants mentioned an that place, or of this treated 


ee 
Cuar.to9. Of Dogs Tooths 


q The Defcription. 


I .* Here hath not long fince beene found out a goodly bulbous rooted plant, and termed 
Satyrion, which was fuppofed tobe the true Satytion of’ Diofcorides, afterthat it was 
cherifhed, and the vertues thereof found out by the ftudious fearchers of nature. Little difference 
hath bin found betwixt that plant of Dioftorides and this Dens caninus, except in the colour, which 
(as you know) doth commonly vaty according to the diuerfitie of places where they grow, as it 
falleth out in Squilla, Onions, and the other kindes of bulbous plants. It hath moft commonly 
two leaues, very feldome three ; which leafe in fhape is very like to 4llium Vrfinum, or Ramfons, 
though farre leffe. The leaues turne downe to the groundward ; the ftalke is tender and flexible 
like to Cyclamen, or Sow-bread, about an handfull high, bare and without leaues to the root. The 
proportion of the floure is like that of Saffroror the Lilly Hloure, full of ftreames of a purplith 
whitecolour. The root is bigge,and like vntoa date, with fome fibres growing from it: yntothe 
faid root is a finall flat halfe round bulbe adioyning, like vnto Gladiolus, or Corn-flas. 

2 The fecond kinde is farre greater and larger than the firft, inbulbe, ftalke, leaues,floure,and 
cod, Ityeeldeth two leaues for the moft part, which do clofe onewithin another, and at the firfk 
they doc hide the floure (for fo long as it brings not out his floure) it feemes to haue but one leafe 
like the Tulipa’s, and like the Lillies, though fhorter, and for themoft part broader; wherefore I 
haue placed it and his kindes nextvnto the Lillies, before the kinds of orchis of ftones, The leaviés 
which it beareth are {potted with many great fj pots ofa darke purple colour , and narrow below, 
but by little and little toward the topwax broad, and after that erow tobe fharpe pointed, in form 
fomewhat neere Ramfons, but thicker and more oleous. When the leaues be wide opened the 
floure theweth it felfe vpon his long weake naked ftalke, bow ing toward the earth-ward , which 
floure confifteth of fix very long leaues of a fine delayed purple colour, which with the heatof the. 
Sunne openeth it felfe, and bendeth his leaues backe againe after the manner of the Cyclamen 
floure, within which there are fix purple chiues, and awhite three forked ftile or peftell. This 
floure is of no pleafant fmell, but commendable for the beauty : when the floure is faded’; there 
fucceedeth a three f quare huske or head, wherein are the feeds, which are very like them of Leucoi- 
um buibofune precox: but longer, flenderer,and of a yellow colour, Theroot is long, thicker below 
than aboue,fetwith many white fibres, waxing very tender in the vpper part, hauing one or more 
off-fets, or young thoots, from which the ftalkearifeth outof the ground (as hath been faid) britt- 
ging forth two Icaues, and not three, or onely one, faue when it will not floure. 

2 The 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisia 


The third kinde is inall things like the former, faue in the leaues,which are narrower,and 
in the colour of the floure, which is altogether white, or confifting ofa colour mixt of purple and 
white. Wherefore fith there is no other difference, it fhall fuffice to haue faid thus much for the 


deicription. 


204, 


@ The Place. 
Thefe three plants grow plentifully at the foot of certain hills in the greene and moift grounds 
of Germanie and Italy, in Styria not far from Gratz, as alfo in Modena and Bononia in Italy, and 


likewife in fome of thechoice gardens of this countrey. 
q TheTime. 


They floure in Aprill,and fometimes fooner,as in the middle of March. 


x1 Dens caninuse 2 Dens canins flore albo aneuftioribus folgs. 
Dogs tooth. White Dogs tooth. 
Crpthosmnian mS scams> 


a] The Names 


This plantiscalled in Latine, Dens caninus and fome haue iudged it Satyrinm Erythroninm. 
Matthiolus calls it Pfeudohermodactylus. Themenof the countrey where it groweth call it Schotta 
twurts: and the Phyfitians about Styriacallit Dentali, The fecoud may for diftin@tions fake be 
termed Dens caninus lore albo, anguftioribus foly/s ; that is, Dogs toothwith the white floure and nar- 
row leaues, 

| The Nature. 

Thee are ofavery hot temperament,windic,and ofan excrementitious nature,as may appeare 
by the vertues, A ; 
q The Vertues. 

The Women that dwell aboutthe placewhere thefe grew, and do grow, haue with great profit 
put the dried meale or pouder of it intheir childrens portage, againft the wormes of the belly. 

» Being drunke with Wine it hath been proued maruelloufly to affvage the Collicke paffion. 

Ie ftrengthneth and nourifheth the body in great meafure, and being drunke with water it cu- 
reth children of the falling fickneffe. 

Chap. 


Liz. 1. Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


Cuap. 110, Of Dogs ftones. 


@ The Kindes. 

Tones or Tefticles, as Diofcorides faith are of two forts,one named Cynoforchis,or Dogs ftones, 
the other Orchis Serapias, or Setapias his tones. Butbecaufe there be many and fundry other 
forts differing one from another, I fee not how they may be contained vnder thefe twokinds 

onely : therefore I haue thought good to diuide them as followeth. The fir kind we haue named 
Cynoforchis, ot Dogs ftones : the fecond, Te/ticulus Morionis,or Fooles ftones : the third,7ragorchis, 
or Goats ftones :the fourth, Orchis Serapias, or Serapia’s ftones :the fifth, Tefticulus odoratus, ot 
{weet {melling ftones,or after Cordys, Tefticulus Pumilio, or Dwarfe ftones. 


t 1 Cyaoforchis maior. t 2 Cynoforchis major altera, 


Great Dogs ftones, 


| The Defcription. 


z * Reat Dogs {tones hath foure, and fometimes fiue,ereat broad thicke leaues,fomwhat 
like thofe ofthe garden Lilly, but finaller. The ftalke rifeth vp a foot or more in 
height ; at the top whereofdoth stow athicke tuft of carnation or horfe-fleth colou- 

red floures, thick and clofe thrutt together, made of many final! floures {potted with purple {pots, 
in fhape like to an open hood orhelmet, And from the hollow place there hangeth forth a certain 
Jagged chiue or taffell, in thape like to the skinne of a Dog, or fome fuch other foure footed beat. 
The roots be round likewntothe ftones ofa Dog, or two oliues, one hanging fomewhat thorter 
than the other, whereof the highett oy vppermoft is the fmaller, but fullerand harder. The lowere 
moft is the greateft,lighteft, and mot wrinkled or fhriueled,not good forany thing. 

2 Whitith Dogs ftones hath likewife {mooth, long broad |caues,butlefferand narrower than 

thofeof the firftkinde. The falkeisa {pan long, fet with fiue or fix leau 


: es clafping or embracing 
the fame round about. His {pikiefloure is thort, thicke, buthy,co 


mpact of many fmall whitith 
purple 


406 ~~ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lise. 


os 


purple coloured floures, {potted on the infide with many fmall purple {pots and little lines or 
ftrcakes. The {mall floures are like an open hood or helmet, hauing hanging out of euery one as 
it were the body ofa little man without a head, with armes ftretched out, and thighes {tradling 
abroad, after the fame manner almoft that the little boyes are wont to be pictured hanging out o' 

Saturnes mouth. The roots be like the former. ; ; 

3 Spotted Dogs ftones bring forth nartow leaues, ribbed in fome fort like vnto the leaves of 
narrow Plaintaine orR ib-wort, dafht with many blacke ftreakes and fpots. The ftalke isa cubit 
and more high :atthe top whereof doth grow a tuft or eare of violet-coloured floures,mixed with 
adarke purple, but in the hollowneffe thereof whitifh , not of the fame forme or fhape that the 
others are of, but leffer, and as it were refembling fomewhat the floures of Larkes-{pur. The roots 

Ke 7 ner. = 4 * 
% € Snes ftones haue many thicke blunt leaues next the root, thick ftreaked with lines 
ornerues like thofe of Plantaine, The floure is ofawhitifh red orcarnation :the ftalkand roots 


be like the former. 


irs Cynoforchis maculata. 4 glee — a 
Spotted Dogs ftones. Marith Dogs ftones, 


£ 5 Thishath fiucor fix little leaues , the ftalke is fome handfull or better inheight, fera- 
bout with fomewhat lefle leaues : the tuft of Houres atthe top of theftalke are of a purplecolour, 
finall, with awhite lip diuided into foure partitions hanging downe, which alfo is lightly {potted 
with purple; it hath a little {purre hanging downe on the hinder part of each floure. The feed is 
fmall, and contained in fuch twined heads as in other plants ofthis kinde. ‘The roots are like the 
former, but much lefle. + 


? q The Place. 

Thefe kindes of Dogs ftones do grow in moift and fertilemedowes. The marifh Dogs ftones 
grow for the moft part in moiftand waterith woods, and alfo inmarifh grounds, £ The 5 growes 
inmany hilly places of Auftria and Germanie. + i 

@ The Time. 
They floure from the beginning of May to the midft of Auguft, . 
; a The 


Fptne it Of the Hiftoric of Plants. “ 207 


The Names. 

The firft and fecond are of that kinde Se Diofcorides calleth Cynofarchos ; that is. in Englith,, 
Dogs ftones, after the common or vulgar fpeech ; the one the = oa the other the leffer, 

# 1 This is Cyxoforchis prior of Dodonaus , Cynoforchis noftra major of Lobe, 

2 Dodonaus names this Cynoforchis altera. Lobel, Cynoforchis majoris fecunda [pecics, 

3 This Lobel calls Cynofarchis Delphiniayc. Tabern. Cynoforchis maculata, 

4. Dodoneus calls this, Cynoforchis tertia : Lobel, Cyroforchis major altera noflras : Tabernam: Cyngs 
forchis major quarta. 

5 This is Clufins his Orchés Pannonica quarta. 

| The Temperature, \ 

Thefe kindes of Dogs ftones be of temperature hotand moift, but the greater or fuller ftone 
feemeth to haue much fuperfluous windineffe, and therefore being drunke it ftirreth vp fleth! y 
luk, The fecond, which is leffer, is quite contrarie 

in nature, tending toa hot and dry tem perature ; 
therefore his root is fo far from mouing venerie, 


+ § Cynoforchis minor Pannnonica, that. contrariwife it {taieth and keepeth it backe, 
The leffer Auftrian Dogs ftones. as Galen teacheth. : 

ie He alfoaffirmeth,that Serapia’s ftoncs ate ofa 

Oacliy Messtceorta. .. more dry facultie, and doe not fo much preuaile 


to ftitre vp the luft of the fleth. 
| The Vertues. 

Diofcorides writeth that it is reported > Lhatiia A 
men doe eate of the great full or fat toots of 
thefe kindes of Dogs flones, they caufe them to 
beget male children ; and if women eate of the 
leffer dry or barren root which is withered of 
fhriueled, they fhall bring forth females. Thefe 
are fome Doétors opinions onely. 

Itis further reported, That in Theflalia the RB 
women giue the tender fill root to be drunke in 
Goats milke, to moue bodily luft,and the dry to 
reftraine the fame, 

gy The Choice, 

Ourage vfeth allthekindes of ftones to {titre 
vp venery,and the Apothecaries mix any of them 
indifferently with compofitions feruing for that 
purpofe. But the beft and moft effectual! are 
thefe Dogs ftones,as moft haue deemed:yet both 
the bulbes or ftoncs are not to. be taken indiffe- 
rently, but the harder and fuller,and that which 
containes moi quantity ofiuyce , for that which 
is wrinkled is leffe profitable, or not fitat all to 
bevfed in medicine. And the fuller root is not 
alwaics the greater, but often the leffer, efpecial- 
ly ifthe roots be gathered before the plant hath 
fhed his floure,or when the ftalke firft commetlt - 
vp; for thatwhich is fuller of iuyce is not the 
poe before the feed be perfectly ripe. For feeing that euery other yeare by courfe one ftone or 

ulbewaxeth full, the other empty and peritheth, it cannot be that the harder and fuller of iuyce 
fhould be alwaies the greater ; for at fuch time as the leaues come forth,the fuller then beginns to 
encreafe, and whilft the fame by little & little encreafeth, the other doth decreafe and wither till 
the feed be ripe : then the whole plant, together with the leaues and ftalkes doth forthwith falt 
away and perith, and that which in the meane time encreafed, remaineth {till frefh and full vnto 
the next yeare. 


T Thefigures of the fick and fcond were tranfpofed in the formes Editign ; the third was of the Cyreforchis moria mas, following in thenext chapter. 


Cuapr, 


OE Oe a Pe ee os SS eee eae 
208 Of the Hittorie of Plants. - Diels 


Cuar.itt. Of Fooles Stones. - 


@ The Defcription. : 

E He male Foole ftones hath fiue,fometimes fix long broad and fmooth feaues, not va- 
like tothofe of the Lilly, fauing that they are dafht and {potted in fundry places 
with blacke {pots and ftreakes. The floures grow at the top, tuft or {pike fafhion, 

fomewhat like the former, but thruft more thicke together,in fhape like to a fooles hood,or cocks 
combe,wide open, or gaping before, and as it were crefted aboue,with certaine eares ftanding vp 


by every fide, and a {mall taileor fput hanging downe, the backefide declining to a violet colour, 
ofa pleafant fauour or fmell. 


+1 Cynoforches Morio mas. a Cynoforchis Morio femina, 
The male Foole ftones. The female Foole ftones. 
Orhs mescerk eo O chon Ynevcer 


+. The Female Fooles ftones haue alfo fmooth narrow leaues, ribbed with nerues liké thofe 
of Plantaine. The Aoures belikewife gaping, and like the former, as itwere open hoods, with a 
little horne or heele hanging behinde eucrie one of them, and fmall greene leaues forted or mixed 
among them,refembling cockes combes, with little ares, not ftanding ftraight vp, butlying flat 
vpon the hooded fioure, in fuch fort, thatthey cannotat the fudden view be perceiued, The roots 
are a paire of finall {tones like the former. ‘The floures of this fort doe varie infinitely in colour, 
according to the {oile or countrey where they do grow : fome bring forth their floures of a deepe 
violet colour, fomeas whiteas {now ; fome of a flefh colour, and fome garnifhed with {pots of di- 
uers colours,which are not poffible to be diftinguithed. 

+ 3. This hath narrow {potted Jeaues, with a ftalke fome foot or more high,at the top wher- 
of groweth a tuft of purple floures in fhape much like thofe of the laft deferibed, each floure con- 
fitting of a little hood, two fimall wings or fide leaues , and a broad lippe or leafe hanging 
downe, £ 


@ The 


Lise. “Of the Hiftory of Plants, ee 


a a 


£ 3 Cynoforchés Morio minor, j @ The Place, 
The leffer fpotted Fooles ftones. 
Thefe kindes of Fooles ftones do grow natu- 
rally to their bet liking in paftures and fields 
that feldome or neuer ate duaged Or manured, 


% 


4 ; TheTimc, 


They floure in May and Tune, Theit ftones 
are to be gathered for medicine in September, 
as are thofe of the Dogs ftones, 


©] The Names, 


The firftis- called Qynofarchés Mario + of Puch. 
fius, Orchis mas anguftifolia sof Apuleius,Satyrion: 
and alfo it is the Orchis Delphinia’ of Cornelius 
Gemma. * 

t The fecond ts Cynoforchis morio femina of 
Lobel : Orchis anguftifalia feminof Fuchfius > Ten 
friculus Morionis famina Of Dodoneus, 

2 - "hus is Cynofor cis mining: & fecundins 
Canlenm, OC, maculafis folis, Of Lobel, ¢ 


G The Temperature, 
Fooles ftones both male and female are hoy 
and moift of nature,e- 


q The vévenes, 
Thefe Fooles ftones are thought to haue thé 
vertues of Dogs ftones, whereunto they are rey 
ferred, suet 


T The art was of Crane aug being the third in the former chapter 
Car. 112, Of Goats Stones, 
@ The Defcription, 


I To Stcateft of the Goats ftones bringeth forth broad leaues » tibbed in fome fort like 

vnto the broad Ieaued Plantaine, but larger : the flalke gtoweth tothe height of a cu- 

bir, fet with fuch great leaues cuen to the top of the ftalke by equall diftances, The tuft or buth 

Of'floutes is fmalland flat Open,with many tender itrings or laces comming from the middie part 

Of thofe fmall floures, crookedly tangling one with another, like to the finall tendrels of the 

Vine, or rather the laces or ftrings that 8 row vpon the herbe Sauorie. The whole floure confifteth 
ofa purple colour. The foots are like the reft of the Orchides, but greater, 

2 Themale Goats ftones haue leaues like to thofe of the garden Lilly, witha flalke a foor 
long, wrapped abouteuen to the tuftof the floure with thofe hic leaties. The floures which grow 
in this buth or tuft be very fmall, in forme like vnto a Lizard, becaufe. of the twifted Or writhen 
tailes,and {potted heads. Euery of thefé fmall foures is at the firfélikea round eclofe huske,ofthe 
bigneffe ofa peafe, which when it openeth there commeth out of it alittle long and tender {fpurre © 
Or taile, white toward the fetting of it to the floure, the reft {potted with red dafhes, having vpon 
cach fidea fmall thing adioyning vnto it, like toa little leg-or foot; thereft of the faid taile is 
twifted crookedly about, and hangeth downward. The whole plant hath aranke or ftinking {mel 
or fauour like the {mell of Goat,whereof it rooke his name. 3 

3 The female Goats ftones haue leaues like the male Kinde, fauing that they be much fmal- 
ler, hauing many floures on the tuft refembling the flies that feed Yponfleth, orratherticks. The 
ftones or roots, as alfo the {mellare like the former. 


S + 4 This 


210 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisst 
2 Tragorchismas. 
The male Goat ftones, 


. oe DEO OEM 


1 Tragorchis maximus. 
The greateft Goat ftones- 


§ UA Ur AMDWANNWY 


£ 4 Tragorchis minor Batanie h 
The {mall Goat ftones of Holland. 


Ore les Re QR 


3 Tragorchis femina, 
The female Goats ftones: 


\ 


1B. 1. 


i Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 211 


$4 This alfobecaufe of the vnpleafant fmell may fitly be referred to this Claffis. The roots 
hereof are fmall, and from them arife a ftalke fome halfe a foot high,befet with three or foure nar- 
row leaues : the tuft of floures which groweth on the top of this ftalke is fmal 1, and the colourof 
them is red without, but fomewhat paler within ; each floure hanging downe alippe parted in 
three. $ 

q The Place. 

I. 2. 3. Thefekindes of Goats ftones.delight to grow in fat clay grounds, and feldome in 
any other foile tobe found, 

¢ 4 This growesvpon the fea bankes in Holland, and alfo in fome places neere ynto the 
Hage. + 
5 | The Time. 
They floure in May and Iune with the other kindes of Orchis. 

@ The Names. 

| t 1 Some haue named this kind of Goats ftones in Greeke, faymee: in Latine, Pefticulus Hir. 
cinus, and alfo orchis Saurodes, or Scincophora, by reafon that the floures refemble Lizards. 

The fecond may be called Trazorchis mas, male Goats {tones sand Orchy Saurodes, or Sciacopha. 
ra, aswellas the former. 

The third, Tragorchis femina, as alfo Coriofmites,and Coriophora, for thatthe floures in fhapeand 
their vngratefull {mell refemble Ticks, called in Greeke wpne : + 

| The Nature and Vertues. 

The temperature and vertues of thefe are referred to the Fooles ftones, notwithftanding they 
ate feldome or neuer vfed in phyfick, in regard of the ftinking and loathfome fmel! and fauor they, 
are poffeffed with. ! 


Cuar.irz Of Fox Stones: 


1 Orchis Hermaphroditica, t 2 Tefticulus pficodes, 
Butter-fly Satyrion. _ Gnat Satytion, | 
Ohi bifelccl— 0) Uw» 1 (jo Wow 


$3 gq The 


212 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. i. 


a The Kinds. 

Here be diuers kindes of Fox-{tones, differing very much in fhape of their Ieaues, as alfo in 

floures : fome haue floures wherein is to be feene the fhape of fundry forts of lining creatures; 
fome the fhape and proportion of flies, in other gnats, fome humblebees, others like vnto honey 
Bees, fone like Butter-fies,and others like Wafpes that be dead ; {ome yellow of colour,others 
white; fome purple mixed with red, others ofa browne ouer-worne colour : the which feuerally 
to diftinguifh, as well thofe here fet downe, as alfo thofe that offer themfelues dayly to our view 
and confideration, would require a particular volume for there is not any plant which doth offer 
fuch varietie vnto vs as thefe kindes of Stones, except the Tulipa’s, which go beyond allaccount : 
for that the moft fingular Simpleft that eucr was in thefe later ages, Carolus Clufius (who for his 
fingular induftrie and knowledge herein is worthy triple honour) hath fpent at the leaft fiue and 
thirty yeares, fowing the feeds of Tulipa’s fromvyeare to yeare, and tothis day he could neuer at- 
taine to the end orcertaintie of their feuerall kindes of colours. The gteateft reafon whereof that 
L.can yeeld is this ; that if you take the feeds ofa Tulipa that bare white floures, and: fow ther in 
fome pan or tub with earth, you fhall recetue from that feed plants of infinite colours : contrariz 
wife , if you fow the feeds of a plant that beareth floures of variable colours, the moft of 
thofe plants will be nothing like the plant from whence the feed was taken. It fhall be fufficient 
therefore to fet downe moft of the varieties,and comprehend them in this chapter. 


q] The Defeription. 


I Vrter-fly Orchis, or Satyrion, beareth next the root two very broad leaues like thofe of 
the Lilly, feldome three: the floures be white of colour, refembling the fhape of a. 
Butter-fly : the ftalke is a foot high ; the root is two ftones like the other kindes of 
{tones or Cullions, but fomewhat fharper pointed. ee 
i 3 Teficulus Vulpinus 2. phegodes. ~ 4 Tefticulus Vulpinus major fhhegodes. 
Humble Bee Orchis, Watfpe Orchis. 


Oph ryd Cf i € (on 


2 Wafpe Satyrion commeth forth of the ground,bearing two,fomtimes three leaues like the 
former,but much fmaller. The ftalke groweth to the height of an hand, whereon are placed very 
orderly fall floures like in fhape to Gnats, and ofthe fame colour. The root is like the former. 

3) alii 


List Of the Hiftory of Plants. - 213 


3. The Humble Bee Orchis hath a few {mall weake and fhort leaues,which Srow featteringly 
about the ftalke : the floures grow at the top among the {mall leaues, refembling in thape the 
humble Bee. The root confitteth of two {tones or bulbes, with fome few threds annexed there- 
unto. 

4 The Wafpe Satyrion groweth out of the ground, hauing ftalkes fmall and tender. The 
feaues are like the former, but fomewhat greater, declining to abrowne or darke colour, The 
floures be {mall, of the colour ofa dry Oken leafe,in fhape refembling the great Bee,called in En- 
glifh an Hornet ordrone Bee. The root is like the other. 

§ Theleaues of Bee Satyrionare longer than the laft before mentioned , narrower, turning 
themfelues againft the Sunas itwereround. The ftalke is round, tender, and very fragile. At the 
top grow the floures, refembling the fhape of the dead carkafleofa Bee. The ftones or bulbes of 
the roots be fmaller and rounder than the laft defcribed. 

6 The Fly Satyrion is in his leaues like the other,fauing that they benot of fodark a colour: 


the floures be fimaller and more plentifully growing about the ftalke, in fhape like vato flies, ofa 
greenifh colour. 


+ 5 Orchis Melittias. t 6 Orchis Myodes, 
Bee Orchis. . Fly Satyrion, 


dis 


Yellow Orchis rifeth out of the ground with browne leaues,{maller than the laft before 
mentioned : the falk is tender and crooked. The floures grow atthe top yellow of colour, in fhape 
refembling the yellow flies bred in the dung of Kine after raine. 
8 The {mall yellow Satyrion hath leaues {pread vpon the ground,-at the firft comming vp, 
the flender ftalkerifeth vp in the midft, of halfea hand high. The floures grow featteringly to- 
, ward the top, refembling the flies laft before mentioned, darke or rufty of colour, The ftones or 
bulbes are very round, 

9 Birds Orchishath many large ribbed leaues,fpread vpon the ground like vnto thofe of Plan- 
taine among thewhich rifevp tender ftalkes coucted enen to the tuft of the floures with the like 
leaues, but leffer, in furch fort that the ftalkes cannot be feene for the leaues, The floures grow at 
the top, not fo thicke fet or thruft together as the others, purple of colour, like in fhape vnto little 
Birds, with theirwings {pread abroad ready to fly. The roots be like the former. 

to Spotted Birds Satyrion hath leaves like vnto the former, fauing that they be da‘lied or 


3 footred 


214 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lipint — 


{potted here and there with darke {pots or ftreakes, hauing a ftalke couered with the like leaues, 
{othat the plants differ not in any point, except the blacke {pots which this kinde is dafht with. 

11 White Birds:Satyrion hath leaues rifing immediately forth of the ground like vnto 
the blades or leaues of Leckes, but fhorter ; among the which rifeth vpa flender naked ftalketwo 
handfulls high ; on’the top whereof be white floures refembling the fhape or forme ofa fmall bird 
ready to fly, orawhite Butter-fly with herwings {pread abroad. The roots are round,and {maller 
than any of the former. 

12  Souldiers Satyrion bringeth forth many broad large and ribbed leaues, fpred vpon the 
ground like vnto thofe of the great plantaine : among the which rifeth vp a fat falke full of fap or 
iuyce, cloathed or wrapped in the like leaues eucn to the tuft of floures, whereupon do grow little 
floures refembling a little man hauing a helmet vpon his head, his hands and legges cut off, 
white vpon the infide, {potted with many purple {pots, and the backe part of the floure of a dee- 
per colour tending toredneffe. The roots be greater than any of the other kindes of Satyrions. 


+ 9 Orchis Myodes minor, 


+ 7 orchis Myodes Lutea, 
Small yellow Satyrion. 


Yellow Satyrion. 


13 Souldiers Cullions hath many leaues fpread vpon the ground, but leffer than the foldiers 
Satyrion, as is thewhole plant. The back fide of the floures are fomwhat mixed with whitenefle, 
and fometimes are afh coloured : the infide of the floure is {potted with white likewife. 

14 Spider Satyrion hath many thinne leaues like vnto thofe of the Lilly, featteringly fet vp- 
onaweakeand feeble ftalk; whereupon doth grow {mall floures,refembling as well in fhape as co- 
lour the body ofa dead humble Bee, $orrather of a Spider ; and therefore I thinke Lobel,who was 
the Author of this name, would haue faid Arachnitis, of sei, 2 Spider. £ 

+ 15 Thisbyright fhould bane beene put next the Gnat Satyrion, deferibed in the fecond 
place. Ithath fhort, yet pretty broad leaues, and thofe commonly three in number, befides thofe 
fall ones fet vpon the ftemme. The floures are fmall, and much like thofe ofthe fecond former- 
ly defcribed. 

+ 16 Our Authorgaue you this figure in the fourteenth place, vnder the title of orchis An- 
drachnitis , butit is of the Orchis 16. minor of Tabernam. ox Orchss Anguftifolia of Banhinus, This Or- 
chis is of the kinde of the afyodes, or Fly Satyrions, but his leaues are farre longer and narrower 


thar 
than 


| Lia. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 215 


hivovisibiilora. t 10 Orchis Ornithophara folio maculofo. 
Tt 9 ore py Spotted Birds Orchis, 


Birds Satyrion. 


12 Orchis Strateumatice, 
T 11 Orchisornithophor > ~ Souldiers Satytion, 
_ White Birds Orchis, > 


LSS 


SS 


216 Of the Hiftoriesof Plants, Lise. 


than any of the reft of that kinde, and therein confifts the onely and chiefeft difference. $ 
@ The Place. 


Thefe kindes of Orchis grow for the moft part in moift medowes and fertile paftures,as alfo in 
moift woods. 

The Bee, the Fly, and the Butter-fly Satyrions do grow vpon barren chalkie hills and heathie 
grounds, vpon the hils adioyning toavillage in Kent named Green-hithe, vpon long field downes 
by South-fleet, two miles from the fame place, and in many other places of Kent: likewife ina 
field adioyning toa fmall groue of trees, halfe a mile from Saint Albons, at the South end there- 
of. They grow likewife at Hatfield ncere S. Albons, by the relation of a learned Preacher there 
dwelling, M. Robert Abot,an excellent and diligent Herbarift. 


+ 13 Orchi Strateumatica minor, + 14 Orchis Andrachnitis. 
Souldiers Cyllions. Spider Satyrion. 


That kinde whichrefembleth the white Butter-fly groweth vpon the declining of the hill ar 
the North end of Hampfted heath, neere vnto a {mall cottage there in the way fide,as yee go from 
London to Hendenavillage thereby. It groweth in tfie fields adioyning to the pound or pinne- 
fold without the gate, at the Village called High-gate, necre London : and likewife in the wood 
belonging toa Worthipfull Gentleman of Kent named Matter Sidley,of South-fleet ; where doe 
grow likewife many other rareand daintie Simples, that arenot to be found elfewhere in a great 
circuit. 

@| The Time. 
They fioure for the moft part from May tothe end of Auguft, and fome of them fooner. 


| The Names. 


Thefe kindes of Orchis hauenot bin much written ofby the Antients, neither by the late wri- 


: ra - i n se rhe; 
ters to any purpofe,(o that it may content you for this time to receiue the names {ct down 2 rely 
euera 


List Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


feueral| titles, referuing what elfe might be faid as touching the Greeke,French,or Dutch names, 
or any generall definition vatill a further confideration, 


£15 Orchis trifolia minor. £16 Orchis anguftifolia 
Smal] Gnat Satyrion, Narrow leaued Satyrion, 


© The Nature andV ertues, 


The nature and vertues of thefe kindes of Orchis are referred vntothe others, namely to thofe 


regarded for the pleafant and beautifull floures, wherewith Nature hath feemed to play and di- 
{port her felfe. 


fol. mdcul. being the tenth. The third was of Trios. 
cris mas minor of Tabern-being a varietie of Cynoforchis morio farmina. The fifth was of Orchis Z atrachits. The Gxth, of Orchis 1 elittias. The feuenth and eighth were 


us fhegodes. The tenth was of the third, called TefliculusVulpinse, 
he fourth. "The fourteenth was of Orchis Angu(tifolia, 


eee Oe 


Cuapr.1 14. Of Sweet Cullions. 


; @ The Kindes, 
| eau be fundry forts of fiveet {melling Tefticles or Stones, whereof the fir is moft feet and 
pleafant in fell, the others of leffe fmell or fauour,differing in floure and roots. Some haue 
white floures, others yellow ; fome fleth coloured , fomedafht vponwhite witha little teddifh 
wath : fome haue two ftones, others three, and fome foure, wherein their difference confifteth, 


; Q] The Defiriprion, 

I He firft kinde of Sweet ftones is a fmall bafe and low plant in refpeé of all the reft : 
The leaues be final, parttow, and fhort, growing flat vpon the ground ; amoneft the 

which rifeth vpa fall weakeand tender ftalkeofa fin Ser long, whereupon doe gt 


jmiall 


— 


ee 
218 . ¢ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz. 1. 


—<—> 


{mall white floures {pike fafhion, of a pleafant {weet {mel. The roots are two {mall {tones in fhape 
like the other. 

2 Triple Orchis hath commonly three, yet fometimes foure bulbes or tuberous roots, fome- 
what long, fetwith many {mall fibres or fhort threads ; from the which roots rife immediately 
many flat and plaine leaues,ribbed with nerues alongft them like thofe of Plantaine : among the 
which come forthnaked ftalkes, {mall and tender, whereupon are placed certaine {mall white 
floures, trace fafhion, not fo fweetas the former in fmell and fauour. $ The top of the ftalke 
whereon the floures do grow,is commonly as if it were twifted or writhen about, + 

3. Friefeland Lady traces hath two {mall round ftones or bulbes, of the bigneffe of the peafe 
thatwe call Rouncifalls , from the which rife vp a few hairy leaues, leffer than thofe of the triple 
ftones,tibbed as the {mall leafed Plantaine :among the which commeth forth a fmall naked ftalk, 
fet round aboutwith little yellow floures, not trace fafhionas the former. ; 

4 Liege Lady traces hath for his roots two greater ftones, and two fmaller , from the which 
come vp twoand fometimes more leaues, furrowed or made hollow inthe midit like to a trough, 

from the which rifeth vp a flender naked ftalke, fet with fuch floures as the laft defcribed, fauing 
that they be ofan ouerworne yellow colour. 


17 efticulus odoratus. 2 Triorchis. * 


Lady Traces. Triple Lady Traces. 


rac 
O} hays ES 


q The Place. 


Thefe kindes of Stones or Cullions do grow in dry paftures and heaths,and likewife vpon chal- 
as in the field by Iflington, 


kie hills,the which I hane found growing plentifully in fundry places, ingto 
neete London, where there is a bowling place ynder a few old fhrubby Okes. They grow likewife 
vpon the heath at Barne-elmes,neere vnto the head ofa conduit that fendeth water to the houfe 
belonging to the late Sir Francis Walfingham. They grow 1n the field next vnto a Village called 
Thiftleworth.as you go from Branford to her Maicfties houfe at Richmond ; alfo vpon a common 
Heath by a Village neere Londoncal led Stepney, by the relation of a learned merchant of Lon- 
don,named M. James Cole, exceedingly well experienced inthe knowledge of Simples. 


The yellow kindes grow in barren paftures and borders Of fields about Ouenden and Siar 
; afiex 


| 
| 


Lipset Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 219 


Effex, Likewifencere vnto Muche Dunmow in Effex, where they were fhewed me by a learned 
Gentleman Matter Lames Twaights, excellently well feene in the knowledge of plants. 

+ Ireceiued fome roots of the fecond from my kinde friend M. Thomas Wallis of Weltmin- 
fter, the which he gathered at Dartford in’Kent,vpon.a piece of ground commonly called the 
Brimth : but I could not long get them to grow ina garden, neither doany of the other Satyrions 
loue to be pent vp in fuch ftraight bounds, + 


3 Orchis Friftalutea. : 4 Orchis Leodienfis, 
Friefeland Lady-traces. Liege Lady-traces, 
ails > 7 


4, The Time. 
Thefe kindes of ftonies do floure from Auguit to theend of September. 
«| The Names. 

The firft iscalled in Latinez¢/ficulus Odoratus : in Englith, Sweet {melling Tefticles or ftones, 
not of the fweetneffe of the roots, but of the floures. Itis called alfo orchis (piralis, or Autumsnaliss 
for that this (as alfo that which is fet forth in the next place) hath the top of the ftalke as it were 
twifted or twined fpite fafhion, and for that it commeth to flouting in Autunine:of our Englifh 
women they be called Lady-traces , but euety countrey hatha feuerall name ; for fome call them 
Sweet Ballocks, fiweet Cods, fweet Cullions,and Stander-grafle,_ In Dutch, knabenbraut, and 
Stondelevaut ¢ In French, Satyrion. eign 

The fecond fort is called Triorchis,and alfo Tetrorchis : in Englith, Triple Lady-traces,or white 
Orchis. 

The third is called orchis Frifia: in Englith Friefeland Orchis. _ 

The laft of thefekindes of Tefticles.or Stones is called of fome in Latine, orchis Leodienfis,and 
Orchis Lutea,as alf Bafilica minor Serapias and Triorchis Agineta : In Englith;Yellow Lady-traces. 

; q The Temperature. 

Thefekindes of fiveet Cullions are of natureand temperature like the Dogs ftones , although 
notvfed in Phyficke in times paft , notwithftanding later WVriters hate attributed fome vertues 
vato them as followeth. 

q The Vertues. 

The full and fappy roots of Lady-traces eaten or boyled in milke, and drunke; prouoke venety, 

nourith and ftrengthen the body, and be good for furchas be fallen intoa Confumption or Feuer 


Hedtique. Ch 
bap. 


i 


| 
i 
i 


aS Pinter a 


——— 


Of the Diftorid of Plants. Lisea 


Cuar. 115. Of Satyrion Royall, 


| The Defcription. 


x He male Satyrion royal hath large roots,knobbed,not bulbed as the others,butbran- 
ched or cut into fundry fections like an hand, from the which come vp thick and fat 
ftalkes fet with large leaues like thofe of Lillies but leffe ; at the top whereof grow- 

eth a tuft of floures, fpotted with a deepe purple colour, 


1 PalmaChrifti mas. 2 PalmaChrifti femina, 
The male datytion Royall . The female Satyrion Royall. 
Ore bin Ae eae ; Orchrir Mn cansewta. . 


mh) 
at iy 


2 The female Satyrion hath clouen or forked roots,with fome fibres ioyned thereto, The 
leaues be like the former, but fmaller and narrower,and confufedly dafhed or {ported with black 
{pots : from the which {pringeth vp a tender ftalke, at the top whereof doth growa tuft of purple 
floures, in fafhion like vntoa Friers hood, changing or varying according to the foile and clymar, 
fometimes red,fometimes white, and fometimes light carnation or flefh colour, * 

¢ 3 This in foots and leaues is like the former,but that the leaues want the black fpots,the 
ftalke is but low, and thetop thereof hath floures ofa whitith colour, not fpotted : they on the 
forefide refemble gaping hoods’ with eates on each fide,and abroad lip hanging down ; the backe 
partends ina broad obtufe {pur. Thefe floures finell like Elder bloffomes. ti 


q The Place. 4 
The royall Satyrions grow for the moft part in moiftand fenny grounds, medowes,and Woods 
thatare very moiftand thadowie. Lhaue found them in many places, efpecially in the midft of a 
‘tyood in Kent called Swainefcombe wood neere to Grauefend,by the village Swainef{combe, and 
likewife in Hampfted wood foure miles from London. 
| TheTime. 
They foure in May and Tune, but feldome later. 


a The 


OF the Hiftory of Plants, 


¥ 3 Orchis Palmata Pannonica 8.Cluf. q The Names. ° 

The Auftrian handed Satyrion, 

me ’ + Royal Satyrion,or finger Otchis is cal- 

Jed in Latine, Palma Chrifti notwith ftanding 

there is another herbe or plant called by the 

fame name, which othetwifeis called Ricinus. 

This plant is called likewife of fome,Satyrivrz 

Bajilicum , ox Satyrium regium. Some would 

haue it to be BuXeiden, or Buxidin Arabum, but 

Auicen faith Buxeiden is a woody Indian me- 

dicine : and Serapia faith , Buzeiden be hard 

white roots like thofe of Behen album, and that 

it isan Indian drug:but contrariwife the rocts 

of Palma Chriffi arenothing leffe than woody, 

fo that it cannot be the fame. catatthiolys 

would haue Satyrion royall to bé the Digiti 

Citrini of C4uicen , finding fault with the 

Monkes which fet forth Commentaries vpon 

Mefues Compofitions , for doubting and lea« 

uing itto the iudgement of the diferect Rea- 

der. Yetdo webetter allow of the Monkes 

doubt, than of Matthiolus his affertion. For 

Auicens words be thefe’s What i8 4 /abafafras 

or Dieiti Citrini ? and anfwering the doubt 

himfelfe,he faith, It is in figure or fhape like 

the palme ofa mans hand, of a mixt colour 

betweene yellow and white, and itis hard, in 

which there isa little fweetneffe; and there is 

a Citrine fort dufty and without fiweetneffe. 

Rhafis alfo in thefaft booke of his Continent 

calls thefe, Digi Crocer,or Saffton. fingers ; 

~~ nolvaee y and he faith it is a gumme or veine for Dyars. 

Now thefe roots are nothing leffe than ofa Saffron colour, and wholly vafir'for Dying. Where- 

fore without doubt thefe words of Avicen and Rhafis, in the eates of men of iudgment do confirme, 

That Satyrion’Royall, ot Palma (hriffi, are not thofe Digiti Citrint. The Germans call it Creut{s 
bluit: the low Dutch, Handekens crupt : the French, Saty+ion royal. 

| The Tempera'ure and V ertues, Mis 

- The Roots of Satyrion royall are like to Cynoférchis or Dogs ftones, both in fauiout arid tafte, 

and thereforé are thought by funte to be of like faculties: Yet Nicolane Nicolys, in the chapter of 

the'cure ofa Quartaine A gue, faith, That the roots of Pala Chrifti arc of force to purge vpward 

and downward; and that a piece of the root as long as ones thumbe ftamped and giuen with wine 

before the fitcommeth, is a good remedie againft old Quartaines after purgation : and teporteth, 
That one Baliolys, after he had endured 44 fits, was cured therewith. 


Tt. Thisfacultic of purgiag and vomiting, which our Author out of Dodonevs, andhe outof Nicolus, giue to the root of Palad Chrifti, I donbt is miftaken and 
put in the wrong place : for I iudge itto belong to the Ricinus, which alfo is €alled Palma Chrifts ; for that Nicolus fiith, a picceofroot muft be raken asl ong as 
onesthumbe 5 now the whol¢root of this plantis not fo longs ‘And befides, Ricinus is knowne to haue a vontitorie or purging faculti¢: 


Cuar.116, Of Serapia's Stones. 


© The Kindes, 


5, as be fundry forts of Serapias ftones, whereof fome be male, others fetriale ; fome gear, 
and fomeofa fmaller kinde , varying likewife in colour of the floures, whereof fome be 
white, others purple ; altering according tothe foile or clymate;-as the greateft part of bulbous. 
rootsdo. Moreouer, fome grow in marfhicand fenny grounds, and fome if fertile paftures, lying 
open.to the Sun, varying likewife in the fhape of their floures ; retaining the formic of flies, But- 

ter-flies,and Gnats, like thofe ofthe Fox ftones, 
¥ G The 


222 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liss 1. 


1 Serapias Candido flore, 2 Sevapias miner, witente flore, 
White handed Orchis, Red handed Orchis. 


‘~ f) 
OnE ae 


. i Aste) 3, Serapias paluftris latifolia. 4 Sérapias paluftrss leptophy ke, 
pal ieee Marifh Satyrion, - Fenny Satyrion. , 


| 


Lint OF the Hiftory of Plants, 


t 5 Serapias Montana, 
Mountaine Satyrion? 


223 


t 6 Serapias Gariophyllat acum rad icy fem, 
~~ Sweet-finelling Satyrionwith the root and 
feed expreft at large, 


7 Serapias Caftrata, ° 
Gelded Satyrion, 


+3 Serapias 


i 
224 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lip. 1 


@ The Defiription. 


I He white handed Orchis or Satyrion hath long and large leaues, {potted and dafhed 

T with blacke fpots, from the which doth rife vp a fmall fragile or brittle ftalke of two 

hands high, hauing at the top a buh or {poky tuft of white floures, like in fhape to 

thofe of Palma Chriftt, whereof this isa kinde. The root is thicke, fat, and full of iuyce, fafhio- 

ned like the hand and fingers ofa man, with fome tough and fat ftrings faftned to the vpper part 
thereof. 

2 Redhanded Satyrionis a {mall low and bafe herbe, hauing a {mall tender, ftalke fet with 
two or three {mall leaues, like vnto thofe of the Lecke,but fhorter. The floure groweth at the 
top tuft fafhion, of'a gliftering red colour, witha root fafhioned like an hand, but leffer than the 
former. 

Serapia’s {tones, or marifh Satyrion hath a thicke knobby root, diuided into fingers like 
thole of Palma Chriffi, whereof it is a kinde : from which rife thicke fat and fpongeous ftalkes, fet 
with broad leaues like thofe of Plantaine, but much longer, cuento the top of the tuft of floures ; 
but the higher they rife toward the top the fmaller they are. The floure confifteth of many fmall 
hooded floures fomewhat whitith, fpotted within with deepe purple {pots ; the backfide of thefe 
little floures are Violet mixed with purple. > 


+8 Serapias Batrachites.  g Serapias Batrachites alteraa 
‘ Frog Satyrion. y The other Frog Satyrion, 
Salorewn UurT tA s 5 
} 


Sit ne VAAL 


4 Fenny Satyrion (or Serapia’s ftones) differeth little from the former, fauing that the leaues 
are finaller, and {omewhat fpotted, and the tuft of floures hath not fo many greene leaues, nor fo 
Jong, mixed with the floures,neither are they altogether of fo darke orpurplith a colouras the for- 
mer, The roots are like thofe of the laft defcribed. 

5 Mountaine Orchis or Satyrion hath thicke fat and knobby roots, the one of them for the 
mot part being handed, and the other long. It growes like the former in ftalkes,leaues,and floures, 
but is fomewhat bigger, with the leaues {moother,and more fhining. 

6 — Clouc Satyrion, or feet finelling Orchis, hath flat and thicke roots diuided into fingers 

; like 


List Of the Hiftory of Plants, 225 
like thofe of Palma Chrifti, fauinig that the fingers are longer, fmaller,and niore in number ; From 
the which rife vp long and narrow leaues like thofe of Narciffus or Daffodil! : among which com. 
meth forth a {mall tender ftalke, at the top whereof groweth a purple tuft compa Of many fnall 
floures refembling Flies, but in fauour and finell like the Cloue, dr Cloue Gillo-floure ; bar 
fatre fweeter and pleafanter, as my felfewith many others canwitnefle now lining, that have both 
feeneand {melt them in my garden. + After the floure is paft, come many feed veffels filled 
witha fmall feed, and growing after the manner as you fee them here at large expreffed ina figure, 
togetherwith the rooralfo fet forth at full: + ) 

7 Gelded Satyrion hath leaueswith nerues and finewes like to thofe of Daffodil, fet vpona 
weake and tender ftalke, with flutes at the topwhite of colour; {potted within the floure, and 
in fhape they are like Gnats and little Flies. The ftalke is gelded as it were, or the ftdnes and 


hands cut off, leauing for the root two log legges or fingers, with many ftrings faftned vnto the 
top. 


certaine fibres atnexed thereto. 

+ 9 This alfo may fitly be added tothe laft defcribed, the root fhew ing it tobe of a kinde 
betweene the Serapia’s and Orehis. It groweth to the heightofthe former, with (hort leaues en- 
girting the ftalke at their fetting on. The floures on the top refemble a Frogge,with their long 
leaues ; and if you looke vpon them in another pofture, they will fomewHatrefemble little Fli¢s ; 
Wherefore Lebel calls itas well Myoides, as Batrachites. i 


P| 


@ The Time, 


Thefe Plants flourith inthe moneth of May and Iune, but feldome after ; except fome dece- 


nerate kinde, or that ithath had fome impediment in the time when it fhould haue floured,as of- 
ten hapneth. 


\ | The Names, 


i. | The Nature and Vertues, 


Serapia’s {tones are th ought tobe in nature, temperature, and Vertues, like vnto the Satyrion 


Royall ; and although not fo much vied in phyficke, yer doubtlefle they worke the effect of the 
other Stones, 


t The fifth wasthe figure of Satyrivem trifolium of Taberneand is akinde of Tefliculus pheedés 6 Inthis place formerly was the fgute of che laft 5efore, to wit 
Siete montana. % Herewasthe figure of Orchis Myodes, which fhould have béene inthefixth place in the 101 Chaprer of the former Edition, beingche 11g 
ofthis. 


Cuar. 17, 
Of Fenny Stones, 


@ The Defiriptions 


t 1 His hath cleft or dinided roots like fingers, much like yntéthe Roots of other 
Palma Chrifti's . whereof this is 4 kinda: ftom the which rifeth vp a ftalke of 2 

: foot high, fet here and there with very faire Lilly-like leaues, ofcolour red » the 
which doclip or embrace the ftalkesalmoft round about, like the leaues of Fhorow-wax, At the 


T 3 top 


m6 ”SdOF the littorie of Plans. Lae 


top of the ftalke groweth a faire bufh of very red floures, among the which floures do grow many 
{mall fharpe pointed leaues. The feed Icould neuer obferue, being a thing like duft that flieth in 
the winde. : 

> Theother Marifh handed Satyrion differeth little from the precedent, but inthe leaues 
and floures, for that the leaues are fmaller and narrower, and the floures are faire white, gaping 
wide open , in the hollowneffe whereof appeare certaine things obfcurely hidden, refembling lit- 
tle helmets, which fetteth forth the difference. 


| ias Dracontias paluftris. + 2Serapias paluftris leptophylla alters, 
Ae is ok iin The other Marifh handed Sa- 
he tyrion. 


3 This third handed Satyrion hath roots fafhioned like an hand,with fome ftrings faftned to 
the vpper part of them fromwhich rifeth yp a faire ftiffe ftalke armed with large leaties,very no- 
tably dafht with blackith fpots, clipping or embracing the ftalke round about :atthe top of the 
ftalke ftandetha faire tuft of purple floures, with many greene leaues mingled amongft the fame, 
which maketh the buh or tuft much greater. The feed is nothing elfe but as it were duft like the 
other of his kinde : + and it is contained in fuch twined veffels as you fee expreftapart by the 
fide of the figure , which veffels are not peculiar to this, but common to moft part of the other 
Satyrions. £ 

4 _Thecreeping rooted Orchis or Satyrion without tefticles,hath many long roots difperfing 
themfelues, or creeping far abroad in the ground, contrarie to all the reft of the Orchides: which 
Roots are of the bigneffe of ftrawes, in fubftance likethofe of Sopewort ; from the which imme- 
diately doth rife foure or fiue broad fmooth leaues like vntothe fmall Plantaine, from thewhich 
fhooteth vp a fmall and tender ftalke, at the top whereof groweth a pleafant {pikie eare of a 
whitith colour, fpottedon the infide with little {peckes of a blondie colour. The feed alfo 
isvery fmall.  . 

+t § Thisfrom handed roots like others of this kinde fends vpa large ftalke, fometimes at- 
taining to theheight oftwo cubits; the leaues are much Jike tothofe of the marifh Satyrions ; 
the floures are ofan elegant purple, with little hoods like the top of an helmet (whence Gemma 
termed 


List , OF the Hiftorie of Plants. 227 


Palma Chriftipaluftris, — 4 Palma Chrifti,radice repente, Co 
The third handed marifh Satyrion, Creeping Satyrion, 
Satg mm Peper S- 


¥ 5 Palma Chrifti maxime, termed the plant, (ywoforch. conopfea - nf from the 
‘The greateft handed Satyrion; height he called it Macrocanlos.) i: floures {mel 
Orolurs Gorelar Mh {weet, and are fucceeded by feeds likethofe of the 


reft of this kindred, 

Itdelights to grow in grounds ofan indifferent 
temper, not too moift nortoodry. Itfloures from 
mid-May to mid-Iune. + 


ThePlace, - 


They grow in marifh and fenny grounds, and in 
fhadowie woods that are very moitt. 

The fourth was found by a leartied Preacher 
called Mafter Robert Abbot, of Bithops Hatfield, in . 
abogey groue wherea Conduit head doth ftand, 
that fendeth water to the Queenes houfe in the 
fame towne. + 

+ It growes alfo plentifully in Hampfhire, 
within a mile of a market Towne called- Peters- 
field, in a moift medow named VV ood-mead,neere 
the path leading from Petets-ficld, towards Berys 


ton. ¢ 
@] The Time, 


They floure and flourifh about May and Tune, 
= @ The Names, 
£1 This is Cynoforchis Dracuntias of Lobell 


and Gemma. 
@ This 


“8 ——~S~*«SF the HHiftorie of Planes. | Lint, 


2 This is Cynofirchis paluftris altera Leptaphylla,of Lobell , Tefticulus Galertculatus, of Taberndmon- 
gin Lobell and Gemma terme this, Cynoforches paluftris altera Lophodes, vel nephelodes. 
This is Orchis minor radice repente, of Camerarins. 
5 Thisby Lobel and Gemma is called cynofarchis macrocaulos, fine Conopfea. 


q The Temperature and Vertues, 


There is little vfe of thefe in phyficke, onely they are referred vnto the handed Satyrions, 
whereof they are kindes : notwitftanding Dalefcampis hath written in hus great Volume, that the 
Marith Orchis is of greater force than any of the Dogs ftones in procuring of luft. j 

Camerarius of Noremberg, who was the firft that defcribed this kinde of creeping Otchis, hath 
fet it forth with a bare defcription onely ; and Lam likewife conftrained todo the like,becanfe as 
yet I haue had no triall thereof. 


$ The firft of thefe was the third in the former Chapter; in licw whereof I giue you the Dracuntias of Lobel, whofe figure was here inthe fecond place, 


Cuar.it8. Of Birdsneft. 


y Satyrium abortigium, fine Nidws avis, 4] The Defcription, 

Birdsneft. ihr. Nig us — ows 

’ | Fe Irds Neft hath many tangling roots 

platted or crofled one over another 

very intricately, which refembleth a 
Crowes neft made of ftickes ; from which rifeth 
vpa thicke foft grofle ftalk ofa browne colour, fer 
with {mall fhort leaues of the colour of a dry O- 
keg leafe that hath lien vnder the tree all the win- 
ter long.. Onthe top of the ftalke groweth a {pi- 
kie eare or tuft of floures, in fhape like vnto. Mai. 
med Satyrion, whereof doubtleffe it is a kinde, 
Thewhole plant,as well fticks, leaues,and floures, 
are of a parched browne colour. 

+ Treceiued out of Hampfhire ftom my of- 
tenremembred friend Mafter Goodyer this follow- 
ing defcription ofa Nidws auis found by him the 
twenty ninth of Iune,1 621. 


| Nidus avis flore c caule violaces purpureo colores 
an Pfendoleimodoron Cluf. Hift. Rar. plant, 


4g.270 
3 Se ele 4 chy ha 

This rifeth vp with a ftalke about nine inches 
high,witha few {mal narrow fharpe pointed fhort 
skinny leaues, fet without order, very little or no- 
thing at all wrapping or inclofing the ftalke . ha- 
uing a {pike of floures like thole of orobanche, 
without tailes or leaues growing among ft them : 
which fallen, there fucceed {mall feed-veffels, 
The lower part of the ftalke within theground is 
not round like Orebanche, but {lender or long, and 
of a yellowifh white colour, with many {mall brittle roots growing vnderneath confufedly, wrapt 
or folded together like thofe of the common Nidys avis. The whole plantas it appeareth aboue 
ground, both ftalkes, leaues, and floures, is of a violet ordeepe purple colour. This I found wilde 
in the border ofa field called Marborne, neere Habridge in Haliborne,a mile from a towne called 


Alton in Hampthire, being the land ofone William Balden. In this place alfo groweth wilde the 
thiftle called Corona fratrum, Ioh. Goodyer, 


@ The Place. 
This baftard orvnkindely Satyrion is very feldome feene in thefe Southerly parts of ai he P 
. . t 


List. Csi... — 


Tris reported, That it groweth in the North parts of England, neete vnto a villase calle : 
Berolice. I found it growing in the middle ofa Wood in Kent two miles from Shreriie 6 
vnto a wor(hipfull Gentlemans houfe called Mafter William Swan,of Howcke Greene; The wood 
belongeth to one Matter Lohn Sidley : which plant I did neuer fee elfewhere ; and becaufe it is very 
rare, 1 am the more willing to giue you all the markes in the wood for the better finding it, be: 
caufe it doth grow but in one piece of the Wood : that is to fay, The ground is couered all ‘ouer 
in the fame place neere about it with the herbe Sanycle, and alfo with the kinde of Orchis called 
Hermaphroditica, or Buttet-fly Satyrion, 3 


q The Time. 


It floureth and flourifheth in Tuneand Auguft, The dufty or mealy feed (if it may be called 
feed) falleth in the end of Auguft ; but inmy iudgement it is an ynprofitable or barren dutt , and 
not any feed at all. 


| Lhe Names, 


Itis called Satyrinm aborti¥um : of fome, Nidws avis : in French Njd a’ oifeau : in Englith, Birds 
neft, or Goofe-neft : in Low-Dutch, Wogelg eft: in High-Dutch, MPargen daeehen, 


| The Temperature and Vertues. 


It is not vied in Phyficke that I can finde in any authoritie either of the antient or latex Wris 


ters, but is efteemed as a degenerate kinde of Orchis, and therefore not vied. 


THE SECOND BOOKE 
THE. HISTORIE OF PLANTS: 


(Containing the Sen pact, time, names, nature, and 
vertues of all farts of Herbes for meate, medicine, 
or feet fmelling vfe, &c. 


AE have in our firft booke fuficiently defcribed the Graffes, Ruthes, 
Flags, Corne,and bulbous rooted Plants, which for the maft Bett are 
fuch as with their braue and gallant floures decke and beautifie Gar- 
dens, and feed rather the eyes than the belly. Now there remaine cer. 
taine other bulbes, whereof the moft (though not all) ferue for foods: 
of which wewill alfo difcourfe in the firft place in this booke,diuiding 
them in fuch fort, that thofe ofone kinde thall be feparated from ano- 
ther. + Inhandling thefe and fuchas next fucceed themwe thall treat 
ofdiuers, yea the moft part of thofe Herbes that the Greekes call bya 

= generall name «02 : and the Latines, Olera : and we in Englifh,Sallet- 
herbes, Whenwe hauc pait ouer thefe, we fhall fpeake of other plants, as they fhall haue refem- 
blanceeach to other in their externall forme. + ; 


OF 


Cuar.1, Of Turneps. 


G The Kindes, 


Here be {undry forts of Turneps ; fome wilde ; fome of the garden; fome with round roots 
globe fafhion, other ouall or peare fafhion , and another fort longith or fomwhat like aRa- 
difh : and ofall thefe there are fundry varieties, fome being great, and fome ofa {maller fort. 


G The Defiription, 


2X, He Turnep hath long rough and greene leaues, eut or {fnipt about the edges with 
deepe gathes. The ftalke diuideth it felfe into fundry branches or armes,bearing 
at the top {mall floures ofa yellow colour, and fometimes of a light purple ; 
"which being paft,there do fucceed long cods full of {mall blackith {eed like rape 
feed. The root is round like abow le, and fometimes a little ftretched out in length, growing very 
fhallow in the ground, and often fhewing it felfe aboue the face of the earth. 

+ 2 Thisislike the precedent in each refpect, but that the rooris not made fo globous or 
bowle-fathioned as the former, but flenderer, and much longer, as you may perceiue by the figure 
wee here giue you. $ 

3 The fmall Turnepislike yntothe firft defcribed, fawing that it is lefler. Theroot is much 
fiveeter in tafte, as my felfe hath often proued, 

4 Thereis another fortof {mall Turnep faid tohaue red roots ; ¢ and there are other-fome 
Whoferoors are yellow both within and without; fome alfo are greene on the outfide, and other- 
fome blackifh. + 


fired cennite art tcipeiemenetinpemmeemeeaients 


Ske es 


Se haan 


; Gq The Place, 
The Turnep profpereth wel ina light,loofe,and fat carthand fo loofeas Petrus Crefeentizss fa ith, 


14h 


wi 


Fae NORRIS et 
232 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lit wr2: 


that it may be turned almoft into duft. It groweth in fields and diucrs vineyards or Hop gardens 
in moft places of England. 

The {hall Turnep groweth by Hackney, in a fandy ground ; and thofe that are brought to 
Cheape-fide market from that Village are the beft that euer I tafted. 

| The Time. 

Turneps are fowne in the {pring, as alfo in the end of Auguft. They floure and feed the fecond 
yeare after they are fowen : for thofe which floure the fame yearethat they are fowen are a degene- 
rate kinde, called in Chethire about the Namptwitch, Mad neeps, of their euill qualitie in cau- 
fing ftenfieand giddinefle of the braine for a feafon. 


1 Rapum majus. £ 2 Rapum radice oblonga. 
Great Turnep. 7) Longifh rooted Turnep. ’ 
Move (neoids apo, 
1QQ 
f ) AUK 


q The Names. 


The Turnep ts called in Latine, Rapum : in Greeke , yi: the name commonly vied in {hops 
and euerywhere is Rapa. The Lacedemonians call it ys: the Boetians, twas, a8 Athenaus repor- 
teth: in high Dutch, Ruben $ in low Dutch, Raper sin French, Navean vend : in Spanith, Nabo + 
in Englifh, Turnep,and Rape. 

4] The Temperature andVertues. 


A Thebulbous orknobbed root, which is properly called Rapum or Turnep, and hath giuen the 
name to the plant, ismany times caten raw, efpecially of the poore people in Wales , but moft 
commonly boiled. Theraw root iswindy, and engendreth groffe and cold bloud ; the boyled 
doth coole leffe, and fo little, that it cannot be perceiued to coole at all, yet it is moift and windy. 

B  Itanaileth nota littleafter what manner it is prepared ; forbeing boyled in water, or ina cer- 
taine broth, it is more moift,and fooner defcendeth, and maketh the body more foluble; but 
being rofted or baked it drieth, and ingendreth lefle winde, and yet it is mot altogether without 
winde. But howfocuerthey bedreffed,they yeeld more plenty ofnourifhment than thofe thatare 
eaten raw : they do increafe milke inwomens brefts, and naturall {eed, and prouoke vrine. 

C The decoétionof Turneps is goodagainft the cough and hoarfenefle of the voice,being drunke 
in the evening with a little fugar,or a quantitie of clarified honey. ; 

D_. Diofcorid:s writeth, That the Furnep it felfe being ftamped,is with good fucceffe applied ygon 

mouldie 


Lis..2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 233 


mouldie orkibed heeles, and that alfooile of rofes boiled in a hollow turnep ynder the het em= 
bers doth cure the fame. ‘ 


The young and tender fhootes or fprings of Turheps at their firft comming forth 6f the E 
ground, boiled and eaten as a fallade, prouoke vrine. 

The feed is mixed with counterpoifons and treacles : and being drunke it is a remedie againft FE 

oifons. n 

They of the lowe countries doe giue the oile which is preffed out of the {eed,againft the after G 
throwes of women newly brotight to bed, and alfo minifter it to young children againft the 
wormes, which it both killeth and driuerh forth. 

H 


The oile wafhed with water doth allaie the feruent heat and ruggedneffe of the skin, I 


Cuar.2. Of wilde Turneps. 


| The Kindes. 


Here be three forts of wilde Turneps , one our common Rape which beareth the feed wheres 
of is made rape oile,and feedeth finging birds:the other the common enemy to cornewhich 
cal] Charlock , whereof there be twokindes, one witha yellow, or els purple floure, the 
other with a white figure : there is alfo another of thewater and marifh grounds, : 
3 

1 Rapum fylueftre. 2 Rapiftrum aruorium, 

Wilde Turneps. é Charlocke or Chadlocke; - 

Su coho s AWDPHERL IS - 


q The Defcription; 


I Ide Turneps or Rapes,haue long. broad neps, but 
apes,hz g, , and rough leaues like thofe of Tur t 
V ve ee in the edges. The ftalkes are flender and brittle, Sie es 
binbeal indie sts o on cuits high, dividing them{elues at the top into many armes or. branches. 
Schoo’ . . eyellowith flowers : which being paft, there doe fucceed {mall long cods 
ne the feed like that of the Turnep, but fmaller, fomewhat teddifh,and of a firie hot 
V pete aie! @: and 


1 


= aad 


i 


Of theHiftory of Plans, Lina 


ah. 


and biting tafte as is the muftard, but bitterer. The rootis fimall, and perifheth when the 


feed is ripe. 

2 ‘Charlocke,or the wilde rape,hath leaues like vnto the former,but leffer,the ftalke and leaues 
being alforotigh. The ftalkes bee of a cubite high, flender, and branched, the floures are fome- 
times purplith, but more often yellow. The rootes are flender, with certaine threds or ftrings 
hanging on them. i 

+ There is alfo another varietic hereof with the leaues leffe diuided, and much {moother than 
the two laft defcribed, haning yellow floures and cods not fo deeply joynted as the laft defcribed: 
this is that,which is fet forth by Marthiolus vnder the name of Lampfana. 

3 Water Chadlock groweth vp to the height of three foot or fomewhat more, with branches 
flender and fmooth in refpe& ofany of the reft of his kinde, fet with rough ribbed leaues,deeply 
indented about the lower part of the leafe. The floures grow at the top of the branches, vmble 
or tuft fafhion, fometimes ofone colour, and fometimes of another. The root is long, tough, 
and full of ftrings, creeping and putting forth many ftalkes: the {eed veffells are fhort and {mall. 
Bawhine hath this vader the title of Raphanus aquaticus alter, + 


2” Rapistrum aruenfe alterum, 3. Rapiftrum aquaticum, 


“Another wilde Charlocke. Water Chadlocke, 


q The Place: 


Wilde Turneps or Rapes, doe grow of themfelues in fallow fields, and likewife by highwayes 
neere vnto old walls, vpon ditch-bankes, and neere vnto townes and villages, and in other vntoi- 
ted and rough places. 

TheChadlocke groweth for the moft partamong corne in barraine grounds, and often by the 
borders of fields and fuch like places. 

Water Chadlocke groweth in moift medowes and marifh grounds, as alfo in water ditches, 
and fuch like places. 


@ The Time. 
'Thefe doe floure from March,till Summer be farre pent, and in the meane feafon the feed. is 


Tipe. 
P q The 


Lis. 2. 


OF the Hiftory of Plants. ee bos ; 


GQ The Names. 


Wilde Turnep is calledin Latine Rapiftrum, Rapum filueftre, and of fome, Sinapi filucfr4, or” 


wild muttard : in high Dutch, #edertehs in low Dutch, Perick: in French, 7elar: in Bnolith, 
Rape, andRape feed. Rapiftrum aruorum is called Charlock,and Carlock. 
| The Temperature, 

The feed of thefewild kindes of Turneps as alfo the water Chadldck, are hot and dtie as mu- 
‘ftard feed is. Some haue thought that Carlock hath a drying and clenfing. qualitie, and fome- 
what digefting. 

“| The Vertues. 

Diuers vfe the feed of Rape in fteed of muftard feed, who eithet make hereofa fance bearing 

the name of muftard, or elfe mixe itwith muftard {ced ; but this kinde of uce is not fopleafant 
- tothe tafte,becaufe it is bitter. 

Galen writeth that thefe being eaten engender euill blood yet Dioftorides faith,they warme the 

ftomacke and nourith fomewhat. 


ena le 


Cuar. ge OF Nanewes, 


| The Kindes: 
Here be fundrie kindes. of Nape or Nauewes degenerating from the kindes of Turnep ; of 
| & which fomeareof the garden ; and other wilde,or of the field, i 
G The Defcription. 
Z Auew gentleis like vnto Turneps in ftalkes, floures, and feed, as alfo in the thapeof 
the leaues,but thofe of the Nauew are much {moother;it alfo differeth in the root:the 
Turnep is round likea globe,the Nauew root is fomewhat ftretched forth in length, 


$1 Bunias, 2 Bunias (ylueftris Lobel, 
Nauew Gentle, Wilde Nauew. 


Priafoica Mafours . 


2 The fmall or wilde Nauew is likevnto the former, fauing that it is altogether lefler; The 
foot is {mall, {omewhat long, with threads long and toughat the end thereof, 


‘V2 a, The 


a aaamemeemeeinnnsian ciate niger a aaiaiamnean a Ciena aie ref 
236 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis, 2, 


q The Pace. 

Nauew-gentle requireth a loofe and yellow mould euenas doth the Turnep, and profpereth in 
a fruitfull foile : he is {owen in France, Bauaria, and other places inthe fields for the feeds fake,as 
is likewife that wild Colewort called of the old writers Crambe : forthe plentifull increafe of the 
feeds bringeth no {mall gaine to the husbandmen of thatcountrey, becaufe that being preffed 
they yeeld an oile which is vfed not onely inlampes, but alfo in the making of fope ; for of this 
oileanda lie made of certaine afhes, is boiled a fope which is vfed inthe Lowe-countries euery 
where to fcoure andwafh linnen clothes. I haue heard it reported thatitis at this day fowen in 
England for the fame purpofe. 

The wilde Nauew groweth vpon ditch bankes neerevnto villages and good townes, as alfo vp- 
on frefh marfhie bankes in mott places, 


The Time. 
The Nauew is fowen, floureth and feedeth at the {ame time that the Turnep doth, 
q The Names. 

The Nauew is called in Latine Napus, and alfo Bunias : in Greeke swis: the Germaines call it 
Speeckruben : the Brabanders, Steckropert: in Spanith,Waps : in Italian,Navo : the Frenchmen, 
Naneau : in Englith, Nauew-gentle, or French Naueau. The other is called Napys fjlvefiru, or 
wild Nauew. 

@ The Temperature and Vertues. 

The Nauew and the Turnep are all one intemperature and vertues, yet fome fuppofe that the 
Nauew isa little drier, and not fo foone concoéted, nor pafleth downe fo eafily, and doth withall 
ingender leffe winde. In the reft it is anfwerable to the Turnep. 

+ The feeds of thefe taken in drinke or broth are good againft poyfon,and are vfually put in- 
to Antidotes fot the fame purpofe. +. 


The figure that was inthe firft placeis a kinde of the long Turnep defcribed by me inthe fecond place of the firft chapter of this {econdbookee And 
tharin thefecond place wasa leffer kinde of the fame- 


Cuas. 4. Of Lyons Turnep, or Lyons leafe. 


Leoutopetalon. 
Lyons leafe. @ The Defcription. 

Yons Turnep or Lyons lJeafe, hath broad 

leaues like vnto Coleworts,or rather like the 

pionyes cutand diuided into fundry great 
gathcs: the ftalke is two foot long, thicke, and 
fullof iuyce, diuiding it felfe into divers bran- 
ches or wings , in the tops whereof ftand red. 
floures : afterward there appeareth long cods in 
which lie the feeds like vnto tares, or wilde 
chichs. The root is great,bumped like a Turnep, 
and blacke without. 


q The Place. 

It groweth among corne in diuers places of 
Italy, in Candie alfo, and in other Prouinces to- 
wards the Southand Eaft. The right honorable 
Lord Zouch broughta plant hereof from Italy 
at his returne into England, thewhichwas plan- 
ted in his garden, Butas farreas I doe know, it 


perifhed. 
G The Time. 
Ic floureth in winter, as witneffeth Petrus Bel.. 
lonius. 
@| The Names, 


The Grecians call it sma, that is, Leon 
folium, or Lyons leafe: Plinie doth call it alfo 
Leontopetalon. Apuleius, Leontopodion : yet there 1s 
another plant called by the fame name. There 
bee many baftard Names given vnto it, as 

Rapeium, 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, ; 


a7 


Rapeinm, Papanerculum, Semen Leoninum, Pes Leoninus, and Bramaria : in Englith Lyons leafe, 


and 
Lyons Turnep, 
| The Temperature, 


Lyons Turnep is of force to digeft ; it is hot and drie in the third degree,as Galen teacheth. 
: | The Vertues. 


The root (faith Dioftorides) taken in wine doth hel pethem that are bitten of Serpents, and it A 


doth moft {peedily alay the paine, It is put into glifters which aremade for them that bee tor- 
mented with the Sciatica, ' 


Dn Solty) anode ions st toy 
Cuar. 5; Of Radifh. 
| The Kindes, 
Here be fundrie forts of Radith, whereof fomebe long and white; others long and blacke ; 
\ § fomeround andwhite ;others round, or of the forme of a peare,and blacke of colour; fome 
wilde, or of the field ; and fome tame, or gf the garden, whereof we will intreat in this pre- 


{ent chapter, 


t 1 Raphanus [ativus, f 2 Radicula fatina minor. 
Garden Radith, Small garden Radifh,' 


@ TheD ofcription. 


Yr TT He garden Radith fendeth forth great and large leaues, greene, rough, éut on both 
fides with deepe gathes, not vnliketo the garden Turnep, but greater. The ftalkes bee 


round arid parted into many branches ; out of which {pring {mall floures ofa light purple colour, 
made of foure little leaues : and when they be paft, there doe come in place fharpe pointed cods * 
huft or blowne vp toward the ftalke, full of {pungious fubftance, wherein is contained the feed, 
C , fomewhat greater than the feeds of Turneps or Coleworts, The root 
1s roffe, lone.and white both withoutand within, andof a fharpetafte; = 


ie : & The 


238 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


2 The finall garden Radifh hath leaues like the former,but fmallerjand m« 


e brittle in hand- 
ling. The ftalke of two cubits high, whercon be the floures like the former. The feed is fmaller. 
and not fo fharpe in tafte. The root is fmiall,longwhite both withinand without, cxccpt a little 
that fheweth it felfe abouc the ground of areddifh colour. ; 

3 Radifhwitha round root hath leaues like the garden Turnep : among which leaves {prin- 
geth-vp around and {mooth ftalke, diuiding it felfe toward the top into two or three branches, 
whercon doe grow {mall purplifh foures made of foure leaues apeece : which being paft, there 
doe come in place {mall long cods puft vp or bunched in two, and fometimes three places, full of 
pithas the common Radifh ; wherein iscontained the feed, fomewhat fmaller than the Cole- 
wort feed, but of ahotter tafte. The root is round and firme, nothing watcrith like the com- 
mon Radith, more pleafant in tafte,wholfomer,not caufing fuch ftinking belchings as the garden 
Radith doth. 

The Radifh witha root fathioned like a peare, eroweth to the height of three or fourecu- 

bits, of abrightreddith colour. The leaues aredeeply cut or jagged like thofe of the Turnep, 
or flefhie colour. The 

| Jike a peare or long 
The tafte 1s quicke 


fomewhat rough. The floures are made of foure leaues, of a light carnatios 
feed is contained in fmall bunched cods like the former. The root i 
Turnep, blackewithout and white within, of a firme and folide fuk 
and fharpe,biting the tongue as the other kindes of Radifh,but more {trong 


3 Rhaphanus orbiculatis. 4 Raphanus pyrifo i, fine vadice nigra. 
Round Radifh. The blacke,or Peare-fafhion Radith. 


q The Place. 

All the kindes of Radifh requirea loofe ground which hath beene long manured and is fome- 
what fat. They profper well in fandie ground where they are not fo fubie& towormes,as in other 
grounds. ; 

: @ The Time. 
Thee kindes of Radith are moft fitly fowen after the Summer Solftice in Tune or Iulie: for be- 
* ing fowen betimes in the fpring they yceld not their roots fo kindly nor profitably, for then they 
doe for the moft part quickly runvp to ftalke and feed, where otherwife they doe not floure and 
feed till the next fpring following. They may be fowen ten moneths inthe yeere, but as I faid 


before, the beft time is in Tune and Iulie, 
@ The 


~ Lis.2. _ Of the Hiftory of Plants. 230 


q] The Names. 

Radith is called in Greeke of Theophraftus, Diofcortdes,Gales,and other old writers sqeis:in hops; 
Raphanus, and Sativa Radicula : in high Dutch, Rettich 3 in low Dutch, Wadugs tin French, forts 
in Italian, Raphano : in Spanith,Rawano : in Englith,Radifh,and Rabone:in the Bohemian tongue, 
qazsedfeno, Celvus afirmeth that the feed of Radith is called of Marcellas Empericus,Bacanons : nd 
fo likewife of 4étius in the fecond chapter of the fecond booke of his Tetrabible : yer Coriarins 
doth not reade Bacanen, but Cacanon : The name of Bacannm is alfo found in N.Myrepfis, inthe 
255.Compofition of his firft booke. 

q The Temperature. 

Radifh doth manifeftly heat and drie, open and make thin byreafon of the biting quality that 
ruleth*in it, Ga/ezmaketh themhot in the third degree,and drie in the fecond,and fheweth that 
itis rathera fauce thana nourifhment, 


@ The Vertues. 

Radifh are eaten raw with bread in ftead of other food ; butbeing eaten after that mann erthey 
yeeld very little nourifhment, and that faultie and ill, But for the mott part,they are vfed as fauce 
with meates to procure appetite,and in that fort they ingender blood leffe faulty,than eaten alone 
or with bread onely : but feeing they be of a harder digeftion than meates, they are alfo m wy 
times troublefome to the ftomacke ; neuertheleffe, they ferue to diftribute and difperfe the nou. 
rifhment, e{pecially being taken after meat ; and taken before meat, they caufe belchings , and 
ouerthrow the ftomacke. 

Before meate they caufe vomiting,and efpecially the rinde:the which as it is more biting than B 
the inner fubftance,fo doth it with more force caufe that effect if itbe giuen with Oximel,which 
is a fyrupe made with vineger and hony. : 

Moreouer,Radith prouoketh vrine, and diffolueth cluttered fand,and driueth it forth,if a good G 
draught of the deco&ion thereof be drunke in the morning. Pliny writeth,and Diofcorides likwife, 
that it is good againft an old cough ; and to make thin, thicke and grofle flegme which fticketh 
in the cheft. 

In ftead hereof the Phifitions of oyr age doe vfe water diftilled thereof: which likewife pro- D 
cureth vrine mightily, and driueth forth \ftones in the kidnies. 

The root fliced and laid ouer night in white or Rhenith wine,and drunke in the morning, dri- E) 
ucth outvrine and grauell mightily, but in ratte and {imel! it is very lothfome. 

The root ftamped with hony and the powder of a fheepes heart dried, caufeth haire to growin FE 
fhort {pace. 

The feed caufeth vomite,prouokethvrine : and being drunke with honied vineger,itkillethand G 
H 


A 


driueth forth wormes. 


The root ftamped with the mealeof Darnell and a little white wine vineger, taketh away all 
blew and blacke {pots, and brufed blemithes of the face: 


__ The root boiled in broth, and the decogion drunke,is good againft an old cough : it moueth I. 
womens fickneffe,and caufeth much milke. 


t jrotefgaces that were in the firlt and fecond Place, were varietyes of the long Turnep deftribedin the fecond place, in the ficlt Chapter of this fecond 
okt, 


ee th Bee ia owe ga 
Cuar: 6: Of wilde Radifh;: 


| The Defcription, ‘ 

» 1 Ide Radifh hatha fhorter narrower leafe than the common Radifh, and more 
deeply cut or lagged, almoft like the leaues of Rocket, but much greater. The 
ftalke is lender and rough,of two cubits high diuided toward the top into many, 

branches. The floures are {mall and white: the cod is long, flender; aud ioynted, wherein is the 

ft be root is of the bigneffe of the finger, whitewithin and without, of a fharpe and biting 
afte. 

2 The water Radith hath long and broad leaues,deeply indented or cut euentothe middle rib, 
The ftalke is long, weake,and leancth this way and that way, being notable to ftand vpright with- 
Out a prop, in fo much that yee fhall neuer find it, no norwhen it is very young, but leaning down 
vpon the mud‘or mire where it Sroweth, The floures grow at the top made of foure {mall yellow 
leaues.The root is long, fet in fundrie paces with {mall fibres or threds like the rowell of a {pur, 
hot and burning in tafte more than any of the garden Radifhes. 

| The Place. 

es vpon the borders of bankes and ditches caft vp,and inthe borders of fields.’ 

: The 


The fir grow 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. a 


The fecond growes in ditches, ftanding waters, and riuers; as onthe ftone wall that bordereth 
vpon theriuer Thames by the Sauoy in London, ~ 


24.0 


1 Raphanus fjlueftris. 2 Raphanus aquaticus. 


DR ee OA faba u pth AAA AA ais st cea) rans to 


NW 
Nie 


a " 
Wie 
A 


The Time. 
They floure in Tune, and the feed is ripe in Auguft. 
The Names. 
+ Thefirttof thefeis Rapiftrum flore ly Eruce folijs,0f Lobell : Armoratia,or Rapiftrum album 
of Fabernamontanus : and Raphanus fylveftris,o£ our Author + in Englifh, wilde Radifh. 
The fecond is Radicula fjlveftris of Dodon ens:and Rhaphanus aquaticus, or paluftris of others :in 
Englifh, water Radith. 
| The Temperature. 
The wilde Radifhes are of like temperature with the garden Radifh, but hotter and drier. 
| & The Vertues. 
‘A Diofcorides writeth,that the leaues are receied among the pot herbes, and likewife the boiled 
00t, which as he faith, doth heate, and prouoke vrine. 


Cuar.7. Of Horfe Radijh. 


q The Defcription. 


I  Orfe Radith bringeth forth great leaues, long, broad, fharpe pointed and fhipped a- 
bout the edges,of a deepe greene colour like thofe of the great garden Docke,called, 
of fome Monkes Rubarbe, of others Patience, but longer and rougher. The ftalke 

is flender and brittle, bearing atthe top fmall white floures : which being paft, there follow {mall 
cods,wherein is the feed. The root is long and thicke, white of colour, intaite fharpe, and very 
much biting the tongue like muftard. 

2 Dittander or pepperwort, hath broad leaues, long, and fharpe pointed, of a blewith greene 


colour like woad,fomewhar f{nipt or cut about the edges likea fawe. The ftalke is round and 


tough: 


L 1.2: Of the Hiftory of Plants: 14t 


tough :vpon the branches whereof grow little white floures. The root is long and hatd, creepin 
farre abroad in the ground, in fuch fort that when it is once taken in a ground, itis not poflible ta 
root it out, for itwill vnder the ground creepeand fhoot vp and bud forth in many places farre 
abroad. The root alfo is fharp and biteth the tongue like pepper, whereof it tooke the name pep- 
erwort. 

: ¢ 3 This which we giue you in the third place hath a {mall fibrous root, the ftalke growes 
vptothe height of two cubits,and it is diuided into many branches furnifhed with white Houres, 
after which follow feeds like in fhape and tafte to Thlafpi, or Treacle muftard. The leaues are 
fomewhat like thofe of Woad. This is nourifhed in fome Gardens of the Low Countryes, and 
Lobcll was the firft that gaue the figure hereof, and that vnder the fame title as wee hete sgiue 
youit. +. 


1 Raphanus rufticanus. 2 Raphanus filuefiris offic. Lepidinm Aipinete Lobi 


pn Has Pig ee yeaah a Pepperwort. 


\ Vi 
g 
Veet 
> Vz 
y Ms 
7 Y 
Y 


a Prrcuww 


ay eh 


> 


@ The Place. a ae 
Horfe Radith for the moft part groweth and is planted in gardens, yet haue I found it wildein 
fundrie places, as at Namptwich in Chefhire, in a place called the Milne eye,and alfo at a final] 
village neere London called Hogfdon, in the field next vnto a farme houfeleading to Kings-land, 
where my very good friend mafter Bredwell practitioner in Phifick,a learned and diligent fearcher 
of Simples, and matter William Martin one of the fellowfhip of Barbers and Chirurgians, my 
deere aud louing friend,in company with him found it,and gaue me knowledge of the place,where 
it flourifheth to this day, , 
Dittander is planted in gardens, and is tobe found wild alfo in England in fundty places, as at 
Clare by Onenden in Effex, at the Hall of Brinne in Lancafhire, and neere vnto Excefter in the 
Weft parts of England. It delighteth to grow in fandie and fhadowie places fomewhat moift, 
The Time. 
_. Horfe Radith for the mot pare Aotteth th Aprill or May, and the feed is ripe in Auguft, and 
that fo rare or feldome feene,as that Petrus Placentins hath written,that it bringeth forth no feed at 
all. Dittander floures in Iune and luly. 
iota | The Names. 
Horfe Radith is commonly called Raphanus rufticanns ot Magnus and of divers fimply sai 
i Mire Pal pre ck py wefer ? 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Les.2. 


24% 


pilmetriss of thehigh Dutch men, Mevrettich,dbvatt og thre : in French, Grand raifort: of 


the low Germaines, MPevradug: in Englifh, mountaine radifh, Great Raifort, and Horfe Ra- 
difh. Its called in the North part of England, Redcole. 

Diuers thinke that this Horfe Radith :isanenemyto Vines, and that the hatred betweene 
them is fo great,that ifthe roots hereofbe planted neere tothe Vine it bendeth backward from it, 
as not willing to haue fellow fhipwith it. 

It is alforeported that the root hereof ftamped, and caft into good and pleafant wine, doth 
forthwith tune it into vineger: but the old writers doe afcribe this enmity to the vine and. Braf 
fica, our coleworts, which the moft ancients haue named jarares: 

Dittander is defcribed of Pliny by the name of Lepidium in his r9.boeke, 9. Chapter: likewife 
eBgineta maketh mention of this plant,by the name Lepidium : in fhops, Raphanus fylueflris, and 
Piperitis : the Germans call it, a fefferbrauts the lowe Dutch men,qeppee erupt ¢ the Englith 
men;Dittander,Dittany, and Pepperwort. 


Lepidinm Annu, @| The Temperature. 
Annuall Dittander. 

Thefe kindes of wilde Radifhes, are hor and 
drie in the third degree : they haue a drying and 
clenfing quality, and fomevw hat digefting. 

gq. The Fertues. 

Horfe Radith ftamped witha little vineger put 
thereto, is commonly vfed among the Germanes 
for fauce to eate’fifh with, and fuch like meates, 
as we doe muftard ; but this kinde of fauce doth 
heare the ftomacke better, and caufeth better di- 
geftion than muttard. q 

Oxinel or fyrupe made with vineger and ho- 
nie, in which the rindes of Horfe radifh haue 
beene infufed three dayes, caufeth vomit, andvis 
commended againft the quartaine ague. 

The leaues boiled in wine, and a little oile 
oliue added thereto and laid vpon the grieved, 
parts in manner of a Pultis, doe mollifie and take 
away the hard fwellings of the liuer and milte; 
and being applied to the bottome of the belly is 
aremedie for the ftrangurie. 

It profiteth muchin the expulfion of the fe. 
condine or after-birth, 

It mittigateth and affwageth the paine of the 
hip or haunch,commonly called Sciatica. 

It profiteth much againft the collicke, ftran- 
guric, and difficultie of making water, vied in 
ftead of muftardas aforefaid. 

pipe The root ftamped and giuen to drinke, killeth 
Ft the wormes in children : the iuyce giuen doth 
the fame : anointment made thereof, doth the like, being anointed vpon the belly ofthe child. 

The leauesof Peppetwort but efpecially the rootes, be extreame hot, for they haue a bur- 
ning and bittertafte, It isof the number of {corching and bliftring fimples, faith Pliny in his 
20.booke, the 17. chap.and therefore by his hot qualitie, it mendeth the skin inthe face,and ta- 
es away fcabs, fcarres,and mangineffé, ifany thing remaine after the healing of vicers and fuch 
dike, 


Cuar: 8. Of Winter Creffes: 


@| The Defcription. 


He Winter Creffes hath many greene, broad, fmootheand flat leaues like vato the com- 
mon turneps, whofe ftalkes be round, and full of branches,bringing forth atthe top {mall yel- 
low floures;after them doe follow finall cods,whercin is conteined {mall reddith feed, 


q The 


Lise Of the Hiftory of Plants. 24.3 


1 Barbarea. | The Place. 
Winter Creffes, It groweth in gardens among pot herbes, and 
Cristian Nas pb oreor very commonin the fields, neere to pathes and 
nts high wayes,almoft euery where, 


Fe G The Time. 

This herbe is green all winter long, it floureth 
in May, and feedeéth in Iune, 

‘ @] The Names. 

Winter Creffe is called of the Latines, Car. 
damum , or Nafturtium Hibernum, of fome, Bar- 
barea, and Pfeudobunium : the Germanes call it 
S,.Barberen Sraut ¢ in lowe Dutch, yointer 
Zievile, wes 

It feemeth tobe Diofcorides his #ua-bon, that is 
to fay , falfe or baftatd Bunium : in Englith, 
winter Creffes,or herbe Saint Barbara. 

S| The Nature. 

This herbe is hot and drie in the fecond de: 

gtec. 


aie Wes 


} é : | The Vertues. 
ea \ sf The feed of winter Creffe caufeth one to A 
fii, ; ‘S | : make water, anddriueth forth grauell, and hel- 
ADS peth the ftrangurie. .: 
Theiuyce thereof mundifieth corrupt and fil- B 
thy vicers, being made in forme of an vnguent 
with waxe,oyle,and turpentine, 

In winterwhen falad herbes bee fearce, this G 
herbe is thought to be equall with Crefles of ~ 
the garden,or Rocket. 

Thisherbehelpeth the feuruie, being boiled D 
among {curuie graffe,called in Latine Cochlearia, ~~ 
caufing it toworke the more effectually, 


Cuar.g, Of Mujiard. 


] TheDefeription. 

tr T He tame or garden Muftatd, hath great rough Jeaues like to thofe of the Turhep, but 
rougher and leffer. The ftalke is round,rough, and hairie,of three cubits high, diuided 
intomany branches ; whereon doe grow {mall yellow floures, and after them: long cods, flendet 
and rough, wherein is contained round feed bigger then Rape feed, of colour yellow, of tafte 
fharpe, and biting the tongue as doth ourcommon field muftard. : 
_ + 2 Ourordinary Muftard hath Ieaues like Turneps, but not fo rough, the ftalkes aré Ae is ; 
{mooth, and grow fometimes to three,foure,or fiue cubits high, they hauemany branches, and af2 Ss 
the leaues vpon thefe branches, efpecially the vppermoftare long and narrow, and hang downe- 
_ ward on fmall ftalkes; the cods are fhort, and lie flat and clofe to the branches, and are fome- 

what {quare; the feed is reddith or yellow. + 

3 Theothertame Muftard is like to the former in leaues, and branched ftalkes,but lefler,and 
they are morewhitith and rough, The floures are likewife yellow, and the feed browne like 
the Rape feed, which is alfo not a little tharpeorbyting. 

+ 4 Thiswhich I gine youbere being the Sinapi (utivum alterum, of Lobel , and the Sinapé 
album of the thops, growes but low, and ithath rough crooked cods,and whitith feeds ; the ftalks, 
floures, and leanes, are mnch like the frit defcribed. + 

5 Thewilde Muftard hath leaues like thofe of thepheards purfe,but larget,and more deeply 
indented, with a ftalke growing tothe height of two foot,bearing at the top {mall yellow floures 
made of foure leaues:the cods be fmall and flender, wherein is contained reddith feed, much 
fmaller than any of the others,but not fo fharpe or biting. 


+ 1 Sinaph 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. | 


: i + 1 Sinapi fativum. + 3 Sinapi fativum alterum, Dod, 
Garden Muftard, Field Muftard. 


$ 4 Sinapi album. + 5 Sinapi fylucfire minus: 
; White Muftard. Smallwilde Muftard, 
us Pies: 


é 4 
=) wep é 
ct ee, 4 
8; 4 \ 


1 ree 


Dyed Of the Hiftory of Plants, : 24's 


@ The Place. Pe 


¢ Ourordinarie Muftard (whofe defctiption I hatte'added) as alfo the witds and (mall grow 
wilde in many places of this kingdome, and may all three be found on the bankes about the oack 
of Old-ftreet, and in theway to Hlingtom.” + 
| The Time. 
«| Muftard may. be fowen in the beginning of the Spring : the feedistipe in Iuly or Augatt : Ie 
commeth to perfection the fame yeare that it is fowen, 


@ The Names, 


The Greekes call Muttard, #2 : the Athenians called itren: the Latines, Sizapi « the rude and 
barbarous, Sizapinm : the Germanes, SenfF: the French, Seacue and Mouftarde : the low- Datch- 
men, MWotkaert faet : the Spaniards, Moffasa,and Moftalla : the Bohemians, Horcice : Pliny calls 
it T hlafpi, whereofdoubrleffe it is akinde: and fone haue called it Saurion, 

# Thefe kindes of Muftard haue beene fo bricfely treated ofby all Writers, that itis hard to 
giue the right diftinGions of hem, anda matter ofmore difficultie than is expected ina thing fo 
vulgarly knowne and vfed: I will therefore endeauour inafew words to diftinguith thof kindes 
ef miftard which are vulgarly written of. 

t The firftis Simapi primum of Matthiolus and Dodoneus 5 and Sinapi fativume Eruce aut Rapifolio 
of Lobel. : 

2 Thefecond I cannot iuftly referre to any of thofewhich arewritten of by Authours ; for it 
hath nota cod like Rape, as Penaand Lobel deferibe it ; nora feed bigger than it,as Dodoneus affix 
meth, yet I fufpea, and almoft dare affirme that it is the fame with the former mentioned by 
them, though much differing from their fi gures and defcription. 

3 Thethird (whichalfo Ifufped is the fame with the fourth) is Sinapi alterum of catatthiolys, 
and Sinapi agrefte Api), aut potius Laneris folio, of Lobel : and Sinapi fativum alterum of Dodoneus. 

4 Thefourth isby Lobel called Sinapi alterum fativum 5 and this is Sinapi album Officinarum, as 
Penaand Lobel aifirme, Aduer{. pag .68. 

5 The fifth is Sinapi /jlueftre of Dodoneus : and Sinapi [yluefire minus Burfe paftoris folio, of Lobel. 
Itis much like Rocket, and therefore Banhine fitly calls it Simapi Eruce folio : in Englifhyt may be 
called Small wilde Muftard. 

| The Temperature. 


The feed of Muftard, efpecially thatwhich we chiefely vfe, dothheat and make thinne,and alfa 
draweth forth, Itis hot and dry in the fourth degree, according to Galen, 


g The Vertues. 


Thefeed of Muftard poundwith vineger, is an excellent fauce,good to be eaten with any groffe 
Meates either fith or fleth,becaufe icdoth hel pe digeftion, warmeth the ftomacke, and prouoketh 
appetite. 


tact 


It is giuen with good fucceffe in like manner to fitch as be fhort winded, and are ftoppedin the B 
breaft with tough flegme from the head and braine. 

Itappeafech the tooth-ache being chewed in the mouth! Cc 

They vieto makea gargarifine with honey,vineger,and muftard feed,againft the tumours and D 
fwellings of the Vuula,and the almonds about the throat and root of the tongue, ‘ 

Muttard drunke with water and honey prouoketh the termes and vrine. E 

The feed of muftard beaten and put into the nofthrils,caufeth fheefing,and raifeth women ficke F 
of the mother out of their fits. 

G 


_Itis good againgt the falling fickeneffe, and ‘fuch as haue the Lithargie, if it be laid plaifter- 
wile vpon the head (after thauing) being tempered with figs. 


Ithelpeth the Sciatica, or ache in the hipor huckle bone: it alf cureth all manner of paines H 


proceeding of acold caufe, 
Itis mixed with good fuccefle with drawing plaifters,and with fuchas wafte and confime 
nodes and hard felling’, 


I 


Tt helpeth thofe thathaue their haire pulled off; it taketh away the blew and blacke marks that K 


come of bruifings. ‘ 
£. The feed of the white Muftard is vfedin fome Antidotes, as EleZwarinm de 010, Ce 


T Thethree figures inche former sion were all falfe: The firit was of Barbarez, deferibed inthe precedent chapter? The fecond,of Erica agzatica maior of Ta- 


Bem, The third of Eruca Aguats minoy sTabe 
Xx Cuép, 


L 


“246 ~~ OF theHiftoryof Plant: Lae 


Cuar.10. Of Rockets 


@ The Kindes. 


a be fundry kindes of Rocket , fome tame, or of the garden ; fome wilde, or of the field ; 
fome of the water, and of the fea. 


f 1 Eruca fatina. 2 Eruca fylueftris.” 
Garden Rocket. ; Wilde Rocker, 


Sesum hn Vn ten. wpe 


% 


@ The Defiription, 


% (7 * Arden Rocket, or Rocket gentle, hath leaues like thofe of Turneps,but not neere fo 

G gceat norrough, The ftalks rife vp ofa cubit,& fomtimes two cubits high, weakand 

brittle ; at the top whereof grow the floures ofa whitith colour, and fometimes yel- 

lowith ; which being patt, there do fucceed long cods, which containe the feed not vnlike to tape 
feed, but {maller. 

2 The common Rocket,which fome keepe in Gardens, and which is vftually called the wilde 
Rocket, is leffer than the Romane Rocket, or Rocket-gentle, the leaues and ftalkes narrower, and. 
moreiagged, The floures be yellow,the cods alfo flenderer,the feed thereof is reddith,and biteth 
the tongue. : 

3 ‘Thiskinde of Rocket hath long narrow leaues almoft fuchas thofe of Tarragon , but thie- 
ker and fatter, refembling rather the leaues of Myagrum, altogether vnlike any of the reft of the 
Rockets, fauing that the branch, floure, and feed are like the garden Rocket. 

4 There isanotherkinde of Rocket, thought by that reuerend and excellent Herbarift Caro- 
luz Clufius tobea kinde of Creffes ; ifnot Creffes it felfe, yet coufine germane at the leaft. Vnto 
whofe cenfure Lodclins is indifferent, whether tocall it Rocket with thinne and narrow leanes, or 
tocallit Coufine to the kindesof Crefles, hauing the tafte of the one, and the thape of the 
other. The leaucs are much diuided, and the floures yellow. 

5 There is isa wild kind of Sea-Rocket which hath long weake and tender branches trailing 
vpon 


Lima. Of theHiftoryof Plans. SS 


ypon the ground, with long leaves like vnto common Rocket,orsather Ground wel hau in gfmall 
and whitifh blew floures , in whofe place commeth {mall cods,wherein is contained {eed like that 
of Barley. : ant oe 

+ 6 ? Befides thefe there is another plant, whofe figure which here I gine was by our Author 
formerly fet forth in the precedent chapter,ynder the title of Sivap: [ilueftre., together with alarge 
kinde thereof, vnder the name of Sivapi fatrvum alterum. Now I will onely defcribe the later, 
which I haue fometimes found in wet places : The root is woody : the ftalke fome foot long , ete- 
fted, and hauing many branches, lying on the ground : the leafe is much diuided , and that atter 
the manner of the wilde Rocket : the floures are of abright yellow} and are fucceeded by fhort 
crooked cods, wherein is contained a yellowith feed, + 


t 3 Eruca fylueftris angu iftifolia. ¥ 4 Erucanaflurtiocognata tensifolia, 
Narrow leaued wilde Rocket. Crefly-Rocket, 


Dele x OMNMELOL 


@ The Place. 


Romane Rocket is cherithed in Gardens, 

Common orwilde Rocket groweth in moft gardens of it felfe : you may fee moft bricke and 
ftone walls about London and elfewhere couered with it. 

The narrow leaued Rocket groweth neere vatowater fides, in the chinkes and creuifes of ftone 
walls among the morter. I found itas ye go from Lambeth bridge to the villa ge of Lambeth,vn« 
dera fmall bridge that you muft pafle ouer hard by the Thames fide. : 

I found Sea Rocket growing vpon the {ands neere vnto the {ea in the Ifle of Thanet, hard bya 
houfewherein Sir Henry Gripe did fometimes dwell, called Queakes houfe, : 


@ The Time, 


ag Kindes of Rocket floure in the moneths of Iuneand Iuly, and the feed is tipe in Sep- 
tember. ; 

The Romane Rocket dieth etiery yeare,and tecouereth it felfe againe by the falling of his 
owne feed; ri 


X 2 a The 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


qq The Names. 
Rocket is called in Greeke; tZuer : in Latine,Erwca : inhigh Dutch,8quekenbraut $ in French, 
_ Roquette - in Low-Dutch, awette tin Italian, Ruchetta : in Spanith,oruea,in Englith,Rocket,and 

Racket. The Poets do oft times name it Herbafalax : Eruca doth fignifie likewife a certaine canker 
worme,which is anenemie to pot-herbes, but efpecially to Coleworts. 

$ The firft iscalled Evuea fatina, or Hortenfis major : Great Garden Rocket. 

2 The fecond, Erucafylueftris : Wilde Rocket. 

3 This third is by Lobel called Eruca fylueftris anguftifolia : Narrow leaued wilde Rocket. 

4  Clufins fitly calls this, Nafturtium fjlueftre - and hereprehendeth Lobel for altering the name 
into Eraca Nafturtiocognatatenuifolia: C reffy-Rocket. 

5 The fifth is Erwca marina, (thought by Lobel and others to be Cakile Serapionis,) Sea Rocket, 

6 Erucaaquatica ; Water Rocket, ; 


248 


+ 5 Erucamarina, $ 6 Eruca aquatica, 
Sea Rocket, Water Rocket. 


/, eee Ca re Susyorrba AAMAA 


@| The Temperature. 
Rocket is hotand dry in the third degree,therefore faith Galen it is not fit nor aceuftomed tobe 
eatenalone. 
@| The Vertues. 

A Rocket is a good fallet herbe, ifit be eaten with Lettuce,Purflane,and fuch cold herbes ; for be- 
ing fo eaten it is good and wholefome for the ftomacke, and caufeth that {uch cold herbes donot 
ouer-coole the fame : otherwife, to be eaten alone, it caufeth head-ache, and heateth too much, 

B The vfeof Rocket ftirreth vp bodily luft, efpecially the feed. 

C Tt prouoketh yrine, and caufeth good digeftion. 

D _ Pliny reporteth, That whofoeuer taketh the feed of Rocket before he be whipt, fhall be fo har- 
dened, that he fhall eafily endure the paines. 

— —-_ Therootand feed ftamped,and mixed with Vineger and the gall ofan Oxe, taketh away frec- 
kles, lentiles, blacke and blew {pots, and all firch deformities of the face, 


¢, vnlerthetitle of fruca (jl. anguftifolia,isof the fame plant thatin the Chapter of Tesritis is called Comelina,where you 
he frit place is Eryfimum fecindum of Tabern. and 1 queftion whither it be not oF Sinaps {iliue/tie mmnne- 


Cuap. 


The figure that was in the thir 
thall finde ictseated of atlarge, And th 


mY Bi a. Of the Hiftory of Plans. 24.9 


Cuarau. Of Tarragon: 


Draco herba. wi 
Tarragon, q] The defcription. 


TL Atagon the fallade herbe hath Jong and 
narrow leanes of a deepe greene colour; 
greater and longer than thofe of common Hyf- 
dope, with flender brittle round ftalkes two'cu- 
bites high: about the branches whereof hang 
little round flowers, neuer perfectly opened, ofa 
yellow colour mixed with blacke, like rhofe of 
common VVormewood, The root is long and 
fibrous, creeping farre abroad vnder the eatth,as 
doe the rootes of Couch-grafle,by which prou- 
ting forth it increafeth, yeelding no feede at all, 
but as it were a certaine chaffie or duftie matter 
that flieth away with the winde, 
@ The place. : 
Tarragon is chenifhed in gardens, and is en- 
creafed by the young fhootes : Ruclius and fuch. 
others haue reported many ftrange tales hereof 
{carfe worth the noring, faying, that the feed of 
flaxe put intoa radith roote ot fea Oniomand fo 
fet,doth bring forth this herbe Tarragon, 


Ss 


S 


SZ 


aS 


q The time, 
It is greene ail Summer long, and a great part 
of Autumne,and floureth in Tuly. 


The names. 
It is calledin Latine, Draco, Dracunculus hor? 
E tenfis,and Tragum vulgare by Clufiws ; Of the Ita. 
Yians,Dragoncellym ; in French,Dragon , in Englith, Tarragon, 
It is thought tobe that Tarchon which —Anicen mentioneth in his 686. chapter:but hewriteth 
fo little thereof,as that nothing can certainly be affirmed oF it, Simeon Sethi the Greeke alfo ma- 
keth mention of Tarchon. 


G Thetemperatiure and vertues; 
Tarragon is hot and drie in the thitd degree, and not to be eaten alone in fallades,but ioyned 


with other herbes,as Lettuce,Purflain,and fuch like,that it may alfo tempes the coldnes of them, 
like as Rocket doth,neither doe we know what other vfe this hicrbe hath. 


Cuarins Of: garden Crefies. 
@ The Aefiription. 


I Arden Crefles or Towne Crefles hath fmall arrow lagged leaues,fharpe and burning 
intafte. The ftalks be tound,a cubite high,which bring forth many fmall white flowers, 
andafter little flat huskes or {cede veilels, like to thofe of fhe pheards purfe,wherein are 

contained feeds of a browne reddith colour: The roote dieth when the feede is ripe, 

2 There is another kinde in tafte like the former but. in leaues farre different, which I reco! 
ueted of feedes,fent me from Robinus dwelling in Paris. The ftalkes rife vp to the height ofa foot, 
¥arnithed with many broad leaues deepely cut or indented about the edges : the middle of the 
leafe isdeckt and garnifhed with many little fmall leaues or rather fhreds of ledues,which make 
thefame like a curlde fanne of feathers. The feede is like the former in fhape. 

3 Spanith Creffes rifeth forth of the ground like vnto Bafill , aftenvards the leaues grow 
larger and broader,like thofe of Matigolds ; among the which rifeth vp a crooked lymmer ftalke, 

X3 where- 


250 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisin 


whereupon do grow {mal| tufts or fpokierundles of white flowers. The {eede followeth,browne 
of colour, and bittet in tafte. The whole plant is of a.loathfome {mell and fauour. 

Stone-Crefle groweth flatvpon the ground, with leaues iagged and cutabout the ed ges 
like the oake leafe ,xefembling well the leaues of fhepheardes purfe. I haue not feene the flow ers, 
and therefore they be not expreft in the figuresnotwithftanding itis reported yato me,that they 
bee {mall and white of colour,as are thofe of the garden Creffes. The {eed is contained in {mall 

ce CNet te 5 Se 
pouches or feede veffels,like thofe of Treacle muftard or Thlafpi. 


q The Place. 


‘refles are fownein gardens, itskils notwhat foile it be , for that they like any ground,efpeci- 
relies D' Bi 2 ~ Bi 5 P, i D P 
ally ifit be well watered. + M.Bow/es found the fourth growing in Shropfhire in the fields about 
Birch in the parifh of Elefmere, inthe grounds belonging to M. Richard Herbert,and that in 
great plenty. £ 


a The Time. 
It may be fowne atany time of the yeere,vnlefle it be in Winter ; it groweth vp quickly, and 
bringeth forth betimes both ftalke and feede: it dieth euery yeere, and recouereth it felfe of the 
fallen or fhaken feed. 


1 Najflurtium hortenfé, a] The Names. 
Garden Creffes. 


Creffes is called in Greeke ran: in Latine 
Nafturtium,in Englith Creffes:the Germaines call 
it Reelferand m French, Creffow: the Italians,Wa- 
flursio, and gretto: of fome, towne Creffes,and 
garden Karfle. Itis called Nuflurtium,as Varroand 
Plinie thinke 4 narribus torquendis, that is to fay,of 
writhing the nofthrils, which alfo by the loath- 
fome {mell and fharpnefle of the feede doth caufe 
fheefing. + The firft isc | Naflurtium hortenfe, 
Garden Creffes.2 Naflurtium hortenfé crifhum,Gar- 
den Creffes with crifpe,or curled leaues. 3 Naffur- 
psnicum,or Latifolium , Spanifh Crefles jor 
Broad-leaued Crefles, 4, This is Na/turtium petra- 
“umn of Taber nAmont Anus (and not of Lobel, as Our 
Author termed it.) Stone Crefles. £ 


q The Temperature. 

The herbe of garden Creffes is fharpe and bi- 
ting the tongue; and therefore it is very hot and 
drie, but lefie hot'whileft it is yong and tender,by 
reafon of the waterie moifture mixed therewith,by 
which the fharpeneffe is fomewhatallaied. 

The feede is much more biting then the herbe, 
and is hot and dric almoft in the fourth degree, 


& = qj The Vertues. ‘ 

“Uk Jy Jalen faith that the Creffes may be eaten with 

: e, bread Pelutiobfonium,and fo the Antient Spartanes 

vfually did ; and the low-Countrie men many times doe, who commonly vie to feed of Creffes 

with bread and butter. It is eaten with other fallade hearbes,as Tarragon and Rocket: and for 
this caufe it is chiefely fowen. 

It is good againft the difeafewhich the Germaines eall Scoxbuch and Seogbupes in Latine, 
Scorbutus . which we in England call the Scuruie,and Scurby,and vpon the feas the Skyrby: it is 
as good and as efteGuallas the Scuruie graffe,or water Crefles. ‘ 

C _ Dicfeorides faith, ifthe feed be ftamped and mixed with hony, it cureth the hardneffe of the 
milt: with Vineger and Barley meale parched it is a remedie againft the Sciatica,and t haway 
hard fivellings and inflammations. It {coureth away tetters, mixed with brine: it ripeneth felons, 
called in Greeke, amine : it forcibly cutteth and raifeth vp thicke and tough humors of the cheft; 
if it be mixed with things proper againft the ftuffing of the lungs. 

Diofcorides faith itis hurtfull to the ftomacke, and croubleth the belly. 


sess, Of the Hiftory of Planis. 251 


3 Najlurtium Hifpanicum, 4 Nafturtivm Petrenm. 
Spanifh Creffes. Stone Creffes, 


WEP 5 
a Op: aed CX? 2s 
We, ne. CNY 
i. a Nye 
Chae 
G 


It driueth forth wornies, bringeth downe the floures, killeth the child in the mothers womb, D 
and prouoketh bodily Iuft. ‘ 
Being inwardly taken,it is good for fuch as haue fallen from high places : it diffolueth chitte- E 
red bloud,and preuenteth the fame that it do not congeale-and thicken in any partof the body: 
it procureth fweat, as the later Phyfitions haue found and tried by experience, 


Cua. 1, Of Fndian Crepes. 


@ The Defcription. 


@ ‘efles of India haue many weake and feeble branches,rifing immediately from the gtound; 
difperfing themfelues far abroade ; by meanes whereof one plantdoth occupie a great cir 
cuit of ground,as doth the great Bindeweede. The tender ftalkes.dinide them{elues into fun- 

dry branches, trailing likewile vpon the ground, fomewhat bunched or fivollen vp at euery ioint 

or knee, which are in colour ofa light red, but the {paces betweene the ioints are greene. The 
leaues are round like wall peniwort,called Cotyledon,the footeftalke of the leafe commeth forth 
on the backefide almgott in'the middett of the leafe,as thofe of Frogbit,in tafte and fmell like the 

Barden Crefles, The flowers are difperfed throughout the whole plant, of colour yellow,with a 

croffed ftarre ouerthwart the infide, ofa deepe orange colour ; vnto the backe part of the fame 

doth hang a taile or fpurte,fuch as hath the Larkes heele, called in Latine Confilida Regalis, but 
greater, and the fpurre or heele longer ; whichbeing paft there fucceed bunched and knobbed 
cous or feede veffels, wherein is contained the feede, rough, browne of colour,and like ynto the 

{eedes of the beete, but {maller, } 


6 The Place, 

The feedes of this rare and faire plant came firft from the Indies into Spaifie,and thence into 
France and Flanders, from whenee I teceiued feede that bore with me both flowers and feede - 
efpecially thofe I receiued from my louing friend John Robin of Paris, i 

H © The Time. ) 
The {eedes muft be fowen inthe beginning of Aprill, vponabed ofhot horfe dung, and fomte 
; i 5 fine 


25% 


fine (fted earth caft thereon of an handfull thicke. The bed muft be covered in fundry places 
with hoopes or poles, to fuftaine the mat orfuch like thing that it muft be couered with in the 
night,and layd open to the Sunne in the day time. Thewhich being fprung vp, and hauing got- 
ten three leaues, you muft replant them abroad in the hotteft place of the garden, and moft fine 
and fertile mold. Thus may youdo with Muske-Melons, Cucumbers, and all cold fruits that re- 
quire hafte , for that otherwife the fro% will ouertake them before they come to fruit-bearing. 

$ They may alfobe fowen in good mold like as other feeds,and vfually are. + 


Najturtium Indicum cum flore & femine. 
Indian Creffes with floure and feed. 


q The Names. 


AN ; ee 2 Pa 
| rat ee This beautifull plant is called in Latine, Naflurtivm Indicum : inEnglifh, Indian Creffes. AL 
a) ae Bi though fome haue deemed it a kinde of Connolvulys, or Binde-weed ; yet 1am well contented that 
it itretaine the former name, for that the fmell and tafte thew itto bea kinde of Creffes. 


a ‘The Nature and Vertues. 
Wehaueno certain knowledge of his nature or vertues, but are content to refer it tothe kindes 


of Creffes, or toa further confideration. 


— ga 


Cuar.i14. Of Sciatica Crefses. 


@] The Defcription. 


t Ciatica Creffes hath many flender branches growing froma ftalke ofa cubit high,with 
{mall long and narrow leaues like thofe of Garden Creffes. The floures be very fmall, 
and yellow of colour, the feed-veffels be little flat chaffie huskes, wherein 1s the feed 

ofareddith gold colour, fharpe and very bitter in tafte. The rootis fmall, tough, white within 
and without, and ofa biting tafte. t 
+ The plantwhofe figure I here giue you in ftead of that with the narrower leaues of our Au- 


thor, hath leaues fomewhat like Rocket,but not fodeepe cut in,being only fhipt about the aah : 
? the 


Lis.2: Of the Hiftory of Plants, 253 é 


the vppet leaues arenot f{nipt, nor diuided at all, and are narrower.’ The floures decking the tops 
of the branches are {mall and white, the feed veffels are leffe then thofe of Creffes,and the feed it 
felfe exceeding fmall,and ofa blackifh colour ; the root is woody,fometimes fingle, otherwhiles 
divided intotwobranches. + 


@ The Place. 
It groweth vpon old wals and rough places by highwaies fides,and fuch like: I haue found it in 
corne fields about Southfleete neere to Grauefend in Kent, 


Tberis Cardamantica. q The Time. 
Sciatica Creffes. 


It floureth according to the late or earely 
fowing of itin the fields, in Iune and luly. 
@ The Names. 
Sciatica Creffes is called in Greeke jeesand 
wpeyernnt: 1 Latine Lberts : of Plinie,Heberis, and 
Nafturtiumfylueftre, and in like manner alfo Le. 


Vey! 


hi SIEN r = pidium. Thereis another Lepidium of Plinie : in 

} iM py \) SN Jac Englith, Sciatica Creffe. + The firft deferibed 
= rN | iz — may be called Lberis Cardamantica tensifolia, 
IN A UP Smiall leaued Sciatica Creffes. The fecond, 


Iber ss latiore folio, broad leaued Sciatica Cref, 
165. 0+: 


SENG 


@ The Nature. 

Sciatica Cyeffe is hot in the fourth degree, 
and like to garden Creffes both in fmelf and - 
in tafte. 

@ The Vertues. 


The rootes gathered in Autumne,faith Di. px 
ofcorides, doe heate and burne, and are with * 
good fucceffe with fwines greafe made vp in 
manner of a plaifter,and put vpon fuch as are 
tormented with the Sciatica: it is tolieon 
the grictted place but foure hours at the moft, 
and then taken away, and the parient bathed 
with warme water, and the place afterwards 

f anointed with oile,and wool] laid on it;whicli 
things Galen in his ninth booke of medicines, according to the place greeued,citeth out of Demo- 


Cuari5y. Of Banke Crefies. 
q The Defcription, 
es Anke Creffes hath long leaues, deepely curor jagged vponboth fides, not vnlike to 


thofe of Rocket,or wilde muftard. The ftalkes be {mal,limber or pliant,yet very tough, 

and wil twift and writhe as doth the Ozier or water willow,wherupon do grow {mall 
yellow flowers,which being paft there do fucceed little flender cods, full of {mall {eedes,in tafte 
tharpe and biting the tongue as thofe of Creffes. 

" ' The fecond kinde ofbanke Creffes hath leavies like vato thofe of Dandelion, fomewhat’ 
fe embling Spinach, The branches be fong, tough, and pliant like the other. The flowers be 
By hurhich are fucceeded by {nal long cods,hauing leaues growing amongft them : in thefé 
€ods is contained {mall biting feed like the other of this kinde. The fell of this plant is very 
vngratefull, ; 

Banke Creffes is found ina @ The Place. : 

“e ~Teltes 1s found in ftonie places among rubbith, by path waies, yv onearth or muddé 
walls,and in other vntoiled places, ‘i z i ete a tag 


The 


254. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


The fecond kinde of bahke Creffes groweth in fuch places as the former doth: I found it 
growing ata place by Chelmes forde in Effex called little Baddowve, and in fundrie other pla- 
ces. : 

+ four Author meant this which Ihaue defcribed and giuen you the figure of (as it is pro- 
bable he did) I doubt he {earce found it wilde: I haue feene itin the garden of Mafter Parkinfon, 
and it groweth wilde in many places of Italy. $ 

: q] The Time. 
They flower in Iune and Iuly,and the feed is ripe in Auguft and September. 


q The Names, 

Banke Crefles ig called in Latine Zrio and Ery/imum :in Greckeiiaver, and of fome, zausmln> ac- 
cording to Diofiorides:T heophraftus hath an other Ery/imum.t The firlt is called Z770,0r Ery fimmum by 
«Matthiolus Dodoneusand others. Turner,Fuchfins and Tragus call itVerbena femina, or recta, The 
fecond is Iria alter of -aatthiolus,and. Saxifraca Romanoruim, Lugd, It may be called Italian Banke 
Crefled: or Roman Saxifrage. £ 


x Evy (imum Dio{coridis,Lobelz. t 2 Eryfimum alterum Italicum. 
Bancke Crefles. mi. ! Italian bancke Creffes. 


offer abe v 


@ The Nature. 


The feed ofbancke Creffes is like in tafte to garden Creffes, and is as Galen faith ofa fierie 
temperature,and doth extreamely attenuate or make thinne, 


qq The Vertues. 


‘A -. The feed ofbancke Creffes is good againft the rheume that falleth into the cheft, by rotting 
the fame. 

It remedieth the cough,the yellow jaundife,and the Sciatica or ache of the hucklebones, if it 
be taken with hony in manner of a lohoe and often licked. 

C _ Itisalfodrunkeagainft deadly poifons, as Dioféorides addeth : and being made vp in a plai- 
{ter with water and hony and applied, it is aremedie againft hidden cankrous apoftumes behind 
the eares,hard {wellings and. inflammations of the pappes and {tones. 

D £ Thefeeds of the Italian Banke Crefles,orRoman Saxifrage taken inthe weight ofa dram} 

in 


Li a 2s Of the Hiftory of Plants. | 255 


in a decoction of Graffe roots, effectually cleanfe rhe reines, and expel] the ftone,as the Authour 
ofthe Aift. Lugd. affirmes. + 


+ The figurethatwas here inthefecond place was of the Sonchus (luaticus, or Libanotis Theophraft ifterilis of Tabernamontanis. You fhall finde mention of it d+ 
mong{tthe Soncbi, or Sow-chifties. 


Cuar.16. Of Docke (reffes. 


+} Lampfana. q The Deféription, 
> Docke Crefles.: 
2) Ocke-Creffes is a wilde Wort of 


ror ove SAVLW OUAMA UNS, t ) 3 
pot-herbe hauing roughith hairy 


leaues ofan overworne grcene co- 
tour, deepely cut or indented ypon both fides 
like the leaues of finall Turneps. The ftalkes 
grow tothe height of two or threecubits, and 
fometimes higher, diuiding themfelues toward 
the top into fundry little branches,whereon do 
grow many {mall yellow floures like thofe of 
Hieracium, ox Hawke-weed;which decaying, ate 
fucceeded by little crefted heads containing a 
longith fmall feed fomewhat like Lettice feed, 
~ but ofa yellowith calour: the plant is alfo mil2 
kie,the ftalke woody,and the root {mall, fibrous, 
and white. 
«| The Place. 

Dock-Crefles grow euery where by High- 
waies, vpon walls made of mud or éarth, and in 
ttony places. 

q) TheTime. 

It floureth from May to theend: of Auguft ; 

the {eed is ripe in September, 


@ The Names. 

Docke-Creffes aré called in Greeke , Amlitm 
in Latine, Lampfana,and Napinm,by Dodonays : 
Tabernamontanys calleth this, Sonchus fjluaticus : 
Camerarius afixmes, That in Prnffia they call it 
Papillaris. 


The Nature, 
Docke-Creffes are of nature hot, and fomewhat ab fterfiue or cleanfing. 
The Vertues. 
Taken in meate, as Galea and. Diofcorides affirme, it ingendreth-euill inyce and naughtie nou- 
rifhment. 
4 £  Camerarius affirmeth, That it is vfed with good fucceffe in Pruffia ‘againft vicerated or fore 
teafts. £ : 


The fignre thatwas hete,was of the Rapiflram arvoritm , deferibedin the (econd chapter of this booke 3 andthe true gure of this plant Here deferibed was 
pag.231-ynderchename of Sonchus (jluaticus, 


Cuapr. 17. 
Of Water-Parfenep, and Water-Creffes. 


I ~Y Reat Water-Parfenep groweth vpright, aud is defcribed to haue leaues of a pleafant 

YF fauour, fat and fullof iuyceas thofe of Alexanders, but fomewhat leffer,refembling 

the Garden Parfenep.: the ftalke is round, {mooth, and hollow, liketo Kexe or Ca- 

thes: the root confifteth of many finall ftrings or threds faftned vato the ftalke within the water 


or 


A 


256 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Liz. 2. 


— 


1 Sinm majus latifolium. 1 t Sinm majus anguftifolium, 
_ Great Water Parfenep. a The leffer water Parfenepp. 
Siuaa » Lak fo Human? oY lume ons us tef ee roa 


£ 4 Sinm alterum Olufatri facie. 
Long leaued water-Creffes. 
Chevitce “ULL SA. 


or miry ground : atthe top go grow many 
white floures, infpoky roundles like fen- 
nell, which being bruifed do yeeldavery 
{trong fauour, {melling like Petroleum, as 
doth the reft of the plant. 

+ 2 This plant much refembles the 
laft defcrited, and growes vp fome cubit 
andahalfe high, with many leaues finely 
fniptabout the edges, growing vpon one 
rib, and commonly they ftand bolt vp- 
right. The vmbell confifts of little white 
floures ; the root is {mal, and confifteth oF 
many ftrings. 

+ 3 There is another very like this, 
but they thus differ:the ftalkes and leaues 
of this later are leffe than thofe of the pre- 

- cedent,and not fo many vpon one rib ; the 
other growes vpright , to fome yard or 
more high: this neuer growes vp, but al- 
waies creepes, and almoft at cuerie toynt 
puts forth an vmbelof floures. 

4. To thefe may be added another, 
whofe root confifts ofaboundance of wri- 
then and fmall blacke fibres ; the ftalkes 
are like Hemlock,fome three cubits high; 
the leaues are long, narrow , and {nipped 

about 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 257 


about the edges, growing commonly two or three together: the vmbel of foures is commonly of 
ayellowith greene : the {eed is like parfly feed, but in tafte fomewhat refembles Cumizie , Dancus 
Creticus;and the rinde of a Citron, yet feemes fomewhat hotter, + 

5 Water-Creflehath many fatand weake hollow branches trailing vpon the grauell, and 
earth where it groweth, taking hold in fundry places as,it creepeth ; by meanes whereof the plant 
{preadeth ouera great compatfle ofground. The leaues are likewife compact and winged with 
many {mall leaues fet vpon a middle rib one againft another, except the point leafe, which ftands 
by it felfe, as doth that of theahh,if it grow in his naturallplace,which is ina grauelly {pring, The 
vpper face of the whole pJgnt is ofabrowne colour, and greene vnder the leaues,which is a perfec 
marke to know the phyfi€all kinde from the others. The white floures grow along it the ftalkes, 
and are fucceeded by cods wherein the {eed is contained. The root is nothing elfe but as it were 
‘athrumme or bundle of threds. 


t 5 Naffurtinm aquaticum, fine Cratena £ 6 Sium Matthiolic> Ttalorum, 


Sinm. A Italian Water-Crefle, 
Pop het Gi etl 


ee 


ee 


t 
H 
| 


en CN int tne 
SS SS 


+6  Thereisalfo another kinde hereof, hauing leaues growing many onone ftalke, fnipt about 
the edges, being in fhape betweene the garden Creffes and Cuckow-foures: the ftalke is crefted, 
and divided into many branches ; the floures white, and are furcceeded by cods like thofe of our 
ordinarie Water-Creffe lait defcribed, 

¥ gq The Place. 


$ x ThefirofthefeI hauenot found growing, noras yet heard of within this kingdome. 

2 The fecond I firft found in the company of M. Robert Larkin, going betweene Reariffe and 
Deptford, in a rotten boggy place on the right hand of the way. 

3. The third growes almof in eucry watery place about London. 

4 This is morerare,and was found by M?. Goodyer in the ponds about Moore Parke ; and by 
M. Georze Bowles in the ditches about Ellefmere, and in diuers ponds in Flint-fhire; 

5 The fifth is as frequent as the third,and commonly they grow neere together. 

6 This Zobel (aith he found in Piemont, in riuelets amongft the hills:I haue not yet heard 
thatit growes with vs. t 

x The 


—— 


25 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 2. 


G The Time. 
‘They {pring and wax greene in Aprill, and floure in Tuly. ap 
The water Crefle to be eaten in fallads fheweth it felfe in March,when itis beft, and floureth 


in Summer with the reft. 
q The Names. 


x The firft of thefe is Sinm maius latifolium of Tabernamontanus. 
This is Sioa odoratum Traci : Sinm,of Matthiolus,D odonens,and others : it is taken to be Sizm, 
or Laner, of Dioftorides. Lobelcalls it alfo Paftinaca aquatica, or water Parfenep. 

3 This maybe called Sium vmbellatum repens, Creeping water Parfenep. Of this there is a rea- 
fonable good figure in the Hiftoria Lugdunenis, pag. 1092. vider the title of Sim vernm Matthioli » 
but the defcription is of thatwe here giue you in the fixth place. 

4 This is Sium alserum of Dedoneus : and Sinm alterum Jlufatri facie of Lobel. ; 

5 Many iudge this to bethe Sifymbrium alterum,or Cardamine of Diofcorides :as-alfo the Sion 
of Cratenas and therefore Lobel termes it Sion (ratene eruce folium. tis called by Dodoneus, and 
vulgarly in fhops knowne by the name of Nafturtinm aquaticum, or water Crefles. : 

6 Thisis called Sivm vulgare by Matthiolus : Lobel alfo termes it Sinm —Matthioli & Italorum: 
This was thought by our Countrey-man Doctor Turner tobe no other than the fecond here de- 
{cribed : of which opinion I mutt confeffe I alfowas ; but vpon better confideration of that which 


Lobel and Banhine haue written, lhaue changed my minde. 
@ The T emper ature. 
Water-Creffe is cuidently hot and dry. 


q The Vertues. 
Water-Creffe being boyled in Wine or Milke, and drunke for certaine dayes together, is very 
good againft the Scuruy or Scorbute. ; , } 
Being chopped or boyled in the broth of fleth, and eaten for thirty dayes together, at morning, 
noone, and night, it prouoketh vrine, watts the ftone, and driueth it forth. Taken in the fame ma- 
ner, it doth cure yong maidens of the green fickneffe, bringeth downe the termes,and fendethinta 
the face their accuftomed liuely colour, loft by the ftopping of their Menfirua, 


ms WD be 


Cuari8. Of wilde Water-Creffes, or (uckow Floures. 


@ The Defcription, 


i He firft of the Cuckow floures hath leaues at his {pringing vp fomwhat round,and thofe 
that {pring afterward grow iagged like the leaues of Grecke Valerian: among which ri- 
feth vp a ftalkea foot long; fet with the like leaues, but {maller, and more iagged , re- 

fembling thofe of Rocket. The floures grow at the top in fall bundles, white of colour, hollow 

in the middle, refembling the white fweet-Iohn : after which do come {mall chaffie husks or feed 
veflels,wherein the feed is contained. The root is fmall and threddy. 

2 The fecond fort of Cuckow floures hath fmall iagged leaues like thofe of fmall water Va- 
lerian, agreeing with the former in ftalkes and roots : the Houres be white, ouerdafht or declining 
toward a light carnation. 

+ 3  Theleauesand ftalks of this are like thofe of the laft defcribed ; neither are the floures 
which firft fhew themfelues much vnlike them ; but when as they begin to faile, in their middle 
rife vp heads of pretty double floures madeo f many leaues, like in colour to thefe of the fingle. ¢ 

4 The fourth fort of Cuckow Floures groweth creeping vpon the ground,with {mall threddy 
ftalkes, whereon do grow leaues like thofe of the field Clauer, or three leaued Graffe : among{t 
which do come vp fimalland tender ftalkes two hand fulls high, hauing floures atthe top in grea- 
ter quantitie than any of thereft, of colour white ; and after them follow cods containing a {mall 
feed. The root is nothing elfe but as it were a bundle of thrums or threds. . 

5 Milke white Lady-fmocke hath ftalkes rifing immediately from the root, diuiding them- 
felues into fundry {mall twiggy and hard branches, fet with Jeaues like thofe of Serpilum. The 
floures grow atthe top, made of foure leaues of a yellowith colour : the root is toughand woody, 
with fome fibres annexed thereto, $ This is noother than the firft defcribed, differing onely 

therefrom in that the floures are milkewhite, as our Author truly inthe title of his figure made 
them ; yet forgetting himfelfe in his defeription, he makes them yellowifh,contrarie to himfelfe 
andthe truth. + 


6 Mountaine 


Lina? OftheHlifteryof Plants. SS*« 


1 Cardamine, Cuckow floures. 2 Cardamine altera. WLadies-fmocks. 
Carlen i roADnrS iS { 


On, 


+ 3 Cardamine altera florepleno. G Cardamine Trifolia. 
Double floured Lady-fmocke: Three leaued Lady-finocke, 


WOR 


RN 
Wil bi > 
i, 


[ee 
ie. 


6 Cardaming 


6 Cardamine Alpina, 
Mountaine Lady-Smocke. 


8 Cardumine pumila Bellidis folio Alpina, 
‘The Dwarfe Dafie-leaued Lady- 
fmocke of the Alpes. 


“360 ©=©——~S*C«S the ifforie of Plants). Lana 


£7 Stam minus im pattems, »\\s, 
The impatieht Lady-fmocke. 


6 Mountaihe Lady-finocke hath many 
roots, nothing elfe but as it were a bundle of 
threddy ftrings, from thewhich do come forth 
three or foure {mall weak or tender leaues made 
of fundry {mall leaues , in fhew like tothofe of 
{mall water Valerian. The ftalkes be{malland 
brittle, whereupon doe grow fmall floures like 
the firftkinde. 

+ 7 I fhouldbeblame worthy if in this place 
T omitted that pretty conditioned Sis which 
is kept in diuets of our London gardens, and 
was firft brought hither by thar great Treafurer 
of Natures rarieties, M.Iohy Tradefiant. This 
plant hath leaues fet many vpona rib, like as the 
other Siam defcribed in the fecond place hath; 
but they are cut in with two orthree prety deep 
gathes : the ftalk is {ome cubit high, & diuided 
into many branches, which haue many {mall 
white floures growing vpon them : after thefe 
floures are paft there follow fimall long cods 
containing a {mall white feed. Now the nature 
of this plant is fuch, that if you touch but the 
cods when as the feed is ripe, though you do it 
neuer fo gently, yet will the feed fly all abroad 
with violence, as difdaining to be touched : 
whencethey vfually call it Nalé me tangere as 
they for the like qualitie name the Perficarta fi- 
Liquofa. The nature ofthis plant is fomewhat 
admirable, for ifthe feeds (as I faid) be fully 
ripe, 


Ne 


Lis. 2. Of he Hiftory of Plants. 261 


ripe,though you put but your hand neere them,as profering totouch them,though you doe ir not, 
yetwill they fly out vpon you,and if you expect no fuch thing, perhaps make you afttaid by reafon 
of the-fuddennefle thereof. This herbe is written ofonely by Prajper Alpinix, vnder the title of 
Sinm Minimum : and it may be called in Englifh,Impatient Lady-fmocke, or Cuckow floure, It 
is an annuall, and yeerely fowes it felfe by the falling feeds . + 

+ 8 The leaues of this fomewhat tefemble thofe of Dafyes,but leffe,arid lie {pread vpon 
the ground,amongft which rifes vp a weake and flender f¥alke fet with 3 ot 4 leaues at cettaine dj_ 
ftances,it being fome handful high, the top is adorned with fmal white flcures confifting of foure 

‘Jeaues apeece,atter which follow large and long cods, confidering the fmallnes of the plant; with- 

in thefe ina double order is conteined a fmall reddith feed,of fomewhatabiting tafte. The root 

creepes vpon the top ofthe ground, putting vp new buds in diuers places.Clufins found this gtow- 

ing vpon the rockes on the Etfcherian mountaine in Auftriajand hath giuen vs the hiftory and §- 

gure thereof vnder the name of Plawtula Cardamines emulaand Sinapi puraulum Alpinum + 
q. The Time and Place, : 

That ofthe Alpith mountaines is a ftranger in thefe cold Countries : the reft are to be found 
euery where, as aforefaid, efpecially in the caftle ditch at Clare in Effex. + The feuenth growes © 
naturally infome places of Italy. + 

Thefe flower for the moft part in Aprill and May, when the Cuckowe doth begin to fing her 
pleafant notes with out ftammering. 

The Names. 

They are commonly called in Latiné, Flos Cuculi,by Brunfelfins and Dedoneus,for the reafon 
aforefaidsand.alfo fome call them Nafturtivm aquaticum minus, Or leffer water Creffe : of fome,Car- 
damine,and Sifjmbrium alterum of Diofcorides : itis called in the Germane tongue, #Bildercrefs3 
in French, Pafferage fannage « in Englifh,Cuckowe flowers : in Northfolke, Canterbury bells : at 
the Namptwich in Chefhire,where I had my beginning, Ladie {mockes, which hath giuen me 
caufe to Chriften it after my Country fafhion. 

q The Nature and V ertues. 

Thefe herbes be hor and dtie.in the fecond degree: we haue no certaine proofe or auth ority 
of their vertues, butfurely from the kindes of water Crefle they cannot much differ, and therefore 
to them they may be referredhin their vertues, 


sthe counterfeit. ftalkes and +heades being taken away, a 


T The figure that was in the fourth place; beirig ofthe(ame plant that is decribed in thefirlt place i 
rames hy looking ypon the figure,andthe ftrength of his 


Bauhine Hgktly hath obferueds ag alfo thedefcriptionthereof, which (as many otkicr) our Author f 
owne fancic: I hanc omitted as impertinent. 


Cuar.y. Of TreacleeM uftard. ’ 


The Defcription. nt 
2 Reacle muftard hath long broad leaues,efpecially thofe next the ground, the others 
lefler, flightly indented about the edges like thofe‘of Dandelion, The ftalkes be 
long and brittle,diuided into many branches euen fromthe ground to the topywhere 
grow many {mall idle flowers tuft fathion,after which ficceed large, flat, thin, chailie huskes or 
iced veffels heart fafhionwherein are conteined browne flat feed’, tharpe in tafte, burning the 
tongue as doth muftard feed, leaning a tafte or fauour of Garlicke behtinde for a farewell. ve 
s2 Mithridate Muftard hath long narrow leaues like tho of Woad,or rather Cow BafilsThe 
ftalkes be inclofed with finall {nipt leaues cuen to the branches, Pyramidis fathion, that is to 
fay,fmaller and finaller toward the top, where it is divided into-findrie branches, wheieon doe 
grow {mall flowers :which being paft, the cods, or rather thinne chatfic huskes do appeare fullofF 
tharpe feed,like the former. The roote is long and flendet, f 
3 Thethird kinde of Treacle Muftard,named Knaues Muttards (for that it is 00 bad fer ho- 
neft men) hath long, fat,and broad Jeaues,like thofe of Dwale or deadly Nightthade:in-tatte like 
thofe of Vuluaria or finching Orach, fet vpon a round ftalke tiocubits high,dinided at the to 
into {mall armes or branches,whereon do gtow {mall foolith white fpokie Howers. The feed is 
conteined in flat pouches like thofe of Shepheards purfe,brown,tharpe in tafteand Of an ill fauor. 
4 Bowyers Muftard hath the lowet leauies refembling the ordinary Thlafpi,but the vpper are 
very {mall like tode flaxe but fmaller. The ftalkes be {mall, flender,and many, The flowers be 
fmall,and white,each confifting of foure leaues. The feeds be placed vpon the branches from the 
loweft part of them to the top,excceding fharpe and hot in tafte,and ofa yellowith célour,. The 
roote is {mall and woody. 4! 
_ 5 Grecian muftard hath many leaues {pred vpon the ground, like thofe of the common Dai- 
fie,of a darke greenith coloursfromthemidft whereof {pring vp ftalkes two foote long, diuided 
Yj inte 


Lis 
lpi Vu 
Mithzidate h 
UV Ce 
“4. Thlafpi minus: 
Bowy 


2 Thi 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


wake 
— ee ee RMR ce ora Re MENTS ay eel a ON seer erumehe © Sere he 
hlalhi Diofcorza big ‘uleati (imum. 
: Muftar 
4 * 
aia bya 
ers Muftard? 
Aral 


1 Thlafpi Diofcoridis, 
Treacle Muftatd 
Knaues Muftard, 


3 Thlafpi mains. 


-Tnenk Of the Hiftory of Plants: 2163 


5 Thlafpi Gracum. 6 Thlafpi amarium, 
Grecian Muftard. Clownés Muttard. 


5 Gams Wn ALA, 


7 ThlafpiClhpeatuw Lobelf, g Thlalpj mings Bi peatum: 
Buckler Mutftard. Small Buckler Muftard: 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


into many {mall branches, whereupon grow {mall white flowers compofed of foure leaves, after 
which {ucceed round flat huskes or feed veffels, fet vpon the ftalke by couples, as it were fundry 
paires of {pe ctacles, wherein the feed is contained, fharpe and biting as the other, This is fome- 
times feen with yellow flowers, 

+ 6 Clownes muftard hath a fhort white fibrous root,fromwhence ariferh vpaftalke of » 
the height ofa foorwhich a little aboue the root diuides it felfe into fome foure or fine bran- 
ches,and thefe againe are {ubdiuided into other, fmaller fo that it refembles a little fhrub: 
longifh narrow Jeaues notched after the manee of Sciatica Creffes by turees garnifh thefe bran- 
ches,and thefe leaues areas bitter as the {maller Centaury. The flowers ftand thicke together ar 
the tops of thefe branches in manner of little vmbels,and are commonly of a light blew and white 
mixed together (being feldome onely white,or yellow.) After the flowers fucceed feed veffels 
after the manner of the other plants of this kinde,and in them is conteined a {mall hot feed £ 

7 Buckler muftard hath many large Jeaues,{pread vpon the ground like Averacinm or Hawke- 
weede, fomewhat more toothed or {nipt about the edges ;among which comes yp ftalkes final 
and brittle,a cubit high, garnifhed with many {mall pale yellowith flowers : in whofe place fuc- 
ceed manyround flat. cods or pouches,buckter fafhion,conteining a feed like vnto thé others. 

8 Small Buckler Muftard,is avery {mall, bafe,or low plant,hauing whitith leaues like thofe 
of wild Time,fet vpon fmall,weake and tender branches. The flowers grow at the top like the 
other buckler Muftard. The. feed veffels are like, but not fo round, fomewhat fharpe. pointed, 
fharp in tafte,8 burning the tongue. The whole plant lieth flat vpon the ground, like wild Tyme. 

The Place, ; 

Treacle or rather Mithridate Muftard groweswild in fundry places in corn fields,ditch banks, 
and in fandy,drie,and barren ground.J haue found it incorne fields betweene Croydon & Gods- 
ftone in Surrey,at South-flecte in Kent,by the path that leadeth from Harnfey (a {mall villageby 
London) vato Waltham croffe, and in many other places. 

The other do grow vnder hedges, oftentimes in fields and in ftonie and vntoiled places ; they 
row plentifully in Bohemiaand Germany : they are:feene likewife on the ftonie bankes of the 
tiuer Rhene. They are likewife to be found in England in fundrie places wilde,the which I haué 
gathered into my garden. + I haue found none but the firft and fecond growing wilde in any 
part of England as yet;but I deny not, but that fome of theother may be found, though notall. £ 

© The Time. 

Thefe treacle Muftards até found with their flowers from May to-Luly,and the feed is ripe in 
the end of Auguft. 


@ The Names. 

The Grecians call’thefe kindes of herbes %#ex,tiasnidonw Zinn den of the huske or feed veflell} 
which is like alittle fhield. They haue alfo other names which be found among the baftard 
words : as Scandulaceum, Capella, Pes gallinaceus.. Neither be the later writers without their names, 
as Najturtinm tectorum,and Sinapi rufticum : itis called in Dutch, 9Bilde Rerfe ¢ in French, Senene 
fasuage: in Englifh,Treacle Muftard, dith Muftard, Bowyers Muftard:of fome, Thlafz, after the 
Grecke name,Churles muftard,and wilde Creffes. 

£ 1. This is Thlafpi Diofcoridis Drabe,aut Chaineline folio of Lobell:T hlafpi Latins of Dodonats 3) 
and the fecond Thla/pi of emtatthiolus. ' 

2 This;Thlapi Vuleatiffimum Vaccarie folio of Lobell: the firft Thlapi of Matthiolus and fecond 
of Dodonews ; and this is that Thlapiwhofe feed is vfed in fhops. 

3 This is TAla/p: majus of Tabernamontanus. 

4 Thisis Thlafpi minus of Dodoneus:T hlafpi:anguftifokium of Fuchfius : Thlafpi minus hortenfé 
Ofjridis folioxeyc, of Lobell:and Naflurtiiim fylveftre of Thalius. 

5 This is Aly[on of Matthiolus :T hlalpe Gracum Polygonati folio, of Lobell and Tabern, 

6 Thisthe Author of the 4/2. Lug. calls Nafturtinm fylveftre, Tabern. calls it Thlafpi amarum) 

7  Lobell termes this Thlajpi parvum Hieracifolinm.and Lunaria Lutea Monfpelienfium. 

$8 This is Thlafpi minus clypeatum Serpillifolio of Lobell. $ 

7 The figures of chefe twolatt mentioned were tranfpofed in the former Edition, 
The Temperature. 
The feed of thefe kindes of Treacle Muftards be hot and drie in the end of the third degree. 
@ The Vertues, 

The feed of Thlafpi or treacle Muftard eaten, purgeth colour both vpward and downeward, 
prouoketh flovers, and breaketh inward apofthumes; 

The fame vfed in clyfters, helpeth the Bite, ae is good vnto thofe purpofes forwhich Mus 
ftard feed ferueth. 

@ The Danger. 

The feed of thefe herbes be fo extreame hot and vehement in working,that being taken in toe 

great 


Las) 2. Of he Hittory of Plants. es 


Great a quantitie, purgeth and {coureth even vnto blond,and is hurtfull to womenwith child.and 
therefore great care is td behad.in giuing them inwardly in any great quantitie. > 


— 


Cua. 20... Of Candie Mauftard. 


. The Defcriptacs. 
Andie muftard excelleth all the reft,as well for the comely floures that it briageth forth for 
the decking vp of gardens and houfes,as alfo for that it goeth beyond tlic reft in his phyfi 
: callvertues. It rifeth vp witha very brittle ftalke ofa cubit high.which diuideth it feif ai, 
to findry bowes or branches, fet with leaues like thofe of ftocke sillifloures of a gray or ‘ o. 
worne St of colour. The floures grow at the top of thes ftalke roundt hicke clu ian oe ea 
like thofe of Scabious or diuels bit,fometimes blew,often purple carnation or baal fet Bore 
dome white for any thing that Lhaue feen,varying according to the foile or Cl snk ‘ Tl feed 
is reddifh, fharpe,and biting the tongue,wrapped tn little huskes fafhioned like : rare + There 


is a lefler variety of this with white fmelli eee seas me ae ee 
isale ety oft well {melling flowers, in other refpects little differing from 


4 


the ordinary. + KG 
. 4 4 KG 
Thlafpi Candia. 4 yn {Le 
° wr 


£. Thlalpi Candia parvum flo. albo. 
; Small Candy muftard witha white floure 
e 


Candie Muftar 


<p, 


Gi Bm», 
= “ype 
}) 


; . 
yay NZ. Z Sein 
zy th 
ior ‘ 
“t “ Lie 
ly 


; @ The Place: ¢ 
This growes naturally in {ome places of Auftria,as alfo in Candy, Spaine, & Italy, from whence 
. Irecciued feeds by the liberality of the right Honorable the Lord Edward Zouch, at his returne 


into England from thofe parts; + Clufius found the later as he trauelled through Switzerland in- 
to Germany. + q| The Time. wrt 

It floureth fromthe beginning of May vnto the end of September,at which time you fhall 
haue floures and feeds vpon one branch, {ome ripe,ond fome thatwill not ripen at all. 

The Name. - , 

+ This plantis called by Dodoneus(but not rightly) Arabis and Draba :asalfo Thlafpi Candias 

which laft name is reteined by moft writers : in Englith,Candy Thlafpi,or Candy Muftard. + 
| The Temperature. 
The feed of Candie Muftard is hotand drie at the end of the third degree,as is that called Sco. 


vodothla/pi, or treacle muftards C} 
ape 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Liz. 2. 


Cuari2n Of Treacle Muftard. 


. G The Defcription. 

Oundleauéd Muftard hath many large leaues laid flat vpon the groundlike the leaues 
of the wilde Cabbage, and of the fame colour; among which rife vp many flender 
ftalkes of fome two handftills high or thereabouts, which are fet with leaues far vn- 

like to thofe next the ground, ericlofing or embracing the ftalkes as do the leaues of Perfoliatum,or 

Thordw-wax. The floures grow at the top of the branches,white of colour;which being paft,there 

do fiicceéd flat huskes or pouches like vnto thofe of Shepheards purfe, with hor feed biting the 


tongue. 
1 Thlafpi rotundifelium. 2 Thlafpi Pannonicums Clufij. 
, Round leaued Muftard. p- , Hungary Muttard. 
phLos pe vedo peor oi MA 


Seow 


DAD 
We PEK 
) 


Ay 


Of 
al 7 

I 

Woy 


DP YD 


4) 
8 


i 
0) 


2 Hungary Muftard bringeth forth flender ftalkes of one cubit high: the leaues which firft 
appeare are flat, fomewhat round like thofe of the wilde Beet, but thofe leaues which after doe 
garnifh the ftalkes are long and broad like thofe of the garden Colewort, but leffer and fofter, 
greene on the vpper fide, and vnder declining to whiteneffe, {melling like Garlicke. The floures 
be {mall and white, confifting of foure {mall leaues,which ina great tuft or vmbel do grow thick 
thruft together : which being ‘paft; there followeth in euery {mall huske one duskith feed and no 
more, bitter and fharpe in tafte. The root is white and {mall,creeping vnder the ground far abroad” 
like the roots of Couch-graffe ; preparing new fhoots and branches for the yeare following, con- 
trarie to all the reft of his kinde,which are encreafed by feed,and not otherwife. 

3 Churles Muftatd hath many fmall twiggy ftalkes, flender,tough, and pliant, fet with {mall 
Jeaues like thofe of Cudweed, or Lauander, with fmall white floures: the huskes and feeds are 
{miall, few, fharpe,bitter, and vnfauorie : the whole plant is ofa whitith colour. 

4 Peafants Muftard hath many pretty large branches, with thinand iagged leaues like thofe 
of Creffes, but fmaller, in fauorand tafte like to the ordinarie Th/a/pz - the floures be whitifh, and 
grow in afmall fpoky tuft, The feed intafte and fauor is equall with the other of his kinde and 
countrey,or rather exceeds them in fharpneffe, : 

5 Yellow 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftorie a; Plantes: : 267 | 


3 Thlafpi Narbonenfi Lobel. 
Churles Muftard. 


4 Thlapivinbellatum Narbenen{e. 
Peafan ts Muftard of Narbone. 


f 5 Thlapifupinum luteume 
“Yellow Muftard. 


tin 
Nn 


Wj Wy 


5 Yellow Muftard hath an exceeding 
umber of whitith leaues {pred vpon the 
ground in manner of a turfe or hatfocke ; 
from the mid{t whereof rifeth vp an vp- 
right ftalke of three foot high, putting 
forth many fmall branches or armes : at 
the top whereof grow many {mall yellow 
floures like thofe of the wall-floure, but 
much leffer : which being paft, the husks 
appeare flat; pouch-fafhion, wherein is 
the feed like Treacle Muftard, fharp alfo 
and biting. 

6 White Treacle Muftard hath leaues 
{pred vpon the ground like the other, but 
{maller : the ftalkes rife vp from the mid- 
deft thereof, branched , fet with leaues 
fmaller than thofe that lie vpon the 
ground euen to the top,where doth grow 
atuft of white floures in fafhion like to 
thofe of the other Thlafpies : the feed is 
like the other : t The cods of this are 
fometimes flat, and orherwhiles round : 
the floures alfo grow fometimes fpike- 
fathion, otherwhiles inanymbell.I haue 
given you two figures expreffing botlt 
thefe varieties; + 


Sa a 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. — Lr. qe 


Fame 


6 Thlafpi album fupinum, & cius varictas. 
White Treacle Muftard. 


nod | he C 


7 Thlafpi minus Clufij. 8 Thlafpi petraum minus. 
Clufiushis{mallMuftard. Small Rocke Muttard. 


a 


Lira. 2. Of the Hiftory of Planis, oe 269 


7 This fimall kinde of Muftard hath a few {mall leaues f; ptead vpon the ground like thofe of 
the Jefler Dafie, but of ablewifher greene colour ; from which rife vp fmall tender talks fet with 
three, and fometimes foure {mall fharpe pointed leaues : the floures grow at the top, fmall and 
white; the cods are flar, pouch-fafhion, like thofe of Shepheards purfe,and in each ofthem there 
is contained two or three yellowith feeds, 

# 8 Tothefewemay fitly adde another {mall mountaine Thlafpi, firtt deferibed by that 
diligent and learned A pothecarie Lehn Ponaof Verona, in his defcription of Mount Baldus - This 
from a threddy root brings forth many-fmal] whitifh leaues lying {pred vpon the groundjand a lit. 
tle nicked about their edges : among thefe rifeth vpa ftalke fome two or three handfulls high, di- 
uaricated toward the top into diuers fmall branches, vpon which grow white little floures con{- 
fting of foure leaues apiece : which fading, there follow round feed-vefféls, like tothofe of Mya. 

grum : whence Pona, the firtt defcriber thereof, calls it Thlafpi petreum myagrodes. The feed is as 
fharge and biting as any of the other Thla pies. This'growes naturally in the chinkes of the rocks: 
in that part of Baldus that is termed Vallis frigida; ofy'The cold Valley, + 
q ThePlace. 

Thefe kindes of Treacle Muftard stow vpon hills and mountaines incorné fields, in tony bar: 

ren and grauelly grounds, 


© TheTime, 
Thefe floure in May,Iune,and Tuly : the feed is ripe in September, 
@ The Names, 

$ 1 Thisis Thlapioleraceum of Tabernamontanus + Thlafpi primum, of Dalefchampius : Thlafpi 
mitins rotundifolium of Columna, Our Author confounded itwith that whofe figure is the firft ig 
the enfuing Chapter, and called it Thlafpi incanuin, 
PhS Thlafpi montanum peltatum of Clufius : and Thlafpi Pannonicum of Lobel and T aber, 

3 Thlapi Narbonenfe centunculi anguftifolio, of Lobel : and Thlalpi maritimum of Dale champins. 

4 Thlapivmbellatum Nafurti hortenjis folio Narbonenfe, of Lobel. The figures of this and the pre- 
cedent were tranfpofed in the former edition, ; 
"5 Thlafpi [upinum luteum of Lobel. Our Authors figure was avarictie of the next following, 

6 Thlafpi album fupinum of Lobel : Thlafpi montanum fecundum of (Infius. 

7 Thlalpipumilum of Clufius : T hlajpi minimum of Tabernamontanurs 

8 Thlafpi petreum myagrodes of Pona : T blajpitertinm faxatile of Camerarius, in his Epit.of mati 
thiolus. + : 

| The Temperature and Vertues, 


The feeds of thefe churlith kindes of Treacle Mutftard hauea fharpe or biting qnalitic, breake 
inward apoftumes, bring downe the floures, kill the birth, and helpeth the Sciatica or painin the 
hip. They purge choler vpward and downeward,if you take twoounces anda halfe of them,as Dj- 
eng writeth, They are mixed in counterpoyfons,as Treacle, Mythridate, and fuch like Com, 
pofitions, 


scared nee, U0 = A Ve 
Cuar, 22% 

Of Wooddy <M, uftard, 
| The Defiription, 


z MN Ooddy Muttard hath long narrow leaues declining towhiteneffe,like thofe of the 

. ftocke Gilloflower, but {maller, very like the leaues of Rofemar yout fomewhat 

broader,with rough ftalks very tough and pliant,being of the fub{tanceofwood: 

the floures grow at the top, white of colour : the feeds do follow, in tafte fharpe and biting. The 
huskes or feed-veffels are round and fomewhat longith. 

2 Small woaddy Mutftard groweth to the height of two cubits, with many ftalkes fet with 
fmall narrow leaues like thofe of Hy flop, but rougher ; and at the top grow floures like thofe of 
Treacle Muftard, or Thlafpi.. The whole plant groweth asa fhrub or hedge-buth, 

3. Thorny Muftard Stoweth vp to the height of foure cubits,ofa wooddy fubftance, like vnto 
ahedge-buth,or wilde fhrub, with ftalkes beftwith leaues, floures, and feeds like the laft before 
Mentioned ; agreeing in all Points, fauing in the cruell pricking fharpe thornes wherewith this 
itis armed; the othernot, The root i8tough, wooddy, and fome fttings or fibres annexed 

ereto, : # 


Zz 4 There 


270 _ Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis..2. 


x Thlafpi fruticofum incanum, 2 Thlalpi fruticofum minus. 
Hoary wooddy Muttard. Small wooddy Muftard, 


Mas 


3 Thlafpi (pinofum. + sali fs, SOT ee ee 
gle £ 4 Thlafpi fruticofum folio Lencoy marini§ 
Thorny Muftard. Bothy Muftard, : 


£5 Thlafpé 


Lis. 2. Of he Hiftory of Plants. 271 


$ 5 Thlalpi hederacinm, 4 There is another fort of wooddy Muftard 

Tuy Muftard, j : growing in fhadowie and ob {eure mountaines, and 

Co be wrtoe Saf onnikou rough ftony places refembling the laft defcribed 

, fauing that this plant hath no pricks at all, but ma- 

ny {mall branches fet thick with leaucs,refembling 

thofe of the leffer fea Leucoion :the floures are many 

and white ; the feed like the other Thlafpies : the 
root is wooddy and fibrous. 

+ 5 Thereis (faith Zobel) in Portland and 
about Plimouth, and vpon other rockes on the fea 
coaft of England , a creeping little herbe hauing 
{mall red crefted ftalkes about a {panne high : the 
Jeaues are thicke and fafhioned like Iuy ; the white 
floures and fmallf feeds do in tafte and fhape refem- 
ble the Thlafpies. - = P 


fe s WW g The Place. 


\ 


¢ 1 The firft of thefe groweth about Me- 
chline. 

2. 3. 4. Thefeplants grow vpon the Alpith 
and Pyrene mountaines:in Piemont and in Italy,in 
ftony and rockie grounds, 


q The Time. 


They floure when the other kindes@f Thlafpies 
do; that is,from May to theend of Auguft, : 


q The Names. 


$1 This Clufiws and Lobel call Thlafpi incanum 
AMechlinienfe « Baubine thinks it to be the Iberis prima of T abernamontanus whole figure retained this 
place in the former edition. 
2 Thisis Thlafps frutico(um alterum of Lobel : Thlappi 5. Hifpanicum of Clufius. 
3 Lobelcalls this, Thla/pi fruticofum fpinofum. 
ee Y ibias calls this, Thlajpi fempervirens biflorumfolio Lencoij, ec, Lobel, Thlafpi fruicofum 
fio Lencoy crc. 
A § This Lobel calls Thla(pi hederacewm, + 


@ The Nature and Vertues: 


I findenothing extant of their nature or vertues, but,they may be referred tothe kinds of Thla- 
fpies, whereofno doubt they are ofkindred and affinitie,as well in facultie as forme. 


Cuar. 23. Of Towers Muftarde 


q The Defeription. 


X Owers Muftard hath beene taken of fome fora kinde of Creffes, and referred by them 

. toit: of fome, for one of the Mutftards, and fo placed among the Thlafpies as akinde 
thereof ; and therefore my felfemuft needs beftow it fomewhere with others. There- 

fore Lhauewith Clufiue and Lobel placed itamong the Thlafpies, as a kinde thereof. It commeth 
out of the ground with many long and large rough leaues, like thofe of Hounds-tongue, efpecial- 
ly thofe next the ground : amongft which rifeth vp a long ftalke ofa cubit or more high, fet abont 
with fharpe pointed leaues like thofeof VWWoad. The floures grow at the top, if I may terme them 
floures, but they areas it werea little dufty chaffe driuen vpon the leaues and branches with the 
winde : after which come very {mall cods, wherein is fmall reddith feed like that of Cameline or 


Englith Worm-feed, with a root made ofa tuft full of innumerable threds or ftrings. 7 
; Pie i $2 This 


<, ’ 


OF the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisp. 


¢ 2 This fecondkinde hatha thicker and harder root than the precedent,hauing alfo fewer 
fibers,the leaues are bigger than thofe of the laft deferibed,fomewhat curled or finuated,yet lefle, 
rough,and ofa lighter greene;in the middeft of thefe there rife vp one or two ftalkes or more, viu- 
ally fome two cubits high,diuided into fome branches, which are adorned with leaves almoft in- 
girting them round at there fetting on. The floutes are like thofe of the former, but fomewhat . 


larger,and the colour is either white, or a pale yellow : after thefe fucceed many long cods filled 


witha feed fomewhat larger than the laft deferibed. + 

3 Goldofpleafure is an herbewith many branches fet vpona ftraight ftalke,round,and diui- 
ded into fundry wings,in height twocubits. The leaues be long,broad,and fharpe pointed, fome- 
what fhipt or indented about the edges like thofeof Sow-thiftles. The flowers along the ftalkes 


are white; the feed contained in round little veflels is fat and oily. 


r Turritis. | 2 Turritis major. 
Towers Muftard. , Great Tower Mutftard, 


> 


BunrK as falas Orebns Tote 


4 Treacle Wormefeed rifeth vp with tough and pliant branches,whereupou do grow many 
{mall yellow flowers ; after which come long flender cods like Flixe-weed, or Sophia, wherein is 
conteined fimall yellowith feed,bitter as Wormefeed or Coliquintida. The leaues are {mall and, 
darke of colour, in fhape like thofe of thewilde ftocke Gillofloures, but not fo thicke,nor fat, The 
root is fmall and fingle. q The Place. i 

Towers Treacle groweth inthe Weft part of England,vpon dunghils and fuch like places. I 
haue likewife feen it in fundrie other places,as at Pyms by a village called Edmonton neere Lon- 
don,by the Citie wals of Weft-chefter in corne fields, and where flaxe did grow about Cam- 
bridge. + The fecond is a ftranger with vs; yet I am deceiued if I haue not-feene it growing in 
M.Parkinfons garden. + 

The other grow in the territoric of Leiden in Zeeland,and many places of the Low-countriess 
and likewifewilde in fundrie places of England. 

The Time. 
Thefe herbes doe floure in May and Iunc,and their feed is ripe in September, 


ae q The Names. 
This is Turrites of Lobell:TurritaV ulcatior of Clufius. 


= Meet 
2 This is Turrita maior,of Clufius who thinkes it to be Braffica Virgata of Cordus, 


Lis. 2: Of the Hiftory of Plants: 2°73 


3 Matthiolus calls this, Pfeudomyagrum : Tragus calls it, Sefampi s Dodoneus; Lobel, and others 


callit Myagrum. : lass 

4 This Lobel calls Myagram thlajpi effigie. Tabernamontanus hath it twice ; firft vnder the name 
of Eryfimum tertium : fecondly, of Myagrum fecundum, And foalfoour Authour (as I formerly nd- 
ted) had it before vnder the name of Erucafjlueftris anguftifolia ; and here vider the name of Care 


lina, + 


3 Myacrum. 4 ta oe per - 
Gold of pleafire. d = reacle Worm-feed; 
f Sous : ; A Cher oleh Peo. 


Oe L \Souaim DON 


The Temperature, 
Thefe Plants be hot and dry in the third degree. 
TheVertues. 

Itis thought, faith Dio/orider, That the roughnefle of the skinneis polifhed and made fmooth A\ 
with the oylic fatneffe of the feed of Myagrum, 

Ruellius teacheth, That the inyce of the herbe healeth vicers ofthe mouth ;and thatthe poore B 
peafant doth vfe the oile in banquets, and the rich in their lampes. f 

The feed of Camelina ftamped, and giuen children to drinke, killeth the wormes, and driueth G 
them forth both by fiege and vomit. ie? 


T ThetwoDrabaeshere omitted arc treated of at large in the following Chapters 


eg pe ee 24. Of Turky (reffes. 


$ Vr Author didbriefely in the precedent Chapter make mention of the two plants 

wee firft mention in this Chapter ; but that fo briefely, that I thought it conueni- 

ent to difcourfe more largely of them, as alfo to adde to them other two, being, 

by moft Writers adiudged to be of the fame Tribe orkindred. The vertues of 

the firftwere by our Author out of Dodoneus formerly put to the Th/s/pi Candie, Chapter 20. from 
whence I haue brought them to their proper place, in the end of this prefent Chapter. 


Z3 @ The 


274. Of the Hiftorie-of Plants, | Lizs.2 


q The Defcription. 

+ 1 The firft hath crefted flender,yet firme ftalkes of fome foot long,which are fet with 
feaucs of fome inch in length,broad at the fetting on, finuated about the edges, and fharpe poin- 
ted, their colouris awhitith greene,and tafte acride; the leaues that are at the bottome of the 
ftalke are many, and larger. The tops of the ftalkes arediuided into many branches ofan vnequall 
length, and fuftain many floures; each whereof confifts of foure litle white leaues, fo that together 
they much refemble the vmbell of the Elder when it is in floure. Little fwolne feed veffels diuided: 
into two cells follow the fading floutes : the feed is whitifh,about the bigneffe of millet; the root 
alfo is white, flender and creeping. 

_t\_2 This hath creeping roots, from which arife many branches lying vpon the ground here 
and there,taking root alfo;the leaues, which vpon the lower branches are many, are in forme and 
colour much like thofe of the laft defcribed, but leffe,and fomewhat fuiptabout theedges. The 
ftalkes are about a handfull high, or fomewhat more, round, greene, and hairy,hauing fome leaues 
growing vpon them. The floures grow {poke fafhion at the top of the ftalkes,white,and confi- 
{ting of foure leaues;which fallen, there follow cods conteining a fimall red feed. 


—" 


1 Draba Diofcoridis. £2 Drabaprima repens. 
Turkic Crefles. The firft creeping Crefle, 


Se S amas y 
LE 


LELA A 


3. From a fall and creeping root rife vp many fhootes, which while they are young haue 
many thicke juicy and darke greene leaues rofe fafhion adorning their tops,out of the middeft of 
which {pring out many flender ftalkes of fome foot high, which at certain {paces are encompafled 
(as itwere)with leaues fomewhat leffer then the former, yet broader at the bortome : the floures, 
cods,and feed are like the laft mentioned. 

4 Thereisa plant alfoby fome refer'd to this Claffis,and I for fome reafons thinke good to 
make mention thereof inthis place. It hath a {trong and very long root of colour whitifh, and 
of as fharpeatafteas Crefes ; the ftalkes are many,and oft times exceed the height ofa man, yet 
flender, and towards their tops dinided into fome branches, which make no vmbell, but carry 
their floures difperfed;which confift of fore {mall yellow leaues: after the floure is paft there 
follow long flender cods conteining a fmall,yellowifh, acride feed. The leaues which adorne this 
plantare long, fharpe pointed, and fnipt about the edges, fomewhat like thofe of Saracens Con- 
found,but that thefe towards the top are mote vnequally cut in, 


q The 


2. ) OF he Hiftory of Plants, 275 


} 3. \Drabaaltera repens, 
The pther creeping Crefle. © The Time. 


The firft of thefe floures in May and the 
beginning of Iune,The 2 and 3 in Aprill. The 
fourth in lune and Iuly, 


q The Place. 


None of thefe(that know of) arefound 
naturally growing. in this kingdome ; the 
Jaft excepted, which I thinke may be found 
in fome places, 

G The Names, 

t Thisbyagenerall confent of matthio. 
lus, Anguillara, Lobel, cc. is indged to be the 
A rabisor Draba ofthe Ancients. 

2 Drabaaltera of Clufius. 

3 Draba tertia fucculento folio, of Clufius : 
Eruca Muralis of Dalefchampius. 

4 This by Camerarius is fet forth ynder 
the name of Arabis quorundam, and he affirmes 
in his Hor, Med.that he had it outof England 
vnder the name of Solidago ; The which is very 
likely,for without doubt this is the very plant 
that our Author miftooke for Solidago Sarraa 
cenica , for he bewraies himfelfe in the Chap. 
ter of Epimedium, whereas he faith it hath 
cods like Sarraccens Confiund,when as both he, 
and all other giue no cods at allto Saracens 

; Confound. My very good friend M". 10h” Good: 
yer was the firft, I thinke,that obferued this miftake in our Author; forwhich his obferuation,to- 
gether with fome others formerly and hereafter to be remembred, I acknowledge m y felfe behol- 


den to him, 


i) The Vertues, attributedto the firft. 
1 Diofcorides {aith,that they vfe to eate the dryed feed of this herbe with meate,as we do pepper 
efpecially in Cappadocia. ; 
Tthey fe likew (e to boyle the herbe with the decoétion of barly, called Prifana ; w hich be- 
ing fo boiled, concoéeth and bringeth forth of the cheft tough andraw flegme which fticketh 


therein. 
The reft are hot,and come neére to the vertuies of the precedent. ¢ 


Cuapr.25. Of Shepheards-purfe. 


| The Defcription. : 

I He leaues of Shepheards purfe grow vp at the firft long, gathed in the edges like thofe 
of Rocket,fpred ypon the ground : from thefe {pring vp very many little weake ftalks 
diuided into fundry branches,with like leaues growing on them, but lefler; at the 

top whereofare orderly placed {mall white floures : after thefe come vp little feed veffels, flatand 
cornered, narrow at the ftem like to a certaine little pouch or purfe, in which lieth the feed, 
The root is white not without ftrings, + Therein another of this kindewith leaues not finuated, 
Oreut in, ¢ 

2» The fmall Shepheards purfe commeth forth of the ground like the Cuckow floure,which I 
haue Englithed Ladie-{mockes, hauing {mall leaues deepely indented about the edges ; among 
which rife vp many {mal! tender ftalkes with floures at the top, as it were chaffe. The huskes and 
feed is like the other before mentioned, 

@ The Place. ‘ 
Thefeherbes do grow of themfelues for the moft part,neere common high waies, in defert and 


vatilled places, among rubbith and old walls, 
q The 


Gan <cROEPEEEERNEeeees ce 


276 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 26 


1 BurfaPafforis. z Burfa Paftoria minima. 
rds p Small Shepheards purfes 


JCewes 


4 LD Tem, 
OH Ow 


G TheTime. 
They floure, flourifh, and feed all the Sommer long. 
| The Names. 
Shepheards purfe is called in Latine, Paftoris burfa, or Pera paftoris: in high Dutch, Seckels in 
“ low-Dutch, Boslebengs cvupt sin French, Bourfe de pafteur om Curé : in Englith, Shepheards purfe 
or ferip : of fome, Shepheards pouch,and poore mans Parmacetie : and inthe North part of Eng- 
land, Toy-wort, Pick-purfe, and Cafe-weed. 
The Temperature. 

They are of temperature cold and dry,and very much binding, after the opinion of Ruel/ius,Mat- 
thiolus, and Dodoneus ; but Lobel and Pena hold them to be hot and dry, iudging the fame by their 
fharpe tafte: which hath caufed me to infert them here among the kindes of Thlafpi, confidering 
the fafhion of the leaues,cods,feed,and tafte thereof: which do fowel agree together, that I might 
very well haue placed them as kindes thereof. But rather willing to content others that hauewrit- 
ten before, than to pleafe my felfe, I haue followed their order in marfhalling them in this place, 
where they may ftand for coufine germanes, 

q The Vertues. 
A Shepheards purfe ftayeth bleeding inany part of thebody, whether the iuyce or the decodtion 
thereofbe drunke, or whether it be vfed pulteffe-wife,or in bath,or any other way elfe. 
Ina Clyfter it cureth the bloudy flix: it healeth greene and bleeding wounds :it is maruellous 
good for inflammat ions new begun, and forall difeafes which muft be checked backe and cooled. 
C  Thedecodiiondoth ftop the laske, the {pitting and piffing of bloud, and all other fluxes of 


bloud. 


Cua Pa 


Cuar.26. Of lahan Rockets 


G The Defcription. 


@ J[Talian Rocket hath long leaties cut into many parts or diuifions like thofe of the Atk, 

+ tree,refembling Ruellins his Bucks-horne : among which rife vp ftalks weake and tender, 

but thicke and groffe, two foothigh, garnifhed with many fmall yellowith floures like 

the middle part of Tanfie floures, ofa naughty fauor or fmell. The feed is {mall like fand or dutt, 

intafte like Rocket feed, whereof in truth wee fufped it to bea kinde, The roovis long and 
“wooddy. 


“ x Rhefeda Pliny. 2 Rhefedamaxima, 
Italian Rocket. Crambling Rocket, 


Yes ee 
FP IN 


2 Ctambling Rocket hath many latge leavies cut into fundry fe Gions, deeply diuided to the 
middle rib, branched like the hornes of a ftag or hart : among which there dorifevp long fat and 
flefhy ftalkes two cubits high, lying flat vpon the ground by reafon of his weake and feeble bran- 
ches. The floures grow att e top, cluftering thicke together , white of colour, with brownith 
thredsinthem. The feed is like the former. + Lobel affirmes it growes in the Low-country gars 
dens with writhen ftalkes, fometimes ten of twelue cubits high, with leaves much diuided, ¢ 


| The Place, 


_ Thefe Plants grow in fandy, tony, grauelly, and chalky barren grounds. I haue found them iti 
fundry places of Kent, as at South-fleet, vpon Long-field downes, which is a chalkie and hilly 
ie vety barten. They stow at Greenhithe vpon the hills, and in other places ofKent. + The 

tft gtowes alfo vpon the Wolds in Yorke-fhire, The fecond I haue not feene growing except in 
gardens, and much doubt whether it gtowwildewithvsorno. £ 


@ The Times 
Thefe Plants do flourith in Iune, Tuly,and Auguft. 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. si Be 2. 


278° 


@ The Names. 
The firkt is called of Pliny, Reféda, Erucaperegrina,& Evuca Cantabrica:in Englith,Italian Rocket,: 
The fecond is called Refeda maxima : of Anguillara, Pignocomon, whereof I finde nothin ‘extant 
worthy the memorie, either of temperature or vertues. | 


Cuar.27. Of Groundfell. 


G The Deftription. 
1 He ftalke of Groundfell is round,chamfered and diuided into many branches : the; 
Jeaues be greene, long, and cut in the edges almoft like thofe of Succorie, but leffer 
L _ like ina manner to the leaues ofRocket, The floures be yellow,and ture to downe, 
that is carried away with thewinde. The rootis full of ftringsandthreds, 7 


1 Erigerum. 2 Erigerum Tementofum, 


‘ _ Groundfell. Cotton Groundfell, | 
OEUNLKLO Nr est hep i = ‘ 


d 


4 « | 


i fy 
i "H WE 
i x ‘| Vis 
1 Sen i’ yi 
H 


oo Se 


yi) \\ 


3 Cotton Groundfel hath a ftraight ftalke of a browne purple colour, couered with a fine cot- 
tonordowny haire, ofthe height of two cubits. The leaues are like thofe of S$. lames Wort, or 
Rag-wort ,and at the top of the ftalke grow {mall knops,from which come floures of a pale yellow 
colour; which are no fooner opened and {pred abroad,but they change into downe like that of the 
Thiftle, euen the fame houre of his flouring, and is carried away with the winde : the root is fmall 
and tender. 

+ 3  Thereisanotherwith leaues more iagged,and finelier cut than the laft mentioned, foft 
alfo and downie : the flouresare fewer, leffe and paler than in the ordinarie,but ture fpeedily into 


downe like as the former, + 


@ The Place, 
Thefe herbesare very common throughout England, and do grow almoft every where. 
q The Time. 


They flourifh almoft every moneth of the yeare, } 
q The 


~. Lap. 22 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 279 


+ 3 Evigerontomento[um alterum, G The Names. 
The other Cotton Groundfell. 


Groundfel is called in Greek se“: in Latine, 
Senecio, becaufe it waxeth old quickely : by a 
baftard name Herbutum : in Germany , Creutys 
toutts ¢ in low-Dutch, Ceups erupt, and Crupf. 
het crupt : in Spanith, Yerwa cava : in Italian, Car- 
donceNo,Speliciofa : in Englifh,Ground fel. 

Cotton Groundfell feemeth tobe allone with 
Theophraftus his Aphace ; hee maketh mention of 
CAphacein his feuenth bookewhich is not onely a 
kinde of pulfe, but an herbe alfo, vnto which this 
kinde of Groundfell is very like. Foras Theophra- 

tus faith, The herbe Aphace is one of the pot-herbs 
and kindes of Succorie:adding further, That it 
floureth in hafte, but yet foone is old, and turneth 
into down and {uch a oncis this kind of Ground- 
fell. But Theophraftus faith further, That it flou- 
reth all the winter long, and fo long as the Spring 
Jafteth, as my felfe haue often {eene this Ground- 
felldo. 
q| The Temperatures 

Ground fell hath mixt faculties ; it cooleth,and, 

withall digefteth, as Paw/ws Aiginctawriteth. 
q The Vertues. 

The leaues of Groundfell boyled in wine or wa- | 
ter, and drunke, healerh the paineand ache of the 
ftomacke that proceedeth of choler. 

The leaues.and floures ftamped with a little 
Hogs greafe ceafeth the burning heat of the ftones 
and fundament. By adding to a little faffron or 

falt it helpeth the Struma ot Kings Euill. 

ae leaues ftamped and ftrained into milke and drunke, hel peth the red gummes and frets in 
children, , 

Diofcorides faith, That with the fine pouder of Frankinfence it healeth wounds in the finewes. 
The like operation hath the downe of the floures mixed with vineger. 

Boyled in Ale with a little honey and vineger, it prouoketh vomi t, efpecially ifyou adde there- 
toa few roots of A ffarabacca, 


Cuar. 28, Of Saint Fames his Wort. 
| The Kindes. 


Toe herbe called Saint Iames his wort is not without caufe thought to bea kinde of Ground- 
fel: of which there be fuindry forts ; fome of the pafture,and one of the fea ; fome fiveet-fmel- 


> 


ling ; and fome ofa loathfome fauor, All which kindes I will fet downe. 


G] The Defcription, 

I ee Tames his wort or Rag-wort is very well knowne euery where, and bringeth forth 
at the firft broad leaues, gafhed round about like to the leaues of common Worme- 
wood, but broader, thicker, not whitith or foft, ofa deepe greene colour, with a ftalke 

which rifeth vp abouea cubit high, chainfered, blackifh, and fomewhat red withall. The armes 
Or wings are fet with leffer leaues like thofe of Groundfell or of wilde Rocket. The floures at the 
top be ofa yellow colour like Marigolds, as well the middle button as the fmall floures that ftand 
ina pale round about,which turne into downe as doth Groundfell. The root is threddy, 

~ 2 Thishath ftalkes fomecubit high, crefted, and fet with long whitith leaues ; the lower 

leaes are the fhorter ; but the vppet leaues the longer, yet thenarrower: atthe top of the ftalke 
Srow {ome foure or fiue floures as in anymbelJ, which are of a darkered colour before they open 
ent tin = themtfelues, 


° 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. band, 


—! 


286 


1 lacobea. Rag-wort. £ 2 Lacobaa anguflifolia, Narrow, leaued Rag-weed, | 
¢ y ‘pbc — - > 2 bs PYL. 
Qentets facoboa Upto ar Ews mort wlfotar 
AY fii = 


£ 3 Uacobealaifolia, 4. Tacobea marina. 
Broad leaued Rag-weed, Sea Rag-weed, 


Lag: 


themfelues , but opened, ofa bright golden colour, and thofe are ingirt by fiftcene or more little 
leaues, which are of a flame colour aboue,and redvnderneath. The tioures fly away in downe,and, 
the feed 1s blackith, and like that ofthe former. ‘The rdotsare made of many ftrings like thofe 
of the precedent. 

3 This broad leaued Rag-weed hath ftiffe crefted ftalkes, which are fetwith broad wrinckled 
tharpe pointed lcaues, of a greene colour: the bottome Icaues are the largerand rounder, the top 
deaués the leflé, and'more diuided. The floures groiy at the top of the ftalkes,in fhape and colour 
like thofe of the common Rag-weed , but much bigger: They alfo turne into Downe as the fot. 
mer. + 
_ 4  SeaRag-wort'groweth to the height of two cubits : the ftalkes be not reddith as the other, 
but contrariwife A fh-coloured,gray and hoary : the leaues be greater and broader than the other : 
the floures grow at the top, ofa pale yellow colour, couered on the cup orhuske of the floure, as 
alfo the leaues, with a certaine {oft white Downe or freefe : the floures vanith into Downe, and fly 
away with the winde. : 

aq The Place. 

Land Rag-wott gtowerh every where in vntilled paftures and fields, which are fomewhat moift 
efpecially, and necre vnto the borders of fields. 

¢-2 3. Thefe grow vpon the Auftrian and Heluetian Alpes. + 

Jhe fourth kinde of Rag-wort groweth neere the fea fide in findry places : Thaue feene it inthe 

field by Margate, by Queakes houfe, and by Byrcheriton in the Ifle of Tenet: likewife it groweth 
neere the Kings ferry in the Ile of Shepey, in the way !eading to Sherland houfe,where S'. Edward 
Hobby dwelleth : and likewife at Qeenborough caitle in the fame Ifle ; and inother places. + I 
haue been at the former and later of thefe places to finde out plants, yet could [not fec this plant. ” 
Tt growes in the garden of M'. Ralph Tuggy , but I teare hardly wilde in this kingdome. + 
@ TheTime. 
They floure in Iuly and Auguft, atwhich time they ate carried away with the Downe, 
gq The Names. 

The firft is called in Latine, Herba S. Tacobi, or S. lacobi flos, and Tacobea : in high-Dutch, Sane 
Jacobs bloumen: in low-Dutch, Sant Jacobs crupt sin French, Flyer deS. lacques : in Eng- 
lith, S. Tames his Wort : the countrey people do call it Stagger-wortand Staner-wort, and alfo 
Rag-wort, ¢ and Rag-weed. In Holderneffe in Yorke-thire they callit Segorum, 

The fecond is racobea Pannonica x. of Clufius. 

The third is his facohea latifolia. Gefner calls it Conixa montana, + 

The fourth is named Cineraria, or Ath-coloured S. tames Wort :fome call it Erig cron marinum, 
of Sea Groundfell : of fome, Artimifiamarina. + And by Projper Alpinus, Artemifia alba. 

The Temperature. 

S. James wort is hot and dry in the fecond degree,and al fo cleanfing, by reafon of the bitterneffe 
which ithath, 

G The Vertues. 


hs oat 
Of the Hiftory of Plants. 281 


. wd . 
It is commended by the later Phyfitions to be good for greene wounds, and old filthy Vlcers A 


which are nor fcoured, mundified , and made cleane ; it alfo healeth them, with the iuyce here- 
a eee with honey ahd May butter, and boyled together to the forme of an Vnguent or 
alue. 


Tt ismuch commended, and not without caufe, to helpe old aches and pains in the armes, hips, B 


and legs, boyled in hogs greafe to the forme of an ointment. 


Moreouer, the deco&ion hereof gargarifed is much ferby as a remedie againft fvellings and ¢ 


Umpoftumations of the throatyvhich it wafterh away and throughly healeth. 
_ The leaues ftampéd very foall, 
luvee, adding thereto in the end of the Boyling a little Maftickeand Olibanum,and then ftrained, 


taketh away the old ache inthe huckle-bones called Sciatica. 


and boyled with fome hogs greafe vnto the confumption of the 


# The Egyptians (faith P: ofper Alpiaus )vfe the Sea Rag-vort,for many things: fortheycom- 


mend the decofion made with the leaues thereofagainft the {tone in the kidnies and bladder, as 
alfo to helpe theold ob ftru@ions of the inward parts, but principally thofe of the wombe; as alfo 
the coldneffe,trangulation,barrenneffe, inflation thereof, and it alfo brings downe the Intercep- 
ted.courfes.: wherefore womentroubled with the mother are much eafed by baths made of the 
Ieaues.and floureshereof, +. 3 


Aa Crap. 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


Cuar.29. Of Garden Succorie. 


4 The Kindes. 


Here be fundry forts of plants comprehended vnder the title of Cichoracea, that is to fay ;Ci- 

chorie,Endiue,Dandelion, &c.differing not fo much in operation and working,as in fhape 

and forme, which hath caufed many to deeme them diuers, who haue diftinguifhed them vnder 

the titles aforefaid:of euery which kinde there be diners forts, the which fhall be diuided in their 
{euerall chapters,wherein the differences fhall be exprefk. 


| The Defcription. 


I Arden Succory is of two forts,one with broad: leaues,and the other with narrow,deep- 
ly. cut and gafhed on both fides. The firft hath broad leaues fomewhat hairie,not 
much vnlike to Endiue,but narrower ; among{t which doe rifevp ftalkes, whereon 

are placed the like leaues, but {maller. The ftalke diuideth it felfe toward the top into many 
branches, whereon doe grow little blew floures confifting of many fmal] leaues, afterwhich fol- 
loweth white feed. The root is tough, long, and white of colour, continuing many yeeres ; from 
thewhichas from euery part ofthe plant doth iffwe forth bitter and milkie juice, The whole 
plant is of a bitter tafte likewife, ji 


fe . 
2 Cichorium [ativum, 3 it bus fatind. 
Garden Succorie, arden Endiue. 


2 The fecondkinde of Suecorie is like vnto the former, but greater ineuery point. That | 
which caufeth the difference is,that this beareth floures white of colour tending to blewneffe;the » 
others blew,as I haue faid. 

3 Garden Endiuebringeth forth long leaues, broad, fmooth, more greene than white, like al- | 
mott to thofe of lettuce,fomething nicked in the edges. The ftalke groweth vp among the leaues, , 
being round and hollow, diuided into branches ; out of which being broken or cut there iffueth a 
juice like milke, fomewhat bitter : the floures vpon the branches confift of many leaues, in colour 
come - 


Lis. 2. 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 283 


+ 5 Cichorium fpinofum. 
Thornie Succory. 


—— 


<i \s¢ 


=< 


‘ aT) 
Kui 
nly 


commonly blew, feldome white, The toot is 
long,white,with ftrings growing thereat, which 
withereth after the feed is ripe. 

4 Curled Endiue hath leaues not vntike to 
thofe of the curled or Gabbage lettuce , but 
much greater; among which rife vp ftrong and 
thicke ftalkes,fet with the like leaues,but leffer, 
and not fo notably curled or crifped. The flours 
grow at the top,blew of colour. The root peris 
fheth,as doth the whole plant, when it hath 
brought forth his ripe feed, 

#5 Tothefemay fitly be added the thor: 
ny or prickly Succory of Candy, being of this 
kindred, and there vfed in défe& of the true 
Succorie,in ftead thereof. The root is pretty 
long, white, with few fibers hanging thereat ; 
the ftalke is hard,wooddy,and diuaticated into 
many branches,which commonly end in two or 
three ptickes like hornes: The leaues are bit. 
ter, long, narrow, and fharpe pointed, and lie 
{pread vpon the ground,and area little finuated, 
or cut about the edges: The flours,which vfually 
Stow vpon little footftalkes at the dinifions of 
the branches,are much like thofe of the ordina: 
ty Succory, yet much leffe, confifting of fiue 
blew leaues, with yellow chiuies in the middle; 
The feed is like thofe of the common Succory, 
It floures in Inly and Auguft. + 


@ The Place and Time. 


This Succory, and thefe. Endiues are only 
fowne in gardens. 


Endiue being fowen inthe {pring quickly commeth vp to floures which feedeth in harueft,and 
afterward dieth. But being fowen in Luly it remaineth till winter, at whichtime ir is taken vp 
by the roots,and laid in the fiinne or aire for the {pace of two houres ; then will the leaues be 
tough,and cafily endure to be wrapped vpon an heape, and buried in the earth with the roots yp- 
ward,where no earth can get within it(which if it did would caufe rottenneffe) the which fo coue- 


red may be taken vp at times conuenient, and y 
other places is tobe feen,and then it is called w 
norant, {peaking to the fame purpofe in his 20.b 


fed in fallades all the winter,as in London and 
hite Endiue, whereof Pliny feemeth fot to be igs 
ooke and 8,cliapter, 


@ The Names, 


Phefeherbes be called by one name in Greek x%uar,: notw ithitanding for diftinGions fake they 
called the garden Succary, ¥pu iwess, and the wilde Succory,crpisespi2; Pliny nameth the Succory He 


aypnois : and the bitter 


bums etrasicign and Cichorinm:in th Ops If is ca 


et Dioftorides calleth amp: in Latine,Intybum fylueftre, Intybum agrefte, Inty- 
led Cichorea, which name is not onely allowed of the 


later Phyfitions, but alfo of the Poet Horace in the 3 1 .Ode of his firft booke, 


Me paftunt oline, 


Me Cichorealeue/que malue. 


With vs,faith Phy in his 20 -booke,8.cha 


pter, they haue called Zmeybum erraticum, or wilde Ent. 


dine, Zibuzia (others reade Ambubeia:)and fome there be that name it. Roffrum porcinam : and 


others,as Guilielisus Placentinus, and Petr 


ws Crefcentius, terme it Sponfa folis ; the Germanes callit 


Weg warters,which is as much to fay,as the keeper of the waies : the Italians, C/chorea - the Spa- 
niards, Almerones : the Englith-men, Cicorie and Succo; y.: the Bohentians,CYakanka, 


__ Enhdiue is named in Greekestictuess: in Latin 
and Serapio,T zraxacon » of the Italians 5 Scariol 
as though they fhould firly call it Serds, but n 


c,latybum fativum : of fome,Endiuia : of CAuicen 
4, which name remaineth inmoft fhops;alfo Seriola, 
ot fo well Serriola, with a double 7: for Serriola is 


Lattica /jlvejtrisor wilde lettuce : it is called in Spanith, Serraya Enajde : in Englith, Endiue, arid © 
Scariole : and when ithath beemin the earth buried as afotefaid, then it is called white Enditie. 


Aaz ‘ 


45 This 


B 
Cc 


284. Of the Hittorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


+ 5 Thiswas firft fet forth by Clufius vnder this name,Chondrille genus elecans carrleo flore: 
fince,by Ponaand Bawhine,by the title we giue you,to wit,Cichorinm Pinofum Honorius Bellus writes. 
that in Candy where as it naturally growes,they vulgarly terme it swuzjen, that is, Hydrie (bina, the 
Pitcher Thorne;becaufe the people fetch all their water in ftone pots or Pitchers,which they ftop 
with this plant, to keepe mice and other {uch things from creeping into them : and it growes fo 
round,that it feems by nature to be prouided for that purpofe. + 

q The Nature. 

Endiueand Succorie are cold and drie in the fecond degree, and withall fomewhat binding ; 
and becaufe they be fomething bitter, they doe alfo clenfe and open. 

Garden Endiue is colder,and not fo drie or clenfing, and by reafonof thefe qualities they are 
thought to be excellent medicines fora hot liuer, as Galen hath written in his $.book of the com- 
pofitions of medicines according to the places affected. 

@ The Vertues. 

Thefe herbs when they be greene haue vertue to coole the hot burning of the liuer, to helpe the 
{topping of the gall, yellow jaundice,lacke of fleepe, topping ofvrine,and hot burning feauers, 

A fyrup made thereofand fugar is very good for the difeafes aforefaid, 

The diftilled water is good in potions, cooling and purging drinkes. 

The diftilled water of Endiue,Plantaine, and rofes, prohteth againft excoriations in the con- 
duit of the yard to be inieéted with a fyringe,whether the hurt came by vncleaneneffe or by {mall 
ftones and grauell iffuing forth with thevrine ; as often hath been feene. 

Thefe-herbes eaten in fallades or otherwife, efpecially the white Endiue, doth comfort the 
weakeand feeble {tomacke,and cooleth and refrefheth the ftomacke ouermuch heated. 

The leaues of Succorie brufed are good again{t inflammation of the eyes,being outwardly 
applied to the grieued place. 


Of wilde Succorte. 


+ 2 Cichorium luteum, 
Yellow Succorie, 


C HA P. 30, 


4 1 Cichorinum fylueftre. 
‘Wilde Succorie, 


ss t 5 
Codroumun J ulyrrd, 


Nn 


i) 
4 
i, 


ay 


tp 
aN 
EY \M 
we 
EN a\ 


Ve Yh / 


v4) 
Wve 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 285 
q The Kindes, ie 
|N like manner as there’ be fundrie forts of Succories and Endiues} {0 is there wilde kindes of 
either ofthem, 


G The Defcription. 


I Ilde Succorie hath long leaues, fomewhat fnipt about the edges like the leaties 
V of Sow-thiftle, with’a ftalke Stowing to the height of twocubits, which is diui- 
ded towards the top into many branches. The floures grow at the top blew of ° 
colour: the root is tough; and wooddie,with many ftrings faftned thereto. 

2 Yellow Succotie hath long ad large leaues, deepely cut about the edges like thofe of the 
Hawkeweed.The ftalke is branched into fundty arms,wheton do grow yellow flours very double, 
tefembling the floures of Dandelion, or Piffe-abed; the which being witheted,it flieth away in 
downe with cuery blaft of winde, 

3 Wilde Endiue hath long finooth 

3 Intybum fylucftre, Jeaues flightly fnipt about the edges. The 

Wilde Endiue, ftalke is brittle andfull of milkie juice, as 

” is all the reft of the plant : the flotires 

Srow at the top,of a blew or skie colour : 
the root is tough and threddie. 

4 Medow Endiue, or’ Endiue with 
broad leaues, hath a thicke, tough, and 
wooddie rot with many ftrings fattened 
thereto, from which rife vp many broad 
leaues {pread vpon the ground like thofe 
of garden Endiue,but lefler,and fomewhae 
rougher , among which rife vp many 
We ftalkes immediately from the root; euery 

a of them are deuided into fundrie bran. 
oie ches, whereupon doe grow many floures 
like thofe of the former, but {maller. 


| The Place. 


Thefe plants doe grow wilde in fundrie 
places in England, vpon wilde and vntil- 
led barren grounds, efpecially in chalkie 
and ftonie places, 


q The Time. 


LZ They floure from the middeft to the 
ION end of Auguft. 


G The Names. 


+ The firlt of thefe is Seris Picrés of Lobell, or Cichorinm (ylueftre:ox Tntybus erratica of Taber 
namontanus, + i 

Yellow Succorie is not without caufe thought to be Hyofirss, or (as fome copies haue it)Ayofti- 
7#,0f which Pliny in his 20.bookeand 8.chapter writeth; Ayofiris (faith he) is like to Endiue, bue 
leffer and rougher:it is called of Lobelius Hedypnois : the reft ofthe names fet forth in their feue- 
all titles thallbe fuificient. for this time, 

| The Temperature. 
They agree in temperature with the garden Succorie,ot Endiue. 
q The Pertues, 

The leaues of thefe wilde herbes are boiled in pottageor brothes ,for ficke,and feeble perfons Aj 

that haue hot,weake,and feeble ftomackes, to ftrengthen the fame. - 
_ They are iudged to haue the fame vertues with thofe ofthe garden, ifnot of more force inwor- B 

king. 
T The firlt fignre was of Cichoreum album (rium of Tabernamoneanus. ‘The fecond is Cichoreuna lutewn. Butthe erue figures of thoft er Author meant, were va- 


der thefaricles. The firktef Hieracium Latifehum. The Second, Dens Leonis CichoriCata; fer that is Lobells Heaypnos, Sg ‘ 
a 3 Chaps 


OF the Hiftorie of Plants: Las 


Cuar. 3% Of Gumme Succorie. 


q The Defcription., 


Vmme Succorie with blew floures hatha thicke and tough root, with fome ftrings 
annexed thereto, full ofa milkie inyce, as is all the reft of the plant,the floures ex- 
cepted. The leauesare great and long, in fhape like to thofe of garden Succorie,but 
deeplier eut or iagged, fomewhat after the manner of wilde*Rocket: among which rife tender 
ftalkes very eafie to be broken, branched toward the top in two or fometimes three branches,bea- 
ring very pleafant floures of an azure colour or deepe blew ; which being paft, the feed flicth away 
in downe with the winde, 


1 Chondrillacerunlea, 2 Chondrilla cerulea latifolia. 
Blew Gum Succorie. : Robinus Gum Succory. 


we \ 
LAD 
“She 


2 Gum Succoriewith broad leaues,which I hauenamed Robinus Gum Succorie (for that he 
was the firft chat made any mention of a fecond kind,which he fent me as a great dainty,as indeed. 
Iconfeffe it) inroots is like the former : the leaues be greater, not vnlike to thofe of Endiue, but 
cut more deeply euen to the middle rib : the ftalkes grow to the height of two foot : the floures 
likewife are ofan azure colour, but {princkled ouer as it were with filuer {and , which addeth vato 
the floure great grace and beauty. 

3 Yellow gum Succorie hath long leaues like in forme and diuifion of the cut leaues to thofe 
of wild Succoric,but leffer,couered all ouer with a hoarie down. The ftalke is two foot high,white 
and downic alfo , diuided into fundry branches, whereupon doe grow torne floures like thofe-of 
Succoric,but in colour yellow, which are turned into downe that is caried away with the winde, 
The root is lone, and ofa meane thickneffe, from which,as from all the reft of the plant, doth if 
fue forth a milky iuycewhich being dried is of a yellowith red, fharp,or biting the tongue. There 
is found vpon the branches hereofa gum,as Diofcorides faith, which is vied at this day in phyficke 
in the Ile Lemnos, as BeHonius witneffeth, 


4 Spanith 


v 


Lez Of the Hiftorie of Plants. . 287 


"4 Spanith Gum Succorie hath many leaues {pred vpon the ground, ia fhape like thofe.of * 
Groundfell, but much more diuided, and not fo thicke nor fat : among{t which rife vp branched 
ftalkes fet with leaues like thofe of Stabe [alamanticaminor, or Siluer-weed, whereof this is a kinde. 
The floures grow at the top, of an ouerworne purple colour, which feldome thew themfelnes a- 
broad blowne: + The feed is like that of (arthamus in fhape, but blacke and ihining. + 


+3 Chondrillalutea. + 4 Chondrilla Hifpanica. 
~~ Yellow Gum Succorie. Spanith Gum Succorie. 


5 Rufhy Gum Succorie hatha tough and hard root, witha few thort threds faftned thereto ; 

. from the which rife vp a few iagged leaues like thofe of Succorie, but much more diuided : The 

ftalke groweth vp to the height of two foot, tough and limmer like vnto rufhes, whereon are fet 

many natrow leaues. The Houres be yellow, fingle, and fmall, which being fadeddoe fly away 
with the winde : the whole plant hauing milky iuyce like vnto the other of his kinde. 

$ There is another fort of this plant to be found in fome places of this kingdome, and it is 
mentioned by Bawhinus vnder the name of Chondrilla vifcofa humilis, 

t 6 Sea Gum Succorie hath many knobby or tuberous roots full of iu yce, ofa whitifh pur- 
plecolour,with long ftrings faftned to them ; from which immediately rife vp.a few fmall thinne 
leaues fathioned like thofe of Succory,narrower below,and fomewhat larger towards their ends 
among which {pring vp fmaall tender ftalkes, naked, {mooth,hollow,round, of fonie foot high, or 
thereabout : each of thefe ftalkes haue one floure, in fhape like that of the Dandelion, but leffer, 
The whole plant is whitith or hoary,as are many of the feaplants. + : 

7  Swines Succorie hath white {mall and tender roots, from the which rife many indented 
leaues like thofe of Dandelion, but much leffe, {pred or laid flat vpon the ground ; from the mid 
whereoftife vp fmall foft and tender ftalkes, bearing at the top, double ycllow floures like thofe 
of Dandelion or Piffe-abed, but {maller : the feed with the downy tuft fieth away with thewind. 

8 The male Swines Succorie hatha long and flender root, with fome few threds or ftrings 
faftned thereto , from which fpring vp {mall tender Jeaues about the bigneffe of thofe of Dafies, 
{pted vpon the ground, cut or fnipt about the edges confufedly, ofan ouerworne colour, full of a 
milky iuyee : among which rife vpdiuers fmall tender naked ftalkes, bearing at the top of euery 
ftalke one floure and no more, ofa faint yellow colour, and fomething double : which being ripe, 


oO 


ae 


ee 


28 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Brel 


5 Chondrillajuncea. 6 Chondrilla marina Lobely, 
Rufhy Gum Succoric. Sea Gum Succoric. 


7 Hypocheris,Porcellia. 8 Hyoferis mafeula. 
Swines Succorie. Male Swines Succorie. 


Hujosencs CVE ye Wee 


lane. * Of he Hiftory of Plants. The 


doc turne into downe that is carried away with the winde: the feed likewife cleaucth vnto the faid 
downe, and is alfo carried away with the winde. Thewhole plant perifheth when it hath perfected 
his feed, and recoucreth it felfe againe by the falling thereof. Salat’ ae 
+ 9 I thinke it expedient in this 
+ 9 Cichorium werrdcarium, place to deliver vato you the hiftorie of 
Wartt-Succorie. the Cichorium werrucarium » Ot Zacintha of 
Matthiolws ; ofwhich our Author maketh 
mention in his Names and Vertues, al- 
though he neither gaue figure,nor the leat 
defcription thereof. This VWart-§ uccory 
(for fo Iwill call it) hath leaues almoit 
like Endiue, greene, with pretty deepe ga- 
fhes on their fides ; the ftalkes are much 
crefted, and at the top diuided into many 
branches ; betweene which, and at their 
fides grow many fhort ftalkes with yellow 
floures like thofe of Succorie, but that 
thefe turne not into Downe, but into cor: 
nered and hard heads, moft commonly di- 
uided into eight cels or parts, wherein the 
feed is contained. + 
G The Place, 
+. Thefe plants are found only in gar- 
dens in this country;the feuenth & eighth 
excepted , which peraduenture may be 
found to grow in vatilled places,vpon dit 
ches bankes and the borders of fields, or 
the like. * 
@ The Time. 
They do floure from May to theend of 
Auguft, 
@ The Names, 
Gum Succorie hath beene called of the 
Grecians, zeeim : of the Latines,Condrilla, 
and Chondrilla : Diofcorides and Pliny call it 
Cichorion, and Seri, by reafon of fome like- 
neffe they hauewith Succorie, ef; pecially 
the two firft, which haue blew flouresas thofe of the Succories. Lobelius maketh Cichorea verruca~ 
riato be Zacintha of Matthiolus. 


£ @| Names in particular, 
£ 1 Thisiscalled Chonavills coerulea Belzarum, of Lobel : Apate,of Dalefchampius. 
2 Condrilla 2. of Matthiolus : Chondrilla latifolia coerulea, Of Tabernamontanus. 
3 Chondrilla prior Diofcoridis of Clufius and Lobel. * 
Chondrilla rara purpurea, Gc. of Lobel : Chondrilla Hifpanica Narbonenjis, of Tabera. Sencciocar- 
dus Apulus,of Columna. : 
5 Chondrilla prima Diofioridis, of Columnaand Bauhinus : Vimineasvifcoft,of Lobel and Clufins. 
6 Chondrilla altera Dioftoridis, of Columna ; fomethinke it to be «éruw of T. heophraftus ; Lobel 
calls it, Chondrilla pufilla marina lutea bulbofa. 
7 Hypocharts, porcellia, of Tabernamontanus. 
8 Hicracium minimum 9. of Clufius : Hyoferis latifolia, of Tabern, The twolak fhould hauebin 
put among the Héeracia. 
9 , Cichorium verrucarinn, and Zacinthus of Matthiolus and Clufius. 
@ The Nature and Vertues. 
Thefe kinds of gum Succorie ate like in temperature tothe common Succory,but drier. 
The root and leaues tempered with hony,and made into Trochiskes,or little flat cakes,with ni- 
ter or falt-petcr added to them,cleanfe away the morphew,fun-burnings, and all {pots of the face. 
Thegum which is gathered from the branches, whereof it tooke hiss name, layeth downe the 
fairing haires of the eye-browes and fuch like places :and in {ome places it is vfed for Maftick,as 
Bellonins obferues. : 
The gum poudered with myrrh, and put into alinnen cloath, anda peffarie made thereof like'a 
finger, and put vp, bringeth:downe the termes in yong Wenches and futch like, Me 
j % = ne 


B 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


D The feedes'of ZaXsntha beate to powder,and.giuen in the decteafing of the Moone to the quan- 
titie ofa {poonefull, taketh away warts, and fuch like excrefcence,in what part of the body foeuer 
they be; the which medicine a certaine Chirurgion of Padua did much vfe, whereby he gained 
great {ums of mony, as teporteth that ancient Phyfition Joachimus Camerarius of Noremberg a 
famous citic in Germanie. And Matthiolws affirmes that he hath knowne {ome helped of warts, by 


once eating the leaues hereof ina Sallade. 


290 


The figure of che third was of the fime plant as the firft,and was Chondrilla alba of Toher, The fourth was of Hieracium montanum waivs Latifolium of Taberne 
which you fliall finde in the centh piace in the foure and thirtieth Chapters 


Crap. 32. Of Dandelion. 


qj The Defcription. 


I He herbe which is commonly called Dandelion doth fend forth from the root long 
jeaues deepely cut and gafhed in the edges like thofe of wilde Succorie, but f{moo- 
ther: vpon euery ftalke ftandeth a floure greater than that of Succorie,but double, 

and thicke fet together, of colour yellow, and fweet in {mell, which is turned into a round dow- 
nie blowball,that is carried away with the winde. The roor is long, flender, and full of milkie juice 
when any part of it is broken,as is the Endiue or Succorie, but bitteter tn tafte than Succorie. 

$ There are diuers varieties of this plant, confifting in the largeneffe, fmallneffe,deepeneffe, or 

fhallownefle of the diuifions of the leafe,as alfo in the fmoorhneffe and roughneffe thereof. + 


i Dens Leonts, £ 3 Dens Leonis bulbofis. 
Dandelion, of Knottie rooted Dandelion. 
eer ear on J ONOROL N10 


2 There is aifo another kinde of Succorie which may be referred heereunto,whofe leaues are 
fong,cut like thofe of broad leafed Succorie: the ftalkes are not vnlike, being diuided into bran- 
ches as thofe of Dandelion, but leffer, which alfo vanifheth into downe when the feed is ripe, ha- 
uing along and white root, 

$ 3 There is another Devs Leonss,or Dandelion,which hath many knotty,and tuberous roots 

f : like 


Lab. ~ OF he Hiftory of Plants. 201 


like thofe of the A fphodil; the leaues are not fodeeply cut inas thofe of the common Dandelion 
bur larget,and fomewhat, more hairy: the floures are alfo larger, and of a paler yellow,which 4 m3 
away in (uch downeas’ the ordinaty2' 
: 2 The Place, 

They are found often in medowes neere vnto water ditches,as alfo in gardens. and high waies 
much troden. @ The Time, 

They floure moft times in the yeere,efpecially ifthe winter be not extreame cold, 

E @ The Names. 

“Thefe plants belong to the Succory which Theophraftus,8¢ Pliny call Aphaca,or Aphace Leonardus : 
Fuchfiusthinketh that Dandelion is Hedypnow Plinij, of which he writeth in his 20. bookeand 
eighth chaptet,affirming tt to be awilde kinde of broad leafed Succorie, and that Dandelion is 
Taraxacon : but Taraxacon,as Anicen teacheth in his 692 .chapter,is garden Endiue,as Ser apie men- 
tioneth in his 143.chapter;who citing Paudws for a witneffe concerning the facultics,fetteth down 
thefe words which Pals writeth of Endiue and Succorie. Diuers of the later Phyfi tions doalfo 
call it Devs Leonis,ot Dandelion:it is called in high Dutch kolkrautsin low-Dutch,4Bapencentts 
in French, Piffenlit ou couronne de preftre, or Dent de lyon : in Englifh,Dandelion : ahd of divers: 
Piffeabed. The firft is alfo called ot fome,and in fhops Tarax acon, Caput monachi,Roftrum porcittum 
and Vrinaria. The other is Dens Leonis Monfpeliewfiuim of Lobell, and Cichorenm Con|tantinopolitanum, 
of Matthiolus. | The Temperature andVertues. ; 

Dandelion is like in temperature to Succorie, that 1s to fay,towilde Endiue. Itis cold, but it 
drieth more,and doth withall clenfe, and open by reafon of the bitterneffe which it hath ioyned A 
with it :and therefore it is good for thofe things for which Succory is. + Boiled,it ftrengthens 
the weake ftomacke,and eaten raw it ftops the bellie, and helpes the Dyfentery, efpecially bein 
boyled with Lentiles ; The juice drunke is good againft the vnuoluntary effusion of feed; boyled 
in vineger,it is good againft the paine that troubles fome in making of water; A decoétion made 
of the whole plant helpesthe yellow jaundice. + 

f The figure which wasin the 2 place was of the (ich. Lutewm,where you may find it,burto what plantthe deftription may bereferred,I cannot yetdetermine; 


——_——— ———$—$_$_______5 


Cuasr.20, Of Sow-thiflle. 
+7 Pg apper. Prickly 5 Fae ae + 2 Sonchus alperior. The more prickly Sow-thiftle} 


r on. 


6 ye 


Of the Hittorie. of Plants. Lis. 2. 


@, The Kindes. 
TT Here be two chiefe kindes of Sow-thiftles ; one tenderer and fofter , the other more pricking 
and wilder : but of thefe there be fundry forts more found by the diligence of the later Wri- 
ters; allwhich fhall be comprehended in this chapter,and euery one be diftinguifhed with a feue- 
sail defcription. : 


292 


WG The Defcription. 


x TY] He prickly Sow-thiftle hath long broad leaues cut very little in, but full of {mal pric- 
kles round about the edges fomething hard and fharpe,with a rough and hollow 
ftalke: the floures ftand on the tops of the branches, confifting of many {mall leaues, 

fingle, and yellow of colour ; and when the feed is ripe it turneth into downe, and is carried away 
with thewinde. Thewhole plantis full ofa white milky iuyce. 

+t 2 Thereis another kinde ofthis,whofe leaues are fometimes prettily deepe cut in like as 
thofe of the ordinarie Sow-thiftle ; but the ftalkes are commonly higher than thofe of the laft de- 
fcribed, and the leaues more rough and prickly ; but in other refpedts not differing from the reft 


ofthis kinde. It is alfo fometimes tobe found with the leaues leffe diuided. + 


t 3 Sonchus Lauis. 4 Sonchus lenis latifalivs. 
Broad leaued Sow-thiftle. 


Sonchsecs fo) br nCLAAS , 


Hares Lettuce. 


— 


The ftalke of Hares Lettuce, orfmooth-Thiftle is oftentimes a cubit high, edged and hol- 
Jow, of a pale colour, and fometimes reddith : the leaues be greene, broad, fet round about with 
deepe cuts or gathes,(nooth,and without prickles. The floures ftand at the top of the branches, 
yellow ofcolour, which are catied away with thewinde when the feed is ripe. $ This ts fome- 
times found withwhitith, and with fnow-white floures, but yet feldome:whence our Authour 
made two kindes more, which were the fourth and fifth ; calling the one, The white floured Sow- 
thiftle ; and theother, The fnow-white Sow-thiftle. Both thefe I haue omitted as impertinent, 
and giue you others in their ftead. $ 
4 Broad leaued Sow-thiftle hath a long thicke and milky root, as is all the reftof the Plant, 
with many ftrings or fibres : from the which commeth forth a hollow ftalke branched or diuided 


into fundry fections. The leaues be great,{mooth, tharpe pointed,and greene of colour: the floures 
’ be 


Eis. 2. Of he Hiftory of Plants. 293 


be white, in fhape likethe former. + The floures of this are for the moft part yellow likeas the 
Me 

49 5 ‘ Wall Sow-thiftle hath a fibrous wooddy root , from which fifes vp around ftalke nor’ 
crefted : the leaues are much like to thofe of the other Sow-thiftles, broad at the ietting on, then 
narrower, and after much broader,and fharpe pointed, fo that the end of the leafe much refembles 
the fhape ofan iny leafe ; thefe Ieaues are very tender, and of fomewhat a whitith colour on the 
ynder fide : the top of the ftalke is diuided into many {mall branches , which beare little yellow 
floures that fly away in downe. io 

6 This hath longith narrow leaues foft and whitith, vnequally dinided about the edges. The 
ftalkes grow fome foot high, hauing few branches, and thofe fet with few leaues,broad at their 
fetting on, and ending ina fharpe point: the floures are pretty large like tothe great Hawk-weed, 
and fly away in downe : the root is long, white, and lafting. Itfloures moft part of Summer sand 
in Tufcany, where it plentifully growes, it is much eaten in fallets, with oileand vineger, it ha- 
uing a fweetifh and fomewhat aftringent tafte. + 


$5 Sonchus lenis murals, ¥ 6 Sonchus leuis anzuftifolins. 
Wall (or Iuy-leaued) Sow-thiftle, Narrow leaued Sow-thiftle, 


= 


i= 


t 7 This blew floured Sow-thiftle is the greateft of all the ret of the kindes, fomewhat re- 
fembling the laft defcribed in leaues , but thofe of this are fomewhat roughor hairy on the vndet 
fide : the floures are in fhape like thofe of the otdinarie Sow-thiftle, but ofa faire blew colour 5 
which fading, flie away in Downe that carries with it a fimall afh-coloured feed. The whole plant 
yeeldeth milkeas all the ref do. ib 

8 Tree Sow-thiftle hatha very great thickeand hard root fet witha few haity threds ; ftom 
Which arifeth a ftrong and great ftalke of awooddy fubftance, fet with long leaues not vnlike to 
Languedebeefe, but more deepely cut inabout the edges, and not fo rough: vpon which do grow 
faire double yellow floures, which turne into Downe, and are caried away with the winde. The 
Whole plant is poffeft with (uch a milky iuyce as are the tender and hearby Sow-thiftles ; which 
Certainly theweth it tobe akinde thereof :otherwife it might bereferred to the Hawke-weeds, 
Wheteunto in face arid thew it is like, = Thishatha running root, and the heads and tops of the 
ftalkes are vety rough and hairy, $ p 

Bb 9 This 


294. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 


7 Sonchus floreceruleo. 
; Blew-floured Sow-thiftle. 
ay VAN Uy ~<A) Sonrchns ' sis 6 
cor ulus hee v ~ Canc s . LINN 


+ 9 Sonchus arborefcens alter. « 


The other Tree Sow-thiftle. 
Mors p abithris, 


\ aa We 


Lis. 22 


8 Sonchus Arbore(cens. 


j to Sonchus fyluaticus. — 
Wood Sow-thiftle, 


Lael ' Of the Hiftory of Plants. | 205 


$ 9 Thisother Tree Sow-thiftle growes toa mans height or more, having a firme crefted 
* ftalke; {mooth,without any prickles, and fet with many leaues incompaffing the ftalke detheir 
fetting on, and afterwards cut in with foure, or fometimes with qwo gathes Only: the vpper!/eaues 
are not diuided atal! : the colour of thefe leaues is green on the vpper fide,and grayith 
the top of the ftalkeis hairy, and diuided into many branches,which beare the Houres ig/an gquall 
height,as it were in anvmoell; the floures are not great, contidering the largenef{e of the plant, 
bur vfitally as big as thofe of the common Sow-thtitle;and yellow, hauing a hairy head Or-cap s 
the feed is crefted, longith, and afh-coloured, and flies away with the downe: the ront is thicke, 
whitith, hauing many fibres, putting outnew fhouts, and fpreading every yeare. Bashing ima. 
keth this all one with the other, according to Clufius his defcription: but inmy opinion there is 
fome difference betweene them, which chiefely confifts, in that the fornier hath larger and fewer 
floures ; the plant alfo not growing to fogreat a height. + , 

# 10 This plant (whofe figure our Author formerly gaue, pag. 14.8. vnder the title of £ry/f- 
mum fylueftre) hath long knotty creeping roots, from whence arifeth around flender ftalke fome 
two foot high, fet at firft with little leaues, which grow bigger and bigger as they come neerer the 
middle of the ftalke, being pretty broad at their fetting on, then fomewhat natrower,and fo broa- 
der againe, and fharpe pointed,being of the colour of the Wall (or Iuy-leaued) Sow-Thiftle. The 
top is diuided into many {mall branches, which end in fimall {caly heads like thofe of the wilde 

ettuce, containing floures confifting of foure blewith purple Icaues,turned backe and {nipped at 
their ends ; there are alfo fome threds in the midle of the floute, which turning into Downe,carry 
away with them the feed,which is fmall, and of an Afh-colour. Bavhinemakesa bigger anda lef 
fer of thefe, diftinguithing betweene that of Clufius (whofe figure I here giue you) and that of Co. 
bumna s yet Fabius Columna himfelfe could finde no difference, but that Clufixs his plant had flue 
Jeaves in the floure, and his but foure :which indeed Clufius in his defeription affirmes ; yethis fi- 
Sure (as you may fee) cxprefles but foure : adding, That the root is not well exprefled ; which not- 
withitanding Clufins defcribes according to Columna’sexpreffion, 

q The Place. . 

The firft foure grow wilde in paftures, medowes,woods,and marifhes neere the fea,and among 
pot-herbes, 

The fifth growes vpon walls,and in wonoddy mountainous places. 

The Tree Sow-thift!e growes among ft corne inwaterie places. 

The fixth,feuenth and tenth are ftrangers in England. ’s } 

- @ The Time. 

They floute in Iune,Iuly, Auguft,and fometimes later. 

4] TheNames, “°° x 

Sow-thiftle is called in Greeke, x4, : in Latine, Sonchus + of divers, Cicerbita, lactucella,and Lag 
Gerones : Apuleius calleth it Laétuca Leporina, or Hares-thiftle: of fome, Brafica Leporina, or Hates 
Colewort. The Englith names are fufficiently touched in their feuerall titles : In Dutch it is 
called isafen WLatoutwe 3 the French, Palays delicure. 


£ @ Names inparticular. 

I This is Sonchus alper major of Cordus : Sonchus tenerior aculeis ajperior of Lobel : Sonchus 3. 4fpe- 
rier Of Dodonens. ; 

2 This is Sonchys ather, of Ma'thiolus,Fuchfius, and others. : 

3 This, aatthiolus,Dodoneus, Lobel, and others cal] Sonchus lauis : Tragus calls it Tatybuserratica 
tertia, 

4 This Tabernamontanus onely giues, vnder the title as you haue it here, 

5 Matthiolus ftiles this, Sonchus Leu alver : C afalpinus calls it Lactuca murorum : and Tabern.Sone 
chus fylnaticus quartus : Lobel, Sonchus alter folio finuato hederacco. 

6 Lobel calls this, Sonchns lewis Matthioli : itis Terracrepulus of Cafalpinus : and Crepis of Dale. 
[champius, 

7 Clufius and Camerarius giuevs this vnder the title of Sonchus coeruleus. 

8 Onely Tabern. hath this figure, vnder the title our Author Glues it: Bawhine puts it among 
the Hieracia, cal'ing it Hieracinin arborefcens paluftre. 

9 This Bavhine alfo makes an Hicracium, and would petfuadevs that Cl Fus his defctiption be. 
longs to the laft mentioned, and the figure to this :to which opinion I cannot confent. Clufius gi. 
ueth it vnder the name of Sanchus 3 lamis alt: (ims. ; a 

fo This Clufius siues vnder the name of Sonchus Lenior Pannonicus 4. flore purp. Taber. calls it 
Libanotis Theophrajti fterilis : Columnahath itb y thename of Soachus montanus Pur pureus wBemsimi Core 
dus, Geer, T halins and Bauhine refer it to the Lattuce (ylucfires : the lat of them terming it, LaFiuca 

montana purpure-cerulea, + OTST *i5¢ 
Bb 2 : oe G The 


Of the Hittorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


pte The Temperature. 

The Sow-thiftles,as Galen writeth, are ofa mixt temperature ; for they confilt of 

_ earthy fubftance, cold, and likewife binding. : ; ayer 

qq The Vertues. 

A Whileft they are yet yong and tender they are eatenas other pot-herbes are ; but whether they 
be eaten,or outwardly applied in manner ofa pulteffe, they do euidently coole: therefore they be 
good for all inflammations or hot fwellings, if they be laid thereon. 

B  Sow-thiftle gitten in broth taketh away the enawings of the ftomacke proceeding of an hot 
caufe , and increafe milke in the breafts of Nurfes, caufing the children whom they nurfe to haue 
agood colour:and of the fame vertue is the broth if it be drunken. 

C © Theiuyce of thefe herbes doth coole and temper the heate of the fundament and priuy parts. 


296 


Cuar.34. Of Hawke-weed. 
@ The Kindes. 


F[Arvkewweed is allo akinde of Succoric , of which Dioftorides maketh two forts , and the later 
Writers more : the which fhall be defcribed in this chapter following , where they fhall be 


diftinguithed as well with feuerall titles as fundry defcriptions. 


$ 1 Hieracium majus Diofcoridis. 2 Hicracium minus, fine Leporinum. 
Great Hawke-weed. Small Hares Hawk-weed,or Yellow Diuels-bit, 


Ye hu fone is 
a * (P ora mots 


atin 11 be ai 7 es: 
M Ngoc Wa So 
wi} | 


RAI ee 


Ve 
II 2 


q The Defcription. 


t ha great Hawke-weed hath large and long leaues {pred vpon the ground, in fhape like 
thofe of the Sow-thiftle: the ftalk growethto the height of two cubits, branched into 

fundry armes or diuifions,hollow within.as the yong Kexe,reddith of colour; whereupon do grow 
yellow floures thickeand double, which turne into Downe that flieth away with the windewhen 


the {eed istipe. The root is thicke,tough and threddy. a8 
2 ihe 


La Oftthe' Hiftcrie ofan: 10 =~*~*SOS*C 


2 The {mall Hawke-weed, which of moft writers hath been taken for yellow Diuels-bit, hath 
long leaues deepely cut about the edges, with fome fharpe roughneffe thereon like vnto Sow-thi- 
ftle. The ftalkes and floures are like the former : the root is compa of many {mall ftrings,with a 
{mall knob, or as it were the ftumpe of an old root inthe middle of thofe ftrings, cut or bitten off ; 
whereupon it tooke his name Diuels bit. 

3. Blacke Bawke-weed hath very many long iagged leaues,not much vnlike to thofe of Bucks 
horne, {pred flat and farre abroad vpon the ground, which the pi@ure cannot exptefleas is requi- 
fite, in fo little roome :among which rife vp many ftalkes flenderand weake, the floures growing 
at the top yellow and very double : ithath alfo a threddy root. 

$ Our Author formerly gaue three figures,and fo many defcriptions of this finall Hreracium, 
which I haue contraéed into two ; for the onelydifference that I can finde is, that the one hath the 

* Toot as it were bitten off, with the leaues Jeffe cut in ; the other hatha root fomewhat longer, and. 
fibrous as the former; the leaues alfo inthis are much more finely and deepe cut in ; in other re- 
{pects there is no difference. + : 


3 Hieraciumnierum. 4 Hieratinm Aphacoides. 
Blacke Hawke-weed. . Succory Hawke-weed, 


Crepes terior — 


4 Succory Hawke-weed hath many long and large leaues fpred vpon the ground,deepely cut 
onboth fides almoft to the middle rib ; from which rife vp {mall ftalkes and floures like thofe of 
the leffe Dandelion, but leffer. The root confifteth ofmany {mall threddy firings. . 

5 Endiue Hawke-weed hath many broad leaues, indented about the edges very like vnto Gar- 
den Endiue, but narrower ; among which rife vp ftalkes a foot or mote high, flender,hairy,and brit- 
tle :the floures are yellow,and grow at the top double,and thick fet ina {caly huske like the Knap- 
weed or Tacea, hauing great thicke and threddy roots. +, This hatha ftalke fometimes more,and’ 
otherwhiles lefle rough, with the leaues fomtimes more cut in, more long and narrow, and againe 
otherwhiles more fhort and broad. + ; 

6 Long rooted Hawk-weed hath many broad leaues fj pread vpon the ground, fleightly & con- 
fufedly indented about the edges,with fomewhat a bluntith point , among which leaues {pring vp 
ftrong and tough ftalks a foot and halfe high, fet on the top with faire double yellow floures much 
likevntoa Piffe-abed. The root is very long white and tough. 

7_ Sharpe Hawk-weed hath leaues like thofe of Languebeefe or Ox-tongue, but much narro- 
Wer, fharpe about the edges,and rough in the middle : the ftalks be long and flender , fet with the 
like leaucs, butleffer : the floures grow at the top,double and yellow:the root is tough & threddy. 

the ve BO 3: 4 8 Cries 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


m intybacenm, 


Endiues 


AA on 


Oo. 


my 
eo ae Ss} 
& ¢. ‘cigs ye 
Se = So 1 
Sid g So v 
Sae¥ se 
+ = oe He 
= 3.3 S = 
go a 
Re (Ca 
=i ce 
> S Se St 
8 6o_sk Rye 
SoS Nes 
we mow 
eS Site) 
26 = eee 
Te zO 
© > oo 


Orde Bl Anas: id 


AAATANA— \AAr~ 


a 


Hawke-weed, 
Hieracium afberum 
Sharpe Hawke-weed. 


5 Hieraciu 


yf 


a ee 


ee, 


Les. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 499 


t 8 Crooked or falked Hawkeweed hath leaues like vnto the garden Suecory, yet Auch 
fmallerjand leflediuided, flightly indented on both fides, with tenderweake and erobsked ftalkes. 
whereupon doe grow floures like thofe of Lazmpfanaof a blacke,or pale yellow edlourjand the roote . 
fmalland threddy. The feedes are long, and falcated,or crooked, fo thar they fomewhat refemble 
the foot or clawes of a bird, and from thefe feeds the plant hath this E pithite, Fulcatum, or croo- 
ked in maner of a Sicle or Sithe. 

# 9 This in leaues is not much vnlike the Jatt defcribed, but that they are fomewhat broa- 
der, and Ieffe cut in, hauing little or no bitterneffe nor mi Ikineffe, the ftalkes are fome foot high 
commonly bending, or falling vpon the ground ; the floures ate finall and yellow, and feéme to 
grow out of the middeft of the feedwhenas indeed they grow at the top of them,the reft being but 
an empty huslewhich is falcated like that of the laft defcribed. This figure we giue you was 
taken before the floures were blowne, fo that by that meanes the falcated or crooked feed veflels 
are novexpreft in this, but you may fee there manner of growing by the former. + 


£9 Hieracium falcatum alterum. t 10 Hieracium Latifolium montanum. 


The othér crooked Hawkeweed, Broad Icaued mountaine Hawkeweed, 


th Lee epely inden- 
to The broad leaued mountaine Hawkeweed hath Pete a eo Ratecpelen ili ly 
i , 4 y alke 1s 
ted toward the ftalke,refembling the leaues ofthe ereatelt eiyey: x: “ nig ne chlo os 
fpungious,fullofa milkie iuice,as is the reft of the plant, as alfo all che other : 
floures grow at the top of the ftalkes, double and yellow. ie r= nino 
tr Thenarrow leaued mountaine Hawkeweed hath leaues like thofe i = an ae, 
i ike: the res orow atthe doy ; 
but narrower. The {talkes be fat,hollow,and full of milke :the floures grow atthe top : 
: é ‘e 
yellow of colour. The root is fmall and threddy y bois San fs: bei dacT 
There is a {mall mountaine Hawkeweed hauing leaues like HONS Oe. “ak cae 
cut about the edges,and fharper pointed , the ftalkes ate tender end vere BY a Bes be | 
and yellow like thofe of Pilofella,or great Moufe-eare , the root 1s {malian y- 
| The Place. sal 
: i yne fields, in 
Thefe kindes of herbes doe grow in vntoiled places neere ey the router “a oy rar 
medowes, high-waies, woode, mountaines, and hillie places, and neere to the bri 


. ‘, + + 
= The two falcated Hawkeweeds grow onely in fome few gardens. + aie 


1 


ane | 


300 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liss 2 


x1 Hieracinm montanum Latifolium minus. 
The lefler broad leaned mountaine Gg The Time. 
Hawke-weed. 
Hh Len OLA MA pol 


* 


ho S rw They floure for the moft part all the fimmer 


SS long, fome fooner,and others later. 
“ay N 


| The Names ingenerall. 


Thefe plants are all conteined vnder the name 
of Hieracium : which is called in Greeke alfo 
ipéwe: diners name itin Latine, Accipitrina,which 
is termed in French, Céchoree iauine : in Englith, 
Hawkeweed. Thefe herbes tooke there name 
from a Hawke,which is called in Latine Accipiter, 
and in Greeke,jes?, for,they are reported to cleere 
their fight by conueying the juice heereof into 
theireyes. Gazacalleth it Porceliia for it isnum- 
bred among the Succories, they are called alfo 
Lampuca, 

Yellow Hawkeweed is called offome Morfus 
diaboli,ox yellow Diuels bit,for that the root doth 
very well refemble the bitten or cropt root of the 
common Diuels bit,being like Scabious. 


+ q The Names in particular. 


1 Matthiolus, Fuchfins, Dodoneus, and others 
call this Aieracium mains. 

2 3 ‘Thefe are varieties of the fame plant, 
the firft of them being called by Fuch/iws,Dodone.. 
#s,and Matthiolus,Hieracium minus, Lobell calls it, 
Hicracium minus pramorfaradice. That fort of this with more cut leaues is by Tabernamontanus cal- 
led, Hieracium nigrum. 

4  Lobell calls this Hicracium folys & facie Chondrille ; Bawhinus makes this to differ from that 
which our Author gaue in this 4. place out of Tabern.for he termes this Hieracium Chondrille folio 
bir futum,and the other,Héeracium Chondrille folio Glabrum;the one {mooth Jeaued,the other rough; 
yerthat which growes frequently with vs, and is very wellreprefented by this figure,hath fmooth 
teawes,as he alfo obferued it to haue in Italy and about Mountpelier in France. 

5  Thisis Hieracium alterum grandins and Hieracium montanum anguftifolium primum of Taberna. 
mont anus « 

6 Lobel calls this from the length of the root(though fometimes it be not fo long) Hieracium 
Longius radicatum-as al{o Taber. Hieracium macrorhizon,it is thought tobe the Apargia of Theophra- 
fius, by Dalefchampius in the Hift. Lugd. pag. 5 62.but the figure there that beares the title is of Hie 
racium minus. 

Tabcrnamontanus fir gaue this vnder the name of Hieracinm intybaccum alperum:Bauhine re- 
fers it to the wilde yellow Succories,and calls it Cichoreum montanurn ang uftifolirm hirfutie afperum. 

8 This Lobel calls Hieracium Narbonenfe falcata filiqua. 

9 He calls this Hieracive facie Hedypnois : and Cefalpinus termes this Rhagadiolus,and the laft 
mentioned, Rhagadiolus alter. 

ro This by Vabernamontanus is called Hicracium montanum majus Latifolium , The figure of 
thiswas giuen by our Author,chap.30.vnder the title of Chondrilla Hifpanica, ; 

14  Tabernamontanus alfo {tiles this Hieraciumm montanum Latifolinm minus. + 


q The Nature. 


The kindes of Hawkeweed are cold and dr ie, and fomewhat binding. 


@ The Vertues. 
They are in vertue and operation like to Sonchus or Sowthiftleand being vfed after the fame 
manner,be as good toall purpofes that it doth ferue vnto. 
They be good for the eie-fight, ifthe juice of them be dropped into the cyes, efpecially that 
which 1s called Diuels bit,which is thought to be the beft,and of greateft force. 
‘ ; Therefore 


Lis. 2. OF he Hiftory of Plants. oi 


Therefore as Diofcorides writeth,it is good for an hot ftomacke, and for inflammations if it be C 
laid vpon them. 

The herbe and root being ftamped and applied,is a remedie for thofe that be ftung ofthe feor: Dp 
pion;which effe& not onely the greater Hawkeweeds, but the leffer ones alfo doe pertorme, 


Cuap., 35. Of (lujus Hawkeweed, : 


q The Kindes, 


a Here be likewife other forts of Hawkeweeds, which Carolus Clufivs hath {et forth in his Pan- 
nonicke obferuations,the which likewife require a particular chapter, for thatthey do differ 
in forme very notably. 


1 Hieracium primum latifolinm Clufijs 2 Hieracium 5. Clufij, 
Clufius his 5 .kinde of Hawkeweed: 


Maran Kt hg fire 


One 
= : Radi \ 


alles 


| The Defcriptions 


I "He firft of Clufivs his Hawkeweeds haue great broad leaties {pred vpon the ground, 
fomewhat hairie about the edges, oftentimes a little iagged, alfo foft as is the leafe 
- Of Mullen,or Higtaper,and fometimes dafht here and therewith fome blacke {pots, 
in fhape like thegatden Endiue, full of amilkie juice : among which rifeth vp a thicke hollow 
ftalke ofa cubit high,diniding itfelfeat the top into two orthree branches,whereupon dogrow 
fiveete finelling floutes not vnilike to thofeof yellow Succorie, fet or placed in ablacke hoarie 
and woollic cup orhuske, ofa pale bleake yellow colour,which turneth into a downieblowball 
tharis catied away with thewinde : the rootentereth deepely into the gtound, of the bignefleofa 
finger,fulllof milke,arid coueted witha thicke blacke barke, 
2 The fecond forrof great Hawkeweed according to my computation,and the 5.0f (Ju/ius, 
hath leaues like tle former, that is to fay foftsand hoarie, and as itwerecouered with a kinde of 
cathe, alas white 


302 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2, 
white woollineffe or hairineffe, bitter in tafte,of aninche broad. The ftaike isa foot high,at the : 
top whereof doth grow one yellow floure like that of the great Hawkeweed,which is caried away 1 
with the winde when the feed is ripe. Therootis blacke arid full of milkie juice, and hath cers: 
i ite ftrings annexed thereto. ; 
ay The cae of Hawkeweed hath blacke roots a finger thicke, full ofmilkie juice, decpely ° 
thruft into the ground,with fome {mall fibers belonging thereto : from which come vp many long | 
feaues halfe an inch or more broad, couered with a foft downe or hairineffe, ofan oucrworne rufs 
fet colour :and among ft the leaues come vp naked and hard ftalkes, whereupon coe grow yellow 
floures fet ina woollie cup or chalice, which is turned into downe, and caried away with his feed 
winde, q f 

by y ie fourth Hawkeweed hath a thicke root aboue a finger long,blackith, creeping vpon | 
the top of the ground, and putting our fome fibres, and it 1s diuided into fome heads, each whete- - 
ofat the top of the earth putteth out fome fix or feuen longith leaues fome halfean inche broad, — 
and fomewhat hoarie, hairie,and foft as are the others precedent, and thefe Jeaues are fnipt about 
the edges,but the deepeft gathes are neereft the ftalkes, where they are cut in even tothe mid- 
dle rib, which is ftrong and large. The ftalke is fmooth,naked,and fomewhat high : the floures be 
yellow and double as the other. 


3 Hieracium 6. Clufij. : 4 Hieracium 7.Clafij. 
Clufins his 6. Hawkeweede Clufius his 7. Hawkeweed. 


¢ 5 Thefame Authorhath alfo fet forth another Hieracivm, vnder the name of Hieracivm pars 
vam Creticum which he thus deferibes ; this is an elegant little plant fpreading fome fix, or more 
{eaues vpon the top of the ground, being narrower at that part whereas they adhere to the root, 
and broader at the other endjand cutabout the edges, hauing the middle rib of a purple colour ; 
amoneft thefe rife vp two or three little ftalkes about a foot high, without knot vntill youcome 
almott to the top,whereas they are dinided into two little branches, atwhich place growes forth 
leaves wuch divided , the floures grow at the top of a fufficient bigneffe,confidering the magni. 
tude of the plant,and they confift of many little leaues lying one vpon arother,on the vpper fide 
wholly white,and on the viider fide of a flefh colour. The root is fingle, longifh, growing {mall 


towards 


y ° ’ 


Ae Bs. Of the Hiftory of Plants. “ é 4g ' 


towards the end, and putting forth ftringy fibres on the fides. Thus much Clufias, who receiued 
this figure and defcription from his friend Zaques Plateau of Tournay. Iconiedture this to be the 
fame plant that Bavhine hath fomewhat more accurately figured and defcribed in his Prod. pug.68. 
vnder the title of Chondrilla purpurafcensfetida * which plant being an annuall, I haue {een growing 
fome yeares fince with M*. Tugzyat Weftminiter ; and the [aft Summer with an honeft and skil- 
full Apothecarie one M', Nicholas Swayton of Feuerfham in Kent: but I muft confeffe I did not 
compare it with Clufiws ; yet now lam of opinion, that both thefe figures and defcriptions are of 
one and the fame plant.“ It foures in Tuly and Auguft, at the later end ofwhich moneth the feeds 
alfo come toxipenefie. 

6 Thisther(nordefcribed by clufiws, but by Lobel) hath long‘tough leaues cut in*and too- 
thed like to Dandelion,with naked hairy ftalkes, bearing at their tops faire large and very double 
yellow floures, which fading fly away indowne. It growes infome medowes. { 


<5 Hieracium parvum Creticum. : + 6 Hicracium Dentisleonss folio hirfitum, 
Small Candy Hawk-weed. Dandelion Hawk-weed. 
1 ov ry Pare 


ae fo cal An Tin 


q@ The Place. 


Thefe kinds of Hawke-weeds, according to the report of Clufins, do grow in Hungarie and Au- 
firia,and inthegraffy dry hills, and herby and barren Alpifh mountaines, and fuch like places; 
notwithftanding if my memorie faile me not I haue feene them growing in fundry places in Eng- 
land ; which I meane, God willing, better to obferue hereafter,as opportunitie fhall ferue me, 

; @ The Time, 
Me faith they floure from May to Auguft, at what time the feed is ripe. 
@ The Names. 

The Author himfelfe hath not {aid more than here is fet downe as touching thenames, fo that 

it fhall fiffice what hath now been faid,referring the handling thereof to a further confideration, 


: @ The Nature andVertues. 

I finde not any thing at all fet downe either of their nature or vertues, and therefore I forbeare 
to fay any thing elfe of them, asa thing not neceffarie to write of their faculties vpon my owne 
conceit and imagination, Sanne 

: Chap. 


STE A a aa Rn 


304. Of the Hiftorie of Plants: L15.2. 


Ciar. 363 
+ Of Frenchor Golden Luag-wort. 


$ 1 Pulmonaria Gallica fine aurea latifolia. £ 2 Pulmonaria Gallica fine aurea anguftifoliay 
Broad-leaued French or golden Narrow leaued French or golden | 
Lung-wort, Lung-wort, 


h fh Wratrrrnr a WMAAVLOVAM bier accucr—b ab rebcewern., 
UV i 


Cmisls Uy tag foe 
p. Aes 
RO 


q The Defiription: 


ez His which I here giue you in the firft place, as alfo the other two, are of the kinds : 
of Hawke-weed, or Hveracium, wherefore I thought it moft fit to treat of them in | 
this place, and notto handle them with the Pulmonaria maculofa, ox Sage of Ierus: 
falem : whereas our Author gaue the name Pulmonaria Gallorum, and pointed at the defcription ¢ ; 
but his figure being falfe, and the defcription imperfe&, I iudged it the beft to handle it here: 
next to thofe plants which both in fhape and qualities it much refembles. This firtt hath a pretty} 
large yet fibrous and ftringy root ; from the which arife many longith leaues, hairy, foft, and vne- - 
qually diuided,and commonly cut in the deepeft neereft the ftalke; they are ofadarke green co. . 
lour, atid they are fometimes broaderand fhorter, and otherwhiles narrower and longer (whence : 
T abertamontanus makes three forts of this, yet are they nothing but varieties of this fame plant.) | 
Amongft thefe leaues grow vp one or two naked ftalks, commonly hating no more than one leafe : 
apiece, and that about the middle of the ftalke ; thefe ftalks are alfo hairy,and about a cubit high, , 
diuided at their tops into fundry branches, which beare double yellow floures of an indifferent : 
bignefic, which fading and turning into downe, are together with the feed carried away with the : 
winde. This whole plant is milky like as the other Hawk-weeds. 

2 This Plant (though confounded by fomewith the former) is much different from thelaft : 
deferibed ; for the root is {mall and fibrous ; the leaues alfo are fmall, of the bigneffe, and. fome- 
what of the fhape (though otherwife indented) of Dafie leaues,whitifhand hoarie, the ftalke is 
not aboue an handfull high, crefted, hoary, and fet with many longifh narrow leaues; and at the 
top on fhort foot-ftalkes it beares foure or fiue floures of a bright yellow colour, and pretty large, 


confidering | 


Lis. 2. Of he Hiftory of Plants. 305 


Hieracium hortenfe latifolium, fine confidering the {mallneffe of theplant. The 
#3 man bee floures, like as others of this kinde, fly away 
Golden Moufe-eare, or Grimme in downe, and carry the feeds with them. 

the Colliar. 3 This plant(which fomealfo have con- 


founded with the firft defcribed) hatha root 
at the top, of areddith or brownith colour, 
but whitith within the earth, & on the lower 
fide fending forth whitith fibres : it bringerh 
forth in good and fruitful! grounds leaues a- 
bout a foot long, and two or three inches 
broad, of a darke greene colour,and hairy, lit- 
tle or nothing at all cut in about the edges ; 
amoneft thefe leaues rifeth vpa ftalke fome 
cubit high, round, hollow,and naked,but that 
it fometimes hatha leafe or two toward the 
bottome, and towards the top it puts forth a 
branch or two. The floures grow at the top 
as itwere in an vmbell, and are of the bignes 
of the ordinarie Moufe-eare,and ofan orange 
colour.The feeds are round, & blackifh, and 
ate caried away with the downe by thewind, 
The ftalkes and cups of the floures are al] fet 
thicke with a blackith downe or hairineffe as 
it were the duft of coles ; whence the women, 
who keep in it gardens for noueltie fake,haue 
named it Grim the Colliar. 
| The Time. 

All thefe floure in Tune, luly, and Auguft, 
about the later part of which moneth they ri- 
pen their feed, 

q The Place. 

t I receiued fome plants of this from 
Mt. John Goodyer,who fir ft found it May 27, 1631. in floure ; and the 3 of the following May, not 
yet flouting, ina copfe in Godlemen in Surrey, adioyning to the orchard of the Inne whofe figne 

ope. 
g * Thies my kinde friend M". William Coote, whowrot to mee, That he found them 
Stowing ona hillin the Lady Bridger King/mills eround,in an old Romane campe, clofe by the Des 
cumane port, on the quarter that regards the Wett-South-Weft, vpon the skirts of the hill, 

3 Thisis a ftranger,and onely to be found in fome few gardens, 

GQ The Names. 

I Thiswas firft fet forth by Tragus, vnder the name of Auricula muris major : and by Taberns 
(who gaue three figutes ex prefling the feuerall varieties thereof) by thename of PulmonariaGalli« 
cafine aurea: Dale{champius hath it voder the name of Corchorus. 

2 Thiswas by Lobel (who firft {et it forth) confounded with the former, as you may feeby the 
title ouerthe figure in his Obfetuations , paz. 317. yet his figure doth much differ from that of 
Tragus,who neither in his figure nor defcription allowes fo mtich as one leafe vpon the ftalke ; and 
T abernamontanus allowes but one, which it feldome wants. Now this by Lobels ficure hath man 
narrow leaues ; and by the Defcription, Aduerf. pag. 25 3. it isno more than an handfull, or hand= 
full and halfe high :which very wellagrces with the plant wee heere gine you, and by no meanes 
vith the former, whofe naked ftalkes are at leaft a cubit high. Soitis manifeft that this plant I 
haue defcribed is different ftom the former, and is that which Pena and Lobel gaue vs vnder the ti 
tle of Pulmonaria Gallorim flore Hieracy. Banhinealfocon founds this with the former, i 

3 Bafil Befler inhis Hortus Ey tettenfis hathwell expreft this plant vnder the title of Hieracium 
atifolinm perecrinum Phlomoides : Banhiaus calls it Hieracium hortenfe floribus atropurpuralcentibus s 

und faith that fome call it Pilofella major : and I iudge it tobe the Hieracinm Germanicum of Fabins 
Jolumna. This alfo feemes tather tobe the herbe Cofta of Camerarius,than the firk defcribed ; and 
dare almoft be bold to affirme it the fame : for he faith that it hath fat leaues lying flat vpon the 
round,and as muchas he could difcerne by the figure,agreed with the #7 teracium latifolivm of Clu- 
ius : towhich indeed in the Jeaues it is very like, as you may fee by the figure which is in the firft 
lace in the foregoing chapter, which very well refembles this plant, if it had more and fmaller 


loures, 
Ce a] The 


sae OF the Hittorie of Plants. Lin. 2 


«| The Temper and Vertucs, 
I iudge thefe to be temperate in qualitie, and endued with alight aftrition, 

A 1 Thedecodion or the diftilled water of this herbe taken inwardly, or outwardly applied, 

conduce much to the mundifying and healing of greene wounds , for fome boyle the herb in wine, 
and fo giue it to the wounded Patient .and alfo apply it outwardly. 

Italfo is good againtt the internall inflanamations and hot diftempers of the heart, ftomacke, 
and liuer. 

The iuyce of this herbe is with good fucceffe dropped into the eares when they are troubled 
with any pricking or fhooting paine ornoyfe. 

Laftly, The water hath the fame qualitie as that of Succorie. Tragus. 

2 Penaand Lobel aftirme this tobe commended againft whitlowes, and in the difeafes of the 
lungs. ; 
E 3. This (ifit be the Cofta of Camerarius ) is of fingular vfe inthe Prhifis, that is, the viceration 

or confumption of the lungs : whereupon in Mifnia they giue the conferue, fyrrup, and pouder 

thereof for the fame purpofe : and they alfo vfé it inbroths and otherwife. Cam. + 


my A Bw 


Cuar. 37. Of Lettuce. 


a Lactuca fatina. 2 Lactucacrifpa. 
Garden Lettuce. Cursled Lettuce. 


q TK indes 


Here be according to the opinion of the Antients, of Lettuce two forts ;the one wilde, or of 
the field . the other tame, or of the Garden : but time, with the induftrie of later Writers 
haue found out others both wilde and tame,as alfo artificial, which I purpofe to Jay downe. 


gq The 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 307 


The Defcription, 

1 Arden Lettuce hath a long broad leafe,fmooth,and of a light green colour :the ftalke 
is round, thicke fet with leaues full of milky iuyce, buthed or branched at the top: 
whereupon do grow yellowith floures, which tutne into downe thatris: carried away 

with thewinde. The feed fticketh faft vnto the cottony downe,and flieth away likewife, white of 
colour,and fomewhat long : the root hath hanging on itmany long tough ftrings;which being cur 
or broken, do yeeld forth in like manneras doth the ftalke and leaues,a iuyce like to milke. And 
‘this is the true defcription of the naturall Lettuce, and:not of the artificial] ; for by manuring, 

tranfplanting, and hauing a regard to the Moone and other circumftances, the leaues of the artifiz 

eiall Lettuce are oftentimes transformed into another fhape : for either they are curled, or élfe fo 

drawne together,as they feemeto belikea C abbage or headed Colewort, and the leaues which be 

withinand in the middeft are fomething white, tending to avery light yellow, 


5 Lactuca capitata. 6 Lactucaintybacea, 
Cabbage Lettuce. Lumbard Lettuce. 


_ 2) Thecurled Lettitce hath great and large leaues deeply cut or gafhed on both the fides,not 
plaine or fmooth as the former, but intricately curled and cut into many fections. The floures are 
fmall, ofableake colour, the whichdo turne into downe; and is carried away with the winde. The 
feed is like the former, fauing that it changeth fometime into blackneffe, with a root like vnto the 
former, j q 

3. This fmall forrofcurled Lettucehath many leauteshackt and torne in pieces very confu- 
fedly, andwithall curled in fuch an admirable fort, that euery great leafe feemeth to be made of 
many {mall leaues fer vpon one middle rib, refembling:a fan of curled feathers vfed among Gen- 
tlewomen : the floures,roors,and feeds agreewith the former. ; 

4 The Sauoy Lettuce hath very large leaues {pred vpon the ground, at the firft comming vp 
broad, cut or gatht about the edges, crifping orcurling lightly this or that way,not vnlike to the 
leaues of Garden Endive. with ftalkes, floures,and feeds like the former; as well in fhape, as yeel- 
ding that milky iuyce wherewith they doallabound. 

5 Cabbage Lettuce hath many plaine and fmooth leaues at his firt growing vp, which for 
the moft part lie flat (till vponthe ground : the next that do appeare are thofe leaues inthe midft, 
which turn themf{elues together,embracing each other foclofely,that itis formed into that globe 

Ce 2 i S Or 


ee 


310 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 2. 


Cc 
D 


inwhofe garden I faw it growing forme two yeares agoe. 
London and Pancridge Church,about the ditches and highway fide. 


The other grow plentifully between 


g The Time. 
They come vp in the Spring,and fometimes foones,and ripen their feed in Iniy and Auguft. 
The Names. 
t take the firft of thefe tobe the Ladiuca Sylver of Diefiarides and the Axcicnts, ard that 
which the Authours of the Adverfaria gaue vs vncer the title of Ladlnca ag rofiis {cartola horicafis 


folio; Ladiuce fore, Opi odore uchementi, foportfere & virefo. 


2 This isthe Endiuia of Tragus,pag. 268. and the Thefien of Dalefchampim, pag. 5 64. Bawhine 
confounds this with the former. 

3 Thisis the Ladtuca Sylveftris prior, of Tragus the Latiuca Sylvefiris OF Matthiolus, Fuchfius, 

Dodonens,and others: it is the Seris Domeftica of Lobell. 
The Timper, 
Thefecettainly, efpecially thetwo firft, axccold, and that in the later endof the third orbe- 
ginning of the four th degree (if Opium be cold inthe fourth. ) 
TheVertues. 
Some ( faith Diefcorides ) mix the milkie inice hereof with opium ; ( for his Meconium is out 
Opium.) inthe making thereof, 

He alfo {aith, that the iuice hereof drunke in Oxycrate inthe quantity of 2 obulr, (which make 
fomeone feruple ) purgeth watrifh humors by ftoole ; it alfo clenfeth the little viccrin the eye 
called 4 r¢emon in Greeke, as al fo the myftines or darkcne fle of fight. 

Alfobeaten and applied with wemans milke it is good againft burnes and fcaldes, 

Laftly,it procures fieepe, aflwages paire, moues the courfes inwomen, and is drunkeagainft 
the ftingings of feorpions, and bitings of {piders. 

The {eed taken in drinke, like as the Garden Lettuce,hindreth generation pf feed and venereous 
imaginations. ¢ 


Cia. 39. Of Lambs Lettuce, or (orne fallad. 


2 Ladtuca Agnina. 9 Laétuca Agnina latifolia, 
Lambes Lettuce. Corne fallade. 
ates espe 3 


Me 


. L 1es2 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 311 
| The Defeription. 
I He plant which is commonly called O/us albumor the white pot-herbeWwhich offome 


hath been fet out for a kinde of Valerian, butvnproperly, for that it doth very nota. 

bly refemble the Lettuce, as well in forme, as in meate to be eaten; which propertie 
is not to be found in Valerian, and therefore by reafon and authoritieI place itasa kinde of Let, 
tuce) hath many flender weake ftalkes trailing vpon the ground, with certaine edges a foot hich 
when it growes in moft fertile ground ; otherwife a hand or twohigh,with fundry ioynts or knecs : 
out ofeuery one whereof grow a couple of leaues narrow and long,not vnliketo Lettuce at the fir 
comming vp,as well in tenderneffe as tafte ineating , and on the top of the ftalkes ftand vpon a. 
broad tuft as it were certaine white floures that be maruellous little which can fearfely be known 
tobe floures, fauing that they grow many together like a tuft or vmbel: it hath in ftead of roots a 


few flender threads like vnto haires. 


_2  Theotherkind of Lettuce, which Dodoweus inhis laf edition fetteth forth vnder the name 
of Album olus : the Low-countrey men call it MBitmoes, and vfe it for their meate called Wer- 
mofe ; withvs,Loblollic. This plant hath finall long leaues a finger broad,ofa pale green colour; 
among which fhooteth vpa {mall cornered and flender ftem halfea foot high, ioynted with twa 
or three ioynts or knees, out of which proceed two leaues longer than the firft, bearing atthe to 
of the branches tufts of very fmal white floures clofely com pac together,with a root like the for- 
mer. 

+ Both thefeareofone plant, differing in the bigneffe and broadnefle of the leafe and the 
whole plantbefides. + 
@ The Place. 

Thefe herbes grow wilde in the core fields ; and fince it hath growne in vfe among the French 
and Dutch ftrangers in England, it hath beene fowen in gardens asa fallad herbe, in; 
@ The Time, 

They are found greene almof all Winter and Sommer. 


q The Names. 
~ The Dutch-men docall it $B ptitoes ; that is to fay, Album olas:of fome it is called Welterop: 
the French terme it Sallade de Ghanoine : it may be called in Grecke, sweavzoo: in Englith, The 
White Pot-herbe ; but commonly, Corne fallad. ; 


] The Temperature and V ertues, 


This herbe is cold and fomething moift,and not vnlike in facultie and temperature to the gar- 
den Lettuce ; in ftead whereof, in Winter and in the firft moneths ofthe Spring it ferues for a fal- 


lad herbe,and is with pleafure eaten with vineger,falt and oile,as other fallads be;among which it 
is none of the worft, 


Cuar. 4o. Of Coleworts. 


gq The Kindes. 


Jofcorides maketh two kindes of Coleworts ;the tame and thewilde : but Theophrajtus makes 

more kindes hereof; the ruffed or curled Cole, the {mooth Cole, and the wilde Cole. (ato 

imitating Theophraftus, fetteth downe alfo three Coleworts: the firft hee defcribeth to be 
{mooth, great, broad Icaued, witha big ftalke; the fecond ruffed ; the third with little ftalks,ten- 
der, and very much biting. The fame diftin@ionalfo Pliny maketh, in his twentieth booke, and 
ninth chapter ; where he faith, That the moft ancient Romanes haue diuided it intothree kindes - 
the firft roughed, the fecond fmooth, and the third which is properly called »ué, or Colewort. 
And in his nineteenth booke he hath alfo added to thefe,other moe kindes ; that is to fay, Tritia. 
"nin, Cumanum,Pomperanum, Brutianum,S abellium, and Lacuturrium. 
_ the Herbarifts ofour time haue likew ife obferued many forts, differing either in colour or elfe 
in forme ; other headed with the leaues drawne together, moft of them white, fome of a deepe 
greene,fome fmooth leaued, and others curled or ruffed ; differing likewife in their falkes.as {hall 
beexpreffed in their feucrall defcriptions. ‘ f 


Eq The 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 2. 


2 Brafsica fatina crifpa. | 
Curled Garden Cole. 


1 Braficavulearis fatiua. 
Garden Colewort. 


3 Brafica rubra, 4 Braftica capitata alba, 
Red Colewort. White Cabbage Colt. 


5 Brafice 


Lina ° Of the Hiftory of Plants: 313 


q| The Defcription. 
I He Garden Colewort hath many great broad leaues of a deepe blacke greene calour, 
mixed with ribs and lines ofreddifh and white colours :the italke groweth out of the 
middeft from among the leaues, branched with fundry armes bearing at the top little yellaw 
floures : and after they be paft, there do fucceed long cods fullof round {eed like thofe of the Tur. 
nep, but fmaller, witha wooddy root hauing many ftrings or threds faftned thereto. 

2 There is another leffer fort than the former,with many deepe cuts on both fideseuen to the 
middeft ofthe rib, and very much curled and roughed in the edges; in other things it differeth 
fot. ‘ 

3. Thered kinde of Colewort is likewife a Colewort of the garden, and differeth from the 
common in the colour of his leaues,which tend vnto rednefle; otherwife very like. 

4. There is alfo found acertaine kinde hereof with the leaues wrapped together into a round 
head or globe, whofe head is white of colour, efpecially toward Winterwhen it istipe. The root 
is hard, and the ftalkes ofa wooddy fubftance. + This is the great ordinarie Cabbage knowne 
euery where, and as commonly eaten allouer this kingdome. + 


5 BrafScacapitata rubra, 6 Brafvica patula 
Red Cabbage Cole, Open Cabbage Cole, 


5. Thereis another fort of Cabbage or Joued Colewort which hath his leaues wrapped toge- 
ther intoa round head or globe, yet leffer than that of the white Cabbage, and the colour of the 
leaues of a lighter red than thofe of the former. 

6 The open loued Colewort hath avery great hard or wooddy ftalke, whereupon do grow very 
large leaues of a white greene colour,and fet with thickewhite ribs, and gathereth the reft of the 
leaues clofely together, which be leffer than thofenext the ground ; yet when it commeth to the 
fhutting vp or clofing together, it rather dilateth it felfe abroad,than clofeth all together. 

7. Double Colewort hath many greavand large leaues., whereupon doe grow here and there 
other finall iagged leaues, as it were made of ragged fhreds and iagges fet vpon the fmooth leafe, 
which giueth (hew ofa plume or fan of feathers. In ftalke, root, and euery other part befides it 
doth agree with the Garden Colewort, 

: 3. The 


314. Of the Hiftory of: Plants. ren | 


8 The double crifpeor curled Colewoort agreeth with the laft before deferibed in euery res / 
{pec&, onely it differeth in the leaues, which are {o intricately curled, and fo thick fet ouer with o- - 
ther {mall cut leaues, that it ishard to feeany part of the leafeit felfe, exceptye take and putafide : 
fome of thofe iagges and ragged leaues with your hand, 


9 Brafsica florida . Lo Braftica Tophofa. 
Cole-Florie, Swollen Colewoort, 


9 Cole flote, or after fome Colieflore, hath many large leaues fleightly indented about the | 
edges, of awhitifh greene colour, narrower and tharper pointed than Cabbage : inthe middeft of 
which leaues rifeth vp a great white head of hard floures clofely thruft together, with a root full 
of ftrings ; in other parts like vnro the Coleworts. 

to ~The {wollen Colewort of all other is the ftrangeft, which I receiued froma worthipfull 
merchant of London mafter 2icholas Lete, who brought the feed thereof out of France ; whois 
greatly in louewith rare and faire floures & plants,forwhich he doth carefully fend into Syria,ha- 
uing a feruant there at Aleppo,and in many other countries, for the which my felfeand likewife the 
whole land are much bound vnto him. This goodly Colewort hath many leaves ofa blewith green, 
orof the colour of Woade,bunched or fivollen vp about the edges as it were a peece of leather wet 
and broiled ona gridiron, in fuch ftrange forr that I cannot with words defcribe it to the full. 
The floures grow at the top of the ftalkes,ofa bleake yellow colour. The root is thickeand {trong 
like to the other kindes of Coleworts. 

11 Sauoy Cole is alfo numbred among the headed Colewoorts or Cabbages. The leaues are 
great and large very like tothofe of the great Cabbage, which turne themfelues vpwards as 
though they would embrace one another to make 2 loued Cabbage, but when they cometo the 
fhutting vp they ftand ata ftay, and rather thew themfelues wider open, than fhut any neerer to- 
gether ; in other refpects it is like vnto the Cabbage. ; 

12 Thecurled Sauoy Colein enery refpeé is like the precedent, fauing that the leaues 
hereof doe fomewhat curle or crifpe about the midle of the plant ; which plant if it be opened in 
the {pring time,as fometimes it is,it fendeth forth branched ftalks,with many fmall white foures 
at the top, which being paft their follow long cods and feeds like the common or firft kinde de- 
{cribed. 

13, This kinde of Colewoort hath very large leaues deepely iagged euen to the middle rib, in 
face refemblinggreat and tanke parfley. It hatha great and thicke ftalke of three cubits high, 
whereupon doe grow floures, cods,and feed like the other Colewoorts. j 


14 The 


I einen nanan nthe ccages 
Lips 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 315 


e) 
11 Brafsica Sabanda, 12 Brafsica Sabanda crifpa, 
Sauoy Cole, Curled Sauoy Cole. 


13 Brafsica Selinoides. TLS Brafsica marina: Anglica, 
Parfeley Colewoort. Englith fea Colewoorts, 


MA ar Muito 


24 The 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


14 Thefmallcut Colewoort hathvery large leaues, wonderfully cut, hackt and hewen euen 
to the middle rib, refembling a kinde of curled parfley,that fhall be defcribed in his piace,(which 
is not common nor hath not beene knowne nor defcribed vntill this time ) very well agreeing with 
the laft before mentioned, but differeth in the curious cutting and iagging of the leaues: in ftalke 
floures and feed not vnlike. 


316 


+ 16 Brafica fylueftris. 15 Sea Colewoort hath large and broad leaues 

Wilde Colewoorts, very thicke and curled, and fo brittle that they 
cannot be handled without breaking, of anouer- 
worne greene colour, tending to grayneffe : a- 
mong which rifevp ftalkes two cubits high, bea- 
ring {mall pale floures at the top ; which being 
paft their follow round knobs wherein is contai- 
ned oneround feed and no more, blacke of co- 
lour, of the bignefle of a tare and a fetch: + And 
therefore Penaand Lobell called it Brafica marina 
monofpermos . + 

16 The wilde Colewoort hath long broad 
leaues not vnlike to the tame Colewoort, but 
leffer, as is all the reft of the plant, and is of his 
owne nature wilde, and therefore not fought after 
asa meate, but is fowen and husbanded up on 
ditch bankes and fuch like places for the feeds 
fake, by which oftentimes great gaine is gotten. 

@ The Place. 

The greateft fort of Colewoorts doe growin _ 
gardens, and doe loue a foile which is fat and 
throughly dunged and wellmanured : they doe 
beft profper when they be remooued, and every 
of them grow in our Englith gardens, except the 
wilde, which groweth in fields and new digged 
ditch banks. 

The fea Colewoort groweth naturally vpon 
the bayche and brims of the fea,where there is no 
earth to bee feene, but fand and rowling pibble 
ftones, which thofe that dwell neere the fea doe cal! Bayche: I found it growing betweene Whyt- 
ftable and the Ile of Thanet necre the brinke of the fea, and in many places neere to Colchefter 
and elfewhere by the fea fide. 


q The Time. ; 

Petrus Crefientius faith that the Colewoort may bee fowen and remooued at any time of the 
yeere,whofe opinion I altogether miflike. [ris fowen in the {pring, as March, Aprill, and often- 
times in May, and fometimesin Auguft, but the fpeciall time is about the beginning of Sep- 
tember. bie 

The Colewoort, faith Colwmella, muft be remoued when it attaineth to fix leaues, after it is 
come vp ftom feed ; the which muftbe done, inAprill or May, efpecially thofe that were fowne 
in Autumne,which afterwards flourifh in the winter moneths,at what time, they are fitteft for 
meate. mn 

But the Sauoy- Cole, and the Cole florey, mutt be fowne in Aprill, in a bed of hot horfedung, 
and couered with ftraw or fuch like, to keepe it from the cold, and frofty mornings , andwhen it 
hath gotten fix leaues after this fort, then fhall you remouc him as aforefaid,otherwife if you tar- 
ry for temperate weather before you fow, the yeare will be fpent, before it come toripenefle. 

q| The Names. oe 

Euery of the Colewoorts, is calledin Greeke by Diofiorides ‘and Galen debe : it is alfocalled 
dutivee : {> named, not only becaufe it driueth away drunkennefle, but alfo for that it is like in ¢o- 
Jour to the precious ftone calledthe Amethyft : which is meant by the firft and garden Cole- 
woort. The Apothecaries and the common Herbarifts doe call it Calis, of the goodneffe of the 
flalke : inthe Germane tongue it is called Aoole Braut ¢ in French, desChonw : in Englifh, 
Colewoorts. ’ ; 

Cole-florey is called in Latine Brafica Cypriaand Canliflora -in Italian, Canlifiore : it feemeth to , 


agree with Brafiica pompciana of Pliny, whereofhe writeth inhis 19, booke,and 8. Bae ey 


ris 1B. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: 317 


|] The Temperature. : 

Allthe Colewoorts haue a drying and binding facultie,with a certaine nitrous or falt quality, 
whereby they mightily cleanfe, either inthe iuice, or in the broth. The whole fubftance 
or body of the Colewoort is ofa binding and drying faculty, becaufe it leaucth in the decoction 
this fale quality; which licth in the iuyce and watry part thercof:the waterwherein it is firft boy. 
Jed, draweth to it felfe all the quality ; for which caufe the decoéion thereof loofeth the belly, 
as doth alfo the inyce of it, ifitbe drunke : but if the fir& broth in which it was boyled be caft 
away, then doth the Colewoort dry and binde the belly. But it yeeldeth to the body fall nou. 
tifhment, and doth not ingender good, but a groffe and Mclancholicke bloud. Thewhite Cab. 
bage is beft next vnto the Cole-florey ; yet Cato doth chiefly commend the ruffet Cole: but he 
knew neither the white ones, nor the Cole-florey; for ifhe had, his cenfure had beene otherwife, 

Q The Vertues. 

Diofcorides teacheth, that the Colewoort being caten is good forthem that haue dim eyes, A 
and that are troubled with the fhaking palfie. 

The fame author affirmeth, that if it be boiled and eaten with vineger, itisaremedie for thofe B 
that be troubled with the fpleenc. 

Itis reported,that the raw Colewoort being eaten before meate, doth prefertie a man from C 
drunkenneffe : thereafonis ycelded, for that there is anaturall enmity betweene it and the vine, 
which is fuch,as if it grow neere vnto it, forthwith the vine perifheth and withereth away : yea, if 
wine be poured vnto it while itis in boyling,it will not be any more boiled,and the colour thereof 
quite altered, as Cafiws and Dionyfius Vticenfis doe write in their bookes of tillage : yet dothnot 
Atheneus a{cribe that yertue of driuing away drunkenneffe to the leaues, but to the feeds of Cole. 
woort. 

Moreouer, the leaues of Colewoorts aregood againft all inflammations, and hot fwellings, .D 
being ftamped with barley and meale,and laid vpon them with falr:and alfo to breake carbuncles. 

Theiuyce of Colewoorts, as Diofcorides writeth, being taken with floure-deluce and niter,doth & 
make the belly foluble : aud being drunke with wine, it isa remedie againft the bitings of yeno- 
mous beatts. , 

The fame being applyed with the powder of Fennugrecke, taketh away the paine ofthe gout, p 
and alfo cureth old and foulevicers. 

Being conueied intothe nofthrils, it purgeth the head: being put vp with barley meale it brin- G 
geth downe the floures. 

Pliny writeth, that the iuyce mixed with wine, and dropped into theeares, isaremedie againit 7 
deafeneffe. 

The feed,as Galen faith, driueth forth wormes, ‘taketh away freckles of the face, fun-burning, ] 
and what thing foeuer that need to be gently fcoured or clenfed away. 

They fay that the broth wherein the herbe hath beene fodden is maruellous good for the fi- K 
newes and ioynts,and likewife for Cankers in the cies,claled in Greeke (arcinomata,which cannot 
be healed by any other meanes, if they be wafhed therewith. - 


. 


t Thefifteenth and fixteenth figures were forme ly wanfported. 


© 


Cuare-41 Of Rape-(ole. 


a] The Defcription. 
I a firft kinde of Rape Cole hath one fingle long root, garnithed with many threddy 
firings : fromwhich rifeth vp a great thicke ftalke, bigger thana great Cucumber or 
great Turnep: at the top whereof fhooteth forth great broad leaues, like vnto thofe of Cabbage 
Cole. The Houres grow at the top on flender ftalkes,compaé of foure fmall yellow floures:which 
being paft the feed followeth inclofed in litle long cods, like the feed of Muftard. 

2 The fecond hath along fibrous root like vnto the precedent , the tubcrous ftalke is very 
great and Jong, thrufting forth in fone few places here and there,{mall foot{talkes,whereupon doe 
srow {mooth leaues,fleightly indented about the edges:on the top of the long Turnep ftalke grow 
leane ftalkesand floures like the former, + This fecond differs from the former onely inthe 
length of the fivolne ftalke, whence they call it Caulorapum longum, or Long RapeCole, + 

3 q The Place, 

They grow in Italy, Spaine, and fome places of Germanic, from whence I haue receitied feedes 
for my garden, as al{ ftom an honeft and curious friend of mine called mafter Goodman, at the 
Minories neere London, 


Dd @ The 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 2. 
4 q The Time, 
They floure and flourifh when the other 
Colewoorts doe, whereof no doubt they are 


kinds, and muft be carefully fer and fowne as 
muske Melons and Cucumbers are. 


q. The Names, 

They are called in Latine, Caulorapum, and 
Rapocaulis, bearing for their ftalkes, as it were 
Rapes andTurneps,participating of two plants, 
the Colewort and Turnep; whereof they tooke 
their names. 

a The Temperature and Vertues. 

There is nothing fet downe of the faculties 

of thefe plants, but are accounted for daintie 


1 Canlorapum rotundum. 


Round rape Cole. 


goodneffe and pleafant tafte. 


Cuap. 42. Of Beets. 


@ TheD e[cription. 


I f Wea: common white Beet hath great 

broad leaues,{mooth,and plain: from 

which rife thicke crefted or chamfered’ ftalkss 

the floures grow along the ftalks cluftering to- 

gether, in fhape like little ftarres ; which being 

patt, there fucceed round and vneuen prikly 
feed, Therootis thicke, hard,and great, 


Red Beets. 


Af 


White Beets. 2 Betarubra. 


FA 


ee 


meate, contending with the Cabbage Cole in . 


Land. Of he Hiftory of Plants. 319 


_ £ 3. Betarubra Romana, 2 ‘Fhere is another fort like in fhape 

Red Roman Beet. and proportion to the former, {aning that the 

leaues of this be ftreaked with red here and 

there confufedly , which fetteth forth the 
difference. 

3. There isJikewife another fore hereof, 
that was brought vate me from beyond the 
feas, by that courteous merchant matter 
Lete , before remembred, the which hath 
lcaues very great, and red of colour, as is all 
the reft of the plant, as wellroor, as ftalke, 
and floures, full of a perfe& purple iuyce 
tending to redneffe: the. middle rib of 
which leaues are for the mofts part very 
broad aud thicke, like the middle part of the 
Cabbage leafe, which is equall in goodnefle 
with the leaues of Cabbage being boyled. 
Itgrew with me 1596, te theheight of viij. 
cubits.and did bring forth his rough and vn- 
euen feed very plentifully:with which plane 
nature doth feeme to play and fport her- 
felfe : for the feeds taken from that plant, 
which was altogether of one colour and 
fowen, doth bring forth plants of many and 
variable colours, as the worthipfull gentle- 
man matter John Norden canvery wellteftiz 
fie, vnto whom, I gaue fome of the feeds a- 

" forefaid, whith inhis garden bruoght forth 
many-other of beautifull colours, 


s : ‘ q The Place. 

The Beete is fowen in gardens: it loueth to grow ina moift and fertile ground. + The *. 
otdinary white Beet growes wilde vponthe fea-coaft of Teftet and diuers other places by the 
Sea, for this is nota different kind as fome would haucit. $ 

The Time. 

The fitteft time to fow it isin the fpring : it flourifheth and is greene all fommer long, and 

likewife in winter, and bringeth forth his feed the next yeare following. 
_ Gf The Names. 

The Grecians haue named it 3:40, «or: the Latines, Beta: the Germates, Maugole : the Spa- 
hiards, Aféleas : the French, de la Porée, des Totes, and Beets : Theophraftus faith, that the white 
Beete is furnamed ounxx, that is to fay,Sicula, or of Sicilia: hereof commeth the name Sila, by 
which the Barbarians, and fome Apothecaries did call the Beet ; thewhich word we in England 
doevfe, taken for the fame. 
‘ qt The Nature. 

The white Beets are in moifture and heate temperate, but the other kinds are drie, and all of 
them abfterfiue:fo that the white Beete is a cold and moift pot-herbe,which hath ioyned with ita 
certaine falt and nitrous quality, by reafon whereof itclenfeth and draweth flegme out of the 
nofthrils. . 

@ The Vertues. 

Being eaten when it is boyled, it quickly defcend eth, loofeth the belly, and prouoketh tothe A 
ftoole,efpecially being taken with the broth wherein it is fodden< it nourifheth little or nothing, 
and is not fowholefomeas Lettuce, 

The iuyce conueied vp into the nofthrils doth gently draw forth fegme,and purgeth the head. B 
oo Phe great and beautifull Beet laftdefcribed may be vfed inwinter fora fallad herbe, with C 
ineger, oyle, and falt, and is not onely pleafant to the tafte, but al fo delightfull to the eye, j 
The greater red Beet ot Roman Bect,boyled and eaten with oyle,vineger and pepper, isa moft Dp 
excellent and delicate fallad: but what might be made of the red and beautifull root (which is 
to be preferred before the leaues, as well in beauty as in goodnefie yi refer vnto the curious and 
cunning cooke,who no doubt when he hath had.the view thereof, and is affured that it is both 
£004 and wholefome, will make thereof many and divers difhes, both faire and good, 


Dd z Chap. 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. £ wore 5 ie 


Crap. 43. Of Bites. 


chron“ eat © The Defeription. 


He great white Blite groweth three or foure foot high, with grayith or white round | 
ftalkes : the leaues are plaine and {mooth, almoft like to thofe of the white Orach, , 
but not fo foft nor mealy : the floures grow thruft together like thofe of Orach:after - 

that commeth the feed inclofed in little round flat husky skinnes. / 

2 There is likewife another fort of Blites very f{mooth and flexible like the former » faving 
that the leaues are reddifh, mixed with a darke greene colour, as is the ftalke and alfo the reft of | 
the plant. 

ts There is likewife found a third fort very like vnto the other, fauing that the ftalkes, bran- 
ches, leaues, and the plant is altogether ofa greene colour. But this growes vpright, and creepes 
notat all, 

4  Thereis likewife another in our gardens very like the former, fauing that thewhole Plant 
traileth vpon the ground : the ftalks,branches,and leaues are reddith : the feed is fmall,and clufte- 
ting together, greene of colour, and like vnto thofe of Rvellins his Coronopus,or Bucks-horne. 


£ x Blitum majus album, 2 Blitummajus rubrim, 
The great white Blite. The greatred Blite. 
§ 5 


= < BO 
ar Hh: 
Si 


ui or ~S 
RUS 


@ The Place. 


The Blites grow in Gardens for the moft part, although there be found of them wilde many 
times. ; ; 


@ TheTime. 
‘They flourifh all the Summer long, and grow very greene in Winter likewife: 


q the Names. 


Itiscalled in Grecke, saw : in Latine, Blitwm : in Englith, Blite,and Blites:in French, Bites; 
or Blitres. ra i Pa 


@ The 


Lis. 2. Ot the Hifttorie of Plants. 221 


i) 
f 3 Bltwm minus album. ; : £ 4 Blitum minus rubrum, 
The finall white Blite. The fmallred Blite, _ 
ONO ud oe bes 


a The Nature, 


The Blite (faith Galen in his fixth booke of the faculties of fimple medicines) is a pot-hearbe 
which ferueth for meate, being ofa cold moift temperatute, and that chiefely in the fecond de- 
gree, It yeeldeth to the body fmall nourifhment, as in his fecond booke of the faculties of nou- 
rifhments he plainly fhewes ; for it is one of the pot-herbes that be vnfauoury orwithout tafte, 
whofe {ubftance is waterifh. 


@ The Vertues. 


"The Blite doth nourish little, and yet is fit tomake the belly foluble, though not vehemently, A 
feeing it hath no nitrous or (harpe qualitie whereby the belly fhould be prouoked. I haue heard 
many old wiues fay to their feruancs, Gather no Blites to put into my pottage, for they are nor 

ood for the eye-fight : whence they had thofe words I know not, it may be of fome Door that 
neuerwent to fchoole,for that I can finde no {uch thing vpon record cither among the old or later 
Writers. 


Cuar. 44. Of Floure-Genile. 


a The Kindes. 


Here be diuers forts of floure-Gentle, differing in many points very notably , as in greatne Me 

and finallneffe; fone purple, and others ofa skarlet co our, aad one aboue the ret where- 

with Nature hath feemed todelight her felfe,efpecially in the leaues, which in variable colours 
do ftrine with the Parats feathers for beautic, sp 

Dd 3 1 Amaranthus 


322 Of the Hittorie of Plants. oe se 


+ 
1 Amaranthus purpureus. 2 Amaranthus coccinens. 
Purple Floure-Gentle. Scarlet Floure-Gentle, 


3 oe 9 "I i, 4. Amaranthus Pannicula fparfa, 
Floramor and Paffeuelours, Branched Floure-Gentle, 


5 Amaranthus 


‘Bra | i = Of the Hittorke of Plants. 323 


—____. 


’ | The Defcription. ; 

fr Vrple floure Gentle tifeth vp with a ftalke a cubit high, and fometime higher, ftreaked 

or chamfered along ft the fame, oftenreddith toward the root, and very {mooth:which 

diuideth it felfe toward the top into fall branches, abourwhich ftand long leaues, 

broad, fharpe pointed, foft, flippery, of a greene colour, and fometimes tending toa reddlifh : in 

ftead of floures, come vp eares or fpokie tufts, very braue to looke vpon, but without {mell ; ofa 

fhining light purple, with a gloffe like veluet, but far paffing it: which When they are bruifed,doe 

yeeld a iuyce almoft of the fame colour, and being gathered, doe keepe their beauty a long time 

after ; infomuch that being fet inwater, it will reuiueagaine asat the time of his gathering, and 

it remaineth fo,many yeares,whereupon likewife it hath taken its name. The feed ftandeth in the 
ripe eares, of colour blacke,and much glittering : the root is fhort, and full of firings. ’ 


£ 5 Amaranthus panniculaincurua 2 The fecond fort of floure Gentle hath 
e holoferica: leaues like ynto the former: the ftalke is vp- 
Veluet Floures Gentle. right with a few fmall flender-leaues fer vpon 


it: among which docgrow fimall cluftersof 
* {caly floures, of an ouerworne fcarlet colour, 

The feed is like the former, 

3 Itfar exceedeth my skill to defcribe 
the beauty and excellency of this rate plant 
called Floramor ; and I thinke the pentill of 
the moft curious painter wilbe ata itay,when 
he fhall come to fethim downe in his liuely, 
colours: but to colour itafter my bef man- 
ner this I fay : Floramer hath a thicke knob. 
by root, whereupon doe grow many threddy 
ftrings : from which rifetha thicke ftalke, 
but tender and foft, which keginneth to de- 
uide himfelfe into fundry branches at the 
ground and fo vpward, whereu pon doe grow 
many leaues,wherein doth confit his beauty: 
for in few words} euery leafe doth refemble in 
colours the moftfaire and beautifull feathe> 
ofa Parrat, efpecially thofe feathers thatare 
mixed with moft fundry colours, asa ftiipe of 
red,and a line of yellow,a dafh of whiteanda 
rib of green colour,which I canor with words 
fet forth, fachare the fundry mixtures of co- 
lours that nature hath beftowedin her greateft 
iollitie vpon this floure:the floures doe grow 
betweene the foot-ftalkes of thofe leaues and 
the body of the ftalke of trunke,bafe, and of 
nomoment in refpeét ofthe leaues, being as 
itwere little chaffie husks of an ouerworne 
tawnie colour : the feed is blacke,and fhining like burnithedhorne, + I haue not feene this 
thus variegated as our Author men tions, but the leaues are commonly of three colours; the lower 
part,orthat next tothe ftalke is greene; the middle red,and the end yellow, or elfe the end red.the 
middle yellow, and the botrome greene. + 

4 This planthatha great many of threds and ftrings, of which his roots doe confift. From 
which doe rifevp very thicke fat ftalkes, creftedand ftreaked;exceeding fmooth;and ofa fhining 
red colour, which begin at the ground to diuide themfelués into branches ; whereupon doe srow 
many great and large leanes of a darke gteene colour tending to redneffe, in fhew like thofe of 
the red Bectysftreaked and dafht here and there withred, mixed with greene. The floures grow 
alongft the ftalkes, from the middeft thereof euen to the top,in fhape like Panicum, tharis, a great 
number of chaffie confuled eares thrutt hard together, of adeepe purple colour, Ican compare 
the fhape thereof to nothing fo fitly as to the veluet head of a Stag,compaé of fuch foft matter 
as isthe fame : wherein is the feed, in colour white,round, and bored through the middle, 

+ 5 This in ftalkes and leaties is much like the purple floure Gentle, but theheads are larger, 
bended round,and laced > OF as itwerewouen one withanother looking very beautifully like to 
“Crimfon veluet:this is feldome to be found with vs ; but forthe beauties fake is kept. in the Gar- 
dens of I taly, whereas the women efteemed it not only for the comelineffe and beautious alped, 

' but 


OF the Hiftorie of Plants. Lrp.2. 


+ 2 Atriplex fatina purpurea, ; 


324 


1 L4triplex fatina alba. 


White Orach. Purple Orach. 


LZ 
<a 
Wiss 


L 
a7) 


Kes 
A 


@ 


NX 


MA 


me Lie 
$= 
a) 


L) OILS 
AIAN M 
E 3 Atriplex filueftra, fine Poly(permon, Atriplex marina. 
CAumo olsun Wilde Orach,or All-feed. é us 4 Sea Gach, i 
r Uidoeg eapon tate 


& 
j 


325 


Liz, 2 Of the Hittory of Plants. 


but alfo for theeificacy thereof again the bloudy ifftes,and faniousvicers. of the wombe and 
kidneyes,as the Authors ofthe Aduerfaria affitme. + 
, M4 «| The Place and Time, 
Thefe pleafant floures are fowen in gardens, efpecially for their great beauty, 
They dare in Auguft, and continue flourifhing till the froft ouertake them, atwhat timethey 
perith. But the Floramor would be fowne in abed of hot horfe-dung, with fome earth ftrewed 


thereon intheend of March,and ordered,as we doe muske Melons, and the like, 


This plantis called in Greeke sseome, becaufe it doth not wither and wax old: in Latin, 4ma- 
‘ vanthies purpureus : in Duch, Samatbluomen : in Italian, Fior velluto = in French, Paffe velours s 
in Englith,floure Gentie, purple Veluet floure, Floramor;and of fome floure Velure. 


Mott attribute to floure Gentlea binding faculty, with a cold and dry temperature. 

_ Itis reported they ftop allkinds of bleeding ; which is not manifett by any apparantquality 
in them, except peraduenture by the colouronly that theted eares haue: for fome are of opinion; 
that all red things ftanch bleeding in any part of the body: becaufe fome things,as Bolearmoniacke, 
Senguis Draconis, terra Sigilata, and fuch like of red colour doe ftop bloud : But Galen, lib. 2. & 4- 
de fimp facult. plainly fheweth,thatithere can be no certainty gathered from the colours, touching 
the vertues, of fimple and compound medicines : wherefore they are ill perfuaded, that thinke the 
floure Gentle to ftanch bleeding,to ftop the laske or bloody flix, becaufe of the colour only, if 
they’had no other reafon to induce them thereto, 


ce AN 
Cua. 45. Of Orach. 


G TheD efcription. 


I T He Garden white Orach hath an high and vpright ftalke, with broad fharpe pointed 

leaues like thofe of Blite, yet fmoother and fofter, The floures are finall and yellow, 

growing in clufters : the feed round, and like a leafe couered with a thin skin,or filme, and grow- 

eth in clufters, The root is wooddy and fibrous:the leaues and ftalkesar the firft ate ofa glittering 
Stay colour, and fprinkled as it were with a meale or floure. 
2 This differs from the former, only in that it is of an ouefworhe purple colour. 

3 This might more fitly haue beene placed amongft thé Blites, yet finding the figure here 

( though a contrary difcription ) Thaue let it inioy the place. Ithathawhite and flender root, 

and it is fomewhat like, yet leffe then the Blite, with narrow leaues fomewhat refembling Ba- 

fill: it hath aboundance of final] floures » Which are fueceeded by a numerous fort of feeds, which 
are blacke and fhining. + 

4 There isawilde kinde gtowing neere the fea, which hath pretty broad lealies, cut deepely 
bout the edges, fharpe pointed, and couered ouer witha certaine mealineffe, fo that the whole 
slant as well leaues, as ftalkes and floures, looke ofan hoary or gray colour. The ftalks lye {pred, 
nthe fhore or Beach, whereas itv{ually growes. 

+ 5 Thecommonwilde Orach hath leaues vnequally finuated, orcut in fomewhat after the 
nannet ofan oaken leafe, and commonly ofan ouerworne grayith colour:the flonres and feeds are 
nuch like thofe ofthe garden, but much leffe. 

6 This is like the laft defcribed, but the leaues are leffer and tiot fomuch diuided, the feeds 
5'ow alfo in the fame manner as thofe of the precedent. 

7 This alfo in the face and manner of growing is like thofe already defcribed, but rhe leaues 
re long and narrow, fometimes a little notched : and from the fhape ofthe leafe Lobell called it 
itriplex Sylueftris polygoniyaut Helxines folio. 

8 This elegant Orach hath a fingleand {mall root, putting forth a few fibers, the ftalkes are 
ome foot high, diuided into many branches, and lying along vpon ithe ¥round ; and vponthefe 
tow leaues at certaine faces whitith and vnequally diuided, fomewhat after the manner of the 
ilde Orach about the ftalke or fetting on of the leaues grow as irwere little berries, fomewhat 
ke a little mulberry,and when thefe come to ripeneffé,they are ofan elegant red colour,and make 
fine thew. The {eed is {mall round and afhcolouted. ¢ 

@ The Place. 

The Garden Oraches grow in moft gardens. The wilde Oraches Srow necte paths-wayes and 
tch fides ; but mott commonly about dung-hils and fuch fat places. Sea Orach I hate found at 
leeneborough, asalfoat Margate inthe Tleof Thanet : and moft places about the fea fide. 
the eighth groweth only in fome chaice gardens, haue {een itdiyerstimes with M!, Parkinfon.$ 


Th: 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2: 


£5 Atriplex fylueftris vulgaris. £ 6 Atriplex [jlueftrés altera. 
Commonwilde Orach. The other wilde Orach, Lie 
ca ert peryta Chum opp od vrary ahh uw . 
Ne Se or 


326 


I fra 


—= ee 


| 7 Atriplex fjlueftris anguftifolia. ; ; 
Narrow leaued wilde Orach, erence red 
aN@ hes Berry-bearing Orach, 


Yar Ques Or ? ust ee Ua 
a 


Lis. 2. _ Of the Hiftory of Plants, 32.7 


@ The Time, 

They floure and feed from Iune to the end of Augutt, 

G The Names, 

Garden Orach is called in Greeke, eszpuhe: in Latine, Atriplex, and Aureum Olus - in Dutch, 
Meld sin French, Arrouches ou bonnes dames : in Englith, Orach, and Orage : in the Bohemian 
tongue, Leboda : Pliny hath made fome difference betweene Atriplex and Chryfolachanum,as though 
they differed one from another ; for of Atriplex he writeth in his twentieth booke sand of Chry/o. 
tachanum in his twenty eighth booke,and eighth chapter : where hee writeth thus , Chryolachanum, 
faith he, groweth in Pinetum like Lettuce :it healeth cut {inewes ifit be forthwith applied, 

3 Thiswilde Orach hathbeene called of Lobel, Poly(permon Calf ani Baf,or All feed. 
gq The Temperature, FY 

Orach,faith Galen, is of temperature moift in the fecond degree, and cold in the fir. 

| The Vertues. 

Diofcorides writeth, That the garden Orachis both moift and cold, and that itis eaten boyled A 
as Other fallad herbes are, and that it foftnethand loofeth the belly. 
~ It confumeth away the {wellings of the throat, whether it be laid on raw er fodden, P B 

The feed being drunke with meade or honied water, is a remedie againft the yellow jaundice. C 

Galen thinketh, that for that caufe it hath a clenfing qualitic,and may open the ftoppings ofthe D 
liver, 


+ The figure which wasin the fecond place was of Pes Anferinus 2. of Tabererhe figure in the fourth place was of the wild @rach,that I have deferibéd inthe 
fifth place. 


a 
Crap, 46. Of Stinking Orach, 


Atriplex olida, ® 
Stinking Orach. ed | The Defiription. 
CO ea gem Tinking Orach gtowes flat vpon the ground 
: and is a bafe and low plant with many weak 
and feeble branches , whereupon doe grow 
fmall leaues of a grayith colour, fprinkled ouer 
with a certaine kinde of dufty mealineffe, in 
thape like the leaues of Bafill :among{t which 
Ieaues here and there confufedly be the feeds 
difperfed, as it were nothing but duft or afhes, 
The whole plant is of a moft loathfome fauour 
or {mel , vpon which plant if. any fhould chance 
to reftand fleepe, he might very well report to 
his friends, that he had tepofed himfelfe among 
the chiefe of Scoggins heires. 
q The Place. 

It groweth vpon dunghills, and in the moft 
filthy places that may be found,as alfo about 
the common piffing places of great princes and 
Noblemens houfes. Sometime ic is found in 
places neere bricke-kilns and old walls 5 which 
doth fomewhat alter his fmell, which is like to 
ited cheefe: but that which groweth in his na- 
turall place fmells like ftinking falt-fith, where- 
of jt tooke his name Garofmus. 

' G The Time. ~ 

It isan herbe for a yeare, which {pringeth vp, 
and when the feed is ripe ir petifheth, and reco- 
uereth it felfe againe of his owne feed ; fo that 
if icbe gotten intoa ground , it cannot be de- 
ftroyed. 


@ The Names, 4 21 
Stinking Orach is called of Cordus,Garofmus,becaute it {inelleth like ftinking fifh sir is ae 
Ate? calle 


or nena the Hiftory of Plants, Ltitiy-25 


called Tracinm Germanicum, and Atriplex fatidagarum olens,by Penaand Lobel : for it fmelleth mote 
ftinking than therammith male Goat: whereupon fome by a figure haue called it Yalvaria : and. 
it may be called in Englith, ftinking Mother-wort. 

| The Nature and Vertues. 

There hath been little or nothing fer down by the Antients,either of his nature or vertues,not- | 
with{tanding it hath beene thought profitable,by reafon ofhis ftinking fmell,for fuch as are trou- 
bled with the mother: for as Hy ppocrates faith, when the mother doth ftifle or ftrangle, fuch things 
are to beapplied vnto the nofe as hauea ranke and ftinking {mell. 


Cuar. 47. Of Goofe-foot. 


q The Defcription. 
x, f— * Oofe-foot is a common herbe, and thought to be a kinde of Orach : it rifeth vp with 
7 a ftalke a cubithigh or higher, fomewhat chamfered and branched : the leaues be 
broad, {mooth,fharpe pointed, fhining, hauing certaine deepe cuts about the edges, 
and ¥efembling the foot ofa goofe : the floures be fmall,fomething red : the feed ftandeth in clu- 
fters vpon the top of the branches, being very like the feed of wilde Orach, and the root is diuided 
into fundry ftrings. 

$ 2  Thisdiffers from the laft defcribed,in that the leaues are fharper cut,and more diuided, 

the feed fomewhat fmaller, and the colour of the whole plant is a deeper or darker greene, 


$x Atriplex fjlucftris latifolia, five Pes Anferinus. $ 2 Atriplex (ylueftris latifolia altera, 
Goofe-foot. _ The other Goofe-foot. 
Chern olpo daw pal) tie - Chimo pe diLuwe wrwioly 


peed a © The Place. 
Tt growes plentifully in obfcure places neere old walls and high-waies, and in defart places. 
; G The Time, 
It flourifheth when the Orach doth,whereof this is a wilde kinde. 
q The Names. 


The later Herbarifts haue called it Pes anferinus , and Chenopodium, of the likeneffe the leaues 
haue with the foot ofa Goofe: in Engli(h,Goofe-foot,and wilde Orach, 


q The 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: : 329 


q The Temperature. 
This herbe is cold and moift,andithat no leffer thanOrach,but as it appeareth more cold, 
G The Vertues. 


It is reported that it killeth fwine if they do eate thereof: it is not vied in Phyficke:and much 
Ieffeasa fallade herbe, 


Cuapr. 48 Of Englifh WM ercurie, 


Bonus Henricus. | The Defiription, * 


' i urie,or good Henrie. 
eo Hemrcus Ood Henrie called Totabona,fo named 
nee J of the later Herbarifts, is accounted of 
them to be one of the Dockes, but not 
properly. This bringeth forth very many 
thicke ftalkes, fet with leaues two foot high ; 
on the branches wherof towards the top ftand 
greene floures in clufters, thicke thrutt toge- 
ther. The feed is flatlike that of the Orach, 
whereof this is akinde. The leaues be fafte- 
ned to long foote-ftalkes, broad behinde, and 
fharpe pointed, fafhioned like the leaues of 
Aron, or Wake-robin; white, or grayith of 
colour,and as itwere couered ouer with a fine 
meale :in handling it is farand olious, with a 
very thicke root,and parted into many diuifi- 
ons,of a yellow colour within, like the fharpe 

pointed-Docke, 


The Place. 


It is commonly found in vntilled places; 
and among tubbith neere common waies, old 
walls, and by hedges in fields, 


G The Time. 


It floureth in Tune and Tuly efpecially, 

"ea The Names, 

ae Itis called peek Pes _Anferinus and Tota 
bona : in Englith,All-Good,and Good Henrie: in Cambridgthire it is called Good king Harry: 
the Germanes call it Guter Heinrick, of a certaine good qualitie it hath, as they alfo name a 
cettaine pernicious herbe, Malus Henricus, ox bad Henry. Itis taken for a kinde of Mercutie, 
Dut vnproperly, forthat it hath no participation with Mercuric,either in forme or quality,except 
yeewillcall euety herbe Mercuriewhich hath power toloofe the belly. 


G The Temperature. 
Bowes Hearicus,or Good Henrie is moderately hot and dry, clenfing and fcouring withall. 


@ The vertues, 


The leaues boiled with other pot-herbes and eaten,maketh the body foluble. 


pee IS 
The fame brufed and laid Ypon greene wounds, or foule and old vicers, doth {coure, mundifie B 
nd heale them, . Swi 


Ee Cuar, 


OF the Hiftorie of Plants. Litre. 


Car. 490 UF Spinach. 


Gq The Defcription. 


* 


Spinacia. 
Spinach. 


1 Pinach isa kinde of Blite,after fome; 
notwithftanding I rather take it fora 
kinde of Orach. It bringeth forth foft 

and tender Ieaues of a darke greene colour, full of | 
juice, {fharpe pointed, and in the largeft past or | 
neather end f{quare ; parted oftentimes: with a | 
deepegath oneither fide next to the flemme or | 
foot-ftalke : the ftalke is round, afoot high, bol- | 
low within : onthe tops of the branches ftand Jit. | 
tle floures in clufters,in whofe places doth grow a 

* prickly feed. The root confiftethof many fmall | 
threds. 

2 There isanother fort found inour gardens | 
like vnto the former in goodneffe,as alfo in fhape, | 
fauing that the leaues are not {0 great, nor fo) 
decpely gafht or indented : and the feed hath no » 
prickles atall, for which caufe it is called round | 
Spinach. 


_ The Place. 

It is fowne in gardens without any giteat labor : 

or indiftrie,and forfaketh not any ground being : 
but indifferent fertill. 


q The Time. 


It may be fowne almoft at any time of the: 
yeere, but being fowne in the {pring it quickly) 
< groweth vp, and commeth to perfection within: 
two moneths ; but that which is fowne in the fall of the leafe groweth not fo foone to perfection, 
yet continucth all the win terand feedeth prefently vpon the firft {pring. 

q The Names. me. 

It is called in thefe daies Spinachia:offome, Spinachenm olus : of others,Hifpanicem olits : Fuchfins 
nameth it xm-.a:the Arabians and Serapio callit Hifpane : the Germanes, ypinet ¢ in Englifhy 
Spinage and Spinach ; in French, E/pinas- 

@ The Nature. ; 
d degree, but rather moift. It is one of) 


almoft in the fecon 
almoft without tafte, and.theretore quickly defcen-) 


Spinach is euidently cold and moift ; 
the pot-herbes whofe fubftance is waterie,and 


deth and loofeth the bellie. 
q The Vertues. ae sree 
ittle orno nourifhment atall: itis fomething windie, and) 


des when it is young and tender. 


A It is eaten boiled, but it yeeldeth | 
ateft diuerfitie ofmeates: 


eafily caufeth a defire to vomit: it is vied in falla 
This herbe of all other pot-herbes and fallade herbes maketh the gre 


and fallades. 


TES Ea ——— ss 
. | 
Cuar.so.” Of Pellitorie of the wall. | 


@ The Defcription. 


Ellitoric of the wall hath round tender ftalkes fomewhat browne or reddifh of colour ana 
{omewhat fhining : the Ieaues be rough like to the Jeaues of Mercurie, nothing fnipt about 
the edges. The floures be fmall, growing clofe to the ftemmes:the feed isblacke and vert 

fmall,couered with a rough kuske which hangeth faft vpon garments: the root is fomewhay 


teddifh. «t 


raed 


: we Be 2. Of the Hittorie of Plants. - $24 


Partetaria. @ The Place. 

Tegroweth neete to old walls in themoift cor- 
ners of Churches and ftone buildings fong rub- 
bifh and fuch hke places. ‘ 

q| The Ti tee, 

Tt commeth vp in May :itfeedethin Tuly and 
Augutt :the root onely continueth and is to be 
found in Winter. 

@ The Names, 

Itis commonly called Parieraria,oy byacorrupt 
word Paritaria, becaule it groweth neere'towalls : 
and for the fame caufe it is named of diners Mur. 
lis: allo Muralinm of Pliny and Celfus:of the Gre- 
cians ag Thereis alfo another Helxine fyrnamed 
fampelos : {ome call it Perdicium . of Partridges 
which fomtimes feed hereon : fome, Vreeolaris,and 
Vitraria, becaufe it ferueth to feoure glafles, pip- 
kins, and fuch like :it is called in high- Dutch, 
‘Cag bud nacht sin Spanith, rerua del muro - in 
Englith, Pellitorie of thewall; in French 5 Parie- 
tare. 


G The Temperature. 
Pellitorie of the wall (as Galen {aith)hath force 
to fcoure,and is fomething cold and moitt. 


SS 


ee The Vertues., 
fy Mpg ‘ Pellitory of the wall boyled,and the deco&ion 
py OW / A ofitdrunken, helpeth fuch as are vexed with an 
IS SAGR - old cough, the etauell arid {tone , and is good a- 
Seg Ss gaint the difficultic of making water, and ft 
ASS ANS Sankt the arfhieultie of making water, anc ftop- 
CEL INN & ping of the fame, noronely inwardly,but alfo out- 


wardly applied vpon the region of the bladder, in 
manner ofa fomentation or warme bathing, with {punges or double clouts,or fuch like, 

Diofcorides faith, That the iuyce tempered with Cetufe or white leade maketh 4 good ointment 
againft Saint Anthonies fire and the Shingles : and mixed with the Cerot of Alcanna,orwith the 
male Goats tallow, it helpeth the gout in the feet: which Pliny alfoaffirmeth, Z76.2> ap.07. 

It is applied (faith he) to paines of the feet with Goats fuet and wax of Cyprus; where in ftead 
of wax of Cyprus there mutt be put the Cerot of Aleanna. 

Diofcorides addeth, That the iuyce hereof is a remedy for old coughs, and taketh away hot fwel- 
lings of the almonds in the throat,ifit be vfed ina gargarifine,or otherwife applied : it mitigateth 
alfo the paines of the eares, being poured in with oile ofRofes mixed therewith, 

Ttis affirmed, That if thtee-ounces of the iuyce be drunke it prouoketh vrine out of hand. 

The leaues tempered with oyle of fiweetalmonds in'manner ofa pulteffe,and laid to the pained 
‘parts, is a remedie for them that be troubled withthe ftone, and that can hardly make water. 


Curae. 51. Of French Mercurie. 


@ The Kindes. 


i Tere be two kindes of Mercury reckoned for good,and yet both fomtimes wilde befides two 
wilde neuer found in gardens, vnleffe they be brought thither. 


q The Defeription. 


i He male garden Mercurie hath tender ftalks full of ioints and branches,whereupon do 

i grow greene leaves like Pellitorie of the wall, but fnipt abourthe edges: among ft 

which come forth two hairy bullets round, and ioyned together like thofé of Gooie- 

Stafle or Cleucrs, each containing in it felfe one {mall round feed : theroot is tender, and fullof 
white hairy ftrings. 

2 The female is like vntothe former in leaues, ftalks,and manner of growing differias but in 

Ee 2 th 


om 


332 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L113. 2. 


the floures and feed : for this kinde hath a greater quantitie of floures and feed growing together 
like little clufters of grapes, ofa yellowith colour. The {eed for the moft part is loft before it can 


be gathered. 
1 Mercurialis mas, 2 Mercurialis famina. 
Male Mercurie. eee Female Mercurie. 


: on 5 
Vrerwrraty arrre xA_ 


DS Mpa 
2 Y, ie \ 
S [fs LTD 


= yy 
ZY fhs\ \ RRP 
aS Uhh 
4; 


Fresich Mercurie is fowen in Kitchen gardens among pot-herbes; in Vineyards, and in moift 
fhadowie places : I found it vnder the dropping of the Bifhops houfe at Rochefter; from whence 
I brought a plant or two into my garden, fince which time I cannot rid my garden from it. 

@| The Time. 

They floure and flourifh all the Sommer long. 

q The Names. 

Itis called in Greeke, anigos, and iput Comin, or Mercurie his herbe ;whereupon the Latines call it 
Mercurialis : it is called in Italian, Mercorella : in Englifh,French Mercurie : in French, Mercuriale, 
Vignoble, and Foirelle, quia Flusdam laxamuc alvum reddit, Gallobelga enim foire & foizeus ventris Flu- 
orem vocant . ' 

| The Temperature. 

Mercury is hot and dry, yet not aboue the fecond degree : it hath a cleanfing facultie, and (as 

Galen writerh) a digefting qualitie alfo, 
| The Vertues. 

A __Itisvfed in ourage inclifters,and thought very good to clenfe and fcoure away the excrements 
and other filth contained in the guts.It ferueth to purge the belly, being eaten or otherwife taken, 
voiding out of the belly not only the excrements, but alfo phlegme and choler. Diofcorédes repor- 
teth,that the decoétion hereof purgeth watcrifh humors. 

B The leaues ftamped with butter,and applied to the fundament,prouoketh tothe ftoole;and the 
herbe bruifed and made vp in manner of a peffary,cleanfeth the mother, and helpeth conception. 

C  _ Cofteus inhis booke of the nature of plants faith,that the iuyce of Mercurie,Hollihocks, 8 pur- 
flane mixed together,and the hands bathed therein,defendeth them from burning,if they be thruft 

intoboyling leade. : 

Chap. 


Lis: 2 


Cuar, 52, 


$ 1 Cynocrambe. 
Dogs Mereury?, ,. 


Cnn AX 


LON ae HEY / 
F J 
Hal YIM 
sree F 
i = 
bam \) 
it <\\ Via 


prremned . 


Of the Hiftory of Plants: $33 
Of Wilde Mercurie, 


T 2 Phyllon arrhenogonon fine marificum 
_ Malechildrens Mercury. j 


tz 
Wy, 
LZ 
SAQgyr 


SSiiPe 
SS 
a 


gq The Defiription: 


ft Ogs Mercurie is fomewhat like 
vnto.the garden Mercury, fauing 

the leaues hereofare greater, and 

the ftalke not fotender, and yet very brittle, 
growing to the height of a cubit, without 
any branches at all;with {imal yellow floures. 
The feed is like the female Mercurie. + Itis 
alfo found like the male Mercurie, as you fee 
them both expreft in the figure , and fo there 
is both male 8z female of this Mercury alfo.$ 

2 Maléchildrens Mercury hath three or 
foure ftalkes,or moe : the leaues be fomwhat 
long,not much vnlike the leaues of the oliue 
tree, couered Ouer with a foft downe or wool] 
gray of colour ; and the feed alfo like thofe 
of Spurge, growing two together, being fir 
ofan afh-colour,but after turne toa blew, 

# 3  Thisis muchin fhape like to the 
laft defcribed, but the ftalkesare weakeryand 
haue mote leaues vpon them , the floures alfo 
are fall and moffy,and they grow vpon long 
{talks,whereas the feeds of the other are faft- 
ned tovery fhortones:the feed is contained 
inround little heads, being fometimes two) 
otherwhiles three or more imaclufter, | +— 

Biaiaon a ; q The 


434 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lustel - 


a, The Place. 
They grow in woods and copfes, in the bordets of fields, and among buthes and hedges. + But 
the two lat defetibed are not in England; for any thing that I know. + 
The Dogs Mercurie I haue found in many places about Green-hithe, Swainef-combe village, 
Grauefend, and South-fleet in Kent , in Hampfted wood, and all the villages thereabout, foure 
miles from London. : 
| The Time, 
Thefe flourith all the Sommer long, yntill the extreame freft do pull them downe. 
{ a The Names, 
Dogs Mercurie is calledin Greeke, winetuén : in Latine, (Canina, and. Brafica Canina, and Mercue 
vialisfylveflris : in Englith, Dogs Cole, and Dogs.Mercury. 
Childrens Mercuty is called Phyllon thelyconoa,and Phyllon Arvhenozonon. 
q| The Temperature and V ertues. 
Thefe wilde kindes of Mercurie are not vfed in phyficke ;notwithftanding it is thought they 
agree as well in nature as qualitie with the other kindes of Mercury. 
ae ee It is reported by the Antients,that the male P4y4o conduces to the generation of boyes,and 
the female to girles. f 
B . AtSa lamantica they give and much commend the decoction of cither of thefe againft the bi- 
tings ofa mad dog. 
¢ | TheMooresat Granado vfe them frequently inwomens difeafes. + 


LT Thefigure of the Cyocrambe was omitted, and in ftcad thercof was put the figure of Phylon marificum- 


Cuar. 53. Of Torne-fole. 


1 Heliotropium maius. + 2 Heliotyopium minus. 
Great Torne-fole. Smali Torne-fole. 


@ The Kindes: 
Herebe foure forts of Torne-fole, differing one from another in many notable points; as in 
greatneffe and {mallnefic,in colour of floures,in forme and fhape. 


a The: 


Leask. | Of he Hiftory of Plants. 335 
ea The defcription, 
i He great Tornefole hath great ftraight ftalks couered witha white hairy cotton,efpe: 


cially about the top; the leaues are foft and hairy in handling, in thape like the leaues 
of Bafill: the floures grow at the top of the branches, in colour white, thicke toge- 
thet inrowes vpon one fide of the ftalke, which ftalke doth bend or turne backward like the taile 
ofa fcorpion: the root is {mall and hard. 


2 The fmall Tornefole hath many little and weake branches trailing vponthe gtound,where- 
upon doe grow fimall leaues, like thofe of the leffer Bafill. The floures doe grow without any cer- 
taine order, among {ft the leaues and tender branches, gtay of colour, witha little {pot of yellow 
in the middeft, the which turne into crooked tailes like thofe of the precedent, but not altoge- 
ther fo much, 

T 3 Heliotropium fupinim Clify & Lobely.  Hairie Tornefdle. 


4 Heliotropium Tricoccum} 3. Hairy Tornefolehath many feeble and 
Widowwaile Tornfole; weake branches trailing vpon the ground, fee 
with {mall leaues,leffer than the great Tornfole; 
of which it is akinde, hauing the feed in {mall 
chaffic husks,which doturne back like the taile 
ofa f{corpion, iuft after the manner of the firft 
defcribed. 

4 This kindeof Tornefole hath leaues very 
like to. thofe of the great Tornfole, but of a 
blacker greene colour:the floures be yellow,and 
vnprofitable; for they are not fucceeded by the 
fruit, but after them commeth out the fruit 
Hanging vpon {mall foor-ftalks three {quare,and. 
in euery corner there is a {mall feed like to thofe 
oftheTythimales;the root is {mall and threddy, 

| The Place, ; 

Tornfole, as Diofcorides faith , doth grow in 
fennie grounds and neete vnto pooles and lakes, 
They are ftrangers in Englandas yet: It doth 
grow about Montpelier in Languedock, where 
itis had in great vfe to ftaine and die clouts 
withall, wherewith through Europe meat ts.co- 
loured. x 

5 «| The Time. 

They flourifhefpecially inthe Sommer fol- 

ftice, or about the time when the fun entreth in- 


CLR 
VEN RD 
LD 
UE Cal 


‘ to Cancer, ' 
( 2 GF The Names. 
a: Rpt The Grecians cal] it Heliotropium : the La+ 
COS tines keepe thefe names, Heliotropium magnum, 


and 


336 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


mo Ona > 


and Scorpiurum : of Ruellius, HerbaCancri : itisnamed Heliotropinm, not becaufe is is turned about 


. at the daily motion of the fin, but by reafon it flowreth in the fommer folftice, at which time the 


fun being fartheft gone from the Aquino Giall circle,returneth to the fame:and Scorpiurum of the 
twiggie tops, that bow backeward like a {corpions taile: of the Italians, Tornefole bobo, in French, 
Tourafal : {ome thinke it to be HerbaClytie,into which the Poets feigne C/ytia to be metamorpho- 
fed ; whence one hath thefe verfes : e 
- Herbavelut Clytie femper petit obuia folem, 
Sic pia mens Chriftum, quo prece {pectet, habet. ‘ 


G The Nature, 
Tomfoleas Paulus eBgineta writeth, is hot and dry, and ofa binding faculty. 


@ The Vertes, 


Agood handfull of great Tornfole boyled inwine, and drunke, doth gently purge the body 
ofhot cholericke humours and tough clammie or flimie flegme. 

The fame boyled in wine and drunke is good againft the ftingings of Scorpions,or other veno- 
mous beatts, and is very good to be applyed outwardly vpon the griefe or wound. 

The feed ftamped and layd vpon warts and fuch like excrefcences,or fuperfluous out-growings, 
caufeth them to fall away. 


The {mall Tornefole and his feed boyled with Hyflope, Creffes, and falt-peterand drunke, dri- | 


ueth forth flat and round wormes. 


With the {mall Tornfole they in France doe die linnen rags and clouts intoaperfe& purple | 


colour, wherewith cookes and confeGtioners doe colour iellies, wines, meates, and fundry con- 
fe@ures : which clouts in fhops be called Tornfole, after the name of the herbe. 


+ The fecond and third figures were formerly tranpo fed : the fourth was the gure of the hairy Scorpion-griffe defcribed in thefourth place, in the fol 
flowing Chaprer- 


———--- 


Cuar.54: Of Scorpion Graffe. 


q The Defcription. 


z € Coipion graffe hath many fmooth, plaine, euen leaues, ofa darke greene colour; ftalks | 


fonall, feeble and weake, trailing vpon the ground, and occupying a great circuit in re- 


{pect of the plant. The floures grow vpon long and flender foot-ftalks,of colour yellow, | 


in fhape like to the floures.ofbroome ; after which fucceed long, crooked, rough cods, in fhape 
and colour like vnto a Caterpiller ; wherein is contained yellowifh feed like vntoa kidney in 
forme. The roote is fal] and tender - the whole plant perifheth when the feed is ripe. 

2 There isanother Scorpion graffe,found among(or rather refembling ) peafe and tares, and 
thereupon called Scorpioides Leguminofa, which hath fmall andtender roots like {mall threds : 
branches many, weake and tender, trailing vpon the ground, ifthere be nothing to take hold vp- 


onwith his clafping and crooked feed veffels; otherwife it rampeth vpon whatfoeuer is neere vnto | 
it. The leaues be fewe and {mall : the floures very little and yellow of colour:the feed-followeth, | 


little and blackifh, conteined in little cods, like vnto the taileofa Scorpion. 

3 There is another fortalmoft in euery fhallow grauelly running ftreame, hauing leaués like 
to Becabunga or Brooklime. The floures grow at the top of tender fat greene ftalkes, blew of co- 
lour, and fometimes witha fpot of yellow among the blew ; the whole branch of floures doe 
turne themfelues likewi fe round like the fcorpions taile. 

There is alfo another growing inwatrie places, with leaues like innto Avagallis aquatica, 
or water Chickweed, hauing like flender ftalkes and branches asthe former, and the floures not 
vnlike, fauing that the floures of this are of a light blew or watched colour, fomewhat bigger,and 
layd more open, whereby the yellow {pot is better feene. 

4, There is likewife another fort growing vpon moft dry grauelly and barren ditch bankes,with 


teaues like thofe of or Moufe-eare:this is called Myofotis (corpioides, it hath rough and hairy leaues, ” 


of an ouerworne ruffec colour : the floures doe grow vponweake, feeble, and rough branches, as is 
all the reft of the plant. They likewife grow for the moftpart vpon one fide of the ftalke, blew of 
colourywith a like little {pot of yellow as the others,turning themfelues backe againe like the taile 
of a Scorpion. 

There 


————— 


There is another of the land called eMyofotis Scorpioides ayn like the former : but the floures 
are thicker thruft together; and doe not gtow all vpon one fide ast he other, and part of the floures 
are blew, and part purple, confufedly mixt together. 

‘ q| The Place. 4 é igs, 

1,2 Thefe Scorpion graffes grow not wilde in England, notwithftanding I haue teceiued 
“feed of the firft from beyond the feas, and haue difperfed them through England, Which are 
efteemed of gentlewomen for the beauty and ftrangeneffe of the crooked cods refembling C4. 
terpillers. 

The others doc grow in waters and ftreames, as alfo on drieand barten bankes, 

q The Time, s. 
The fir floureth from May to the ehd of Auguft:the others I have found all the fommer long, 
The Names. 

+t 1 Fabius Columnaiudges this tobe the Clymenvn of Diofcorides : others call it Scorpivides, 
and Scorpiordes bupleuri folio. : 5 RE ees 

2 This is the Scorpioides of atatthiolus, Dod. Lobell, and others; and IT iudge it was this plant 
our Author in this place intended, and not the Scorpivides Leguminofa of the Aduerfaria, for that 
hath nota fewleaues,but maiyy vpon one tib,and befides, Dodonéws whom in defcriptions & hifto- 
ry our Author chiefely followes, defcribes this immediatly after the other : Guilandinws; Cef2ipi 
mus, and Baubine indge it tobe the Telephinm Of Diofcorides, : 

3 _ This and thenextwantno names, foralmoft euety writer hathgiuen them feuerall ones : 
Brunfelfius called it Cynoglofsa minor : Tragus, Tabernamontanys, and our Author (pace 537.0f the 
former edition ) hauie it vnder the name of Enphrafia Cerulea : Dodoneus cals it Scorpioides feemina : 
Lonicerus, Leontopodinm ; Cafalpinus, Heliotropiun minus in palaftrilus - Cordus and T halins, Echium 

aluftre. ; 

‘ 4 This is Auricula muris minor tertia; Euphrafiaquarta, and Pilofella [ylveftris of Tragus = Scér- 

Pioides mas Of Dodensus ; Alfine AMyofotis : and Myofotis hirfista repens of Lobell , Heliotropium minus 
alterum of Cefalpinus 3 Echinm minimum of Colimna,, and E chium paluftre alterum of Thalins:our Au- 
thour had it thrife : firft in the precedent chapter, by the name of Heliotropinm reclum, with a fi- 
gure : fecondly in this prefent chapter; without a figure ; and thirdly pag. 514. alfowitha figure 
vnderthe name of Pilofélla floreceruleo.t . 

q The Nature and Vertues, ; 

There is not any thing remembred of the tem perature: yet Diofcorides faith; that the lacues of 
Scorpion graffe applyed. 
likewife boyled inwineand drunke, preuaileth againft the faid bitings, as alfo of adders, fhakes, 
and fuch- venomous beats : being made in an vnguent with oile; wax, and a little gum Elemni, 
is profitable againft fuch hurts as require a healing medicine, 


Cuar: 55: Of Night/hade. 


| The Kindes, , 
Tier bediuers Nightthades, wheteof fome are of the garden ; and fome that loue the fields, 
and yeteuery ofthem found wilde ; whereof fome caufe fleepineffe euen vnto death : others 
caiife fleepineffe, and yet Phyficall : and others very profitable vato the health of man, as thal! be 

declared in their feuerall vertues, 
tae @ The Defcription. ees 

i G Arden Nightfhade hath round ftalkes a foot high,and full of branches, whereon dre 
fet leaues of ablackith colour, foft and fill] of iuice, in fhapelike to leaues of Baftll; 


€ floures ¢ he leafe, fomewhat long and of a pale 
-olour,diuided into foure parts, which are fucceeded by feeds contained in hairy or woolly Tecep- 
acles: which when'they come to tipeneffé are red, or ofa réddith faffron colour, i 
© 
This Night(hade commeth ¥p inmatly places, and not only in gardens, of which not withitan. 
: d ing 


oes 


to the place, isa prefent remedy againft the ftinging of Scorpions sand sg 


338 ; Of the Hiftorie of Plants. — ~ oipe2 


1 Scorpioides Buplenri folio, Pena & L’Obely. + 2 Scorpioides Matthiolt, 
Scorpion graffe, or Caterpillers. Matthiolus his Scorpion graffe, 


| 3 Myofatis corpioides paluftris, 4 Myofotes feorpioides aruenfis hirfuta, 


5 a « : . _ = 
WYater Scorpion grafle, Moufe-eare ecuy grafle, 


Wyose tes Storpioids. d. hebustrs we Vay otis Scorboides O 


iS Saeees oS Se 


ding it hath taken his furname, and in which it is often found growing with other berbes ; but al- 
fo neere common high waies, the borders of fields, by old walls and ruinous places. 
#2 This growesnot with vs, but in hotter Countries Clufiws found it growing among rub- 


bith at Malago in Spaine. + 


1 Solanum Hortenfe. 2h Sete i ie 
Garden Night(hade. Phy bali leepig Nightthade. 
bRanrnnn  Wniagnu1i.— ¥ SOM WANA 

8 * Uy, Sp 


Sy 
bs 


YONG OZ, 
HN 4 


@ TheTime, 

Tr flowreth in Sommer, and oftentimes till Autumne bewell {pent ; and then the fruit coms 
meth to ripeneffe. ; 

+ 2 This Clufivs found in flower and with the feede ripe in Februarie 3 for it liveth many 
yeares in hot Countries,but in cold it is but an annuall. + 

q The Names, 

It is called of the Gracians z+: of the Latines,So/anum,and Solanum Hortenfé sin fhops,Sold. 
trum: ot {ome, Morella, va Lupina, and Vua Vulpis : in Spanith likewife, Morellaand Yerud Mora Z 
Marcellus anold Phificke writer,and diuers others of his time called it Strumum « Plinie in his 
27.booke chap.8.fheweth that it is called Cucubalws : both thefewords are likewife extant in U#- 
puleius among the confufed names of Nightthade , who comprehending all the kindes of Night- 
fhade together in one chapter;being fo many,hath ftrangely & abfurdly confounded their names. 


InEnglith itis called Garden Nightfhade,Morel,and Petie Morell:in French, Morelle Gallobeleis: 
feu ardent : quiamedctur igni facro, 
| The Temperature. ee 

Nightthade(as Galen faith in his booke of the facultiesof fimple medicines)is vfed for thofe 
infirmities that haue need of cooling and binding ; for thefe two qualities ithath in the fecond 
degree : which thing alfo hee affirmerh in his booke of the faculties of nouri fhments, where hee 
faith that there isno pot-herbe which wee vie toeat that hath fo great aftrition or binding as 
Nightthade hath,and therefore Phyfitions do worthily vfe it,and that feldomeasa nourifhment, 
but alwaies as a medicine, q The Vertues, 

I Diofcorides writeth, that Nightthade is good againft S. Anthonies fire, the fhingles,oaine 4. 
of the head,the heart burning or heat of the ftomacke,and other like accidents proceediug of tharo 
and biting humours. Notwithfanding that it hath thefe vertues,yet it isnot alwaies good hat it 
hould be applied vato tho’e infirmities, for that many times there hapneth more dangers by ap. 

plying 


t 


eo} 


. 340 ” OF the Hiftory of Plants. bet 


oe an <P a 


plying ofthefe remedies, than of the difeafe it felfe:for as Hippocrates writeth in the 6.book of his 
Aphorifmes, the 25.particular, that it isnot good, that S$. Anth onies fire (Eould be driven from 
the outward parts to the inward. And likewife in his Progrofticks he faith, that it isneceflary thag 
S.Anthonies fire {hould breake forth, and that it is death to haue it driven in ; Which is tobe vn- 
derftood not onely of S. Anthonies fire, butalfo of other like burftings out procured. by nature, 
For by vfing of these kindes of cooling and repelling medicines, thebad, corrupt,and fharpe hu- 
mors are driuen backe'inwardly to the chiefe and principall parts, which cannot be donewithout 
great danger and hazard of life. And therefore we muft notv naduifedly,lightly,or rafhly minifter 
{uch kinde of medicines vpon the comming out of Saint Anthonies fire, the fhingles,or fuch hor 
pimples and blemithes of the skinne. ; 

The ivice of the greene leaues of Garden Nightfhade mixed with Barley meale, is very profi- 
tably applied vnto Saint Anthonies fire, and to all hot inflammations. : 

The iuice mixed with oile of Rofes,Cerufe, and Littarge of gold, and applied,is more proper 
and effeGuall to the purpofes before fet downe. Lom 

+ Neither the inice heereof, nor any other part is vfually giuen inwardly, yet it may without 
any danger. : ; 

The leaues ftamped are profitably put into the ointment of Popler buds, called Vinguentum po-~ 
peleon,and it is good in all other ointments made for the fame purpofe. . 

+ 2  Thebatke ofthe root of Sleepie Nightfhade,taken in the weight of 5 r.hath a fomni- 
ferous qualitie; yet is it milder then Opimm,and the fruit thereof vehemently prouokes vrine.But 
(as Pliny faith) the remedies hereofare not of fuch efteeme that we fhould long infift vpon them, 
efpecially feeing wee are furnifhed with fuch ftore of medicines leffe harmefull, yet feruing for 
the fame purpofe. $ 


+The Figure in the feeond place was of the Solanum Pomiferum, or Mala «2 thiopica, treated of at large in the 6 1.Chap of thisBooke, and therefore it is omits 
redhere : and in ftead thereo fanother putin the place. 


Cuar.56. Of fleepy Night/ha 2, 
Solanum Lathale, 


Dwale,or deadly Nightfhade. q] The Defeription. 
Or ofp ou 4 elo clon. 


Wale or fleeping Nightfhade hath 
round blackith ftalkes fix foor high, 
wherupon do grow great broad leaues 
ofa darke greene colour; among which doe 
grow fall hollow flowers bel fafhion,ofan 
ouerworne purple colour; in the piace wher- 
of come forthgreatround berries of the big= 
neffe of the blacke cherry,creene at the firft, 
but when they be rine of the colorofblack 
iette or burnifhed horne,foft and full of pur- 
le iuice: among which iuice lie the feeds 
Tike the berries of Iuy:the root is very great) 
thicke, and long lafting. 
The Place. 

It groweth in vntoiled places neere vnto 
high waies and the fea marfhes, and fuch 
like places. 

It groweth very plentifully in Holland in 
Lincolnfhire,and in the Ie of Ely ata place 
called Walfoken,neere vnto Wisbitch. 

Hound it growing without the gate of 
Highgate neere vntoa pound or pinfold on ” 
the left hand. 


The Time. 
This flourifheth all the Sommer and 
Spring, beareth his feed and flower in Iuly 
and Auguft. 
@ The Names, 
It is called of. ‘Diofcorides, epingce vorramms OF Theophr afh ss. epinere Saree of the Latines, Solanum 
3 fomniferum, 


j eping Nightfhade ; and Solanum lethale,or deadly Nightthade ; and Solanum ma- 
eet a ae fome, Apollinaris minor viticana,and Herba Opfago: in Englith, Dwale, 
or fleeping Nightihade : the Venetians and Italians call it Bella dona : the Germanes,Dolltonrts; 
the low Dutch, Bulle befien 3 in French, Atorelle mortelle : itccommeth very neere vato Theophra. 
(us his Mandragoras,(which differeth from Déofcorides his Mandragoras.) 

, q The Nature. 


Tt is cold euen in the fourth degree. 
The Vertues. 

“This kinde of Night(hade caufeth fleep,troubleth the minde, bringeth madneffe ifa few of the 
Derries be inwardly taken,but if moe be giuen they alfo kill and bring prefent death. Theophraft is 
inhis 6. booke doth likewife write of Mandrake in this manner ; Mandrake caufeth fleepe,and if 
alfo much of irbetaken it bringeth death. 5 

The greene leaues of deadly Nightfhade may with great aduice be vied in fuch cafes at Petti- 
mortell: but if youwill follow my counfell, dealenot with the fame in any cafe, and banith it 
from your gardens and the vie of it alfo,being a plant fo furious and deadly ; for it bringeth fuch 
as haue eaten thereofinto a dead fleepe wherein many haue died,as hath been often feen and proo- 
ued by experience both in England and elfewhere. But togiue youanexample heeréofir fhall 
not be amifle : It came to paffé that three boyes of Wisbich in the Ile of Ely did eate of 
the pleafant & beautifull fruite hereof, twowhereof died in leffe than eight houres after that they 
had eaten of them. The third child hada quantitie of bony and water mixed together giuen him 
todrinke, caufing him to vomit often : God bleffed this meanes and the child recouered. Banith 
therefore thefe pernicious plants out of your gardens, and all places neere to your houfes, where 
children or women with child do refort, which do oftentimes long and luft after things moft vile 
and filthiesand much more after a berry ofa bright thining blacke colour,and of fuch great beau- 
tie,as it were able to allure any fuch to eate thereof. seca ; 

The leaues heereof laid vnto the temples caufe fleepe, efpecially if they be imbibed or moifte- 
ned in wine vineger.Iteafeth the intolerable paines of the head-ache proceeding of heate in furi~ 
ous aguies,caufing reft being applied as aforefaid, 


Cua v.57. Of winter (berries. 
q] The Defiription. 


i ee ted winter Cherrie bringeth forth ftalkes a cubit long, round, flender, fmooth, and 
fomewhat reddith,reeling this way and that way by reafon of his weakeneffe,not able 
to ftand vprichtwithout a {ipporter : whereupon do grow leaues not vnlike to thofe of common 
Nightthade,but greater ; among which leaues come forth white floures,confifting of fiue final] 
feaues : in the middle of which leaues ftandeth out aberry, greene at the firft, and red when it is 
Tipe,in colour of our common Cherry and of the fame bigneffe,inclofed ina thinne huske or little 
bladder, it is ofa pale reddith colour, inwhich bertie is conteined many {mall flat feeds ofa pale 
colour. The rootes be long, not vnlike to the rootes of Couch-graffe, ramping and creeping 
within the vpper cruft of the earth farre abroad, whereby it encreafeth greatly, ‘ 

2 The blacke winter Cherrie hath weake and flender ftalkes fomewhat crefted, and like vnto 
the tendrels of the vine, cafting it felfe all about,and taketh hold of fuch things as are next vnto 
it :whereupon ate {et jagged. leaues deepely indented or cut about the edges almoft to the middle 
ribbe, The floures be very {mall and white ftanding vpon long foote-ftalkes or ftemmes. The 
skinnic bladders fucceed the floures, parted into three fells or chambers, euery of the which 
conteineth one feed and no more, of the bigneffe of a fmall peafe, and blacke of colour, ha- 
Mung a marke of white colour vpon each berric, in proportion of arheart. The roote is very {mall 
and threddie. 

@ The Place. 
i , pon old broken walls,about the borders of fieldes, and in 
moift fhadowie places,and in moft gardens, where fomecherith it for the beautie of the berries, 
and others for the grcat and worthy vertues thereof. 

2 The blacke winter Cherrie is brought out of Spaine and I taly, or other hot regions, from 
whence I haue had of thofe blacke feeds marked with the fhape ofa mans hart,white, as aforefaid: 
indhaueplanted them in my garden where they haue borne floures,but haue perifhed before the 
Tuitcould grow to matu titie, by reafon of thofe vnfeafonable yeeres, 1594.95. 96, 


Ee q The 


The red winter Chetrie growethy 


B. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 341 | 


A 


34.2 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz.2. 


The Time. 
Thered winter Cherrie beareth his floures and fruite in Auguft. 
The blacke beareth them at the fame time, where it doth naturally grow. 
@ The Names. 

The red winter Cherrie is called in Greeke, 2v@- : in Latine,Veficaria,and Solanum V eficarium : 
in thops, Alkekengi - Plinie inhis 21. booke nameth it Halicacabus and Veficaria, of the little blad- 
ders : or as the fame Author writeth, becaufe it is good for the bladder and the ftone: itis called 
in Spanith, Yexiga de porro : in French, Alquequenges, Bagenauldes, and Cerifes d’outre mer: in Eng- 


lifh, red Nightfhade, W inter Cherries,and Alkakengic. 


1 Solanum Halicacabum. ‘ 2 Halicacabum Peregrinum, 


Red winter Cherries. Sie atid Blackewinter Cherries. 
LC giay (taba AA Uap ru ania 


ah, QYZ 


The blacke winter Cherrie is called Aalacacabum Pereg rinum,¥ eficaria Peregrina,OY ftrange winter |} 
Chetrie: of Pena and Lobel it is called, Cor Indum, Cor Indicum : of others,Pifur» Cordatum - in Eng=\ 
lifh,the Indian heart,or heart peafe:fome haue taken it to be Dorycnion, but they are greatly decei- | 
ued, being in truth notany of the Nightfhades, it rather feemeth to agree with the graine named | 
of Serapio, Abrong,or Abrugi, of which he writeth inhis 153.chapter in thefe words : It is alittle 
graine {potted with blacke and white,round, and like the graine Maiz,with which notes this doth | 


agree. 


a The Temperature. 


Theredwinter Cherrie is thought tobe cold and drie,and of fubtile parts. 
The leaues differ not fromthe temperature of the garden Nightthade,as Galen faith. 
q The Vertues, 

The fruite brufed and put to infufe or fteepe in whitewine two or three houres, and after bot | 
led two or three bublings, {training it,and putting tothedecoiona little fugar and cinnamon, , 
and drunke, preuaileth very mightily againft the ftopping of vrine, the ftone and grauell,the diffi- | 
cultie and fharpenes of making water,and firch like difeafes : ifthe griefe be old, the greater quan- | 
tity muft be taken ; ifnew and not great, the leffe : it {coureth away the yellow jaundife alfo,as i 


fome write. 


Chap- 


| 


5 


! 


Iss 2. | Of he Hiftory of Plants. 343 


Cuar.58. Of the Maruell of the World. 


Mirabilia Peruniana flore luteo. £ Mirabilia Peruuiana flore albo, 5 
The maruell of Peru with yellowith floures, The maruell of Peruwith white floures} 


LS 


The defcription. 
His admirable plant called the maruell of Peru, or the maruell of the World, fpringeth foith 


he ground like vnto Bafill in leaues ; amongftwhich it fendeth outa ftalke two cubits 


Janda halfe high, ofthe thickenefle ofa finget ; full of iuice, very firme, and of a yellowifh gteene 


jcolonur, knotted or kneed with ioints fomewhat bunching forth,of purplith color,as in the female 
WBalfamina : which ftalke diuideth it felfe into fundrie branches or boughes, and thofe alfo kno#- 
Itielike the ftalke. His branches are decked with leaues 
the leaues of wilde Peafcods, greene; flefhic,and full of iointsswhich beeing rubbed doe yeeld the 
jlikevnpleafant fmellas wilde Peafcods doe, and 


growing by couples at the ioints like 


ate in tafte alfo verie vnfauorie, yet in the latter 


lend they Ieaue a tafte and fharpe fmacke of Tabaco. The ftalkes towards the top are garnifhed 


till eight of the clocke the next morning : at which time the 
‘he manner of the Bindeweede)efpecially ifthe weather be 


perate they remaine open the whole day,and areclofed onely at night, and fo perifhjone flower la- 


with long hollow fingle flowers, folded, as it wete,into fue parts before they be opened ; but be- 
ing fully blowne doe tefemble the flowers of Tab 

and round as the flowers of Bindeweede, and larg 
jtimes with a fine purple or Crimfon colour; many times of an horfe- 
fometime pale, and fometime refembling an old red or yellow colour 
jnoft commonly two colours occupying halfe the flower, or intercourfine 


aco, not ending into fharpe corners, but blunt 
er than the flowers of Tabaco, glittering often- 
fleth; fometime yellow ; 
; fometime whitifh, and 
g the whole flower with 


teakes and orderly ftreames, now yellow,now purple, diuided through the whole ; hauing fome- 
“ime great,fometime little {pots ofa purple colour, fprinkled and feattered in amoft variable of- 
terand braue mixture. The ground or field of the whole flo 
ontaining in the middle of the hollownefle 
rings or chiues. The flowers are vetic’ fw 
Daffodil, and are very fuddenly fading , 


wer is either pale,red,yellow,or white, 
a pricke or pointell fetround about with fixe {mall 
eet and pleafant, refembling the Narciffe or white 
; for atnight they are flowred wide Open,and fo continue 
y beginne to clofe or hut vp(after 
very hot : but ifthe aire be more teme 


£2 fting 


vi Of the Hiltorie of Plants. Lip. 2. 


fting but onely one day, like the true Ephemerum or Hemerocallis. This maruellous varietie doth _ 
not without caufe bring admiration to all that obferue it. For ifthe flowers be gathered and re 
ferued in feuerall papers, and compared with thofe flowers that will {pring and flourith the next 
day, you fhall eafily perceiue that one is not like another in colour, though you fhould compare 


one hundreth which Hower one day, and another hundyed which you gathered the next day ; and 


fo from day to day during the time of their flowring. The cups and huskes which containe and — 
embrace the flowers arediuided into fiue pointed feétions,which are greene,and,as it were, confi- 
fting of skinnes,wherein is contained one {eede and no more, couered with a blackifh skinne, ha- 
uing a blunt point whereon the flower groweth ; but on the end next the cup or huske itis ador- 
ned witha little fiue cornered crowne. The feed is as bigge as a pepper corne, which of it felfe 
fadeth with any light motion. Within this feede is contained a white kernell,which being brui- 
fed,refolueth into a very white pulpe like ftarch. The root is thickeand likevnto a greatradith, | 
outwardly blacke,and within white,tharpe in tafte,wherewith 1s mingled a {uperficiall fweetnes. 
Itbringeth new floures from Iuly vnto Oéober in infinite number, yea even vatill the frofts doe | 
caufe thewhole plant to perith : notwithftanding it may be referued in pots, and fet in chambers 
and cellars that are warme, and fo defended from the iniurie of our cold climate ; prouided als} 
waies that there be not any water caft vpon the pot, or fet forth totakeany moifture inthe aire vn. | 
till March following ; atwhich time it muft bee taken forth of the pot and replanted in the 
garden. By this meanes I haue preferued many (though to {mall purpofe) becaufe I haue fowne | 
feeds that haue borne flonres inas ample manner and inas good timeas thofe referued plants. 

Of this wonderfull herbe there be other forts, butnot foamiable or fo full of varietie, and for 
the moft part their floures are all of one color.But I haue fince by praétife found out another way / 
to keepe the roots for the yeare following with very little difficultie,which neuer faileth. At the 
firft froft I dig ypthe rootes and put vp or rather hide the roots in a butter ferkin,or fuch like vef- . 
fell, filled with the fand ofa riuer,the which I fuffer (ill to ftand in fome corner ofa houfe where ° 
it neuer receitteth moifture vntill Aprill or the midft of March, if the weather bewarme;at which 
time I take it from the fand and plantit in the garden,where it doth flourifh exceeding well and 
increafeth by roots; which that doth not which was either fowne of feed the fame yeare,nor thofe » 
plants that were preferued after the other manner. 

q The Place. 

The feed of this ftrange plant was brought firft into Spaine, from Peru, whereof it tooke his } 
name Mirabilia P ervana, Or Peruuiana : and fince difperfed into all the parts of Europe : the which 1 
my felfe haue planted many yeares, and haue in fome temperate yeares receiued both floures and | 
ripe feed. } 


@ The Time. 


It is fowne in the midft of Aprill,and bringeth forth his variable floures in September,and pe-- 
rifhethwith the firft froft,except itbe kept as aforefaid. : 
a The Names. 

It is called in Peru of thofe Indians there, Hachal.Of others after their name Hachal Indi : of the 
high and low Dutch, Solanum Odoriferum : of fome,lafminum mexicanum : and of Carolus Clufius y 
Admirabilia Peruniana: in Englith rather the Maruell ofthe World,than of Perualone. — 


@| The Nature andVertwes, 


We haue not as yet any infitudtions from the people of India concerning the nature or vertues ; 
of this plant: thewhichis efteemedas yet rather for his rareneffe, beautie, and {weerneffe of his; 
floures,than for any vertues knowne,but it is a pleafant plant to decke the gardens of the curious. | 
Howbeit facobus Antonius Cortu(us of Paduahath by experience found out, that two drams of the - 
root thereof taken inwardly doth very notably purge waterifh humours, 


Cuar.59s Of Madde Apples. 


; @ The Defcription. 
Aging Apples hatha round ftalke of two foot high, diuided into fundry branches, fet with | 
broad leaties fomewhat indented about the edges, notvnlike the leaues of white Henbane;: 
ofa darke browne greene colour, fomewhat rough. Among the which come the floures: 
of) 


| Lae rv Of the Hiftory of Plants; | 345 


efawhite colour, and fome timeschanging into putple,made of fix parts, wide open like a ftarre 
with certaine yellow chiues or thrums in the middle, which beeing paft the fruit commeth in 
place, fet inacornered cup or huske after the manner of the great Nightfhade, great and fomea 
| what long,of the bignefle ofa {wans egge,and fomtimes much greater,ofa white color,fometimes 
| yellow, and often browne, wherein is contained {mall flat feed of a yellow colour, The root is 
thicke, with many threds faftned thereto. 


i 


Malainfana. 
Madde or raging Apples, 


q The Place. 


This plant groweth th Egypt almoft euery 
where in fandie fieids euen of it felfe, bringing 
forth fruit of the bigneffe of a great Cucumber, 
as Petrus Bellonivs reporteth in the fecond booke 
of his fingular obferuations. 

Wee had the fame in our London Gardens, 
where it hath borne floures; but the Winter ap- 
proching before the time of ripening, itperithed: 
notwithftanding it came to beare fruit of the 
bignefleofa goofe egge one extraordinarie tem- 
perate yeare,as I did fee in the garden ofawot- 
fhipfull Merchant M*. Haruée in Limeftteet, but 
heuer to the full ripeneffe. 

@| The Time. 

This herbe muftbe fowne in Aprill in abed 
ofhot horfedoung, as Muske-Melons are, and 
floureth in Auguft. 

@ The Names. 

Petrus Bcllonius hath indged ittobee Malina. 
thalla T heophraffi. ln the Dukedome of Millaine 
itis called Aelongena : and of fome, MelanXana : 
in Latine, Mala infana : and in Englifh;Mad Ap- 
ples -in the Germaine tongue, Bollopfel: In 
Spanith,Verangenes. 

qj The Nature. 


ty a x = =‘ The hearbe is cold almoft inthe fourth de- 


@ Thevfe and danger. 
| _ The pgople of Tolledodo eat them with great deuotion being boiled with fat fleth, putting 
thereto fome f{craped cheefe, which they dokeepe invineger, honie,or falt pickell all Winter to 
procure luft. : 
| _ Petrus Bellonius, and Hermolaus Barbarus, teport that in Egypt and Barbary they vfe toeatthe B 
| fruit of mala infana boiled or rofted vnder athes,with oile, vineger, & pepper, as people vfe to eat 
Mutfhroms. But I rather with Englifh mento content themfelues with the meat and fauce ofour 
owhe Counttey than with fruit and fauce eaten with fuch perill : for doubtleffe thefe apples haue 
}a mifchieuous qualitie, the vfe whereof is vtterly to be forfaken. Andas wee fee and know many 
shave eaten and doc eat Mufhroms more for wantonneffe than for nced : for there are two kindes 
thereof venemous and deadly,which being in the handling ofan vnskilful cooke,may procure vn- 
timely death. Therefore it is better to eteeme this plant and haue him in the Garden for your 
pleafure and the rareneffe threof, than for any vertue or good qualities yet knowne. 


A 


As 


= ee hs 


Cuar. 60. Of eApples of Lone. 


@| The Defcription. 


aL The Apple of Loue bringeth forth vety long round ftalkes or branches, fat and full of iuice, 
trailing vpon the ground, not able to fuftaine himfelfe vpright by reafonof the tendernefle 
Of the ftalkes, and alfo the great weight of the leaues and fruit wherewith itis furcharged. 
the leaues are great and deeply cut or lagged about the edges, not vnlike to the leaues of Agri- 
Mony,but greater,and of a whiter gteene colour:among which come forth yellow floures growing 

Ef 3 : vpon. 


~~ OF the Hiftorie of Planes. ee 


vpon flort ftems or foot ftalks,cluftering together in bunches : which being fallen,there do come 


in place faire and goodly apples, chamfered,vneuen, and bunched out in many places ; of a bright 
fhining red colour,and the bignefle ofa goofe egge or a large pippin. The pulpe or meat is verie 
fullof moifture, foft, reddifh, and of the fubftance ofa wheat plumme. The feed is fmall, flat and 
tough: the root {mall and threddie : the whole Plant is of aranke and ftinking fauour. 

There hath happened vnto my hands another fort, agreeing very notably with the former,as 
well in leaues and ftalkes as alfo in floures and roots, onely the fruit hereofwas yellow of colour, 


wherein confifted the 


difference. 


Poma Amoris. 


Apples of Loue. 


NS 


den, the which (notwi 


thf{tanding the extreme he 


@| The Place. 


Apples of Loue grow in Spaine, Italie, and 


fuch hot Countrics, from whence my felfe haue | 


receiued feeds for my garden,where they do in- 
ereafe and profper. 


q The Time. 

It is fowne in the beginning of Aprill ina 
bed of hot horfe dung,after the maner of musk 
Melons and fuch like cold fruits. 

| The Names. 
The Apple of Loue is called in Latine Po- 


mum Aureum, Poma Amoris,and Lycoperficum : of 
fome, Glaucinm : in Englith, Apples of Loue, | 
and Golden Apples:in French,Pommes d’amours. | 
Howbeit there be other golden Apples whercof : 
the Poets doe fable,growing in the Gardens of | 


the daughters of Hefperus,which a Dragon was 

appointed to keepe,who,as they fable,was killed 

by Hercules. 
q| The Temperature, 

The Golden Apple, with the wholeherbe it 

felfe is cold, yet not fully fo cold as Mandrake, 


after the opinion of Dodonens But in my iudge- - 
ment it isvery cold, yea perhaps in the higheft ; 
degree of coldnefle:my reafon is,becaufe I haue / 
in the horteft time of Sommer cut away the fu- . 
perfluous branches from the mother root, and | 
caft them away carelefly in the allies of my gar- . 


at of the Sun,the hardnefle of the trodden allies, 


and at that time when no raine at all did fall) haue growne as frefh where I caft them, as before I 
did cut them off ; which argueth the great coldneffe contained therein, True it is,chat it dothar- | 


gue alfoa great moifture wherewith the plant is poffeffed, but as I haue faid,not without great ; 


cold,which I leaue to euery mans cenfure, 


A falt,and oile: but they yeeld very littlenourifhmentto the bodie, and the fame nought and cor- . 


rupt. 


Likewife they doe eat the Apples with oile, vineger and pepper mixed together for fauce to ) 


@ The Vertues. 
In Spaine and thofe hot Regions they vfe tocat the Apples prepared and boiled with pepper, 


their meat,euen as we in thefe cold Countries doe Mutftard. 


— — 


CHuaP: Of 


Of the Zthiopian cA pple. 


@| The Defcription. 


T He Apple of Athiopia hath large leaves of a whitith greene calour,deepely indented about 
the edges, almoft to the middle rib ; the which middle rib is armedwith a few fharpe pric: - 
kles, The floures be white,confifting of fix {mal leaues,witha certain yellow pointel in the midft. 


The: 


ti 


| Liss 2 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 34.7 


Mala Aithiopica, The fruit is round , and bunched with yneuen 
| Apples of Athiopia. lobes or batikes Jefler than the golden Apple, of 
colour red, and of a firme and follid {ub ftance 
wherein are contained {mall flat feeds. The root 
is fmalland threddy. 
g The Place. 

The feeds of this plant haue beéne broughe 
vinto ys out of Spaine, and alfo fent into France 
and Flanders : but to what perfeGion it hath 
come vnto in thofe parts I am ignorant, but 
mine perifhed at the firft approch of Winter, 
His firft original was from Aithiopia, whereof it 
tooke his name, 


qq The Time. 

This Plant muft be fowen as Muske-Mclons, 
and at the fame time. They floure in Iuly , and 
the fruit is ripe in September. 

The Names; 

In Englifhwee haue thought good to call it 
the Zthiopian Apple, for the reafon before al- 
ledged:in Latine, Mala eAithiopica: of fome it 
hath been thought tobe Malinathalla. $ Thisis 
the Solanum pomiferum of Lobel and others ; by 
which fame our Author alfo formerly had it; in 
the fiftieth chapter of the former edition. + 

@ The Nature. 

The temperature agreeth with the Apple of 

Loue. ~ 
@ Thevertues. 

Thefe Apples arenot vfed in phyficke that I 
canreade of , onely theyare vied fora fauceand 
feruice vnto rich mens tables to be eaten, being 
firft boyled in the broth of fat flefhwith pepper and falr, and hauea leffe hurtfullinyce than ei- 


ther mad apples or golden Apples. 


Crav. 62. Of Thornie-cA pples. 


@| The Defiription. : 
I He ftalkes of Thorny-apples are oftentimes abouea cubit and a halfe high, feldome 
higher, an inch thicke, vpright and ftraight, hauing very few branches, fometimes 
noneatall, but one vpright {temme , whereupon doe grow leaues fmooth and cuen, 
little or nothing indented about the edges, longer and broader than the leaues of Night-fhade, or 
ofthe mad Apples. The floures come forth of long toothed cups, great, white of the forme of a 
bell, or like the floures of the great Withwinde that rampeth inhedges ; but altogether greater 
and wider at the mouth, fharpe cornered at the brimmes, with certaine white chiues or threds in 
the middeft, ofa ftrong ponticke fauour, offending the head when it is {melled vnto:-in the place 
of the floure commeth vp round fruit full of fhort and blunt prickles, of the bigneffe of a greene 
Wall-nut when it is at the biggeft,in which are the feeds of the bignefle of tares or of Mandrakes, 
and ofthe fame forme. The herbe it felfe is ofa ftrong fauoryand doth ftuffe the head,and cauféth 
drowfineffe. The root is {mall and threddy. 

2 There is another kinde hereof altogether greater than the former,whofe feeds I receiued of 
the right honorable the Lord Edward Zouch , which he brought from Conftantinople , and of his 
liberalitie did beftow them vpon me,as alfo many other rare 8 ftrange feeds-and it is that Thorn- 
apple that { haue difperfed through this land, whereof at this prefent I haue great vfe in Surgery, 
as well in burnings and fcaldings,as alfo in virulent and maligne vIcers,apoftumes,and fuch like. 
The which plant hath a very great ftalke in fertile ground, bigger thana mans,arme, fmooth, and 
gteene of colour, which a littleaboue the ground diuideth it felfe into fundry branches or armes; 


inmanner of an hedge tree ; whereuponare placed many great leaues cut and indented deepely 
; abour - 


34.8 Of the Hiftory of Plants. L122. 


about the edges, with many vneuen fharpe corners : among thefe leaues come white round floures” 
made of one piece in manner ofa bell, fhutting it felfe vp clofe toward night, as-do the floures of 
the great Binde-weed,whereunto it is very like, of a fweet fimell, but fo ftrong, that it offends the 
fences. The fruit followeth round,fometimes ofthe fafhion of an egge, fet about on euerie part 
with moft fharpe prickles ; wherein is contained very much feed of the bigneffe of tares,and of the 
fame fafhion. Theroot isthicke, made of great and {mall ftrings the whole plant is fowen, bea- 
reth his fruit, and perifheth the fame yeare. + There are are fome varieties of this plant,in the 
colour and doubleneffe of the floures. + 


1 Stramonium Pevegrinum. 2 Stramoninm fpinofem, 
The Apple of Peru. — Thorny Apples of Peru, 
© Bo AN OL Stash otancal 


q The Place. 


1 This plant is rare and ftrange as yet in England : I receiued feeds thereof from Iohn Robin of 
Paris, an excellent Herbarift ; which did grow and bare floures, but perifhed before the fruit came 
toripeneffe. 

2 The Thorne-apple was brought in feed from Conftantinople by the right honourable the 
Lord Edward Zouch,and giuen vnto me,and beareth fruit and ripe feed. 

q The Time. 
The firft is to be fowen in a bed of horfe-dung, as we docucumbers and Muske-melons. 
The other may be fowen in March or Aprill,as other feeds are. ..** 
@ The Names. E 

The firft of thefe Thorne-apples miay be called in Latine, Stramonia, and Pomim, or Malum pie 
nofume - of (ome, Corona regia, and Melofpinum : The Grecians of our time-tdime it mepéaxen», Or rather 

Esperxdexaior s aS though they fhould fay, a nut ftuffing, and caufing drowfineffe and difquier fleepes 
the Italians, Paracoculi : it feemeth to Valerius Cordus tobe Hyofcyamus Pernvianus, ot Henbane of 
Peru: Cardanus doubteth whether it fhould be inferted among the Night-fhades as a kinde there- 
of: of Matthtolas and others it is thought tobe Nux methel - Serapio,cap.375 faith, That Nux methel 
is like vato Nuxvomica , the feed whereofis like that of Mandrake : the huske is rough or fullof 
prickles ; the tafte pleafing and ftrong ; the qualitie thereof is cold in the fourth degree. Which 
defeription agrecth herewith, except in the forme or fhape it fhouldhaue with Nwx vormica : An- 

guillara fufpeceth it to be Hippomanes which Theocritus mentioneth, wherewith in his fecond Eclog 

he 


©: Loapeizg Of che Hittoris of Plants. 34.9 


he fheweth that horfes are made mad : for Cratewas, whom T heocritus his Scholiatt doth cite, wri- 
teth, That the plant of Hippomanes hath a fruit full of prickles, as hath the fruit of wilde Cucuni« 
bers, In Englifh it maybe called Thorne-apple, or the Apple of Peru. 
» $ Thewords of Theocritus,Eidyll..2. are thefe: 
Inopeste puri 6 rap KPRotn, Be, 


Which is thus in Englifh: 


Hippomanes mong st the Arcadians fprings, by which eucn all 
The Colts and agile Mares in mountaines mad do fall. 


Now in the Greeke Scholiaamongft the Expofitions there is this : warive ex, 8c. That is ; Crateuas 
faith, That the plant hath a fruit like the wilde Cucumber, but blacker ; the leaues are like a pop- 

‘pie, but thorny or prickly. Thus I expound thefe words of the Greeke Scholiaft,being pac.s r.6f 
the edition {et forth by Dan. Heinfius, Ann. Dom. 1603. llins Scaliger blames Theocritus, becaule 
hecalls Hippomanes v7, a Plant: but Heinfins, as you may fee in his notes vpon Theocritus, pag 120, 
probably iudges, that em in this place fignifies nothing but six,a Thing [ growing.| Suchas are 
curious may haue recourfe to the places quoted, where they may finde it more largely handled 
than is fit for me in this place to infiftvpon. There is no plant at thisday knowne, in mine opini- 
on,whereto Cratenas his defcription may be more fitly referred; than to the Papaner {pinofium,or ficus 
dnfernalis, which we fhall hereafter defcribe. + 


| The Nature. 
The whole plant is cold inthe fourth degree, and ofa drowfie and numming qualitie, not infe 


tior to Mandrake, 
i. Vertues, 


The iuyce of Thorne-apples boiled with hogs greafe to the forme ofan vnguent or falue,cureth 
all inflammations whatfocuer, all manner of burnings or fcaldings, as well of fire, water, boyling 
feade, gun-pouder, as that which comes by lightning, and that in very fhort time, as my, felfhaue 
found by my dayly practife, to my great credit and profit. The firft experience came from Col. 
chefter, where Miftreffe Lobe? a Merchants wife there being moft grieuoufly burned with light- 
ning, and not finding eafe or cure inany other thing, by this found helpewhen all hope was paft, 
by the report of M*. William Ramuse, publique Notarie of the {aid towne, was perfectly cured. 

Theleaues ftamped fimall,and boiled with oyle Oliue vatill theherbes be as it were burnt,then 
firained and fet to the fire againe with fome wax,tofin, and a little Turpentine; and made into a 
faluc, doth moft fpeedily cure old vicers, new and freth wounds, vicers vpon the glandulous part 
of the yard, and other {ores of hard curation. 


Cuap. 63. 
~ Of Bitter-fmeet, or Wooddy Night/hade. 


@ The Defcription. 


Itter-fweet bringeth forth wooddy ftalkes as doth the-Vine,parted into many flender creeping: 
branches, by which it climeth and taketh hold ofhedges and fhrubs next vnto it. The barke 
of the oldeft ftalkes are rough and whitith, of the colour of afhes,with the outward rinde of 

a bright greene colour , but the yonger branches are greene as are the leaues : the wood brittleha- 
uing inita fpongie pith; it is clad with long leaues, {mooth, fharpe pointed, leffer than thofe of 
the Binde-weed. At the lower part of the fame leaues doth grow oneither fide one fmall or leffer 
leafe like vnto two eares. Ghe floures be fall, and fomewhat cluftered together,confifting of fine 
little leaues apiece, of; a perfect blew colour, with a certaine pricke or yellow pointall in the mid- 
dle : which being paft,there do come in place faire berries,more long than round,ar the firft green, 
but very red when they beripe ; of a fweet tafteat the firft, butafter very vnpleafant, ofa ftrong fa- 
uour, growing together in clufters like burnifhed coral. The root is of a meane bigneffe, and full 
of ftrings. ; 

T hate found another forewhich bringeth forth moft pleafant white floures with yellow poig- 
tals inthe middlc,in other refpects agreeing with the former. j 

qq The Place. 
Bitter-fwect doth grow inmoift places about ditches, ricrs,and hedges,almoft euery where: 


Phe 


% 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


The other fort with the white floures J 
found ina ditch fide againft the right honora- 
ble the Earle of Suffex his garden wall at his 
houfe in Bermonfey ftreet by London, as you 
go from the court which is fullof trees, vntoa 
farme houfe neere thereunto, 

| The Time, 

The leaues come forth in the Spring, the 

floures in Luly, the berries are ripe in Auguft, 


q The Names. 

The later Herbarifts haue named this plant 
Dulcamara, Amarodulcis, anid Amaradulcis; that 2 
is in Grecke, prve‘mmgu: they call it al{o Solanum 
lignofum,and Siliquaftrum : Pliny calleth it Me- 
Lortum : Theophraftus, V ites fylueftris:in Englith 
we call it Bitter-fweet,and Wooddy Night- 
fhade. But euery Author muft for his credit 
fay fomthing, although to fmall purpofe ; for 
Vitis (ylueftris is that which we call our Ladies 
Seale, which is no kinde of Nightfhade : for 
Tamus and Vitus fylucftris are both one; as like- 
wile Solanum lignofum ox Fruticofum, and alfo 

ae” rubrum : whereas indeed itis no fuch 
plant, norany ofthe Nightfhades,although I 
haue followed others in placing it here. Ther- 
fore thofe that vfe to mixe the berries thereof 
in compofitions of diuers cooling ointments, 
in ftead of the berries of Nightfhade haue 
committed the greater errour ; for the fruit of 
this is not cold at all, buthot, as forthwith 
thall be thewed. Diofcorides faith it is Cycla mi- 
ays altera ; defcribing it by the defcription of 
thofe with white floures aforefaid, whereunto it doth very well agree. + Diofcorides defcribeth 
his Mu/cofo florewith a mofly floure,that is, fuch an one as confifts of {mall chiues or threds,which 
can by no meanes be agreeable to the floure of this plant. $ 
| The Temperature. 

The leaues and fruit of Bitter-fweet are in temperature hot and dry,clenfing and wafting away. 

ay The Vertues. 

The decoGion of the leaues is reported to remoue the {toppings of the liuer and gall ; and to 
be drunke with good fucceff againft the yellow jaundice. 

The iuyce is good for thofe that haue fallen from high places, and haue beene thereby bruifed, 
or dry beaten : for itis thought to diffolue blond congealed ot cluttered any where in the intrals, 
and to heale the hurt places. 

Hieronymus Tragus teacheth to make a decoétion of Winewith the wood finely fliced and cut 
into {mall pieces ; which he reporteth to purge gently both by vrine and fiege thofe that haue the 
dropfie or jaundice. 

Diofcorides doth afcribe vnto Cyclaminus altcra, or Bitter-fweet with white floures as I conceiue 
it, the like faculties. 

The fruit (faith he) being drunke in the weight ofone dram, with three ounces of white wine, 
for forty dayes together helpeth the fpleene. 

It is drunke againft difficultie of breathing; ir throughly cleanfeth women that are newly 
broughta bed. 


359 


Amara-dulcts, 
Bitter-fweer. 
ry Cow ANA 


$ 


Ch (ee g COME AN OU, 


7 


s 


Cuar. 64. Of Binde-weed Nighthade. 


@ The Defcription. 

Nchanters Night-fhade hath leaues like to Peti-morel, fharpe at the point like vnto Spinages 
the ftalke is ftraight and vpright, very brittle, two foot high: the floures are white tending to 
carnation,with certaine fmall browne chiues in the midft: the feed is contained in — a 

< ‘ ullets ' 


+ 


MIRE SCE SA elles RON ke FN Le 
Lap tk. Of he Hiftory of Plants. 351 


Circa Lutetiana, bullets , rough and very hairy. The roots are 
: Inchanters Night-fhade, tough, and many in number, thrufting them- 
fie Aaa PH. felues deep into the ground, and difperting far 


abroad ; whereby it doth greatly increafe "in. 
fomuch that when it hath once taken fat, roo- 
"ting, it can hardly with great labour be rooted 
out or deftroyed. 
q The Place, 

It groweth in obfcure and/darke places , a- 
bout dung-hills, and in vntoiled grounds , by 
path-wayes and fuch like. 

The Time, 

It flourifheth from Iune to the end of Sep: 
tember, 

@ The Names. 

It is called of Lobel,Circea Lutctiana : in Esi- 
glith, Inchanters Night-fhade,or Binde-weed 
‘Nightfhade. 

@ The Nature and/Vertues, 

There is no vfe of this herbe either in phy- 
fickeor Surgerie that.I can reade of; which 
hath happened by the corruption of time and 
the errour of fome who haue taken Mandraco- 
vas for Czrcea sin which errour they haue ftill 
perfifted vnto this day,attributing vnto (ircea 
thevertues of cMtandrazoras s by which means 
there hatirnot any thing been faid of the true 
Circea, by reafon,as J haue faid, that Mandya. 
goras hath been called Circea : but doubtlefle 
it hath the vertue of Garden Night-thade,and 
may ferue in {tead thereof without error. 


| 


—Cuar. 65. Of Mandrake. : | 


G The Defcription: 


He male Mandrake hath great broad long {mooth leaues ofa darke greene colour, flat fpred 
vpon the ground : among which come vp the floures ofa pale whitifh colour, ftanding euery 
onevpona fingle fmall andweake foot-ftalke of a whitith greene colour : in their places 

grow round Apples ofa yellowith colour, fmooth,foft,and glittering, ofa ftrong finell ; inwhich 
are contained flat and finooth feeds in fafhion ofa little kidney, like thofe of the Thorne-apple, 
‘The root is long,thicke,whitith, dinided many times into two or three patts refembling the legs 
ofa man, with other parts of his body adioyning thereto, as the priuy patt,as it hath beene repor- 
ted ; whereas in truth it is no otberwife than i the roots of carrots, parfeneps,and fuch like,forked 
or ditided into two or more parts, which Nature taketh no account of. There hath been many ri- 
diculous tales brought vp of this plant,whether ofold wiues, or fome runnagate Surgeons or phy- 
ficke-mongers I know not, (a title bad enough for them) but fure fome one or moe that fought to 
make themfelues famous and skilful aboue others, were the firft brochers of that errour I {peake 
of, They adde further, That itis never or very feldome to be found growing naturally but vnder a 
gallowes, where the matter that hath fallen from the dead body hath given it the fhape ofa man ; 
and the matter ofa woman, the fubftance fa female plant, with many other fuch dolrith dreams, 
They fable further and affirme, That he who would take vp a plant thereof muft tie a dog therunto 
to pull it vp, which will giueasteat fhreeke at the digging vp , otherwife ifa man fhould doit, he 
thould furely dic in fhort {pace after. Befides many fables of louing matters,too full of {eurrilitie 
tofet forth in print, which forbeare to fpeake of. All which dreames and old wiues tales you 
fhall from henceforth caft out of your books and memory ; knowing this,that they are all and eue- 
tie part of them falfe and moftvntrue : for I my felfe and my feruants alfo haue digged vp, planted, 
and replanted very many, and yet neuer couldeither perceiue fhape of man orwoman, but fome- 
times one ftraight root, {ometimes two, and often fix or feuen branches comming from the maine 


greae 
3) 


bethe true Mandrakes. 


darke greene colour ; and the fruit is long like a peare, and the other is round like an apple. 


A 
B 
Cc 
D 
E 
F 
G 


H 
I 
K 


352 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lrs. 2. 


OD eee nah ls gies ees 
great root, euenas Nature liftto beftow vpon it, as to other plants. But theidle drones that haue 
little or nothing to do but eate and drinke, haue beftowed fome of their time in caruing the roots 
of Brionte,forming them to the fhape of men & women : which falfifying praétife hath confirmed 
the errour amongft the fimple and vnlearned people, who haue taken them vpon their report to 


The female Mandrake is like vnto the male, fauing that the leaues hereof be ofa more fwart or 


Mandragoras mas & famina. q The Place. 
The male and female Mandrake. 


Mandrake groweth in hot Regions, in 
woods and mountaines,as in mount Garga- 
nus in Apulia, and fuch like places;we haue — 
them onely planted in gardens, and are not 
elfewhere to be found in England, 

| The Time. 

They fpring vp with their leanes in 
March, and floure in the end of Aprill : the 
fruit is ripe in Auguft. 

a The Names. : 

Mandrake is called of the Grecians 
Madesyers : Of diUerS, Kupale, aNd Circea,of Circe 
the witch, who by art could procure loue : 
for it hath beene thought that the Root 
hereof feructh towin loue: of fome, eiajunn 
«dathropomorphos, and Morton : {ome of the 
Latines haue called it Terre malum,and Ter= 
veftre malum, and Canina malus » Shops , and. 
alfo other Nations doe receiue the Greeke 
name. Diofcorides faith, That the male is 
called of diuers Morton - and defcribeth alfo 
another Mandrake by the name of cAforion, 
which, as muchas can be gathered by the 
defcription, is like the male, but leffe inall 
parts : in Englith we cal it Mandrake, Man- 
drage,and Mandragon. 


| The Temperature. 
Mandrake hath a predominate cold facultie,as Galen faith, that is to fay cold in the third de= | 
gree : but the root is cold in the fourth degree. 
“ @ The Vertues, 
Diofcoridcs dath particularly fet downe many faculties hereof; of which notwithftanding there 
benone proper vnto it, fauing thofe that depend vpon the drowfie and fleeping power thereof: 
which qualitie confifteth more in the root than in any other part. 

The Apples are milder, and are reported that they may be eaten,being boyled with pepper and 
other hot f{pices. : 

Galen faith that the Apples are fomething coldand moift, and that the barke of the root is of | 
greateft ftrength, and doth noc onely coole, butalfo dry. 

The inyce of the leaues is very profitably put intothe ointment called Populeon,and all cooling 
ointments. 

The iuyce drawne forth of the roots dried, and taken in {mall quantitie, purgeth the belly ex- 
ceedingly from flegme and melancholike humors. 

It is good to be put into medicines and colliries that do mitigate the paine of the eyes;and put: | 
vider a peffarie it draweth forth the dead childe and fecondine. 

The greene leaues ftamped with barrowes greafe and barley meale, coole all hot fwellings and | 
inflammations , and they haue vertue to confuume apoftumes and hot vicers, being bruifed and ap- 
plied thereon. : 

A fuppofitorie madewith the fame iuyce, and put into the fundament eaufeth fleepe. 

The wine whercin the reot hath beene boyled or infufed prouoketh fleepe and affwageth paine. | 

The {mell of the Apples moueth to fleepe likewife , but the inyce worketh more effectually if | 
you take it in fmall quantitie, 


Great | 


979 


P kind © OftheiMiforsefPland> im, 


| Gteat and ftrange effe&s are fuppofed to bein the Mandrakes, to cau’ women to be fruitful J, 
and beare children, ifthey fhall but carty the fame neere vnto their bodies. Some doe fram Hence 
| gtound ir, forthar Rabel defired to hauehet fitters Mandrakes (as the text is tranflated ) but if 
we looke well into the circum tances which there we thal! finde,we may rather deeme othenwife, 
Young RwGer brought home amiable and {weet {melling floutes ( for fo fignificth the Hebrew 
word ,which is vfed Cantic. 7. 13. inthe fame fenfe :) and the lad brought them home, rather for 
their beauty and {mell, than for theirvertue. Now in the floures of Mandrake thefé is no-fuch 
dele@able or amiable fmell as was in thefe amiable floures which Ruben broughthonie, Belides, 
wee read not that Rabel conceined hereupon, for Leah Tacobs wife had foure children before God 
granted that bleffing of fruitfulneffe vnto Rabel. And laf of all ¢ which is my chiefeft rea- 
fon) Iacobwas angry with Rabel when the faid, Giue me childyenelfe I die : and demanded of 
her,whether he were in the ftead of God or no, who had withheld from her the fruit of het body. 
And we know that the Prophet David faith, Children and the fruit of the wombe are the inhe- 
ritance, that commeth from the Lord,P/alm. 127. 

Serapio,Awicen, and Paulus Agineta doewrite, that the feed and fruit of Mandragoras taken M 
_ in drinke, doe clenfé the matrix or mother, and Diofcorides wrote the fame long before them. 

He that would know more hereof, may reade that chapter of door Tarver his booke, concer- 

hing this matter,where he hath written largely and learnedly of this Simple. ; 


Cuar, 66. Of Henbanes 


x Hyofayamus Ni cer. 2 Hyofcyamus Albus, 
*. Blacke Henbane. : White Menbane. 
yo Set Onn foe I 
SEEM ha Nh i 
‘ LE “SS 


All, 5 
Fis 
De, 


Tl. 


= ee 
Sn Sot 


5 
aS 


] The Defeription. 


I He common blacke Henbane hath great and foft ftalkes : leaues very broad, foft, and 
woolly, fomewhat iagged,efpecially thofe that grow neere vato the ground,and thofe 
that grow vpon the ftalke, narrower, fimaller,and fharper. The floures are bel fathion, 

ofa faint yellowith white, and browne within towards the bottome ; When/the floures are 
Gg gone 


- 


354. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. | Leia 


gone, there commeth hard knobby huskes, like fmall cups or boxes, wherein are {mall browne 


feeds. 
» The White Henbane is not much vnlike to the blacke, fauing that his leaues are {maller, 
whiter and more woolly, andthe floures alfo whiter. The cods are like the other, but without 


pricks ; itdieth in winter, and muft likewife be fowne againe thenext yeere. 


£3 Hyofcyamus albus minor. £ 4 Hyofiyamus albus Creticus. 
The leffer White Henbane. White Henbane of Candy, 


“AN 
NGF 


Nf elie / 
/ iy E THR A " 
5 i Mints -y) 
\ Ne 5 \ \ 
. atin Y 
MN 


+ 3 Thisotherwhite Henbane is much like the laft defcribed, burt that it is leffer : the § 
leaues fmaller and rounder, hanging vpon pretty long ftalkes, the floures and feed veflels are like 
thofe of the laft mentioned. 

4. This is fofter and tenderer than the lat defcribed, the leauesalfo hang vpon long foot- , 
{talkes, and are couered ouer with a foft downines:and they are fomewhat broader, yetthinner and | 
more finuated than thofe of the white, and fomewhat refemble the forme of a vine leafe, being ; 
fnipt about the edges ; the ftalkes are alfo couered with a white downe. The floures are of a ool | 
yellow, with aveluet coloured circle in their middles:the root is {ufficiently thicke and large: Clu-» 
fius had the figure and defcription of this from his friend Taques Plateau who had the plant growing | 
of {eed received from Candy. 

The ftalke of this growes fome cubit high , being pretty ftiffe, about the thickeneffe of | 
ones little finger,and coucred ouer with a foft and white downe:the leaues grow difperfed ypon the : 
{talk,not much vnlike thofe ofthe common kinde,but leffer and more diuided, and white ( while 
they are young ) couered with a flender and long downineffe : the top of the ftalke is diuided into | 
certainc branches that bend or hang downe their heads, which alternately. amongft narrower, | 
Jeffer andvndiuided leaues carry cups like as the common one,ending infiue pretty ftiffe points, in ’ 
which are contained floures at firft fomewhat like the common kinde,but afterwards,as they grow 
bigger, they change into an elegant red purplith colour,with deepe coloured veines:neither is the 
ring or middle part purple as inthe common kinde, but whitith, hauing a purplith pointall, and ; 
fue threds in the middle : the feeds and feed veffels are like thofe of the common kind. Clufins § 
receiued the {eed hereof from Paludanus returning from his trauailes into Syria and Egypt,where- 
fore he calls it Hyofcyamus eHeyptius, Egyptian Henbane. + 


ay The | 


Lis. 2. ROK he Hiftory of Plants. | | 355, 


£ 5 Hyofcyamus flore rubello. W The Place. 
Henbane with areddifh floute. 


Blacke Henbane grows almoft euerie where 
by high-wayes, in the borders of fields, about 
dung-hills and vntoiled places;thewhite Hen- 
bane isnot found burt in the gardens of thofe 
that loue phyficall plants : the which groweth 
inmy garden, and doth fow it felfe from yeare 
to yeare, 


© The Time; 


_ They fpring out ofthe ground in May,bring 
forth their floures in Auguit, and the feed is 
ripe in OGober, 


@ TheNames, - 


Henbane is called of the Grecians, ssuvspss : 
ofthe Latines, Apollizaris, and Faba fiilla : of 
the Arabians, as Pliny faith, Altercum : of fome, 
Fabs outs, or lupiters beame : of Pythagoras, Zo- 
roaftes, and Apuleius I nfana, Alterculum, Symphé. 
miaca, and Calicularis : of the Tufcanes, Fabulo- 
nia, and Faba lupina’: of Matthens fyluaticus, 
Dens Caballinus, Milimandrum,Cafilago : of Ta. 
cobus a Manlys, Herbapinnula : in {hops it is cal. 
led Znfquiamus,and Hyofcyamus :in Englith,Hen- 
bane in Italian; Hyofquiamo : in Spanith, Velen. 
zo: in high Dutch, Bilfer Rraut 3 in French, 
Hannebane, Endormie : the other is called Hyof- 
cyamus albus, orwhite Henbane, 


q The Temperature. 
Thefe kindes of Henbane are cold in the fourth degree, 


G The Vertues. 


Henbane caufeth drow fineffe, and mitigateth all kinde of paine: it is good againft hot and 
fharpe diftillarions of the eyes and other parts : it tayeth bleeding and the difeafe in women sit is 
applied to inflammations of the ftones and other fecret parts, 

The leaues ftamped with the ointment Populeon, made of poplar buds,affwageth the paine ofthe 
gout, and the fivellings of the ftones, aud the tumors of womens brefts , and are good to be puc 
into the fame ointment, but in {mall quantitie 

Towah the feet in th e decogion of Henbanecaufeth fleepe ; or giucn ina clifter it doth the 
fame ; andalfo the often {melling to the floures, 

Theleaues,feedjand iuyce taken inwardly caufeth an vnquiet fleepe like ynto the fleep of druns 
kenneffewhich continucth long, and is deadly to the party. 

The feed of white Henbancis good againft the cough, the falling ofwaterie humours into the 
eyes orbreft; againft the inordinate flux ofwomens iffues, and all other iffues ofbloud, taken’ in 
the weight of ten graines, with water wherein honey hath beene fodden. 

The root boyled with vineger, and the fame holden hot in the mouth, eafeth the paine of the 
teeth. The {ced is vfed by Mountibanke Tooth-drawers which tunne about the countrie, for to 
caufe wormes come forth of mens teeth, by burning it inachafing-dith with coles, the party hol- 
ding his mouth ouerthe fume thereof : but fome crafty companions to gaine mony conuey fmall 
lute ftring into the water, perfuading the patient thar thofe {mall creeping beafts came out ofhis 


Ge 2 Cuap: 


mouth or other parts which he intended to eafe. 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 
Cuar. 67. Of yellow Henbane,or Englifh Tabaco. 


Hyofcyamus luteus. & il 
Yellow Henbane,. The Defcription. 


Ellow Henbane groweth'to the height of 
two cubits : the ftalke is thicke, far, and 
greene of colour,full of a {pongcous pith, 
and is diuided into fundry branches fet with 
{mooth and euen leaues,thick, and ful ofjuice, 
The floures grow at the tops of the branches, 
orderly placed, ofa pale yellow colour, fome- 
thing leffer than thofe of the blacke Henbane. 
Thecups wherein the floures do ftand are like, 
but lefler,renderer, and without fharpe points, 
wherein is fet the husk or cod fomwhat round, 
full of very {mall feed like the feed of Marje- 
rome. The root is {mall and threddy. 
@ The Place. 
Yellow Henbane is fowen in gardens,where 
it doth profper exceedingly, infomuch that it 
cannot be deftroyed where it hath once fowen 


356 


England. 
@ The Time. 

It floureth in the Sommer moneths,and of- 
tentimes till Autumne be farre fpent,in which 
time the feed commeth to perfeétion. 

“@q-The Names. 

Yellow Henbane icalled Hyoftyamus luteus: 
of fome, Petum,and Petun « of others,Nicofiana, 
of Nicot a Frenchman that-brought the feeds 
from the Indies, as alfo the feeds of the true 
Tabaco, whereof this hath beenc taken for a kinde ; infomuch that Lobel hath called it Dubius Hy- 
ofcyammus, or doubtfull Henbane,as a plant participating of Henbane and Tabacoand it is vfed of 
diuers in ftead of Tabaco, and called by the fame name, for that it hath beene brought from Tri- 
nidada,a place focalled in the Indies,as alfo from Virginia and Norembega, for Tabaco; which 
doubtleffe taken in fmoke worketh the fame kinde of drunkenneffe that the right Tabaco doth. 
$+ Some vée tocall this Nicotian,in Englith, being a name taken from the Latine. + 

q The Nature. 

This kinde of Henbane is thought of fome tobe cold and moift, but after Lobel it rather hea- 
teth than cooles at all, becaufe of the biting tafte,as alfo that rofennineffe or gummines it is pof- 
fefled of ;which is euidently perceiued both in handling and chewing it inthe mouth, 

q The Vertues. ; 

This herbe auaileth againft all apoftumes,tumors,inueterate vicers, borches, and fuch like, be- 
ing made into an vnguentor falue as followeth: Take of the greene leaues three pounds and an 
halfe, ftampe them very fmall ina ftone morter ; of Oyle Oliue one quart; fet them to boyle in a 
braffe pan or fuch like, vpon a gentle fire, continually ftirring it vntill the herbes feem blacke,and 
will not boyleor bubble any more : then fhall you have an excellent greene oyle ; which being 
ftrained from the feces or dioffe, put the cleare and ftrained oyle to the fire againe ; adding there- 
to of wax halfe a pound,of rofen foure ounces, and of good Turpentine tivo ounces : melt themall 
together, and keepe it in pots for your vfe,ro cure inueterate vicers, apoftumes, burnings, greene 
wounds, and all cuts and hurts in the head ; wherewith I haue gotten both crownes and credit. 

It is vfed of fome in ftead of Tabaco, but to fmal! purpofe or profit,although it do ftupifie and 
dull the fences, and caufe that kinde of giddineffé that Tabaco doth, and likewife {pitting which 
any other herbe of hot temperature will do,as Rofemary,Time, winter Sauorie, feet Marjerome, 
and fuch like: any of thewhich I like better to be taken in fmoke than this kinde of doubrfull 
henbane. : 


. 


CuaP 


it felfe,and it is difperfed into the moft parts of 


ea mae ne 
Lip: 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 357 


Crap. 68: 
Of Tabaco, or Henbane of Peru. 


| The Kindes. 


. en be two forts or kindes of Tabaco; one greater,the other lefler :the greaterwas brought 
A into Europe out of the prouinces of America,which we call the Weft Indies; the other from 
| Trinidada, an Ifland neere vnto the continent of the fame Indies. Some haue added a third fort; 
and others make the yellow Henbane akinde thereof, - 


+ x Hyoftyamus Peruvianus. t 2 Sana Sancta Indorum: 
Tabacoor Henbaneof Peru, Tabaco of Trinidada; 


AS @ The Defcription. 
I Abaco, or Henbane of Peru hath very great ftalkes of the bigneffe of a childes arme, 
growing in fertile and well dunged ground of feven or eight foot high, diuiding it 
y felfe into fundry branches of great length ;whereonare placed in moft comely order 
very faire long leaues, broad, {mooth, and fharpe pointed, foft,and ofa light greene colour, fo fafts 
ned about the ftalke, that they feeme to embrace and compafle it about. The floures grow ar the 
top of the ftalkes, in fhape likeabell-floure, fomewhat long and cornered, hollow within, ofa 
light carnation colour, tending towhiteneffe toward the brimmes. The feed is contained in long 
fharpe pointed cods or feed-veflels like vnto the feed of yellow Henbane, but fomewhat fmaller 
and browner ofcolour. Theroot is great,thicke, and of a wooddy fubftance,with:fome threddie¢ 
firings anexed thereunto. 

2 Trinidada Tabacohath a thicke tough and fibrous roor, from which immediately rife vp 
long broad Ieaues and {mooth, ofa greenith colour, leffer than thofe of Peru: among which rifeth 
vpa ftalke diuiding it felfe at the ground intodiuers branches,wherean are fet confufedly the like 
leanes, but leffer : at the top of the ftalks ftand vp long necked hollow floures ofa pale purple ten- 
ding to a bluth colour: after which fucceed the cods or feed-veffels, including miany fmall feeds 
like vatothe feed of Marjerome. The whole plant perifheth at the firftapproch of Winter. 

Gg 3 + 3 This 


358 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lizz. 


aa 

$ 3 Tabacum minimum, + 3 This third is an herbe fome {panne or 

Dwarfe Tabaco. better long,not in face vnlike the precedent, nei- 

: ther defeétiue in the hot and burning tafte. The 

Hioures are much Jeffe than thofe of the yellow 

Henbane, & of a greenith yellow. The leaues are 

{mall,and narrower thofe of Sage of Ierufalem, 
The root is {malland fibrous. + 

The Place. 

Thefewere firft brought into Europe our of 
America,which is called the Weft Indies , in 
which is the prouince orcountrey of Peru ; but’ 
being now planted in the gardens of Eurgpe it 
profpereth very well,and cominctli from feed in 
one yeare tobeare both floures and feed. The 
which I rake to be better for the conftitution of 
our bodies than that which is brought from In- 
dia ; and that growing in the Indies better for 
the people of the fame Countrey : notwithftan- 
ding it isnot fothought,nor receitted of our Ta- 
baconifts ; for according to the Enelith Pro- 
uerbe, Far fetcht and deare bought is beft for 
Ladies. 


@ The Time. 

Tabaco mutt be fowen in the moft fruitfull 
ground thar may be found, carlefly caft abroad 
in the fowing,without taking it into the ground 
orany fuch paine or induftrie taken as is requi- 
fite in the fowing of other feeds,as my felf haue 
found by proofe, who haue experimented cuery 
way to caufe it quickly to grow:for I hauecom- 
mitted fome to the earth in the end of March, 
fome in Aprill, and fome inthe beginning of 
May, becaufe I durft not hafard all my feed at one time, left {ome vnkindely blaft fhould happen 
after the {owing, which might be a great enemie thereunto, 


@ The Names, 


The people of America call it Peta : Some,as Lobel and Peva,haue giuen it thefe Latine names, 
Sacra herba, Sancta herba, and Sana fanéta Indorum : and other,as Dodoneus, call it Hyoftyamus Peruvi~ 
anus, or Henbane of Peru: Nicolaus Monardus names it Tabacum.That it isHyofcyami fbecies,ora kind 
of Henbane, not onely the forme being like to yellow Henbane, but the qualitie alfo doth de- 
clare ; for it bringeth drowfinefle, troubleth the fences, and maketh a manas it were drunke by ta- 
king ofthe fume onely ; as Andrew Theuer tettifieth, (and common experience fheweth:) of fome 
it iscalled Nicotiana : the which I refer to the yellow Henbane,for diftin@ions fake. 


gq The Temperature. 


Ttis hot and dry,and that in the fecond degree, as Atonardis thinketh, and is withall of power 
to difeufle or refolue, and to cleanfe away filthy humors, hauing alfoa {mall aftriction, anda ftu- 
pifying or benumming qualitie, and it purgerh by the ftoole:and Monardis writeth that it hath a 
certaine power torefift poyfon, And to proue it tobe ofan hot temperatute, the biting qualitie 
of the leaues doth fhew, which is eafily perceiued b y tafte :alfo the greene leaues laid vponvicers 
in finewte parts may ferue fora proofe of heate in this plant ; becaufe they do draw out filth and 
corrupted matter, which acold Simplewould neuerdo, The leaues likewife being chewed draw 
forth flegme and water, as doth alfo the fume taken when the leaues are dried :which things de- 
clare that this is not alittle hot ; forwhat things foeuer,that being chewed or held in the mouth 
bring forth flegme and water, the fame beall accounted hot ; as the root of Pellitorie of Spaine, 
of Saxifrage, and other things of like power. Moreouer, the benumming qualitie hereof is not 
hard tobe percciued, for vpon the taking ofthe fume at the mouth there followeth an infirmitie 
like vatodrunkenneffe, and many times fleepe ; asafter the taking of Opive:which alfo thew- 
eth inthe taftea biting qualitie,and therefore is not without heate, which when it is ci 

and 


| SSI et aE ce ee ier eos ee LS NAD oa RR AE UR 
Lees d Of he Hiftory of Plants. 350 
: _——— 
land inwardly taken,it doth forthwith thew; caufing a certaine heat in the cheft, and yét withall 
jtroubling the wits, as Petrus Bellonivs inhis third Booke of Singularities doth declare : where 
jalfo hee fheweth,that the Turkes oftentimes doe vie Opium, and take one dramme and a halfe 
{ thereof at one time ; without any other hurt following,fauing that they arethereupon/as.it were) 
taken witha certaine light drunkennefle. So alfothis Tabaco being in tafte biting; and in tem. 
} perature hot, hath notwith{tanding a benumming qualitie. Hereupon it feemeth to follow, thar 
not onely this Henbane of Peru, butalfo the inice of poppic otherwife called Opium , comitteth 
Jofdiuers parts ; fome biting and hot, and others extreame cold, that isto fay , ftupifying or be. 
jnumming : if fobee that this benumming qualitie proceed of extreme cold (as Galen and all the 
jold Phytitions doc hold opinion) Then fhould this bee cold ; but if the benumming facultie 
doth not depend of an extreme cold qualitie,but proceedeth of the effence of the fubftance ; then 
/Fabaco is not cold and benumming ; but hot and benumming, and the latter not fo much by 
jreafon of his temperature, as through the propertic of his fub{tance no otherwife than a pur. 
iging medicine;which hath his force not from the temperature, but from the effence of the whole 
Hubitance, : 
| 
y Nicolaus Monardés faith, that the leaues hereof are aremedy for the paine inthehead called the A 
}Megram or Migraime that hath beene of long continuance : and alfo for a cold ftomacke; efpeci- 
jally in children, and that it is good againft the paines in the kidncies, 
| Itisaprefent remedie for the fits of the Mother : it mitigateth the paine of the goutifitbee B 
tr ofted in hot embers and applied to the grieued part. : ; 
| Itislikewifea remedie for the tooth-ache,ift he teeth and gums be rubbed with a linnen cloth C 
idipped in the iuice ; and afterward a round ball of the leaues laid vnto the place. 
| The iuice boiled with Sugar in forme of a firrup and inwardly taken, driueth forth wormes of D 


‘@ TheVertuess 


c 


thebellie; ifwithall aleafe be laid to the Nauell. : 
| The fame doth likewife {coure and clenfe old and rotten vicers, and bringeth them toperfea E 
idigeft ion as the fame Author affirmeth. i 
}. Inthe Low Countreyes it is vfed againft feabbes and filthineffe of the skinne,and for the cure B 
ofwounds :but fome hold opinion that it is to bee vfed but onely to hotand {trong bodies + for 
they fay that the vfe is not fafe inweake andold folkes':and for this caute,as it feemeth,the wo- 
menin America (as Thewet fayth) abftayne from the hearbe Petunor Tabaco, and doe in no 
wife vie it. 
) The weight of foure ounces of the iuice heereot drunke purgeth both vypwards and downe. @ 
wards, and procureth after,a long and found flecpe, as wee haue learned ofa friend by obferuaris 
pa, aifirming that a ftrong Countreyman of amiddle age , hauinga dropfie,tgoke of it,and be- 
sng wakened out of his fleepe, called for meat and drinke, and after that b¢came perfectly 
whole, 
| Moreouer the fame man reported, that he had cured many countriemen ofagues with thedi- H 
Rilled water of the leaues drunke a littlewhile before the fit. marly 
| Likewife there is an oile to be taken out of the Icaues that healeth merry-gals, kibed heelsand 1 
fuch like. 
| Itis good againft poifon,and taketh away the malignitie thereof, ifthe inice be giuento drink K 
pr the wounds made by venemous beafts be wafhed therewith. ; 
The dri leaues ate vfed to be taken ina pipe fet on fire and fuckt into the ftomacke,and thruft: Jj 
forth againe at the nofthrils againft the pains of the head, rhetimes, aches in any part of the body 
whereof foeuer the originall proceed, whether from France, Italy, Spaine; Indies, or from our fa 
miliar and beft knowne difeafes : thofe leaues doe palliate or cafe fora time, but neuer performe 
any cure abfolutely : for although they emptie the body of humours, yet the caufe of the griefe 
nnot be fo taken away. But fome haue learned this principle, that repletion requireth euacya- 
Jon ; that is, fulneffe craueth emptineffe,and by euactation affure themfelues of health : But 
his doth not take away fo much with it this day,but thenext bringethwith it more: As for ex- 
imple, a Well doth neuer yeeld fuch ftore of water as when it is moft drawne and emptied. My 
elfe {peake by proofe, who haue cured of that infe tious difeafe a great many ; diuers of which 
lad couered or kept vnder the fickenefle by thehelpe of Tabacoas they thought, yet inthe end 
laue beene conftrained to haue vato fuch an hard knot; a crabbed wedge, or elfe had veterly pe- 
Uhed. 
‘ Some vie to drinke it (as itis tearmed) for wanitonnefle or rather cuftome,and cannot forbeare 
no notin the midit of their dinnerwhich kind of taking is vnwholefome and very dangerous:al- “” 


Hough to take it feldome and that Phyfically is to be tolerated and may do fome good: but] 


c 


ommend the {i yrtup aboue this fume or fmokie medicine, 


* Ie 


360 | Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Is veces 


N__ Itis taken of fome phyfically ina pipe forthat purpofe once ina day at the moft,and that in 
the morning fafting againft paines in the head, ftomacke, and griefe in the breft and lungs:againft 
catatrhes and rheumes, and fuchas haue gotten cold and hoarfenefle. 

© — Some haue reported that it little prenaileth againftan hor difeafe, and that it profiteth 
an hot complexion nothing at all: but experience hath not fhewed itto bee iniurious vato ei- 
ther. 

P They that haue feene the proofe hereof haue credibly reported, thatwhenthe Moores and In- 
dians haue fainted either for want of food or reft,this hath beenea prefent remedievnto them to 
{upplie the one,and to helpe them to the other. 

Q The priefts and Inchanters of the hot countries do take the fume thereof vntill they be drunke,’ 
tharafter they haue lien for dead three or foure houres, they may tell the people what wonders, 
vifions,or illufions they haue {eene,and fo giue them a propheticall direction or foretelling (if we 
may truft the Diuell) of the fucceffe of their bufineffe. 

R The iuice or diftilled water of the firft kind is very good againft catarrhes, the dizzineffe of the 
head,and rheumes that fall downe the eies, againft the paine called the Megram, if either you ap- 
plic ir vnto the temples,or take one or two greene leaues,or a dry leafe moiftned in wine,and dried 
cunningly vpon the embers and laid thereto. 

S  Itcleereth the fight and taketh away the webs and fpotsthereof, being annointed with the 
iuice bloud warme. 

T  Theoile oriuice dropped into the eares is good againft deafenefle,a cloth dipped in the fame 
and laid vpon the face,taketh away the lentils,tedneffe,and {pots thereof. 

Many notable medicines are made hereofagainft the old and inueterate cough,againft afth- 
maticall or pectoral griefes, which if I fhould fet downeat large, would require a peculiar Vo- 
lume. . 

X Ir is alfo giuen to fuch as are accuftomed to fwoune , and are troubled with the Col- 
licke and windineffe, againft the Dropfie , the Wormes in children, the Piles and the Sci- 
atica. ; 

¥ Iris vfed in outward medicines either the herbe boiled with oile, waxe,rofin and turpentine,as 
before is fet downe in yellow Henbane,or the extraGtion thereofwith {alt,oile,balfame,the diftil- | 
led waterand fuch like, againft tumours, apoftumes, old vicers,of hard curation,botches,feabbes, || 
ftinging with nettles, carbuncles, poifoned arrowes, and wounds made with gunnes orany other 
weapon. 

L Ir is excellent good inburnings and fcaldings with fire,water,oile, lightning,or fuch like,boi- 
led with Hogges greace in forme of an Ointment, which Ihauéoften prooued, and found moft 
true, adding alittle of the iuice of thorne apple leaues, fpreading it vpon a clothand foapply- 
ing it. 

A Idoe make hereof anexcellent balfame to cure deepe wounds and pun@ures, made by fome 
narrow fharpe pointed weapon, Which balfame doth bring vp the flefh from the bottome verie 
{peedily,and alfoheale fimple cuts in the flefh aceording to the firft intention, that is,to glew or 
foder the lips of the wound together, not procuring matter or corruption vnto it, as is commonly 
feene in the healing of wounds. The receit is this: Take oile of rofes,oile of S.lohns wort,of either 
one pinte,the leaues of Tabaco ftamped {mall ina ftone morter two pounds,boile them together | 
tothe confumption of the inice, ftraine it and put it to the fire againe, adding thereto of Venice 
Turpentine two ounces, of Olibanum and matticke ofeither halfe an ounce,in moft fineand fub- 
till pouder, the which you may at all times make an vnguent or falue by putting thereto wax and 
rofin to giue vnto ita ftiffe body,which worketh exceeding well in maligne and virulent vicers,as 

inwounds and punctures. I fend this iewell vato you women of all forts, efpecially to fuchasg ; 
cure and helpe the poore and impotent of your Countrey without reward. But vnto the begger- 
ly rabble of witches, charmers, and fuch like coufeners, that regard more to get money,than to 
helpe for charitie, Iwifh thefe few medicines far from their vnderftanding,and from thofe decei- 
uers whom I with to be ignorant herein. But courteous gentlewomen, I may not for the malice 
that I doe beare vnto fuch, hide any thing from you of fuch importance : and therefore take one ! 
more that followeth,wherewith I haue done very many and good cures,although of {mall coft,but : 

B regard it nor the leffe for that caufe. Take the leaues of Tabaco two pound, hogges greafe one } 
pound, ftampe the herbe fmall in a tone morter, putting thereto a fmall cup full of red or claret : 
wine, ftir them well together, couer the morter from filth and fo let it reft vntill morning , then )} 
put it to the fire and let it boile gently,continually ftirring it vntill the confumption of thewineg ; 
{traine it,and fet it to the fire againe, putting thereto the inice of the herbe one pound, of Venice : 
turpentine foure ounces;boile them togethet to the confumption ofthe iuice,thenadde therto be { 

the : 


t 


| eS 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: 261 


ithe roots of round -4riffolochia or Birthwoort in moft fine pouder two ounces, fufficient waxe to 
igiuc it a body, the which keep for thy wounded poore neighbour.as alfo the old and filthy vicers 
of the legs and other parts of fuch as haueneed of helpe. 


F The figures were formerly tranfpofed. 


SE 


is Cuar. 69: Of Tree Nightfhade. 


Amomun P linij. e | The Deftription. 
Ttee Nightfhade. ; 


ee rare and pleafant Plant,calledtree Night: 
fhade,is taken of fome tobe a kinde of Ginnie 
pepper,butnotrightly ; of others for a kinde of 
Nightthade,whole iudgement and cenfute I glad- 
ly admit, for that it doth more fitly anfwer it both 
in the forme and nature. It groweth vp like vnto 4 

{mall fhrubbe or wooddy hedge bufh,two or three 

cubits high,couered with a greenith barke fetwith 

many {mall twiggie branches,and garnifhed with 

many [ong ledues very greene,likevnto thofe ofthe 

Peach tree. The floures arewhite, with a certaife 

yellow pricke or pointell in the middle, like ynro 

the floures of garden Nightthade. After which 

fucceede final] tound berries verie red of co- 

lour, and of the fame fubftance with Winter 

Cherries,wherein are contained little flat yellow 

feeds. The root iscompact of many {mall hairi¢ 

yellow ftrings. 

i @ The Place. 


tc growethnotwilde in thefe cold regions, but 
we haue them ih our gardens, rather for pleafure 
than profit, or any good qualitieas yetknowne, 

The Time. 

It is kept in pots and tubs with earthand {uch 
: like in houfes during the exttemity of Winter,be- 
| ms, TN caufe it cannot indure the coldneffe ofour colde 
iclimate:and is {et abroad intothe Gardén in March or Aprill : it floureth in May, and the fruit is 
Tipe in September. 
iiidhaes: q The Names. ; 

Tree Nightthade is called in Latine Solanum Arlorefcens : of fome, Strychnedendyon - and {ome 
iudge it to be Amarmun: of Plinie : it is Plewdocaplicum of Dodonezes ; 


© The Nature andVertues. 
| 


| We haue noras yet any thing fet downe as touching the temperature or vertuies of this Plant, 
but it is referred of fome to the kindes of Ginnie pepper,but without any reafon at all ;for Ginny 
pepper though it bring forth fruit vety like in fhape vnro this plant, yet in taftemoft volike, for 
that Capficum or Ginny pepper is more fharpe in tafte than ourcommon peppct , and the other 
hath no tafte of biting at all,but is likevnto the Berries of Garden Nightfhade in tafte, although, 
they differ in colour : which hath moued fome tocall this plant red Nightfhade, ofthe colour of 
the berries : and Tree Nightthade, of the woodey fubftance which doth continue and grow from 
yeare to yeare : and Ginnie pepper dieth at the firft approch of Winter. 


Crars 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li1..2. 


Cuar.70. Of Bale eA ppleor eA pple of Hierufalem. 


1 Balfaminamas. 2 Balfamina femina. 


The male Balfam Apple. The female Balfam Apple. 


The Defcription. 


I hi SS male Balme Apple hath Jong,fmall,and tender branches, fet with leaues like thofe » 

of the vine ; and the like {mall clafping tendrels wherewith it catcheth hold of {uch }) 
things as do grow neere vnto it,not ableby reafon of hisweakeneffe to ftand vpright without fome * 
pole or other thing to fupport it. The floures confift of fiue fmall leaues ofa meane bigneffeand | 
are of a faint yellow colour : which being paft, there doe come in place long Apples, fomething 
fharpe toward the point almoft like an egge, rough all ouer as it werewith {mall harmelefle pric- 
kles, red both within and without when they be ripe, andcleaue in funder of themfelues : inthe } 
Apple lieth great broad flat feeds, like thofe of Pompion or Citrull, but fomething blacke when 
they be withered. The root is threddie, and difperfeth it felfe far abroad in the ground. 

2 The female Balm Apple doth not a little differ from the former : it bringeth forth ftalks not ° 
running orcliming like the other, but a moft thicke and fat truncke or ftocke full of iuice, in fib. | 
(tance like the ftalks of Purflane,of a reddith color and fomewhat fhining. The leaues be long and | 
narrow, in fhape like thofe of Willow or the Peach tree, fomewhat toothed or notched about the ! 
edges : among which grow the floures of an incarnate colour tending to blewneffe,hauing a {mally 
{pur or taileannexed thereto as hath the Larks heele,ofa faire light crimfon colour: in their pla- + 
ces come vp the fruit or Apples rough and hairy, but teffer than thofe of the former, yellow when 
they be ripe, which likewife cleaue afunder of themfelues and caft abroad their feedes much like ? 
ynto Lentils, faith mine Author. But thofe which I haue from yeare to yeare in my Garden bring 
forth feed likethe Cole-florey or Muftard feed; whether they be of two kindes,or the climate doe 
alter the fhape, it refteth difputable,. 


q The ! 


@ The Place. 
_ Thefe plants do profper beft in hot Regions : they are ftrangers in England,and doe with great 
jabour and induftrie grow in thefe cold Countries. 
| G The Time, 
| They muft be fowne in the beginning of Aprill ina bed of hot horfe dung, euen as Muske- 
Melons,Cucumbers, and {uch like cold fruits are, and replanted abroad from the faid bed into 
the moft hot and fertile place of the Gardenat fuch time as they haue gotten three leaues a 
veece, 


a] The Names. : 
{ Diuerfly hath this plant been named ; fome calling it by onename,and fome by another, 
pné as it feemed good tohis fancie. Baptifta Sardus calleth it Balfamina Cucnmerina: others, Viti= 
tellaand Charantiaas alfo Pomum Hierofolyraitanum, or Apples of Hierufalem : in Englith, Balme 
Apple:in Italian,Caran%a - in the Germane tongue, Balfam op ficl 2in French, Merweille ; fome of 
che Latines haue called it Porsum mirabile, or maruellous Apples. It is thought to benamed Bal/z. 
nina, becaufe the oilewherein the ripe Apples be fteeped or in fufed, is taken to bee profitable for 
many things, as is Opobalfamum,or the liquour of the plant Balfamum. pealy 
| The female Balfam Apple is likewife called Balfamina, and oftentimes inthe Neuter Gender 
Balfaminum - Gefner choofeth rather toname it Balfamina amyg daloides + Valerius Cordus,Balfamellas 
ests geloning femina : in Englith, the Female Balme Apples, 

@| The Nature. : 
| The fruit or apples hereof, as alfo the Jeaues, doe notably drie,hauing withallacertaine mode- 


rate coldneffe very neere toa meane temperature, that is after fome hot,in the firft,and drie in the 
fecond degree. 


cuery 


| The Vertues, 

The leques are reported to heale greene wounds if they be bruifed and laid thereon 3; and taken 
with wine they are faid to bea remedie for the collicke ; and an effectual medicine for burftings 
and convulfions or crampes. 

_ The leaues of the male Bal/amina dried inthe fhadow , and beaten into pouder and giuen in 
wine vnto thofe that are mortally wounded in the body,doth cure them inwardly,and helpeth alfo 
she Collicke. 

_ The oile which is drawne forth of the fruit doth cure al! greege and frefh wounds as the true 
jaturall Balfam : it helpeth the crampes and convulffons,and the fhrinking of finewes, being an- 
nointed therewith, : 

It profiteth women thatare in great extremitie of childe-birth in taking away the paine of the 
matrix, caufing eafie deliuerance beeing applied to the place, and annointed vpon their bellies,or 
aft into the matrix witha fyring,and eafeth the dolourof the inward parts. 


It cureth the Hemorrhoides and all other paines of the fundament,being theretoa pplied with 
lint ofoldclouts. 


| The leaves drunken in wine, heale ruptures. f 

_ Hfinde little or nothing written of the property or vertues of the female kinde, but that it is 
hought to draw neere vnto the firft in temperament and vertue._ 

_ Oile oliue in which the fruit (the feede taken forth) is either fet in the Sun,as we dowhen wee 
make oile of rofes,or boiled ina double glaffe fet in hot water,or elfe buried in hot horfe dung,ta- 
ceth away inflammations that are inwounds. It dothalfo eafily and in {hort time confolidate or 
slew them together,and perfe@ly cure then. 

_ Itcureth thevicers of the dugs or paps, the head of the yard or matrix,as alfo the inflamimation 
hereof being inie&ted or conueted into the place with a fyringe or mother peflarie. 

This apple is with good fucceffe applied vnto wounds, prickes and hurts of the finewes.It hath 
steat force to cure {caldings and burnings: it taketh away fcarres and blemifhes,if in the meane 
ime the pouder of the leaucs be taken for certaine daies together. 
| _Itis reported that fuch as be barren are made fruitful herewith, ifthe woman firft be bathed in 
fitand conuenient bath for the purpofe,& the parts about the fhare and matrix annointed here- 
rith,and the woman prelently haue the compan y ofher husband, 4 


Crar. 


C 


H 


k 


= 364. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lie. 
Cuar- 71. Of Ginnie or Indian Pepper. al 


x Capficum lomgioribus (iliquis. $2 Capfecumrotundioribas fi igietas a4 
Long codded Ginnie Pepper. Round codded Ginnie Pepper, 


e | Ape 


\|) & E~ 


DE SH 
3 Capficum minimis filiqnice E Capficifilique varia, , 
Small codded Ginnie Pepper; Varicties of the cods of Ginnie Peppers’ 


mesic a aT ia aaa == 
Lis. 2. Of the Hiforte of Planrs, 
| ef 25 jis Rises Se 
q The Defiription. 
Be) — firft of thefe plants hath fquare ftalkes a foot highi or fomewhar more, Gewirkma 
Ree ny thicke and fat leaues, not vnlike to thofeof garden Nightthade, but narrower and 


| fharper pointed, of a darke greene colour. The floures grow alongft the ftalkes, out of che 
wings of the leaues,of a white colour, hauing for the mott part fiue {mall leaues blafing out like a 

- ftar,with a greene button inthe middle. Atter them grow the cods, greene at the firft, and when 
they be ripe of a braue colour glittering like red coral], in which is contained little flat feeds, of a 
light yellow colour, ofa hot biting tafte like common pepper, as is alfo the cod it felfe : which is 
long, and as big asa finger, and fharpe pointed. 

# 2 Thedifferencethat is betweene this and the laft defcribed is {mall, for it confitts in 
nothing but that the cods are pretty large and round, after the fafhion of cherries,and not fo long 
as thofe ofthe former. + 

3 Thethird kinde of Ginnie pepper is like vnto the precedent in leaues, floures, and ftalkes. 
The cods hereofare fmall, round, and red,very like tothe berries of Dulcamara or wooddy Night- 
fhade, bothin bigneffe, colour, and fubftance, whereinconfifteth the difference : notwithftan- 
ding the feed and cods are very fharpe and biting, as thofe of the firft kinde. : 


+ Capfici filique varie. 
Varieties of thecods of Ginnie pepper. 


+ There are many other varieties of Ginnie pepper, which chiefly confift in the thape and 
colour of the cods : wherefore I thought good ( ak that chiefely becaufe itisa plantthat will 
hardly brooke our climate ) only to prefent you with the figures of their feueral! fhapes, where- 
of the cods of fome ftand or grow vpright, and other fome hang downe : fuch as defire further in- 
formation of this plant, may be aboundantly fatisfied in Clufius his Cure pofter.from pag. 95. to 
pag. 108. where they fhall finde thefe treated of at large in a treatife written in Italian by Grezory 
de Regio,a Capuchine Fryer,and fent to Clu/ius,who tranflating it into Latine,left it to be fer forth 
with other his obferuations, which was performed 2. yeares after his death, towit Aano Domini 
1611.. The figures we here giue are the {ame which are inthat tra@tate. $ 


@ The Place. : ‘ 
Thefe plants are brought from forrein es as Ginnie, India, and thofe parts, into Spaine 
oT and 


26 6 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisa 


ay 


and Italy : from whence we haue receiued feed for our Englifh gardens, where they come to fruit , 


bearing : but the cod doth not come to that bright red colour which naturally it is pofeffed 
with, which hath happened by reafon of thefe vnkindly yeeres that are paft: bur we expect better 
when God (hall fend vsa hotand temperate yeere. 

ay The Time. 

The feeds hereof muft be fowen in abed of hot horfe-dung, as muske-Melonsare, and remoo- 
ued into a pot when they haue gotten three or foure leaues, that it may the more conueniently be 
earied from place to place to receiue the heate of the funne :and are toward Autumne to be caried 
into fome houfe, to auoide the iniurie of the cold nights of that time ofthe yeere, when itis to 
beare his fruite. 

@ The Names. 


Aétuarius calleth it in Greeke ws: in Latine,Capficum : and itis thought ro be thatwhich Ani 
cen nameth ZinXiber caninum, or dogs Ginger: and Pliny,Siliqualtrum, which is more like in tafte 
to pepper than is Punax,and it is therefore called Piperitis, as he hath written in his rg. booke, 
12.chap.Pavax (faith he)hath the taft of pepperand Siliquaftrum,for which caufe it is called Pipe. 
vite. The later Herbarifts do oftentimes call it Piper Indianum, ox Indicum, fometimes Pzper Cali 
cuthium,ox Piper Hifpanicum : in Englith itis called Ginnie pepper,and Indian pepper: inthe Ger- 
mane tongue, gubtanifeher pfeffer + in low Dutch, Bgelilie Weper : in French, Poiured’ Inde ,ve- 
rie well knowne in the fhopsat Billingfgate by the name of Ginnie pepper,where it is vfually to 
be bought. 
q| The Temperature, 


Ginnie pepper is extreame hot anddrie even in the fourthdegree : that is to fay, far hotter and 


drier then CAwicen fheweth dogs ginger to be. 


q The Vertues. 

Ginhie pepper hath the tafte of pepper, but not the poweror yertuc,notw ithftanding in Spaine 
and fundrie parts of the Indies they do vfe to drefle their meate therewith,as te doe with Cale- 
cute pepper :but (faith my Authour) it hath in ita malicious qualitic,whereby at isan enemy to 
the linerand other of the entrails. wcen writeth that it killeth dogs. 

Itis faid to die or colour like Saffron, and being receiued in fuch fort as, Saffron is yfually ta- 
ken, it warmeth the ftomacke, and helpeth greatly the digeftion of meates, * 

It diffolueth the fwellings.about the throat called the Kings Euill,as kernels and cold fwel- 
lings ; and taketh away fpots and lentiles from the face,being applied thereto with honie. 


Cc 


C ware72. Of horned Poppie. 


q The Defcription. 


I He yellow horned. Poppie hath whitith leaues very much cut or jagged, fomewhat ' 
like the leaues of garden Poppie, but rougherand more hairi¢, The ftalks be long, | 


lea 

round, and brittle. The floures be large and wyellow, confifting of foure leaues ; 
which being pait, there come long huskes or cods, crooked like an horne or cornet, wherein 
is conteined {mall blacke feede. The roote is great, thicke, {calie, and rough, continuing 
long. 


2 ‘The {econd kinde of horned Poppie is much flenderer and leffer than the precedent, and 


hath leaites with like deepe cuts as Rocket hath,and fomething hairie. The ftalks be very flender, | 


brittle,and branched into-diuers. armes’ or wings , the floures fmall,made of foure little leaucs, 


c 


ofared colour,witha {mall ftrake of blacke toward the bottome,after which commeth the feed, 


inclofed in flender,long,crooked cods full of blackith feed. Theroot is {mall and fingle,and dieth | 


eucry yeere. 


$.03 This ismuch likethelaft deferibed,and according ro Clufivsrather avariety than diffe- | 
rence. It is diftinguithed from the laft mentioned by,the {moothnes of the leaues,and the colour » 


of the floures,which are ofa pale yellowith red, bothwhich accidents Clufiss afarmes happen to 
the former ,towards the laterend of fommer,. 


There is another fort ofhorned Poppie altogether leffer than the laft defcribed, hauing ; 
tenderer leaues, cut into fine little parcels: the floure is likewife lefler,of a blew purple colour : 


like the double Violets 


a The 


here = OF the Hiftory of Plants. Wis) 7 


+ t 
I Papamer Cornutum flore Luteo. 2. Papauer corautum flore ribro. 


| Lies 4 Yellow aE G Epppies Z mp free horned Pop ie. 
On Arena re 


AAA MA ham LEA 
- Chrbroleg 


£3 Papaner corniculatum phaniceum elabr ums: 


4 Papauer cornutum flore violaceos 
Red horned Poppie with fmooth leaues,) 


Violet coloured horned Poppies - 
Cborrcrinmr vurotcce nA 


& G ‘A: be Dien bk DD inass \\ 


A 


; AAA QA, 


Gaye Pp 


RANT EAM MAIER III SH BO 
368 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Liny.2. 


q The Place. 
The yellow horned Poppie groweth vpon the fands and banks of the fea : [haue found it grow- } 
ing neere vnto Rie in Kent, in the Iles of Shepey and Thanet, at Lee in Effex , at Harwich, at 3 
Whiteftable,and many other places along{t the Englifh coatt. 
' The fecond groweth not wilde in England. Angelus Palea,and Bartholomeus ab ¥rbe-veterumwho ) 
hate commented vpon Mefze, write that they found this red horned Poppic in the kingdomes of | 
Arragon and Caftile in Spaine,and the fields neere vnto common paths. They doe grow in my }) 
Garden very plentifully. 
© The Time. 


They floure from May to the end of Augutt. 


QI The Names. 


Moft Writers haue taken horned Poppie, efpecially thatwith red floures to be Glaucinm «nei- | 
ther is this their opinion altogether vnprobable ; for as Diofcorides faith, Glaucium hath leaues hike? 
thofe of horned Poppey, but “47, that is to fay fatter, sansiéire,lOW,Or lying on the ground,of a} 
ftrong fmell and of a bitter rafte; the iuice alfo is much like in colour to Saffron. Now Lobe/ and | 
Penawitnefle, that this horned Poppie hath the fame kinde of inice,as my felfe likewife can tefti-- 
fic. Diofcorides faith that Glaucium groweth about Hicrapolis, a citie in Syria ; butwhat hinde«. 
reth that it fhould not bee found alfo fomewhere elfer Thefe things fhew it hatha great-affinity j 
with Glaucium, if it benot the true and legitimate Glan cium of Diofcorides. Howbeit the firlt is the; 
Mecon Ceratites,or Papauer cor niculatum of the Antients, by the common confent of all late W 
ters : in Englith, Sea Poppie and Horned Poppie : in Dutch, Geelheul and ogne Weule : inthe: 
Germane Tongue, @elbomagsin French, Pauot Cornu : in Spantth,Dormidera marina. : 


a The Nature. 
Horned Poppies are hot and dric in the third degree. 


q The Vertues. 
The root of horned Poppie boiled in water vnto theconfumption of the one halfe, and drunke; | 
prouok eth vrine,and openeth the {topping of the liuer. 
The feed taken in the quantitic of a {poonefull loofeth the belly gently. 
The iuice mixed with meale and honie,mundifieth old rotten and filthie vicers. 
The leaues and floures put into vnguents or falues appropriate for greene wounds,digeft them: 
that is, bring them towhite matter,with perfect quitture or fanies. 


+ The figure thar formerly was in the fourth place of this chap-vnder the title of Papauer cornutim Luter minus,wasofa Bindeweed called by Clafiws,Convoluulirs | 
fol. Althea-You fhall finde it hereafter in the duc place. The Deferiptuon as far as I can indge was of the Cummum carnicubatum which was pae-909+ 


Cua v.73. Of Garden Poppies. 


G| The Defcription. 


I <i He leaues of white Poppie are long, broad, fmooth, longer than the leaues of Lettuce, | 

whiter,and cut inthe edges : the ftem or ftalke is ftraight and brittle,oftentimes a yard | 

and. halfe high : on the top whereof grow white floures,in which at the very beginning appeareth| 

a {mall head,accompanied witha number of threds or chiues, which being full growne is round,| 

and yet fomething long withall, and hath a couer or crownet vpon the top; it iswith many filmes 

or thin skins diuided into coffers or feuerall partitions,in which is contained abundance of fmall! 
round and whitith feed. The root groweth deepe,and is of no eftimation nor continuance. 

2 Likevnto thisis the blacke garden Poppie,fauing that the floures are not fowhite and fhi-i 
ning,but vfually red,orat leaft {potted or ftraked with fome lines of purple. The leaues are greater! 
more iagged, and fharper pointed. The feed is likewife blacker,which maketh the difference. 

$ 3 . Thereisalfo another garden Poppie whofe leaues are much more finuated, or crefted, | 
and the floure alfo is all iagged or finely cutaboutthe edges, and of this fort there isalfo botlt! 
blacke and white. The floures ofthe blacke are red,and the feed blacke and the other hath bath! 
the floures and feed white. ) 

4 Thereare diuers varieties of double Poppies of both thefekindes, and their colours are’ 
commonly either white, red, darke purple,fearlet, or mixtoffome of thefe, They differ from the 
former onely in the doubleneffe of theirfloures. ; 


x Papauer: 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plancs, sieia 


| 
1 Papauer (ativum album. 3 2 Papatier fativnm nigra, 
| White garden Poppie. Blacke Garden Poppie: 


) 3 Papauer fimbriatum album, 4 Papaner flomultipl.albo & nigro. 
White iagged Poppie. The double white and blacke Poppie. 


B) 


aA) 


\) Wag 


oy i, yi 
veh ) 


“OF the Hiftorie of Plants. Is unig. 


5. There isalfo another kinde of Poppie which oft times is found wilde , the ftalkcs, Icaues 
floures,and heads are like,but leffe thanthofe ofthe precedent:the floures are ofan ouerworn blew- |) 
ifh purple color, after which follow heads fhortand round,which vnder their couer or crownethaue { 
little holes by which the feed may fall out;contrarie to the heads of the former,w hich areclofe _ | 
and open not of themfelues. There is alfoa double on¢ of t his kinde. ¢ | 
d @ The Place. 

'Thefe kinde of Poppies are fowne in gardens,& do afterward come of the fallings oftheir feed, 

f ¥ q The Time. 

They floure moft commonly in Iune. The feed is perfe&cdin Iuly and Augutt. 


+ 5 Papauer [ylucfire. 

Wilde Poppic. _ Ha q The Names. 

Potro r Sonn ere Poppie is called of the Grecians pixe : of the La- 

tines, Papaver - the fhops keepe the Latine name : it is 
called in high Dutch, qpagfamensin low Datch, ue 
el and Mancopsin Englith, Poppie & Cheefebowls: 
in French,Pavot,and olsette,by the Wallons. 

The garden Poppie which hath blacke feeds,is fur- 
named of Diofcorides 2p, or wilde, and is as hee faith 
called jes, becaufe Opinm flowes from it : of Pliny and 
ofthe Latines, Papaner nigrum : whereof there be ma- 
ny variable colours,and of great beautie, although of | 
euill fmell, whereupon our gentlewomendoecallit | 
Tone Siluer pin. 

q The Temperature. 

Allthe Poppies are cold,as Galen teftifieth in his 
booke of-the Faculties of fimple medicines, 
; The V ertues. 

This feed, as Galen faith in his booke of the Facul- | 
ties of nourifhments,is good to feafon bread with; but 
the white is better than the black.He alfo addeth,that’ | 

the fame is coldand caufeth fleepe, and yeeldeth no | 
commendable nourifhment to the body, it isoften v- 
fedin comfits, ferued at the table with other iune || 
ketting difhes. 

The oile which is preffed out of itis pleafantand | 
delightful! to be eaten, and is taken with bread orany | 
other waies in meat,without any fence of cooling. 

A greater force is in the knobs or heads whichdoe |] 
fpecialiy preuaile tomooue fleepe,and toftay and re- 

; preffe diftillations or rheums,and come necrein force || 
to Opium,but more gentle.Opium,or the condenfed inice of Poppie heads is ftrongeft ofall: Ae. || 
comum (which is the inice of the heads and Ieaues) is weaker.Both of them any waies rakeneither 
inwardly,or outwardly applied to the head,prouoke fleepe.o piwm fomewhat too plentifully taken 
doth alfo bring death,as Pline truely writeth. 

D Ic mitigateth all kinde of paines : but it leaueth behinde it oftentimesa mifchicfe worfe than 
the difeafe it felfe,and that hard to be cured,as a dead palfie and fuch like. 

The vie of it, as. Galen in his 11.booke of medicines according to the places affe &ed_ faith, is fo 
offenfiue to the firme and folide parts ofthe body,as that they had need afterwards to be reftored* 

So alfocolliries or cie medicines made with Opium haue beene hurtfull to many ; infomuch 
that they haue weakned the cies and dulled the fight of thofe that haue vfed it:whatfocuer is com- 
pounded of opium to mittigate the extreeme paines of the eares bringeth. hardneffe of hearing. 
Wherefore all thofe medicines and compounds are to bee fhunned that are to be made of Opium, 
and are not to be vfed but in extreme neceffitic; and that it is,when no other mitigater or aflwager 
of paine doth any thing preuaile,as Galen in his third booke of Medicines,according to the places 
affected, doth cuidently declare. 

G, The leaues of poppic boiled in water with a little fugar and drunke,caufeth fleep:or if it be boi- 

* Jed without {ugar,and the head, feet,and temples bathed therewith, it doth effect the fame. 

HH ._Theheads of Poppic boiled inwater with fugar toa firrup caufeth fleepe , and is good againft 

rheumesand catarrhes that diftill & fal downe from the brain into the lungs, & eafeth the cough. 

I The greene knops of Poppie ftamped with barley meale,and a litle barrowes greafe,helpeth S. 
Anthonies fire,called Lewis (acer. 

Thé 


er Of the Hiftory of Plants, et A 


The Ieaues, knops and feed ftamped with vineger, womans milke, and faffron, cuteth an Evy fipe-K 
| das, (another kinde of S. Anthonies fire, and eafeth the gout mightily, and put in the findament 

| asa clifter caufeth fleepe. Test 2 

The feed of black Poppy drunke in wine ftoppeth the flux of the belly 

ing of womens fickneffe. i 
__ ACaudle made of the feeds of white poppy, or made into Almond milk 
| fleepe. 

| . It is manifeft that this wilde Poppy (which I haue deferibed intl 
| which the compofition Déacodium is tobe made, as Gales hath at | 
| booke of Medicines, according to the places affected. Crito 
| mocr ates do appoint #«, or the wilde Poppy, 
Democritus addeth,that it fhould be that wh 
| ethwithoutfowing. Dod, 


jand the ouermuch flow~. I. 
, and fo giuencaufeth M 


i¢ fifth place ) is that of N 
arge treated in his feuenth 
alfo, and after him Themifonand De- 
tobe in the fame compofition , and euen that fame 
ich is not fowen : and fuch an one is this, which grow- 


1 


Cuar. 743 Of Corne-Ro fe, or wilde Poppy. : 


1 Papaner Rheas. 
Red Poppy, or Corne-rofe. 


CP pJpaver OR h DOS» 


mine: 


£ 4 Papauer [pinofum. 
Prickly Poppy. 


Yo} 


tf 


@ The Deféription, j 


I He ftalkes of red Poppy be blacke, tender, and brittle,fomewhat hairy: the leaves are 
cutround about with deepe gathes like thofe of S uccory or wilde Rocket:the floures 
grow forth at the tops of the ftalks, being of a beautifulland gallant red colour,with 

blackith threds compaffing about the middle part of the head : which being fully growne,is leffer 
than that of the garden Poppy : the feed is fimall and blacke. 

2 Thereis alfoa kinde hereof in all poinss agreeing with the former, fauing that the | 
loures of this are very double and beautifull, and therein only confifts the difference, + 


£3. “Thete 


a ae -- a 


SSS 


Ee me mrmons 
a Se 


372 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lip.2. 


+ 3  Thereisa {mallkinde of red Poppy growing: commonly wilde together with the fir - 
defcribed,which is leffer in all parts, andthe floures are of a fainter or ouerworne red inclining 
fomew hat to orange. F 

+ 4  Befides thefe there is another rare plant, which all men and thatvery fitly, have referred 
tothekindes of Poppy. This hatha {lender long and fibrous root, from which arifes a ftalke fome 
cubit high, ditided into fundry branches, round, crefted, prickly, and full of a white pith. The 
Ieaues are divided after the maner of horned poppy,fmoorh,with white veins 8 prickly edges : the 
floure is yellow, atid confifts of foure or fue leanes ; after which fucceeds'a longifh head , being 
either foure, fiue, or {ix cornered, hauing many yellow threds incompafling it: the headwhileft it 
is tender is reddifh at the top, but being ripe it 1s blacke, andit is fecwith many and ftiffe pricks. 
The feed is round, blacke, and pointed; being fix times as big as that of the ordinary Poppy. “$ 

‘ @| Lhe Place, 3 

They grow in earable grounds, among wheat, fpelt, rie, barley, otes,and-other 
borders of fields.  Thedoublered, and prickly P 
vnleffe in the gardens offome prime herbarifts, $ 

G The Time. 

"The fields are garniffied and ouerfpred with thefe wilde poppies in Tune and Auguft. 
gq The Names. a 

t Wilde Poppy ts called in Greeke of Diofcorides, in Latine,Papaner erraticum: Gaza 
according to the Greeke nameth it Paparser fluidum:as allo Lobel,who cals it Pap. Rhys becanfe the 
floure thereof foone falleth away. VWhich name R4eas may for the fame caufe be common, not |} 
onely to thefe, butalfo to the others, ifat be fo called of the fpeedy falling ofthe floures : bur if it 7 
be fyrnamed Rheas of the falling away of the feed (as it appeareth) then {hall itbe proper to that 7) 
which is defcribed in the'fifth place in the foregoing chapter, out of whofe heads the feed eafily 7 
and quickly falls ;as itdoth alfo out ofthis, yet leffe manifeftly. ‘They name itin Prench (ucque- 
licot, Confanons, Panot fauvage : in Dutch, Collen bloemet, Coren volers sin high Dutch, Alappee 
oer: in Enelith, Red Poppy,and Corne-rofe. | : 

+ 4 Somehaue called this Ficus infernalis, from the Italian name Figo del inferne, But Clue 
fiusand Bawhine haue termed it Papaner [pinofum : and the later of them would hane it (and that not 
without good reafon) tobe Glaucivm of Diofcorides, lib.3.cap. 100. And Lalfo probably coniecture || 
it to be the Aippomanes of Cratenas, mentioned by the Greeke Scholiaft of Thcocrstus, as I haue for- 7 
merly briefely declared Chap.62. ¢ 


y are not to be found in this kingdome, 


i 


q| The Nature, . 28 
The facultie of the wilde poppies is like to that of the’ other poppies ; that is to fay cold, and © 
caufing fleepe. ; 
A @ The Vertives: ‘oe 
; Moft men being led rather by falfe experiments than reafon, commend the floures againft the 
Pleurifie, giuing to drinke as fooneas the paine commeth, either the diftilled water, or fyrrup 7| 
made by often infufing the leaues. And yet many tintes it happeneth that the paine ceafeth by + 
that meanes, though hardly fometimes, by reafon that-the fpittlecommeth vp hardly, and with?) 
more difficultie,e{pecially in thofe that are weake,and haue not a {trong conftitution ofbody. Bap { 
tifta Sardus might be counted the Author of this error , who hath written, That moft men have gis 7 | 
ven the floures of this poppy againft the paine of the fides,and that it is good againft the {pitting 


ofbloud. 


Cuar. 75. Of Baflard wilde Poppy. . | 


@| The Defiription. 
f [ He firft of thefe baftard wilde Poppies hath flender weake ftemm foot high, rough and | 


hairy, fet with leaues not vnlike to thofeof Rocket , made of many finallleaues deeply cut” | 
or iagged about the edges. The floures grow at the top of the ftalkes, ofa red colour, with * 
fome fimall blackneffe toward the bottome: The feed is fall, contained in littleround knobs, 
The feed is fmall and threddy. 
2 The fecond is like the firft, fauing that the cods hereof be long, and the other more round, 
wherein the difference doth confift. 
q The Place. 
Thefe plants do grow in the corne fields in Somerfetthire,and by the hedges and high-wayes, | 
as ye trauell from London to Bathe. Lobel found it > in the next field vatoa village in Kent + 
called | 


rowl 


SBS) eg ecm a ae 
Lr; 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: 373 


called Southflect, my felfe being in his company, of purpofe to difcouer fome ftrange plants not 


hitherto written of. we 
+ M®. Robert Lorkinand I found both thefe growing in Chelfey fields, as alfo in thofe belon- 


ing to Hamerfmith : but the fhorter headed:one is a floure ofa more elegant colour, and not fo 
-plentifullastheother. + ; 


2 Argemone capitulo longiore, 
Long codded wilde Poppy; 
Popo Ze ie 


e3 


ye. 


- | The Time, 

_ They floure in the beginning of Auguft,and their {ced is ripe at the end thereof, 

a The Names. § 
The baftard wilde Poppy is called in Grecke Aywem : in Latine, drgemone, Argemonia, Concordsa, 
Concordalis, and Herba liburnica : of fome,Pergalium, Arfela,and SacrocollaHerba : 10 Englifh, VVind, 
rofe, and baftard wilde poppy. te 
: by rf @ The Temperature, 

They ate hot and dry in the third degree. ° . 

q The Vertues. ; : 

The leaues ftamped, and the iuyce dropped into the eyeseafeth the inflammation thergof; and A 
cureth the difeafe of the eye called Argema,whereofit tooke his name: which difeafe when ithap- “ 
neth on the blacke of the eye it appeares white,and contrariwife when it is in the white then it ap; 
peareth blacke of colour. 

The leaues-ftamped and bound vnto the eyes or face that are blacke or blew by meanes of fome § 
a or fries dan perfectly take itaway. Thedry herbe fteeped in warme water worketh the ~ 

ike effe &. 

The leaues and roots ftamped, and the iuyce giuien in drinke,helpeth the wringing or gripings 
ofthe belly. The dry herbe infufed in watme water doth the fame effeCtually. 

The herbe ftamped, cureth any wound, vicer, canker, or fiftula, being made vp intoan vnguent D) 
or falue, with oile,wax,anda little turpentine. , 

‘The inyce taken in the weight of two drammes, with wine, mightily expelleth poyfon or ve-. & 


nome, #4, 
ane 
\ * 


374 = OF theHiftoryof Plants Ltn, 


y) 


BE The inyce taketh away warts ifthey be rubbed therewith ; and being taken in meate it helpes 
the milt or fpleene ifit be wafted. 


Of Winde-floures. 
q 7 he Kindes, 


Te ftoche or kindred of the Amemones or Winde-foures , efpecially in their varieties of co- | 
lours, are without number, orat the leaft not fufficiently knowne vnto any one that hath writ- 
tenofplants. For Dodoneus hath fet forth fiue forts ; hai ; Tabernamontanus ten: My felfe | 
haue in my garden twelue different forts :and yet I do heare of diuers more differing very notably 
from any of thefe ; which I haue briefely touched, though not figured, euery new yeare bringing} 
with itnew and ftrange kindes ; and euery countrey his peculiar plants of this fort, which are fent 
vnto vs from far countries, in hope to receiue from vs {uch as our countrey yeeldeth. 


Cuar. 76: 
} 


1 Anemone tuberofa radice. 2 Anemone coccinea multiplex. ze 


Purple Winde-floure. Double Skarlet Winde-floure, 


q The Defcription. 


i He firft kinde of Anemone or W inde-floure hath {mall leaues very much fnipt or iag- | 
ged almoft like vnto Camomile, or Adonis floure : among which rifeth yp a ftalke 
bare or naked almoft vnto the top ; at which place is fet two or three leaues like the : 

other :and at the top of the ftalke commeth forth a faire and beautifull floure compact of feuen 

teaues, and fometimes eight, of a violet colour tending to purple. Itis impoffible to defcribe the 
colour in his full perfe@ion, confidering the variable mixtures. The root is tuberous or knobby, | 
and very brittle. 


2 Thee 


Lina Of theHiftoryof Plans. == gyg 


3 Anemone maxima Chalcedonicapolyanthos: 
The great double Winde-floure of Bithynias 


4 Anemone Chalcedonica fimplici lore. % Anemone Bulbocaltani radice, 
| The fingle Winde-foure of Bithynia. Chefhut VV indé-floure, 
: Anenronre Moles Is. 


6 Anemone 


a 


A 
B 
Cc 


D 
E 


378 Of the Hiftory of Plants. sb ak 


fome foot high, the top whereof is adorned with a floure confifting of two ranks of leaucs,whereof | 
thofeon the outfide are larger, rounder pointed, and fometimes {nipt ina little , the reft are nar- 
rower and fharper pointed : the colour of thefe leaues is yellow, deeper on the infide,and on the 
outfide there are fome {mall purple veines running along {ft thefe leaves ofthe floure. The root is 4) 
fome two inches long, the thickeneffe of ones little finger, with fome tuberous knobs hanging | 
thereat + 

8 The cighth hath many large leaues deeply cut or iagged,in fhape like thofe of the Storks bil | 
or Pinke-needle ; among which rifethvp anaked ftalke, fet about toward the top with the like | 
leaues, but fmallerand more finely cut, bearing at the top of the ftalkea fingle floure confifting ; 
of many fmal] blew leaues, which do change fometimes into purple, and oftentimes into white, 
fet about. blackith pointall, with fome fimall threds like vntoa pale ur border. The root is thick 
and knobby. i 

9 Theninth forrof Anemone hath leaues like vnto the garden Crow-foot:the ftalke rifeth )| 
vp from among ft the leaues, ofa foot high, bearing at the top faire white floures made of fue : 
fall leaues , in the middle whereof are many little yellow chiues or threds. The root is made of § 
many {lender threds or ftrings,contrarie toall the reft of the WV inde-floures. 


to Thetenth fortof Anemone hath many leaues like wnto the common medow Trefoile, | 
fleightly fniptabout the edges like a faw : on the top of the flender ftalkes ftandeth a fingle white 
floure tending to purple, confifting ofeight {mall leaues, refembling in fhape the floures of com= 


mon field Crow-foot. The root is knobby, with certaine ftrings faftned thereto, 
rt. Theeleuenth kinde of Anemone hath many iagged Jeaues cut euen to the middle rib,re- - 
fembling the leaues of Geranium Columbinum, or Doues foot. The leaues that do embrace the ten-=- 
der weake ftalkes are flat and fleightly cut: the floures grow at the top of the ftalkes, of abright i 
fhining purple colour, fetabout a blackifh pointall, with fmall thrums or chiues like a pale. The 
foot is knobby, thicke, and very brittle, as are moft of thofe ofthe Anemones. 
a The Place. 
Allthe forts of Anemones are ftrangers,and not found growing wilde in England ; notwith-. 
ftanding all and eucry fort of them do grow in my garden very plentifully, 
gy The Time. 
They do floure from the beginning of Ianuarie to the end of Aprill, at what time the floures doz 
fade, and the feed flieth away with the winde,if there be any feed at all ; the which I could neuer as 
yet obferue. 


q The Names. 

Anemone,ot Winde floure is fo called, % weit; that is to fay, of the winde , for the floure doth} 
neuer open it felfe but when the winde doth blow, as P/izy writeth : whereupon alfoit is named of) 
diuers Herba venti : in Englifh, Winde-floure. 

Thofewith double floures are called in the Turky tongue Gil, and Gul Catarmer:and thofe witht 
{nal] iagged leaues and double floures are called Lalé benzede, and Galipoli lale. They do call thofe’ 
with {mall iagged leaues and fingle floures BiniZate & binizade, and BiwiZante, 

@| The Temperature, 
Allthe kindes of Anemones are fharpe, biting the tongue, and ofa binding qualitie. 
gy TheVertues. 
The leaues ftamped, and the iuyce fniffed vp into the nofe purgeth the head mightily. 
The root champed or chewed procureth fpitting,and cau feth water and flegme torun forth outi 


_ ofthe mouth, as Pellitorie of Spaine doth. 


It profiteth in collyries for the eyes,to ceafe the inflammation thereof. 

The iuyce mundifieth and clenfeth maligne,virulent,and corrofiue vicers. 

The feaues and ftalkes boyled and eaten of Nurfes caufe them to hauemuch milke: it prouo- 
keth the termes, and eafeth the leprofie,being bathed therewith. 


+Cuapv.77. Of diners other Anemones,or Winde-fioures: | 


g| The Kindes. 


$ ogee floures which are in fuch efteeme for their beauty may well bediuided into two 

_ forts, that is, the Latifolza, or broad leaued, and the Tenuzfolza, or narrow Jeaued : now) 

of each of thefe {orts there are infinite varieties, which confift inthe fingleneffe and doublenefld 
Of the floures, and in their diuerfitie of colours , which would aske a large difcourfe to handle 


exadtly, Wherefore I onely intend (befides thofe fet downe by our Authour) to giue you the! 


figures 


Lesh. ; OF the Hiftory of Plants. 379 


figures of fome few others, with a8 defcription, briefly taken out of the Workes of the learned ~~ 


| and diligent Herbarift Carolus C 


wfiws, where fuch as defire further difcourfe vpon this fibied& 


| may be aboundantly fatisfied :and fuch as do not vnderftand Latine may finde as large fatisfaQi 


| onin the late Worke of M’, zohn Parkinfon .whereas the 
large, but alfo learne the way to raife them of feed, which hath beena thing not | 
‘cept to fome few ; ) and thence hath rifen this great vari 
jdens fo much abound, 


| 
| 
{ 


| 
i 


vith a paler coloured ring incompaffing a hairy head fet about with 


groweth a fingle floure, confifting of eight leaues ofa bright fhining skarlet 
z floure is hairy or downie,This is Azem. latifol. fimpl, flo, 16. of Clufius. 


i 
q 


: 
j 


t This in fhape of ro 
i their vpper fides : th 


Befides thefe varieties here Mentioned 
the floure, or the nailes which make a circle at the botto 


y thall not onely haue their hiftorie at 
ong knowne (ex. 
etie of thefe floures,wherewith fome gars 


@ The Defiription, 


I He root of this is like to that of the Lr double red Anemone deferibed in the third 
place of the precedent chapter ; and the leaues alfoare like, but leffer and deeper co- 
Joured, The ftalke growes fome foot high, flender and greene, at the top whereof 


colour on the infide, 
purple thtums ; the outfide of 


£ 1 Anemone latifolia flore coccineo. 
The broad Jeaued skarlet Anemone, TI 


£ 2 Anemone latifolia flore magno coccineo, 
he skarlet Anemone with the large floure ' 


<a 
AUTEN Ns 
mw 


SoS 


Py and the botfomes of the leaues of the floures are of a paler co« 
ity head. This is the eighteenth of Clufins, 
 thereare many others which in the colour of the leaues 


me thereof, doe differ each from other; 


dw let vs come to the narrow leaued ones,which alfo differ little but in colour of their floures, 
. 


Tia2 4 The 


PRINCI IDR og EET SPO. a ee i 
280 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2 


Pach A i Te ise SS 


$ 3 Anemone latifolia ByXantina. , + 4 Ancmone tenuifolia flore amplofanguineo. | 
The broad leaued Anemone of Conftantinople. Small leaued Anemonewith the fanguine | 
floure. | 


£5 ‘Anemone tenuifolia flore coccineo. + 6 Anemonetenuifol, flo. dilute purpurcos 
The fmall leaued skarlet Anemone. The light purple {mall leaued Anemone, 


Ly eee B Of the Hiftory of Plants. 381 


$ 7 Anemonetenuifol. flo, exalbide. £ 8 Anemone tenwifolia flo. carneo ftriato. 
| The whitith {mall leaued Anemone. The fttiped fleth-coloured Anemone, 


F io Anemone tenuifol, flo. pleno atropurpura/centes 
The double darke purple Anemone. : 


382 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liss. 
4 Theroorof this isknotty and tuberous like thofe of other Anemones, and the leaues are 
much divided and cut in like to thofe of the firft defcribed in the former Chapter: the ftalke + 
(which hath three or foure leaues ingirting it, as in all other Anemones) at the top fultaineth aj 
faire fanguine floure confifting of fix large leaues with great white nailes. The feeds are contai- | 
ned indownie heads like as thofe of the former. This is Aaem. tenuifol. fimpl. flo. 6. ot Clufivs. 

5 This differs from the former in the floure, which confifts of fix leaues made fomwhat roun- - 
der than thofe of the precedent : their colour is betweene a skarlet and fanguine. And there is ava- | 
rictic hereof alfo ofa bricke colour. This is theeighth of Clufius, . 

6 This differs from the reft, in that the floure 1s compofedof fome fourteene or more leaues, | 
and thefe ofa light purple, or fefh-colour. This is the ninth of Clufiws. 

7 The floure of this is large, confifting of fix leaues, being at the firft ofa whitith greene,and 
thentending toa flefhcolour,with their nailes greene on the outfide; and white within, and the : 
threds in the middle ofa fleth colour, There isa leflerof this kinde, with the floure of a flefh co- | 
lour, and white on the outfide, and wholly whitewithin, with the nailes greenifh. Thefe are the : 
tenth and eleuenth of Clufius. 

8 This flourealfo confifts of fix leaues ofa fleth colour, with whitifh edges on the outfide ; 
the infide is whitith, with fleth coloured veines running to the middeft thereof, 

Befides thefe fingle kindes there are diuers double both of the broad and narrow leaued Anes 
mones, whereof I will only defcribe and figure two, and refer you to the forementioned Authors ; 
for the reft, which differ from thefe onely in colour. 

9  Thisbroad leaued double Anemonie hath roots, ftalkes, and leaues like thofe of the fingle | 
ones of this kinde, and at the top of the ftalke there ftands a faire large floure compofed of twoor | 
three rankes of leaues, {mall and long,being ofa kinde of skarlet or orange-tawny colour ; the bot. |} 
tomes of thefe leaues make a whitith circle, which giues a great beauty to the floure,and the dow- | 
nie head is ingirt with fanguine threds tipt with blew. This is the Pano major 1. of Clufius. 

10 This in fhape of roots,leaues, and ftalkes refembles the formerly defcribed narrow leaued |! 
Anemones, but the floure is much different from them, for it confifts firft of diuers broad leaues, , 
which incompaffe a great number of fmaller narrow leaues, which together make a very faire and || 
beautifull floure : the outer leaues hereof are red, and the inner leaues of a purple Veluet colour. | 
Of this kinde there are diuers varieties, as the double white,crimfon,bluth, purple, blew, carna- + 


tion,rofe-coloured, &c. 


@| The Place andTime, , 
Thefe are onely tobe found in gardens, and bring forth their floures in the Spring. 


q Their Names. 


I indge it no waies pertinent to fet downe more of the names than is already delivered in their | 
feuerall titles and defcriptions. 


@| Their Temper and Vertues. 


Thefeare ofa hot and biting facultie, and not (that I know of) at this day vfed in medicines, . 
vnleffe in fomeone or two ointments : yet they were of more vfe amongft the Greeke Phyfitions, , 
who much commend the inyce of them for taking away the feares and {ealeswhich grow on the 3 
eyes ; and by them ate called. era, and Awesusm- | 

Trallianus a\fo faith, That the floures beaten inoyle, and fo anointed, caufe haire to grow where : 


it is deficient. 
The vertues fet downe in the former Chapter doalfo belong to thefe here treated of, as thefe : 


here deliuered are alfo proper tothem. + 


Cuar. 78. Of wilde Anemones, or Winde-floures. 


a] The Kindes. 


Ike as there be many and diuers forts of the garden Anemones, fo are there of the wild kindes ‘ 
4 alfo,whichdo vary efpecially in their floures. 


a Th) 


383 


Lanz, Of the Hiftory of Plants, | 
Sra NARA ES Se EE, 0: 


1 UAnemone nemorum lutea, 
Yellow wilde Winde floure? 


ror Romunerlorues 


2 Anemone nemorumalba, 
White winde floure; 


)  ¥ 3 Anemone nemorum flo, pleno aloo; 4 Anemone nemorum flo.pleno purpuraftentes 
The double white wood nemone, The double purplith wood Aneinone; 


384. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Les. 2, 


@ The defcription. . 
I pis firtofthele wilde Anemoneshath iagged leauesdéepely cut ot indented, which do 
grow vpon the middle part of aweake and tender ftalke: at the topwhereof doth ftand 
a prettie yellow floure madeof fix {mall leaues, andin the middle of the floure there isa little 
‘blackith pointell, and certaine {lender chiues or threds. The root is {mall, fom ewhat knottie and 


very brittle. 

: The fecond hath iagged leaues,not ynlike to water Crowfoot or mountaine Crowfoot. The 
flower groweth at the top of the ftalke not vnlike to the precedent in fhape,{auing that this is of a 
milke white colour, the root is like the other. ° 

+ There is alfo of this fingle kindetwo other varieties the one with a purple floure, which wee 
may therefore call Ancrmone nemorum purpurea , the wilde purple W inde-floure. And the other 
witha Scarlet (or rather a Bluth) coloured flourewhichwe may terme 4 aemone nemorum coccinia, 
Thewilde Scarlet wind floure. Thefe two differ not in other re{peéts from the white wind floure.= 

3 There is in fome choice gardens one of this kinde with white floures very double,as is that 
of the Scarlet Anemone, and Lhad one of them giver mee bya worfhipfull Merchant of London, 
called M'.loha Franqueuille, my very good friend. 

4 This insootsand ftalkes is like the laft defcribed wood Avemonesor winde floures.But 
this and the laft mentioned double one haue leaues on two places of their ftalks ; whereas the fin- 
gle ones hauc them but in one,and that is about the middle of the ftalkes. The floure of this dou~ 
ble one confifts of fome fortie or more little leaues,whereof the outermoft are the biggeft the bot- 
tomes or nailes of thefe leaues are of a deepe purple, but the other parts of a lighter blufh co- 
lours 

q The Place. 


Allthefe wilde fingle Azemones grow in moft woods and copfes through England,except that 
with the yellow floure, which as yet I haue not feene : notwith{tanding 1 haue one of the greater 
kindes which beareth yellow floures,whofe figure is not expreffed nor yet defcribed, for that it 
dothvery notably refemble thofewith fingle floures, but is of {mall moment, either in beatitie of 
the floure,or otherwife. ~ Thedouble ones grow onely infome few gardens. + 

«| The Time. 
They floure from the middeft of Februarie vnto the end of Aprill, or the midft of May. 
q The Names. 
+ Thefirftofthefe by moft Writers is referred to the Ranunculi, or Crowfeet , and Lobel cals 


it fitly Ranunculus nemorofus luteus: only Dodoneus Cefalpinus andour Authour haue made it an U4- | 


wemone. 
2 Thiswith the varieties alfo by Tragus, Fuchfins, Cordus, Gefner, Lobell,and others, is madea 


Ranunculus: yet Dodonans,Cefalpinus, and our Authour haue referred it tothe cAnemones. Clufine | 


thinkes this to be Anemone, cus. of Theophraftus. 
3 Clufius calls this Anemone Limonia, or Ranunculys (jluarnm flo.pleno albo. 
4 Andhe ftiles this Anem.limonia, or Ranunc fil flore pleno purpurafcente, £ 
q| The Temperature and V ertues. 
The faculties and temperature of thefe plants are referred tothe garden forts of Anemones. 


Cuar. 79. Of Baflard eAnemones, or Pafque floures. 
q The Defcription, 


I 


He firft of chefe Pafque floures hath many fmall leaues finely cut or tagged , like» 


thofe of Carrots : among which rife vp naked ftalkes, rough and hairie; whereupon doe - 


grow beautifull floures bell fafhion, of a bright delaied purple colour: in the bottome whereof 


groweth a tuftof yellow thrums,and in the middle of the thrums it thrufteth forth a fmall purple ¢ 


pointell : when the whole floure is paftthere fucceedeth an head or knop compat of many gray 
hairy lockes,and inthe folide parts of the knops lieth the feed flat and hoarie, euery feed hauing 
his owne final! haire hanging at it, The root is thicke and knobby, ofa finger long, running right 
downe,and therefore not like vnto thofe of the Anemonewhich it doth inall other parts very nota- 
bly refemble, and whereof'no doubt this is a kinde. 

2 There is no difference atall in the leaues, roots,or feedes, betweene this red Pafque floure 
and the precedent, nor inany other point, but in the colour of the floures ; for whereas the other 


are < 


- Livni: Of the Hiftory of Plants. 385 | 


5 ig which fetteth forth the difference. 

Pt aewate seute nach Cau tee iagged leaues , clofely couched or thruft toge- 
\ ther, which refemble an Holi-water fprinckle , agreeing with the oats in ee eh: 
ii fhape of floures, fauing that thefe are of awhite colour, wherein chiefely confifteth the diffes 
» rence. : , 

j i cots and leaues little differs from the precedent, but the floures 
Beste, of ve. ma ke and feldome open or fhew themfclues fo much abroad as the 
» other of the firft defcribed,to which in all other refpects it is very ae Balers 
> 5 There is alfo another kinde with leaues leffe diuided, but in other parts ue thofe already 
) defcribed,fauing that the floure is ofa yellow colour fomething inclining toared.. ¢ 


j z Pulfatilla rubra, 
1 Pulfatilla vulgaris. 2 
Purple Paffe floure, sis Red Paffe floure, 


Un wnonte “YL Le § AZeCor 


rain 18 se 


nin SS 


Te eS ON 


2 eee SA NY ee 
Ny) hy 


The Place. 

Ruellivs writeth, that the Paffe floure pee in France in vntoiled places: in Germanie they 
/gtow inrough afid tonie places, and oftentimes on rockes. 
| Thofe with purple floures doe gtowverie plentifully inthe paftureor clofe belonging to the 
' parfonage houfe of a {mall village fix miles from Cambridge , called Hilderfham : the Parfons 
“name that liued at the impreffion hereofwas M'.Fuller,a very kind and louing man,and willing to 
/fhew vntoany man the {aid clofe, who defired the fame. 

| The Time. 
| They floure for the moft part about Eafter, which hath mooued mee to name it Pafque Floure, 


Jor Eafter floure : and often they doe floure againe in September . { The yellow kinde floures 


inMay. + 
| Gq The Names, 

| + Pafe floure is called commonly in Latine Pylfatilla : and of fome, Apium rifus,c» herbaven- 
}t#.Dale(thampius would haue itto be Anemone Limonia & Samolus of Pliny : in French, Coquelourdes: 
jin Dutch, Ineckentehell : in Englith, Pafque floure, or Paffe floure, and after the Latine name 


toe or Flaw floure : in Cambridge-fhire where they grow, they are named Couentrie 
'bels, 


@| Th 


386 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz.2. 


3 Pulfatilla flore aloo. + 4. Pulfatilla floreminore. 
White Paffe floure. The leffer purple Paffe floure, 


@ The Temperature. 

Paffe floure doth extremely bite, and exulcerateth and eateth into the skinne if it be amped 
and applied to any part of the body;whereupon it hath been taken of fome to bea kinde of Crow- 
foot, and not without reafon, for that i¢is not inferiour to the Crowfoots : and therefore it is hot 
and drie. 


@| The Vertues. 
. . . at : . . 
There is nothing extant in writing among Authours of any peculiar vertue,but they ferue one- 
ly for the adorning of gardens and garlands,being floures of great beautie, 


Cuar.80. Of eAdonu floure. 


4] The Defcription, 


r¢ ale firft hath very many flenderweake ftalkes, trailing or-leaning to the ground, fet on 
euerie part with fine iagged leaues very deepely cut like thofe of Camomill,or rather 
thofe of May-weed : vponwhich ftalkes do grow {mall red floures, in fhape like the field Crow- 
foot, with a blackith greene pointell in the middle which being growne to maturitie turneth into 
a fall greenith bunch of feeds, in fhape like a little bunch of grapes. Theroot is fmall and 
threddie, 
2 The fecond differethnot from the precedent in any one point, but in the colour of the 
floures,which are of a perfec yellow colour,wherein confifterh the difference. 


@ The Place, 

The red floure of Adonis groweth wilde in the Weft parts of England among their corne,euen 
as May-weed doth in other parts,and is likewifean enemie tocorne as May-weed is : from thence 
I brought the feed,and haue fowne itin my garden for the beautie of the floures fake, That with 
the yellow foure isa ftranger in England, 


«| The 


| Lose. Of the Hiftory of Plants. <e 


| 1 Flos Adonis florerubro. G The Time. 
Adonis,with red floures. , 
| Qolo mAs 


They floure in the Sommer moneths 
* 3 
May, Iune,a nd Iuly,and fometimes later. 
The Nawmes. 

Adonis floure 1s called in Latine Flos. 4. 
donts,and Adonidis: of the Dutchmen, -fe! 
Dzoflin s in Englith wee may call it Re 
Maythes, by which name it is called ofthem 
that dwell where it groweth naturally,and ge- 
nerally Red Camomill: in Greeke, igzrsuor, ¢ 


Rofe-a-tubie, 
G] The Temperature. 

There hath not-beeneany that hath writ- 
ten of the Temperature hereof; notwithftan- 
ding, fo farréas the tafte thereof fheweth, it 
is fomething bot,but not much. 


is qT he Vertues. 


Thefged of Adonis flower is tl 
beegondugainft the fone: amongt 
cients it was not knowne to haueany other fa- 
cultie albeit experience hath of late taught 
vs,that the feed ftamped, and the pouder gi- 
uen in wine,ale, orbeere to drinke, doth won- 
detfully and with great effeé helpe the col- 
licke. 


Cuar. 8. Of Dockes. 


@ The Kindes, 


i Tofcorides fetteth forth foure kindes of Dockes ; wilde or fharpe pointed Docke ; Garden 
q Docke ; round leafed Docke; and the Soure Docke called Sorrell : befides thefe the later 
| Herbarifts haue added certaine other Dockes alfo, which I purpofe tomake mention of. 
q The Defcription. 
Ress ip Batmbich among the Latines fignifieth to foften, eafe, or purge the bellie 
fignification hath aa , among the Grecians : whereof Lapathum and 2. 
}do reade) tooke their names for herbes which are vfed in pottageand medicine, very w 
jto hauethe power of cleanfing : of thefe there be many kindes and differences, great {tore euery 
where growing, among whom is that which isnow called fharpe pointed Docke,or fharpe leafe 
»Docke. It groweth in mof medowes and by running ftreames,hauing long narrow leaues (harpe 
and hard pointed : among the which commeth vp round hollow ftaiks ofa browne colour, hauing 
jioynts like knees, garni(hed with fuch like leaues, but fmaller: at the end whereof grow many 


roa) 


WHloures of a pale colour,oneaboue another, and after themcommerh a brownifh three fquare 


> fame 
(as fome 
{ KHOWwne 


feede, lapped in browne chaifie huskes like Patience. The roote is great, long, and yellowe s 


within. 
| 4 There is a varietieof this with crifpedor curled leaues whole figure was by our Authour 
‘gtuen in the fecond place in the following chapter, vader the Title of Hydvolapathum minus. + 

) 2 The fecond kind of tharpe pointed Docke is like the firft,but much fmaller,and doth beare 
his feed inrundles about his branches in chaffic huskes, like Sorrell,not fo much in vfews the for- 
‘mer,called alfo tharpe pointed Docke. ‘ 
| + 3 This inroots,ftalkes,and feeds is like to the precedent ; but the leaues are fhorter,and 
irounderthan thofe of the firft deferibed, 8 therin confifts the chiefe difference betwixt thi 
| a The Place. 

| Thefe kindes of Docks do grow,as is before frid,in medowes on} by rivers fides, 


its 


o 


c 


388 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. “Line 


t 1 Lapathum acutum, 2 Lapathum acutum mini: 
Sharpe pointed Docke, Small fharpe Docke. 
= : 
gos .\ fe 


EN 
Vary 


$3 Lapathum filucftre fol.minees acto, 
The roundith leaued wilde Docke. @ The Time. 


fn . 
ob ls fobs They floure in Iuneand Iuly. 
& @ The Names. 

RN They are called in Latine Lapathum acutum,Rite 

> mex, Lapatium, & Lapathinm: of fome,oxylapathum: 
in Englith, Docke,and (harpe pointed Docke,the > 
greater and the lefler :of the Gracians, Wert 
in high Dutch, sengelwourts, Sptverfibourtss 
in Italian,Rombice : in Spanifh, Romaqa, Paradclla, | 
in Low Dutch, Datich (which word is deriued of” 
Lapathum) and alfo aeerdick + in French, Pareille. 

+ The third is Lapathum folio retufo,or minus a- 
cuto of Lobell. and Hippolapat hum fyluc{t.of Tabera.$ 

The Nature and V ertucs. 

Thefe herbes are of a mixture betweene cold 
and heat,and almoft drie in the third degree,efpe- 
cially the feed which is very aftringent. 

The pouder ofany of the kinds of Docks drunk 
inwine, ftoppeth the laske and bloudie flixe, and 
eafeth the pains of the ftomacke. 

The roots boiled til they bevery foft,and ftame 
ped with barrowes greafe, and made into an oint- 
ment helpeth the itch and all fcuruie feabs and | 
mangines. And for the fame purpofe it fhall bee 
neceffarie to boile them inwater,asaforefaid,and 
the partie to be bathed and rubbed therewith. 


igure in the former edition was of Hydrolapathum ma 
itt i cK apter 5 and thefigure of that we giue youin th 
in the firlt place ofthe following chap.vnder the fores 


“Lis.z .  Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. os 


Cuare 82 Of Water Dockes 


Tt 1 Hydrolapathum magnum, t+ 2 Bydrolapathum minus, 
Great WVater Docke. Small Water Docke,. 


ee a ne 7 pet 


4 Hippolapathu 
Baftard Rubarb, 


id 


390 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


— | 


£ 5 Lapathumfativum fanguinenm. 5 
Bloudwoort. The Deferiplion, 
O Cave e r eee wee) 4 3 Cy i 
" A t He Great water Docke hath ve- 
ry long and great lcaues, ftifte, , 
and hard, not vnlike tothe Garden Pati. . 
ence,but much longer. The flaike rifeth vp ) 
toa great height,oftentimes to the height 
of fiue foot or more. The flow c groweth ag ; 
the top of the ftalke in fpokie tufts,brown } 
of colour.The feed is containcd in chaffie : 
huskes, three {quare, ofa fhining pale cod 4 
lour.The root is very great,thicke, browre » 
without,and yellowifh within. 

2 The fmallwater Docke hath fhort 
narrow leaues;fet vpona ftiffe falke. The 
floures grow fromthe middle of the flaike 
vpward in fpokierundles, fetin {paces by? 
cestaine diftances rourd about tke ftalke, 
as are the floures of Horchound : Which 
Docke is of all the kinces moft common 
and of leffe vfe, and taketh no pleafure or > 
delight in any one foile or cwellirgplace, 
but is found almoft cuery whére, aswell, 
vpon the land as in waterte places, but ef 
pecially in gardens among good and hole. , 
fome pot-herbes,being there better known 
than welcome orde fired: wherefore] in- | 
tendnot to fpend further time about hist 
defcription . 


Co 


The Garden Patience hath very ftrong ftalks, furrowed or cham fered, of eight or nine foot > 
high when it groweth in fertile ground, fet about with great large leaues liketo thofe of the water ) 
Docke, hauing alongft the flalkes toward the top floures of a light purple colour declining to%s 
browneneffe. The feed is three fquare, contained inthin chaflie huskes, like thofe of the common, 
Docke.The root is veric great,browne without,and yellow within,in colour and tafte like the true: 
Rubarb, ; 

4 Bavtard Rubarb hath great broad round leaues, in fhape like thofe of the great Bur-docke, , 
The ftalke and feeds are {o like vnto the precedent,that the one cannot be knowne from the other, | 
fauing that the feeds of this are fomewhat Jeffer. The root is exceeding great and thicke,very like 
vnto the Rha of Barbarie, as well in proportion as in colour and tafte, and purgeth after the fame 
manner,but muft be taken in greater quantitie,as witneffeth that famous learned Phyfition now le 
uing,M'. Doétor Bright, and others,who hau experimented the fame. ~ q 

5 This fifthkinde of Docke is beft knowne vnto all, ofthe ftocke or kindred of Dockes; it: 
hath long thin leaues, fometimes red in euery part thereofjand often ftripped here and there with | 
lines and ftrakes of adarke red colour ; among whichrife vp ftiffe brittle ftalkes the fame cor. 
lour : on the top whereof come forth fuch floures and feed as the common wildedocke hath. The: 
root is likewife red or of a bloudie colour. ; 

@ The Place. uy 

They do grow for the moft part in ditches and water-courles, very common through England, | 
The two laft faue one do grow in gardens; my felfe and others in London and elfwhere haue them 
growing forour vie in Phyfickeand chirurgeric. The laft is fowne for a pot-herbe in moft gardens, 


q The Time, 


Mof of the dockes do rife vp in the Spring of the yeare, and their feed is ripe in lune and Au 


@| The Names, 


rhe dockeis called in Greeke stmsv:in Latine,Rumex,and Lapathum;yet Pliny inhis 19 Booke, 
Chapter, feemeth to attribute the name of Ramex onely to the garden docke, 


| bene. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 391 


The Monkes Rubarbe is called in Latine Rumex fativus, and Patientia,or Patience, which word , 
) is borrowed of the French,who call this herbe Patience : afterwhom the Dutch men name this pot 
Vherbe alfo pattentiesof fome,Rbabarbarum Monachorum,or Monkes Rubarbe : becaufe as it fhould 
)feeme fome Monke or other haue vfed the root hereof in ftead of Rubarbe. 
é Bloudwoort,or bloudy Patience,is called in Latine Lapathum fanguineum : of fome, Sanguis Dram 
conts,of the bloudie colour wherewith the whcle plant is poffeft, and is of pot-herbes the chiefe or 
oP nauing the propertie of the baftard Rubarbe; but of leffe force in his purging quality, 


q Ther cmperature, 


: Generally all the Dockes are cold, fome little and moderately,and fome more :they doe all of 
pthem drie,but not all after one manner : notwithftanding fome are of opinion that they are dry al- 
jmoft in the third degree. 


{ q The Vertues. 


) The leaues of the Garden Docke or Patience tay be eaten, and are fomewhat colde,but more A 

}moift,and haue withalla certaine clammineffe ; by reafon whereof they eafily and quickely paffe 

ethrough the bellywhen they be eaten :and Diofcorides writeth,that all the Dockes beeing bailed 
doe mollifie the bellie:which thing alfo Horace hath noted inhis fecond booke of Sermons, the 
ourth Satyre,writing thus, 


eS dura morabitur aluus 
Mugil us cr viles pellent obftantiaconche, 
Et lapathi brenis herba. 
ple calleth ita thort herbe, being gathered before the ftalke be growne vp ; atwhich timeitis fit- B 
veftto be eaten. 
) And being fodden,it is not fo pleafant to bee eaten as either Beetes or Spinage: it ingendreth C 
“noiitbloud ofa meane thicknefle, and which nourifheth little. 
) Theleaues of the tharpe pointed Dockes arecold and drie: but the feed of Patience, and the D 
water Docke doe coole, with acertaine thinneffe of {ix>ftance, 
The decodion of the roots of Monkes Rubarbe is drunke againft the bloudy flix,the laske,the 
ivambling of the ftomacke which commeth of choler: and alfo againft the ftinging of ferpents, 
As Diofcorrdes writeth. 
» It isalfo good againft the {pitting ofbloud, being taken with Acacia(orhis fuccedaneum, the x 
blried iuice of floes)as Plinie writeth, 
} Monkes Rubarb or Patience is.an excellent wholefome pot-herbe ; for being put into the por- G 
jage in fome reafonable quantitie, it doth loofen the belly;helpeth the iaunders; the timpany and 
juch like difeafes, proceeding of cold caufes. 
| Ifyou take the roots of Monkes Rubarb,and red Madder, ofeach halfea pound; Sena foure H 
putices; annife {eed and licorice,of each two ounces; Scabioufe and Agrimonie,of each one hand- 
“ull; flice the roots of the Rubarb, bruife the annife feed and licorice,breake the herbes with your 
tands,and put them intoa ftone pot called a fteane, with foure gallons of ftrong ale to fteepe or 
nfufe the {pace of three daies ; and then drinke this liquour as your ordinarie drinke for three 
veekes together atthe lea ft,though the longer you take it,fo much the better 3 proulding ina rea- 
Mineffe another fteanc fo prepared that you may haue one vnder another, being alwaies carefull to 
Feepe a good diet : it curcth the dropfie,the yellow iaunders,all mannet of itch,{cabbes, breaking 
»ut,and mangineffe of thewhole body : it purifieth the bloud from all corruption ; preuaileth a- 
saintt the greene ficknefle very greatly,and all oppilations or ftoppings : maketh young wenches 


1) “ae faire and cherrie like,and bringeth downe their tearmes, the {topping whereof hath cau- 
ed the fame. : 


| The feed of battard Rubarb is of a manifeftaftt ingene nature,infomuch that itcureththeblou- J 
ix, mixed with the feed of Sorrell,and giuen to drinke in ted wine. * 
|) There haue not beene any other faculties attributed to this plant either of theantient ot Jater K 
Miters,but generally ofall it hath beene referred to the other Docks or Monks Rubarb;of which 
umber Iafftire my felfe this is the beft ,and doth approch neereft vnto the trueRubarb. Manie 
pafons induce me foto thinke and fay, firft this hath the fhape and proportion of Rubarbe, the 
‘me colour,bothwithin and without,without any difference, They agree aswell in tafte as finell: 
‘eoloureth the fpittle of a yellow colourwhen it is chewed, as Rubarb doth; and laftly it purgeth 
1e belly after the fame Gentle manner that the right Rubarb doth,onely herein it differeth, thar 
jus muft be giuen in three times the quantitie of the other. Other diftinGions and differences, 
lith the temperature and cuery other circumftance, I leauc to the learned Phyfitions of our Lon- 
oncoliedge (who are very well able to {earch this matter) as a thing farre aboue my reach,being 
Kk 2 no 


~ 


39% OF the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz. ® 


Rb: 


no graduate,buta Countrey Scholler,as the whole framing of this Miftorie doth well declare:bur 
T hor pe my good meaning will be well taken, confidering i Pdoe my beft, not doubting but fome of 
greater le ‘arning will perte& that which I haue begun according to my : {mall skill ,elpecial ly the 
ice being broken vnto him,and the w ood rough hewed tohis hands, Notwithftanding I thinke it 
good to fay thus much mote in mine owne defence » that although there bee many wants and de- 
fects in me,that were requifite to performe {uch a worke ; yet may my long experience by chance 
happen vpon fome one thing or oth ier that may do the learned good : confidering whata notable 
Secchi I learned of one © Tohn Bennet a Chirurgion of Maidftone in Kent, amanas flender] 
learned as my felfe WV hich he practifed vpona Butchers boy of the fame towne, as himfelfe repor- 
ted vnto me;his practife was this:Being defired to cure the forefaid lad of an ague,which did grie- 
uoutly vex him, he eee hima medicine, & for want ofone for the prefent(for afhiftas him- 
felfe Raneiee. vnto me)he tooke out of his garden three or foure leaues of this plant of Rubarb, 
which my felfe had among other fi imples giuen him,which he ftamped & ftrained witha draughe 
ofale,and gaue it the lad in the morning to drinke : it wrought extremely downeward and vpward 
within one = holtre after,and neuer ceafed vntill night. In the eng the ftrength of the boy ouercame 
the force of the Phyficke, it gauc ouer w orking and the lad loft his ague , Rance which time (as hee 
faith) he hath cured w ith the fame medicine many of the like ma aie having euer great regard 
vito the quantitic,w hich was the caufe of the violent w orking in the ARIE cure, ‘By eaiou of which 
accident, that th hing hath been reuealed vnto Oe aaa which 1 heretofore was not fo muchas drea- 
med of, Whofe blunt attempt may fet an edge vpon fome fharper wit,and greater iudgement in 
the faculties of plants, to fecke farther into their nature than any of the ‘Antients haue done: and 
none fitter than the learned Phyfitions of the Colledge of London; where are many fingularly wel 
learned and experienced in natural! things. 

The roots fliced and boiled in the water of Carduns Benediétus to the confumption of the third 
part,adding theretoa little honie,ofthe which decoétion eight or ten fpoonfuls drunke before the 
fit, cureth ‘the ague in twoor three times fo taking it at the moft; vnto robuftous or {trong bodies 
rele fpoonfuls may be giuen. This experiment was practifed by a worfhipfull Gentlewoman 
miftrefle Anne Wylbr. abe wm, vpon diuers of her poore Neighbours w ‘ith good fucceffe, 


+ ‘That figure that was in the firft placewas of the Lapathum fol minus acuto, defcribed by mein the third place ofthe preceding chapters The fecond was of Lay 
ptthum acerum D cxifpum of Tabernamontanua , The third was of Aydyolapathum minrse 


Cuar. 83. Of Rubarb. 


4] hath happened in this as in many other forreine medicines or fimples,which though they be 


wat 


of gréat and frequent vie,as Hermodadétyls,Muske, Turbeth,&c. yet haue we nocertaine knows 


ledge of the very place which ie them,nor of their exaat manner of growing, which hath gi» 
uen occafion to diuers to thinke ¢ liverly.and fome haue been fobold as to counterfeit figures out 


oftheir owne fancies,as Matthiolws:{o that this faying of Pliny is found tobe very true , Neslla mes 
dicine pars mage incerta,quam qua ab alio quam nostro orbe petitur. But wewill endeauourto thew you 
more certaintic of this here treated of than wasknownevntill ofvery late yeres. 


| The Defcription, 
I His kinde of Rubarb hath very great leaues, fomewhat fnipt or indented about the ed- 


: ges like the teeth ofa Saw,not vnlike the leaues of Enulacampana, calledby t he vulgar 


fort Elecampane, but greater : among which rifeth vp a ftraight ftalke of two cubits high, bearing 
atthe topa {calie head like thofe of ‘Knappe- -weed,or Iaceamuior : inthe middle of which kna or 
head thrufteth forth a faire floure confifting of many purple threds like thofe of the Artichokes 
which being paft,there followeth a great quantitie of downe,wherein is wrapped long feede like 
vatothe great Centorie, which the whole plant doth very well refemble, The root is long and 
thicke, blackifh w ithout, and of a pale colour within: which being chewed maketh the fpittle 
very yellow,as doth the Rubarb of Barbarie. 

¢ 2 This otherbaftard Rhawhich is alfo of Lobels defcription, hath aroot like that of the 
laft defcribed : butthe leauesare narrower almoft like thofe of the common Docke,but hoarie 
aes other fide : the ftalke growes vp ftraight, and beareth fuch heads and floures as the pre 
cedent. 


+ 3 Thaue thought good here to omit the counterfeit figure of Matthiolws, giuenvs in this 


place by our Authour, as sane the Hiftorie,whick was not pach pertinent,and in lieu of them to ° 


prefent you witha perfea & figure and defeription of the true Rha Ponticum ofthe Antients,which - 


was 


4.8 - tweuiht@e . oe eos 
Miscd Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 293 
1 Rha Capitatum. Cabell. ae ee 
Turkie Rubarbe. 


a 


£3 Rhaverum Antiquorum. Rhabarbarum ficcatum. : 
| The true Rubarbe of the Antients. The drie roots of Rubarbe; 


Kk 


394. Of tthe Hittorie of Plants. Lis. 2. 


was firft of late difcouered by the learned Projper Alpinus,who writ a peculiar tract thereof , and it 
is alfoagaine figured and defcribed inhiis worke de Plantis exotics. Our Countryman M* Loh Par- 
kinfon hath alfo fer forth very well both the figure and defcription hereof,in his Paradifis terrefiris, 
This plant hath many large roots diucr fly fpreading in the ground, ofa yellow colour, from which 
grow vp many very great leaucs like thofe of the Butter-burre, but of a frefh greene colour , with 
greatand manifeft veities difperfed ouer them. The ftalkealfo is latge and ere fted, fending forth 
f{undry branches bearing many {mall white floures,which are fcceeded by feeds three fquare and 
brownifh,like as thofe of other Docks. D'.Liffer one of his Maiefties Phyfitions was the firft that 
enricht this kingdome with this elegant anc vicfull plant, by fending the feedes thereofto M*. 
Parkinfon.Profpei Alpinus proucs this tobe the true Rha of the Antients,defcribed by Diofcorides, 
Lib. 3 .cap.r.yet neither he norany other (that I know of)haue ob ferued a fault, which Lmore than 
probably futpeé to bee in the text of Diofcorides in that place,which is inthe word e/a, which I 
iudge fhould be unin that is,yellow, and not blacke, as Ruellizs and others haue tran{lated it: now 
pxave is aword frequently vied by Déofcorides as may appeare by the Chapters of Hieractum magnum 
& rarvum,Conyrasbencedanin, Ranuaculzs, and divers others, and I fufpec& the like fault may bee 
found in fome other places ofthe fame Authour. But I willno further infift vpon this,fecing the 
thing it felfe in all other yefpe cts,as alfo in yellowneffe fhewes it felfe tobe that deferibed by Di- 
ofcor idesand that my coniecture mu ft therefore be true. And befides,the root wherto. he compares 
it is vpvier, that is Rubeficns,or rather ex flauo rube(cens, as ay verfed in reading Diofcorides may ea- 
fily gather by diners places in him.Now I here omit his words ,becaufe they are in the nextde- 
feription alledged by our Authour,as alfo the defeription ofour ordinarily vfed Rubarb, for that 
it is fufficiently deferibed vnder the following title of the choife thereof. M*. Parkinfon is of opi- 
nion that this isthe true Rubarbe vfed in fhops,onely le {fe heauy,bitter,and {trong in working,by 


reafon ofthe diuerfity of our climat from that whereas the dried Rubarb brought vs viually grows. 
This his opinionis ver y probable , and if you compare the roots together,you may eafily bee in- 
duced tobe of the fame beleefe. + 

+ 4 The Ponticke Rubarbe is leffer and flenderer than that of Barbarie. Touching Pontick 
Rubarbe Déofcorides writcth thus: Rha that diuers call Rheon,which groweth in thofe places that 
are beyond Bofphotus,from whence it is brought,hath yellow roots like to the great Centorie,but 
leffer and redder,oue, that is to fay,without fmell (Dedonexs thinkes it fhould bee ‘ew, that is,” 
well {melling) fpongie,and fomething light. That ts the beft which is not worme-eaten,and tafted 
is {omewhat vifcide with alight aftriGtion, and chewed becomes of a yellowor Satfron colour. 

| The Plac Cs 

It is brought out of the Countrey of Sina (commonly called China) which is toward the Eaft 
in the vpper part of India,and that India which is without the riuer Ganges: and notat all Ex” 
Scenitarum provincia,(as many do ynaduifedly thinke)which is in Arabia the Happic,and far from 
China:it groweth on the fides of the riuerRha now called Volga,as Amianus Marcellus faith,which 
riuer {pringeth out of the H yperborean mountaines, and running through Mufcouia, falleth into 
the Cafpian or Hirean fea. 

+ The Rha ofthe Antients growes naturally,as Alpinus {aith,vpon the hill Rhedope in Thrace, 
now called Romania. Itgrowesalfoas I haue been informed vpon fome mountaines in Hunga- 
rie.It is alfoto be found growing in fome of our choice gardens. + 

The choice of Rubarbe. 

The beftRubarbe is that which is brought from China freth and new, of a light purplith red, 
with certaine veines and branches, of an vnccrtaine varietie of colour, commonly whitith :but 
when it is oldthe colour becommeth ill fauored by turning yellowith or pale, but more, ifit bee 
worme eaten : being chewed in the mouth it is fomewhat gluie and clammie,and of a faffronco- 
lour,which being rubbed ypon paper or fome white thing fheweth the colour more plainely : the 
fabftance thereof is neither hard or clofely compaéted, nor yet heauy;but fomething light,and as 
it were ina middle betweene hard and loofeand fomething {pungie: it hath alfo a pleafing fell. 
The fecond in coodnefic is thatwhich commeth from Barbarie. The laft and worft from Bofpho- 


sus and Pontus. 


© The Names. 

It is commonly called in Latine Rha Barbarum,or Rha Barbaricum-of diuers,Rhew Barbarum : the 
Moores and Arabians doe more truely name it Raned Seni, a Sinenfi pronincia ; from whence it is 
brought into Perfiaand A rabia,and afterwards into Europe: and likewife from Tanguth,thiough 
the land of Cataia into the land of the Perfians,whereof the Sophie is the ruler, and from thence 
into Agypt.and afterwards into Europe.It is called ofthe Arabians and the people of China,and 
the parts adiacent, Ranend Cini,Raued Seni, and Raued Sceni:in fhops,Rhabarbarum : inEnglifh, Rue 
barb,and Rewbarbe. 

a The 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


4 Rha Ponticum Siccatum, q The Temperature, 


Rubgrb of Pontus dried; 


| Rubarb is ofa mixt fubftance,, tenipcra- 


ture and faculties : fome of the parts thereof 


are earthy, binding and dtying : othets thin, 
airious,hor,and purging. 


q The erties, 


_ Rubarb is commended by Dioféorides a. 
gaint windinefle weaknefle of the ftomack, 
and all gricfes thereof, convulfions, difcafes 
ofthe {pleene, liver, and kidinies, gripings 
and inward gnawings of the guts, infirmities 
of the bladder and chet, fwelling about the 
hearr, difeafes of the matrix, paine in the 
huckle bones, {pitting of bloud, fhortneffe 
ofbreath, yexing, or the hicket, the bloudie 
flix, the laske proceeding of raw humors, fits 
in Agues, and againft the bitings of veno- 
mous beatts. 

Moreouer he faith, that it taketh away 
blackeand blew fpots, and tetters or Ring- 
wormes, ifit be mixed with vineger, and the 
place anointed therewith, 

Galen affirmes it to be good for burftings, 
cramps, and conyulfions, and forthofe that 
are fhort winded, and that {pit bioud., 

But totiching the purging facultie nei- 
ther Diofcorides yor Galen hath written any 
thing, becaufe it was not vfed in thofe daics 
to purge with, Galen held opinion, that the 
inne aitious parts doe make the binding qualitie of more force shot becanfe itdoth refift thé 
Jold and earthy fubftance, but by reafon that it carrieth the fame, and maketh it deeply to pierce, 
ind thereby toworke the greater effet ; the dry and thinne effence containing in it felfea purging 
tce and qualitie to open obftructions, but helped and made mote facile by the fubtil and air ous 
fatts. Paulus -€gineta {eemeth to be the firft that made triall of the purging facultie of Rubarb ; 
or inhis firft booke,Chap.43. he maketh mention thereof, where he reckoneth vp Turpentine a- 
Along thofe medicines which make the bodies of {uch as are in health foluble: But when we pur. 
vofe,faith he, to make the turpentine more ftrong, weadde voto ita little Rubarb. The Arabians 
‘hat followed him brought it toa further vfe in phyficke, as chiefely purging downward choler, 
nd oftentimes flegme. ie 
_ The purgationwhich is made with Rubarb is profitable and fit for all firch as be troubled with 
holer, and for thofe that are ficke of fharpeand tertian feuers, or haue the yellow jaundice,or bad 
(Uerss 
“It is a good medicine againft the pleurifie, inflammation of the lungs, the fquinancic or Squin- 
te, madnefle, frenfic, inflammation of the kidnies, bladder,and all the inward parts, and efpecial- 
vagain{t S. Anthonies fire, as well outwardly as inwardly taken. ‘ ns 
'Rubarb is vndoubtedly a efpeciall good’ medicine for the liner and infirmities of the gall ; for 
fides that it purgeth forth cholericke and naughty humors, it remoueth {toppings out of the 
onduits. jie i 
| Italfo mightily ftrengthneth the intrals themfelues : infomuch as Rubarb is inftly termed of 
duers the life of the liuer ; for Galen in his eleuenth booke of the method or manner of curing, af 
tmeth that fuch kinde of medicines are moft fit and profitable for the liver, as haue ioyned with 
purging and opening qualitiean aftringent or binding power. The quantitie that is tobe giuen 
(from one dram to two ;,and the infufion from one and a halfetothree. 

‘ Itis giuen or fteeped, and that in hot difeafes, with the infufion or diftilled water of Succory, 
indiue, or foine other of the likenature and likewife in Whay ; and ifthere be no heate ir may 
?giuen in Wine. 


ie 
Leo 


0 


H 


» 


296 ; ~ OF tlie Hiftorie. of Plants, Lawes! 


Itis alfo oftentimes giuen being dried at the fire, but fo, that the leaft orno part thereofat all 
be burned ; and being fovfed it is a remedie for the bloudy flix, and forallkindes oftlaskes : for it 
both purgeth away naughty and corrupt humors, and likewife withall ftoppetlthe belly. 
IL The fame being dried after the fame manner dothalfo ftay the ouermuch flowing of themo- 

nethly ficknefle, and ftoppeth bloud in any part of the body, efpecially that which commeth tho- 
row the bladder but it fhould be ginen in a little quantitie, and mixed with fome other binding 
thing. 
M Mewes faith, That Rubarb is an harmeleffe medicine, and good at all times,and forall ages,and 
likewife for children and women with childe. 

+ My friend M*. Samp[on Tobnfon Fellow of Magdalen Colledge in Oxford.aflures. me, That the 
Phyfitions of Vienna in Auttria vfe {carce any other at this day thanthe Rubarb of the Antients, 
which grows in Hungary not far from thence : and they prefer it before the dried Rubarb brought 
out of Perfia and the Eaft Indies, becaufe it hath not fo ftronga binding facultie as it, neither 
doth it heate fo much ; onely it muft be vfed in fomewhata larger quantitie. $ 


2 


Crap. 843 
Of Sorrell. 


q The Kindes. 


Here be diuers kindes of Sorrell, differing in many points, fome of the garden , otherswilde ; 
fome great, and fome leffer. 


1 Oxalis, fine Acctofa. 2 Oxalistuberofa. 
Sorrell. Knobbed Sorrell. 
Onurrmey HAcetorer. 


q The Defcription. 


Hough Dioftorides hath not exprefled the Owalides by that name, yet noneought to doubt 
but that they were taken and accounted as the fourth kinde of Lapathwm, For though ri: 
ke 


epcgcissacemaree Ne oe 
Les Be Of the Historie of Plants, 397 
like it not well that the feed fhould be faid tobe Drimus ; yet that is to be vnderftood according 
tothe common phrafe, when acride things are confounded with thofe which be fharpe and foure ; 
elfewe might accufe him of fuch ignorance as is notamongf the fimpleft women. Moreouer,the 
word 0.xys doth not onely fignifie the leafe; but the fauour and tartneffe,which by a figure drawne 
| from the fharpneffe of kniues edges is therefore called tharpe : for si: ue fignifieth a fharpe or 


| foure inyce which pierceth the tongue like a fharpe knife: whereupon alfo Lapathum may be cal- 
) fed Oxalss, as itis indeed. The leaues of this are thinner, tenderer, and rhore va@uous than thot 
| of Lapatinm acutum, broader next to the ftem, horned and crefted like S Pinagé and Atriplex. The 

Mtalke is much ftreaked, reddifh, and full of iuyce : the root is yellow and fibrous ; thefeed fharpe, 
a and fhining,growing in chaffie huskes like the other Docks. 

_ 2 The fecond kinde of Oxalis or- Sorrell hath large leaues like Patience, confufedly growing 
Beet vpon a greattall ftalke,at the top whereof grow tufts ofa chaffie fubftance. The root is 
tuberous, much like the Peonie, or rather Filipendala, faftned to the lower part of the ftem with 
fia] long ftrings and laces. 

3. Thethirdkinde of Sorrell groweth very {mall, branching hither and thither, taking hold 
\(by new {hoots) of the ground where it groweth, whereby it difperfeth it felfe farabroad. The 
\Teaues are little and thin, hauing two fall leaues like eares fattned thereto,in thew like the herbe 
)Sagittaria: the feed in tafte is like the other of his kinde. 

! 4 The fourth kinde of Sorrell hath leaues fomewhat round and cornered, of a whiter colour 
)than the ordinarie, and hauing two fhort eares anexed vnto the fame. The feed and root in tafte is 
like the other Sorrels. 


3 Oxalistenuifolta. 4. Oxalis Franca feu Romana, 
Round leaued,or French Sorrel, 


AW 
WOE RY) AS 
NE 
j= f 
UREN Ae 


\ 
Ny Wy > 
Yj y nh 


5 This kindeofcurled Sorrell isa firanger in England, and hath very long feaues, in fhapeé 
like the garden Sorrell, but curled and erumpled about the edges as is the curled Colewort. The 
IRalke tifeth vp among the leaues, fet here and there with the like leaues, but leffer. The floures 
feeds,and roots are like the common Sorrell or foure Docke. : 
| 6, Thefmall Sorrell that groweth vpon dry barren fandy ditch-banks,hath {mall grafly leaues 
tomewhat forked or croffed ouer like the croffe hilt of a rapier. The ftalkes rife vp amongft the 
leaues, fmall weake, and tender, ofthe fame foure tafte that the leaues are of, The floure, feed, 
and root is like the other Sorrels, but altogether lefler. " 

Sel SN ae ae ois 7 The 


> 


— 


“308 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liner, 


Le | 


6 Oxalis minor. 7 The fmalleft fort of Sorrell is like vnto the pre- . 


Small Sorrell. cedent, fauing that the loweft leaues that ly vpon the 


rence, 
+ 8  Thereisalfo kept in fome gardens a verie » 
large forrel, hauing leaues thicke,whitith,and as large 


the fame acidetafte. The ftalkes and feed are like 
thofe of the ordinary, yet whiter coloured. + 


q The Place. 


in moift medowes and gardens. The fecond by waters | 
fourth alfo is a garden plant with vs,as alfo the fifths 
barren ground and ditch bankes. + 


a The Time, 


of Docks do floure. 


@ The Names. 


as anordinarie Docke, yet fhaped like Sorrell, and of * 


+ The common Sorrell groweth forthe moft part | 


but the third and Jaft grow vpon grauelly and fandie | 


_ fides, but not inthis kingdome that I know of. The + 


They flourifh at that time when as the other kinds | 


Garden Sorrell is called in Greeke tials, and aiatuic: Of Galen, ofrtmou : that is to fay, Acidum la) 
Y> 


athum, or’ Acidus rumex, foure Docke :and in fhops commonly Acetofa: in the Germane Tongue, 
? fF 8 > 


Satozamp ffer: in low-Dutch, Surckele, and Suvitcks the Spaniards, AXederas, Agrelles, and | 


Axedas : in French, Oxeille, and Surelle, Aigrette : in Englith,Garden Sorrell. 


The fecond is called of the later Herbarifts Txberofa acetofa,and Tuberofum lapathum : in Englithy 


Bunched or Knobbed Sorrell. 
The third is called in Englith Sheepes Sorrell : in Dutch, Sehap Surbel, 
The fourth, Romane Sorrel], or round leaued Sorrell. 
The fifth, Curled Sorrell. 
The fixth and feuenth, Barren Sorrell, or Dwarfe Sheepes Sorrell. 
“£ Theeighth is called oxalis, or Acetofa maximalatifolia, Great broad leaued Sorrell. ¢ 


G The Nature. 
The Sorrels are moderately cold-and dry. 


q, TheVertues. 


Sorrell doth vndoutedly cooleand mightily dry ; but becaufe it is foure it likewife cutteth 
tough humors. 

The iuyce hereof in Sommer time isa profitable fauce in many meats,and pleafant to the tafte: : 
it cooleth an hot ftomacke, moueth appetite to meate, tempereth the heate of the liuer, and ope: » 
neth the {toppings thereof, 

The leaues are with good fucceffe added to decostions which are vfed in Agues. 

The leaues of Sorrell taken in good quantitie, ftamped and ftrained into fome Ale,and a poffet 
made thereof, cooleth the ficke body, quencheth the thirft, and allayeth the heate of fuch as are : 
troubled with a peftilent feuer, hot ague, or any great inflammation within. 

The leques fodden, and eaten in manner of a Spinach tart, or eaten as meate, foftneth and loot . 
neth the Belly, and doth attemper and coole the bloud exceedingly, 

The feed of Sorrell drunke-in groffe red wine ftoppeth the laske and bloudy flix. 


Cars : 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. re 


399 
Cuar. 83, Of Biflort or Snake-weed, 
©] The Defiription. 
4 He great Biftort hath long leaues much like Patience,but fmaller,and more wrinkled 


| or crumpled, on the vpper fide ofa darke greene, and vaderneath of a blewith greene 

colour, much like Woad. The ftalke is long, fmooch, and tender, hauing atthe top 

)fpiked knap or eare, fet full of {mall whitith floures declining to carnation. Theroot isallin a 

ieee tout fafhion , within of a reddith colour like ynto ilefh,in tafte like thekernell ofan 
‘Acorne. 


2 The fmall Biftort hath leaues about three inches long, and of the bredth of a mans naile; 
she vpper fide is ofa greene colour, and vnderneath ofan ouerworne greenifh colour :amongft the 
Dich rifeth vp a ftalke of the height ofa {panne, full of ioynts or knees, bearing at t} 


he cop fuch 
ploures as the great Biftort beareth . which being fallen, the feeds appeare of the bignes of a tare, 
ieddith of colour, euery feed hauing one fimall greene leafe faftned thereunto, with many fuch 
seaues thruft in among the whole bunch of floures and feed. The root is tuberous like the other, 
Sut fmaller, and not {6 much crooked 

[ 


ry 


1 Bifforta major. 2 Bifforta minor. 


Snake-weed, I, tk Small Snake-weed, 


Voby Oy FAN 


OP Le 1 Sar Ne COL le OANA 


3 Broad leaued Snake-weed hath many large vneuen leaues,fmooth and very aa asriong 
Aich rife vp fmall brittle ftalkes of two hands high, bearing at the top a faire {pike o floures i . 
tothe great Biftort. The root is knobby or bunched,crookedly turned or wrythed this way an 
|at way, whereof it tooke his name Biftorta, + Itdiffers from the firft onely in that the root 
fomewhat more twined in, and the leaues broader and more crumpled, + 

q The Place. ? : og) 

1 Thegreat Biftort groweth in moift and waterie places, and in the darke fhadowie Woods, 

dis very common in moft gardens, z 


a 


OF the Hiftorie of Plants. Latest 


yoo 


2 Thefmall Biftort groweth in great aboundance in Weftmerland, at Crosby,Rauenfy ith, 9 
atthe head ofa Parke belonging to one M*. Pickering : from whence 1t hath beene diiperfed into | 
~ a e < ~ 
many gardens ; asalfo fent vnto me from thence for my garden. 
@ The Time. 
They-floure in May, and the feed is ripe in Inne, 
@| The Names. 
Biftorta is called in Englifh Snake-weed : in fome places, Oifterloit :in Chefhire, Paffions, and 
Snake-weed, and there vfed for an excellent Pot-herbe. It 1s called Bi/forta of his wrythed roots, 
and alfo Colubrina,Serpentaria, Brittanica; Dracontion,Pliny ; Dracunculus,Dodonwi , and Limonium Ge~ 


fueri. 
f @ The Nature. 
Biftort doth coole and dry in the third degree, 


@ The Vertues. 


The inyce of Biftort putinto the nofe preuaileth much againft the Difeafe called Polypus, and 
the biting of Serpents or any venomous beaft, being drunke in Wine or the water of Angelica. 

The root boyled inwineand drunke, ftoppeth the laske and bloudy flix; it ftayeth alfo the ouer~ 5 
much flowing ofwomens monethly fick neffles. 

The root taken as aforefaid ftayeth vomiting, and healeth the inflammation and foreneffe of ' 
the mouth and throat : it likewife faftneth loofe teeth , being holden in the mouth for a certaine 
{pace,and at fundry times, 


Cuar.86. Of Scurny- Graffe,or Spoon-wort. 
@ The Defcription, 


I Ound leaued Scuruy-Graffe is a low or bafe herbe: it bringeth forth leaues vpon fmal] 
{tems or foot-f{talks of ameane length, comming immediately from the root, very) 
many in number, of a thining greene colour, fomewhat broad, thicke, hollow like a1 

little fpoone, but ofno great depth, vneuen, or cornered about the edges: among which leaues: 
{pring vp {mall ftalkes ofa {panne high, whereon doe grow many little white floures : after which 
commeth the feed, fmall and reddifh, contained in little round pouches or feed-vetfels : the routs: 
be fmall, white, and threddy., The whole plant is ofa hot and fpicie tafte. 

> Thecommon Scuruy-graffe or Spoone-wort hath !eaues fomewhatlike a {poone, hollow in} 

the middle, but altogether vnlike the former : the leaues hereofare bluntly toothed about the eds. 
ges, fharpe pointed,and fomewhat long : the ftalkes rife vp among the leaues, of the length of 
halfea foot ; whereon do grow white floures with fome yellowneffe in the middle: which being: 
paft, there fucceed {mall feed-veflels like vnto a pouch, not vnlike to thofe of Shepheards purfe, 
greene at the firft, next yellowith, and laftly when they be ripe,ofa browne colour,or like a filberd: 
nut. The root is fmalland tender, compact ofa number of threddy ftrings very thicke thruft to 
ether in manner of a little turfe. 


q The Place. 


The firft groweth by the fea fide at Hull, at Bofton,and Lynne,and ia many other places of 
Lincolnhire neere vnto the fea, as in Whaploade and Holbecke Marfhes in Holland inthe fame 
County. It hath beene found of late growing many miles from fea fide, vpona great hill in 
Lancathire called Ingleborough hill ,which may feeme {trange vnto thofe that donot know that 
it will be contentwith any foile, place, or clymne whatfoeuer : for _proofe whereof, my felfe haue 
fowentheveeds of it in my garden, and giuen them vnto others,with whonrthey floure, flourith, 
and bring forth their feed, as naturally as by the fea fide ,and likewife retaine the famehot fpicie 
tafte : which proueth that they refufe no culture, contrary to many other fea-plants. 

The fecond, which is our common {curuie graffe, groweth in diuers places vpon the brinmes 
of the famous river Thames, as at Woolwich,Erith, Greenhithe, Grauefend, as well onthe Effex 
fhore as the Kentith : at Port{mouth, Briftow, and many other places along ft the Weftern coaft: 
but toward the North I haue not heard that any of this kinde hath growne. 


Gg Th 


“Lisi. Of theHiftoryof Plants SS cn 


q The Time, 
It floureth and flourifheth in May. The feed is ripe in Iune. 


2 Cochlearia rotundifolia. 2 Cochlearia Britannica. 
Round leafed Scuruie graffe- _ Common Englith Scuruie graffe, 
aaa oehheariwoc 4 hin 


Co ribiomtio Oye ( 


oh ~ We e] 
py AK /, 
| 


\ ' A 4 


pea 


: | The Names. 
-t Weare not ignorant that in low Germany, this hath feemed to fome of the bet learned to 
ethe true Britannica, and namely to thofenext the Ocean in Frieflandand Holland. The Ger- 
nanes call it tLeffelkvauts that is, Cochleariaor Spoonwort,by reafon of the compaffed roundnes 
tnd hollownes of the leanes, like a {poone ; ahd haue thought it tobe Plinie's Britannica, becanfe 
hey finde it in the fame place growing, and enduedwith the fame qualities, Which excellent 
plant Cefars foldiers (when they remooued their. camps beyond the Rhene) found to preuaile (as 
he Prifians had taught it them) againft that plague and hurtfull difeafe of the teeth, gums, and 
inewes, called the Scuruie, being a depriuation ofall good bloud and moifture, in the whole bo- 
lie, called Scorbutum ; in Englith,the Scuruicjand Skyrby, a difeafe happening at the fea among 
Fifhermen, and freth-water fouldiers, and fuch as delight to fit fill without labour and exercife 
pftheir bodies. and efpecially abouethe reft of the cau fes, when they makenor cleane their bit. 
jet bread from the floure or mealines that is vpon the fame,which doth fpoile many. But fith this 
jorees not with Plinies defcription,and that there be many other water plants.as NajPurtium,Sium, 
jardamine, and fuch others, like in tafte, and not vnlikein proportion and vertues,which are reme~ 
Jics againft the difeates aiorefaid; there can be no certaine argument drawne therefrom to 
}Ootie it to be Britannica For the leaues at their frit comming forth are fomewhat long like Pyrola 
Wt Adders tongue, foone after fomewhat thicker, and hollow like anauell, after the manner of 
un-dew, bur in Sreatnefle like Soldanella, in the compaffe fomewhat cornered, in fathion fome- 
What like a {poone : the floures white, and in fhape like the Cuckow floures : the feed réddith, 
cen in Britannica, which is rather holden tobe Biftort 


ike the feed of Thlafpi, which is not to be { 
# garden Patience, than Scurnie graffe. In Englih it is called Spoonewort, Scruby graffe, and 


curuie erafle, 
| a The Témper ature, 


" oJ 
Seuruie graffe is euidently hotand drievery like in tafte and qualitic to the garden Crefles, of 


@romaticke or {picie tafe, 
| Ls | TH 


A 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Léeat. 


qT he Vertes. 


The juice of Spoonewoort giuen to drinke in Aleor Beere,is a fingular medicine againft the :| 
corruptand rorten vicers, and ftench of the mouth; it perfectly cureth the difeafe called of Hippo. 
crates,V oluulus Hematetes : of Pliny ,Stomacace : of Marcellus, Ofcedo . and of the later writers, Scorbu- 
tum ofthe Hollanders and Frifians, Scuerbuyck : in Englifh,the Scuruie : either giuing the } 
juice in drinke as aforefaid,or putting fix great handfuls to fteepe, with long pepper, graines, an- . 
nife-feede, and liquorice, ofeach one ounce, the {pices being brated, and the herbes brufed with 

rour hands, and fo putintoa pot, fach as is before mentioned in the chapter of baftard Rubarbe, 
and vfed in like maner ; or boiled in mike o1 wine and drunke for certaine daies together it wor- 
keth the like effect. 

The juice drunke once ina day fafting inany liquor,ale,beere, or wine, doth caufe the forefaid | 
fpeedily to worke his effect in curing this filthy,lothfome,hea uy,and dull difeafe, , 
which is very troublefome,and of long continuance. The gums are loofed, fwolne, and exulce- 
rate,the mouth greeuou fly ftinking; the thighes and legs are withall very often full of blew fpots, , 
not much vnlike thofe that come ofbrufes : the face and the reft of the body is oftentimes of a1 
pale colour: and the feet are fwolne,as ina dropfie. 

There is a difeafe (faith O/aus magnus in his hiftorie of the Northerne regions) haunting the: 


campes, which vexe them that are befieged and pinned vp : and it feemeth tocome by eating of | 


falt meates, which is increafed and cherifhed with the cold vapors of the ftone walls.. The Ger-- 


manes call this difeafe(as we haue faid) Scorbuck, the fymptome or paffion which hapneth to the ; 
mouth, is called of Pliny susxexi: Stomacace and that which belongeth to the thighes eua0spex: Mare 
cellus an old writer nameth the infirmities of the mouth ofeedo : which difeafe commeth of a: 
groffe cold and tough bloud, fuchas malancholy juice is, not by aduftion,but of fuch a bloud as; 
is the feculent or droffie part thereof: which is gathered in the body by ill diet, flothfulneffe to: 
worke, laifineffe (aswe terme it) much fleepe andreft on fhip-boord,and not looking to makes 


cleane the bifquet from the mealineffe, and vncleane keeping their bodies,which are the caufes: 


of this difeafe called the feuruie or {cyrby;which difeafe doth not onely touch the outward parts,; 
but the inward alfo: for the liuer oftentimes, but moft commonly the fpleene, is filled with this: 
kinde of thicke, cold and tough juice, and is fwolne by reafon that the fubftance thereof is flacke: 
{pungie and porous, very apt to receiue fuch kinde of thick and cold humors. Which thing alfa: 
Hippocrates hath written of in the f{econd booke of his Prorrhetikes : their gums (faith he) are in) 
feGed, and their mouthes ftinke that haue great fpleenes or milts :and whofoeuer haue great) 
milts and vfe not to bleed, canhardly be cured of this malladie,efpecially of the vicers in the legs,; 
and blacke fpots. The fame is afh rmed by Paulus Aigineta inhis third booke,49. chapter,where! 
you may eafily fee the difference between this difeafe and the black jaunders , which many times) 
are fo confounded together, that thediftinction or difference is hard to be known,but by the ex- - 
pert chirurgion:who oftentimes feruing in the fhips,as wel her Maiefties as merchants, are greatly: 
| {with the curing thereof: it fhall be requifite to carrie with them the herbe dried : the: 
water diftilled, and the juice put into a bottle witha narrow mouth, fullalmoft to the necke, andi} 
the réft filled vp with oileoliue,to keep it from putrifaétion . the which prepetations difcreetly 
vfed, will ftand them in great ftead for the difeafe aforefaid. | 

\ {pots and blemithes of the face, will take them away within. 


The herbe ftamped and Said vpon 
fix houres, but the place muft bewafhed after with water wherein bran hath been fodden. 


medicine more { 


pefterec 


Cuar. 87. Of Twayblade,or herbe Bifoile. 


gq The Defcription. 


Erbe Byfoile hath many {mall fibres or threddy ftrings,faftened ynto a {mall knot of 
root,from which rifeth vp a lender {tem or ftalke,tender, fat, and full ofjuice ; inthe 
middle whereof are placed in comely order two broad leaues,ribbed and chamfered, 


in fhape like the Jeaues of Plantaine : vpon the top ofthe ftalke groweth a flender greenifh {pike 
made of many {mall floures, each little floure refembling a gnat, or little gofling newly hatched) 


very like thofe of the third fort of Serapias ftones. 
ophris Trifolia,or Trefoile Twaiblade,hath roots,tender ftalkes,and abuth of flours like thd 


precedent : but differeth in that, that this plant hath three leaues which do clip or embrace thd 
i 3 P ess ftalkd 


ST oe ee 


Lis. 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 40} 


ftalke about ; and the other hath but two, and neuer more, wherein efpecially confitteth the diffe- 
rence : although in truth I thinke ita degenerate kinde, and hath gottena third leafe per accidins, 
as doth fometimes chance vnto the Adders Tongue,as fhall be declared in the Chapter that fol- 
loweth. : 

t 3 Thiskind of Twaiblade, firft defcribed in the laf edition of Dodoneus ) hath leaues, 
floures, and ftalkes like to the ordinarie, but at the bottome of the ftalke aboue the fibrous roots 
at hath a bulbe greenith within, and couered with two or three skins : it growes in moift andwet 
dow places of Holland, + 


. 1 Ophris bifolia, £ 3 Ophrisbifolia bulbofa. 
: oirh Ge a Bulbous Twarblade. 
O pb JY 4S au AAA 


s| The Place. 


The firft groweth in moift medowes, fenny grounds, and fhadowie places. I haue fonnd it in 
many places, as at Southfleet.in Kent, ina Wood of Matter Sidleys by Long-field’ Downes , ina 
Wood by London called Hampftead Wood, in the fields by High-gate,in the Woods by Ouen- 
Fo heere to Clare in Effex, and in the Woods by Dunmow in Effex. The fecond fort is feldome 

eene, 
@ The Time. \ 
They floure in May and Iune. 


| The Names. 
It is called of the later Herbarifts, Bifolium, and Ophris. 


| The Nature and Vertues. 
Thefe are reported of the Herbarifts of our time to be good for greene wounds, burftings, and A 


/uptures ; whereof] haue in my vnguents and Balfams for greene woundshad great experience, 
and good fuccefle. 


Liz Cap, 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 2. 


Cuar. 88. Of efdders-Tongue. 
@ The Defcription. 
tT 4 Phiogloffon, or Lingua Serpentis (called in Englith Adders tongue, of fome, Adders ! 


of the eround,hauing one leafe and no more, | 
and very like the yong and tender leaues 
ut afmalland tender ftalke one finger | 
| tongue not vnlike the tongue ofa fer-_ | 


Graffe,though vnproperly) rifeth forth 
fat or oleous in fubftance, ofa finger long, 
of Marigolds ; from the bottome of which leafe {pringeth 0 
anda halfe long, on the end whereof doth grow along {mal 


pent, wheréof it tooke the name. | 
2 Thaue feene another like the former in root, ftalke, and Jeafe; and differeth, in that this | 


plant hath two,and fometimes mote crooked tongues, yet of the fame fafhion, whichif my iudg- | 
ment faile not chanceth per accidens, euen as we fee children borne with twothumbes vpon one | 
hand : which moueth me fo to thinke, for that in gathering twenty bufhels of the leaues a man 
fhall hardly finde one of this fafhion. 


£2 ophiogtoffon abortivum. 


1 Ophioclo(fon. 
“ders Mif-fhapen Adders-Tongue. 


Adders-Tongue. 
me Ait ea 
Qp mo Aas "as li 
0 


a The Place. 

Adders-Tongue groweth in moift medowes throughout moft parts of England, as ina Meas 
dow neere the preaching Spittle adioy: ing to London; in the Mantels by London, in the mes: 
dowes by Cole-brooke, in the fields in Wa'tham Forreft, and many other places. 

q] The Time. 

They are tobe found in Aprill and May ; but in Iune they are quite vanifhed and gone. 

q| The Names. 

Ophiogloffum is called in fhops Lingua ferpentis, Lingwace,and Lingnalace : it is alfo called Lanceat 
Chrifti,Enephyllon,and Lingua vulnerarta: in Englifh,Adders tongue,or Serpents tongue: in Dutch, 


atertonguets: of the Germanes, Mater sungeli, 
q The 


Lie. 2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. ve 


a The Nature, 

Adders-tongue is dry inthe third degree. 

@ The Vertues. 

The leaues of Adders tongue ftamped ina {tone morter,and boyled in Oile Oliue vnto the con- 
fumption of the iuyce, and vntill the herbes bedry and partched, and then ftrained, will yeeld a 
moft excellent greene oyle, or rather a balfam for greene wounds, comparable vnto oyle of S .Lohns 
wort, if it do not farre furpaffe it by many degrees : whofe beauty is fuch, that very many Artifts 
haue thought the fame to be mixed with Verdigreafe. 


eee. Crap. 89. 
Of One-berry, or Herbe True-loue, and eM oone-wort. 


1 Herba Parts. 2 Lunaria minor. 
| One-Berry,or Herbe True-loue, Small Moone-wort, 
Ys : 
SUeaanatiioen ene Osmmumeda. Lumovreas 


@ The Defeription. 


rE PE tbe Patissifeth vo with ox 
E res a tifeth vp with one fmall tender Ralke two hands high, at the very top 
cofcome forth foure leaues dite&ly fet One againft another in manner ofa Bur- 


| gundia 3 p ‘ 3 
Pe iici LSet si or Hrubigue knot : forwhich caufe among the Antients it hath bin 
| eerie ap wee nthe midit of the faid leafe comes fortha ftar_like floure ofan herby or 
Pend tender ace Bee middeft whereof there arifethvp ablackith browne berrie:the root is 
‘ as be beatae are and difperfing it felfe hither and thither, 
-~ a a 
I tary Ipringeth forth of the o i 2 leafe lik i 
bsopt onboth fides into fheoeie de € ground with one leafe like Adders-tongue,iagged 
OS Coscrach, ofacrecue eK 1x id cuts or notches, not much vnlike the leaues of Scolopen- 
f berach, Ola greet our; where : 
fing at the top many little {eds af HM 5) ag ele doth grow a fmall naked ftem ofa finger long,bea- 
Be alike thine feu Tosceite : tering together ; whichbeing gathered and laid in a platter 
: pa three weekes, there will fall from the famea fine duft or meale 


cf ae D> 
bfa whitith coh hich is the feed if: : 

itith colour, which is the feed if it bring forth any. The root is flender, and compaé of 
Ll 3 Bbepe ccf 


jnany final] threddy {trings, 


4, 


4.06 : Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lar 2. 


_ + InEngland (faith Camerarius) there growes acertaine kinde of Lunaria,which hath many » 
leaues,and fometimes alfo fundry branches which therefore I haue caufed to be delineated, thar ‘| 
other Herbarifts might alfotake notice hereof. Thus much Camerarius, Epit.M at.p.644.where he , 
giues an elegant figure ofa varietic hauing more leaues and branches than the ordinary, otherwife > 
not differing from it. ; i Q ae | 

3 Befides this vatietie there is another kinde fet forth by Clufins ; whofe figure and deferipti- a 
on I thinke good here to fet downe. This hath a root confifting of many fibres fomewhat thicker | 
than thofe of the common kinde : from which arife one or two winged leaues, that is, many leaues 4) 
fet to one ftalke , and thefe are like the leaues of the other Luzaria, but that they are longer, thic: 
ker, and more diuided,and ofa yellowifh greene colour, Amongft thefe leaues there comesvp a 
ftalke fat and juycie, bearing a greater tuft of floures or feeds (for [know not whether to cal them) ) 
than the ordinaric, but otherwife very like thereto. It groweth in the mountaines of Silefia,and || 
in fome places of Auttria. $ 

$ 3 Lundria minor ramofa. q The Place. 
Small branched Moon-wort. 

Herba Pari growcth plentifully in all! 
thefe places following ; that is to fay, in)! 
Chalkney wood necre to wakes Coulne, } 
feuen miles from Colchefter in Effex and | 
in the wood by Robinhoods well,neere to » 
Nottingham ; in the parfonage orchard att 
Radwinter in Effex, neere to Saffron” 
Walden, in Blackburne at a place called | 
Merton in Lancafhire; in the Moore byj) 
Canturbury called the Clapper;in Ding-. 
ley wood, {ix miles from Prefton in Aun-- 
derneffe ; in Bocking parke by Braintrees 
in Effex ; at Heffer in Lancafhire, and in} 
Cotting wood in the North of England ; ¥ 
as that excellent painefull and diligent 
Phyfition M*. Do&tor Turner of late mes: 
morie doth record inhis Herbal. 

Lunaria or {mall Moone-wort groweth? 
vpor dry and barren mountaines and? 
heaths. I haue found it growing in thefe: 
places following; that is to fay, about 
Bathe in Somerfetfhire in many places,; 
efpecially ata place called Carey, two- 
miles from Bruton,in the next Clofe vnte: 
the Church-yard ,on Cockes Heath be-. 
tweene Lowfe and Linton, three miles: 
from Maidftone in Kent: it groweth alfo: 
in the ruines of an old bricke-kilne by, 
Colchefter , in the ground of M*. George 
Sayer, called Miles end: it groweth like-» 
wife vpon the fide of Blacke-heath, neere vnto the ftile that leadeth vnto Eltham houfe, about ant 
hundred paces from the ftilc : alfo in Lancafhire neere vntoa Wood called Faireft, by Latham: 
moreouer, in Nottinghamfhire by the Weft wood at Gringley, and at Wefton in the Ley field: 
by the Weft fide of the towne ; and in the Bifhops field at Yorke,neere vnto Wakefield, in the: 
Clofe where Sir George Sauill his houfe ftandeth, called the Heath Hall,by the relation of a learned: 
Doéor in Phyficke called M". Tohn Mer fhe of Cambridge,and many other places. 

Gq The Time, 
Herba Paris floureth in Aprill,and the berry is ripe in the end of May. 
Lunariaox {mall Moone-wort is to be feene in the monethof May. 

q The Names, 

One-berry is alfo called Herbe Truc-loue, and Herbe Paris: in Latine, Herba Parés,and Solanum 

tetraphylum by Gefnerand Lobel. 
Luparia minor is called in Englifh Small Lunarie,and Moon-wort, 
q The Nature. 
Herbe Paris is exceeding cold ; whereby it repreffes the rage and force of poifon, 
Lunaria minor is cold and dry of temperature, ; 


q ThE! 


Lis. 2 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 4 


q The Vertues. 
_. The berries of Herbe Paris ginen by the {pace of twentie daies 5 areexcellent good againft A 
poifon,or the pouder of the herbe drunke in like manner halfe a {poontull ata time in the morning 
fafting. AD - s y : . 

The fame is miniftred with great fuccefle vnto fuch as are become peenith, or without vn 
ftanding,being miniftred as is aforefaid,cuery morning by the fpace of twentie daies, as B. 
Sardus, and Matthiolus haue recorded. Since which time there hath been further experience made 
thereof againft poifon,and put in practicein the citie of Paris,in Louaine,and at the baths in Hel. 
netia,by the right excellent Herbarifts Matthias de Dovel, and Petrus Pena, w ho hauing often read; 
that it was one of the Aconites,called Pardalrawhes,and fo by confequence ofa poifoning quality, 
they gaue it vnto dogs and lambes, who receiued no hurt by the fame : wherefore they further pro- 
fecuted the experiencethereof,and gaue vnto two dogs faft bound or coupled together,a dram of 
Arfenicke,and one dram of Mercurie {ublimate mixed with fleth (4 inthe Ctduerfiria it is but 
of each halfe a dram, and there pag. 165. you may finde this Hiftorie more largely ferdowne. +) 
which the dogs would not willingly eat, and therefore they had it crammed downe their throats : 
wnto one of thefe dogs they gaue this Antidote following ina little red wine, whereb v he recoue- 
red his former health againe within a few houres + but the other dog which had none of the medi- 
cine,died incontinently, 


Jer- B 


This is the receit, 


R. vtriu(querAngelica(innuit ) domefticam.& fylucfremy ‘teetoxiciP, aleriane dome/tica, Polipo- 
dij querni,radicum A lt hear Vrticeana 3.114, Corticis MeXerei G CrMANIC!, 3.4. Zranorum 
herbe Paridis,N.24. foliorum ciufdem cumtoto, Num. 3 6.Ex maceratis in accto radicibus, O° 
ficcatss fit oraninm pulvis, 


SS een Ee LL a ee eee ae ee = a” i 


The people in Germariy do vfe the leaues of Herbe Paris in greene wounds, for the which itis C 
vety g0od,as Ivachimus Camerarius reporteth swho likewife faith,chat the pouder of the roots giuen 
to drink,doth {pecdily ceafe the gripings and paine of the Collicke. 

Small Moonewoort is fingular to heale greene and ftefh woundsiit ftaieth the bloudy flix. Ir p 
hath beene vfed among the Alchymiftes and witches to doe wonders withall,who fay,thar it will 

Moofe lockes,and make them to fall from the feet of horfes that grafewhere it doth grow,and hath 
Brenc called of them Martagon,whereas in truth they are.all but drow fie dreames and illufionszbut 


i is fingular for woundsas aforefaid. 


Cuar. 90. Of Winter-Greene. 


@| The Defcription. 
s 

t Trola hath many tender and verie greene leaues,almott like the leaues of Becte, but ra- 
} ther in my opinion like to the leaues ofa Peare-tree, whereof it tooke his name Pyrola, 
| for that itis Pyriformis. Among thefe leaues commeth vpa ftalke garnithed with pret-_ 
}tie white floures, of a verie pleafant fweet fmell, like Lillivm Conuallivm, ox the Lillieof the 
/Valley. The rootis fmalland threddie, creeping farre abroad vnderthe sround., 
} £ 2 This differs from the lat defcribed inthe flendernefle of the ftalkes, and fmalnefle of 
Ithe leaues and floures : forthe leaues of this arenot fo thicke and fubftantiall, 
|fharpe pointed,and very finely {hipt about the edges, bla 
|The floures are like thofe of the former,yet fmaller and 1 
jncred feed veffels with along pointell as in the precedent : the root alfo creepes no leffe thanthat 
jof the former,and here and there puts vp new ftalkes vnder the moffe.It growes vpon the Aufttian 
and Styrian Alpes,and floures in Tune and luly. 

3 This isancelegant plant,and fometimes becomes fhrubbie, for the new and fhort branches 
‘Browing vp each yeare,doe remaine firmeand greene for fome yeares,and grow ftraight vp, vntill 
jat length borne downe by their owne weight they fall downe andhide themfelues in the moffe. 
Wt hath commonly at each place where new branches growe forth, two, three, or foure thicke verie 
‘greene and fhining leaues,almoft in forme and magnitude like tothe leaues of Lavreola,yet fhipt 
labout the edges,of'a very drying tafte,and then bitterifh.From among thefe leaues at the Spring 
of the yeare new branches fhoot vp,hauing {mall leaues like feailes vpon them,and at their toy 


but very thinne, 
cker,and refembling a Peare-tree leafe. 
more in number:to which fucceed fiue cor- 


ppes 
Srow 


“408 —=~s«CO the Hiftoryof Plants SCL ns 


1 Pyrola. $2 Pyrola 2 tenerior Cluf. 
: Winter Greene. The fmaller VVinter-Greene, 
‘ Piya olor. Aplruolipoire. Up yo Go =Seumde, 


$ 3 Pyrola 3.fruticansCluf. £ 4 Pyrola 4.minima Cluf. 
Shrubby Winter-Grecne. Round leaued Winter Greene; 


3 


Uto a we vu} OTE CKS 


Of the Hiftory of Plants, ~ 4.09 


Lis. 2. 


5 Monophyllox. grow floures like to thofe of the fir de- 
One Blade. {cribed, yet fomewhat large?,ofawhitith 
purple colour;which fading are fucceeded 
by fiue cornered feed veffels containing a 
very fimall feed ; the roots are long & cree- 
ping. It growes a Jittle from Vienna in 
Auftria inthe woods of Entzeftorf, and in 
diuers places of Bohemia and Siletia, 
This from creeping roots fends yp 
fhort ftalkes, fet at certaine {paces with 
{mall,round, and thin leaues,alfo fnipt a- 
bout the edges,among{t which vpon a na- 
ked ftem growes a Houreof a pretty big- 
nes,confifting of fiue white fharpith poin- 
ted leaues with ten threds,and a long pdin- 
tell in the midft. The feed is contained in 
fuch heads as the former, and-ir is very 
fmall.This growes inthe fhadowie places 
ofthe Alpes of Sneberge, Hochbergerin, 
Durrenftaine, towards the roots of thefe 
great mountaines. (Juf? + 
5 Monsphyllon,or Vnifolinm hath a lea fe 
not much vnilike. the greateft lea fe of Imie; 
with many ribs or finewes like the Plan- 
taine leafe ; which fingle leafe doth alwaies {pring forth of the earth alone, but when the ftalke ri- 
feth vp, it bringeth vpon his fides two leaues, in fathion like the former ; at the top of which 
flender ftalke come forth fine {mall floures like Pyrola,which being vaded,there fucceed fimall red 
berries. The.roote is fmall, tender, and creeping farre abfoad vnder the vpper face of the 


earth, 


@ The Place. 
1 Pyrola growtth in Lanfdale,and Crauen, in the North part of England, cfpecially in a clofe 


called Crag-clofe. : ae A ese : 
2 Monophyllon groweth in Lancafhire in Dingley wood, fix miles from Prefton in Aunder- 


neffe ; and in Harwood,neere to Blackburne likewife. 
q The Time. 
1 Pyrola floureth in Tune and Iuly,and groweth winter and fommer. 


2 Monophyllon floureth in May,and the fruit isripe in September. 
q The Names. 

I Pyrola‘is calledin Englifh Winter-greene: it hath beene called Limonium of diners, but 
vatruly, : " hae ee 

2 Monophyllon, according to the etymologic of the wowl,is called in Latine Ywéfolinm : in En- 
glifh,One-blade,or One-leate. 
The Nature: 
i Pyrolais cold inthe fecond degree,and drie in the third. 


2 Moxophyllonis hotand dry of complexion. 
@ The Vertues. : ; A 
Pyrola isa moft fingilar wound-hearbe, either giuen inwardly, or applied outwardly. :the leaues 
whereof ftamped and ftrained,and the inice made into an vnguent,or healing falue,with waxe,oile, 
and turpentine,doth cure wounds,vlcers,and fiftulaes,that are mundified from the callous & tough 

matter,which keepeth the fame from healing . 

The decoétion hereof made with wine,is commended to clofevp and heale wounds of the en- B 
trailes,and inward parts: it is alfo good for vicers of the kidnetes,e{pecially made with water, and 
the roots of Comfrey added thereto. { oe ge 

The leaues of Monophyllonsor Vnifolium,are of the fame force in wounds with Pyrola, efpecially 
in wounds among the nerues and finewes.Moreouer,it is efteemed of fome late writers a moft per- 
fe& medicine againft the peftilence,and all poifons,ifa dram of the root be giuen in vineger msx- 
ed with wine or water,and the ficke go'to bed and fiveat vpon it, 


Cuars 


LEANN ad EES, 1. ERENT SEINE RBA BATE WD She 
410 ; Of the Hiftorie of Plents. Lis. 2. 


Cuar,gt. Of Lill) inthe velley, or May Lil). 


« Likum conualliume 2 Lilium connallium floribus fuaue-rubentibuse 
Cenuall Lillies, Red Conuali Lillies, 
Jacelvesired fh \ : 2 serra? 
Ge ww allariiou Vrorobes| Com of Conkar Vroia£Leo Now. | 


q) The Defcription. “ 4 

x ee Conuall Lillie, or Lilly of the Vally, hath many Ieaues like the fmalleft leaues of 

Water Plantaine , among which rifeth vp a naked fialke halfea foot igh, garnifhed 
with many white floures like little bels,with blunt and turned edges, ofa flrong fguour, yet plea- 
fant enough;which being paft,there come fimall red befries, much like the beinies? of Afparagus, 
wherein the feed is contained. The roots fmall and flender, erceping far abroad fh the ground: * 

2 The fecond kinde of May Lillies, is Kike the former in euery refpect ; and herein varieth or 
differeth, in that this kinde hath reddifh floures,and is thought to have the fweeter fmell. 

q The Place. 

x The firft groweth on Hampfted heath, foure miles from London,in great abundance : neere 
to Lee in Effex,and vpon Bufhie heath,thirteene miles from London,and many other places. 

2  Thatother kind with the red floure isa ftranger in England:howbeit Lhaue the fame grow- 
ing in my garden. 

qq The Time. 

They floure in May,and their fruit is ripe in September. 

E q The Names. ; 

The Latines haue named it Lilium Connallivm + Gefner doth thinke it to be Callionymum in the 
Germane tongue, Qpepen biumlett s the low Dutch. MBepen blocmkeng : in Fre neb,Muguet yet 
there is likewife another herbe which they call Muguet,commonly named in Englifh,W oodroof. 
Iris called in Englith Lillie of the Valley, orthe Conuall Lillie, and May Lillies, and in fome 
places Liriconfancie. ' 

@ The Nature. 


They are hotand drie ofcomplexion, 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. qu 


q The Vertues. 


The floures of the Valley Lillie diftilled with wine,and drunke the quantitie ofa {fpoonfull,re. A 
ftoreth {peech vnto thofe that haue thedum palfie and that are falne into the Apoplexie, and is 
good againft the gout,and comforteth the heart. i 

The water aforefaid doth ftrengthen the memorie that is weakened and diminifhed, it he! peth B 
alfo the inflammation of the éies, being dropped thereinto. 

The flourés of May Lillies put into a glaffe,and fet in a hill of antes clofe topped for the {pace G 
ofa moneth and then taken out, therein you fhall find a liquour,that appeafeth the paitie & griefe 
of the gout, being outwardly applied;which is commended tobe moft excellent. 


— 
= 


— 
“3 


ee rm 


=< 


EE tS 


Cuar. 92. Of Sea Lauander. 


1 Limonium. 2 Limonium parvum. 
Sea Lauander, Rocke Lauander, 


hn ibiains Spal oA 


ih 


q The Defcription, 
Here hath beene among wri- 
‘ters from time to time, great 
contention about this plant Livnoninm, 
ho one authour agreeing with another: 
for fome haue called this herbe Zi- 
mosinumfome another herb by this names 
&fome in remouing the rock,haue mired 
them(elues in the mud,as Matthiolus,wha 
defcribed two kindes, but made no di 
ftincion of them, nor yet expreffed 
which was the true Limoninm ; but asa 
man heerein ignorant, hee {peakes nota 
word ofthem. Now then to leaue con- 
trouerfies and cauilling, the true Limon. 
wm is that which hath faite leaues , like 
ne I the Limon or Orenge tree, but ofa darke 
) howe RF greene colour, fomewhat fatter,and a lit 
tlectumpled : among ft which leauesrifeth vp an hard and brittle naked ftalke ofa foot high, di 
uided at the top into fundry other fmall branches,which grow for the moft part vpon the one fide, 
full of little blewith floutes, in fhew like Lauander,with long réd {eed,and a thicke root like vnto 
the {mall Docke. 

2 There is akinde of Limonium like the firft in each refpea, but lefler, which groweth vpon 
tockes and chalkie cliffes. : 

t 3. Befides thefe twohere defcribed, there isanother elegant Plant by Clufizs and others 
teferred to this kindred: the defcription thereof is thus ; from a long flender root come forth long 
Steenc leaues lying {pred vpon theground, being alfo deepely finuated on both fides, and fome- 
what roughifh. Amongift thefe leaues stow yp the ftalkes welted with flender indented skinnes, 
and towards their tops they are diuided into fundry branches after the mianner of the ordinarie 
one; but thefe branches are alfowinged,and at their tops they carry floures fome foure or ae 
clus 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. DLes..2. 


a 


cluftering together, confifting of one thin crifpe or crumpled leafe ofa light blew colour(which 
continues long,if you gather them in their perfec vigour,and fo drie them) and in the middeft of 
this blew comes vp little white foures, confifting of fiue little round leaues with fomé white 
threds in their middles, This plant was firft. obferued by Ranwolfius at loppain Syria : but it 
groves alfo vpon the coatts of Barbarie, and at Malacea and Cadiz in Spaine: I haue feene it 
growing with many other rare plants, in the Gardenof my kinde friend M'. lohw Tradefcant at 
South Lambeth. 

4 Clufius in the end of his fourth Booke Historie Plantarum, fets forth this, and faith, hee 
received this figure with one dryed leafe of the plant fent him from Paris from Claude Gonier an 
Apothecarie of that citie,who recciued it(as you fee it here expreft) from Lisbone. Now Clufius 
defcribes the leafe that it was hard,and as if it had beena piece of leather, open on the vpper fide, 
and diftinguifhed with many large purple veines on the infide, &c. for the reft of his defcription 
was onely taken fromthe figure (ashe himfelfe faith) which I hold impertinent to fet downe, 
feeing I heere giue you the fame figure, which by nomeanes I couldomit, for the ftrangeneffe 
thereof, but hope that fome or other that trauell into forraine parts may finde this elegant plant, 
and know it by this fmall expreffion, and bring it home withthem,that {o we may come to a pers 
fe er knowledge thereof. + ; 


+ 3 Limoninm folio finuato. $ 4 Limonio congener, Cluf. 
Sea-Lauander with the indented leafe. Hollow leaued Sea-Lauander? 


@ The Place. 


ig 


1 The firftstoweth in great plentie vpon the walls of the fort againft Grauefend : but abun- 
dantly on the banke’.of the Riuer below the fame towne, as alfo below the Kings Store-houfe at 
Chattam : and faft by the Kings Ferrey going into the Ifleof Shepey: in the falt marfhes by 
Lee in Effex : in the Marth by Harwich,and many other places. = 

Bc : 2 The 


The {mall kitide I could neuer finde in any other place but vpon thechalky cliffe going from 
the towne of Margate downe to the fea fide.ypon the left hand. 
‘ q The Time, é 
They floure in Iuneand Luly. 
@ The Names. 
It thall be needleffe to trouble you with any other Latine name than is expreft in their titles : 
the people neere the fea fide where it groweth do call it Marth Lauander, and fea Lavander. 
+ This cannot be the Limonium of Diofcorides, for the leaues are not longer than a Beet, por 
the ftalke fo tall as that of a Lillie, but you thal! finde more hereafter concerning this in the 
7 «L 5 
Chapter of water Plantaine. I cannot better refer this to any: plant deferibed by the Antients 
than coBritannica defcribed by Diofcorides lib. 4. cap.2. + 
q The Nature. 
The feed of Limonium is very aftringent or binding. f 
The Vertues: 
The feed beaten into pouder, and drunke in wine, hel peth the collicke, ftrangurie, and Dyfen- A 
teria. : ; . 
The feed taken as aforefaid, ftaieth the ouermuch flowing of womens termes, and all other B 
fluxes of bloud, 


Mr err 
Car. 93. Of Serapias Turbith, or Sea Starwort. 


‘g Tripolinm vulgare majus, Hak jae TAp olin § 2 Tripolinm vulgare minus: 
Great Sea Searwort. ¥ Small Sea Starwort. 


ath 
wh NA, 
r YX 


SN 


@ The Defcription. 


I TH firft kinde of Tripolivm hath long and. large Jeaues. {omewhat hollow or furrowed, 
ofa fhining greene colour declining to b!ewnefie, like the, leaues.of, YWVoade : among 

which rifeth vpaftalke of twocubits high, and more,which toward the top isdinided iuto many 
fmall branches garnifhed with many floures like Camomill, yeHow, in the middle, fer about, 
M m or 


wn DP 


414, @ Of the Hiflorie of Plents. Lis.2. 


or bordered with fmall blewifh leaues,likea pale,as inthe foures of Camomill, wh ich grow into 
a whitifh rough downe, that ficth away with the winde. The root is long ard threddy. 
2 There is another kinde of T7/polinm like the firft, but much fmaller, wherein confifteth the 


difference. 
gq The Place. 


Thefe herbs grow plentifully alongft the Englifh coafts inmany places,as by the fort agaiit 
'Grauefend, in the He of Shepey in furdry places, ina marfh w hich is vnder the towne walls of 
Harwich, in the marfh by :Lee in Effcx, ina marfh which is between the Ile of Shepey and Sard- 
wich, efpecially where it ebbeth and fioweth : being broughtinto gardens, it fiourifhetha loag 
time, but there it waxeth huge,great, and ranke , and changeth the great roots into firings, 

| The Time. 

Thefe herbs do floure in May and Tune. 

| The Names. 

It is reported by men of great fame and learning, that this plant was called Tripolium, becaufe 
it doth change the colour of his floures thrice inaday. This rumour we may beleeue, and it may 
be true, for thatwe fee and perceive things ofas great and greater wonder to proceed out ofthe 
earth, This herbeI planted in my garden, whither (in his feafon) I did repaire to finde out the 
truth hereof, but I could notefpie any fuch variablenefle herein ; yet thus much I may fay, thatas 
the heate of the funne doth change the colour of diuers fioures, fo it fell out with 
this, which in'the morning was very faire, but afterward of a pare orwan colour. Which proo- 
ueth that to be but a fable which Dioftorides faith is reported by fome, that in one day it chan- 
geth the colour of his floures thrice: that is to fay, in the morning it is white, at noone purple, 
and in the evening punsv : OF crimfon. But it isnot vntrue, that there may be found three colours 
of the floures in one day, by reafon that the floures are not all perfected together(as before I part- 
ly touched) but one after another by little and little. And there may cafily be obferued three 
colours inthem, which is to be vnderftood of them that are beginning to floure, that are perfe- 
&ly floured, and thofe that are falling away. For they that are blowing and be notwide open and 
perfed, are ofa purplith colour, and thofe that are perfeé and wide open, of a whitith blew ; and 
fuch as haue fallen away haueawhite down: which changing hapneth ynto fundry other plants. 
This herbe is called of Serapio, Turbith : women that cwell by the fea fide, call itin Englith, 
blew Daifies,or blew Camomill ,and about Harwich it.is called Hogs beares, for thar the 
Iwine do greatly defire to fec¢ trereon : as alfo for that the knobs about the roots doe fomewhat 
refemble the Garden Beane. It is called in Greeke sea»: anddiuers others +»: itmay be fitly 
called Affer Marinus, or Amelius Marinus : in Englith, Sea Sraiwort,Serapio’s Turbith : of fome, 
Blew Daifies. “The Arabian Scrapio,doth call Sea Starwort, Turbith; and after him, duicen - 
yet Adwarins the Grecian doth thinke that Turbith is the root of Alypum : Mefues iudged it tobe 
the root of an herbe like fennell. The Hiftorie of Turbith of the fhops fhall be difcourfed vpon 
in his proper place. 

gq The Nature. 

Tripolivm is hot in the third degree, as Galen faith. 

q@ The Vertues. 

The root of Tripolinm taken in wine by the quantitic of two drams, driveth forth by fiege wate- 
rith and groffe humors, forwhich caufe it is often given to them thathaue the dropfie. 

It isan excellent herbe againft poifon, and comparable with Pyrola, ifnot of greater efficacy in 
healing of wounds either outward or inward. 


Cuar- 94. Of Turbith of Antioch. 


@ The Defcript ion. 


Arcias a Portugal Phyfition faith that Turbith is a plant hauing a root which is neither 
great nor long : the ftalke is of two fpans long, fometimes much longer, @ finger thicke, 
which creepeth in the ground like Iuie,and bringeth forth leaues like thofe of the marifh 

Mallow. Thefloures bealfo like thofe of the Mallow, ofa reddith white colour : the lower part 
of the ftalke only, which is next to the root and gummie, is that which is profitable in medicine, 
and is the fame that is fed in fhops : they chufe that for the beft which is hollow,and round like a 
reed,brittle,and with a {mooth barke,as alfo that whercunto doth cleaue'a congealed gum, which 


is faidtobe gummofum, or gummy, and fomewhat white. But,as Garcias faith, it is not alwaies 
summic 
5D 


Lie. 2. Of the Hittorie of Plants. 


gummie of his owne nature ; but the Indians becaufe they fee that our merchants notethe bes 
Turbith by the gummineffe; arewont before they gather the fame,either to writhe or elfelightly 
to brufe them, that the fap or liquor may iffue out; which root being once hardned, they picke 
out from the reft to fellat a greater price. Itis likewife made white,as the faid Author theweth, 
being dried in the funne : for if it be dried in the fhadow it waxeth blacke, which hotwithftanding 


may beas good as the white which is dried inthe Sunne, 


Turbith Alexandrinum officinarum, q The Place, 
Tarpetum,or Turbith o fthe fhops, 

It groweth by the fea fide, but yet not {0 
neere that the wath or water of the fea may 
come to it,but neere about,and thar for two 
or three miles in vntilled grounds, rather 
moift than drie. It is found in Cambaya, 
Surrate,in the Ie Dion, Bazaim,and in pla- 
ces hard adioining ; alfo in Guzaratewhere 
it groweth plentiftilly, from whenee great 
abundanceof it is brought into Perfia, Ara- 


bia, A fia the leffe, and alfo into Portingale 
and other parts of Europe : but that is pre- 
ferred which groweth in Cambaya, 


Gq The Names; 


It is called ofthe Arabians,Perfians, and 
Turkes Turbith : and in Guzarata Barcaman: 
in the prouince Canara, in which is the city 
Goa,Tiguar : likewife in Europe the learned 
call it diuerfly, according to their feuerall 
fancies, which hath bred {undry controuer- 
fies,as it hath fallen out afwellin Hermoda- 
&yls,as in Turbith; the vfe and poffeffion of 
which we cannot feeme to want: butwhich 
plant is the true Turbith, we have great 
caufeto doubt,;Some haue thought our 777- 

polium marinum , defcribed in the former 
chapter,to be Turbith : others haue f{uppo- 
fed it tobe one of the Tthymales, but which kinde they know not: Guillandinus faith, that the 
toot of Tithymalus myrfinites is the truc Turbith; which eaufed Lobelius and Pena to plucke vp by 
the rootsall the kindes of Tithymales, and drie them very -curioufly ; which when they had beheld, 
and throughly tried, they found itnothing fo. The Arabians and halfe Moores that dwell.in the 
Eaft patts haue giuen diners names vnto this plant :and as theirwords are dimers, fo haue they 
diuers fignificatious ; but this name Turbith they feemeto interpret to beany milky root which 
doth ftrongly purge flegmic,as this plant doth. So that as men haue thought good,pleafing them- 
felues, they hauemade many and divers conftuGions which haue troubled many excellent lear- 
ned men to know. what root is the true Turbirh. But briefly to fet downe my opinion,not va~ 
rying from the iudgment of nien which are of great experience; I thinke affuredly that the root 
of Scammony of Antioch is the true and yndoubted Turbith, one reafon efpecially thar moueth 
me foto thinke is, for that I haue taken vp the roots of Scanimony which grew in my garden, 
and compared them with the roots of Turbith,between which I found little ot no difference at all 

£ Through all Spain(as Chefius in his notes vpon Garcias teftifies) they vfe the roots of Thap- 
fia for Turbith which alfo have been broughthither,and I keepe fome of them by me, but they 
purge lirtle or nothing at all being drie, though it may be the green root or juice may hauc fome 
purging faculty. + q| The Temperature and Vertues. 

The Indian phyfitions vfe it to purge flegme, to which if there be no fever they adde gin. 
ger,otherwife they giue it without in the broth of a chicken, and fometimes in faire water, 

+ Mefwes writeth, that Turbitb is hot in the third degree , and that it voideth thicke rough 
flegme out of the ftomacke, cheft, finewes, and out of the furthermoft parts of the body : but 
(as he faith) it is flow in working,and troubleth and ouerturneth the ftomacke : and therefore gin: 
ger, mafticke, and other {pices are to be mixed with it ; alfo oile of {weet almondes, or almondes 
themfelues,or fugar, leaft the body with the pote fhould pine and fallaway. Others tem- 
Mm 2 DCE 


415 


A 


416 ore Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lise2. 


per itwith Dates, feet Almonds,and certaine other things, making thereof a compofition (that 
the Apothecaries call an Electuatie)which is named éugrmai : common in fhops,and in continuall 
vfe among expert Phyfitions. 

C There isgiuenat one time of this Turbith one dram (more or leffe)two,at the maft : but in the 
decb&ion,or in the infufion three or foure, : 


Cuar. 95. Of Arrow-head,or Water-archer. 


1 Sagittaria maior. 
Great Arrow-head. 


Mar saytlfe Cw = 


Mig 4 
rie as 


a] The Defcription. 
I He firft kinde of Water-archer or Arrow-head,hath large and long leaues,in fhape like 
the figne Sagittarins,ox sather like a bearded broad Arrow head. Among which rifeth 
vp fat and thicke ftalke, two or three foot long,hauing at the top many prettie white floures, des 
clining to a light carnation, compaét of three {mall leaues: which being paft,there come after 
great rough knops or burres wherein is the feed, The root confifteth ofmany ftrings. 

3 The fecond is like the firft, and differeth in that this kinde hath {maller leaves and floures, 
and greater burres and roots. 

3 Thethird kinde of Arrow-head hath leaves in fhape like the broad Arrow-head, ftandin 
vpon the ends of tender foot ftalkes a cubit long : among which rifevp long naked fmooth ftalks 
of a greenith colour, from the middle whereof to the top doe grow floures like to the precedent. 
The root is fmall and threddie. 

@ The Place. 

Thefe herbes doe grow inthe watrie ditches by Saint George his field neere vnto London ; in 
the Tower ditch at London; in theditches neere the wals of Oxford ; by Chelmesford in Effex, 
aad many other places, as namely in the ditch neere the place ofexecution, called Saint Thomas 
Waterings not far from London. 

q The Time. 


They floure in May and Iune. 
q The 


b 1B. a Of the Hiftory of Plants. | Ary 


The Names. 
Sagittarta,may be called in Englifh the Water-archer, or Arrow-head. + Some would h 
the Phleum of T heophrafius;and it is the PiffanatAtaconis,and Sagitta of Plany,tib,2 1.¢ap.17, 
q 7 he Native and Vertues, 
T finde not any thing extant in whiting eithereoncerning their vertues or tempcrament, but 
doubtleffe they are cold and drie in qualitic,and are like Plantaiffé in facultie and temperamenc, 


auie it 


Cuar. 96. Of Water Plantaine. 


¥ Plantago aquatica maior, 2 Plantago aquatica minor frellata. 
Gryat Water Plaritaine, Starry headed {mall Water Plantaine; 


» 


AN, 


Wy 
) You 
a 


AM 4d 0 RO 
2 pe 
= \ fi 
ff Woe y 
tf)" Ld) ff 


DIN 

| The Defcription. : 

I a firft kinde of water Plantaine hath faire great large leaues like the land Plaintaine, 
but {moother,and full of ribs or finewes : among which rifeth vp a ral! ftemme foure 

foot high,diuiding it felfe into many flender branches,garnifhed with infinit fmall white flours, 


Mm 3 whicl 


“aa8 . OF the Hiftory of Plants, Lip. 2. 


which being paft there appeare triangle huskes-or buttons wherein is the feed. The root is asit 
were a great tuftofthreds or thrums. 

+ 2 This plantinhis roots and Jeaues is like the laft defcribed,as alfoin the ftalke,but much 
leffe in each of them,the ftalke being about fome foot high ; ar the top whereof {tand many pretty 
ftatre-like skinny feed-veflels, cont aining a yellowith f feeds: + 

3. The fecond kinde hath ‘long, little, _ narrow leaues, much like the Plantaine called Rib- 
woort : among which rife vp <temathand feeble talks branche d at the top, whereon are placed white 
floures, confilting of three {lender feaues ; w hich boing sleaines come to your view round 
knobs, | orroughburs: t the root is threddy. 

a 7 ‘he Place, 

t This herbe growes about the brinkes of riuers, ponds and ditches almoft euery where. 

eae Theft are more rare. I found the fecone: a little beyond Ilford, in the way to R Rum- 
ford, and M". Goodyer found it alfo growing vpon Hounflow heath, I foundeHe third in the 
as M'. William Broad, and Mt . Leonard Buckwer, ina ditch on this fide Margate in the 
Ifleof Tenet. £ 


@| The Time. 
They floure from Iune till Auguft. 
q The Names. 


The firft kinde is called Plastago aquati¢a, that is, water Plantaine. + The fecond Lobell calls 


Alifina pufillum Anguftifolinm muricatum,and i in Se Hift.Lugd. itis called Damafoninm ftellatum. ¥ 
The'tl hird is named Plantago aquatica by umilisst ha s, the lo w water Plantaine. 

+ Ithinkeit fit here to re Rove this plant to his ‘ancient dignitie, that is, his names and titles 
wherewith hewas anciently dignified by Diofcorides and Pliny, The former whereof calls it by 
poe names, and all very fignificant aNd proper, as russe, mney, noeedve,angens? thus Many are 

Greek, and therefore ought not to be reiected, asthey h -been by fome without either reafon 
orauthoritie. For the barbarous names we can { fay nothing , , How itis faid tobe called Limoninm 
becaule & reuse every: it Srowes in wet or ouerflowen t medow res: it is called Neuroides, becauée the 
leafe is compofed of Fdiuers {trings or fibres running from the one end thereof tothe other,as in 
Plantain,which therfore by D: iofeorides i is termed by tl the fame reafon myer: Alfo itmay beas fitly 
termed Lonchitis for the fimilitude which the leafe hath to the top or head of a lance which 
ve properly fignifies, as that other plant deferibed by Déo/. 46. 3. cap. 161. for that the feed (a 
leffe eminent part) refer mbles the fame thing. And for cotamogciton which fignifies a neighbour 
to the Riuer or water, I thinke it loues the water afwell,and is as neerea neighbour to itas that 
which takes it’s name from the nee,and is defcribed by Diofcorides, ib. 4.¢ap. 101. Now to come 
to Pliny, lib. 20. cap, 8. he calls it, Bera ficveftris, Limonion, and Nen iyi: the two later namesare 
out of Diofcorides, and I thall fhew you w herealf oyou fh all finde the former in him. Thus much 
I thinke might ferue for the vindication of my affertion, for I dare boldly affirme that no late wri- 
ter can fitall thefe names to any other plant, and that makes me more to wonder that all our late 
Herbarifts as Matthiolus, Dodon Fuchfius, Cafalpinus, Dale(champins, but aboue all Pena and 
Lobell, who Aduerf. pag. 126. callit to que {tion, fhould not allow this plant to be Limonium,efpe- 
cially "feing that Aveuillara had before or in their time afferted it fo robe ; but whether he gaue 
any reafons or no f s affertion,I cannor tell, becaufe I could neuer by any meanes get his Opi- 
nions, but only finde by Bawhine his Pivax that fuch was his opinion hereof. But to returne from 
whence I digreft, I will giue you D7ofcorides his defcription, and a briefe explanation thereof, and 
fo defift , itis thus: It hath leaues like a Beef,t] inner and larger, 10. or more; a ftalke flender, 


ftraight, andas tall as that of a Lilly and fate ( sds ofan aftringenttafte. The leaues of this 
you fe are larger than thofe ofa Beet.and thin I formerly told you in the names,neruous ; 
which to be fo may be plainely gathered by es hiswords inthe defcription of white 
Hellebore,whofe leaues he compares to t] ntaine and the wilde Beet : now there is 
no wild Beet mentioned by any of the Ant only this by Pliay inthe place formerly quo- 
ted, nor no leafe more fit to compare thofe of Jellebore to, than thofe of water Plantaine, 
efpecially for rhe nerues and fibres that run alo he leaues, the ftalke alfo of this is but flender 


confidering the height, and it growes ftraight,and as high as that ofa Lilly,with the top plenti- 
rifully ftored with altringent feed s fo that no one nofe Is wanting inthis, nor fearfe any to be 
found in the other plants that many haue of late fet forth for Limonium. ¢ 


| The Nature. 


Water Plantaine is cold and dry of tempetature. 


gq The 


“Lies2 OF theHiftory of Plants: 


@ The Vertues. 
The leaues of water Plantaine,as fome Authors report are good ta be laid vpon the less of fuch 1 
as are troubled with the Dropfie,and hath the fame propettie that the land Plantaine hath a a 
+. Diofcorides and Galen commend the feed hereof giuen in WV ine,again{t Fluxes Prvfontenid 
the fpitting of bloud, and ouermuch flowing of womens termes, on Spite 
Pliny faith, he leaues are good againft butnes. + c 

* 


Cuar.97; Of Land Plantaine. 


1 Plantago latifolia. 2 Plantagoincana. 
Broad leaued Plantaine. a Hoarie Plantaine: 


mr SN ehaie 1. 


q| The Defcription. 


I § the Greekes haue called fome kindes of Herbes Serpents tongue, Dogs tongue,and 
Oxe tongue ; fo haue they termed akind of Plantaine 4rnoglo(fon,which is as if you 
fhould fay Lambes tongue, very well knowne vatoall, by reafon of the great commo- 

ditie and plenty thereOf growing eucry where ; and therefore it is needleffe to fpend time about 
them. The greatnefle and fafhion of the leaues hath been the caufe of the varieties and diuerfities 
of their names j 

+ The fecondis likethe fir kinde, and differeth in that, that this kinde of Plantaine hath 
greater, but fhorter {pikes or knaps :and the leayes are of an hoarie or ouetworne greene colour : 
the ftalkes are likewife hoary.and hairy. ¢ ; : 

3. The {mall Plantaine hath many tender leaues ribbed like vato the great Plantaine, and is 

very like in each refpe& vnto it, fauing that it 1s altogether leffer. ; 
4. The fpiked Rofe Plantaine hath very few leaues, narrower than the Jeaues of the fecond 
kinde of Plantaine, fharper at the ends, ahd furtheg growing one from another. It beareth,a very 
double floure ypona fhort {tem like a rofe, ofa greenith gglour tending to yellownefle. The feed 
groweth vpona fpikie tuft aboue the higheft part of the plant ; notwithftanding it is but very low 

in refpea of the other Plantaines aboue mentioned. me 
5 MS 


4.20 Of the Hiftory of Plants, Ens. 2 


4, Plantago Rofea fpicata. 5 Plantago Rofea exotica, 
Strange Rofe Plantaine. 


c Spiked Rofe Plantaine, 
CP lrmtiag o MN “63 OL War vetae N) 
( 


coy 
Sey 
; SSN 
aN , 
We, 


=< 


£ 6 Plantago panniculis (parfis. 
Plantaine with fpoky tufts. 
Htataanmnjor  Vonivkas.ny. 
| l ed 


ey 


5 The fifth kinde of Plantaine hath beene 
a {tranger in England and elfewhere, vntill the 
impreffion hereof. The caufewhy I fay fo is, 
the want of confideration of the beauty which 
isinthis plant, wherein it excelleth all the 
other. Moreouer, becaufe that it hath not bin 
written of or recorded before this prefent 
time, though plants: of leffer moment haue 
beene very curioufly fet forth. This plant hath 
leaues like ynto them of the former, and more 
orderly {pred vpon the ground like a Rofe : a- 
mong which rife vp many {mall ftalks like the 
other plantaines , hauing at the top of euery 
_onea fine double Rofesaltogether vnlike the 
former, ofan hoary orrufty greene colour. 

+ Itakethis fet forth by our Author to be 

the fame with that which Clufizs receiued 
from James Garret the yonget, from London and therefore I giue you the figure thereof in this 
place, together with this addition to the hiftorie out of Clufizs : That fome of the heads are like 
thofe of the former Rofe Plantaine ; other fomeare {pike fafhion, and fome hauea {pike growing 
as itwere out of the midft of the Rofe, and fome heads are otherwife (haped : alfo the whole plant 
is more hoary than the common Rofe Plantaine. 

6 This plantain muft not here be forgot, though itbe fomwhat hard to be found : his leaues, 
roots, and ftalkes are like thof of the ordinarie; but in ftead of a compa {pike it hath one much 
dinided after the mannet as you {ee it hete expreffed in the figure, and the colour thereof is gree- 
fifh. £ 


q ‘The 


Lis. 2. bg OF the Hiftory of Plants. 421 


; @ The Place, 

The greater Plantaines do grow almoft euery where. 

The leffer Plantaine is found on the fea coafts and bankes of greatsiucrs, which ate fometimes 
wathed with braekith water. 

+ The Rofe Plantaines grow with vs in gardens ; and the fixth with fpokie tufts groweth in 
fome places:in the Ifle of Tenet, where I firft found it, being in company with M*. Thomas Hickes, 
M'.Leonard Buckner, and othet London Apothecaries, 4ano 1632. + 

& TheTime, 

They are to be feene from Aprill vnto September. 

G The Names. 

Plantaine is called in Latine Plamtago,and in Greeke éméru-m, and Arnogloffa , that is to fay; 
Lambes tongue: the A pothecaries keepethe Latine name: in Italian, Piantagine, and Plantagine : 
in Spanith, Lhantem « the Germanes, Wegrich : in Low-Dutch, waechbpe 3 in Englith,Plantain, 
and Weybred: in French, Plastaiv. i / 

q| The Temperature. 

Plantaine (as Galen faith) is of a mixt temperature ; for it hath in it acertaine waterie cold- 
neffe, with a little harfhneffe, earthy, dry, and cold : therefore they are cold and dry inthe fecond 
degree. Tobe briefe, they are dry without biting, and cold withourbenumming. The root is of 
like temperature, but dricr,and not focold. The feed is of fubtill parts, and of temperature leile 
cold. 

q The Vertues. 

Plantaine is good for vicers that are of hard curation, for fluxes, iffues,theumes,and rottennefle, 
and for the bloudy flix : it ftayeth bleeding, it heaies vp hollow fores and vcers,as well old as new. 
Of all the Plantaines the greateft is the beft, and excelleth the reft in facultic and vertue, 

The inyce or deco<tion of Plantaine drunken ftoppeth the bloudy flix and all other fluxes of 
the belly, ftoppeth the piffing of bloud, {pitting of bloud, and all other iffties of bloud in man or 
woman, and the defire to vomit. 

Plantaine leaues ftamped and made into a Tanfie, with the yelkes of egges, ftayeth the fnordi- > 
nate flux of the termes, although it haue continued many yeares, 

The root of Plantaine with the feed boyled in white Wine and drunke, openeth the conduits 
ot paffages of the liner and kidnies,cures the jaundice, and vIcerations of the kidnies and bladder, 

The juyce dropped in the eyes doth coole the heat and inflammation thereof. I finde in anci- 
ent Writers many good-morrowes, which I thinke not meet to bring into your memorie againc 
as that three roots will cure one gricfe, foure another difeafe, fix hanged about the necke are good 
foranother maladie, 8c. all which are but ridiculous toyes. 

The leaues are fingular good to make a water to wafh a fore throat or mouth,or the priuy parts 
ofa man orwoman. 

The leaues of Plantaine ftamped and put into Oyle Oliue, and fet inthe hot Sun fora moneth 
together, and after boyled ina kettle of feething water (which we doe call Balneum Atarie ) and 
then ftrained, preuatleth againft the paines in the eares, the yard, or matrix, (being dropped into 
the eares, or caft with a fyringe into the other parts before rehearfed) or the paines of the funda- 
ment , proued by alearned Gentleman M*. Wiliam Godowrus Sergeant Surgeon to the Queenes 
Maieftie. 


Cuapr. 98. Of Rib-wort. 


@ The Defiription. 


I Ib-wort or fmall Plantaine hath many leaues flat {pred vpon the ground,narrow, {harp 
pointed,and ribbed for the moft part with fiue nerues or finewes,and therefore it was 
called Quingue-neruias inthemiddle of which leaues rifeth vp acrefted or ribbed 

ftalke, bearing at the top a darke or dusky knap, fet with a few fuch white floures as are the floures 
ofwheat. The rootand other parts are like the other Plantaines. 
+ Thereis another leffe kinde of this Rib-wort, which differs not from the laft mentioned in 
any thing but the {mallneffetheteof. + a 

2 Rofe Rib-wort hath many broad and long leaues of a darke grecne colour, fharpe pointed, 
and ribbed with fue nerves or finewes like the common Rib-wort ; amongft which rife vp naked 
ftalkes furrowed, chamfered, or crefted with certaine fharpe edges : at the top whereof groweth a 
. great and large tuft of fuch leaues as thofe are that grow next the ground, making one entire tutt 


OF 


422 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lis.2. 


or vmbel, in fhaperefembling the rofe (wherof I thought good togiue it his fyrname Rofe)which 
is from his floure. 

+ Thisalfo Tthink differs not from that of c/ufiws, wherefore I giue his figure in the place of 
that fet forth by our Author, + 


1 Plantago quinqueneruia. 2 Plantago quinqueneruiarofea. 
Ribwort Plantaine. , Rofe Ribwort, 
OV ch CLaO Corrce o Cot hoe 


«| The Place. 

Ribwort groweth almoft euery where in the borders of path-wayes and fertile fields. 

Rofe Ribwort isnot very common in any place, notwithftanding it groweth in my garden, and 
wilde alfo in the North parts of England ; and ina field neere London by a village called Hogf- 
don, found bya learned merchant of London M".Zames Cole, a louer of plants, and very skilful! in 
the knowledge of them. . 

@ The Time. 

They floureand flourifh when the other Plantaines do. 

The Names. , 

Ribwortis called in Greeke, apoyrssw sine : and of fome, wwninvee in Latine, Plantago minor, Quins 
queneruia,and Lanceola,or Lanceolata : in high Dutch, Sppitsiger tegrich :in French, Lanceole : in 
Low-Dutch,ondts tibbe ; that is to fay in Latine,Co/fa canina,or Dogs rib : in Englifh,Ribwort, 
and Ribwort Plantaine, : : ’ : 

The fecond I haue thought meet tocal Rofe Ribwort in Englith,and Quinqueneruiarofea in La- 
tines 

q The Temperature. 

Ribwort is cold and dry in the fecond degree, as are the Plantains. 

qT he V ertues. 

The vertues are referred tothe kindes of Plantaines. 


Cuar. 


Lis. 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 42 
een ieee asl Medlin de eee aoe 
Cuar. 99. Of Sea Plantaines. 
2 Holofteum parvum, 


Fe Holofteurm Salamanticum, 
Flouring fea Plantaine. Small fea Plantaine. 


3 Plastago marina, 
Sea Plantaine. i 


OPE vt a2Go Wonrthirnow 
po ata 
(5 ~) 
Ne NYY " 
if: WY Wy} 
F i: NYA a), 
Ay Wi i 
Ve Nh Pe\" 
A: (At) Ne 
W: MEV At 


| The Defcription. 


i Arolus Clufius that excellent Herbarift hath referred thefe two for 
the kindes of Sea Plantaine, ‘The firft hath long Ieaues like the common Rib-wort, 
but narrower, couered with fome hairineffe or wollineffe : among which there rifeth 

befet with many fiall floures 


vpa ftalke, bearing atthe topa {pike like the kindes of Plantaine, 
ofan herby colour, declining towhiteneffe. The feed is like that of the Plantaine : the root is long 


andwooddy. This floures in Aprillor May. 
2 The fecond is like the former,but fmallerjand not fo gray or hoary:the floures are like toCord- 


_ nopws, or the leffer Ribwort. This floures at the fame time as the former, 7 
3 The 


ts Of Holofteum ynito 


424 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lies. 2 


3. Thethird kinde,which 1s the fea Plantaine, hath {mall and narrow leaues like Bucks-horn, 


but without any manifeft incifure,cuttings or notches vpon the one fide:among which rifeth vp a 
fpikie ftalke, like the common kinde, but {maller. 


¥ 4 Holofteum, fine Leontopodium Creticum. £ 5 Holofteum; fine Leontopod. Cret. alterum. 
Candy Lyons foot. The other Candy Lyons foot. 


+ 4 Thefe two following Plants are by Clufius and Bavhine referred tothis Tribe ; wherefore 
Tthinke it fitting to place them here, The former of them froma reddifh, and as it were fealy 
root growing leffe by little and little, and divided into fibres, fends forth many leaues , narrow, 
hoary, an handfull Jong, and having three nerues or ribbes running a'ongft each of them:amongf 
thefe come forth diuers foot-ftalkes, couered with a foft reddifh downe, and being fome two or 
three inches long,hauing heads fomewhat thickeand-reddith : the floures are whitith,witha blac- 
kith middle, which makes it feemeas if it were perforated or Loled. Now when the plant growes 
old, and withers, the ftalkes becomming more thicke and ftiffe, bend downe their beads towards 
the roor, fo that infome fort they refemble the foot ofa Ly on. 

5 This Plant which is figured in the vpper place(for I take the lower tobe an exadter figure 
of the laftdefcribed) hath leaues like to the fmall fea Plantaine, but tenderer, and ftanding vp- 
right, and among ft thefe on little foot-ftalkes grow heads like thofe of P/ylzum, but prettier , and 
ofawhitifh red colour. + 


@ The Place. 


The two firft grow in moft of the kingdomes of Spaine. Carols Clufiws writeth, that hee neuer 
faw greater or whiter than neere to Valentia a city of Spaine by the high-waies«Since,they haue 
beene found at Baftable in the ifle of Wight, and in the ifles of Gernfey and Iarfey. 

The third doth grow neerevnto the fea in all the places about England where haue trauelled, 
efpecially by the forts on both the fides of the water at Grauefend ; at Erith neere London at Lee 
in Effex , at Ric in Kent; at Weft-Chefter,and at Briftow. 


: The fourth and fifth grow in Candy, fram whence they haue been fent to Padua and diuers 
other places... + 


gq The 


L 1b.. Be Of the Hiftory of Plants. 425 


The Names. 

Holofteum is alfo calledby Dodoneus, Plantago anguftifolia albidu, or Plantago Hifpanienfis : in En= 
glith, Spanifh hairy {mall Plantaine, or flouring {ea Plantaine. 
- + The fourth is called by Clufius, Leontopodinm Cretscum : by fome it hath bectie thought tobe 
Catanance of Diofcorides : thewhich Honorius Bellus willnot allow of : Bawhine calls it Holoftenm, fine 
Leontopodium Creticum. ‘ 

The fifth is Leontopodinm Creticum alterum of Clufius ; the Habbures of Camerarias ; and the Holo. 
feeum Creticum alterum of Banhine. + 

q| The Temperature and Vertues, 

Galen faith, That Holoftewm is of a binding and drying facultie. 

Galen, Diofcorides, and Pliny haue proued it to be fuch an excellent wound herbe, that it prefent- 
ly clofeth or fhutteth vp awound, though it be very great and large :and by the fame authority I 
fpeake it, that ifit be put intoa pot where many picces of flefh are boyling, it will foder them to- 

ether. 

Thefe herbes haue the fame faculties and vertues that the other Plantains haue,and are thought 

tobe the beft ofall the kindes. 


+ That which was formerly in the fourth place of this chapter, vnder the name of Holoffeum petr¢um, you fhall finde hereafter vnder the tithe of Mufcwe comi- 
citlatus 5 for ynder that nameour Author alfo gauc anozher figure thereof, with a defcription 5 and I iudgeit more fitly placed inthat place, than here amongit the 
Plantaines. 


Cuar.ioo, Of Sea Buck-horne Plantaines. 


1 Coronopus. 2 Coronopus, fine Serpentina minor; 
ea Buck-horne, in Small Sea Buck-hornes 
Deanceag 6 V Pe Bene MA 0b, 
ih “age 


Ae 


XG 


/} 3 2 Vio, 
Ne (3 


on 


= SS 


a The Defcription. 


i He new Writers following 4s it 
were by tradition thofe that haue 
written long agone, haue beene 

content to heare themfelues fpeake and fet 
downe. certainties by vncertaine fpeeches ; 
which hath wrought fuch confufion and cor- 
ruption of writings, that fo many Writers, fo 
many feuerall opinions ; as may moft euident- 
ly appeare in thefe plants and in others : And 
my felfe am content rather to fuffer this fear to 
___ paffe,than by correéting the error, to renew the 
oldwound. But for mine owne opinion thus I thinke, the plant which is reckoned fora kinde of 
Coronnpus is doubtlefleakinde of Ho/o/teum : my reafon is, becau feit hath graffie leaues, or rather 
leaues like 7 eronica fylaeftris or wilde Pinks, a root like thofe of Garyophyllataor Auens,and the {pi- 
kie eare of Holofteum or Sea Plantaine : which are certaine arguments that thefe writers haue neuer 
feene the Plant, but onely the picture thereof, and fo haue fee downe their opinions by peste 
~Na [his 


426 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lick 


This plant likewife hath beene altogether vnknowne vnto the old Writers. It groweth moft 

plentifully vpon the cabs and rocks and the tops of the barren mountains of Auvergne in France, — 
i sot Italy. 

a pet cae fort of wilde fea Plantaine or Serpentina differeth not from the former but onely | 
in qnantitie and flenderneffe of his ftalkes, and the {mallneffe of his leaues, which exceed not the | 
height oftwo inches. Itgroweth on the hills and rockes neere the wafhings of the feaat Mafitlia 
in great plenty almoft euery where among the Tragacanthum, hauing a moft thicke and fpreading 
clufter of leaues after the manner of Sedum minimum [axeum montanin, fomewhat like Pinafter , ox 
the wilde Pine, as well inmanner of growing, as {tiffene fle, and great increafe of his flender bran- 
ches. Ithath the fmall feed of Plantaine, or Serpentina vulgaris, contained within his {piky eares, 
The root is fomewhat long,wooddy, and thicke, in tafte fomewhat hot and aromaticall, 


3 Coronopus fine Serpentina minima, 4 Cauda Muri’, 
Small Buck-horne Plantaine, Wiontcseallc: 


Muros WuUr» WArnmnnricd, 


3. This fmall fea plant is likewife one of the kindes of fea PI 
Buck-horne as of Holoftinm, being as itwere a degenerate kinde 
graffie leaues vety like vato the herbe Thrift, but much fmal] 
tender foor-ftalkes, whereon do grow {mall {pikie knops like 
tough and threddy. 

4 Moufe-taileor Cauda muris refembleth the lat kinde of wi 
{mall {pikie knops, leaues,and ftalkes, that I know no te 
well place this fmall herbe among the kindes of Coronop 
paces kindes of Holo/tinm in the fame feGion : and if tl 


de tolerated in me, confidering thatwithout controuerfie this little and bafe herbe is a kinde of 
Holoflium, hauing many {mall fhort graffie leaues {pred on the ground, an inch long or fomewhat 
more: among whichdo rife {mall tender naked ftalkes of two inches long, bearing at the topa lit- 
tle blackith torch or {pikie knop in fhape like that of the Plantaines, refembling very notably the 
taile ofa Moufe, whereofit tooke his name. The root is {mal} and threddy. 
G The Place. 

The firftand fecond of thefe plants are ftrangers in England , notwithftanding I hauehcard fay 
that they srow vpon the rocks in Silley,Garnfey,and the Ile of man. . 

Moute-taile groweth vpon a barren ditch banke neere vnto a gate leading intoa pafture on the 
right hand of the way, as ye go from London toa village called Hampftead ; ina fieldas you goe 
from Edmonton (avillage necre London) vato a houfe thereby called*Pims , by the foot-paths 


fides A ip \ Voodford Row in Waltham Porreft,and in the Orchard belonging to M'. Francis Whet- 
frone in Effex, and in other places, 


antaine, participatingas well of 
of fea Plantaine. It hath many 
€r; among which come forth litrle 
thofe of {ea Plantaine. The root is 


Ide Coronopys or fea Plantaine, in 
afon to the contrarie, but that I may as 
s Or Bucks horne, as other Writers haue 
tat be pardonable in them, I truft this may 


q The 


Lis: 2 Of the Hiftorie of Plans. = ~=~=~SC a 


G| The Time, 

They floure and flourith ig May and Tune. 

@ The Names. 

Matthiolus writeth, That the people of Goritia do commonly call thefe 
pentaria and Serpentina ; but vuproperly, for that there be other plants \ 
Serpentinathan thefe two: we may cal them in Englifh wild fea Plantain 
are kindes. 

Moufe.taile is called in Latine Cauda muris,and Cauda murina: in Greeke, pwiew 


furos is called of the French-men Quevede fouris - in Englith, Bloud-f rangeand Moufe-taile. 


@] The Temperature, 
Coronopws is cold and dry much like vnto the Plantaine. Moufe-taile is cold and fomthing dry- 
ing, with a kinde of aftri ion or binding qualitie. 


q theVertues. 
Their faculties in working are referred vnto the Plantaines and Harts-hotne, 


CHap. 1013 


Of Bucke-horne Plantaines , or Harts-borne. 


I Cornu Ceruinum. 2 Coronopus Ruelly. 


Harts-horne. ) Swines Crefles,or Bucks-horne. 
Zon Tn 0 Lorone|ous — sob De i oe HOMME 


i ly Fak Ze 
% uy eM, 


Va. Wi 


es ae SS 


a 


@ The Defcription. 


1 Vecks-horne or Harts-horne hath long narrow hoary leaves, cut on botlithe fides with 
three or fourt fhort ftarts or knags,refembling the branches ofaharts horne,fprea 


it felfe onthe ground like a ftar: from the middle whereof {pring vp fall round nal 


hairy ftalks ; at the top whereof do grow little knops or {pikic torches like thofe of the fmal Plan 
taines. Theroot is flender and threddy. t 

ale ? 

NN 2 


a Beas 7 - a F i - Z 4 . re on 
428 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. bia: 2) 
>  Ruellius Bucks-horne or Swines Crefles hath many {maland weake ftragling branches,trai- 
ling here and there vpon the cround, fet with many {mall cut or 1agged leaves, fomewhat like'the 
former, but fmaller, and nothing at all hairy as is the other. The floures grow among the leaues, 
in {mall rough clufters, ofan herby greenith colour : which being paft, there come in place ‘little 
flat pouches broad and rough, in which the feed is contained. The root is white, threddy, and in 
tafte like the garden Crefles. 
The Place. ; 

They grow in barren plaines, and vntilled places, and {andy grounds ; as in Touthill field necre 
ynto Weltminfter,at Waltham twelue miles from London, and vpon Blacke-heath alfo' necre 
London. 

@ The Time. 

They floure and flourifh when the Plantaines doc, whereof thefe haue beene taken to be 
kindes. 

| The Names. 

Bucks-horne is called in Latine Coraw Cerninum, ot Harts-horne : ditiers name it Herba fella, or 
Stellaria, although there be another herbe fo called : in low- Dutch,Pertshooven s in Spanith, Gui 
abella  inFrench, Corne de Cerf : Itis thought to Dio Corides His xpeseovs, which doth fignifie cornicés 

a is P Sorte : 5 
pedem, a Crowes foot. It iscalled alfo by certaine baftard names, as Harenarea, Sanguinaria wand 
of many, Herbe Iuy,orherbe Eue. 


@ The Temperature. 
Bucks-horne is like in temperature to the common Plantaine, in that it bindeth, cooleth, and 


drieth. 
@ The Vertues. 


The Jleaues of Buckes-horne boyled in drinke, and given morning and euening for certaine 
..dayes together, helpeth moft wonderfully: thofe that have fore eyes, waterie or blafted , and. 
-mott of the griefes that happen vnto the eyes ; experimented by a learned Phyfition of Colche- 

ftercalled Mafter Duke ; and the like by an excellent Apothecarie of the fame Towne called 
M*. Buck/tone. : 

The leaues and'roots ftamped with Bay falt, and tied. to the wrefts of the armes , take away 
fits of the Ague: and it is reported to worke the like effe& being hanged about the necke of the 
Patient in acertaine number, as vato men nine plants,roots and all; and vnto women and chil- 
dren feuen. 


: Cuarv. 102. Of Saracens (onfound, 


q] The Defcription. 


I Aracens Confound hath many long narrow leanes.cut or fleightly {nipt about the ed- 
ges : among which rife vp faire browne hollow ftalkes of the height of foure cubits ; 
along which euen from the bottome to the top itis fet with long and prety large leaues 

like them of the Peach tree: atthe top of the ftalkes grow faire ftarre-like yellow floutes , which 
turne into downe, and are carried away with thewinde. The root is yery fibrous or threddy. 


q The Place. 

Saracens Confound groweth by a wood as ye ride from great Dunmow in Effex, vntoa place 
called Clare in the faid countrey ; from whence I brought fome plants into my garden. 

+ formerly inthe twenty fourth Chapter of this fecond booke told you what plant our Au- 
thor tooke for Saracens Confound, and (as I haue been credibly informed) kept in his garden for 
it. Now the true So/dago here defcribed and figured was found Azo 1632,by my kinde Friends 
M®. George Bowles and M'.William Coot, in Shropfhire in Wales, ina hedge intheway as one goeth 
from Dudfon in the parifh of Cherbery to Guarthlow. ¢ “a 

q The Time. 

It floureth in Iuly, and the feed is ripe in Auguit. 

q The Names: 

Saracens Confound is called in Latine Solidago Saracenica,or Saracens Comfiey , and Confolida 
Saracenica : in Dutch, Heisdinifeh poundterant s of fome,Herba fortis : in Englifh,Saracens Con- 
found, or Saracens VVound-wort. 


' @ The. 


ene a. 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 4.29 


+} Solidago Saracenica, @ The Nature. 
Saracens Confound. 


Saracens Confound is dry in the third 
degree, with fome manifeft heate. 


q The Vertues. 


Saracens Confound is not inferiourto A 
any of the wound-herbes whatfocuer,being 
inwardly miniftred, or outwardly applied 
in ointments or oyles. With it I cured 
Matter Cartwright a Gentleman of Grayes 
Inne,who was grieuoufly wounded into the 
lungs, and that by Gods permifion in fhort 
{pace. 

The Jeaues boyled inwater and drunke, B 
doth reftraine and ftay the wafting of the 
liuer, taketh away the oppilation and {top- 
ping of the fame,and profiteth againft the 
Jaundice and Feuers of long continuance. 

The deco&ion of the leaues made in CG 
water 1s excellent againft the foreneffe of 
the throat, if it be thetewith gargarifed sit 
increafeth alfo the vertue and force of loti- 
On or wafhing waters,appropriate for priuy 
maimes,fore mouthes,and fuch like, if itbe 
mixed therewith, 

t The figure that was formerly in this place was of Confalida paluf}tiz 


of Tabernamontanus ; and the true figure belonging to this hiftorie was in 
thenext chapter faue one, ynder the title of Herbs Vorea Lobeliie 


Crap, 103: © Of Golden Rod. 


G The Defcription, 


I Olden Rod hath long broad leaues fomwhat hoary and fharpe pointed ,among which 
rife vp browne ftalkes two foot high, diuiding themfelues toward the top into fun- 
dry branches , charged or loden with {mall yellow floures ; which when they be 

ripe turne into downe which is carried away with thewinde. The root is threddy and browne of 
colour. ¢ Lobel makes this with vnfhipt leaues tobe that of Arnoldus de villa noua. + : 

2 _ The fecond fort of Golden Rod hath fmall thin leaues broader thanthofe of the firlt deferi- 

bed, fmooth, with fome few cuts ornickes about the edges, and fharpe pointed, ofa hot and harfh 
tafte in the throat being chewed ; which Ieaues are fet vpon a faire reddifh ftalke. Ittooke his 
name from the floures which grow atthe top of a gold yellow colour :w hich floures turne into 
Downe, which is carried away with the winde,as is the former. The root is fmall,compa& of 
many ftrings or threds. 

q The Place, 


They-both grow plentifully in Hamp{tead Wood, néere vnto the gate that leadeth out of the 
wood vnto a Village called Kentith towne, not far from London ; inawood by Ra yleigh inE flex, 
hard bya Gentlemans houfe called M°. Leonard,dwelling vpon Dawes heath ; in Southfleer and it 

. Swainef{combe wood alfo, neere vnto Grauefend. , 
| TheTime, 

They floure and flourith in the end of Auguft. 

G, The Names. 5 

It is called in Englith Golden Rod : in Latine, Wirz aurea, becaufe the branches are like a gol- 
den rod : in Dutch, ®ulden roedes in French, verge @ or. 


r Phe 
Nn 3 @ The 


asain inet aap ae 
4.30 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisi2. 


1 Virgaaurea. 2. Virgaaures Arnoldi V. iManouatt. 
bof 4 Bole Rod. Arnold of the new towne his Golden rod. 
mi PE ANAL . 2 
6 


wh 
yy ay 
SNA 
a 


Va 
ey y \V. 
43 by] x 
2 S$ Mfc Mae 
W Leal Wp 
; i) ioe 


) 
Hi 


I 
AR 
The Temperature. 


Golden Rod is hot and dry inthe fecond degree : it clenfeth, with acertaine aftgiction or bin- 
ding qualitie, 

@ The Vertues. 

Golden Rod prouoketh vrine, wafteth away the {tones inthe kidnies,and expelleth them , and 
withall bringeth downe toughand raw flegmatick humors {ticking in the vrine veffels which now 
and then do hinder the comming away of the ftones, and caufeth the grauell or fand which is brit- 
tle to be gathered together into one ftone. And therefore ArnoldusVillanouanus by good reafon 
hath commended it againft the ftone and paine of the kidnies. 

It is of the number of thofe plants that ferue for wound-drinks, and is reported thatit can fully 
performeall thofe things that Saracens Confound can; and in my praétife fhall be placed in the 
formoft ranke. 

Arnoldus writeth, That the diftilled water drunke with wine for fome few dayes together, wor, 
keth the fame effect, that is, for the ftone and grauell in the kidnies. 

It is extolled aboue all other herbes for the {topping of bloud in fanguinolent vicers and. blee- 
ding wounds ; and hathin times paft beene had in greater eftimation and regard than in thefe 
dayes : for inmy remembrance I haue knowne the dry herbe which came from beyond the fea fold. 
in Backlers Buty in London for halfe a crowne an ounce. But fince it was found in Hampftead 
wood, cuen as it were at our townes end,no man will give halfe a crowne for an hundred weight of 
it :which plainly fetteth forth our inconftancie and {udden mutabilitie, eeeming no longer of 
any thing, how pretious foeuer itbe, thanwhileft it is ftrange and rare, This verifieth our Eng- 
lith prouerbe,Far fetcht and deare bought is beft for Ladies. Yet it may be more truely faid of 
phantafticall Phyfitions, whowhen they haue found an approued medicine and perfec remedie 
neere home againft any difeafe ; yet not content therewith, they wil fecke fora new farther offand 
by that meanes many times hurt more than they helpe. Thus much Ihaue fpoken to bring thefe 
new fangled fellowes backeagaine toefteeme better of this admirable plant than they haue done, 
which no doubt hath the fame vertue now that then ithad, although it growes foneere our owne 
homes in neuer fo great quantitie. 

CaP. 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. a 431 


Cia v.103. Of (aptaine eAndreas Dorias bis Wouhd-wiort, 


t Herba Doria L’obely. q The Defcription. 
Dorias Woundwoorts 


mphis plant hath long ahd large 
thicke and fat leaues, {harp poin- 
ted, of a blewith greene like vnto 
Woad, which being broken with the 
hands hath a prettie {picie {mell. A= 
mong thefe leaues rifethyp a ftalk of 
the height ofa tal man,diuided at the 
top into many other branches,where- 
upon grow {mall yellowith floures, 
which turneth into downe that flicth 
away with the wind. The root is thick 
almoft like Helleborus albus. 

Of which kinde there is another 
like the former,but that the leayes are 
rougher, fomewhat bluntly indented 
at the edges , and nor fo fat and 
groffe. 

£. Herba Doria altera; 

This herbe growes vp with agreen 
round brittle ftalke,very much cham- 
phered,finewed; or finrowed , about 
foure or five foot high, Fullof white 
pith like that of Elder, and fendeth 
forth {mall branches : the leaues grow 
on the ftalk outof order,& are fmaoth, 
tas fharpe pointed, in fhape like thofe of 
SRN, Herba Doria, but much fhorter & nar- 

tower, the broadeft and longeft fel- 
dome being aboue ten or eleuen inches fong,and fcarce two inches broad,and are more finely and 
{mally nickt or indented about the edges; their fmell being nothihg pleafant,but rather when to. 
gether with the ftalke they are broken and rubbed yeeld forth a fell having a fmall touch of the 
{mell of Hemlocke, Outofthe bofomes of thefe leaues {pring other fmaller leaues or branches. 
The floures are many,and grow on {mall branches at the tops of the ftalkes like thofe of Herba Do- 
riasbut mote like thofe of Iacobea,ofa yellow colour,as well the middle button,as the {mall Jeaues 
that ftand tound abour, euery floure hauing commonly eight of thofe fmall leaues. Which 
beeing paft the button turnerh into downe and containeth very {mall long feedes which flie 
away with the winde. The root is nothing elfe but an infinite of {mall ftrings which moft hurtful 
fy {pread in the ground, and by their infinite increafing deftroyeth and ftarueth other herbes that 
grow neere it. Its naturall place of growing I know not; for Thad it from M", IohnCoys, and yet 
keep it grow ing in my garden. ohn Goodyer. + 

| The Place. 

Thefe plants grow naturally about the borders or brinkes of riuers neere to Narbone fh France, 
ftom whence they werebroiight into England,and are contented tobe made denizons in my gar= 
den, where they flourith to the height aforefaid. 

| The Time. 
Theyflotied in my garden about the twelfth of lune. 
The Nature. 

The roots are fweet in fmell, and hot in the third degree. 

@ TheVerties. 5 me 

Twodrams of the roots of Herba Doria boiled in wine and giuen todrinke, draweth downe wa. 4 
 terifh humors,and proyoketh vrine. ye i E 

Thé fame iswith good fuccefle vfed in medicines that expell poifon. 


+ Alt 


8 


42 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lad! 


+ All thefe Plants mentioned in the three laft Chapters,to wit,Solidago,V irga aurea and this Her- 
ba Dorea, are by Banhine fitly comprehended vnder the title of Virga aurea; becaufe they are much 
alike in fhape,and for that they are all of the fame facultic in medicine. + 


$ The figure chat was here was of Solidago Savacenicae 


Cua r.105. Of Fehvoort, or Baldmoney. 


q The Kindes. 


Here be diuers forts of Gentians or Felwoorts,whereof fome be of our owne countrey; others 
more ftrange and brought furtheroff: andalfo fome not before this time remembred; either 
ofthe antient or later writers, as fhall be fet forth in this prefent chapter. 


q The Defeription. 


He firft kinde of Felwoort hath great large leaues,not vnlike to thofe of Plantaine,ve- 

ry well refembling the leaues of the white Hellebore : among which rifeth vp a round 
hollow ftalke as thicke as a mans thumbe, full of ioints or tknees,with twoleaues ateach of them, 
and towards the top euery ioint or knot is fer round about with fmall yellow ftarre-like floures, 
likea coronet or garland : at the bottome of the plant next the ground the leaues do {pread them- 
felues abroad , embracing or clipping the ftalke in that place round about, fet together by cou- 
ples one oppofite againftanother. The feede is {mall, browne, flat, and fmooth like the feeds of 
the Stocke Gillo-floure. The roote is a finger thicke, The whole Plant is of a bitter tate, 


'g Gentiana maior. + 2 Gentiana maior purpured,t.Clufij. 


Great Felwoort. ’ Great Purple Felwoort. 


Liaz.2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 433 
3 Gentiata maior tf. ceruleo flore Clufij. 4. Gentiana minor Cruciata, 
~ Blew floured Felwoort. Croffewoort Gentian. 


5 Gentiana Pennei minor: 
Spotted Gentian of D". Pennie, 


¢ 2 Thisdefcribed by Clufivs, hath 
leaues and: ftalkes like the precedent; 
thefe ftalkes are fome cubite and halfe or 
twocubits high, and towards the toppes 
they are ingirt with two or three coronets 
of faire purple floures, which are not ftax~ 
fafhioned,like thofe of the former , bur 
long and hollow, diuided as it were into 
fome fiue or fix parts or leaues, which to- 
wards the bottome onthe infide are fpor- 
ted with deepe purple fpots : thefe floures 
are without fmell, & haue fo many chiues 
as they haue iagges,and thefe chiues com- 
paffethe head, which is parted into two 
cells,and containes ftore of a fmooth,chaf- 
fie,teddith feed. The root is large,yellow 
on the outfide,and white within, very bit- 
ter,& it fends forth euery yere new fhoots. 
It growes indiuers places of the Alps:; it 
floures in Auguft,and the feeds are ripe in 
September, + 

3. Carolus Clufius alfo fetteth forth a- 
nother fort ofa great Gentian,rifing forth 
of the ground witha ftiffe, firme or folide 
ftalke, fet with leaues like vnto A/élepias, 
by couples one oppofite againft another, 
cuen from the bottome to the top in cer- 
taine diftances : fromthe bofomie of the 


1 a ray 
seaues 


4.34. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Laz.2. 


leaues there fhoot forth fet vpon flender foot-ftalkes certaine long hollow floures like bels 5 the 
mouth whereofendeth in fiue fharpe corners. The whole floure changeth many times his colour 


according to the foile and climate; now and then purple or blewsfometimes w hitifh, and oftenof 


anafhe colour. The root and feed is like the precedent ; 

4 Croffe-woort Gentian hath many ribbed Jeaues {pred.ypon the ground, like vnto the leaues 
of Sopewoort,but of a blacker greene colour: amongavhich rife vp weake iointed ftalkes trailing 
ot leaning toward the ground. The flourcs grow at the topip bundles thicke thruft together, like 
thofe of fweet Williams,ofa light blew colour. The root 1s thick¢é,and creepeth in the ground far 
abroad;whereby it greatly increafeth. Eee : 

5 Carolus Clufivs hath fet forth in his Paynonicke hiflorye a kinde of Gentian, which he recei- 
ued from M'.Thomas Pennie of London,D". in Phificke, of famous memoric,and a fecond Diofcort- 
des for his fingular knowledge in Plants’: which 7'abernamontanus hath fet forth in his Dutch booke 
for the feuenth of Clufius , wherein he greatly deceiued himfelfe,and hath with a falfe defeription 
wronged others. i 

This twelfth fort or kinde of Gentian after C/i/iws, hath around ftiffe ftalke,firme and folide, 
fomewhat reddith at the bottome, iointed or knecd like vnto Croffewoort Gentian. The leaves 
are broad,f{mooth, full of ribbes or finewes, fet about the ftalkes by couples, one oppofite againft 
another. The floures grow vpon fmall tender ftalkes,compaé of fiue flender blewith leauc s, fpot- 
ted very ‘curioufly with many blacke {pots and little Jines ; bauing in the middle fiue yellow 
chiues. The feedis {mall like fand : the root is little,garnifhed with a few ftrings of a yellowith 
colour, 


@ The Place. 

Gentian groweth in (hadowie woods,and the mountains of Italie,Sclauonia, Germany,France, 
and Burgundice ; from whence M'. I/aac de Laune a learned Phifition fent me plants for the increafe 
of my garden. Croffewoort Gentian groweth ina pafture at the Weft end of little Rayne in Effex 
onthe North fide of the way leading from Braintree to Much-Dunmow’ and inthe horfe way by 
the fame clofe. 

G The Time. 
They floure and flourifh in Auguft,and the feed is ripe in September. 
i q The Names. 

Gentius King of Illyriawas the firft finder of this herbe, and the firft that vfed it in medicine, 
forwhich caufe it was called Gentian after his ownename: in Greeke ynei:which name alfo the 
Apothecaries retaine vnto this day, and callit Gentiana : itis named in Englifh Felwoort Genti- 
an. Bitterwoort ; Baldmoyne,and Baldmoney. 

y This by moft Writers is called Gentiana, and Gentiana maior Lutea. 
Gefner calleth this Geitiana punicea Clufius, Gentiana mator flore purpured. 
This is Gentiana folys hirundinaria of Gefuer : and Gentiana A filepiadis folio of Clufius. 
This,Cruciatajor Gentiana Cruciataof Tragus, Fuchfius, Dodon.Gefacr and others:it is the Gea- 
tiana minor of Matthiolus. 

5 Clufius calls this Gentiana maior pallida punttis diffiacta, 

3 @ The Temperature. 

The root of Felwoort is hoz,as Dio/eorides faith, clenfing or {couring: diucrs copies hauc, that 

it is likewife binding,and ofa bitter tafte. 


v 


bw rw 


[ The Vertues. 

Tt is excellent good,as Galen faith,when there is need of attenuating,purging, clenfing, and re- 
mouing of obftructions, which qualitie it taketh of his extreme bitterne fle. 

It is reported to be good for thofe that are troubled with crampes and convulfions; for fuch 
as are burft,or haue falne from fome high place : for fuch as haue euill livers and bad ftomacks. It 
is put into Counterpoifons,as into the compofition named Theriaca diate(faron- which Aetius cal- 
Jeth My/terium,a my fterie or hid fecret. : 

This is of farch force and vertue, faith Péimy,that it helpeth cattell which are not onely troubled 
with the cough, butarealfo broken winded. 

The root of Gentian giuen in powder the quantitic of a dramme,with a little pepper and herbe 
Grace mixed therewith,is profitable for them that are bitten or {tung with any manner of veno- 
mous beaft or mad dog ; or for any that hath taken poi fon. 

The decoétion drunke is good againft the ftoppings of the liner,and cruditie of the ftomacke, 
helpeth digeftion, diffolueth and fcattereth congealed bloud,and is good againft allcold difeafes 
of the inward parts. 


Char. 


Lise 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 4s 


2 


EG BeSieg. Of Englifh Felwoort. 


q The Defcription, 


Ollow leafed Felwoort or Englith Gentian hath many long tough roots, difperfed hither 

and thitherwithin the vpper.cruftof theearth, fromwhich im mediatly rifetha fat thicke 

' ftalke,iointed or kneedby certaine diftances,fet at euery knot with one leafe,and fometimes 

moe,keeping no‘certaine number: which leaues doe at the firit inclofe the ftalkes round abour,be- 

ing one whole and entire leafe without any incifure at all,as it were a hollow trunke ; which after 

itis growne to his fulneffe,breaketh in one fide or other,and becommeth a flatribbed leafe,like vn- 

to the great GentianorPlantaine. The floures come forth of the bofome of the vpper leaues, fer 

vpon tender foot ftalkes, in fhape like thofe of the {mall Bindweed,or rather the floures of Sope- 

woort,of awhitith colour,wafht about the brims with a little light carnation. Then followeth the 
feed,which as yet Ihauenot obferued, 


Ke Gentianacontaua, q The Place. 
Hollow Felwoort,. eat RL Fy 
ov... Ve 


Safa OA ALO cla wet node 3} b. 
69 Wy, I found this ftrange kind of Gentian in 

Q\ AN 4 {mall groue of awood called the Spinie, 
Up neere vntoa {mall village in Northamp. 

ton fhire called Lichbarrow ; elfewhere I 


haue not heard of it, 


q The Time. 
~ It {pringeth forth of the ground in A- 
prill,and bringeth forth his floures and 
feed in the end of Auguft, 
The Names, 

Ihaue thought good to giue vnto this 
plant,in Englith,the name Gentian, being 
doubtleffe a kinde therof. The which hath 
not been fet forth, nor remembred by any 
thar haue written of plants vntil this time. 
In Latine we may call it Gentiana concana, 
ofthe hollow Jeaucs. It may be called alfo 
hollow leaued Felwoort. 


The Temperature and Vertues. 
Of the facultiesof this plant as yer J 
(il can fay nothing,referring it vnto the other 
Vl Gentians, vntill time fhall difclofe that 
Vv] Ey tee 
Las ty 7 which yet is fecretand vnknowne. 
yy ESE Y he f 7 ‘ e j . 
QOZAE ea ‘ + Bauhine secciued this plantwith the 
prez SS. Py z : 
PO IDI PFI ES figure thereof from Doétor Lifer one of 
} his Maiefties Phyfitions,and he referres it 
wnto Saponaria , calling it Saponaria concaua Anglica , and ( as farre as I can coniecture ) 
hath a good defcription thereofin his Prodrom. pag.103. Now both by our Authour and Bax- 
Aines Defcription, I gather,that the roote in this Figure is not rightly expreffed , for that it 
fhould bee long, thicke, and creeping, with few fibers adhering thereunto; when as this figure 
expreffeth an annuall wooddy root. But not hauing 4s yet feene the plant, I canaffirme nothing 


of certaintie, + 
G HAP. 


errr eT eit Ae a a ~ ane 
436 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


+ Cuar. 107. Of Baftard Febvoort. 


Z 


«| The Defcription. 


F O™ Authour inthis Chapter fo confounded all, that I knew not well how, handfomely 
to fet all right; for his deferiptions they were {o barren, that little might be gathered 
by them,and the figures agreed with their titles, but the place contradiéts all ; for the firlt figured 
is found in England; and the fecond is not that euer I could learne: alfo the fecond floures in 
the fpring,according to (lufius and all others that haue written thereof, and alfo by our Authoutrs 
owne title,trucly put ouer the figure:yet he faid they both floure and flourifh from Auguft tothe 
end of September . Thefe things confidered, I thought it fitter both for the Readers benefit and 
my owne credit to give you this chapter wholly new with additions,rather than mangled and con- 
fufed,as otherwife of neceffitie it muft haue beene. + : 
+ x Thiselegant Gentianella hath a {mall yellowith creeping root, from which arife many 
greene {mooth thicke hard and fharpe pointed leaues like thofe of the broad leaued Myrtle, yet 
larger,and hauing the veines running alongft the leaues as in Plantaine. Amongft the leaues 
come vp fhort ftalkes, bearing very large floures one vpona ftalke ; and thefe flouresare hollow 
like a Bel-floure,and end in fiue fharpe points with twolittle eares betweene each dinifion, and 
their colour isan exquifite blew. After the floure is paft there followes a fharpe pointed longifh 
veflell, which opening it felfe into two equall parts, fhewes a fmallcrefted darke coloured 


feede. 


+ x Gentianella vernamator. » Gentianella Alpinavernas 
Spring large floured Gentian. Alpes Felwoort of the {pring time, 
, Cy wttamno vIrm©oe—. ~ 


2 This fecond rifes vp with a fingle flender and 
purplith ftalke, fet at certaine {paces with fix or eight 
little ribbed leaues, ftanding by couples one againft a- 
nother. At the top ftands a cup,out whereof comes one 
long floure without fmell, and as it were dinided at the 
top into fiue parts ; and it is of fo elegant a co- 
lour, that it feemes to exceed blewneffe it felfe ; each of 
the foldes or little leaues of the floure hatha whitifh 
line at the fide, and other fiue as itwere pointed leaues 
orappendices fet betweene them sand in the middeftof 
the flourearecertaine pale coloured chiues : a longifh fharpe pointed veffell fucceeds the floure 
which contains a {mal hard round feed.The root is {mall,yellowith and creeping, putting vp here 
and there ftalkes bearing floures, and in other places onely leaues lying orderly {pred vpon the 
ground, 


3 Be- 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 437 


t 
Gentianella fugax minor. 3 Betides thefe two whofe roots laft 
Baftard or Dwarfe Felwoott « Jong and increafe cuery yeare, thereare 
eg j : diuers other Dwarfe or Baftard Genti: 

Curtioma mivoled. — 


ans which are annuall,and wholly perith 
euery yeare aflooneas they haue perfe- 
ted their feed and therefore by Clufices 
they are fitly called Gertiane fugaces. Of 
thefe I haue onely obferued two kindes 
(or rather varieties) in this; Kingdomeé, 
which Iwil here deferibe ynto you. The 
firft of thefe,which is the Icfler,8 whofe 
figurewe here giue you,is a proper plant 
fome two or three inches high, diuided 
immediatly from the root into three or 
foure or more branches, fet at certaine 
{paces with little longith leaues, being 
broadeft at the ferting on, and fo gtOw- 
ing natrower or fharper pointed. The 
tops of thefe ftalkes are beantified with 
long, hollow , and pretty large floures, 
confidering the magnitude of the plant, 
and thefe fioures are of a darke purplifh 
colour, and at their topsdiuided into 
fiue parts. The root is yellowith,{mall, 
andwooddy. The feede which is fmall 
and round is contained in longifh veffels. The ftalkes and Jeaues are commonly ofadarke green, 
or ifh colour: : 
bs ay a as ok like,yet a little larger than the former, fends vp a vaio te round ftalke 
of {ome fpan high ; which at certaine {paces is fet with fuch leaues as the laft defcribed, but lar- 
er: and out of the bofomes of thefe leaues from the bortome to the top of the ftalkecome forth 
Title foot ftalkes,which v{ually carry three flouresa piece ; two fet one againft another, and the 
third vpona ftalke fomewhat higher, and fometimes there comes fortha fingle floure at theroot 
of thefe foot ftalkes. The floures in theit fhape,magnitude and colour,are like thofe of the laft 
mentioned, and alfo the feed and feed veflels. The manner of growing of this is very well prefen- 
ted by the figure of the third Gentian, formerly defcribed in:the Chapter laft faue one afore- 
going, 


@ The Place. : 
t 2. Thefe grow not wilde in England that I know of,but the former is to bee found in 
moft of our choice Gardens. As with M*. Parkinjon , Matter Tradefcant , and Matter 7 ug- 
ing Thefe are found in diuets places, as in the Chalke-dale at Dartfordin Kent,and accor- 
ding to our Authour (for I know he meant thefe) in Waterdowne Hout in Suffex., in the way 
that leadeth from Charlwoods lodge, ynto the houfe of the Lord of Abergauenie, called Eridge 
houfe by abrooke fide there efpecially vpon a Heath by Colbrooke neere London : on the Plain 
of Salisburie, hard by the turning from the Sid Plaine , vnto the right Honourable the Lord of 
Pembrooks houfe at Wilton, and vpon a Chalkie banke in the high way betweene Saint Albons 
and Gorambettie. 
The Time. . 
x 2 Thefetwofloure ia Aprill and May. The othet from Auguft vnto the end of O- 
&tober. 


@ The Names. 


1 This is the Gentiana 4.0f Tragus. The Gentianella Alpina of G cfver. Geatianella campani- 
de floreand Heluetica of Lobel. the Gentianas ot Gemianella maior vernaok C lufius. 
2 Gener called this Calathianaverna: Lobel,Gentianella Alpina: and Clufius,Gentiana 6 and Genti- 
anela minor verna. ; bn 
3 _ Thisis the Calathiana verd of Dale{champius : and the Gentiana fugax 5. ot Gentiana x t.mini- 
ma of Clufius. ) ; on co 
4. Itake this to bee Clufius his Gentiana fugax 4, 01 Gentiana 10, We may call this in Englith, 
Small Autumne Gentian. 
Oo o They 


438 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


| Their Temperature and Vertues. 
Thefe by their tafteand forme fhould be much like to the greater Gentians in their operation 
and working, yet not altogether fo effectual. $ 


Cuar.106. Of (alathian Violet,or eAutumne Bel-floure. 


q The Defcription. 

"A Mong the numaber of the bafe Gentians there is a {mal plant,which is late before it commeth 

vp hauing ftalk s a fpanhigh,and fometimes higher,narrow leaues like vnto Time, fet by cou- 

ples about the ftalkes by certaine diftances : long hollow floures growing at the top of the ftalks, 

likea cup called a Beaker, wide at the top,and narrower toward the bottome, of adeepe blew co- 

lour tending to purple,with certain white threds or chiues in the bottome:the floure at the mouth 

or brim is fiue cornered before it be opened, but when itis opened it appeareth with fiue clifts or 

pleats. The whole plant is ofa bitter tafte, which plainly fheweth it to be a kinde of wilde Genti- 

an. The root is fmall,and perifheth when it hath perfected his feed,and recouercth it felfe by fal- 
ling of the fame. 


Prenmonanthe: | The Place. 
Calathian Violet. 


Cawte ane. Umermonoan the It is found fometimes in Meadowes,oftentimes in 

vntilled places. It groweth vpon Long-field downes in 
Kent,neere vnto a village called Longfield by Grauef- 
end,vpon the chalkie cliffes neere Greene-Hythe and 
Cobham in Kent, and many other places. It likewife 
groweth as you ride from Sugar-loafe hill vnto Bathe, 
inthe Weft countrey. 

+ This plant I neuer found but once,and that was on 
awet Moorifh ground in Lincolnfhire, 2 or 2.miles on 
this fide Cafter,and as I remember, the place is called 
NerletonMoore.Now I fufpeé thatour Authour knew 
ir nor, firft,becaufe he defcribes it with leaues like ynto 
Time, when as this hath long narrow leaues more like 
to Hyffop or Rofemary, Secondly, for that he faith the 
root is final! & perifheth when as it hath perfe@ed the 
feed:whereas this hatha liuing, ftringie and creeping 
root. Befides, this feldome or neuer growes on chaikie 
cliffes,but on wet Moorifh grounds and Heaths:where- 
foreI fufpeé& our Authour tooke the {mall Aurumne 
Gentian(defcribed by me in the fourth place of the laft 
Chapter) for this here treated of. + 

@ The Time. 

The gallant floures hereof be in their brauerie about 

the end of Auguft,and in September. 
@ The Names, 

y x £ This isthought tobe Vola Calathianaof Ruellius , 
yet not that of Pliny ; and thofe that defire to know more ofthis may haue recourfe to the twelfth 
chapter of the firft booke of the 2. Pempt. of Dodon,his Latine Herbal! whence our Authour tooke 
thofe words that were formerly in this place, though he did notwell vnderftand nor expreffe 
them +. Itis called Viola Autumnalis,or Autumne Violet,and feemeth to bee the fame that Fale. 
vius Cordus doth call Pueumonanthewhich he faith is named in the Germane tongue Aungenblus 


aten,or Lung-floure : in Englifh, Autumne Bel-floures,Calathian Violets, and of fome, Harueft- 
bels. 


iS 


| The Temperature. ; 
This wilde Felwoort or Violet is in Temperature hot, fomewhat like in facultie to Gentian, 
whereofitisa kinde, but farweaker in operation. 
The Vertues, 


The latter Phyfitions holdit to be effe@uall againft peftilent difeafes,and the bitings & fling- 
ings of venomous beafts. 
Cua Pe 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 43 9 


e 
Cuar.tog, Of Venus Lovking-glaffe. 
@| The Defcription. 


i 1) Efides the former Bel-floures,there is likewife a certaine other,which is low and little: 
the ftalkes whereofare tender, two fpanslong, diuided into many branches moft com- 
monly lying vpon the ground. The leaues about the ftalks are little,{ tly nicked in 

the edges. The floures are fmmall,ofa bright purple colour tending to blewnes,very beautifull,with 
wide mouths like broad bels, hauing a white chiue or thred inthe middle. The tloures in the day 
timeare wide open,and about the fetting ofthe Sun are fhut vpand clofed faft together, in fiue 
corners, as they are before their firft opening, and as the other Bel-floures are, The roots be verie 
flender,and perifh when they haue perfected their feed. 

* + 2. There is another which froma fmalland wooddy root fendeth vp a ftraight ftalk,fome- 
times but twooy three inches, yet otherwhiles a foot high, whenas it lights into good ground, 
This ftalke is crefted and hollow, hauing little longith leaues crumpled or finuated about the ed- 
ges fet thereon : and out of the bofomes of thofe leaues towards the top of the ftalkeand fome- 
times lower,come little branches bearing littlewinged cods, at the tops of which in the middeft 
of fiue little greene leaues ftand {mall purple floures,of little or no beauty;which being paft the 
cods become much larger, and containe inthem a {mall yellowith feed, and they ftill retaine at 
their tops the fiue longith greene leaues that incompaffed the floute.This plant ts an annuall like 
as the former. £ 


1 Speculum Venerts. £2 Speculum Veneris minus, 
Venus Looking-glaffe, Codded corne violets 


Campa hy Grcolor 


@ The Place. 

It stoweth in ploughed fields among the corne, ina plentifull and fruitful foile.I found it in a 
field among the corne by Greene-hithe,as I went from thence toward Dartford in Kent,and in ma- 
ny other places thereabout,but not elfwhere: from whence I brought of the feeds for my Garden, 
where they come vp of themfelues from yeate to yeare by falling of the feed. 

+  Thatwhiclis kere figured and defcribed in the firft place Ineuer found growing in pos 

Oo2 anc 


44.0 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisi. 
anches of it brought from Leiden by my friend M".Wwilliam Parker. 
haue divers times found growing among the corn in Chelfey field, 
me from other places by M*. George Bowls,8¢ M' Leonard Buckner. + 

Gy] The Tim 

Tt flonreth in June and J uly,and the feed is ripe in the end of Auguft. 

q The Names. 

Itis called Campana Aruenfis and of fome Onobrychss,but vnproperly , of other Cariophyllus {ege- 
tumor corne Gillofloure, or Corne pinke, and Speculum V eneris, or Ladies glafle The Brabanders 
in their tongue call it Urowen Spiegel, 

£  Tabernamontamus hath two figures thereof,the one vnder the name of Vola arnenfis,and the o- 
ther by the title of ola Pestagonia, becaufethe floure hath fiue folds or corners. 2 This of my 
defcription is not mentioned by any Authour; wherefore I am content to follow that name which 
is giuen to the former,and terme it in Laine Speculim Veneris minus : and from the colour of the 
floure and codded feed veflell,to call it in Englith, Codded Corne Violet. 

@| The Temperature and Vertues. 

We haue not found aby thing written either of his vettue or temperature,of the antient or late 

WV riters. 


land, I haue feene only fome 
The other of my defcripti 
and alfo haue had it brough 


Cuar. tio. Of Neefing rootor Neefewoort. 


1 Helleborus albws. 2 Helleborus albus pracox, 
White Hellebor. Timely white Hellebor. 


G] The Defcription. 


L I "He firft kinde of white Hellebor hath-leaues like ynto great Gentian,but much broa? 
der, and not vnlike the leaues of the great Plantaine, folded into pleats like a garment 

pleated to bee laied vp in a cheft; amongft thefe leaues rifeth vp a ftalke a cubite long, fet 
towards 


dA Bek. OF the Hiftory of Plants. ani 


towatds the top full of little ftarte-like floures, of an hetbie green colour tending to whiteneffe. 
which being paft there come {mall huskes containing the feed. The root is great and thicke,with 
many fmall threds hanging thereat. 

2 The fecondkinde is very like the firft,and differeth in that, that this hath blacke reddit 
floures, and commieth to flouring before the other kinde, and feldome in my garden commeth tq 
feeding. 

@ The Place, 

The white Hellebor groweth on the Alps, and fuch like mountains where Gentian doth grow. 
Itwas reported ynto me by the bifhop of Norwich,that white Hellebor groweth ina wood ofhis 
owne neete to his houfe at Norwich. Some fay likewife that it doth grow vpon the Mountaines 
of Wales. I fpeake thisypon report, yet I thinke not, bur that it may betrue. HowbeitI dare 
affure you, thatthey grow in my garden at London, where the firft kinde floureth and feedeth very 
well, 

q The Time. 

The firft foureth in Iune,and the fecond in May. 


q Th: Names, 

Neefewoort is called in Greeke intone avade: in Latine, Veratrum Album,Helleborus albus,and San- 
guis Herculeus. The Germans call it HBeifs niefwwurt ; the Dutchmen, Prielhaogtel: the Italians, 
Elleboro bianco : The Spaniards, Verde gambre blanco : the French, Ellebore blanche : and we of Eng- 
land call it white Hellebor, Niefwoort, Lingwoort,and the root Neefing pouder, 


q The Temperature. 
Theroot of white Hellebor,is hotand drie in the third degree. 


q The Vertues. 

The root of white Helleber procurcth yomite mightily , wherein confifteth his chiefe vettue, . 
and by that means voideth all fuperfluous flime and naughtie humors. It is good againft the fal- 
ling fickneffe,phrenfies, fciatica,dropfies, poifonjand againft all cold difeafes that bee of hard cu- 
ration,and will not yeeld toany gentle medicine. 

This {trong medicine made of white Hellebor, ought not to be gitlen inwardly vito delicate 
bodies without great corretion,but it may more {afely be giuen vnto Country people which feed 
groffely,and haue hard,tough,and ftrong bodies. 

The root of Hellebor cut in {mall pieces, {uch as may aptly and conueniently be conueied into 
the Fiftulaes doth mundifie them, and taketh away the callous matter which hindereth curatien, 
and afterward they may be healed vpwith fome incarnatiue vnguent, fit for the purpofe. + This 
facultie by Diofcorides is atttibuted to the blacke Hellebor,and not tothis. + 

The pouder drawne vp into the nofe caufeth {neefing, and purgeth the braine from groffe and D 
flimie humours. 

The root giuen to drinke in the weight of twopence, taketh away the fits ofagues,killeth Mice B 
and rats being made vp with honie and floure of wheat : P//ay addeth that itis a miedicine againft 
the Loufie etiill. 


Cuar.iun. Of Wildewhite Hellebor: 


@ The Defcription. 


I Elleborine is like ynto white Hellebor,and for that caufe we haue given it the name of 
jf Helledorine. It hath a ftraight ftalke of a foot high, fet from the bottome to the tuft of 
floures,with faire leaues, ribbed and chamfered like thofe of white Helleborbut no- 
thing neere fo large, of adarke grecnecolour. The floures bee orderly placed from the middle to 
the top of the ftalke,hollow within,and white of colour, ftraked here and there with a dath of pur- 
ple,in fhape like the floures of Satyrion. The feed is {mall like duit or motes in the Sun, The root 
is {mall,full ofiuice, and bitter in tafte. 
2 The feeond is like vntothe firft, but altogether greater,and the floures white, without any 
Mixture at all wherein confifteth the difference. F 
3 Thethird kind of He/eborine,being the 6.after C/ufius account,hath leaues like the firlt defcri 
Oo 3 beds 


442 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 2. 


bed, but fmaller and narrower. The ftalkerifeth vp to the height oftwo fpans;at the top whereof 
grow faire fhining purple coloured floures, confiftiug of fix little leaues,within or among which 
lieth hid things like {mall helmets. The plantin proportionis like the othet of this kinde, The 
The rootis {mall,and creepeth in the ground, 


1 Helleborine. 3 Helleborineanguftifolia 6. Clufij. 
Wilde white Hellebore. Narrow leafed wilde sat p 
va ; 0 y- nee de oti od 
3 enapras ad ayo 4A / oh cumstes Seni aig tas | 
|! en urd CEM 


A. SS 
Rsk 3: = NIN 
dst The Place, 

They bee found in dankith and thadowie plates ; the firft was found growing in the woods by 
Digges well paftures,halfe a mile from Welwen in Hartford thire:it groweth in awood fiue miles 
from London, neere vnto a bridge called Lockbridge: by Nottingham neere Robinhoods well, 
where my friend M*.Stemen / redwell a learned Phyfition found the fame: inthewoods by Dun- 
mowe in Effex : by Sourhieet in Kent; in a little groue of Iuniper, and in a wood by Clare in 

Effex. 

i The Time, 
® They floure in May and Iune,and perfe& their feed in Auguit. 
q The Names. 
The likeneffe that it hath with white Hellebor,doth thew it may not vnproperly bee named 
Helleborine,ox wildewhite Hellebor,which ts al fo called of Diofcoridesand Pliny Sumaxsis Ot Epipact ise 


But from whence that name came it is not a; ntzit is alfo named deic. 
q The T. rature. 
They are thought to behot and drie of naturc 
a7 he Vertues 


A The faculties of thefe wilde Hellebors are referred vnto the white Neefewoort, whereof they 
are kindes. 


B It is reported that the decodtion of wilde Mellebor drunken,openeth the ftoppings of the Li- 
> wer, and helpeth any imperfections of the fame. 


Crap 


Lis. 2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 443 


Cuap, 112. Of our Ladies Shppers 


| The Defcription. 


I Vr Ladies Shoo or Slipper hath a thicke knobbed root, with certaine marks or notes 
vpon the fame, fuch as the roots of Solomons Seale haue, but much leffer, creeping 
within the vpper cruft of the earth : from which rifeth vpa ftiffe and hairy ftalke a 
foothigh, fet by certaine {paces with faire broad leaués, ribbed with the like finewes or nerues as 
thofe of the Plantaine. At the top of the ftalke groweth one fingle floure, feldome two,fathioned . 
on the one fide like an egge ; on the other fide it is open,empty, and hollow, and of the forme of a 
{hoo ot flipper, whereof it tooke his name ; ofa yellow colour on the outfide, and of a thining 
deepe yellow on the infide. The middle part is compaffed about with foure leaues ofa bright pur- 
ple colour, often ofa light red or obfeure crimfon, and fometimes yellow as in the middle part, 
which in fhapeiis like aneggc, as aforefaid. 
# 2 This other differs not ftom the former, vnleffe in the colour of the floure ; which in this 
hath the foure long leaues white, and the hollow leafe or flipper ofa purple colour. - + 


t Calceolus Marie. £ 2 Calseolus Maria alter. 
1 ~ « Our Ladies Slipper. “n The other Ladies Slipper, 
Sun pum, Caleestuy CU fo U Pp Cum ( 2tce0 Lich 


@ The Place. 
Ladies Slipper groweth vpon the mountains of Germany, Hungary,and Poland.I hauea plant 
thereof in my garden, which I receiued from M°, Garret Apothecary, my very good friend. 4 
+ Itisalforeported to grow in the Northi patts of this kingdome ; and I {aw itin floure with 
M*. Tradefcant the laft Sommer. + 
q The Time, 
It floureth about the midft of Iune, 

Gf The Names. 
toltis commonly called Calceolus D. Marie,and Marianus : of fome, calceolus Sacerdotis:of fome; 
Alifina, but vnproperly : in Englifh, Our Ladies thoo or flipper ; in the Germane tongue, falter 
Schueth, Papen fcocu sand of fome, Darealoniurn nothums i vid 

: eae q Th 


oe tiem er ie 
444. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz.2. 


@| TheTemperature andVertues, ° 


Touching the faculties of our Ladies Shoowe haue nothing towsite, it being not fufficiently 
knowne to the old Writers, no nor to the new. 


Cuar.113. Of Sope-wort. 
®| The Defcription. 


He ftalkes of Sope-wort ate flipperie, flender, round, ioynted, a cubit high or higher : the 
leaues are broad, fet with veines very like broad leaued Plantaine, but yet leffer , ftanding 
ott of euery ioynt by couples for the moft part, and efpecially thofe that are the neereft the 

roots bowing backwards. The floures inthe top of the ftalkes and about the vppernmoft ioynts are 
many,well {melling, fometimes ofa beautifull red colour likea Rofe; other-while ofa light pur 
ple or white, which grow out of long cups confifting of fiue leaues, in the middle of which are cer- 
taine little threds. The roots are thicke, long, creeping aflope, hauing certaine ftrings hanging 
out of them like to the roots ofblacke Hellebor : and if they haue once taken good and fure 100: 
ting in any ground itis impoffible to deftroy them. 

$ There is kept in fome of our gardens a varietie of this, which differs from it in that the 
floures are double and fomewhat larger : in other refpects it is altogether like the precedent. $ 


I Saponaria. q The Place. 
g Sope-wort,or Brufe-wort. , . 
cove ou A ie UCN eT pen in gardens for the floures fake, 
d MADSTIE to the decking vp of houfes, for the which pur- 


pofe it chiefely ferueth. It groweth wild of it 
felfe neere to riuers and running brookes in 
funny places. 
@| The Time. 
It floureth in Iune and Iuly. 
q The Names. 

It is commonly called Saponaria,of the great 
fcouring, qualitie that the leanes haue: for 
they yeeld out of themfelues a certaine inyce 
when they are bruifed, which f{coureth almoft 
aswellas Sope: although Ruellins defcribe a 
certaine other Sopewort. Of fome it is called 
Alifina,or Damafonium: of others,S aponaria Gen- 
tiana whereof doubtleffe it is akinde :in Eng- 
lith itis called Sopewort,and of fome Bruife- 
wort. 

The Temperature and Vertues. 

Itishot and dry, and not a little fcouring 
withall, hauing novfe in phyficke fet downe 
by any Author of credit. 

+ Although oor Authour and fuchas be- 
fore him hauewritten of Plants were ignorant 
ofthe facultie of this herbe, yet hath the indu- 
ftrie of fome later men found out the vertue 
thereof:and Septalivs reports that it was one 
Zapata a Spanifh Empericke. Since whofe 
time it hath beene written of by Rudrus, lib. 5. 
de morbis occult. cy venenat. cap. 18. And by Cafar Clandinus, de ingreffa ad infirmos , pag. ArT. o 
pag. 417. But principally by Ladouicus Septalius, Animaduer{. med, lib. 7. pum. 214. where treating 
ofdecoétions in vfe azainft the French Poxes, he mentions the fingularetfe@ of this herb againft 
that filthy difeafe. His words arethefe: I muft nor in this place omitthe vfe of another Alexi- 
pharimicall decoction,being very effe@uall and vfefull for the poorer fort ; namely that which is 
made of Sope-wort, an herbe commonand knowne to all. Moreouer, I haue fometimes vied it 


with happy fuccefle in the moft contumacious difeafe : but itis of fomewhat an yngratefull tafte, 
and 


a 2 Bi dh Of the Hiftory of Plants, ; a 45 S 


and therefore it mutt be referued for the poorer fort. The decoGionis thus made: R°S 
rid. M..infundantur pernoctem in Lib.vig. aque mox excoquantur ad colluram Saponaria : 
via cum dimidia aque cum herbaiam cotta excoletur cum exprefione, que referuetur pro potione 
fudores proliciendos (umendo 3 vy. aut viysquod vero fupereft dulcoretur cum paffulis aut fa 
cum cibis » aftate & biliofis waturts addi poterit aut Sonchi, aut Cymbalaria M. j- Valet f 
menjftrua alba abfumenda cum M.(€. Cymbalari«, & addito tamundem Philipendule. Thus much s ep 
ws,who faith that he had vfed 1t /epe acfepius, oftenand often againe. 

Some haue commended it to be very good to be applied to greene wounds,to hind 
tion, and {peedily tohealethem, + 


Cuarsisa. Of ei rfmare or Water-Pepper. 


G The Defcription. 

I Rfmart bringeth forth ftalkes a cubit high, round,fmooth,ioynted or kneed,dividing 
themfelues into fundry branches ; whereon grow Jeaues like thofe of the Peach or of 
the Sallow tree. The floures grow in elufters vpon long ftems, out of the bofome of 

the branches and Jeaties, and likewife vpon the ftalkes them{elues, of awhi colour tending toa 
bright purple : after which commeth forth little feeds fomewhat broad, of are idith yellow , aud 
fometimes blackith, of an hot and biting tafte, as is all the reft of the Plant, and like vnto pepper, 
whereof it tooke his name ; yet hath itno finell at all, 


1 Hydropiper. 2 Perficarianaculofa. 
Arfinarts 


e 


Lay 0 at Je eo 2 . smart, & g 


] 


2 Dead Arfmartis like vato the precedent in ftal 
diffeteth in that, that this plant hath certaine {pots o 
moone, of a darke blackifh colour, The wh 


kes, cluftering floutes, roots and feed, and 
x marks vpon the leaues, in fafhion ofa halfe 
hole plant hath no fharpe or biting tafte, as the other 


hath, but as it were a little foure fmackevpon the tongue. The root is likewife fall of frings of 


oO 
threds, creeping vp and downe‘in the ground . 


$ 3 This 


er8 LWW. 


ti 


44.6 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


3 This inroots, !eaues, and manner of growing is very like the firft deferibed , but leffer 
by much in all thefe parts : the fioures alfo are of awhitifh,and fometimes ofa purplith colour: it 
growes in barren grauclly and wet places. 

4 Ihauethought good to omit.the impertinent defcription of our Author fitted tothis 
plant, and to giue one fomewhat more to the purpofe :the ftalkes of this are {ome two foor high, 
tender, greene, and {ometimes purplith, hollow, fmooth,fucculent and tranfparent,with la rge and. 
eminent ioynts, from whence proceed leaues like thofe of French Mercurie,a little bigger, and 
broader toward their ftalkes, and thereabout alfo cut in with deeper notches : from the bofomes 
ofeach of thefe leaues come forth long ftalkes hanging downewards , and diuided into three or 
foure branches , vponwhich hang floures yellow, and much gaping, with crooked fpurs or heeles, 
and fpotted alfowith red or fanguine {pots : after thefe are paft fucceed the cods, which containe 
the feed, and they are commonly two inches long, flender,knotted,and of a whitith greene co’our, 
crefted with greenith lines ; and as foone as the feed begins to be ripe, they are fo impatient that 
they will by no meanes be touched, but prefently the feed will fly out of them into your face. And 
this is the caufe thar Lobel and others haue called this Plant Noli me tangere. As forthe like reafon 
fome of late haue impofed the fame name vpon the Sum minimum of Alpinus, formerly deferibed 
by me in the feuenth place of the eighteenth chapter of this booke, pag.26 0. $ 


o 
£ 3 Perficaria pufilla repens. 4 Perficaria filiquofa. 
Q Small creeping Arfmart, : Codded Arfmart, 
) oly 9 mane Miri Si Sup stiicas > Mole meiTarre erat 
t 
wy d 


@ The Place andTime. 
They grow very common almoft euery where in moift and waterith plathes, and neere vnto the 
brims of riuers, ditches, and running brookes. They floure from Iune to Augutt. 


+ Thecodded or impatient Arfmart was firft found to grow in this kingdome by the indu- 
{trie of my good friend M*, George Bowles, who found it at thefe places : firft in Shropfhire, on the 


kes c aaaeTTe ; ; 5 c 
bankes of the riuer Kemlet at Marington in the parith of Cherberry, vndera Genrlemans houfe 
called M*, LLoyd; but efpecially at Guerndee i 


forefaid-Riuer, amongft great Alder trees in the highway. + 
j @ The Names. 
a Arfimart is called in Greeke vseyrtaee : of the Latines, Hydropiper, or Piper aquaticum,or Aqua~ 
tule, Oywater Pepper : in high-Dutch, ypaffer Ofeffer in low-Dutch, s@ater aBeper in French, 


Curage, 


n the parith of Cherftocke, halfe amile from the: 


| 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftorie of Planes, 


Curage, ot Culrage : in Spanith, Pimenta aquatica : in Englith, Water-Pep per, Culr 


447 


‘ , LE : “t-Pey age,and Arfe- 
{mart, according to the operation and effe& when itis vfed in the abfterfion of that part, 

2 Dead Arfimart is called Perficaria, or Peach-wort, of the likenefle rhat the icaues have with 
thofe ofthe Peachtree. It hath beene called P/umbazo of the leaden coloured markes which are 
feene vpon it : but Pliny would haue Plumbago not to be fo called ofthe colour, but rather of ieee 

feét,by reafon that it helpeth the infirmitie of the eyes called Plumbui Yet there is another Plum. 
bago which is rather thought to be that of Pliaies defcription,as fhal be thewed in his proper place. 
In Englifh we may call it Peach-wort,and dead Arfmart,becaufe it doth not bite thofe places as 
the other doth. ; 
$3 This isby Zobel {et forth, and called Perficaria pufilla repens : of Tabernamontanns,Per|icaria 
pumila. 
4 Noplant I chinke hath found more varietie ofnames than this: for Tragus calls it Mercuria- 
lis fylueftris altera ; and he alfo calls it Efala Leonicerus calls it Tithymalus fylueftris : Gefner, Camera. 
_ vins, and others, Noli me tangere : Dodonaus, Impatiens herba : Ca{alpinus,Catanance altera : in the H ift. 
Lugd. (where it is {ome three times ouer) it is called befides the names giuen it by others,chryfea: 
Lobel,Thalius,and others call it Perficaria filiquofa: yet none of thefe well pleating Colwmna, he hath 
accurately defcribed and figured it by the name of Bal/amita altera : and fince him Bawhine hath na- 
med it Balfamina lutea : yet both thefe and moft of the other keepe the title of Noli me tangere, t 


| The Temperature. 
Arfmart is hot and dry, yet not fo hot as Pepper, according to Galen. 
Dead Arfmart is of temperature cold, and fomething dry. 


@ ThevVertues. 

The leaues and feed of Arfmart dowafte and confumeall cold fwellings , diflolueand fcatrer A 
congealed bloud that commeth of bruifings or ftripes: ; 

The fame bruifed and bound vpon an impoftume in the ioynts of the fingers (called among the B 
vulgar forta fellon or vncome) for the {pace of an houre, taketh away the paine : but (faith the Au- 
thor) it muft be firft buried vader a {tone before it be applied ; which doth fomewhat difcredit the 
Medicine. 

The leaues rubbed vpon a tyred jades backe, anda good handfull or two laid vnder the faddle, © 
and the fame fet onagaine, wonderfully reftefheth the wearied horfe, and caufeth him to trauell 
mutch the better. 

It is reported that Dead Arfinart is good againft inflammations and hot fwellings, being ap- D 
plied in the beginning : and for greene wounds, if it be ftamped and boyled with oyle Oliue,waxe, 
and Turpentine. 

£ The faculties of the fourth are not yetknowne. Lobel faith ithath avenenate qualitie:and &” 
Tragus faith a vomitorie : yet neither of them feemes to affirme any thing of certaintie, butrather ~ 
by heare-fay. + 


Cuar.i15, Of Bell-Floares. 


@] The Defcription. 
I Ouentry-Bells haue broad leaues rough and hairy, not vnliketo thofe of the Garden 
* Bugloffe,ofa fivart greene colour : among which do rife vp ftiffe hairie ftalks the fe- 
» cond yeare after the fowing of the feed : which ftalkes diutde themfelues into fundry 
branches, whereupon grow many faire and pleafant bell-floures, long, hollow, and cut on the brim 
with flue fleight gathes,ending in fiue corners toward night, when the floure thutteth it felfe vp, 
as do moft of the Bell-floures :in the middle of the floures be three or foure whitifh chiues,as alfo 
much downy haire, fuch as is inthe eares of aDog or fuch like beaft. The whole floute is of a 
blew purple colour : which being paft,there fucceed great {quare or cornered feed-veffels,diuided 
On the infide into diuers cels or chambers , wherein doe lie {catteringly many {mall browne flat 
feeds. The root is long and great like a Parfenep, garnifhed with many threddy ftrings,which pe- 
rifheth when it hath perfected his feed, which is in the fecond yeare after his fowing, and recouc- 
reth it felfeagaine by the falling of the feed. cones 
2 The fecond agreeth with the firft in each refpeét, as well in leaues, ftalkes,or roots, and dif- 
feretlt in that, that this plant bringeth forth milke-white floures, and the other not fo. bert 
; 4] 


——— 


They grow in woods,mountaines, and darke 
vallies, & vnder hedges among the bufhes,cfpe- 
cially about Couentry , where they grow*very 
plentifully abroad in the fields, & are thete cal- 
fed Couentry-bels , and of fome about London 
Canturbury-bels, but vnproperly,for that there 
is another kinde of Bell-Loure growing in Kent 
about Canturbury , which may more fitly be 
called Canturbury-bells , becaufe they ; 
there more plentifuliy than inany other Cor 
try. Thefe pleafant Bel-floures we haue in our 
London gardens efpecially for the beauty of 
their floure,although they be kindes of Rampi- 
ons, and the roots eaten as Rampions are. 

They floure in lune, Iuly, and Auguft ; the 

» feed waxeth ripe inthe meane time; for thefe 
plants bring not forth their Houres all at once ; 
but when one floureth another feedeth, 

] The Names. 

Couentry bels are called in Latine Viola Ma- 
yiana : in Englifh,Mercuries violets, or Couen- 
“ary Rapes;and of {ome,Mariets. It hath bin ta- 
ken tobe Mediam,but ynfitly : of fome it is cal- 
led Rapit {ylueftre: which the Greeks cal ofan eae 

q The Temperature and Vertues. 

The root is cold and femewhat binding, and. 
notvfed in phyficke, but only fora fallet root 
boyled and eaten with oyle,vineger,and pepper. 


Cusr.116. Of Throat-wort, or Canturbury-Bells, 


(a Tracheliummajus. ° 3 Trachel, majus Belg.fine Gyant Throatworte 
~ Blew Canturbury-Bels: Conup 


&) wotyitk LAr 
iw 


Lis. 2. 


q-The Defiription, 


¢ He firft of the: Canterbury bells hath rough and hairy brirtle ftalkes,cre 
certaine fquarenefle, diuiding themfelues into diuers branches, w} 
vety rough fharpe pointed leaues, cut about the edges like the te 

fo like the leaues of nettles, that it is hard to know t 
The floures are hollow, hairy within, and of a perfect blew colour, bell fa thion, not valike to the 
Couentry bells. The root is white, thicke, and long lafting, + There is alfo in fome Gardens 

kepta variety hereof having double floures. + 

2 The white Canterbury bells are {0 like the precedent, that it is not poffible to diftinonith 


them, but by the colour of the floures ; which of this plant is a milke white colour, and of tlie 
other a blew,which fetteth forth the difference, 


fted into a 
iereupon do grow 
eth ofa fawe ; and 
he one ftom the other, but by touching them, 


4 Trachelium minus. 


am 5 Trachelinm maj us petraum, 
Small Canterbury bells, Great Stone Throtewort, 
dsr nolo. 


hk 


+ Our Author much miftaking in this place (as in many other) did againe figure and de. 
fcribe the third and fourth,and ofthem madea fiftand fixt, calling the firt Trachelium Giganteune, 
and the next Viola Calathiana 5 yet the figures were fuchas Bawhine could not coniecture what was 
meant by them,and therefore in his Pinax,be faith, Trachelium Gizantevm, c» Viola Calathiana apud 
Gerardum, quid ? but the deferiptions: were better, wherefore Lhaue omitted the former deferip- 
tion and here giuen you the later, 


+ 

3. Giants Throtewort hath very large leaues of an ouerworne greene colour, hollowed in 
the middle like the Mofcouites {poone, and very rough, flightly indented about the edges. The 
flalke is two cubits high, whereonthofe leaues are fet from the bottome'to the top, from the bo- 
fome ofeach leafe commeth forth one flender footeftalke, whereon doth srow a faire and large 
floure fathioned like a bell, ofa whitith colour tending toputple. The pointed corners of each 
floure turne themfelues backe Itke a {crole, or the Dalmatian cap ; inthe middle whereof com: 
meth forth a fharpe ftile or clapper of a yellow colour, The root is thickeywith certai 
annexed thereto, 


taine {trings 
4 The f{inaller kinde of Throtewort hath ftalkes an 


d leaues very like vato 
Pp 


; 
a 
iF 
4 

, 


A 


4.59 Of the Hiltorie of Plants. L ipe2 


woort, but altogether leffer, and not fo hairy : from the bofome of which leaues fhoot forth very 
beautifull floures bell fafhion, ofa bright purple colour, with a {mall peftle or clapper in the mid 
dle,and in other refpedts is like the precedent. 

+ 5 This fiom awooddy and w rinkled root of a pale purple colotir fends forth many rough 
crefted ftalkes of fome cubit high, which are vnorderly fet with leaues, long, rough, and fhipt 
lightly about their edges, being of a darke colour on the vpper fide,and of a whitifh on their vnder 
part. At the tops of the ftalkes grow the floures,being many,and thicke thruft together, white of 
co'our,and divided into fiue or feuen parts,each floure hauing yellowifh threds,and a pointall 
in their middles. It floures in Auguft,and was firft fet forth and defcribed by Pods in his defcrip- 
tionof Mount Balaus. 

q The Place. 


The fir defcribed and fometimes the fecond growes very plentifully inthe low woods and 
hedge-rowes of Kent, about Canterbury, Sittingborne, Grauefend, Soufhfleet, and Greenehyth 
e{pecially vnder Cobham Parke-pale in the way leading from Southfleet to Rochetter, at Eltham 
about the parke there not farre from Greenwich ; in moft of the paftures about Watford and Bu- 
they, fifteene miles from London. : 

¢ 3 The third was kept by our Author inhis Garden,as it is alfo at this day preferued in the 
garden of M*.Parkinfon : yet inthe yeere 1626 I found it in great plenty growing wilde vpon the 
bankes of the Riuer Oufe in Yorkfhire, as [went from Yorke to vilite Selby the place whereas I 
was borne,being ten miles from thence. + 

The fourth groweth in the medow next vnto Ditton ferrieas you goc to Windfore, vpon the 
chalky hills about Greenehithe in Kent,and in a field by the highway as you go from thence to 
Dartford ; in Henningham parke in Effex , and in Sion medow neere to Brandford, eight miles 
from London. 

The fifth growes on Mount Baldus in Italy. 

q| The Time. 

All the kindes ofbell floures do floure and flourifh from May vntill the beginning of Auguft 
except the laft, which is the plant that hath been taken generally for the Calathian violet, 
which floureth in the later end of September; notwithftanding the Calathian violet or Au- 
tumne violet isofa moft bright and pleafant blew or azure colour, as thofe are of this kinde, al- 
though this plant fometimes changeth his colour fiom blew to whitenefle by fome one accident 
or other. 

a The Names, 


+ 2. Throtewoort is called in Latine Ceruicaria, and Ceruicaria major : in Greeke,rainer : OF 
moft, Vuularia : Of Fuchfius, Campanula : in Dutch, altcrupe + in Englith, Canterburie bells, 
Haskewoorte, Throtewoort, ot /##/a woort, of thevertue it hath againit the paineand {welling 
thereof. 

¢ 3  Thisisthe Trachelium majus Belgarum of Lobell, and the fame (as I before noted) that 
our Author formerly fet forth by the nameof Trachelsum Giganteum, fo that I haue put them, as 
you may fee,together in the title of the plant. 

This is the Trachelium maius of Dodoneus, Lobell,and others : the Ceruicaria minor of Taberna 
montanus,and Vuularia exigua of Tragus : Our Author gaue this alfo another figure and defcription 
by the name of Viola Calathiana,not knowing that itwas the laft faue one which he had defcribed 
by the name of Trachelinm minus. + 


@ The Temperature. 
Thefe plants are cold and-dry,as are mo! of the Bell floures. 
, a Eb 
The Antients for any thing that we know ! -ntioned, and therefore not fet downe 
any thing concerning the vertues of thefe Bell‘. swith ftahding we haue found in the la- 
tet writers,as alfo ofour owneexperience, that they areexecllent good againft the inflammation 
of the throte and nla or almonds, and all manner of cankers and vicerations in the mouth, ifthe 


mouth and throtebe gargarized and wathed with the deco@ion of them:and they are ofall other 
herbes the chiefe and principal! to be put into lotion:,or wafhing waters, to inieG into the priuy 
parts of man or woman being boiled with hony and Allom in water, with fome white wine. 


Car: 


Of the Hiftorie of Plans. —=—=S*S«S 


Lis. 2. 


Cuar.117. Of Peach-bells and Steeple-bells. 
@| The Defcription. 


I He Peach-leaued Bell-floure hath a great number of {mall and long leaues, t ifing ina 
great buth out ofthe ground, like the leaues of the Peach tree: among which rifeth 
vp a ftalke twocubits high :along{t the ftalke grow many floures like bells,fomtime 

white, and for the moft part ofa faire blew colour ; but the bells are nothing fo deepe as they of 
the other kindes , and thefe alfo are more dilated or fpred abroad than any ofthereft. The feed is 
{mall like Rampions,and the root a tuft of laces or {mall ftrings. 
.2 The fecond kinde of Bell-floure hath a great number of faire blewith or Watchet 4 tes, 
like the other laft before mentioned, growing vpon goodly tall ftems twocubits and a halfe high, 
-which are garnifhedfrom the top of the plant vato the ground with leaues like Beets, diforderly 
placed. This whole plant is exceeding full of milke, infomuch as if you do but breake one leafe 
of the plant, many drops ofa milky iuycewill fall v pon the ground. The root is very great,and full 
of milk alfo: likewife the knops wherein the feed thould be are empty and void of feed,fo that the 
whole plant is altogether barren, and muft be increafed with flipping of his root. 


1 Campanula perficifolta, 2 Campanula lactefcens pyramidalis, 
Peach-leaued Bell-floure. Steeple milky Bell-Houre, 


3 The fall Bell-floure hath many round leaues very like thofe of the common field Violet; 
{pred vpon the ground ; among which rife vp {mall flender ftems,diforderly fet with many graffie 
narrow leaues like thofe of lax. The {mall ftem is diuided at the top into fundry little branches, 
whercon do grow pretty blew floures bell-fathion. The root is {mall and threddy, 

4 Theyellow Bell-floure is avery beautifull plant ofan handfull high, bearing at the top of 
his weake and tender ftalkes moft pleafant floures bel-fafhion,ofa faire and bright yellow colour. _ 
The leaues and roots are like the precedent, fauing that the leaues that grow next to the ground 
of this plant are not fo round as the formet,tCertainly our Author in this place meant ro fet forth 
the Campanula lutea linifolia lore volubilis, decribed in the Adwerf. pag.177, and therefore I ha 
uen you the figure thereof, + 


| 
Ha 
: hi 

ih 
t # 
ie 
rat 
i) 


Pp2 5 The 


452 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lizz. 


3, Campannlarotundifolia. 
Round leaned Bell-floure. 


Ca AAR Na On ullow vobimclifefron 


5 Campanula minor alba, fine purpured. 
Little white or purple Bel-floure. 


Campo ou fp ota Cor to 


T 4 Campanula lutea linifolia, 
Yellow Bell-floure. 


5 The little white Bell-floure is a 
kinde of wilde Rampions,as is that which 
followeth,and alfo the laft faue one be- 
fore defcribed. This {mall plant hath a 
flender root of the bigneffe of a fmall 
ftraw,with fome few ftrings anexed there- 
to. The leaues are fomwhat long,{mooth, 
and ofa perfect greene colour, lying flat 
vpon the ground : from thence rife vp 
{mall tender ftalkes, fet heere and there 
with a few leaues. The floures grow at 
the top, of a milke white colour. 

6 The other fmall Bell-floure or 
wilde Rampion differeth not from the 
precedent but onely in colour of the 
floures ; for as the others are white, thefe 
are ofa bright purple colour, which fets 
forth the difference. 

$ 7 Befides thefe here defcribed, 
there is another very {mall and rare Bell- 
floure, which hath notbeene fet forth by, 


any but onely by Bawhine, in his Prado. AMA 


vader the title of Campanula Cymbalaric fo- 
djs, and that fitly ; for ithath thinne and 
fmall cornered Jeaues much after the ma- 
ner of Cymbalaria,and thefe are fet with- 
out order on very fmall weake and tender 
ftalkes fome handfull long; and at the 
tops of the branches grow little {mall and. 
tender Bell-floures ofa blew colour. The 
root, like as the whole plant, is very {mall 
andthreddy. This pretty plant was firft 
difcouered to grow in England by Matter 
George Bowles,Anno 1632. who found- it 
in Montgomerie fhire, on the dry bankes 
inthe high-way as one rideth from Dol- 
geogs a Worfhipfull Gentlemans houfe 
called M°. Francis Herbert, vntoa market 
towne called Mahuntleth, and in all the 
way from thence to the fea fide. Itmay 
becalled in Englifh, The tender Bell- 
floure. £ 


@ The 


Lig. 2 OF the Hittory of Plants, 453 


The Place, 
The two firft grow inour London gardens, and not wilde in England, 
The reft, except that {mall onewith yellow floures, do grow wilde in moft places of England, 
efpecially vpombarten fandy heaths and fuch like grounds; 
qq TheTime. 
Thefe Bell-floures do flourith from May vnto Auguft. 
; @ The Names. 
Their feuerall titles fet forth their names in Englith and Latine,which is as much as hath been 
faid of them. 


q| The Temperature and Vertues, a 
Thefe Bell-floures; {pecially the foute laft meritionedyarecdld and. dry, and of the nature of 
: prerdeees* : 3 ) 
Rampions, whereof they be kindes:. 
¢ The figure inthe fourth place was of Rapiinciilus nemorofus 39 of Taber. whereof you fhall finde mention in the following chaptere 


Cu ar.118. Of Rampions,or wilde Bell floures. 


1 Rapuntinm majus. 2 Rapuntium parvun, 
Great Rampion. 


Smal! Rampio 


n, . 
Camo ann Lec app uur Puy nS =) 


q The Defeription, 


[> He geat Rampion being one of the Bell-floures, hath leaues which appeate or come 
forth at the beginning fomewhat large and broad, fmooth and plaine, not vnlikezo 
the leaues of the fmalleft Beet. Among which rife vp ftemmes one cubit higlr, fet 

with fuch like leaues as thofe areof the fir {pringing vp, but {maller, bearing at the top of the 

ftalke a great thicke buthy eare full of little long floures clofely thruft together ike a, BPA tails 
which {mall floures before their opening are like little crooked hornes,and being wide opens 
they are {mall blew-bells, fomctimes white, ot fometimes purple, The root is white,and as thicke 


asa mans thumbe, The 
Pp 3 6 ae 


454. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisi 2) 


2 The fecond kind being likewife one of the bel-floures,and yet a wild kind of Rampion,hath 
Jeaues at his firft comming vp like vnto the garden Bell-floure. The leaues which {pring vp after. 
ward for the decking vp of the ftalke are fomewhat longer and narrower, The floures grow at the 
top of tender and brittle ftalkes like voto little bells, of a bright blew colour, fometimes white or 
purple, The root is fmall, long,and fomewhat thicke. 

This is awilde Rampion that growes in woods : ithath {mall leaues {pred vpon the ground, 
bluntly indented about the edges :among which rifeth vp a ftraight ftem of the height ofa cubit, 
fet from the bottome to the top with longer and narrower Jeaues than thofe next the ground : at 
the top of the ftalkes grow {mall Bell-floures of a watchet blewifh colour. The rootis thicke and 
tough, with fome few ftrings anexed thereto. 

$. Thereis another varietie of this, whofe figure was formerly by our Author fet forth in the 
fourth place of the laft chapter : itdiffcrs from this laft onely inthat the floures and other parts of 
the plant are leffera little than thofe of the laftdeferibed. + 


Rapunculus nemorofus. $ 4 Rapunculus Alpinus Corwiculatus. 
Wood Rampions. Horned Rampions of the Alpes. 


+ 4 Thiswhich growes amongft the rockes in the higheft Alpes hath a wooddy and verie 
wrinckled root an handfull and halfe long, from which arife many leaues fet on pretty long ftalks, 
fomewhat round, and diuided with reafonable deepe gathes, hauing many veines, and being of a 
darke greene colour :amongft thefe grow vp little ftalkes, hauing one leafe about their middles, 
and three or foure fet about the floure, being narrower and longer than the bottome Jeaues. The 
floures grow as in anvmbell, and are fhaped like that Chymicall veffell we vfually calla Retort, 
being big at their bottomes, and fo becomming fmaller towards their tops,and hauing many 
threds in them,whercof one is longer than the reft, and comes forth in the middle of the floure: it 
floures in Auguft. Ponawasthe firft that deferibed this, vnder the name of Trachelium petraum 
WnNUS » 

< Therootsof this other kindeof horned Rampion grow after an youfual] manner ; for firft 
ot lowermott is a root like to that ofa Rampton, but flenderer, and from the top of that commeth 
forth as it were another root or two, being {malleft about that place whereas they are faftned to 
the vnder root, and all thefe haue {mall fibres comming from them. The leaves which firft grow 
vpare fmooth,and almoft like thofe ofa Rampion,yet rounder,and made fomwhat after the maner 
ofaviolet leafe,but nothing fo big :at the bortome of the ftalk come forth 7 or eight long narrow 

Ieaues 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, ; 


Jeaues {nipt about the edges,and fharpe pointed,and vpon the reft of the falke grow alfo three or | 
foure narrow fharp pointed leaues. The floures which are of a purple colourat frit refemble thofe.' 
of the laft deferibed ; but afterwards parte themfelues into fiue flender firings with threds in the 
middles ; which decaying,they are fucceeded by little cupsending in fiuc little pointels,and con. 
taining a {mall yellow feed. This is defcribed by Fabius Columna, vnder the name of x ipuntivm 
Corniculatum montanum: And receiued feeds and roots hereof from M". Goodyer, who found it 
growing plentifully wilde in the inclofed chalkie hilly grounds by Maple-Durham neere Peterf. 
field in Hamphire. 

6 This whichis deferibed in (lufiws his Cur pofter. by the name of Pyramidalis, and was firft 
found and fent to him by Gregory de Reggio a Capuchine Fricr, is alfo of this kindred; wherefore 
I will giue you a briefe defcription thereof. The root is white, and long lafting, from which come 
diuers round hairie and writhen ftalkes,about a fpan long more or leffe. At the top of thefe ftalks | 
and all among ft the leaues, grow many elegant blew foures,which are fucceeded by feed veffels . 
like thofe of the lefler Trachelium, being full ofa fmall feed. The whole plant yeelds milke like as ' 
the reft of this kinde, and the leaues as well in fhape as hoarineffe on their vnder fides, well refem- 
ble thofe of the fecond French or Golden Lungwoort of my defcription. It was firtt found grow- 
ing inthechinkesof hard rockes about the mouthes of Caues, in the mountaines of Brefcia in 
Italy by the fosefaid Frier. $ 


455 


{ 


#5 Rapunculus Corniculatus montanus, 
Mountaine horned Rampions, 


Payline orb wrlare— 


@ The Place. ‘ 
The firlt is fowne and fet in Gardens,efpecially becaufe the rootes are catenin Sallads. 
The fecond groweth in woodsand fhadowie places, in fat and clayie foiles. 
G The Time, 
They floure in May,Iune,and Iuly, 
q The Names. ) 

Rampions by a general! name are called Rapuntinm and Rapwaculus ; and the firlt by reafon of 
the long {pokie tufte of floures is called Rapuntinm mains Alopecuri comolo flore by Lobel : 
and Pena: Rapunculum fylueftre, and Rapunculus (yluestris {picatus by others, The {econd,which | 


15 


tt > 


456 or Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. hi 


is the ordinary Rampion is called Rapunculws and Rapuntivm minus, Lobell thinkes it the Pes Locufte 
of Auicen, and Columna iudges it tobe Erinus of Nicander and Diofcorides. The third is the Rapun- 
culus nemor ofus fecundus Of Tabernamont anus , & the varietie of it is Rapune nemor.tertins.T hé names 
ofthe reft are fhewen in their deferiptions. £ 
@| The Temperature. 
The roots Of thefe are of a cold temperature, and fomething binding, 
: @| The Vertues, 

The roots are efpecially vfed in fallads, being boiled and eaten with oile,vineger, and pepper. 

Some affirme,that the decoétion of the roots are’good for all inflammations of the mouth, and 
Almonds of the throte,and other difeafes happening mn the mouth and throte,as the other Throte- 
woorts, 


Cuar.iig. Of Wall-floures,or yellow Stocke-Gillo-floures. 


a] The Kindes, 


a ee plants which wee terme commonly in Englifh, Wal-floures and Stocke Gillo- 
floures are comprehended vnder one generall name of Lencoion, (1) Violaalba, White Vi- 
olet, wx fignifying white,and%» a Violet; which as fome would haue it is not from the whiteneffe 
of the Aoure,for that the moft and moft viuall of them are of other colours ,but trom the whitenes 
ot hoarineffe of the leaues,which is properrather tothe Stocke Gilloucrs than to the wal- floures, 
I therefore thinke it fit to diftinguith them into Lencoia folys viridibus, that is VVal-floures ; and 
Leucoia foliis incanu3S tocke Gillouers. Now thefe againe are diftinguifhed into feuerall fpecies,as 
you may finde by the following Chapters. Morcouer you muft remember there is another Viola al- 
ba or Leucoion (which is thought to be that of Theophraftus and whereofwe haue treated in the firft 
booke)which is far different from this,and for diftinétion fake called Leucoinm bulbofum. + 


1 Viola Lutea. 2 Violalutea multiplex. 


VVal-floure; Double VVal-floure, 


Lie. 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 
+ 4 Lencoiuim fylueftre. ahaha tae 
Wilde wall floure, G The Defcription; 


I He ftalks of the Wall floure are fal} 
of greene branches , the leaues are 
long, narrow, {mooth, flippery, of a blackifh 
greene colour, and leffer than the leaués of 
ftocke Gillofloures. The floures are fmall,yel- 
low,very fweete of fmell,and made of foure lit- 
tle leaues;which being patt,there fucceed Jong 
flender cods,in whichis contained flat reddith 
feed. The whole plant is fhrubby,of a wooddie 
fubftance, and can eafily endure the colde of 
winter. 

2 The double Wall floure hath long leaues 

gteene aud fmooth,fet vpon ftiffe branches,ofa 
wooddie fubftance : whereupon do grow moft 
pleafant fweet yellow flours very doubleayhich 
plant is fo well knowne to all, that itthall be 
needleffe to {pend much time about the de- 
{cription, 
_. 3 Of this double kinde we haue another 
fort that bringeth his floures open al] at once, 
whereas the other doth floure by degrees, by 
meanes whereof it is long in flouring. 

Bo 4 VEDIS plant which was formerly {eas 
ted in the fourth place of the following chap- 
ter, I haue brought to enjoy the fame place “in 
this, forthat by reafon of the gteenefle of his 
Jeaues and other things he comes neareft to 
thefe here defcribed,alfo I wil deferibe it anew, 
becaufe the former was almoft wholly falfe: Ir 
hath many greene Jeaues at the top of the root like to thefé of the wall floure, but natrower,and 
bitter of tafte,among which rife vp one or more ftalks of a foot ormore in height,crefted and fer 
with carinated leaues. The floures grow at the tops of the ftalkes many together, confifting of 
foure yellow leaues a piece,leffer than thofe of the ordinary wall floures ; there floures are fuccee- 
ded by long cods containing a flat feed, The root is long and whitifh,with many fibres. 

5 Befides thefe,there is 1n fome gardens kept another wall-floure differing from the firftin the 
bigneffe of the whole plant, but efpecially of the floure,which is yellow and fingle, yet very large 
and beautifull. 

6 Alfothete is another with very greene Icaues,and pure white and well {melling floures. + 

@ The Place, 

The firfegroweth vpon bricke and ftone walls, inthe corners of churches euety where, as alfo 
among rubbifh and fuch other ftony places. 

, The double Wall-floure groweth in moft gardens of England. 
The Time, 

They floure for the moft part all the yeere long, but efpecially inwinter,whereupon the people 
in Chefhire do call them Wiinter-Gillofloures. 

q The Names. , 

The Wallfloure is calledin Grecke mixsio: in Latine, Viola lutea, and Leucoinm luteum : in the 
Arabicke tongue, Keyri - in Spanith,Violettas Amarillas:in Dutch, @iolieren $ in French, Girofflees 
saulnesViglieres des murailles : in Englith, Wall-Gillofloure, Wall-floure, yellow ftocke Gillo- 
floure,and Winter-Gillofloure. 


q The Temperature. : 

All the whole fhrub of Wall-Gillofloures,as Galen faith, is of aclenfing faculty, and of thinne 
parts. 

G The Vertues. 

Diofcorides writeth that the yellow, Wall-floure is moft vfed in phyficke,and more than the reft 
of ftocke-Gillofloures,whereof this is holden to bea kinde :which hath mooued me to preferte i 
vnto the firft place. He faith, that the juice mixed with fome vnétious or oilie thing,and boiled 
to the forme of a lyniment, helpeth the chops or rifts of the fundament. 


The 


Me 


458 Of the Hittorie of Plants. Lis2. 


. 
Cc 
D 
E 


F 


The herbe boiled with white wine,honie,and a little allom, doth cure hot vicersjand cankers of 
the mouth. c 

The leaues ftamped with a little bay falt, and bound about the wrifts of the hands,taketh away 
the fhaking fits of the Ague. ; 

+ Adecoction of the foures together with the leaves, is vfed with good fucceffe to mollifie 
Schirrous tumors. 

The oile alfo made with thefe is good to be vfed to anoint a Paralyticke, as alfoa goutie part 
to mitigate paine. y 

Alfo a ftrong decoction of the floures drunke, moueth the Courfes, and expelleth the dead 
childe. + 


Cuar. 120 Of Stocke Gillofloures. 


’ ‘- . 0 . +, soe 
1 Leucoinm albwm,fine puxpurcuns,fine violaceim, £2 Lencoinm flore multiplicz. 
White,purple, or Violet coloured Stocke Gillofloure. Double Stocke Gillofloure; 


| The Defiription, 


I He ftalke of the great ftocke Gillofloute is two foot high or higher,round,and parted 

into diuers branches. The leaues are long,white,foft, and hauing vpon them as it were 

adowne like vnto the leaues of willowe, but fofter: the floures confift of foure little leaties grow- 

ing all along the vpper part of the branches, of a white colour,exceeding fweet of fmell:in their 

places come vp long and narrow cods,in which is contained broad, flat, and round feed. The root 
is of awooddy fubflance,as is the ftalke alfo. 

The purple ftocke Gillofloure is like the precedent in each refpea, fauing that the floures of 
this plant are of a pleafant purple colour,and the others white,which fetreth forth the difference: 
of which kinde we haue fome that beare double floures,which are of diuers colours,greatly eftee- 
med for the beautie of their floures,and pleafant fiveet {mell, 


This 


Lips 2. Of the ‘Hlifosie of Plants. py 435 


poe eh ee —— See 


3 Lencoium (pinofim Creticum. : This kinde 6f Stocke Gilfofouré 
Thornie Stocke Gillouets. that beareth floures of the colotrof a 
; Violet, that is to fay ofablew tending 
toa purple colour, which fetteth forth 
the difference betwixt this plant & the 
other ftocke Gillofloures, in every other 
tefpe& is like the precedent. 
_ 2 £ There were formerly 3 figures 
of the fingle Stocks,which differ in no- 
OF thing but the colour of their fioures, 
wherefore we haue made them content 
with one,& haue giuen (which was for- 
merly wanting)a figure of the double 
Stock,of which there are many and pret- 
tie varicties“kept in the garden of my 
kine friend M'. Ralph Tageye at VVett- 
minfter, and fet forth inthe bookeé of 
fuch as purpofely treat of Aldures and 
their varieties. + 
+ 3 To thefeI thinke it noramiffe to 
adde that plant-which Clufivs hath fet 
forth’ vnder the name of Leucoium (pino- 
fim Creticum. It growes fome foot or 
more high, bringing forth ovany ftalkes 
which are ofa grayith colour,and armed 
atthe top with many and ftrong thorny 
prickles: the leaues which adorne thefe. 
ftalkes are like thofe of the ftocke Gil- 
louer, yet leffe and fomewhat hoary; the 
; . _floures are like thofeof Mulleine,of a 
whitifh yellow colour, with fome purple threds in their middles , the cods which fucceede,the 
floures are fmall and reund containing a little feed in them. They vle,faith Honorius Bellus.to heat 
ovens therewith in Candy,where it plentifully growes ; and by reafon of the fimilitude which the 
prickles hereof haue with stebe and the white colour,they cal it Gala Stivida,ox Galaftividajand not 
becaufeit yeelds milke, which Gala fignifies. 


| The Place, a : 
1. 2, Thefekindes of Stocke Gillofloures do grow inmoft Gardens throughout England, 
a The Time, . 
They floure in the beginning of the Spring,and continue flouring all the Sommer long. 
a @| The Names, 

The Stocke Gilloflouye fsicalled in Grecke swxcin-in Latine, Viola alba: in Italian,Véola bianca = 
in Spanith,violettas blanduas : in Englith,Stocke Gillofloure, Garnfey Violet, and Caftle Gillo- 
floure. 5 : 

BY j @| The Temperature and Vertues 1 

They ate referred vnto the VVal-floure,although invertue much inferiour; yetate they not yfed Al 
in Phyficke,except amongft certaine Empericks and Quackfaluers,about loue and luft matters, 
which for modeftie I omit. . 

Toachinens Cavierarins reportéth;that a conferue made of the floures of Stocke Gillofloure,and & 
often giuen with the diftilled water theréof,preferueth from the Apoplexy,and helpeth the palfic, 


Crap, w1, . Of Sea Stocke Gillo ores. 
q The Kindes, 


O! Stocke Gillofloures thar, grow neere vnto the Sea there bee diuers and fundrie forts,, 


"differing as well in leaues as flourés ; which fhall be¢ comprehended in this Chapter next 
following. rar 


a Lege 


460 Of the Hiftorieof Plants. Tignes. a 


I Lencoinm marinum flore candido L’obely i 2 Leucoium marinum purpureum Lobel. - 
White Sea Stocke Gillofloures, Purple fea Stocke Gillofloures. 
oaths SW 
A 


«| The Defcription. 


i ae Seaftocke Gillofloure 
hath a {mall wooddy root very 
threddie; from which rifeth vp an hoarie 
white ftalke of two foot high,diuided in- 
to diners {mall branches,whereon are pla- 
ced confufedly many narrow leaues of a 
foft hoariefubftance. The floures grow at 
the top of the branches, of a whitith co- 
lour, made of foure little leaues; which 


EX 


Fol aen pa being paft, there follow long coddes and 
 Leucoium marinans latifolivm.’ a feed, likevnto the garden ftocke Gillo- 
Broad leafed fea ftocke Gillofloure. floure, 


£ 2 Thepurple ftocke Gilloflonre 
hatha very long tough root, thrufting it 
felfe deepe into the ground , fiom which 
rife vp thicke,fat,foft,and hoarie ftalkes. 
The leaues come forth of the ftalkes next 
the ground, long, foft,thicke,fullof iuice, 
couered ouer with a certaine downie hoa- 
rinefle, and finuated’ fomewhat deepe on 
both fides, after the manner youmay fee 
expreft in the figure of the fourth deferi- 
bed in this Craptcr. The ftalke is fet 
here and there with the like leanes, but 
leffer.. The floures grow at the top of the 
ftalkes,compa& of foure fmallfeaues, of 
alight purple colour. The {cede is con- 
tained in long crooked cods like the gar- 
den ftocke Gilloflotte. 

+ The figure of Zobels which here wegiue 
you was taken of a dried plant, and there- 
fore theleauesare not expreft fo firuate 
as they fhould be. ¢ ° 

3 This fea ftock Gillcfloure hath many 
broad leaues {pred vpon the ground, fom- 
what fnipt or cut onthe edges ; amongft 
which rifevp {mall naked flalkes,bearing 
at the top many little floures of a blav 
colour tending toa purple. The fecde is 
in long cods like the others of his oi 

Avaliice 


Laws Of the Hittory of Plants. 461 
4 The great Sea tock Gillofloure hath many broad leaues,growing ina great tuft-{l Sat ly in 
dented about the edges. The floures grow at the top of the ftalkes, of a gold yellow caltca a he 
root is {mall and fing le. : 
5 The fmall yellow Sea ftocke Gillofloure hath many fmooth,hoary,and foft leaues, fer vpon 
a branched ftalke:on the top whereof grow pretty fweet fmelling yellow floures,bringing his feed 
in little long cods. The root is fmall and threddy. The Floures of this are fometimes of a ted. or 
purplifh colour, + i 


4 Leucoium marinum lutenm maius Clufij & L obely., 5, Leucoinin marinum minus L’obelij 


O Chup: 


The yellow Sea ftocke Gillofloure. Small yellow Sea ftocke GilloHoure: 


The Place. 

Thefe plants do grow neere vnto the fea fide,about Colchefter, in thé Ifle of Man,neere Prefton 
in Aunderneffe,and about Weftchefter. - ; 

$ I haue nothard of any of thefe wilde on our coafts but onely the fecond, which it may bee 
growes in thefe places here fet downe ; for itwas gathered by M’. George Bowles vpon the Rocks at 
Aberdovye in Merioneth fhire. + 

mae , G The Time, 
They flourith from Aprill tothe end of Auguft. 
| The Names. i, 

There is little to bee faid as touching the names,more than hath been touched in their feueral] 

titles. 


: _@ The Temperature and Vertues. 
There is ao vfe ofthefein Phyficke,but they are efteemed for the beauty of their floures. 


Cisav. 122. Of Dames Violets,or Queenes Gillofloures. 


@ The Defcription. 


oe DEAzs Violets or Queenes Gillofloures, haue great large leaues of a darke greene ao- 


lour,fomewhat {hipt about the edges : among which {pring vp ftalkes of the height of 
Q> wwe 


462 Of the Bnektnle”- Bids 


two cubits,fetwith fuch like leaues : the floures come forth at the tops of the branches, ofa faire 
purplecolour, verie like thofe of the flocke Gillofloures, ofa very {weet {mell, after which come 
vp long cods,wherein is contained {mall long blackifh feed. The root is flender and threddie, 
The Queenes white Gillofloures are like the laft before remembred,fauingthat this plant 
bringeth forth faire white floures,and the other purple. 
+ 2 By the induftrie of fome of our Florifts, within this two or three yeares hath becne 
brought to our knowledge a very beautifull kinde of thefe Dame Violets,hauing very faire dou- 
blewdite floures,the leaues, {talks and roots,are like to the orher plants before defcribed.£ ‘ 


1 Viola Matronalis flore purpureo, five albo, £ 3 Viola matronalis flore obfoleto, 
Purple ,or white Dames Violets, Ruffet Dames Violets. 


+ 3 Thisplanthath a ftalkea cubit high,and is diuided into many branches, vpon which in 
aconfufed order grow leaues like thofe of the Dame Violet. yet 2 little broader and thicker,being 
firft of fomewhat an acide, and afterwards of an acride tafte ; at the tops of the branches.in Jong 
cups grow floures like thofe of the Dames violet, confifting of foure leaues,which ftand nor faire 
open,but are twined afide,and are ofa ouerworn ru ffet colour,compofed as it were ofa yellow and 
browne with a number of blacke purple veines diuaricated ouer them. Their fmetf on the day 
time is little or none, but in the euening very pleafing and fweet. The floures are fucceeded by 
fong,and here and there fivolne cods which are almost quadrangular and containe a teddith feed, 
like that of the common kinde. The root is fibrous,and vfually lines not aboue two yeares,for a& 
ter it hath borne feed it dies; yet ifyou cut it downe and keepe it from feeding,it fometimes puts 
forth fhouts whereby it may bee increafed.'I very much fufpeé that this figure and defcription 
which I here giue you taken out of C/ufiws,is no other plant than that whichis kept in fome of our 
gardens, and fet foorth in the Hortus Ey/tettenfis by thename of Leucoinms cMelancholicum : now I 
iudge the occafion of this error to haue come from the figure of Clufivs which we here prefent you 
with, for it is in many particulars different from the defeription: firft in that it exprefles notma- 
ny branches:{econdly, in that the leaues are not fhipt & diuided:thirdly,in that the Floures are not 
expreft wrefted or twined:fourthly,the veins are not rightly expreft in the floure; & laftly,the cods 
are omitted. Now the Lewcoinm melancholicum hatha hairy ftalke divided into fundry branches of 
the height formerly mentioned,and the leanes about the middle of the ftalke are fomewhat finu- 
ated or deepely or vnequally cut im ; the fhape and colour of the floure is the fame with that 4 

: defcribed , 


“Tne Ofthe Hiftory of Plants. : 46; 


£4 Leucoium melancholicum, defcribed, and the feed veffels the fame, as 
The Melancholly floure. far as Iremember : for I muft confefle, I 
did not in writing take any particular note 
of them though I haue diuers times feene 
them , neither did I euer compare them 
with this defetiption of Clufius ; onely I 
tooke fome yeares agone an exa& figure 
ofa branch with the vpper Ieaues and 
floures,whereof one is expreft as they vfu- 
ally grow twining backe,and the reft faire 
open, the better to fet forth the veines thar 
are {pred ouerit. There arealfo expretta 
cod or feede veffell,and one of the leates 
that grow about the middle of the ftalke ; 
allwhich are agreeable to Clefius defcrip- 
tion in mine opinion ; wherefore I onely 
giue you the figure that I then drew,with 
he titlethat Thad itby, ¢ 


@ The Place. 


They are fown in gardens for the bean- 
ty of their floures. 


G The Time, 


They efpecially floure in Maie and 
Tune, the fecond yeare after they are 
fowne. 


'@ The Names, 


Dames Violet is ealled in Latine Viola matronalis, and Viola Hyemalis,or Winter Violets, and 
Viola Damafcena : Itis thought to be the Hefperis of Pliny,Jib. 21, cap. 7. fo called, for that it fmels 
more,& more pleafantly in the euening or night,than at any other time. They are called in French 
Violettes des Dames, cy de domas,and Girofflees des dames,ox Matrones Violettes . in Englifh, Damaske 
Violets,winter Gillofloures, Rogues Gillofloures,and clofe Sciences. 


q The Temperature, 


The leaues of Dames Violets are in tafte tharpedind hot,very like in tafteand facultie to Eruca 
or Rocket,and feemeth to bea kindethereof, 


q The Vertues, 


‘ The diftilled water of the flouresheredf is counted tobe amoft effe@uall thing do procure A 
iveat. 


Cuap. 123. Of White Sattin floure. 
0 G The Defcription. 


other fmall branches,befet with leaues like Dames Violets, or Queenes Gillofloures, 
fomewhat broad,and fhipt about the edges, andin fathion almoft like Saucealone, or 
Tacke by the hedge,but that they are longer and fharper pointed. The ftalkes are charged or loden 
with many floures like the common ftocke Gillo floure, ofa purple colour, whieh being falne,the 


Qq2 sia 


I Olbonac ox the Sattin floure hath hard and round ftalkes,diuiding themfelues into midry 
co] 


ar Tem “Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lip. 


feed commeth forth contained ina flatthin codjwitha fharp point or prick at one end, in fafhion 
nN i 1 j i 4 
of the Moone, and fomewhat blackith. This cod is compofed of three filmes or skins,whereof the 
+ 1 : 2 
two outmott are of an ouerworne afh colour,and the innermoft,or that in the middle,whereon the 
; ; : riley oe Be oe : S - ) 
feed doth hang or cleaue,is thin and cleere fhining,likea fhred of white Sattin newly cut from the 
peece, The whole plant dieth the fame yeare thar it hath borne feed, & mutt be fowne ycarely. The 
root is compaét of many tuberous parts like key clogs, or like the great Afphodill. ” 
2h The fecond kind of Bolbonac or white Sattin hath many great and broad Ieaues, almoft like 
thofe of the great burre Docke:among which rifeth vp a very tall ftem of the height of foure cu- 
= (= Ar > lor at wry i 
bits, ftiffe,and ofa w bisifiigeene colour,fet with the like leaues,but fmaller. The floures grow vp- 
on the flender branches,ofa purple colour, compact of foure fmall leaues like thofe of the ftocke 
Gillofloure ; after which come thin long cods of the fame fubftance and colour of the former. The 
root is thicke, whereunto are faftened an infinite number of long threddie ftrings:which roote di- 


eth not euery yeare as the other doth,but multiplieth it felfeas well by falling of the {eede, as by 
new fhoots of the root. > 


1 Viola Lunaru five Bolbonac, 


2 Viola Lunaris lonzioribus filiquis, 
Long codded white Sattin, 


q The Place. 

Thefe plants are fer and fowne in gardens; notwithftanding the firfthath been found wilde in 
the woods about Pinner,and Harrow on the hill,twelue miles from London; and in Effex ikewife 
about Horn-church. 

The fecond groweth about Watford, fifteene miles from London. ® 

q The Time. 

They floure in Aprill the next yeare after they be fowne. 

@ The Names. 

They are commonly called Bolboxac by a barbarous name:we had rather call it with Dodoneus & 
Clufius, Violalatifoliaand Viola lunaris,or as it pleafeth moft Herbarifts, Viol peregrina: the Bra- 
banders name itqDennine’ blocmen, of the fafhion of the coddes, like after a fort to a groat or 
refterne,and 49aefch bloemer,becaufe it alwaies floureth neere about the Feaft of Eafter : moft 
of the later Herbariftsdoecall it Lunaria : Others, Lunaria Graca, cither of the fafhion of the 
feed or of the filuer brightneffe that it hath,or of the middle skinne of the cods,when the two out- 
termof skinnes or huskes and feedes likewife are falne away. We call this herbe in Englith Penny 
floure, or Money floure, Siluer Plate, Pricke fongwoort ; in Norfolke, Sattin, and White 

: Sattin, 


fi 


Istns 24 Of the Hiftory of Plants: 465 
Sattin,and among our women it is called Honeftie: it feemeth to be the old Hetbarifts Thlafpi 
alterum,ox fecond Treacle muftard,and that which Cratewas deferibeth, called of diuers Sinapi Per- 
ficum ; tor as Diofcorides {aith,Cratenas maketh mention of a certaine Thlafpi or Treacle Muttard, 
with broad leaues and bigge roots,and fuch this Violet hath,which we furname Latifolia or broad 
leafed : generally taken of all to be the great Zunaria, or Moonwoort. 

G) Their Temperature and V ertues. 

The feed of Bolbonac is of Temperature hot and drie,and fharpe of tafte,and is likeintafteand A 
force to the {eed of Treacle Muftard;the roots likewife are fomewhat of a biting qualitie, but not 
much : they are eaten with fallads as certaine other roots are. 

A certaine Chirurgian ofthe Heluetians compofed amoft fingular vnguent for wounds of the B 
leaues of Bolbonac and Sanicle ftamped together,adding thereto oile and wax. The feed is great- 
ly commended againft the falling fickneffe. 


Cuar, 124. Of Galen and Diofcorides Moonwoorts or Madwoorts. 


1 Aly fum Galeni. +2 cAhffum Diofioridis. 
Gales Madwoort. Diofcorides Moonwoort or Madwoort. 


@] The Deftriptions 


I Fis might be one ofthe number of the Horchounds,but thatGale vfed it not fora kind 

thereof,but for 4/y/fon,or Madwoort : it is like in forme and fhew vnto Horehound,and 

alfo in the number of the ftalks,but the leaues thereof are leffer,zmore curled,more hoary, & whiter, 

without any manifeft fmellatall. The little coronets or {pokiewhurles that compaffe the ftalkes 

tound about are full of fharpe prickles : out ofwhich grow floures of a blewifh purple colour like 
to thofe of Horehound. The root is hard,woody,and diuerfly parted. 

2 Ihaue one growing in my garden,which is thought to be the true 8 right Lunary or Moon- 
woort of Diofcorides defcription,hauing his firft leaues {omewhat round,and afterward more long, 
whitifh, and tough, or fomewhat woolly in handling : among which rife vp rough brittle ftalkes, 
fome cubite high, divided into many branches , whereupon doe growe many little yellow 


Qq 3 floures; 


4.66 OF the Hiftorie of Plants. bis 2h, 


floures; the which being paft,there follow flatand rough huskes,ofa whitith colour, in fhape like 
little targets or bucklers,wherein is contained flat feed, like to the feeds of ftock Gillofloures, but 
bigger. The whole huske is of the fame fubftance, fathion,and colour that thofe are of the white 
Saitin. 

q The Place. x 

Thefe Plants are fowne now and then in Gardens, efpecially for the rareneffe of the m ; the 

feede beeing brought out of Spaine and Italy , from whence I receiued fome for my Garden, 
q The Time. 
They floure and flourifh in May 5 the feede is ripein Auguft, the fecond yeare after their 
fowing. 
a The Names, 

Madwoort,or Moonwoort is called ofthe Gracians é\vane Of dave : of the Latines Aly fim :in 
Englith, Galens Madwoort: of fome,Heale-dog: and it hath the name thereof, becaufe Itis a pre. 
fent remedy for them that are bitten ofa mad dogge, as Galen writeth;who in his fecond booke De 
Antidotis, in Antoninus Cows his compofition deferibeth it in thefe words : Madwoort is an herbe 
very like to Horehound, butrougher, and more full of prickles about the floures:it beareth a floure 
tending to blew. 

+ 2 The fecond by Dodore ws,Lobell,camerarius and others, is reputed to bee the Ah/Jon of 
Diofivr ides , Gefner mames it Lunarta afpera sand Columna,Leucoium (Montanum Lunatum, +. 

q The Temperature and Vertues. 

Galea faith it is giuen vnto fuch as are inraged by the biting of a mad dogge,which thereby are 
perfectly cured, as is knowne by experience,without any artificial! application or method atall. 
The which experiment ifany fhall proue,he fhall finde in the working thereof. It is of tempera- 
ture meanly drie,digefteth and fomething fcourcth withall:for this caufe it taketh away the mor 
phew and Sun-burning,as the fame Authour affirmeth, 


+ Thatwhich was formerly defcribed in the (cond place, being a kinde of Siderits, 1 hauc here omitted,that I may giue you it more fily amongft the ref 
ofthat name and kindred hereafter. 


Cuar.15. Of Rofe (Campion. 


Lychnis Chalcedonica. G The Kindes, 
Floure of Conftantinople. 


Tiere be diuers forts of Rofe Campions ; fome of 
the Garden,and others of the Field : the which fhal 
be diuided into feuerall chapters:and firft of the Cam- 
pion of Conftantinople. 3 
| The Defcription, 
Pie Campion of Conftantinople hath fundry Vp- 
right ftalks,two cubits high and ful of ioynts, with 
a certaine roughneffe ; and at euery ioynt two large 
Jeaues,ofa browne greene colour. The floures grow at 
the top like Sweet-Williams,or rather like Dames vi- 
olets,of the colour of red lead, or Orenge tawny. The 
root is fomewhat fharpe in tafte. 

+ There are diuers varieties of this, as with white 
and bluth coloured floures,as alfo a double kinde with 
very large,double and beautiful floures ofa Vermelion 
colour like as the fingleone here defcribed. + 

The Place. 
The floure of Conftantinople is planted in Gar- 
dens , and is very common almoft euerie where. 

£ Thewhite and bluth fingle,and the double one 
are more rare,and not to be found but in the Gardensof 
our prime Florifts, $ 


@] The Time. 


It floureth in Iune and Iuly, the fecond yeate 
after it is planted; and many yeares after ; for it 
; confifteth 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. Beg 


confifteth ofa root full of life; and endureth long, and can away with the cold of our clymate. 


aq The Names, 
It is called Conftantinopolitanus flos, and Lychnis Chalcedonica : of Aldrowandus » Flos Creticus , of 


Floure of Candy : of the Germans, flas Hierofolymitanus,or Floure of lerufalem : in Englifh,Floure 
of Conftantinople ; of fome, Floure of Briftow, or None-fuch: 


a The Temperature andVertues. 


Floure of Conftantinople, befides that grace and beauty which ithath in gardens and garlands, 
is,for ought we know, of novie, the vertues thereof being not as yet found out, 


Car. 126. Of Rofe-(Campion. 


1 Lychnis Coronaria rubra, 2 Lychnis Coronaria alba: 
Red Rofe Campion. White Rofe Campion. 


| The Defcription: 


i He firft kinde of Rofe-Campion hath round ftalks very knotty and woolly,and at ene. 
rie knot or ioynt there do ftand two woolly foft leaues like Mulleine, but lefler, and 
: _ Much narrower, The floures grow at the top of the ftalke,of a perfect red colour < 
which being patt, there follow round cods full of blackith feed. The rootis long andthreddy. ~ 
2 The fecond Rofe Campion differs not from the precedent in ftalkes,leaues,or fathion of the 
floures : the onely difference confifteth in the colour; for the floures of this plant are of a milke 
white colour, and the other red, % 
+ 3° Thisalfoin ftalks,roots,leaues, and manner of growing differs not from the former; but 
the floures are much more beautifull, being compofed of fome three or foure rankes or orders of 
teaues lying each aboue other, + , 


@ The 


4.68 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Crack 


$ 3 Lychnis coronaria multiplex, q The Place. 
Double Rofe Campion. 


The Rofe Campion growes plentifully 
in moft gardens. 


q TheTime. 
They floure from Iune to the end of Au- 
cult 
sult. 


@ The Names. 


The Rofe Campion is called in Latine 
Dorminarum Rofa, Mariana Rofa, Calj Rofa, 
Celi flos : of Diofcorides 5 Angle srptrayannd : that 
is,L ychnis Coronaria,ox Satina « GaXa tranfla- 
teth awit, Lucernula, becaufe the leaues 
thereof be foft, and fit to makeweekes for 
candles, acccording to the teftimonie of 
Diofcorides : it was called Lychnis , or Lych- 
aides, that is,a torch,or fuch like light ; ac- 
cording to the fignification of the word, 
cleere, bright, and light-giuing floures : 
and therefore they were called the Gard- 
ners Delight, or the Gardeners Eye: in 
Dutch, Lypiftes eie s in French, OesMlets, & 
Oecilets Dieu : in high-Dutch, Darien vols 
slin, and Himmel rofslin, 

|] The Temperature. 

The feed of Rofe-Campion, faith Galen, 
is hot and dry aftera fort in the fecond de- 
grec, 


q The Vertnes. 
The feed drunken in wine is a remedie for them that are ftung witha Scorpion, as Diofcorides 
teftifieth, S 


Cuar. 127. Of wilde Rofe-(ampions. 


q The Defcription. 
I He wilde Rofe-Campion hath many roagh broad leaues fomewhat hoary and woolly ; 
among which rife vp long foft and hairy ftalkes branched into many armes, fet with 
the like leaues, but lefler. The floures grow at the top of the ftalkes, compact of fiue leaues of a 
reddith colour : the root is thicke and large, with fome threds anexed thereto, 

$ There alfo growes commonly wilde with vs another of this kinde,with white floures,as alfo 
another that hath them ofa light bluth colour. + 

2 The fea Rofe Campion is a fmall herbe, fet about with many greene leaues from the lower 
part vpward ; which leaues are thicke, fomewhat leffer and natrower than the Jeaues of fea Pur- 
flane. !thath many crooked ftalkes {pred vpon the ground, a foot long , inthe vpper part where- 
of there is a fmall white floure, in fafhion and fhape likea little cup or box,after the likeneffe of 
Beben album, or Spatling Poppy , hauing within the faid floure little threds ofa blacke colour, in, 
tafte {alt, yetnot vnpleafant. 

It is reported vnto me by a Gentleman one M*. Tho. Hesket, that by the fea fidein Lancafhire, 
from whence this plant came, there is another fort hereof with red floures. 

f 3  Thisbrings many ftalkes from one root, round, long, and weaker than thofe of the firft 
defcribed, lying vfually vpon the ground: the leaues grow by couples at each ioynt,long, foft, and 
hairy ; among ft which alternately grow the floures,about the bigneffe of thofe of the fir deferi- 
bed, and ofa bluth colour ; and they arealfo fucceeded by fuch feed-veffels, containing areddifh 
{ced, The root is thicke and fibrous, yet commonly outliues nor the fecond yeare. 

+ 1 Lychnis 


let 


4.49 


Liss 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. _ 


t 1 Lychnis(ylueltris rubello flore, 2 Lychas marina Anglica, 
Red wilde Campion, ‘  Englifh Sea Ganipiow, 
airs Ako Low 


g DP Le MronL. eee Ow 


‘9 Lychnis fylueftris hirta,5. Cluft;, ; * Tet e 
~ Wilde hairy Campion Off ss oleae tab gayi 


Hoary wilde Campion. 


he 


470 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lina 


5 Lychnis hirta minima, 6.Cluf. t 6 Lychmis fylue ris incana,Lob, 
Small Hairy Campion, ; -, Ouerworne Campion, 


7 Lychnis cdliculis firiatis 2, Clufiqi } 4 8 Lychnis fylueftris alba 9. Cluf. 
Spatling Campion, g Whitewilde Campion, — 


bLas.2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, a 


4 The fourth kinde of wilde Campions hath long and flender ftems, dittiding rhemfelues in. 
to fundry other branches, which are full of ioynts, hauing many fall and narrow 


row leaueés procee-= 


ding from the faid ioynts,and thofe ofa whitith greene colour. The floures do grow at the top of 


- Lop 
le 


the ftalke, ofa whitith colour on the inner fide, and purplifh on the outer fide, conti; 

{mall leaues, cuery leafe hauing a cut inthe end, which maketh it of the fhape ofa forke: yi 

is like the wilde Poppy ; the root fomewhat grofleand thicke, which alfo perifheth the fecond 
yeate, 

5 The fifth kinde of wilde Campion hath three or foure foft leaues fomewhat downy,! 
flat vpon the ground ; among which rifeth vp an hairy afh-coloured ftalke, diuided into d; 
branches ; whereup6n do grow at cettaine {paces ; éuen in the fetting together of the ftalke and 
branches, fmall and grafle-like leaues, hairy, and ofan ouerworne dusky colour, as is all the reft of 
the Plant. The floures grow at the top of the branches, compofed of fiue fall forked Jeaues of 
a bright fhining red colour. The root is fmall,and ofa wooddy fubftance. 

6 The fixthkinde of wilde Campion hath many long thicke fat and hoary leaues {pred vponi 
the ground, in fhape and fubftance likethofe of the garden Campion, but of a very dufty ouer- 
worne colout : among which rife vp fmall and tender ftalkes fet at certaine daftances by couples; 


with fuch like leaues as the other, but faller: The flouresdo grow at the top of the ftalks in litz 
tle tufts like thofe of fiveet Williams, of ared colour. The root is {mall > with many threddy 
ftrings faftned to it. 

£ 7 This growes fomecubit high, with ftalkes diftinguifhed with fundry joynts , at each 
whereofare fet tivo feaues, greene, fharpe pointed, and fomewhat ftiffe : the flourcs grow at the 
tops of the branches, like to thofe of Muferpula or Catch-fly, yet fomewhat bigger, and of a datke 
red : which paft, the feed (which is afh-coloured, and fomewhat large) is contained in great cups 
or veflels couered with a hard and very much crefted skin or filme; whence it is called Zychnis ¢4. 
Liculis flriatis, and not Canliculis ftriatis, as it is falfly printed in Labels Icones, which fome as fooliths 
lyhauc followed. The root is fingle, and not'large, and dies euery yeare. f 

8 Thatwhich our Author figured inthis place had greene leaues and red floures, whicly no 
way forted with his defcription : wherefore Ihaue in licu thereof giuen you one out of Clufivs, 
which may fitly carry thetitle. Thisat the top of the large fibrous and liuing root fendeth forth 
many leaues fomewhat greene, and of fome fingers length, growing broader by degrees; and at 
laft ending againe ina fharpe point, The ftalkes are fome cubit high, fet at each ioynt with two 
Jeaues as it were embracing itwith their foot-ftalkes ; which leauesare lefle and lefie as they are 
highervp, and more fharpe pointed, At the tops of the branches grow the floures, confifting of 
fiue white leaues deepely cut inalmoft to the middle of the floure,and haue two fharpe pointed 
appendices at the bottome of each of them, and fiue chiues or threds come forth of their middles: 
thefewhen they fade contra& and twihe themfelues vp, aid are fucceeded by thicke and fharpe 
pointed feed-veffels, containing a fmall round A th-coloured feed. I conie ure that the figure of 
the Lyc huis plumaria, which was formerly here in the ninth place out of Tabern. mightbe of this 


to) 


plant, as well as ofthat which Bauhine refers it to,and which you fhall finde mentioned in the end 


ofthe chapter, + 


@ The Place; 


They grow of themfelues ncere to the borders of plowed fields, medowes,and ditch banks,com: 
monin many places, ¢ I haue obferued none of thefe, the firftand fecond excepted, growing 
wildewithvs. + 

The fea Campion groweth by the fea fide in Lancafhire, ata place called Lytham, fiue miles 
froni Wygan, from whence I had feeds fent me by M*. Thomas Hesketh , who hath heard it repor. 
ted, that i the fame place doth grow of the fame kinde fome with red floures,which arevery rare 
tobefeene. + This plant (in my laft Kentith Simpling voyage, 1632, with M". Thomas Hickes, 
M'. Broad, &c.) I found growing in great plenty inthe low marifh ground in Tenet that lieth di. 
reGtly oppofiteto the towneof Sandwich, ¢ : 

@ The Time. 
They floufe and flouiifh moft part ofthe Sommer euen vato Autumne; 


@ The Names. : 
The wilde Campion is called in Grecke augistua ; in Latine,Lychnes {ylucfiris : in Englith,wilde 
Rofe Campion. 
| The Temperature. 
The temperature of thefe wilde Campions are referred vnto thofe of the garden. 
TheV ertues, 


Theweight of twodrammes of thefeed of Wilde Campion beaten to pouder and ae A 
otn 


472 ue Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Re ig 


= a a 
doth purge cholerby the ftoole, and it is good for them that are ftung or bitten of any venomous 
beat. 


+ The figure that was in the firlt place, and was intended for our ordinary wilde Campion, isthat which you fee hera in the eighth place ; and thofethar were 
inthe fixth and eighth places you (hail hereafter finde with Mu/cipula or Catch-fly, whereto they are of affinitie. That figure which was inthe ninth place, out of 
Tabeyn, vader the title of Lychnis plumaris, as alfo the defcription, I haue omitted as impertinent: for the figure Baxhme himfelte (who correéted snd againe ferforth 
the Workes of Tabernamontanus) could nottell what to make thereof ; but queltions, Quid fir ? an Mufcipulaflore mafcofa ? Which if itbe, you fhall finde that plane 
hereafter defcribed, vnder the title of Sefamoides magnum Salmanticum > for our Authors defeription itis not worth theSpeaking of, being framed onely from imae 
gination. 


+Cuar. 128. Of diners other wilde Campions. 


} q| The Defeription. 

$ 1 oF He firft of thefe which we here giue you is like in leaues,ftalkes, roots,and manner 

of growing vnto the ordinarie wilde Campion defcribed in the firft place of the 

precedent Chapter ; but the floures are very double, compofed ofa great many red Jeaues thicke 
packet together, and they are commonly fet in afhort and broken huske or cod. Now the fimili- 
tude that thefe floures haue to the iagged cloath buttons anciently worne in this kingdome gaue 
occafion to our Gentlewomen and other louers of floures in thofe times to call them Bachelours 
Buttons. 

2 This differs not in fhape from the laft defcribed,out only in the colour of the floures,which 
inthis plant are white. 


£ x Lychnis (yl. multiplex purpurea. $ 2 Lychnis yl. alba multiplex. 
Red Bachelors Buttons, White Bachelors Buttons. 


NY 


af 
SP 


Yi 


3 Neither in roots, leaues, or ftalkes is there any difference betweene this either degenerate 
oraccidentall yarietie of Bachelors buttons, from the two laft mentioned , onely the floures here- 
of are of a greenith colour,and fometimes through the middeft of them they fend vp ftalkes, bea 
ring alfotufts of the like double floures. a , 

4 This (faith Clyfiws) hath fibrous roots like to thofe of Primrofes ; out of which come ee 
: o 


LLB, 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants, 


£ 3 Lychnis abortina flore multiplici viridi. $5 Lychnis fil. latifolia Cluf- 
iegenerate Bachelors Buttons with greene floures. Broad leaued wilde Campjor 


pion; 


¥ 5 Lychnis montanarepens. of a fufficient magnitude,not much wnlike thofe 
Creeping mountaine Campion. of the great yellow Beares-eare, yet whiter, more 


downy, thicke, and iuycie. 


reof it fends 1 


d there fendi 

1ich detaines and 

is do chance to 

At the top of the branches it 

eth many floures feras it were in an vm- 

l,euen fometimes an hundred ; vet fufficient- 
ly fmall,confidering the magnitude of the plant; 
and each of thefe confifts of fiue little yellowith 
greene forked leaues, 

s The ftalkes of this are flender , ioynted, 
and creeping like to thofe of the greater Chick. 
weed, and at each ioynt grow two leaues like 
thofe of the myrtle, or of Knot-graffe yer fome- 
what broader. The floures grow in fuch long 
cups like as thofe of Saponaria, and are. much 
leffe, yet of the famecolour. The root is fmall, 

@| The Place. 

rit m Thefeare ke many Gardens of 
this kingdome for their beau Y, efpecially the 
firftwhich is the more common. 

The fourth growes naturally in Candy. and 
the fifthby riuelets inthe mountainous places 

- Of Sauoy. a The Time, 

Thefe floure in Iune and uly with the other 

wild Campions, ; 
Rr @ The 


ot 1 


4.74. Of the Hiftory of Plants. vas 


@| The Names. 


x The firkofthefe is Lychats agreftis multiflora of Lobel;and Ocymozdes flore pleno of Camerarius. 

2 The fecond is by Pewaand Lobel alfo called Lychnis fylueftris multiflora : itis the Ocymaftrum 
enultiflorum of Tabernamontanus ; by which title our Author alfo had itin the former edition,p.5 51. 

3 Lobelhath this by the name of Lychais agreffis abortina multiplict viride flore. 

4  Clufius calls this Lychnis {ylueftris latifolia; and he faithhe had the {eed from sofiph de Cafa 
Bona, by thename of Mu/cipula anvicule vrfi facie : Banhine hath it by the name of Lychnis amricule 
uri facie. ; 

5 This (according to Bawhine ) was fet forth by Matthielws, by the name of Cacoron alind Theo- 
phrafti : it is the Ocimoides repens polygonifolia flore Saponaria, in the Aduerfaria : and Saponaria minor 
Dalefchampij, in the Hift, Lugd. Iris alfo Ocimoides Alpinum, of Ge{ner ,and Ocymoides repens, of Ca 
Mer Ariss . 

@ The Nature andVertues, 

The natures and vertues of thefe,as of many others,lie hid as yet,and fo may continue, if chance, 

Of amore curious generation than yet is in being do not findethem out. + 


Cuarv.iz9. Of Willow-herbe, or Loofe-ftrifes 


1 Lyfimachia lutea, £ 2 Lyfimachia lutea minor. 
- Yellow Willow-herbe, ‘Small yellow Willow-herbe. 


§ weoukion Gul aon cg 
ss l 


Ea 
NF 


| J 
BVA 


9] The Defcription, 


I 


He firft kinde of Willow-herbe hath long and narrow leaues ofa grayifh greene co- 
lour, in fhape like the Willow or Sallow leaues, ftanding three or foure one againft 
; _____ another at feuerall diftances round about the ftalke , which toward the top diuideth 
it felfe into many other branches, on the tops whereof grow tufts of faire yellow floures, confi- 
fting of fiue leaues apiece, without fell : which being paft, there commeth forth feed like Cori- 
ander. The root is long and flender, ; 


¥ 2 This 


L rey.2. 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. aya 


lt) € 


firme, hard, and downy ; about whichat certaine diftances grow commonly foure leaues together, 
yet fometimes but three, and they are foft and fomewhat downy, lefler than thofe of the former; 
being firft ofan acide tafte,and then of anacride ; and they arevfually marked on their lowet fides 
with blacke fpots. About the top of the ftalke, out of the bofomes of each leafe come forth little 
branches bearing fome few floures, or elfe foot-ftalkes carrying fingle floures, which is more vfuall 
towards the top of the ftalke. The floures are yellow, with fomewhat a ftrong fimell, confifting of 
fiue fharpe pointed yellow leaues,with fo many yellow threds intheir middle, The root is ioyn- 
ted, or creeping here and there, putting vp new fhouts, 


¢ 2 This leffer of Clufius his defcription hatha ftalkea cubit high, and fometimes higher 


Eng Lyfimachia lutea flore globofo, £ 4 Lyfimachialutea Virgiaiana, 
Yellow VVillow-herbe with bunched floures, Tree Primrofe. 


Np Ras trys Ylor Crv_ 


3. Thisalfo may fitly be referred to the former. The ftalke isa cubit high, ftraight, and 4s ir 
were ioynted, naked oft times below by the falling away of the leaues ; but from the middle to the 
top fet with two leaues ata ioynt, likethofe ofthe former; and out of their bofoms on fhort {talks 
grow round tufts of {mall yellow flouresas in bunghes : the root which ¢reepes fends forth many 
{mall fibres ateach ioynt. This was fet forth by Lebel vider the title of Lyfimachia lutea altera,’ ox 
Lyfimachiafalicaria : Dodonaus hath it by the name of Lyfimachinm aquatile : and Clifins calls it Ly- 
fimachialutea tertia, fine minor. 

4 This Virginian hath beene defcribed and figured onely by Pro/per Alpinus, vnder the title of 
Hyo{cyames Virginianus : and by M*. Parkinfon,by the name of Lyfimachia lutea filiquofa Vireiniana : 
Alfo Bawbine in the Appendix ofhis Pivax hatha large defcription thereof, by the name of Lyfima- 
chia lutea corniculata, The root hereof is longith, white,about the thickneffe ofones thumbe, from 
whence growesvp tall ftalke diuided into many branches of an ouerworne colour,anda little hai- 
rie: the leaues are like thofe of the former, but fomewhat finuated along tt their edges,and hauing 
their middle veine of a whitith colour : toward the tops of the branches among {t the leaues come 
vp pretty thicke cads,which growing fmalleron their tops fuftaine pretty large yellow flotures 
confifting of foure leaues, with a peftill in the middle vpon which ftand foure yellow ith thrums 

Rr 2 mn 


5 


sete 


Po RS eee 


476 Of theHliftory of Plans. = Lt 


in fafhion of acroffe ; and there are alfo eight threds with their pointals in the middles of them. 
Thefe floures haue fomewhat the fmell ofa Primrofe (whence M'. Parkinfon gaue it the Englith 
name, which J haue alfo here giuen you: ) after the floures are fallen, the cods grow to be fome 
two inches long, being thicker below, and fharper at the top,and fomwhat twined , which in fine 
open themfelues into foure parts to fhatter their feed, which is blacke and {mall ; and fowne, it 
growes not the firft yeare intoa ftalke, but fends vp many large leaues lying handfomely one ypon 
another Rofe-fafhion. It floures in Iune, and ripens the feed in Auguft. + 

5 The fecond kinde of Willow-herbe in ftalks and leaues is like the firft, but that the leaues 
are longer, narrower, and greener. The floures grow along the ftalke toward the rop, {pike-fathi- 
on, ofa faire purple colour :which being withered turne into downe, which is carried away with 
the winde. 


achia purpurea fpicata. 6 Lyfimachia filiquofa. 
: Spiked Willow haber Codded Willow-herbe, 


=) 


wy Thenauar olicerto. — : bia Web wea Lt Ae 


6 This Lyfimachia hath Jeaues and ftalkes like ynto the former. ‘The floure groweth at 
the top of the ftalke, comming out of the end ofa {mall long cod, ofa purple colour, in thape like 
a ftocke Gillofloure, and is called ofmany Félins ante Patrem (that is, The Sonne before the Fa- 
ther) becaufe that the cod commeth forth firftyhauing feeds therein, before the floure doth thew 
it felfeabroad. + The leaues of this are more foft, large,and hairy chan any of the former : the 
arealfo fnipt about the edges, and the floure is large, wherein it differs from the twelfth, hereafter 
defcribed ; and from the eleuenth in the hairinefle of the leaues, and largeneffe of the floures alfo, 
as you fhall finde hereafter, + 

7 This being thought by fome to bea baftard kinde, is (as I doefteeme it) ofall the reft the 
moft goodly and ftately plant, hauing leaues like the greateft Willow or Ozier. The branches 
come out of the ground in great numbers, growing to the height of fix foot, garnifhed with braue 
floures of great beauty,confifting of foure leaues a piece, of an orient purple colour, hauing fome 
threds in the middle ofa yellow colour. Thecod is long like the laft {poken of, and full of downy 
matter, which flieth away with the winde when the cod is opened, 

+8. Thisalfo, which is the Chamenerion of Gefner, as alfo his Epilobion, quale x86 in, a Vio- 
Jet or floure vpon a cod, may iuftly challenge the next place. Dodoneus calls it Péudoly fimachium 

perpureum 


SPB yore ey 


Lis. 2. Of tie Hittory of Plants. 


FT 
£8 Chamenerion alterum an 7 Hftifolinn . 
Narrow leaued Wille oe , 


+ 7 Chameanerion, 


Rofe bay Willow-herbe, 


£ 9 Lyfimachiacaruleas $ 10 Lyfimachiagalericulata 
Blew Loofe-ftrife, Hooded Loofe-ftrife. 


Scutillonto. galeria 


iN SS 
| a 
1b) VLG, 


Rr 3 


4.78 OF the Hiftory of Plants: Lys, 2. 


11 Lyfimachiacampeftris. purpuream minus : and it isin the Hiftor.Lugdun, 
Wilde Willow-herbe. vnder the name of Linaria rubra, It Sroweth vp 


with ftalkes fome foot high, fet with many nar- 
row leaues like thofeof Toad-flax, of a erayith 
colour,and the ftalke is parted into diucrs bran- 
ches, which at their tops vpon long cods carrie 
purple floures confifting of foure leaues apicce, 
‘The root is long, yellowifh,and wooddy. + 

9 There isanother baftard Loofe-ftrife or 
Willow-herbe hauing ftalkes like the other of 
his kinde, whereon are placed Jong leaues {nipt 
about the edges, in fhape like the great eronica 
orherbe Fluellen. The floures grow along the 
flalkes, {pike-fathion , of a blew colour ; after 
which fycceed final] cods or pouches. The roor 
is {mall and fibrous : it may be called Lyfima- 
chia cerusea, or blew VVillow-herbe. 

to We haue likewife another WVillow- 
herbe that groweth neere vnto the bankes of ri- 
uers and water-courfes, This I found in a wa- 
teric lane leading from the Lord Treafurer his 
houfe called Theobalds, vnto the backefide 6F 
his flaughter-houfe,and in other places,as fhall 
be declared hereafter. Which Lobel hath cal- 
led Lyfimachia galericulata, or hooded Willow- 
herbe, It hath many fall tender falkes trai- 
ling ypon the ground, befer with diuers. leaues 
fomwhat fnipt about the edges, of a deep green 
colourlike to the leaues of Scordium or water 
Germander ; among which are placed fundrie 
{mall blew floures fafhioned like little hood, 
in fhape refembling thofe of Ale-hdofe. The 
root is {mall and fibrous, difperfing ir felfe vn- 
der the earth farre abroad, whereby it greatly 
increafeth, 

rx Thewilde Willow-Herbe hath fraile and very brittle ft 

bouttheheight of acubit, and fomerimes higher; whereu 
fomewhat {nipt about the edges, and fer together by couples. There come forth at the fir 
long {lender coddes, wherein 1s contained {mall feed , wrapped in a cottony or downy wooll, 
which is carried away with the winde when the feed is tipe:at the end of which commeth forth a 
{mall floure of a purplifh colour ; whereupon it was called Filius ante Patrem, becaufe the floure 
doth not appeare vatill the cod be filledwith his feed. But there is another Sonne before the Fa- 
ther; ashath beche declared in the Chapter of Medow-Saffton. ‘The root'is fmall aad thred- 
die» + This differeth from the fixth onely in that the leaues are lefle,and leffe hairy , and the 
floure is fmaller. + ' 


12, The Wood VVillow-hearbe hath a flender-ftalke diuided into other fmaller bran- 


ches , whereon are fet long leaues rough and fharpe pointed, of an onerworne greene colour. 


The floures grow at the tops of the branches , confiiting of foure or fiue fall leaues, of a 
pale purplith colour tending towhiteneff : after which come long cods, wherein are little feeds 
wrapped ina certaine white Downe that is carried away with thewinde. The root is threddie. 
+ This differs from the fixth in that ithath leffer floures, There isalfoa leffer fort of this hairie 
Lyfimachiawith {mall floures. 

There are two morevarieties of thefe codded Willow-herbes 3the oneofwhichis of a mid- 
dle growth, fomewhat like tothatwhich is deferibed in the eleventh place, but lefle, with the 
Jeauesalfo fhipped about the edges, fmooth, and not hairie: and it may fitly be called Ly/ima- 
chia filiquofa glabvamedia, or minor, The effet {mooth-leaued Willow-herbe. The other is 
alfo fmooth leauedy but they are leffer and narrower: wherefore it may in Latine be termed, 
Lyfimachia [iliquofa glabra minor anguftifolia : in Englith, The leffer fmooth and narrow Jeaued 
WV illow-herbe, 

$9213. This leffer pur 


ofa cubit, they arealfo fle 


alkes, flender, commonly a- 
pon doe grow fharpe pointed leaues 


ple Loofe-ftrife of Clufius, hath ftalkes feldome exceeding the height 
ider,weake and quadrangular, towards the top, diuided into branches 


Lina Of theHiftory of Pint 10 gis 


growing one againft another ; the leaues areleffe and narrower thanthe commen pmnple kinde. 
and growing by couples,vnleffe at the top of the ftalkes and branches, whereas they kee 
taine order,and amongft thefe come here and there cornered cups containing flou ofed 
of fix little red leaues with threds in their niiddles. The toot is hard,woody,and not creeping, as 
inothers of this kinde, yet it endures all the yeere; and fends forth new fhoots,It floures in [une 
and Iuly, and was found by G/a/izs in diners wet medowes in Auftria, + 


°S5 COM 
s COM 
i 


| The Place. 


The firft yellow Lyfimachia groweth plentifully in moift medewos, efpecially along the me; 
dowes as you go from Lambeth to Batterfey neere London,and inmany other places throughout 
England. 9 

$ The fecond and thitd I have not yer 
£ 13 Lyfimachia purpurea minor Cluf, feene. : 
Small purple Willow herbe; The fourth groweth in many gardens. + 

The fift groweth in places Of greatér moi- 
fture, yea almoft in the running ftreames and 
ftanding waters, or hard by then’. It sroweéth 
vider the Bifhops houfewall at Lambeth neere 
the water of Thames; and in moift: ditches ih 
moft places of England: 

The fixth groweth neete the waters (and in 
the waters) inall places for the moft part, 

The feuenth groweth in Yorkthire ina place 
called the Hooke,neer vnto a clofe calleda Cow 
pafture , from whence I had thefe plants, which 
doe grow inmy garden very goodly to behold, 
for the decking vp of houfes and gardens. 

£ The eighth Lhaue not yet found growing, 

The ninth growes wild in fome places of this 
kingdome, but I haue feene it only in Gardens. 

The renth growes by the ponds and waters 
fides in Saint James his Parke;in Tuthill fields 
and many other places. + 5; rele 

Theeleuenth groweth hard by the Thames; 
as you goe from a place called the Diuels Nec. 
kerchiefe to Redreffe,neere vnto a ftile that ttan- 
deth in your way vpon the Thames banke, a- 
mong the plankes that doe hold vp the fame 
banke. It groweth alfo ina ditch fide not farre 
from the place of execution, called Saint Tho- 
mas VVaterings. 

+ The other varieties of this grow in wet 
places, about ditches, and in woods and fuch 
like moift grounds: ¢ 


q The Time, 


Thefe herbes floure in June and Iuly,and oftentimes vntill Augutt, 


gq The Names s 


Lyfimachiasas Diafcorides and Pliny write.tooke his name ofa {peciall vertue that ithath in ap- 
peafing the ftrife and vnrulineffe which falleth out among oxen at the plough, if it bee put about 
their yokes : but it rather retaitieth and keepeth the name Lyjimachia,of King Ly fimathws the fonne 
of Agathocles che firit finder outof the nature and vertues of this herb,as P/iy faith in his 25-book 
chap.7.which retainetl the name of him vnto this day, and was made famous by Evafiftratus, Rie 
ellis writeth,that it is called in French Cornelle and Corneola : 10 Greeke rwaudees : of the Latines,Ly- 
fimachinin : of Pliny, Lyfimachias of the later Writers, Salicarta : inhigh Dutch, wpederick s in En- 
glith, Willow herbe,orherbe Willow,and Loofe ftrife. At ; 

Chamanerium is called of Gefver, Epilobion : in Englifh,Bay YVillow,or bay yellow bee a 


ne 


480 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Letaizl 


+ The names of fuch as I haue added haue been {ufficiently fet forth in their titles and Hi- 


ftories. $ 


@ The Nature. 
The yellow Lyfimachiawhich is the chiefe and beft for Phyficke vies, is cold and drie, and very 


aftringent. 


g The Vertues. 
The iuice,according to Dieftorides,is good againft the bloudy flix,being taken either by potion 


or Clifter. 


It is excellent good for greene wounds, and ftancheth the bloud :being alfo put into the no- 


fthrils, it toppeth the bleeding at the nofe. 


The fmoke of the burned herbe driueth away ferpents, and killeth flies and gnats ina houfe- 
which Play {peaketh of in his 25.book,chap.8. Snakes, faith he,craull away at the fmell of Loot 
ftrife. The fame Authour affirmeth in his 26 booke,laft chap. that it dieth hairé yellow , which is 
notvery vnlike tobe done by reafon the floures are yellow. 

D ‘The others haue not been experimented, wherefore vntill fome matter worthy the foting doth 
offer it felfe ynto our confideration, I will omit further to difcourfe her cof. 
E_ Theiutice of yellow Lyfimachia taken inwardly, ftoppeth all fluxe of bloud, and the Dyfenteria 


or blondy flix. 


f The iuice put into the nofe, ftoppeththe bleeding of the fame,and the bleeding of wounds,and 
mightily clofeth and healeth them,being made into an vnguent or falue. 

The fame taken ina mother fuppofitorie of wool! or cotton, bound vp with threds (as the man- 

nerthereof is,well knowne to women) ftaieth the inordinate flux or ouermuch flow ing of womens 


termes. 


It is reported,that the fume or fmoke of the herbe burned, doth driue away flies and gnats,and 


all manner of venomous beatts. 


Cuare 30. 


Epimedinm. 
Barren Woort. 
Cpwwt penne ol Vineinnr 


Of Barren-woorts 


@ The Defcription, 


£ His rare and ftrange plant was fent ro 
me from the French Kings Herbarift 
Robinus, dwelling in Paris at the figne of 
theblacke head, inthe ftreet called D# 
bout du Monde, in Englifh, The end ofthe 
world. This herbe I planted in my garden, 
& in the beginning of May it came forth 
of the ground, with fmall,hard & woodie 
crooked ftalks: whereupon grow rough 8 
fharpe pointed leaues,almott like Alzaria, 
that is to fay,Sauce alone,or lacke by rhe 
hedge.Lobeland Dod fay, that the leaues 
are fomewhat like Iuie ; but in my iudge- 
ment they are rather like Aliaria,fomwhat 
{nipt about the edges, and turning them- 
felues flat vpright, as amanturneth his 
hand vpwards when hee receiueth money. 
Vpon the fame ftalkes come forth {mall 
floures, confifting of foure leaues, whofe 
outfides are purple,the edges on the inner 
fide red,the bottomeyellow,& the middle 
part of a bright red colour,and the whole 
floure fomewhat hollow, Theroot is fmal, 
and creepeth almoft vpon the vppermoft 
face of the earth. It beareth his feed in ve- 
ty fmall cods like Saracens Confound, 
( ¢ to wit that of our Authour for- 

merly 


Lis: 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: | 48: 


merly defcribed, pag. 274. +) but fhorter ; which came not to tipeneffe in my garden,by reafon 
that it was dried away with the extreme and vnaccuftomed heat of the Sun,which happened in the 
yeare 2590. fince which time from yeare to yeare it bringeth feed to perfection, Purther, D/ofcori. 
des and Pliny do report,that it is without floure or feed, 
q The Place, 
t It groweth in the moift medowes of Italie about Bononia and Vincentia:it groweth in the 
garden of my friend M*. Zohn Milion in Old-ftreet,and fome other gardens about towne, 
q The Time. 
Tt floureth in Aprill and May,when it hath taken faft hold and fetled it felfe in the earth a yeare 
before. 


q The Names. 


It is called Epimedium : Lhaue thought good to call it Batren woort in Englith ; not becaufe 
that Dyofcorides faith it is barren both of floures and {eeds,but becaufe(as fome authors affirme) be- 
ing drunke it isan enemie to conception. 

q The Temperature and Vertues. 


Galen affirmeth that it is moderately coldwith a wateric moifture : we haue as yet no vfe hereof 
in Phyficke, 


tCuar.11, Of Fleabane. 


$Y Comyzamaior. £ 2 ConyXaminor vera, 
Great Fleawoort. Small Fleabane, 


$ THe {malneffe of the number 
of thefe plants here former- 
ly mentioned, the confufion notwith. 
fland ing in the figures, their nominati- 
ons & hiftorie,not onedgreeing with an- 
other,hath eaufed me wholly toomit the 
defcriptions of our Authour,and to giue 
you new, agrecable to the figures; to- 
gether with an addition of diuers other 
plants belonging to this kindred, Be- 
fides there is one thing I muft aduertife 
you of,which is,that our Authour inthe 
firft place defcribed the Baccharis Monjpelien(ium of Lobel.or Conyza maiorof, Matthiolus,& it is that 
which grows tn Kent and Effex onchalkic hils,yet he gaue no figure of it,butas it were forgetting 
what he had don,allotted it a particular chap.afterwards, where alfo another figure was put for it, 
but there you fhall now finde it,though I mutt confeffe that this is as fitor a fitter place for it,but - 
Iwill follow the courfe of my Authour,whofe miatter, not method Iindeayour to amend. 


a The 


482 OF the Hiftorie of Plants. Letpazl 


q The Defcription, 

t His great Fleawoort ot Fleabane, froma thick long lining fibrous root fends forth ma- 
ny ftalkes of {ome yard high or more; hard,w ooddy,rough, fat,and of an ou erworne co- 
lour : the leaues are many,without order,and alternately embrace the ftalkes, twice as big as thofe 
ofthe Oliue tree, rough and fat, being as itwere befmeared witha eummineffe or fattinefle, and 
of a yellowifh greene colour: the floures grow after a fort {poke fathion, ftanding at the ends of 
footitalkes comming out of the bofomes of the leaues,and they are yellow and round almoft like 
to Groundfwell, and fic away in downe like as they doe; the feed is {mall and afh coloured. The 
whole plant is fattie and glutinous,with a ftrong,yet not altogether vnpleafant {mell. This growes 
not that I know of in thefe cold Countries, vnleffe fowne in gardens. Clufivs found it by Lisbone, 
and in diuers places of Spaine. He,as alfo Dodoneus, Lobel,and others,call this Conyza macor, and it 

isthought to be the Comy{amas of Theophraftus,and ConyXa maior of Diofcorides. 

2 The leffer feldome fends vp more than one ftalke,and that of acubit high, yet vfually not 
fo much:it is diuided into little branches,and alfo rough and glutinous as the precedent,but more 
greene. The leaues are three times leffe than thofe of the former, fomewhat fhaped like thofe of 
Toad-flax, yet hairy and vnétious ; the tops ofthe branches as in the bigger, carrie leffe, and leffe 
fhining and fightly floures, vanifhing in like fortintodowne. The root is fingle and annuall,and. 
the whole plant more fmelling than the former. This is iudged the Conyza famina of T heophraftus; 
and Con. minor of Diofcorides ; it is the Con.minor of Gefner,Lobel, Clufivs andothers. Itgrowes in 


diuers parts of Spaine and Prouince in France,but not here,vnleffe in Gardens. 


3 ComyXa media. +} 4 Conyxa minima, 
Middle Fleawoort. Dwarfe Fleabane. 
aif ule dy perhitiea- yyy Dee p well art b> 


P= am, y 
d, Oy 
“Sk A, i ae 


yy Ow 


3 Therootof this middle kinde is prettie large and fibrous, from whence arifeth abranched 
ftalke of fome cubite high, engirt at certaine {paces with thicke,rough, grayith greene leaues :at 
the tops of the branches grow pretty faire yellow floures of the bignes ofa little Marigold; whiclr 
fading turne to downe,and are carried away with the winde, This floures in Iuly and Auguft, and 
may be found growing in moft places about rivers and pond fides,as in S.Iames his Parke, Tuthill 
ficlds,&cc. This is Conya media of, Matthiolus,Dodoneus,and others. Some haue referred it ynto the 


Mints 


_Liwn Of theHliftoryof Plans SSS*~S*« 


Minhts,as Fuchfivswho makes it Calaminthe 3 «genus, and Lonicerus,whocalls it Mentha Lutea, In 
Cheape-fide the herbe-women call it Herbe Chriftopher,and fell it to Empericks, who with it(as 
they fay) make Medicines for the eyes, but againft what affe@ of them, or with what fucceffe T 
know nor. 

4  Inlike places,or rather fuch as ate plathy inwinter this may be plentifully found growing, 
The roots are {mall and fibrous ; from whence arifeth a branched ftalke fome foot high, fer with 
{mall longith leaues fomewhat roundith pointed, foft alfo and woolly,with a {mell not altogether 
vopleafant,like as the laft deferibed : the Hloures are compofed of many yellowith threds like to 
the middle part of Camomill floures,or thof of Yanfey : andas the former,turne into downe,and 
are carried away with the winde, it floures in Tuly and Auguft. This is the ConyXa minor of Tragus, 
Matthiolus,and others : Lobel and Dodon.call it Conyxa minima, 

5  Thiscut leaued Fleabane hath {mall fibrous roots, from which arife thicke,crefted,8 hol- 
low ftalks,diuided towards the tops into fundty branches : the leaues that incompaffe the ftalke 
are gafhed,or elfe onely finuated on the edges : the floures are ftar fafhion and yellow,and alfo flie 
away in downe ; the whole plant is couered ouer witha foft and tender downe,and hath fomewhat 
the {mell of Honie. This isa varictie of the third,and is called by Dodon.Cenyxe medic fpecies altera, 
Lobel names it Con Xa helenitis folijs laciniatis, 

6 The figure which you haue in this fixth place was formerly vnfitly giuen by our Authour 
for Solidago Saracenica; ithath a large root which fends foorth many fibres, andacrefted hol- 
low ftalke fome twocubites or more high, which is vnorderly fet, with long , yet narrow fhipe 
Jeaues fomewhat hairie and fharpe pointed : the toppe is diuided into branches, which beare 
" Prettie large yellow floures, made after the mannet of thofe of Ragwort, and like as they,are alfo 
carried away with thewinde. This Thaliwscals ConyXamaxima ferratifolia. It is the Lingua maior 
of Dale(champins, and the Confolida paluftris of Tabernamontanus, It groweth neere water fides, and 
floures towasds-the latter end-of Sommer: I haue not yet heard that it doth grow wilde a- 
mongftvs. 


¥ 5 ConyXa folijs laciniatis, £ 6 Conyza paluftris ferratifolias 
, Great iagged leaued Fleabane, Water fnipt Fleabane, 
Coma po shes , ie NECZLD palasos UF 


9 The 


484. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisz.2z. 


+ 7 Cony%a Austriaca Clufij. $ 8 Conyxa incana. 
Auftrian Fleabane: Hoary Fleabanes 


£ 9 ComyXa Alpina pilofifima. $ 10 ComyzaCaruleaacris. 
Hairic Fleabane of the Alpes, Blew floured Fleabane, 


CV GVO Bore. 


Iy.10, 2b Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


7 The ftalkes of this are about a foot high, ftraight; ti 
downe: the leaues at rhe root grow vpon long ftalkesyand are { 
higher vp, hauc a fhort, or elfeno ftalke at all, and rubbed, they yeeld novnpleafant fmell and ta- 
fted,they are fomwhat bitter andacride. The foures Stow vpon the tops of the branches are 
large,and fafhioned like thofe of Elecampane, and are of the fame yellow color. The roor is long, 

flender and blackith,creeping and putting vp new hath many white fibr = 
fmell. Clufivs found it growing on dry hilly placesin Auftria, and calls ic c 
firiaca, : 
- 8 This which Lode/ fets forth vnderthetitle of Conyxa heler “taincana, Ltaké tobethe 
fame Plant that I laf figured and defcribed out of Clufiws,onely the root is bétter expreft in Clif. 
us his figure, otherwife by the figures I cannot rence,though Bawhine ; 
his P7wax.as differing therefrom. 

9 This alfofeemes not much to differ from the lat mentioned,butonely in the ha 
the leaues and ftalkes,and that rhe floures are fmaller. This Lobel cals ConyXa Helenites ; 
aa + Helenitisecaufe the floures and leaues haue fome femblance of Elecampane, and « 
that they fmell fomewhat like Honie. Thefe lat grow vpon mountaines,but none of them j 
in England that can yet heare of. 

10 ‘This hatha {mall fibrous and yellowifh root,of a very hot ahd biting taftewhich fends vp 
diuers longifh leaves about the head thereof; the ftalke is {ome foot and halfe high,and fet alter- 
nately with twined,longifh,narrow and fomewhat rough leaues of an ouerworne gtcene colour,the 
top of the ftalke and branches are adorned with floures fet in longith f{ealy heads like thofe of 7ie. 
vavinm: the ourer little leaues ate ofa faint blew colour,and the inner threds are yellow. It flotircs 
in Auguft,and the floures quickly turne into downe, and-are carried aw: y with the wind. [t gtows 
in many Chalkie hils,and J firft obferued it in the company of M'.Geoxge Bowles,M* John Buesand 
others,clofe by Farmingham in Kent ; and the laft y Villiam Broad found it growing atthe 
Blockehoufe at Grauefend. Tragus calls it Tiné? 


hard, and coucred with 
Sea neaihie:..Ikucé x. : 
oftand hairie ; but thofe which are 


C, 


arefinous 


iy 


9. 


any diffe eckon it Vp in 


inctorins fies alter : Dodoneus becaufe the floure quick. 
ly turns to downe makes it Erigeroa quartum:and Gener for that the root is hot,and dtawes rheume 
likeas Pellitorie of Spaine,which therefore is vfed againft the Tooth-ache,names it Destelariashe 
alfo cals it Conyza muralis,and Cony zoides Carulea : Tabernamontanus allo calls it ConyXa carulea.and 
laftly, Fabius Columnahath it by the name of Amellus Montanus, to which kinde it may in mineo. 
pinion be as fitly referred, as tothefe Conyzas, Our Authour had the figure hereof inthe third 


place inthis Chapter, 


The Place,Time, and Names, 
All thefe haue beene fufficiently fhewne in their particular Titles and Defecriptions. $ 


© The Natures 
Cowy=a is hot and drie in the third degree. 


@ The Vertues, 
e qd - 7 a ihe wa hae is aw \e os oie 
Ane oe and floures be good againft the ftrangurie, the iaundife,and the gnawing Or gtiping & 
i tne dellie. 


The fame taken with Vineger, helpeth the Epilepfie or falling ficknefle. B 
If Women doe fitouer the decoion thereof, it greatly eaféth their paines of the Mo- & 


tner, 


The Herbe burned, where flies, Gnats, eas, Or any venemous things are, doth driue them D 


away. 
f 
F Thefirkwas formerly of ConyZamedia; the (econd was of ConyZa minima s andthe third of Cony€a Ci vulea acrifs 
ui 
C wa p.132. Of Starre-woors 
| The Defiription. 
I He firft kinde of 4 fer or Inguinalés hath large broad Ieaues like Verbafcum Salvifolinmi 


Or the great Camy=a : among which rifeth vp a ftalke foure or fiue handfuls high,hard, 
rough and hairie,befet with leaues like Rofe Campions,ofa darke greene colour. At 
the top of the faid Ralkes come forth floures, of a thining and gliftering golden colour ; and vn- 
derneath about thefe floures Stow fue or fix Jong leaues, fharpe pointed and rough,not much in 


Sf fhape 


difinguith the one from the other. The fingle ftalke isacubit long,vpright and flender;on the top 
whereof grow faire yellow floures,like thofe of Evs#la Campana, and they fly away in downe : the 
root is fmalland threddie. t 

4 The fourth kinde in talneffe and foure is not much vnlike that laft before fpecified, but in 
ftallce and Jeaues more hairie, and longer,fomewhat like our {mall Hound{-tongue;and the rootes 
are lefle fibrous or threddie than the former. 

There is another fort that hath a browne ftalke,with leaues like the fmall CowiXa.The floures 
are of a darke yellow,which turne into downe that flieth away with the wind like Conyza,.The root 
is full of threds or ftrings. 

6 There isalfo another that hath leaues like the great Campion,fomewhat hairie ; among ft 
which come yp crooked crambling ftalkes, leaning lamely many waics. WVhereupon doe growe 
faire yellow floures, Starre-fathion; which paft, the cups become fo hard,that they will {carcely 
be broken with ones nailes to take forth the feed. The foot is long and ftraight asa finger, with 
fome few firings annexed vnto the vppermoft part thereof, It groweth wilde in fome parts of 
Spaine. 


I CAfler Atticus. £2 Afler Italorum, 
Starrew ort, Italian Starrewoort. 


4 Theregroweth another kinde of Starrewoort, which hath many leaues like Scabious,but 
thinner,and of a more greene colour, couered witha woollie hairinefle, fharpe and bitter in tafte; 
‘ 1 


amongftwhich {pringeth va round ftalke more than acubite high , often growing vnto ared- 


: dith 


eee b. Of the Hiftory of Plants, ’ P 87 


dith colour; fetwith the like leanes, but fmaller and fharper pointed,diuiding it felfe toward ¢} 
top into fome few branches ; whereon doe grow large Yellow floures like Doroxicnyp OF Sonchg 
The root is thickeand crooked. + This is After Pannonicus maior, five tertins Of Cluf- and his , 
iriacus primus. 

8 Wee haue feene growing vpon wilde Mountaines another fort, which hath leaues much 
leffer than the former,fomewhat like to the leaues of Willow, ofa faire greene colour which doe 
adorne and decke vp the ftalke even to the top; whereupon doe grow yellow floures ftarre f; thion. 
like vnto the former. The root is finail and tender,creeping fatre abroad, whereby it mightily in- 
creafeth, $+ This is Wafer Pannonicus falignis folys - five After 4. Cdujflriacus 2.0fClufius. Tt is 
Bubonium Inteum of Tabern. And our Authour gaue the Figure heereof for After Ttalo« 
rum. $ 

9 Clufies hath fet forth a kinde that hath an vptight ftalke, fomewhat hairy, two cubits high, 
befet with leaues fomewhat woollie like to thofe of the Sallow, hauing at the top of the ftalke 
faire yellow floures like Enula Campana,which tatne into down that is carried away with the wind, 
the root is thicke,with fome haires or threds faftened thereto. + This is After lanuginofe folio,five 
5-0f Clufiws. Our Authour gaue the figure hereof vnder thetitle of After Hirfitus: itis Afler flore 
Luteo of Taber. 

to Hee hath likewife defcribed another fort,that hath leaues,ftalks,floures,and roots like the 
ninth, but neuer groweth to the height ofone cubite. ¢ It bringeth forth many ftalkes, and the 
leanes that grow diforderly vpon them are narrower,blacker,harder and tharper pointed than the 
former, not vnlike thofe of thecommon Ptarmica,yet not {nipt about the edges: the floures are yel. 
low and like thofe of the laft deferibed , but leffe. This is the After anguftifolius five fextus of 
Clufius, + 

1r_ Thereis likewife fet forth in his Pannonicke obferuation, a kind of After that hath many 
{mall hairie leaues like the common great Daifie: among which rifeth yp an hairy ftalke ofa foot 
high,hauing at the top faire blew floures inclining to purple, with their middle yellow,which turn 
(inthe time of feeding) intoa woolliedowne, that flieth away withthe winde. The whole plane 
hath a drying,binding,and bittertafte. The root is threddie like the common Daific, or that of 
Scabious. + This is 4pper Alpinus caruleo flore,five 7.0£ Clufius, + 


3 After montanus lore amplo, 4 After hirfutus, £ 5 Afler ConyRoides Gefneri, 
© Mountaine Starwoort. Hairie Srarwoort. Fleabane Starrewoort, 


* 


SS 


ae = 


Sf2 


. 4.88 OF the Hiftory of Phanest Lis. 2. 


£7 After luteus foliis Succife, 
Scabious leaued Starwoort, 


YS [PS 
er Auftriacus, 5 Cluf: 
Sallow leaued Starwoort: 5 


SS =e 
$8 After Salicis folio. £94 
Willow leaued Starwoort. 


} 1a There 


PORE EOE SLR eT Ray Te a 

‘Jo ves 2 Of the Hittorie of Plants, 489 

£ 12 Thereare kept inthe Gardens of M*. Tradefcant, Mi’. Tuecye,and others, tivo Starre- 
woorts different much froin all thefe formerly mentioned : the frit of them is to bee efteémed for 
that it floures inO Gober and Nouemberwhenas few other floures are to be found : the ido is 
largeand liuingwhich fends vp many {mall ftalks fome two cubits high,wooddy,flender, viet ide, 
hollow,and towards the top they are divided into aboundance of {mall twigSie branches : the 
leaues that grow alternately vpon the ftalkes,are [ong narrow and fharpe pointed, hauing foure or 
fixe fearce difcernable nicks on their edges: the floures which plentifinlly grow on fimall branches 
much after the manner of thofe of Vize#aurea,confift of tweluewhite ieaties fet in a ring, with ma- 
ny threds intheir middles; which being young are yellow, but becomming elder and larger they 
are of areddith colour, and at Jength turne into downe. Ihaue thought fit to call this plant, not 
yet deferibed by any that I know of,being reported tobea Virginian,by the name of After Vigini. 
anus fruticofus, Shrubbie Starwoort. : 

13. This which in gardens floures (ome moneth before the former,growes not fo high,neither 
are the ftalkes fo straight, but often crooked,yet are they diuided into many branches which beare 
{mall blewith floures like thofe of the former: the leaues are longith and narrow. This alfois faid 
to haue come from Canada or Virginia ; and it may be called After fruticofus minor,Small fhrubby 


Starwoort. £ 


$10 Afer 6.Clufij. + rr After 7.Clufy. 
Narrow leaued Starwoort. Dwarfe Dafieleaued Starwoort; 


The Place. 

The kindes of Starwoort grow vpon Padi and hillie places,and fometimes in woods and 
medowes lying by riuers fides, 

The two firltkindes doe grow vpon Hampftead heath foure miles from London, in Kentvpon 
Southfleet Downes, and in many other fuch downie places. £ I could neuer yet findenor heareof 
any of thefe Starfloures to grow wilde in this kingdome,but haue often feene the Italian Starwort 
growing in gardens. Thefe two kindes thatour Authour mentions to grow on Hampftead heath 
and in Kent,are no other than two Hierasia, ot Hauke-weedes, which are .muchdiffering from 
thefe, + e 
Lhe G The Time, 

They floure from Iuly to the endof Augutt. 
E Sifts q The 


A 


B 


Ss 


499 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Is vies ah 


@ The Names. 
This herbe is called in Grecke ¢ siaaunse » and alfo eecwnm:in Latine, After Aiticus,Butoninmard In- 
guinalis : of fome,A sterion, Afterifcon, and Hyophthalmon : in high Dutch, Qpeger kraut sin Spa- 


nith,Bobas : in French, Efirilleand Ajper goutte menne : in Englifh,Staiwoort and Sharewcort. 
q The Nature. 
It is ofa meane temperature in cooling and drying. Galen {aith it doth moderately wafte and 
confume, efpecially while it is yet foft and new gathered, 
That with the blew floure or purple,is thought to be that,which is.of ¥ ized! called flos Amellys « 
ofwhich he maketh mention in the fourth booke of his Georgickes, 


Eft etiam flos in pratis, cui nomen Amello 
Fecere agricole + facilis quarentibus herba » 

Nameque vnoingentemtollit de cefpite fylvam : 
Aureus ipfe, fedin folijs, qua plurima circum 

Fundunrur,viole fublucet purpura nigre, 


In Englith thus. 


In Meades there is a floure Amello nam’d, 
By him that feekes it eafie to be found, 
For that it feemes by many branches fram’d 
Into a little Wood: like gold the ground 
Thereof appeares,but leaues that it befet 
Shine in the colour of the Violet. 


@ The Vertues. 

The leaues of After or Inguinalis tamped,and applied vnto botches,impofthumes,and venereous 
bubones(which for the moit part happen in Inguine,that is, the flanke or fhare) doth mightily ma- 
turate and fuppurate them, whereof this herbe 4/fer tooke the name Inguinal. 

Ithelpeth and preuaileth againft the inflammation of the findament, and the falling forth of 
the gut called Saccus ventris. 

The floures are good to be giuen vnto children againft the Squinancie,and the falling ficknes. 

} That figure which formerly was in the fecond place vnder the title of sfter Asticus, was of the eighth here deferibed;alfo in the third place formerly 


were thefe two figures which we here give you, whereofthe former is of4fler montanmsand the latter of + fler bisfane 5 and that which was yavicr the title of -4ffer 
birfutus in the fourth place,belongs to the ninth defcription . 


Crap. 133. Of Woade. 


| The Defcription. 
1 Cyan ot Garden Woad hath long leaues ofa blewith greene colour. The ftalk grow- 
eth two cubits high, fet about with a great number of {uch leaues as come vp firft,but 
fmaller,branching it felfe at the top into many little twigs,whereupon do grow many {mall yellow 
floures: which being paft, the feed commeth forth like little blagkifh tongues : the root is white 
and fingle. : 

2 There isawilde kinde of VVoad very like vnto the former in ftalks, leaves, and fafhion,fa- 
uing that the ftalke is teriderer, fmaller,and browner, and the leaues and little tongues narrower ; 
otherwife there is no difference betwixt them. 

@ The Place. 

The tame or garden VVoad groweth in fertile fields where it is fowne : thewilde kind growes 
where the tame kinde hath been fowne. 

@ The Time. 

They floure from Iune to September. 

q The Names. 

VVoad is called in Greeke inne: in Latine,!/até, and Glaffum : Cefar inhis fifth booke of the 
French wars faith,that all the Brittons do colour themfelues with V Voad,which giueth a blew co- 
lour :the which thing alfo P/iay in his 22. booke,chap.1. doth teftifie : in France they call it Gla- 
fiumwhich is like vnto Plantaine, wherewith the Brittifh wiues and their daughters are co- 
loured all ouer,and go naked in fome kinde of facrifices. Itis likewife called of diucrs Guadum:ot 
the Italians,Guado , aword as it feemeth, wrung out of the word Glaitwm . in Spanifh and French, 


Paftel : in Dutch, meet in Englith, VVoad,and V Vade. , 
q THe 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 4.01 


I Glaftum  fativum., 2 Glaftum filucfines 
Wilde Woade, 


Garden Woade., 


“S 900A vrAde Vo 


} 4. 
mR SS 
NSIS IN 


S ae, 
. S277 


The Nature. 
Garden Woade is dry without fharpeneffe : the wilde Woade drieth more, and is more fharpe 
and biting. 
q The Vertues. 

The decogéion of Woade drunken is good for fuch as haue any {topping or hardneffe in the A 
milt or fpleene, and is alfo good for wounds or vicers'in bodies ofa {trong conftitution,as of coun- 
trey people, and fuch as are accuftomed to great labour and hard courfe fare. 

It ferueth well to dyeand colour cloath, profitable to fome few; and hurtfull romany, B 


Cuar. 134. Of Cow-Ba/ill. 


@ The Defiription. 


I His kinde of wilde Woade hath fat long leaues like Valeriana rubra Dodoce’, or Behen 
rubrum : the ftalke is {mall and tender, hauing thereupon little purple floures confi- 
fting of foure leaues ; which being paft, there come {quare cornered huskes full of 

round blacke feed like Coleworts. The whole plant is couered ouer with aclammy fubftance like 
Bird-lime,fo that in hot weather the leaues thereofwill take flies by thewings (as Mufezpala doth) 
in fuch manner that they cannot efcape away. 

2 Ephemerum Matthioli hath long fat and large leaues like vnto Woad,but much Ieffe , among 
which rifeth vp a round ftalke a cubit high, diuiding it felfe into many branches at the top, the 
which are fet with many fmall white floures confifting of fiue leaues , which being patt, there fo! 
‘ow littleround bullets containing the feed. The root is {mall and full of fibres, 

@| The Place. : 

Cow-Bafill groweth in my garden: but Ephemerum is a ftranger as yet in England, 

«| The Time. 

They floure in May and Tune. 


4.92 Of the Biftorie of Plants. Lisi2. 


— 


I Vaccaria. 2 Ephemerum Matthioli. 


Cow-Bafill. Quicke-fading floute, 


£ @ The Names. 

tr Cow-Bafill is by Cordys called Thamecnemon : by fome, according to Gener, Lychnis & Per- 
foliatarubra : Lobel termes it Ufatis fylueftris, and Vaccaria : the laft of which names is retained by 
moft late Writers, ' 

2 .Thisby Lobelis {aid to be Ephemerum of Matthiolus ; yet I thinke a1 atthiolws his figure, 
(which was in this place formerly) was buta, counterfeit ; and fo alfo doe Columna and Banhinus 
indge of it, and Bawhinethinkes this of Lobel tobe fome kinde of Lyfimachia. 

q The Nature and Vertuces. 
I finde not any thing extant concerning the Nature and Vertues of Vaccaria or Cow-Bafill. 


Ephemerum (as Diofcorides writeth) boyled in wine, and the mouth wafhed with the decoction 
thereof taketh away the tooth-ache. 


Cuar. 135. 
Of Sefamoides, or Baftard Weld or Woade. ; 
The Defiription. 
at He great Sefamoides hath very long leaues and many,flender toward the ftalk,and broa- 


der by degrees toward the end, placed confufedly vpona thicke ftiffe ftalke: on the 

topwhereof grow little foolith or idle white floures : which being paft, there follow 

fimall feeds like vnto Canarie feed that birds are fed withall. The root is thicke, and of a wooddy 

fubftance. ; ‘ 

$ 2 This leffer Sefamoides of Salamanca, from a long liuing, white, bard,and prettie thicke 

root fends vp many little ftalks fet thicke with {mall leaues like thofe of Line; and from the mid- 

dle to the top of the ftalke grow many floures, at firft ofa geeenifh purple, and then putting forth 

yellowifh threds ; out ofthe midft of which appeare as it wete foure greene graines, which when 

the floure is fallen grow into little cods full ofa fmall blackith feed. It growes ina ftony foile vp- 
onthe hills neere Salamanca,where it foures in May,and fhortly after perfedts his feed. + 

3 Our 


Liss 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants; 493 


1 Sefamoides Salamanticum magnum, 2, Sefamoides Salamanticum parvum, 
Great baftard Woade. Small Baftard VV oade, 
Wrrreen Obites. 
@ 
oS 


3 Sefamoides parvum Matthioli. $ 3  Onr Author formerly inthe Chapter 
Bucks-horne Gum-Succorie of Chondrillafpoke (in Dodoneus his words), a- 


gainit the making of this plant a Se/amoides , for 
ofthis plant were the words of Dodoneus , which 
are thefe: Diuers (faith he) haue taken the plant 
with blew floures tobe Sefamides parvum , but 
without any reafon , for that Sefamoides hath bor- 
rowed his name from the likenefle it hathwith 
Scfamum : but this herbe is not like to Sefamum in 
any one point, and therefore I thinke it better re- 
ferred vnto the Gum Succories ; for the floures 
haue the formand colour of Gum Succory,and it 
yeeldeth the likemilky juyce. Our Authour it 
feemes was either forgetfull or ignorant of what 
he had faid ; for here hee made it one,and deferi- 
bed it meerly by the figure and his fancie. Now I 
following his traét, haue (though vafitly) put it 
here,becaufe there was no hiftorie nor figure of it 
formerly there, but both here , though falfe and 
vnperfea. . This plant hatha root fomewhat like 
that of Goatf-beard ; from which arifé leaues 
rough and hairy, diuided or cut inon both fides 
after the mannet of Bucks-horne, and larger than 
they. The ftalke is fome foot high, diuided into 
branches, which on their tops casry floures of 2 
faire blew colour like thofe of Succorie, which 
ftand in rough fealy heads like thofe of Knap- 
weed, £ 


a} The 


4.94 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


| The Place. 
Thefe do grow in rough and ftony places, butare all flrangers in England. 
G| The Time, 
Thefe floure in May and Iune, and fhortly after ripen their feed. 
£ G The Names. 

+ 1 | thinkenone of thefe tobe the Sefamoides of the Antients : The firtt is fet forth by Clufius 
vnder the name we here giue you : itis the Mu/cipula altera mnféofo flore of Lobel : Vifcago maior of 
Camerarius. 

2 This alfo Clufius and Lobel haue fet forth by the fame nameas we giue you them. 

3 Matthiolus, Camerarius, and others haue fet this forth for Sefamoides parvum «inthe Aifforia 
Lugd. it iscalled Catanance quorundam : but moh fitly by Dodon.Chondrille [pecies tertia, The third 
kinde of Gum-Succory. + ; 


q] The Temperature. 
Galen affitmeth that the feed containeth init felfe a bitter qualitie, and faith that it heateth, 
breaketh, and feoureth. 
@ TheVertues. 
A _ Diofcorides affirmeth, that the weight ofan halfe-penny of the feed drunke with Meade or honi- 
ed water purgeth flegme and choler by the ftoole. 
B The fame being applied doth wafte hard knots and {wellings. 


+ That which here formerly enioyed the third place, by the title of Seftmoides mains Scaligert, was no other than the plant that is hereafterdeferibed by the 


name of Tarton-Raire Gallo. prouincie, where you may finde both the figure and deferiptione 


Cuar.6: Of Dyers Weed. 


Luteola, Dyers weed or yellow weed, q The Defcription, 


Kes e dow pets lo 


Yers weed hath long narrow and greenith 
yellow leaues,not much vnlike to woad, 
buta great deale {maller and narrower ; 

from among which commeth vpa ftalke two 
cubits high , befet with little narrow leaues : 
euentothe top of the ftalke come forth {mall 
pale yellow floures,clofely cluftering together 
one aboue another, which doe turne into {mall 
buttons, cut as it were croffe-wifewherein the 
feed is contained. The root is very long and 
fingle. 
q The Place. 

Dyers weed groweth of it felfe in moift,bar- 
ren, and vntilled places, in and about Villages 
almoft euery where. 

q The Names. 

Pliny, lib.3 3. cap.5.maketh mention by the 
way of this herbe, and calleth it Lutea : Vitru- 
vins inhis feuenth booke, Lutum : itisthe AnAa'rh 
icarhinum of Tragus : & Pfewdoftruthinm of Ma~ 
thiolus : Virgill, in his Bucolickes,Eglog 4.cals 
italfo Lutum ; in Englifh, Welde, or Dyers 
weed. 

| The Time. 
This herbe flourifheth in lune and Iuly. 
@| The Nature. 
Itishot and dry of temperature. 


£ @ The Fertucs, 


A Theroot as alfo the whole herbe heates and dries in the third degree : it cuts, attenuates, refol- 
ucth, opens,digefts, Some alfocommend it againft the pyn@ures and bites of yenomous crea- 
tures, 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 


tures, not onely outwardly applicd to the wound, but alfo taken inwardly in drin 
Alfo it is commended againft the infection of the Plague : fome for thefe re 
viacavia; Mat. + ; 


ke. 
afOns terme it Fhe. BR 


Cua 


_ Staphis-agria, Staucs-acre, ; : G The Defcription, 
'@) 4) Lp Tec aba Ea johis “4 Moe 


Wy 


P.137. Of Stanes-acre; 


(~ Taues-acre hath ftraight ftalkes of a browne 
S colour, with leaues clouen or cut into fundry 

fections, almoft like the leaues of the wilde 
Vine. The ioures de grow vpon fhort ftems ee 
fhioned fomewhat like vnto our common Monks 
hood, ofa perfect blew colour ; which being paft, 
there fucceed welted huskes like thofe of Wolfs- 
bane, wherein is contained triangular brownifth 
rough feed. The root is of a wooddy fubftance, 
and perifheth when it hath perfected his feed, 

@ The Place, 

Itis with great difficultie preferued in our cold 
countries, albeit in fome milde VVinters I haue 
kept it couered ouer with alittle Ferne, to defend 
it from the iniury of the March winde,which doth 
more harme vato plants that come forth of hof 
Countries, than doth the greatett frofts, 

; @ The Time. 

It floureth in Iune,and the feed is ripe the fe- 
cond yeare of his fowing. 

@ The Names. 

Iris called in Greeke cusic dee: in Latine,Herba 
Pedicularis, and Peduncularia,as Marcellus reporteth, 
Pliny inhis 26 Booke,chap. 13. feemetlito name it 
VuaTaminia? of fome, Pituitaria, and Paffwla mon- 
tana: in fhops, Staphif- ria: in Spanith, Yeruapi- 
olente : in French, Herbe aux ports: - in high-Dutch, 
ens kraut s in low-Dutch, Lupterui¢ sin Eng. 
lifh, Staues-acre, Loufe-wort, and Loufe-pouder, 


q The Te mperature. 
The feeds of Staties-acre are extreame hot, almoft in the fourth degree,ofa biting and burning 
qualitie 
°@ The¥ertues. 
Fiftcene feeds of Staues-acre taken with Honied wate t, will caufe one to vomit groffe feeme A 
and flimie matter, but with great violence , and therefore thofe that haue taken them ought to 
walkewithout ftaying,and to drinke honied water,becaufe it bringerh da nger of choking and bur- 
ning the throat, as Diofcorides noteth. And for this caufe they are reiected,and not vfed of thé phy- 
fitions, either in prouoking vomit, or elf in mi xing them with other inward medicines. ; 
The feed mingled with oyle or greafe,driueth away lice ftom the head, beard,and all other parts B 
of the body, and cureth all fcuruy itch and manginefle, 
The fame boyled in Vineger, and holdenin the mouth,affwageth the tooth-ache, (& 
The fame chewed in the mouth draweth forth much moifture from the headyand cleanfeth the D 
braine, efpecially ifa little of the root of Pellirorie of Spaine be added thereto. 
The fame tempered with vineger is good tobe rubbed vpon Joufie apparell,todeftroy anddriue 5 
away Lice. 
The feeds hereof ate perillous to be taken inwardly without good aduice, and corre@ion of the E 
fame : and therefore I aduife the ignorant not to be ouer-bold to meddle with it, fith itis fo dan- 
gerous that many times death enfueth vponthe taking of it, ~ 


@) 
: 
3 


iy 


a See oS 


< == 


496 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lizz. 


Cuar. 38. Of Palma Chrifti. 


@ The D ofeription. 


i Icinus, PalmaChrifi7,or Kik hatha great round hollow ftalke fiue cubits high, of a 
browne colour, died with a blewith purplevpon greene. The leaues are great and 
large, parted into fundry feétions or diuifions, fafhioned like the leaues ofa fig-tree, 

but greater, {pred or wide open like the hand of a man; and hath towatd the top.a bunch-of Houres 
cluttering together like a bunch of grapes, whereof the loweft are of a pale yellow'colonr, and wi- 
ther away without bearing any fruit; and the vppermoft ate reddith, bringing forth three cornered 
huskes which containe feed as big as a kidney beane,of the colour and fhape of a certaine vermine 
which haunteth cattell, called a Tik. 

2 This Palma Chrafli of America growes vp to the height and bigneffe of a fmall tree or hedge 

fhrub, of awooddy fubftance, whofe fruit is exprefled by the figure, being of the bignes of a great 
beane, fomewhat long, and of a blackith colour, rough and fealy. ; 


1 Ricinus. 2 Ritinus Americanus, ' 
Palma Chrifti, Palma Chriftiof America,. 


Vy 
Wy 


@ The Place. 
The firt kinde of Ricinus or Palma Chrifti groweth in my garden, and in many other gardens 
hikewife. 
| The Time. 
Ricinus ox Kik is fovrne in Aprill,and the feed is ripe inthe end of Auguft. 


@ The Name, and canfethereof. 


ws (whereof mention is made in the fourth chapter and fixtverfe of the prophecie of Zonas) 
: EG was 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. AO7 


was called of the Talmuditts, >> Kk, for in the Talmud we reade thus; =»! owas Helo efchemer 
Xvk : thatis, in Englith,And not with the oile of xik:which oile is called in the Arabian tongue, 
Alkerua,as Rabbi Samuel the fonne of Hophni teftificth. Moreouer, a certaine Rab bine moveth a 
queftion, faying, what is Kzk ? Hereunto Refih Lachifh maketh anfwer in Ghemara, faying, Kik is 
nothing elfe but Zovas his Kikaijon. And that this is true, tt appeareth by that name xia: which 
the ancient Greeke Phyfitions, and the Agiptians vfed , which Grecke word commeth of the 
Hebrew word kik. Hereby it appeareth, that the old writers long agoe called this plant by the 
true and proper name. But the old Latine writers knew it by the name Cucurbita, which euidently 
is manifefted by an hiftory which Saint 4ugu/fine recordeth in his Epiftle to Saint /erome,where 
in effe& hewriteth thus , That name Kikaijon is of {mall moment, yet fo fimalla matter canfed 4 
great tumult in Africa. For ona timea certaine Bithop hauing an occafion to intreat of this 
whichis mentioned inthe fourth chapter of Zonas his prophecie (in a collation or fermon, which 
he made in his cathedral church or place of affembly) faid, that this plant was called Cucurbita, 
a Gourde, becaufe itencreafed vnto fo great a quantitie, in fo fhorta {pace, or elfe (faith he) it is 
called Hedera. Vpon the nouelty and vntruth of this his do&trine, the people were sreatly offen- 
ded, and thereof fuddenly arofe a tumult and burly burly ; fo that the Bifhop was intorced to goe 
to the Iewes,to aske their iudgmentas touching the name of this plant. And when he had recei- 
ued of them the true name, which was Kzkagon : he made his Open recantation, and confeffed his 
error,& was iuftly aceufed for a falfifier of the holy fcripture. + The Grecks called this plantalfo 
xeyrays 7, Ricinusby reafon of the fimilitude that the feed hath with that infeé,to wit, a Tik. + 
| The Nature. 
The feed of Palma Chrifti,or rather Kk, is hot and dry in the third degree. 
The Vertues, 

Riciaus his feed taken inwardly, openeth the belly, and caufeth vomit, drawing flimy flegme 
and choler from the places poffeffed therewith. 

The broth of the meate fupped vp,wherin the feed hath been fodden,is good for the collicke and 
the gout, and againft the paine in the hips ealled Sciatica: it preuaileth alfoagain{t the jaundife 
and dropfie. 

The oile that is made or drawne from the {eed is called Olewm Cicinum : in fhops it is called 
Oleum de Cherua : itheateth and drieth,as was {aid before, and is good to anoint and rub al! rough 
hardneffe and fcuruineffe gotten by itch. 

This oile,as Rabbi D anid Chimchi writeth, is good againft extreme coldneffe of the body. 


Cuar. 49. Of Spurge. 
q The Defcription. 


I He firft kinde of Sea Spurge rifeth forth of the fands,or baich of the fea,with fundry 

teddith ftems or ftalkes growing vpon one fingle roote, of a wooddy fubftance: and 

; the ftalkes are befet with {mall,fat, and narrow leaues like vnto the leaues of Flaxe, 

The floures are yellowifhyand grow out of little difhes or faucers like the common kinde of 
Spurge. After the floures come triangle feeds,as in the other Tithymales, 

2 The fecond kinde(called H eliofcopius.or Solifequius:and in Englith,according to his Greek 
name,Sunne Sputge,or time Tithymale, of turning or keeping time with the funne) hath findry 
reddith ftalkes ofa foot high : the leaues are like vnto Purflane, not {6 great nor thicke, but fnipt 
about the edges : the floures are yellowith,and growing in litcle platters, 

3 Thethird kinde hath thicke,fat, and flender branches trailing vpon the ground, befet with 
leaues like Knee-holme, or the great Myrtle tree. The feed and floures are like vnto the other of 
his kinde. 

4 The fourth is tike the !att before mentioned, but it is altogether leffer, and the leaues are 
narrower, it groweth more vpright, otherwife alike. 

5 Cypres Tithymale hath round reddith ftalkes a foot high, Jong and narrow like thofe of 
Flaxe, and growing bufhie, thicke together like as thofe of the Cypres tree. The floures, feed, 
and root, are like the former,fometimes yellow, oftentimes red. 

6 The fixt is like the former, in floures, ftalkes, rootes, and {eedes, and differeth in thar, 
this kinde hath leaues narrower, and much fmaller, growing after the fafhion of thofe of the Pine 
tree, otherwife it is like, 

7 ‘There is another kinde that groweth to the height of a man; the ftalke is like th< 

Fe men 


ra 
* la *% 


QD 


———— oo 


498 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2 | 


1 Tithymalus paralins. 22Tithymalus Heliofcopius. 
Sea Spure : S S ; 
Coup h ca ppun BeOp nae, Oo. Cpe gp ka Si Coe Lou 
Mie = 1 Tal Opes i M: 
Nie 


3: Tithymalus Myrtifolins latifoling. FAL 00s 4 Tithymalus Myrfinitis anguftifolins, 
Broad leaued Myrtle Spurge. Narrow leaued myrtle Spurge, 


Ry 


= ~ S a yp 
Gi I AN 
>> NO oS 


Linz Of the Hiftoric of Plants. 43 499 


6 Tithymalus Pincus. 
ine S urge, had 
pr Pinefeateee 20, 


OVOLOLU 
S aa 


5 Tithynsalus CupreSinus ic 
Cyprefle Spurge, ; 
i Cipard$ sf ros ’ 


e 


t 7 Tithymalus Myr finitis arborefcens: 8 heoranles Coe achat Monel. 
Tree Myrtle Spurge, ©. .., Sweet woo Spurge. VL. 


4p treo OO 


My Oi 


yee Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Leia. ra 


+ ithyma rattas Amyo / 0 rj gs 
t 9 Fs i Mote Penis paddietain $ 10 Tithymalas Characias arg nflifolius. 
nfauorie WVood-fpur. art pur 
auorie VV ood-{purge. Narrow leaued VV 00d-{purge. 
pure 


£ 11 Tithymalus Characias ferratifolins. 
Cut leaued VW ood-{purge. 


Of the Hiftory of Plants, set 


Lis. 2. 


seid Seas acs ee 
mentioned, but diuided into fundry branches a finger thicke,and fomewhat hairy, norred as the - 
others, but white : the leaues be jong and narrow, whitith,and a little downy’: the floures are yel. 
Jow,but in other points like to thereft of this kinde, 

8 The cighthkinde rifeth vp with oneround reddith ftalke two cubits high, fet about with 
long thin and broad Ieanes like the leaues of the Almond tree : the floures come forth atthe top 
like the others, and ofa yellow colour. The feed and root refemble the other of his kinde. 

9 Theninth (which is the common kinde growing in moft woods) is like the former,but his 
leaues be fhorterand leffe,yer like to the leaues of an Almond tree: the floures are alfo yellow , 
and the feed contained in three cornered feed-veflels, 

+ 10 This fourth kinde of Tithymalus Characias, or Valley Tithymale (forfo the name im- 
ports) hath long, yet fomewhat narrower Ieaues than the former, whitith alfo, yet not hoary ; the 
vmbels or tufts of floures are ofa greenifh yellow,which before they be opened do reprefent the 
fhape ofa longifh fruit,as an Almond.yet in colour it is like she rett of the leaues : the floures and 
feeds are like thofe ofthe former, and the root defcends deep - into the ground. 

tr The firth Characias hath alfo long leaues fharpe peinted, and broader at their fetting on, 
and of a light greene colour, and {nipt or cut about the edges like the teeth of a faw. The wmbels 
are {maller, yet carry fuch floures and feeds as the former, Ff 

12 This kinde hath great broad leaues like the yong leaues of Woad, fet round about a ftalk 
of a foot high, in good order :on the top whereof grow the floures in fmall platters like the com- 
mon kinde, ofa yellow colour declining to purple. Thewhole plant is full of milke, as areall the 
reft before fpecified. ° 


. 
£ 13 Tithymalus Dendroides ex Cod.C £[4reo. 14 Efulamaior G ermanica. 
Great Tree Tithymal, Quackfalucrs Turbith. 


13 There is another kinde of Tithymale, whofe figurewas taken forth ofa Manufcript of the 
Emperors by Dodoneus, that hatha ftalke ofthe bigneffe ofa mans thigh, growing like a tree vnto 
the height of two tall men, diuiding it felfe into fundry armes orbranches toward the top, of a red 
colour, The leaues are {mall anid tender,much likevnto the leaues of Myrtus : the feed is likevnto 
that ofwood Tithymale, or Characias,according to the authority of Perer Bellone, 3 

14 ‘There is akindeof Tithymale called Efila maior, which wttartinus Rulandus had in great 


Tr3 veneration, 


502 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisea. 


in his bookes entituled Cenr ationnim Empiricarum, dedicated vnto the duke of Bauaria. This 
plant of Rulandus hath very gi nd many roots couered ouer with a thicke barke, plaited as it 
were with many furculous {p rom which arife fundry-ftrong and large ftemmes of a fingers 
thicknefle, inheight two cu ‘et with many pretty large and long Ieaues like Lathyris, but 
that they are not fo thicke: the! nd floure are not vnlike the other T ithymales. 

1g This is like the fitt! that it hath fmaller and more feeble branches ; and the whole 
plant is altogether lefler, growing but fome {pan or foot high ; and the floures are ofared or elfea 
greene colour. 


16 There is another rave ante ftrange kinde of E/ula, inalliance and likeneffe neere vnto Efile 
minor, that is the {mall Efidaor Pityufa vied among the Phyfitions and Apothecaries of Venice as 
akind of £fu/a, in the Confection of their Bexediéfa and Catharticke pills, in ftead of the true Z/z- 
ta: Ityeeldeth a fungous, rough, and browne ftalke two cubits high, diuiding it felfe into fundry 
branches, furnifhed with ftiffeand fat leaues like Licorice, growing together by couples. The 
floures are pendulous, hanging downe their heads like {mall bells, of a purple colour, and within 
they are ofa darke colour like Ariftolochia rotunda. 


Tis Efula minor, fin Pityufa. $ 16 Efula Veneta maritima, 
Small Efula, Venetian Sea-Spurge. 


= 17  Theregrowes in many chalkie grounds and {uch dry hilly places,among corme,a fmall 
Spurge which feldome growes to two handfuls high ; the root is fmall, and fuch alfo are the ftalks 
and leaues,which grow pretty thicke thereon; which oft times are not fharpe, but flat pointed : 
the feed-veffels and floures are very fmmall, yet fafhioned like thofeof the other Tithymales, It is 
to be found incorne fields in Iuly and Auguft. + 

18 The bigger Cataputia or the common garden Spurge is beft knowne of all the reft,and moft 
vfed ; wherefore I will not {pend time about his defcription. 

The {mall kinde of Cataputia is like vnto the former, but lefler, whereby it may eafily be diftin- 
guithed ; being likewife fo well knowne ynto all, that I fhall not need todeferibé it. 

+ Thefe two (I meane the biggerand lefler Cataputia of our Author) differ not but by reafon 
of their age, and the fertileneffe and barrenneffe of the foile,whence the leaues are fomtime broa- 
der, and otherwhiles narrower + 


TL 
Ig ihe 


Lape. | OF the Hiftory of AP heirs’ ‘B 


£17 Efilaexigua Traci. 18» Lathyr; 
Dwarfe Efula, Garden 


19 Peplus, five Efula rotunda; 20 Peplis. 
Pettie Spurge, lo Tfope Spurge. 
cede Pop Cis. ‘erp 5 a < f2 AS, 
Ep: Ah, hay 


504. Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2 


21 Chameafyce. 22 Apios vera. 
Spurge Tinie. Knobbed Spurge. 


a 


i 
“i 
{ 
i 


£23 <Apios radice oblonga, 
Long knottie rooted Spurge? 


19 The fifteenth kinde called Peplus, 
hath a fmall, and fibrous root, bringing 
forth many fruitfullbranches two hand- 
fuls long, but Jittle and tender, with leaues 
like the Sun Tithymale, but rounder and 
much fmaller: it hathalfo fimall yellow 
floures : which being paft there appeareth 
a {lender pouchet,three cornered like the 
other Tithymales,hauing within ita very 
medullous whitifh feed like Poppie, the 
whole plant yeelding a milky inice,which 
argueth ittobe akinde of Tithymale. 

20 Asinname fo in hape this twen- 
tieth refembleth Pep/ys,and commeth in 
likelihood neerer the fignification of Pe- 
plum,or Flammeolum than the other; there- 
fore Diofcorides affirmeth ittobe Thamnos 
ampbilapbes, for that it bringeth foorth a 
greater plentie of branches, more clofely 
knit and wound together, with fhining , 
twifts and clafpersan handfull and a halfe 
long. The leaues are leffer than thofe of 
Peplus,of an indifferent likeneffe and re- 
femblance betweene Chamefyce and wilde 
Purflane. The feed is great,and likethat of 
Peplus:the root is {mall and fingle. 

_ 2: Theoneand twentieth kinde may 

beeafily knowne from the two laft before 

mentioned, although they be verie like. i 
hath 


Li Bob Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


hath many branches and leaues creeping onthe ground of a pale greene colour, not 
niaria, but giuing milke as all the other Tithymales doe, bearing the like feed, pouch and flouires 
but {maller in each-refpect: : ; 

22 Thetwo and twentieth kinde of Tithymale hath around root like a {mall Turhep,as eue ry 
Authour doth report: yet my felfe haue the fame plant in my garden which doth greatly increafe, 
of which I haue giuen diuers vato my friends,whereby I haue often viewed the roots,which do ap. 
peare vnto me fomewhat tubcrous,and therein nothing anfwering the defcriptions which Diofcor:. 
des ,Pena,and others haue exprefled and fer forth. This argueth,that either they were deceiuedand 
defcribedthe fame by heare-fay, or elfe the plant doth degenerate being brought ftom his native 
foile. The leaues are fet all along{t a {mall rib like Fraxinella, fomewhat round, grecne aboue,and 
reddifh vnderneath. The feed groweth among the leaves like the feed of Peplzs, Thewhole plantis 
full of milke like the other Tithymales. 

+ Our Authour here wrongfully taxes other Writers of plants, & Diofcorides &¢ Peni by name; 
which fhewes that hecither neuer read, or elfe vnderftood not what they writ, for neither of them 
(nor any other that I know of) refembles the toot of this toa Turnep,but fay it hath a tuberous 
peare fafhioned root, 8¢¢.as you may fee in Diofc. lib.4, C4 *177-and in the Aduerfariapaz.r.04.Tha 
leaues alfo grow not by couples one againft another,as in Fraxinella, but rather alcernately,or elfe 
withoutany certaine order, as in other Tithymales. + 

+ 23° This,faith Clifius hath alfoa rubcrous root,bur not peare fafhioned like as the former; 
but almoft cuery where of an equall thickneffe , beeing about an inch and fom times two inches 
long, and the lower part thereof is diuided into foure other roots,or thicke fibers S,growing {mal- 
ter by little and little, and fending forth fome few fibers : it is blacke without,and white within, & 
full of a milkie iuice : the ftalkes are fhortand weake, fet with little leaues like thofe of rl 
mer : the floures are ofa yellowith red colotir, and the feede is contained in fuch veffels as 
ther Tithymales. This is Tithymalus tuberofusor I{chas altera of Clufius.+ 

The Place. 

The firft kinde of Spurge groweth by the Sea fide vpon the rowling Sand and Baich, as at Lee 
inEffex, at Lang-tree point rightagainft Harwich, at Whitfable in Kent, and in many other 
places. ; d 

The fecond groweth in grounds that liewafte, and in barren earable foile, almoft euery where, 

The third and fourth, as alfothe foureteenthand eighteenth,crow in gardens, but notwilde in 
England. 

The ninth Spurge called Characias groweth in moft VVoods of England that are drie and 
watme. 

The eighteenth and nineteenth grow in {alt marfhes neete the fea,as in the ile of Thanet by the 
fea fide, betwixt Reculvers and Margate in great plentie. 

F 7 q The Times 

Thefe plants floure from Iune to the end of Luly. 

@ The Names, 

Sea Spurge is called in Latine Tithymalys paralius : inSpanith, Leche trefta : in high Dutch, 
Moller intleh, that is to fay Lupinum lac; or Wolfes milke. Wood Spurge is called 7 ithymalus 
characias. The firtt is called in Englith Sea Spurge,or Sea VVartwoort, The fecond,Sun Spurge; 
the third and fourth, Mittle Spurge : the fifth Cyprefle Spurge; or among women,VVelcome to 
ourhoute ; the fixth Pine Spurge, the feuenth fhrub Spurge,and tree Mirtle Spurge ; the eighth 
and.ninth V Vood Spurge ; the twelfth Broad leafed Spurge: the thirteenth Great Tree Spurge: 
the foureteenth and fifteenth Quackfaluers Spurge ; the fixteenth Venice Spurge,the feuentcenth 
Dwarfe Spurge ; the eighteenth common Spurge ; the nineteenth and twentieth Petie Spurge ; 
theone and twentieth Spurge Fime : The two and twentieth, True —4pios or the knobbed 
S purge. 


505 


vnlike to Her 


1¢ for- 
the o- 


G The Temperature. 

Allthe kinds of Tithymales or Spurges are hot and driealmoft in the fourth degrec,ofa tharp A 
and biting qualitie, fretting or confuming. Firft the milke and fap is in {peciall vfethen the fruit 
and leaues,but the root is of leaft ftrength.The ftrongeft kinde of Tithymale,and of greatett force 
isthatof the fea, 

Some write by report of others,that it inflameth ex¢cedingly but my felfe {peak by experience; B 
for walking along the fea coaft at Lee in Effex, with a Gentleman called Mr. Rich,dwelling in the 
fame towne, I tooke but one drop of it intomy mouth; which neuerthelefle did fo inflame and 
fwell in my throte that I hardly efcapedwith my life. And in like cafe was the gentleman,which 
caufed vs to take our horfes, and pofte for our liues vnto the next farme houfe to drinke fome milk 
fo quench the extremitic of our heate,which then ceafed, 5 

@ The 


506 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lie.2. 


| The Vertues. 

A The iuice of Tithymale,l do not meane fea Tithymale,is a {trong medicine to open the belli, 
and caufing vomite, bringeth vp tough flegme and cholericke humours. Likevertue is in the feed 
and root,which is good for fuch as fall into the drop fie, being miniftred with difcretion and good 
aduice of fomeexcellent Phy fition,and prepared with his Correétories by fome honeft Apothe- 
catie, 

B _ The iuice mixed with honie,caufeth haire to fall from that place which is anointed therewith, 
ifitbe done in the Sun. ‘ 

C The iuiceor milke is good to ftop hollow teeth, being put into them warily,fothat you touch 
neither the gums,nor any of the other teeth in the mouth wath the faid medicine. 

D The fame curethall roughneffe of the skin, manginefle, ¢prie, feurfeand running feabs,and the 
white fcurfe of the head. Ittaketh away al] manner of warts,knobs,and the hard calloufneffe of Fi- 
ftulaes,hot fwellings and Carbuncles. 

Itkilleth fith, being mixed with any thing that they will eat. 

Thefe herbes by mine aduife would not be recciued into the bodie,confidering that there be fo 
many other good and wholefome potions to be made with other herbes,that may bee taken with- 
out perill. ‘ 


nt patel 


t The feuenth figurewas formerly of Tithymalus myrfinites 3.angu(tifalins of Tabemamontané: The 8.and pwere both of the fame plant:the 12.was the figure of 
the Eftla exigus Tragi,whofe hiforie I haue given you inthe 17-place. 


Cuap. 140, Of Herbe Terrible. 


x Alypum montis Ceti. 2 Taérton-R aire Gallo-Pronincia, 
Herbe Terrible. Gutwoort. 


@| The Defcription. 


I Erbe Terrible is a fmall 
fhrub two or three cubits 
’ high, bran ched with ma- 
ny {naall twigges,hauing athin rinde 
firftbrowne, then purple, with many 
little and thinne leaues like Myrtle. 
‘ The floures are rough like the middle 
of Scabious floures, of a blew purple 
colour, The root is two fingers thicke, browne of colour, and of a wooddie fubftance : the whole 
plant very bitter,and ofan vnpleafant tafte like Chamelea,yea fomewhat ftronger. 
2 Tartonraire, called in Englith Gutwoort, groweth by the fea, andis Catharticall,and a 
ftrangerwith vs. In the mother tongue of the Maffilians,it is called Tartonraire,of that gaan 
an 


© aloe de Of the Hiftory of Plants. 507 


and vnbridled facuitie of purging, which many times doth caufe Dyfenterie,and {uch like immo- 
derate fiuxes,efpecially when one not skilfull inthe vfe thereof thall adminifger ¢he pouder of the 
leaues,mixed withany liquor. This plant groweth inmannerof a fhrub, like ¢ha t,and brin. 
geth forch many fmal,tough,and pliant twigs, fet aboutwith a thinand cottony hairineffe,& hath 
many leaues of a gliftering filuer colour,srowing fromthe loweft part euen to rhe top, altogether 
like Adypirm before mentioned :and vpon thefe tough and thick branches (ifmy memory faile not) 
do grow fimall floures, firft white,afterward ofa pale yellow:the feed is ofa ruffet colour: theroot 
hard and wooddy,not very hot in the mouth, leauing vpon the tongue fome of his inbred heat and 
tafte, f{omewhat refembling common Turbith,and altogether withour milke. 
.  G The Place. i 

Thefe plants do grow vpon.the mountains in France,and other places in the grauelly grounds, 

and areas yet ftrangers in England. 


The Time, 

They flourithin Auguftand September. + The firlt Clufivs found flouring in diuers patts of 
Spaine,in Februarie and March, and I conieéture the other floures about the {ame time, yetI can 
finde nothing faid thereof in fuch as hauedeliuered the hiftorie of it. $ 

@ The Names. 

There are not any other names appropriate to thefe plants more than are fet forth in the titles, 

+ The firt ofthefe is the Alypum montis Ceti,8< Herba terribilis of Lobels Cluf-calls it Hippozloffum 
Valentinum, 8 in Hift. Lugd.itis named Alypum Pene,8c Empetrum Phacoides.The fecond is the Tar- 
tonraire Galloprouincie Ma{filienfium,.in the Aduerfaria,S cfamoides mains multorum of Dalefc.8¢ the $ 6fa- 
moides mains Scalegeri of Tabern.by which title our Author alfo gaue his figure,in the 397~ pag. of 
the former Edition. £ 

ay The Temperature and Vertues. : 
There is nothing either of their nature or vertues,more than is fet forth in the Defcriptions. 
¢ Both thefe plants hauea {trong purging faculty like as the Tithymales, but the latter is far 
more powerfull, and comes neere tothe qualitie of CMeXercon,wherefore the vie of it is dangerous, 
by rea(on of the violence and great heat thereof. ¢ 


Cua rv. 141. Of Herbe eAloe,or Sea Honfleeke. 


Er Aloevulgaris, (ive Sempervinum marinus 2 Aloe folio mucronato. 
Common Ale, or Sea-Houflecke, Prickly herbe Aloe,or Sea Houflecke, 


i 
y Vi if Lh 
ms 


q The 


f 
hi 
| 
Ht 
Ay 
eh | 
bh 
' iT 


508 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Ii Bede 


The Defcription. 
I NO hak Alloehath leaues like thofe of fea Onion, very long,broad,fmooth, thick, ben- 
ding backewards, notched in the edges, fet with certaine little blunt prickles, full of 
tough and clammie iuice like the leaues of Houfleeke. The ftalke,as D sofcortdes faith,is like tothe 
ftatke of Affodill: the floure is whitith; the feed like that of A ffodill, the root is fing e,of the fa- 
fhion ofa thicke pile thruft into the ground. The whole herbe is extreme bitter, fo is the iuice al- 
fo that is gathered thereof. ' 

+ 2  Thereisanother herbe Aloe that groweth likewife in diuers prouinces of America; the 
leaues are two cubits long,alfo thicker, broader.greater, and fharper pointed than the former, and 
it hath onthe edges far harder prickles. The ftalke is three cubits high, anda finger thicke, the 
which in long cups beares violet coloured floures. t+ 

q@ The Place. 

This plant gtoweth very plentifully in India,and in Arabia,C celofyria,& Egypt,from whence 
the inice put into skins is brought into Europe. It groweth alfo, as Dzofcordes writeth,in A fia,on 
the fea coafts,and in Andros, but not verie fit for iuice to be drawne out. Itis likewife found in A - 
pulia,and in diuers places of Granado and Andalufia,in Spaine, but not far from the fea : the iuice 
ofthis is alfo vnprofitable, 


Gg The Time, 

Theherbe is alwaies greene, and likewife fendeth forth branches, though it remaine out of the 
earth, efpecially if the root be couered with lome,and now and then watered : for fo being hanged 
on the feelings and vpper pofts of dining roomes, it doth not onely continue a long time greene, 
but it alfo groweth and bringeth forth new leaues : for it muft haue a warme place in winter time, 
by teafon it pineth away if it be frozen. 

@ The Names. 

The herbe is called in Greeke ¢wi: in Latine,and in fhops alfo, Aloe : and fo is likewife the iuice, 
The plant alfo is named sepisse, iplyour, sium, aeagantper : but they are baftard words: it is called eusit+r be-~ 
caufe it liueth not onely inthe earth, butalfo out of the earth. Itis named in French, Poroguet : 
in Spanith, AZewar,and Yerwa bauofa: in Englith, Alves ; herbe A loes, Sea Houfelecke, Sea Ai- 
grene. 

The hearbe is called of the latter Herbarifts oftentimes Semperviaum and Sempervinum Mari- 
num, becaufe it lafteth long after the manner of Houfe-leeke. It feemeth alfo that Columella in 
his tenth booke nameth it Sedvix, where he fetteth downe remedies againft the canket-wormes in 


tices, ‘ 


; 
Profuit cy plantis latices infundere amaros 
Marruby yaultoque Sedi contingere fucco. 


In Englifh thus: 


Liquours of Horehound ptofit much b’ing pour’d on trees : 
The fame effe@ Sea Houflecke works as well as thefe. 


Forhe reciteth the inice of Sedum or Houfeleeke among the bitter iuices, and there is none of 
the Houfleekes bitter but this. 


The Temperatuy, 
Alpé,that is to fay, the iuice which is vfed in Phy ite, is good for many things. Itis hot,and 
that in the firft or fecond degree,but drie in the third,extreme bitter,yet without biting. It is alfo 
of anemplaifticke or clammie qualitie, and fomething binding,externally applied. 


The Vertues. 

A Itpurgeththe belly,and is withall a wholefome and conuenient medicine for the ftomacke,if 
any atall bee wholefome. For as Paulus Aegineta writeth,when all purging medicines are hurefull — 
tothe ftomacke, Aloés onely is comfortable. And it purgeth more effectually if it be not wafhed: 
and if it be,irthen ftrengtheneth the ftomacke the more. 

It bringeth forth choler, but efpecially it purgeth fuch excrements as be in the ftomacke, the 
firft veines,and in the neereft paflages. For it ts of the number of thofe medicines which the Gre- 
cians call tsacoermet,of the voiding away of the Ordure;and of fuch whofe purging force paffeth not 
far beyond the ftomacke. Furthermore Alvés is an enemie to all kindes of putrefadlions;and defen- 


deth the body from all manner of corruption. It alfo preferueth dead cavkafes from putrifying; 
it 


“Lis2  Ofthe Hiftorie of Plans, 


FO9 


it killeth and purgeth away all mannet of wormhes of the belly.It is good againft a ftinking breath 
proceeding from the imperfection of the ftomacke : it openeth the piles ot hemorrhoides of the 
tundament;and being taken ina {mall quantity,ic bringeth down the monthly coutfe:it is thought 

to be good and profitable againft obftructions and ftoppings in thereftof the intrals. Yet fome 
there be who thinke,that it is not conuenient for the liner. 

One dramme thercof giuen,is {ufficient to purge. Now and then halfe a dramme or little more @ 
is enough. 

Ithealeth vp gteenewounds and deepe fores, clenfeth vicers,and cureth fuch fores as ate hard- D 
ly to bee helped,efpecially in the fundament and fecret parts.It is with good fuccefle mixed with 
éwives, Ot medicines which ftanch bleeding, and with plaifters that be applied to bloudy wounds. 
for it helpeth them by reafon of his emplaifticke qualitie and fubftance. It is profitably put into 
medicines for the cies forafmuch as jt clenfeth and drieth without biting. 

Diofcorides faith, that it muft be torrified or parched at the fire, in a cleane and red hot veflell; E 
and continually ftirred with a Spatula,orIron Ladle, till it bee torrified in all the patts alike ; 
and that it muft alfo bee wafhed, to the end that the vnprofitable and fandie droffe may 
finke downe vhto the bortome, and that which is fmooth and mott perfect bee takenand te- 
ferued. 

The fame Authour alfoteacheth, that mixed with honie it taketh away blacke and blew fpots, F , 
which come of ftripes : that it helpeth the inward ruggedneffe of the ey¢-lids,and itching in the 
corners of the eies : it remedieth the head-ache,if the temples and forehead bee annointed there. 
with,being mixed with vineger and oile of Rofes : being tempered with wine, ftaieth the falling 
offof thehaire, if the head be wafhed therewith: and mixed with wine and honie, it is a temedic 
for the fivelling of the Vuula,and fwelling of the Almonds of the throte,for the gumis & all vIcers 
of the mouth. 

The iuice of this hetbe Alve : (whereof is made that excellent and moft familiar purger, called G 
Aloe Succotrina, the beft is that which is cleere and fhining,ofa browne yellowith colour) it Ope- 
neth the bellie, purging cold, flegmaticke,and choltricke humours,efpecially in thofe bodies that 
are furcharged with furfetting, either of meat or drinke,and whofe bodies are fully repleat with 
humours, fairing daintily, and wanting exercife, This W#/ocs I fay,taken in a {mall quantitie af- 
ter fupper (or rather before) ina ftewed prune, or inwater the quantitie oftwodrammes in the 
morning, is amoft foueraigne medicine to comfort the ftomacke, and to clenfe and drive foorth 
all fipetfluous humouts . Some vfe to mixethe fame with Cinnamon,Ginger,and Mace, for 
- ass aboue faid ; and for the Iaundies, {pitting of bloud, and all extraordinarie iffues of 

loud. f 

The fame vfed in vlcers, efpecially thofe'of the fecret parts or fundament,or made into pouder, #4 
and ftrawed on frefh woutids, ftaieth the bloud,and healeth the fame, as thofe ylcers before {po- 
ken of. 

The fame taken inwardly eaufeth the Hethorrhoids to bleed, and being laid thereon it caufeth F 
them to ceafe bleeding. 


Cuar. 142. Of Honjleeke or Sengreene. 


4g The Rindes, 
G Engreene,as Diofcorides writeth,is of three forts, the one is great,the other {mall,and the third 
is that which is called 1Wecebra, biting Stone-crop, or VVall pepper: 


«@ The Defiription. 


Ff He great Sengreene,which in Latine is commonly called Jovss Barba,lupiters beard, 
bringeth forth leaues hard gdioyning to the ground and root,thicke, far, full of tough 

_ _ luice, fharpe pointed, growing clofe and hard together, fet ina circle in fafhionof an 

eye, and bringing forth very many fuch circles,{preading it {elfe out all abroad: it oftentimes al - 
fo fendeth forth fmall ftrings,by which it {preadeth farther,aad maketh new circlesthere tifech vp 
Oftentimes in the middle of thefe an vpright ftalke about a foot high,couered with leaues growing 
leffe and leffe toward the points sparted at the top into certaine wings or branches, about which 


_ ate floures orderly placed, of adarke purplith colour : the rootis all of (rings, 
Vu 2. Theté 


510 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


2 There is alfo another great Houfleck or Sengreen (fyrnamed tree Houfleeke) that bringeth 
forth a ftalke a cubit high, fometimes higher,and often two ; which is thicke,hard ,woody,tough, 
and that can hardly be broken, parted into diuers branches, and couered with athicke groffe 
barke, which in the lower part referueth certaine prints or imprefled markes of the leaves that 
are fallen away. The leaues are fat, well bodied, full of juice, an inch long and fomewhat more, 
like little tongues, very curioufly minced in the edges, {tanding vpon the tops of the branches, 
hauing in them the fhape ofan eye. The floures grow out of the branches,which are diuided into 
many fprings ; which floures are flender, yellow, and {pred like a ftar ; in their places commeth 
vp very fine feed, the {prings withering away : the root is parted into many off-{prings. This plant 
is alwaics greene, neither is it hurtby the cold in winter, growing in his natiue foile ; whereupon 
it isnamed éageo, and Semperuivum, ox Sengreene. 


1 Sempernivum maius, + 2 Sedum maius arborefiens. 
Great Houfleeke. Tree Houfleeke. 
oe Y Paro Urn wr BWelori 1. _ 


3 There isalfo another of this kinde, the circles whereof are anfwerable inbigneffe tothofe 
of the former,but with leffer leaues, moe in number,and clofefly fet,hauing ftanding on the edges 
very fine haires as itwere like foft prickles. This is fomewhat ofa deeper greene:the ftalke is fhor- 
ter,and the flouresare of a pale yellow. + This is the third of Dodoneus defcription, Pemptad.t. 
lib. 5. cap. 8. $ si : a 

4 Thereislikewifea third tobe referred hereunto : the leaues hereof be of a whitifh greene, 
and are very curioufly nicked roundabout. + The floure is great,confifting of fix white leaues ; 
This is thatdefcribed by Dodoneus inthe 4. place : and it is the Coryledon altera fecunda of Clufius. + 

5 There isalfoa fourth,the circles whereof are leffer, the leaues fharpe pointed,very clofely 
fet,ofa darke red colour on the top,and hairy in the edges:the floures on the fprigs are of a gallant 
purplecolour. ¢ This is the fift of Dodoneus.and the Cotyledon alteratertia of Clufins. + 

@ The Place. 

1 The great Sengreen is well knowne not onely in Italy, but alfo in France, Germany,Bohe- 
mia, and the Lowe-Countries. It groweth on ftones in mountaines, ypon old walls, and ancient 
buildings, efpecially vpon the tops of houfes. The forme hereofdoth differ according to the na- 
ture of the foile, for in fome places the leaues are narrower and leffer,but mo in number, and haue 
one onely circle ; infome they are fewer, thicker, and broader: they are greene,and of a deeper 

greene 


~Lapnd aed OF the Hiftory of ‘Plants. 0: 


greene in fome places , and in others ofa lighter greene : for thofe which we haue deferibed ¢ grow 
norin one place, butindiuers and fundry. 
2 Great Sengreene i is found g! ov ving of 


* 2H ag ay 5 f - 
4 5 Sedum maius ee a it felfe on the tops of houfes, old walls, an d 
Great narrow Ieaued Houflecke, fuch like places in very many prouinces y. 


SOL 


the Eaft,and of Greece:and alfo in the Iflands 
of the Mediterranian fea ; as in Crete, which 
now is called Candy Rhodes, Zant,& others, 
neither is ak Ww ith lout it: for (as Carolys 
Clufius witnefleth) it groweth in many places 
of Portingale. . otherwife it is cherifhed in 

earthen pots.In cold countries,and fuch as lie 
Northward, as inboth the Getmanies,it nej- 
ther groweth of it felfe, nor yet latter h long, 
sh it be carefully p lantéd, re dilig 


ather,and the ouermuch cole Oo 
eth. 
q The Time. 

The ftalke'of the fir. doth at length floure 
afterthe Summer Soltti ice, which is in lune 
about Saint Barnabies day, and now and than 
in the moneth of Auguit. ‘but i in Aprill, that 
Is to fay, after the equino@iall in ie {pring, 
which is about a moneth after the {pring is 
begun, there Brow out of this among the 
featies. fmal] {trings, which are the eround- 
work of t] 1€ circles, ‘by W hich being at length 
full growne, it {preadeth i it felfe into very ma- 
ny circles. 

2 Houfleeke that groweth like a tree doth 
floure in Portingale | at the beginning of the 
yeere prefently after the winter Sol {tice, 
which is December,about $. Lucies d. ay. 

The Names. 
The firft is commonly called fovis barba, or Iupiters beard, and alfo Sedum maius vulzare : 
the Germanes call it Hantshourts, Geols Donderbaer : they of the Low-countries, agne 


voiagena® the Hollanders, Pupfloock : the French-men, loubanber the Italians, Sempreuino magei- 
ore: the Spaniards, Siempreniuayyerita pentera : the Englith-men, Houfleeke, and Sengreene, and 
Ayereene:of fome] lup iters cie ppullock $ eie, and I Jup siters beard: of the Bohe mians,Na . Many 
take it to be Cot tera D focorid dis but we had ratl ao haue itone ofthe Sengreenes : for it is 
continually greene,and alwaies flourill eth, and is hardly hurt by the extremity ofwinter 
a Be other without doubt is D: ofcorides his deiguer pays that is, Semperuivum magnum, Or Se 
us calleth it Vitalis, and Semper florium ; it is alfonamed 
sp yiid ey ¢ @& The T cumperature. < 
The great Hou flecks ate cold in the third degree : they are alfo dry,but not much,by reafon of 


7% FRA= 


jes, great Houfleek, or Sengtcen : Apu 


thew atery effence that is in them. 
ey The ertue. 

They are good again{t Saint Anthonies fire,the thi nes and other creeping vicers and inflam- 
mations, as Galen faith, that proceed of rheumes and fluxes :and as Déofvorides teachethsagainft 
the inflammations o1 fiery | heate in the eyes:the leaues, faith P/izy,being applied, or t he juice laid 
on,are aremedy for rheumatike and watering cies. E . 

They take away the fire in burnings and fealdings ; and being applied with Barly meale dried, 
do take away the pene of the gout. 

Diofcorides teachcth, that they are giuen tothem that are troubled witha hor laske : that they 
likewife driue forth wormes of the belly ifthey be drunke with wine. 

The juice put yp ina peflary do fay the fluxes in tele Nias eding of a hot caufe : the leaues 
held inthe mouth do quench thirft in hot burning feauers 

The juice mixed with Barly meale and vineger preuaile th againft §. Anthonies fire,all hot bur- 
niig and fretting vicers, and againft fealdings, “burnings, and all inflammations 1 and alfo the gout 
comming ofan hor caufe. 


Vu2 


ed vnto, but throu: gh the extr emitie of 


A 


eee ania 


512 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Eve 


A. Theiuice of Houflecke, Garden Night(hade, and the buds of Poplar boiled in Axungiaporct, 


B 


Orhogs greafe,maketh the moft fingular Populcon that euer was vfed in Chirurgerie, 

Theiuice hereof taketh away cornes from the toes and fect, if they be wathed and bathed ther- 
with,and cuery day and night as it were implaiftered with the skin of the fame Houtfleeke, which 
certainly taketh them away without incifion or fuch like, as hath beene experimented by my very 
good friend M", Nicholas Belfom, a man painefull and curious in fearching forththe fecrets of Na- 
ture. 

The deco&ion of Houfleeke,or the iuice thereofdrunke,is good againft thebloudie flixe, and 
cooleth the inflammation of the cies being dropped thereinto, and the bruifed hearbe layed vp- 
on them. 


Cuar. 143. Ofthe Leffer Houfleekes or Prickmadams. 


1 Sedum minus hamatoides, 2 Sedum minus Officinarurs, 
Pricke-madame. _ White floured Prickmadam, 
Deda ep bun 4 ® ¢ L, okt 
N " SQ) 
SSE IN NW 
ay Wy 
SN WY N | 


Ke 
Rey 

ZF 
RR 


‘ SSS 
aN iH 


| The Defcription. 


1 He firft of thefe is a very little herb,creeping vpon the ground with many lender flalks, 

whichare compaffed about with a great number of leaues,that are thicke,ful of ioints, 

little, long, fharpe pointed, inclining to a greene blew. There rifevp among thefe, little ftalkes,a 

handful high,bringing forth at the top,as it were a fhadowie tuft;and in thefe fine yellow floures: 
the root is full of ftrings. eet 

**2  Theother little Sengreene is alfoa fmall herbe, bringing forth many flender fralkes, fel- 


dome abouea fpan high , on the tops whereof ftand little floures like thofe ofthe other, in ae 
40010 


Rilke, | Of the Hiftory of Plants. Be $13 


3 Sedim minus aitivum, £4 Sedum miu floy e amplo, 
l 2 Waren: 
Small Sommer Sengreene, Smalllarge floured Sengreenes 


$5 Sedun med um teretifol bine #6 AiKoon Scorpioides . 
Small Prickmadam, Scorpion Sengreene, 
CAA Ae (ew UN 


Vu 3 


514 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lin. 2. 


loofe tufts; but they are white and fome- 
thing leffer: the leaues about the ftalkes 
are few and little,but long,blunt,and round, 
bigger than wheaten cornes,fomething lef- 
fer than the kernels ofthe Pine Apples,o- 
therwife not vnlike ; which oftentimes are 
fomething red, ftalkes and all: the roote 
creepeth vpon the fuperficiall or vppermoft 
part of the earth, fending downe {lender 
threds. 

3 There isa {mall kinde of Stonecrop, 
which hath little narrow leaues, thicke, 
tharpe pointed, and tender ftalkes, full of 
fattie inice ; on thetopwhereofdoe grow 
{mall yellowe floures , Starre fafhion. 
The roote is fmall,and running by the 
ground, 

4 There is likewife another Stone- 
crop called Frog Stonecrop , which hath 

£ 8 Sedum petreum, little tufts of leaues rifing from fmall and 
Smallrocke Sengreene. and threddie*rootes , creeping vpon the 
ground like vnto Kal or Frog-grafle, from 
the which tufts of leaues rifetha flender 
ftalke, fet with a few {uch like leaues, ha- 
uing at the top prettie large yellow floures, 
the {malneffe of the plant beeing confide- 
red. 

+ 5 This islike thatwhich is deferi- 
bed in the fecond place, but that the ftalks 
are leffer, and not fo tall, and the floures of 
this are ftar fafhioned,and of a golden yel- 
low colour. ¢ < 

6 There is another Stonectop, or 
Prickmadam called CAéi=oon Scorpivides, 
which is altogether like the great kinde of 
Stonecrop,and differeth in that, that this 
kinde of Stonecrop or Prickmadam hath 
his tuft of yellow floures turning again,not 
much vnlike the taile of a Scorpion,refem- 
bling Myofitis Scorpioides, and the leaues fomewhat thicker, and clofer thruft together. The root is 
{mall and tender. 

7 There isa plant called Sedum Portlandicit,or Portland Stonecrop,of the Englith Ifland called 
Portland, lying in the South coaft, which hath goodly branches and aroughrinde. The leaues 
imitate Lanreola, growing among the Tithymales, butthicker,fhorter, more fat and tender. The 
ftalkeis of a wooddy fubitance like Lavrcola, participating of the kindes of Craffula,Sempervinum, 
and the Tithymales,whercofwee thinke it to bee a kinde; yet not daring to deliver any vncertaine 
fentence, it fhallbe lefle preiudiciall to the truth,to account itasa fhrubbe,degenerating from 
bothkindes, . 

+ Pena and Lobel, who firft {et this foorth knewe, not veriewell what they fhould fay there- 
of ; norany fince them: wherefore I haue onely giuen you their figure put to our Authours de- 
{cription. + 

8 Thereisa plant which hath receiued his name Sedvm Petreum, becaufe it doth forthe mot 
part grow vpon the rocks,mountains, & fuch like ftonie places, hauing very fmal] leaues,comming 
forth of the ground in tufts like P/éwdo-cmoly ; that is, our common herbe called Thrift : amongft 
the leauies come forth flender ftalkes an handfull high, loden with fmall yellow floures like vnto 
the common Prick-Madam: afterwhich come little thicke fharpe pointed cods, which containe 
the feed, which is fmall, flat, and yellowith. 


= 7 Sedum Portlandicum. 
Portland Sengreenc. 


eu 


ef 
~ Pr 


q The 


Lis. 2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. ee 


G The Place, 


The former of thefe groweth in gardens in the Low-countries : in other places vpon ftone wals 
and tops of houfes in England almoft cuery where, 

The other groweth about rnbbith in the borders of fields, and in other places that lye open to 
the Sunne. ‘ 

GQ The Time, 

They floure in the Sommer moneths. 

@| The Names. 

The leffer kinde is called in Greeke azo pnp: in Latine, Sedum, and Semperuivum minus - of the 
Germanes,4lepn Donuderbaer,and ley Haul bourts 3 of the Italians > Semperzino minore : of 
the Frenchmen,Tricque-madame : of the Englifh men, Pricke-Madam, Dwarfe Houfe-leeke > and 
fmall Sengreene. 

The fecond kinde is named in thops Cra(ffi/a minor sand they fyrname it minor, for difference 
betweene it and the other Craffula, which isa kinde of Orpin: it is alfo called Vermicularis : in Ita- 
lian, Pignola, Granellofa, and Grafella : in low-Dutch, Blader looters in Englith , Wilde Pricke- 
Madam, Great Stone-crop, or Worme-grafle. + That which is vulgarly knowne and called by 
the name of Stone-crop is the rlecebra deferibed in the following chapter, and fuch as grow com- 


monly with ys of thefe fmall Houfeleekes mentioned in this chapter are generally named Pricke- 
Madames.: but our Author hath confounded them in this and the next chapter ;whichI would 
not alter, thinking it fufficient to giue younotice thereof, + 


q The Temperature and vertues. 
All thefe fmall Sengreens are ofa cooling nature like vnto the great Ones,and are good for thofe 


things that the others be. The former of thefe is vfed in many places in fallads, in which it hath 
a fine relifh, and a pleafant tafte: it is good for the heart-burne. 


ee ss : — <= 


* Cuar. 144. Of diners other fmall Sengreenes. 
| The Defiription, 


i ls ~ He ftalke of this fmall water Sengreene is fome fpanne Jong, teddith, fucculent,and 

weake : the leaues are longifh, a little rough,and full of iuyce: the floures grow 
vponthe tops of the ftalkes, confifting of fix purple or elfe fleth-coloured Icaues ; which are firc- 
ceeded by as many little cods containing a fmall feed : the root is fmall and thredd y,and the whole 
planthathan infipide orwaterifhtafte, This was found by Clufivs in fome waterie places of Ger- 
many about the end of Iune; and he calls it Sedum minus 3 fine paluftre. ; 

2 This fecond from {mal] fibrous and creeping roots fends vp fundry little ftalkes fet with 
Ieaues like thofe of the ordinary Pricke-Madam, yet leffe, thicke, and flatter, and ofa more aftrin- 
gent tafte: the floures, which are pretty large, grow at the tops of the branches, and confift of Aue 
pale yellowith Icaues.It growes in diuers places ofthe Alps,and floures about the end of luly,and 
in Auguit. This is the Sedum minus 6. or Alpinum 1. of Clufias. 

This hath fmmall little and thicke leaues, lying bedded, or compact clofe together, and are 
ofan Afh colour inclining to blew : the ftalkes are fome two inches long, flender, and almoft na- 
ked ; vpon which grow com monly fome three floures confitting of fiue white leaues apiece, with 
fomeyellow threds inthe middle. This mightily encreafes, andwill mat and couer the ground 
fora good {pace together. It floures in Auguit, and growes vpon the cragey places of the Alpes. 
Clufius calls it Sedum mi annum, fine Alpinum 3. 

4 Theleaues of this are fomewhat larger and longer, yet thicke, and fomewhat hairy about 
their edges ; at firlt alfo of anacide tafte, but afterwards bitterith and hor: it alfo fendeth forth 
fhoots, and in the middeft of the leaues it puts forth ftalkes fome two inches high, which at the 
topas inanvmbel carry fome fix little Aoures confifting of fiue leaues apiece, hauing their bor- 
tomes ofa yellowith colour. Itis found in the like places, and floures at the fame time as the for- 


Met. Clufizs makes it his Sedum minus to, Alpinum 4. and inthe Hit, Lugd, Itis called Lafime mons 
tana. 


5 For 


516 Of the Hiftorie of Plents, Lis. 2. 


$1 Sedum minus paluftre. $ 2 Sedum Alpinum x. (ln/ij. 
Small water Sengreene, a Small Sengreene ofthe Alps. 
eaasetogss ae (nny orole§ 


{ 


) 
‘ U 


S col we vitLo Sum 


X Sedum Alpinum 2. Clufii: a #4 Sedum Alpinum 4.Clufij. E 
White Sengreene of the Alpes. Haity Sengrecne of the Alpes. 


Lip. 2, Of the Hiftorieof Plans. SSS pig 


£ 5 Sedum petranm Buplenrifolio. 5 Forthefe foure lat defiribad we are be. 
Long leaued Rocke Sengteene, holdento Clufius sand for this &fth to Pona, 
> ah eo ae ee at hota Val \ who thus defcribes it : It hath one thicke and 


MWe. La Pp ‘ t 
large root with few or no fibres,but fom knots 


bunching out here and there: it is couered 
with a thickebarke,and is of a blackith red 
colour on the outfide : the leaues are many 
long and narrow,lying {pred vpon the ground, 
the ftalke grows fome foot high, and is round 
and naked,and at the top carries floures con(,.. 
fting of 7 tharpe pointed pale yellow leaues 5 
which are fucceeded by feeds like thofe of By. 
pleurum,and ofa ftrong {mell. It floures about 
the middle of Iuly, and the feed is ripe about 
the middle of Auguft. Pona,who firft ob{er- 
ued this growing vpon Mount Baldus in Ita- 
ly, fets it forth by the name of Sedum petreum 
Baplenrifolio, Bawhine hath it by the name of 
Perfoliata Alpina Gramineo folio,and Buplesron 
snznftifolinm Alpinum, 


u 
t 


@| The Temper and V ertues, 


The thtee. fir deferibed without doubt 
are cold,and pattake in vertues with the other 
fmall Sengreenes ; but the two lat are rather 
of an hor and’ attenuating facultie. None of 
them are commonly. knowne or vfed in Phy- 
fickes, ($=. 


Vermicularis fine INecebra minor acris. 2 C HAP. 149. 
Wall-Pepper,or Stone-crop, 


es Pata > Of Stone-crop,called WV all-_pepper. 
fe, M gq The Defiription, 


Hisis’a low and littleherbe:the ftalks 

be flender and fhort: the leaues about 

thefe ftand very thicke,and fmall in growth, 

fall bodied, fharpe pointed, and full of iuyce : 

the floures ftand on the top,and are marucl- 

lous little, of colour yellow,and ofa fharp bis 
ting tafte : the root is nothing but ftrings. 

j @ The Place. 

. It groweth euery where in ftony and dry 
places, and in chinks and crannies of old wals, 
and on the tops ofhoufes : it is alwaies green, 
and therefore it is very fitly placed among the 
Sengteenes. 

| The Time. 
It floureth in the Sommer moneths, 


| The Names, 

This is Tertinm fémperviuum Diofcoridis, ot 
Diofcorides his third Sengreene,which he faith 
is called of the Grecians estes dyere, and nMoion 5 
and of theRomanes, Mecebra, Pliny alfo wit- 
neffeth, that the Latines namie it Mecebra. Yet 
there isanother «yaya dpeca, and another sno: 
the Germanes call this herbe Maurpfeier, 
and Satzens teenble$ the French men, Pain a 


pi feats 


A 


13 Of the Hiftory. of Plants. « Lin. 2. 


vifean: the Low-countrey men, MPuev yeppers the Englith men, StOne-crop,and Stone-hore, 
litele Stone-crop, Pricket, Moufe-taile, Wall-Pepper, Countrey Pepper,and lacke of the But- 
terie. 
@| The Temperature. 
This little herbe is fharpe and biting, and very hot. Being outwardly applied it raifeth blifters, 
and at length exulcerateth. 
: @ The Vertues. 
A Itwafteth away hard kernels, and the Kings Euill, if it be layd vnto them, as D/ofcorides writes. 
3 The iuyce hereof extracted or drawne forth, and takenwith vineger or other liquor, procureth 
yomit, and bringeth vp groffe and flegmaticke humors, and alfo cholericke ; and doth thereby of- 
tentimes cure the Quartan Ague and other Agues of long continuance: and giuen in this manner 
itis arem¢ rainit poy fons inwardly taken, 


Cuar.146. Of Orpyne. 


q The Defcription. 


I es He Spanifh Orpyne fendeth forth round ftalkes, thicke, flipperie, hauing as it were 
little ioynts, fomewhat red now and then about the root : the leaues in ike manner be 

thicke, {mooth, groffe, full of tough iuyce, fometimes fleightly nicked in the edges, broader lea- 
fed,and greater than thofe of Purflane ; otherwife not much vnlike ; which by couples are fet op- 
pofit one againft another vpon every joint, couering the ftalke in order by two and two:the floures 
in the round tufts are ofa pale yellow : the root groweth full of bumpes like vnto long kernels, 
waxing {harpe toward the point: thefe ketnels bewhite, and haue firings growing forthofthem, 


1 Craffula major Hifpanica. 2 Cralfula fine faba inuer{a. 
Spanith Orpyne. Common Orpyne, 


? Nt noe 
Dedunnrr velefh. COV Ve, 


Zi iE 
hit ONT 


Ni 


nN 


\ 
lian 


2 Thefecond, which isour common Orpyne, doth likewife rife vp with very many round 
ftalkes thatare {mooth, but hot ioynted at all: the leaues are grofle or corpulent, thicke, broad, 
- ri Pe y 

and 


sop = ee ” Of the Hittory of Plants, 


and oftentimes fomewhat nicked in the edges, leffer than tho of the former, placed cuit of order, 
The floures be either red or yellow, or elfe whitith : the root is white, well bodied, and full of ker- 
nels. This plant is very fulloflife: the ftalkes fet onely in clay continue greenea long time ; and 
if they be now and then watered they alfo grow. We hauea wilde kinde of Otpyne growing in 
corne fields and fhadowy woods in moft places of England, in each refpect like that of the garden, 
fauing that it is altogether leffer, as 


@ The Places 


They profper beft in fhadowie and ftony places, inold walls made of lome or ftone. Oribafius 
faith, That they grow in Vineyards and tilled places, The firft sroweth in gardens ; the other eue- 
riewhere : the firft is much found in Spaine and Hungarie ; neither is Germanie without it; for 
it sroweth vpon the bankes of theriuer of Rhene neere the Vineyards, in rough and ftony places, 
nothing at all differing from that which is found in Spaine, ; 

The fecond growetlr plentifully both in Germany, France, Bol 
countries among vines, in old lomie daubed and ftony walls. 


@ The Time. 
The Orpynes floure about Augutt or before. 


hemia, England, atid in other 


gq The Names, 


The firft is that which is called of the Grecians mais, and édtandun : OF the Latines 5 Telephium, 
and Sempervivum fylueftre, and ilecebra : but Illecebra by reafon of his fharpe and biting qualitie 
doth much differ from it,as we haue declared in the former Chapter. Some there be that name it 
«idpizen OF Portulaca fylueftris : yet there is anothet Portulaca [ylucfires, or wilde Putflane, like to that 
which groweth in gardens, but lefler : we may call this in Englifh, Spanith Orpyne, Orpyne of 
Hungarie, or ioynted Orpyne. ' : 

The fecond kinde of Orpyne is called in thops Craffula,and Craffula Fabaria,and Craffvla maior, 
that it may differ from that which is defcribed in the chapter of little Houfleeke : it is namedalfo 
Fabaria : inhigh-Dutch, Qpundkraut, Anauenkraut, Fogrtstvang, and fotstoevn sin Italian; 
Faba graffa: in French, loubarbe des vignes, Feue efpeffe : in low-Dutch, Sater Wwostele, and Penel 
Sluctels in Englith, Orpyne ; alfo Liblong, or Liue-long. 

The Temperature. 


The Orpyns be cold and dry, and of thin or fubtill parts. 


@ The Vertues. 

Diofcorides faith, That being laid on with Vineger it taketh away the white morphew : Galen 
faith the blacke alfo ; which thing it doth by reafon of the {couring or cleanfing qualitic that it 
hath. Whereupon Galen attributeth vnto it an hot facultie, though the tate theweth the contra- 
rie: which aforefaid feouring facultie declareth, That the other twoalfobe likewife cold. But 
cold things may as well cleanfe, if drineffe of temperature and thinnefle of effence be ioyned to- 
gether in them. 


Cusr.ig7. Of the fmaller Orpyns. 


gq The Defcription. 


I He Orpynwith purple floures is lower and leffer than the common Orpyn: the ftalkes 

be flenderer, and for the moft part lie along vpon the ground. The leaues arealfo thin- 

her and longer, and of a more blew greene, yet well bodied, ftanding thicker below than aboue, 

contufedly fet together without order: the floures in the tufts at the tops of the ftalks be ofa pale 

blew tending to purple. The roots be not fet with Jumpes or knobbed kernels, but witha multi- 
tude of hairy ftrings. 

2 This fecond Orpyn, as it is knowne to few, fo hath it found no name, but that fome Herba- 
rifts do call it 7 clephium fempervivum or virens : for the ftalkes of the other do wigher in winter, the 
foot remaineth greene ; but the ftalkes and leaues of this endure alfo the fharpeneffe of VV inter; 
and therefore we may call it in Englifh, Orpyn euerlafting, or Neuer-dying Orpyn, This hath 
leffer and rounder Jeaues than any ofthe former : the floures are red, and the root fibrous, 

+ 3  Clufius receiued the feeds of this from Ferranto Imperato of Naples, vnder the pane of 
Lelephinm 


520 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. — Lip. 


1 Telephinm floribus purpuress. 2 Telephiam femper-virens. 
Purple Orpyn. Neuer-dying Orpyn. 


Bexcaltt 
WW Pee 


es 
SY y 


—~) 
er 


Sos 


T elephium legitimum ,and he hath thus giuen vs the hiftory thereof: Ir produces from the top of 
the root many branches {pred vpon the ground, which are abouta foot long, fet with many leaues, 
efpecially {uch as are nor come to floure ; for the other haue fewer : thefe leaues are fmaller, leffe 
thicke alfo and fucculent than thofe of the former kindes, neither are they fo brittle: their colour 
is green, inclining a little to blew:the tops of the branches are plentifully ftored with little floures 
growing thicke together, and compofed of fue little white leaues apiece :which fading, there fuc- 
ceed cornered feed-veffels full ofa brownifh feed. The root is fometimes as thicke as ones little 
finger, tough, white, diuided into fomebranches, and liuing many yeares. ¢ 
q] The Place, Time, Names, Temperature, and Vertues. 

The firft growes not in England. The fecond flourifhes in my garden, + The third isa ftranger 
with vs ¢. They floare when the common Orpyn doth. Their names are {pecified in their feuerall 
delcriptions ; and their temperature and faculties in working are referred to the common Orpyn. 
Chap. 


worry a OF the Hiftory of Plants. pan 


Cuar. 148, Of Purflane. 
q The Defcription., 


I He ftalkes of the great Purflane be round, thicke, fomewhat red, full of juice, fmooth 
glittering, and parted into certaine branches trailing ypon the ground :the leaues be 
an inch long, fomething broad, thicke, fat, glib, fomewhat greenewhiter on the nei- 

ther fide ithe floures are little,of a faint yellow,and grow out at the bortome of the leaues. After 
them {pringeth vp a little huske of a greene colour, of the bigneffe almoft of halfe a barly corne, in 


c 


which is {mall blacke feed : the root hath many ftrings. 


i Portulaca domejtica, 2 Portulaca filveftris 
Garden Purilane. Wilde Purflane 


2 Theother is leffer and hath like ftalkes, but {maller, and it {preadeth on the ground : the 


Icauesbe like the fornier in fafhion, (noorhnefle, and thickneffe, but farre leffer. 


: q ThePlace, 

The former is fitly fowne in gardens, and in the waies and allies thereof being digged and dun- 
ged , irdelighteth to grow ina fruicfull and fat foile not dry. 

The other commeth vp of his owne accord inallies of gardens and vineyardes, and oftentimes 
vpon rocks : this alfo is delighted with watery places being once fowne, ifit be let alone till the 
feed be ripe it doth eafily {pring vp afreth for certaine yeetes dfter. 

@ The Time. 

Tt may be fowne in March or Aprtill, it fourifheth and is greene in June, and afterwards event 
vatill winter. 

@ The Names, 


Purflane is called in Greeke, sea: in Latine, Portulaca : in high Dutch, Suckelsraut- int 


French, Poupier:in Italian, Prochaccia : in Spanith, 7 ‘erdolagas : in Englifh,Purflane,and Porcelane. 
Xx q The 


522 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lis.2. 


The Temperature. 

Purflane is cold,and that in the third degree,and moift inthe fecond : but wilde Purflane is not 
fo moift, 

g The Vertues. 

Rawe Purflane is much vfed in fallades,with oile, falt, and vineger : it cooleth an hot ftomacke, 
and prouoketh appetite , bur the nourifhment which commeth thereof is little, bad, cold, sroffe, 
and moift: being chewed it is good for teeth that are fet on edge or aftonied ; the juice doth the 
fame being held in the mouth, and alfo the diftilled water. Hy 

Purflane is likewife commended againft wormes in young children, and is fingular g00d,efpe- 
cially iftbey be feuerith withall, for it,both allaies the ouermuch heate, and killeth the wormes : 
which thing is done through the faltnes mixed therewith,which is nor only an enemy to wormes, 
but alfo to putrifadtion. 

The leaves of Purflane either rawe, or boiled, and eaten as fallades, are good for thofe thar 
haue great heate in their ftomackes and inward parts,and doe coole and temper the inflamed 
blond. 

The fame taken in like manner is good for the bladder and kidnies, and allaieth the outragious 
luft of the body : the juice alfo hath the fame vertue. 

‘The juice of Purflane ftoppeth the bloudy fluxe, the fluxe of the hemorroides,monthly termes; 
{pitting of bloud,and all other fluxes whatfoeuer. 

The fame thrown vp with a mother fyringe,cureth the inflammations, frettings,and vIcerations 
ofthe matrix ; and put into the fundament with a clifter pipe,helpeth the vicerations and fluxe of 
the guts. 

The leaues eaten rawe,take away the paine of the teeth, and fafteneth them ; andare good for 
teeth that are fet on edge with eating of fharpe or foure things, 

The feed being taken, killeth and driueth forth wormes, and ftoppeth the laske. 


Cuar. 149. 
Of feaPurflane, and of the fhrubby Sengreens. 


q The Defcription, 


f Ea Purflane is nota herbe as garden Purflane,but a little fhrub : the ftalkes whereof be 
hard and wooddy : the leaues fat, full of fubftance, like in forme to common Purflane, 
but much whiter and harder : the moffie purple floures ftand round about the vpper 

parts of the ftalkes,as doalmoft thofe of Blyte,or of Orach : neither is the feed vnlike,being broad 
and flat: the root is wooddy, long afting,as is alfothe plant, which beareth out the winter with 
the loffe of a few leaues, 

t 2 There is another fea Purflane or Halimus, or after Dodonaus Portulaca marina, which hath 
Jeaues like the former,but not altogether fo white, yet are they fomewhat longer and narrower, 
not much vnlike the Jeaues ofthe Oliue tree. The flender branches are not aboue a cubit orcubit 
and halfe long,and commonly lie fpred vpon the ground, and the floures are of a deepe ouerworne 
herby colour, and after them follow feedes like thofe of the former,but {maller. 

# 3 Ourordinary Aalious or {ea Purflane hath {mall branches fome foot or better long, ly- 
ing commonly {pred vpon the ground, ofan ouerworne grayifh colour,and fometimes purplesthe 
leaues are like thofe of the laft mentioned,but more fat and thicke, yet leffe hoary. The floures 
grow on the tops of the branches, of an herby purple colour,which is fiucceeded by final] {eeds like 
to that of the fecond kinde. + 

4 ‘There is found another wilde fea Purflane whereof I haue thought good to make mention; 
which doth refemble the kindes of Aizoons. The firt Kinde groweth vpright,with a trunke like 
a fmall tree or fhrub,hauing many vpright wooddy branches,ofan athe colour, with many thicke, 
darke,greene leaues like the fmall Stone crop,called Yermicularis : the floures are ofan herby yel- 
lowith greene colour: the root is very hard and fibrous : the whole plant is of a falt tang tafte, 
and the juice like that of Kaly. 

§ There is another kinde like the formerand differeth in that,this ftrange plant is greater,the 
Ieaues more fharpe and narrower,and the whole plant more wooddy, and commeth neere to the 
forme ofa tree. The floures are ofa greenith colour. 


aq The 


Ibn. sd. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 523 


$1 Halimus latifolins. + 2 Halimus anguftifolius procumbens, 
Tree Sea Purflane, Creeping Sea Purflane, 


t 3 Halious vulgaris, fine Portulaca marinas £ 4 Vermicularis frutex minor, 
Common SeaPurflane., The leffer fhrubby Sengreeiij 
a Wr. ay Pp crceorelos. 


* $24. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. a 


£ 5 Vermicularis frutex major. @ The Place, 
The greater Tree Stone-crop. 


+ The firft and fecond grow vpon the Sea 
coafts of Spaine and other hor countries =, and 
the third groweth in the falt marifhes neere the 
fea fide, as you paffe ouer the Kings ferrey vnto 
the ifle of Shepey, going to Sherland houfe (be- 
longing fometime ynto the Lord Cheiny , and in 
the yeare 1590,ynto the Worfhipfull S". Edward 
Hobby ) faft by the ditches fides of the fame ma- 
rifh : it groweth plentifully inthe ifleof Thanet 
as you go from Margate to Sandwich, and in ma- 
ny other places along the coaft. The other forts 
grow vpon bankes and heapes of fandon the Sea 
coafts of Zeeland, Flanders, Holland,and in like 
places in other countries, as befides the Ifle of 
Purbecke in England ; and on Rauen-f{purne in 
Holdernefle, as | my felfe haue feene. 

qj The Time. 

Thefe flourith and floufe efpecially in Iuly 

and Auguft, 


ile 


\ 
i 
i 
i 
{ 


G The Names. 

Sea Purflane is called Portulaca Atarina: In 
Grecke, tame : it is alfo oalled in Latine Halimus » 
in Duteh, Zee qPoeceletine s in Englith,Sea Pur- 
flane. 

The baftard ground Pines are called of fome, 
Chamepitys virmiculata : in Englifh, Sea ground 
Pine : $ or more fitly, Tree Ston-crop,or Pricket, 
or Shrubby Sengreene. + 


| The Temperature. 
Sea Purflane is (as Galen faith) of vnlike parts, but the greater part thereof is hot in a meane, 
with a moifture vnaconcocted, and {omewhat windie. 
TheVertues, 
A The leaues (faith D7ofcerides ) are boyled to beeaten:a dram weight of the root being drunke 
"with meade or honied water, is good againft crampes and drawings awric of finewes,burftings,and 
gnawings of the belly : it alfo caufeth Nurfes to haue ftore of milke. The leaues be in the Low- 
countries preferued in falt or pickle as capers are, and be ferued and eatenat mens tables in ftead 
of them, and that without any miflike of tafte, towhich it is pleafant. Galen doth alfo report,that 
the yong and tender buds arewont in Cilicia to be eaten, and alfo laid vp in ftore for vfe. 
B+ = Clufius faith, That the learned Portugal Knight Damianus a Goes affured him,That the leaues 
of the firft deferibed boyled with bran, and fo applied, mitigate the paines of the Gout procee- 
ding ofanhotcaufe. + 


t The figure that was formerly given by our Author by the title of Portulaca marina, and is fet forth by Tabern. vider the fame name, is either of none of thefe 
plants, or clic itis vnperfedt. Baubine knowes not what to make of it, but queftions, Quid fit? 


Cuar.iso. Of Herbe-lyy, or Ground-Pine. 


q TheD efcription, 
I He common kinde of Chamepitys or Ground-Pine is a fmall herbe and very tender,cree- 
ping vpon the ground, hauing fmall and crooked branches trailing about. The leaues 
be fall narrow and hairy,in fauour like the Firre or Pine tree; but ifmy fence of fmelling be per- 
fe&, me thinkes it is rather like vnto the fmell of hempe. The floures be little, ofa pale yellow co- 
Jour,and fomrimes white: the root is fmall and fingle, and ofa wooddy fubftance. 
t 2 The fecond hath pretty ftrong foure {quare ioynted ftalkes, browne and hairy, from 
' which grow pretty large hairy leaues much clouen or cut : the floures are of a purple pote ane 
grow about the ftalks inound|es like the dead Nettle :the feed is black and round,and the whole 
plant fauoureth like theformer: which fheweth this to be fitly referred to the Chamepytis >and 
not tobe wellcalled Chamadrys femina,or Jagged Germander, as fome hauc named it. + 


3 his 


* Léaperal Of the Hiftory of Plants, 


1 Chamepitys mas. 2 Chamepitys femign, 
The maleground Pine, - , The female ground-Pine, 


Pre CL Ape I $— 


3 Chamepitys 3. Dodon, 4 [Iuannfcata Mon|peliaca. 
Small Ground-Pine, French Herbe-Iuy or Ground -Pines 


Mk 4 
L 


526 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


This kinde of Herb-Iuy, growing for the moft part about Montpelier in France, is the leaft 
ofall his kind, hauing {mal whire and yellow floures,in {mell and proportion like vnto the others, 
but much fimaller. 

t 4 Thereis awilde or baftard kinde of Chamepitys, or ground-Pine,that hath leaues fome- 
what like ynto the fecond kinde, but not jagged in that manner, but onely fnipt about the edges. 
The root is fomewhat bigger, wooddy,whitifh,and bitter, and like vnto the root of Succorie. All 
this herbe is very rough, and hath a ftrong vapleafant fmell, not like that of the ground. Pines; 


£ 5 Chamapitys (puria altera Dodon, + 6 Chamepitys Auftriaca. 
Baftard Ground-Pine. Auftrian Ground-Pine. 


¢ 5 There isanother kind that hath many {mall and tender branches befet with little leaues 
for the moft part three together, almoft like the leaues of the ordinarie eround-Pine : at the top of 
which branches grow flender white floures , which being turned vpfide downe , or the lower part 
vpward, do fomewhat refemble the floures of Lamium : the feeds grow commonly foure together 
ina cup, and are fomewhat big and round : the root is thicke, whitith, and long lating, 

6 — There groweth in Auftriaa kinde of Chamepitys, which is a moft braue and rare plant,and of 
great beautie, yetnot once remembred either of the ancient or new Writers, vntill of late that fa. 
mous Carolus Clufius bad {et it forth inhis Pannonicke Obferuations ; who for his fingular skiland 
induftrie hath woon the garland from all that haue written before his time. This rare atid ftrange 
plant I haue in my garden, growing with many {quare ftalkes of halfe a foot high, befet euen from 
the bottome to the top with leaues fo like our common Rofemary , that it is hard for hini which 
doth not know it exaétly to finde the difference , being greene aboue, and fommvhat hai *y and hea- 
rie vnderneath: among which come forth round about the ftalkes (after the manner of toundies 
or coronets) certain.{mall cups or chalices of a reddith colour , out of which came the Boutes like 
vnto Archangell in thape, but of a moft excellent and ftately mixed colour, the ontide purple 
declining to blewnefle, and fometimes of a violet colour. The floure gapeth like the mouth of a 
beaft, and hathas it were awhite tongue, the lower and vpper iawes are white likewife , {ported 
with many bloudy {pots : which being paft, the feeds appeare very long, of a’ thi ling blacke co- 
Jour, fer in order in the fmall huskes as the Chamepitys [buria. The root is blacke and hard, with ma- 
nic hairy ftrings faftned thercto. ; 
@ The 


7 Lis. 2. Of the Hitftorie of Plants. 507 


@ The Place. 

Thefe kindes of Chamapitys (except the two laft) grow very plentifully in Kent,efpecially about 

Grauefend,Cobham, South fleet, Horton, Dartford,and Sutton,and not in any other fhire in B ne. 
land that euer I could finde. i 

+ None of thefe, except the firft, for any thing I know,or can learne,grow wilde in England 5 

the fecond I haue often feene in Gardens. ¢ 

; @ The Time. 

They floure in Iune, and often in Auguft. 

@ The Names. 
Ground Pine is called in Greeke seuamiwe : in Latine,tbiga, Ainga,and Abia : in Shops, Iva arth. 
-ritica and Iua mofchata : in \talian,tva: in Spanith, Chamapzteos : in High Dutch , Bergife mich 
nicht: in low Dutch, Welt Céippessin French, Ive mofchate:In Englith, Herbe Iuie,Forgerme no; 
Ground Pine,and field Cyprefle. 

+ 4 The firftof thefe is the Chamapitys prima,of UM atthiolus,Dodonaus and others,and i 
which is commonly vfed in fhops and in Phyficke, ; : 

2 This catathiolus cals Chamedrys altera : Lobel, Chanzedrys Laciniatis folys > Lonicerus, Tx: 
vera sTabernamontanus,lva mofchata, and Dodon, (whom in this Chapter we chiefely follow) of. 
mepitys altera, : 

3 Thirdly,this is the Chamepitys 1 .of Fuchfius and others,the Chamapitys 1. Diofcoridis odo: atior 
of Lobel; and the Chamapitys 3.0f Matthiolus and Dodon. 

4. Gefuer cals this (hamapitys [pecies Monfpelly : Clufius,Dodon. Anthyllis altera and Lobel, An. 
thyllis Chamepityides minor and Tabern. [ua Mofthata Monpelrenfium. 

5 Thisis Chawapitys adulterina Of Lobel: Pfeudochamapitys and Ainga adulterina of Clufives and 
Cc hamepit ys fpuria alteraot Dodon. 

6 This is Chamepitys Auftriacaof Clufius 5 and Chamapitys carulea of Camerarius. + 

? The Nature, 
Thefe herbes are hot in the fecond degrée,and drie in the third. 
q The Vertues, 

The leaues of Chamapytis tunned vp in Ale, or infufed in wine,or fodden with hony, and drunke A 
by the {pace of eight or ten daies,cureth the iaundies, the Sciatica, the ftoppings of the liuer, the 
ar of making water, the ftoppings of the fpleene,and caufeth women to haue their natural 
fickneffe. 

Chamepytis amped greene with honie cureth wounds,malignant and rebellious vlcers, and dif. B 
folueth the hardneffe of womens brefts or paps,and profitably helperh againft poifon,or biting of 
any venomous beatt. 

The decoétion drunke, diffolueth congealed bloud,and drunke with vineger , driucth forth the C 
dead childe. 

Itclenfeth the intrals: ithelpeth the infirmities of the liuer and kidneies ; it cureth-the yellow D 

’ iaundies being drunke in wine : 1t bringeth downe the defired fickneffe,and prouoketh vrine:being 
boiled in Mead or honied water and drunke,ithelpeth the Sciatica in fortie daies. The people of 
Heraclea in Pontus do vfe it againft Wolfes bane in ftead of a counterpoifon. 

The pouder hereof taken in pils with a fig,mollifieth the bellie :it wafteth away the hardneffe E 
of the paps:it healeth waunds,it cureth putrified vicers being applied w ith hony:and thefe things 
the firft ground Pine doth petforme, fo doth the other two; butnot fo effectually,as witnefleth 
Diofcorides, : \ 

Clufivs of whom mention was made, hath not faid any thing of the Vertues of Chamepytis An- B 
frriaca: butverily I thinke it better by many degrees for the purpofes aforefaid : my coniecéture 
I take from the tafte, fmell,and comely proportion of this Hearbe, which is more pleafing and 

: familiar vato the nature of manjthan thofe which wee haue plentifully in our owne Countrey 
growing. 


a GWAR. 192. Of Nauelwoort,or Penniwoort of the Wall, 


g ae 
a G The Defcription. 
4. apHe eicat Nauelwoort hath round and thicke leaues,fomewhat bluntly indented about 


the edges,and fomewhat hollow in the midft on the vpper part, hauing a ghort fet 
flem 


+h 


a 


(428 Raters "“Obthe Hittorie of Plants. ae B. 2. 


ftemme faftened to the middeft of the leafe, on the Icwer fide vnderneath the flalke, wkercon the 
floures doe grow,is {mall and hollow,an handfull high and more,befetwith many fmall fourcsof 
an onerworne incarnate colour. The root is round like an oliue,of a white colour, 

+ The root isnot well expreft inthe figure,for it fhould haue been more vnequall or tuberous, 
with the fibers not at the bottome but top thereof. + 

2 The fecond kinde of Wall Penniwoort or Nauelwoort hath broad thicke Jeaues fomewhat 
deepely indented about the edges : and are not fo round as the Jeaues of the former, but fomewhat 
long towards the fetting on,fpred vpon the ground in manner of a tuft,fer about the tender ftalke, 
like to Sengreene or Houfleeke ; among which rifeth vp a tender ftalke whereon do grow thelike 
leaucs. The floures ftand on the top confifting of fiue {mall leauesof a white colonr, with red 
{pots inthem. The root is fmalland threddie. + This by fome is called Sedum Serratum. + 

+ 3 This third kinde hath long thicke narrow leaues, very finely {nipt or nickt om the ed- 
ges, which lie {pred very orderly vpon the ground, and in the midft of them rifes vp a ftalke fome 
foothigh, which béares at the top thereof vpon three or foure little branches,diuters white floures 
confifting of fine leaves apiece. 

4 The leaues of this are long and thicke,yet not fo finely fhipt about the edges nor fo narrow 
as thofe of the former: the ftalkeis afoot high, fet here and there with fomewhat fhorter and 
rounder leaues than thofe below ; and towards the top thereof,out of the boffomes of thefe leaues 
come fundry little foot-ftalkes,bearing on their tops pretty large floures of colour white,and fpot- 
ted with red fpots. The rootes are fmall, and here and there put vp new tufts of leaues,likeas the 


common Houfleeke. 

5 There is akinde of Nauelwoort that groweth in waterie places,which is called ofthe hut 
bandmen Sheeps bane,becaufe it killeth fheepe that do eat thereof : itis not much vnlike the pre- 
cedent,but the round edges of theleaues are not fo euenas the other ; and this creepeth vpon the 


gtound,and the other vpon the ftone walls. 


1 PV mbilicus Veneris. ° $2 Vmbilicus Vea. five Cotyledon altera, 
Wall Penniwoort, Tagged or Rofe Penniwoort, 


Co A4Ce Aon YUwbhidirs. 


+ 6 Becaufe fome in Italy haue vied this for vmbilic Z 
: I l Hs Venerisand o 
it,] thought itnot amifle to follow Matthiolusand gine you the hiftory eect. a : 
than to omit it, or giue it inanother which may be perhaps as vnfit, for indeed I cauileg ely ike 


it 


@ The Place. 

The firft kind of Penniwoort groweth plentifully in Northampton vpon euety ftone wall about 
the towne, at Briftow,Bathe, Wells, and moft places of the Welt Countrie vpon ftone walls. It 
growethvpon Weftminfter Abbey, ouer the doore that leadeth from Chaucers tombe to the old 

alace. ¢ In this laft place it is notnow tobe found. ¢ 

The fecond, third, and fourth grow vpon the Alpes neere Piedmont, and Bauier.and vpon the 
mountaines of Germanie: I found the third growing vpon Biefton Caftle in Chefhire, APT TY Make 
e-t The fifth growes vpon the Bogges vpon Hampftead Heath,and many fuch rotten grounds } Hide 
in other places. ¢ 


They are greene and flourith efpecially in VVinter : They flourealfo in the beginning of 


Sommer. at 
q The Names. oar ; 


E < : : SONY va dul 5 ’ ! f 

" Nauelwoort is called in Greeke ewadw : in Latine, Vmbilicus Venerisand Acetabulum : of diuers, Wt | 
HerbaCoxendicum : Iatobus Manlius nameth it Scatum Celi, and Scatellum : in Dutch, Mauelerupt ° ; ih y Ml} 
Pian | 

i 


| 
q The Time. lat 


in Italian, Cupertoiwle : in French,£/cewelles : in Spanith, Capadella : of fome, Hortus V enerisjor Venus 

garden, and Terre vmbilicus,or the Nauel of the earth : in Engiifh,Penniwoort, Wall-penniwoort, 

Ladies nauell, Hipwoort and Kidney-woort, be 
VVater Penniwoort is called in Latine Cotyledon palustris : in Englifh, Sheepe-killing Penni. thy noc oly Ota / 

graffe, Penny-rot,and in the North Countrey VVhite-rot: for there isalf{@ Red-rot,whichis Rofo arts Hi 

folis : in Northfolke it is called Flowkwoort. + Colummaand Bawhine fitly referthis to the Ranun- i 

culi,ot Crowfeet ; for it hath no affinitie at all with the Cotyledons (but onely in the roundneffe 

ofthe leafe) the former of them cals it Ranunculus aquaticus vinbilicatofolio, and the later, Ranunculus 


aquat Cotyledonis folio. 
The Temperature. He) 


Nauelwoort is of a moift fubftance and fomewhat cold, and ofa certaine obfcure binding qua- AMEAM a |: 
litie : it cooleth,repelleth,or driueth backe,fcoureth,and confumeth, or wafteth away,as Galen te- 
itifieth. 

+ The VVater Pennywoort is of an hot and vicerating qualitie,like to the Crow feet,whereof 
itisa kinde. The baftard Italian Nauelwoort feemes to pattake with the true in cold and moi- 
fture. + 

The Vertues. 

The iuice of VVall Pennywoort is a fingular remedie againft all inflammations and hot tumors, A ‘i 
as Eryfipelas, Saint Anthonies fire,and firch like ; and is good for kibed heeles,being bathed ther- } 

with,and one or more of the leaues laid vpon the heele. 

The leaues and rootes caten doe breake the {tone, prouoke vrine,and preuaile much againft the B | i 
dropfie. fest | 

The ignorant Apothecaries doe vfe the V Vater Pennywoort in ftead of this of the wallwhich CG | 
they cannot doe without great error,and much danger to the patient : for husbandmen know well, | 
that itis noifome vnto Sheepe, and other cattell that feed thereon,and for the moft part bringeth Lt ! 
death vnto them,much more tomen by a ftronger reafon. a 


Cuare 


530 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, L 13,2) 


3 Vinbilicus Veneris minor, ¥ 4 Cotyledon minor montana altera. 
Small Nauelwoort. The other fmal] mountaine Nauelwoort. 


£ 6 Cymbalariattalica. 


Italian Baftard Nauelwoort. | 
( Cy nant ak awror 


5 Cotyledon paluftris. 
‘WaterPenniwoort, | 


LiMn rv WV a 


yO 


J 


—— - ?P A Lf 
pn SS po Pe 
Giz 
LA SM 
= 
ZA 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


Cuaps 152, Of Sea Pennywoort. 


1 Androface Matthioli. th 
Sea Nauel-woort. @| The Defcription. 


I T He Sea Nauel-woort hath 
many round thicke Jeaues 
{ike vnto little faucets, fet ypon fmall & 
tender ftalks,bright,fhining,and fmooth, 
of two inches long , for the moft part 
growing vpon the furrowed thels of coc ~ 
kles or the like,euery {mall ftem bearing 
vpon the end or point, one little buckler 
and no more, refembling anauell ; the 
ftalkeand Jeafe fet together in the mid_ 
dle of the fame. Whereupon the Herba- tie eH 
tifts of Montpelier haue called it Vm- abit 
bilicus Marinws,or {ea Nauel. The leaues aia 
and ftalkes of this plant,whileft they are MAE EME 1B 
yet in the water,are of a pale ath colour, | a Aa 
2 Androface annua fpuria. but being taken forth, they prefently Hie | 
One Sommers Nauell-woort. waxe white,as Sea Moffe, called Coral. Leet 
na,or the fhel ofa Cockle, It is thought Wie aA ti at 
to be barren of feed’, and is in tafte fal- ip Pe i 
J 


tifh. 

2 The fecond Androfice hath little eh 
fmooth leaves, {pred vpon the ground aise ; 
like vnto the leaues of finall Chickyeed H i 
or Henbit,whereof doubtles it is a kind: Bie | } 
among which rifeth vp a flender ftemi, 4 | 
hauing at ‘the top certaine little chaffie 4 
floures of a purplith colour. The feed is } 
contained in {mall fcaly husks, ofa red- HY a Nt 
dith colour,& a bitter tafte. Thewhole Lime a tbe A 
plant perifheth when it hath perfe@ed ES Met a |p | 
his feede, and mutt be fowne againe the ; ih i 
next yeare:which plant was giuén to Ma- 
thiolus by Cortufis, who(as he affirmeth) 
receiuied it from Syria ; but I thinke hee ea 
faid fo to make Matthiolus more ioy full: 


it, : 
but furely I furmife he picked it out of ; 
one old wal or other,where it doth grow Ha WH 
euen as the fmall Chickweed,or Naile. ti it ° 


woort of the wall do, 

¢ The figure thatwas here was that 
vnperfea one of Matthiolus ; and the de- i 
{cription of our Authour was framed by hi 
it,vnleffe the laft part therof, which was 
taken out ofthe C4duerfaria pag.166.t0 i 
amend both thefe, we here prefent you Te: ie 
with the true figure and defcription, ta- ba, Whe 
ken out of theworkes of the iudicious 
and painfull Herbarift Carolus Clufixs It 


hath(faith he) many Jeaues lying flat vponthe ground,like to thofe of Plantaine,but leffer and of ih f 
apale greene colour, and toothed about the edges, foft alfo and iuicie, and of fomewhat 4 biting be 
tafte. Among ft thefe leaues rife vp fiue or fix ftalkes of an handfull high,commonly ofa green,yet eb aie 
fometimes of a purple colour,naked and fomewhat hairy, which at their tops carry ina circle fiue nt 
roundith leaues alfa little toothed and hairy ; from the midft of which arife fue or more foor- hah 


" ftalks,each bearing a gteenith rough or hairie,cup & parted alfo into fiuc little leaues or iags,in tl Heh 


532 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lip.2 


midft of which ftandsa little white floure parted alfo into fiue; after which fucceed pretty large 
feed veffels which containe an vnequall red feed like that of Primzofes, but bigger : the rooris fin- 
gle and flender, and dies as foon as the feed is perfected. It growés naturally in diuers places of 
‘Auitria,and amongtft the corne about the Bathes of Baden ; Whereas it floures in Aprill and ri- 
pens the feed in May and Tune. ¢ 
@ The Place. 
Androface will not grow any where but in water: great ftore of it isabout Frontignan by Mont- 
ellier in, Languedoe,where euery fifher- man doth know it. 
The fecc nid gre »weth ypon old {tone and mud walls :notwith ftanding I haue(the more to grace. 
Matthiolus great iewell) planteditinmy garden. 
gy. The Time, 
rofice Houreth in Luly,and the feed is ripe in Auguit 
gq 7 he Names. 
Andvoface is of fome called ¥mbilicus marinus, or fea Nauell, 
¢ The fecond is knowne and called by the name of Andyoface altera Matthioli,. + 
q The Temperature. 
The fea Nauell is of a diureticke qualitie,and more drie than Galen thoughtit tobe, and leffe 
hot than others haue deemed it :there can no moifture be found init, 
@ The Vertues, 
A. ScaNauelwoort prouokcth vrine, and digefteth the filthinefe and fliminefle gathered in the 
ioints, 
Two drams of it, as Déoftorides faith, drunke in wine, bringeth downe great ftore of vrine out of 
their bodies that haue the dropfie, and maketha good plaifter to ceafe the patne of the gout, 


Thebaftard 47 


w 


Cua v. 153. Of Rofe-woort, or Rofercot. 


Rhodia radix, 


q The Defcription, 

Ofewoort hath many fmall,thicke,and fat 

ftems, growing from a thicke and knobby 

root: the vpper end of it for the moft part 
ftandeth out of the ground,and is there ofa pur- 
plith colour, bunched & knobbed like the root 
of Orpin,with many hairy ftrings hanging ther- 
at,ofa pleafant fmell when it is broken,like the 
damaske rofe, whereof it tooke his name. The 
Ieaues are fet round about the ftalks,euen from 
the bottome tothe top, like thofe of the field 
Orpin, but narrower, and more {hiptabout the 
edges. The floures grow at the top of a faint yel- 
low colour, 

@ The Place. 

Itgroweth very plentifully in the North part 
of England, efpecially ina place called Ingle- 
borough Fels,neere ynto the brookes fides, and 
notelfewhere that I canas yet finde out, from 
whence I hauc had plants for my garden. 

@ The Time, 

It floureth and flouritheth in Iuly, and the 
{ecd istipe in Augutt. 

@ The Names. 

Some haue thought it hath taken the name 
Rhidia of the Ifland in. the Mediterranean {ca, 
called Rhodes : but doubtleffe it took his name 
Rhodiaradix,of the root which fmelleth like a 
rofetin Englith,Rofe-root,and Rofe-woort. 

G The Vertues, 
ting of thé faculties of Rofewoort 


There is littleextant inwri 
rootbe ftamped-with oile of 
head. 


: bur this I haué found that if the 
: j a pee | ‘ t ted s Be 
Roles and laidto the temples of the head, it: aferth the paine of the 


CHAP. 


Liss 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: 
C war. 14.4. Of Sampier. 


x Crithmum marinum, : 2 Grithmum Spinofim, 
phoro Thornie Sampier. 4 fp nr eS or 


333 


q The Defcription, 


X Ocke Sampier hath many fat 
and thicke leaues, fomewhat 4 
like thofe of the leffer Purflane, of a {picy A RS | 
tafte with acertaine faltnefle ; amongtt Mt ! ‘itt 
which rifeth vp a ftalke, diuided into ma- 1 aad 
ny fmal {praies or {prigs;on the top wher- . 
of doe grow fpokie tufts of whitefloures, 1g) My 
like the tufts of Fenell or Dill, after that Ht Ha 
commeth the feed like the feed of Fenell, hi 
but greater. The root is thicke and knob- 
bie,being of fmell delightfull & pleafant 


Bus ae 


2 The fecond Sampier called Pafti- Hi | 
naca marina,or Sea Parfnep,hath long far 
leaues, very much iagged or cut cuen to Me Wt 
the middle rib, tharpe or prickley poin- i | f 
ted, which are fet vpon large fat tointed ay i 
ftalks; on the top whereof do grow tuftes ei ae | 
of whitith,or els reddifh floures. The feed tate te ely | 
is wrapped in thornie huskes. The root is | 4 a i i } 
thick and Jong,notvnlike to the Parfnep, i Hl Tae 
very good and wholefome tobe eaten, : i 

3 Golden Sampier bringeth forth ma- 4 a] i 

lik 


ny ftalks from one root,compaffed about 

with a multitude oflong fat leaues,fet to- : 
gether by equall diftances , at the top : 
whereof come yellow floures. The feed is 4 i 
like thofe of the Rocke Sampier. Hah 
Yy : il The } shy 


534. Of the Hifterie of Plants. Lise2. 


q The Place. 

Rocke Sampiet gtoweth on the rockiecliffes at Douer, VVinchelfey, by Rie, about South: 
hampton, the [ile of VVight,and moft rockes about the Weft and North-weft parts about Eng- 
land. 

The fecond groweth necre the Sea vpon the fands,and Bayche between Whitftable and the Ifle 
of Thanet,by Sandwich,and by the fea neere Weftchefter, ; 

The third groweth in the myrie marth in the [fle of Shepey,as you go from the Kings Ferrie,to 
Sherland houfe. 

q The Time. 

Rocke Sampier flourifheth in May and Iune, and must be gathered 'to be kept in pickle in the 
beginning of Auguft. . 

@ The Names. é 

Rocke Sampier is calledin Greeke ius: in Latine, Crithmum + and of diuers, Batz : in fome 
fhops,Creta marina : of Petrus Crefcentius, Cretamum, and Rincum marinum: in high Dutch, MDeey= 
fenchel which is in Latine, Fenseulum marinum,or Sea Fenell : in Italian,F enocchio marino, ide 
di San Pietro, and hereupon divers name it Sampetra - in Spanith, Perexil de la mer, Hinoio marino, F e 
nolmarin: in Englith,Sampier,and Rocke Sampier,and of fome, Creftinarine ; andthefe bee the 
names of the Sampier generally eaten in fallads. 

The other twobe alfo Crithma or Sampiers, but moft of the later writers would draw them to 
{ome other plant : for one calleth the fecond Paftinaca marina,ox {ea Parfnep,and the third After 
atticus marinus,and Lobelnames it Chryfanthemum Littorenm: butwe had rather entertaine them as 
Matthiolus doth,among the kindes of Crithmum,or Sampicr. 

The Temperature. 

Sampier doth drie,warme,and fcoure,as Galen faith. 


| The Vertues. 


‘A ‘The leaues,feeds, and roots, as Disftorides faith, boiled inwine and drunke,prouoke vtine, and 
womens ficknefle,and preuaile again{t the iaundies, a 

B The leaues kept in pickleand eaten in fallads with oile and vineger,is a pleafant fauce for meat} 
wholefome for the ftoppings of the liuer,milt, kidneies and bladder : it prouoketh vrine gently; it 
openeth the {toppings of the intrals,and ftirreth vp anappetite to meat. : Shee cr. 

5 ~ S “1° x A >. aS Pa ae) 

C It isthe pleafanteft fauce,moft familiar, and beft agreeing with mans body,both for digeftion 

of meats,breaking of the ftone,and voiding of grauell in the reines and bladder. 


Cuar. 155. OfGlaffe Saltwoort, 


@ The Defcription. 


4 Laffewoort hath many groffe, thicke and round ftalkesa foot high, fullof fatand 
thicke {prigges, fer with many knots or ioints,without any leaues at all,ofa reddifh 
greene colour. The whole Plant refembletha branch of Corall. The root is very 

{mall and fingle. ‘ ; 

2 There is another kinde of Saltwoort, which hath been taken among the antient Herbarifts 

fora kinde of Sampier. It hath a little tender ftalkea cubite high, diuided into many {mall bran- 

g ches,fet full of little thicke leaues very narrow, fomewhat long and fharpe pointed, yet not prick. 
ing ; amongft which commeth forth fmall feed, wrapped in a crooked huske,turned round likea 
crooked perwinkle. The ftalkes areof areddifh colour. The whole plant is of afalt and biting 
tafte. The root is {mall and threddie. 

t 3 There is likewife another kinde of Kali,whereof Lobe! maketh mention vnder the name 
of Kalt minus,which is like to the laft beforeremembred,but altogether leffer,¢ hauing many flen- 
der weake branches lying commonly {pred vpon the ground, and fet with many {mall round long 
fharpe pointed leaues,of a whitith green colour:the feed is fmall and fhining,not much volikethat 
of Sorrell : the root is flender with many fibers;the whole plant hath a faltifh tafte like as the for- 
mer.Dodon. cals this Kali albav.£ 


@ The 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


1 Salicornia, five Kali geniculatum, $2 Kali maiusfemiie cochleato, 
Glaffewoort, Saltwoort,or Sea-grape, Snaile Glaffewoort, 
dabico U4 Low BO ACL AX 


£3 Kaiminys, ° | The Place: oF! Ae 
Small Glaffewoort! ; bes Plants ateto be foundin fale fi 
Wit DIDDO ed sialic ue hata mar(hes almott cuery where. Atha ih 
Chinclre ba > The fecond excepted, which lh aan A 
(2 Ub © manrcbanund gtowes nothere, but vpon the coafts of il 
R\ vas the Mediterranean fea, $ 
a The Time. RH BTiS 
~\ r= ‘They floure and flourifh in the Som 
\\ Wi 4 ( mer moneths, . 4 
N/a NY) NIK The Names. 4 HY ABA) 
SWZ i WV a \ \ilag A Saltwoort is called of the Atabians 1] 
Zap ts \\ Vf i) Wn VAG Kaliand Alkali. Auicen, chap. 724. th | 
vy WA ANE WN defcribeth them vnder the name 
AWE) i Vy a of / fren, which differeth from 7/zce:for 
y Wa Way PV fee is that whichthe Grecians call 


&éo:and the Latines, Mufcus,or Mofle 


ra yp Ve Ay 
: LR YS 


s Ay 1] i h 
<i) Yd) ) Lo, f of fome,as Baptifta Montanus:it hath bin ‘| 
ID LL iudged tobe Empetron. ‘dl 
\ 7, The axen orafhes hereof are named Hab | i 


is of Mattheus Siluaticus, Soda:of moft, Sal 
C4lkalis divers call it Aluwmen catinum, 1H 
Others make this kind of difference be. ba 
tweene Sal Kali, and Alumen catinnm, i, 
that A/umen catinum is the afhes it felf ; ; 
and that the falt that is madeof the a- fh i) 
fhes is Sal Alkali. i i} |} 
Stones are beaten to pouder,& mix. im i} 
ed with afhes,which beeing melted ro- ma Hy 
gether become the matter wherof ¢laf- 
fesare made. VVhich while it is made ; 
ted hor inthe furnace, and is melted, a att) 
becomming liquide aad fit ro work vp- Bi aie 
on,doth yeeld as itwerea far floting aloft , which,when it is cold,waxethas hard as a ftone, yer it ‘ HH) 
is brittle, and quickely broken. This is commonly called Axungiavitri. In Englith, Sandeuer : a 
in French, Suinde Voirre : in Italian,F ior dz criffalo,(i) Floare of Chriftall, The Herbe is alfo called 
: ; Yy2 of 


536 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. biper. 
of diuers Kali articulatum, or iointed Glaffe-wo ort :and in Englith, Crabbesgrafle, and Frogge- 
grafle. 


q The T emperature, 


Glaffe-woort is hot and drie : the afhes are both drier and hotter, and that euen to the fourth 
degree : theafhes hauea caufticke or burning qualitie. 
q The Vertues, 


A A little quantitie of the herbetaken inwardly, doth not onely mightily prouokevrine, but in 


B 


like fort cafteth forth the deadchilde. It draweth forth by fiege waterifh humours,and purgeth 
away the dropfie. 

A great quantitie taken is mifchieuous and deadly. The fmelland fmokealfo of this hearbe 
being burnt doth driue away ferpents. 


Cc The afhes are likewife tempered with thofe medicines that ferue to take away {cabs and filth 


off the skin: it eafily confumeth proud and fuperfluous flefh that groweth in poifonfome vicers,as 
Axicen and Sexapio report. 


D Wee read inthe copies of Serapio, that Glafle-woort is a tree fo great,that a man may ftand yn- 


der the fhadow thereof; butit is very like,that this errour proceedeth rather from the interpreter, 
than from the Authour himfelfe. 


BE _ The floure of Chriftall,or (as they commonly terme it, Sandeuer)doth wonderfully drie. It ea- 


fily taketh away fcabbes and mangineffe, if the foule parts be wafhed and bathed with the water 
wherein it is boiled. 


Cuar. 156. Of ThorowWaxe. 


y Perfoliasaomle arts. 2 Perfoliata: filiquofa. 
Common Thorow-waxe. Codded Thorow-waxe 


hy wpe nr obrnclif-o ltr Pp, nad CooL ovutilalh, / 


band. POF neioyaiPhak 3 317 


’ 


e 
G The Defeription. 


I Horow-wax or Thorow-leafe,hath a round, flender,and brittle ftalk,diuided into ma- 
ny {mall branches, which paffe or goe thorow the leaues > as though they-bd beene 
drawne or thruft thorow,and to make it more plaine, euery branch doth grow thorow 


euery leafe, making them like hollow cups or faucers, The feed groweth in {pokie tufts of run- 
dles like Dill,long and blackith. The floures are of a faint yellow colour. The root is finele,white 
and threddie. é 

2 Codded Thorow-wax reckoned’by Dodoneus among the Braffickes or Colewoorts,and ma. 
king ttakinde thereofand calling it Bra ica {yluctr is perfolzata : though in mine Opinion without 
- reafon,fith ic hath neither fhape,atinitie,nor likeneffe with any of the Colewoorts,but altogether 
mott vnlike,refembling very well the common Thorow-wax ; whereunto [rather refer ir. It hath 
{mall,tender,and brittle ftalkes two foot high, bearing leaues, which wrap and inclofe them flues 
round abou talthough they do not run thorow as the other do,yet they grow in fuch. manner, that 
vpon the fudden view thereof, they feeme to pafle thorow as the other:vpon the fimall branches do 
Stow little white floures : which being pait,there fucceed flender and Jong cods like thofe of Tur. 
heps or Nauewes, whofe leaues and cod@de fomewhat refemble the fame,from whence it hath the 
name Wapéfolia,that is, Thorow-wax with leaues like vnto the Nauew. The roor is long and fingle, 
and dieth when it hath brought forth his feed. 

“s There is awilde kinde hereof growing in Kent,in many places among the corne,like'to the for. 
mer in each refpect,but altogether leffer:thewhich no doubt brought into the garden would proue 
the very fame. 

| The Place, 

+ The firft deferibed growes plentifully in many places about Kent, and betweene Farning- 
hamand Ainsford it growes in fuch quantitie(as I haue been informed by M' Bowles)in the corne 
fields on the tops of the hils,that it may wellbe termed the infirmitie of them. 

The later growes not wilde withvs that cucr I could finde,though Lobel'feemes toaffirme the 
contrary. £ 

They grow in the gardens of Herbarifts, and in my garden likewife, 


The Time, 
‘They floure in May and Iune, and their feed is ri pe in Auguft, 


; @] The Names, 

r Ithath beene called from thebeginning Perféliata,becaufe the ftalke doth paffe thorow the 
leafe, following the fignification of the famie : wee call it in Englith,Thorow-waxe, or Thorow- 
leafe. 

¢ 2 Thisby the moft and bef part of VVriters (though our Authour be of another Opinion) 
isvery fitly referred to the wilde Cole-woorts » and called Braffica campeftris by Clufizs and by 

, Gamerarius sBraffica agreftis by Tragus yet Lobel callethit Perfoliata N. apifolia Anglorum filiquofa, 


The Temperature, 
Thorow-waxe is ofa dry complexion. 
q The Vertues, 
The deco&tion of Thorow-wax made of water or wine,healeth wounds. The iuice is excellent A 
for wounds made either into an oile or vnguent, 
The greene leaues ftamped,boiled with wax,oile,rofine and turpentine,maketh an excellentvn- g 
_ Suent or falue toincarnate,or bring vp flefh in deepe wounds, 


re 


Cuar. 157. Of Honie-woort. 6 


4 The Defcription, 


I Erinthe ot Honie-woort rifeth forth of the ground after the fowing of his feed, with 

two fmall leaues like thofe of Bafil, betweene thewhich leaues.commeth forth a thick 

_ fat,fmooth,tender,and brittle falk fullofiuice,that diuideth it felfe into many other 

branches; which alfo are diuided in fundry other armes or branches likewife,crambling or leaning 

toward the ground, being not able without Ptops to fuftaine it felfe,by reafon of the great molest 
LF ace a 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


1 Cerinthe maior. 
Great Honie-woort. 


3. Cerinthe minor 
Small Honie-w 


ootte 


ye ANY 


+ 2 Cerinthe afpertor flore flavo. 
Rough Honie-woort. 


of leaues, branches,& much iuice,the whole 
plant is furcharged with ; vpon which bran- 
ches are placed many thicke rough leaues, 
fet with very tharpe prickles like the rough 
skinne ofa Thornebacke, ofa blewifh green 
colour, fpotted very notably with white 
ftrakes and fpots, like thofe leaues of the 
true Pulmonaria or Cowllips of Ierufalem, 
and in fhape like thofe of the codded Tho- 
row-waxe, which leaues do clip or embrace 
the ftalkes round about: from the bofome 
whereofcome forth {mall clufters of yellow 
floures,with a hoope or band of bright pur- 
ple roundabout the middle of the yellow 
floure. The floure is hollow, fathioned like 
a little boxe, of the tafte of honiewhen itis 
fucked,in the hollowneffe whereof are many 
fmal chiues or threds;which being paft,ther 
fucceed round blacke feed,contained in foft 
skinnie husks. The root perifhethat the firft 
approch of YVinter. ¢ This varies nthe co- 
lour of the floures,which are yellow,or pur- 
ple,and fometimes of both commixt. + 
+2 The leaues of this other great Honic- 
wort(of Clu: def{cription) are fhaped like 
tho laf defcribed, but that they are nar- 
rower at their fetting on, and rougher; the 
Aloutes are alfo yellow of color,bitt in thape 
& magnitude like the former,as it is alfoin 
the feeds,& all the other parts thereof. + 
3 This 


: ae IB. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


339 


3 This other Cerinth or Honywort hath {mall long and flender branches, reeling this way and 
that way, as not ableto fuftaine it felfe, very brittle, befet with leaues not much vnlik e the 1 re s 
dent, but leffer, neither fo rough nor {potted,of a blewith greene colour, The floures be fnall ! ok 
low, and yellow. The feed is {mall, round,and as blackeas fet : the root is white,with ne rie 
the which diethas the former. There is a tafteas it wete ofnew wax in the floures or leaves hein 
ed, as the name doth feeme to import. ae 

@ The Place. 
Thefe plants do not grow wilde in England, yet I haue them in my garden ; thefeeds wherof I 
received from the right honorable the Lord Zouch, my honorable good friend. 
a The Time. 
They floure from May to Augutt, and perith at the firtt approch of Winter, and muftbe 
againe the next Spring. 


werl 
£ @ The Names, . 
+. x . The firftofthefe by Gefner is called Cyx0g lof montana and Cerinthe : Dodongus calleth it 
cMarnherba: and Lobel and others,Ceriathe major. 
2 The fecond is Cerinthe quorundams major flauo flore of Clufius, 
3 Thethird by Dodoneus is called Maru herba minor « and by Clufius, 


, 4 Cerinthe quorundam minor 
flano flore : Lobel al{o calls it Cerinthe minor, + 


i 

" 

5 dy AS 2 iu 

q The T emptrature and Vertues, 
| 

i] 


Pliny and Auicen feeme to agree, that thefe herbes are of a cold compl 


2 i Bree, of exion ; notwithftanding 
there is not any experiment of their vertues worth the writing. 


4 


Cuar. 158. OFS. bhns wort. Wai | 


Y 2 
2 Hypericum Syriacum, \ Hod 
Rew S, Iohns wort, | 


I Hypericum. 
S. Iohns wort, 


SE } 
Ds 
hs \Ws ; 
— & 
P \Z ’ 


tt, aw 

Ns 

y “RR 
ZB) z 

Hew Sy 


ne 


54.0 i Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


q The Defiription. 

I Aint Johns wort hath brownihh ftalkes befet with many fmall and narrow leaues, which 
if you behold betwixt your cyes and the light do appeare as itwere bored or thruft tho- 
row inan infinite number of places with pinnes points. The branches divide them- 

felues into fundry fmall twigs, at the top whereof doe grow many yellow floures, which with the 
leauesbruifed do yeeldatreddith inyce of the colour of bloud. The feed is contained in little 
fharpe pointed huskes, blacke of colour, and {melling like Rofin, The root is long, yellow,and of 
awooddy fubftance. 

2 Thefecondkinde of S. Iohnswort named Syriacum, of thofe that haue not feene the fruit- 
full and plentifull fields of England, wherein it groweth aboundantly, hauing {mall leaues almoft 
liketo Rew or Herbe-Grace : wherein Dodoneus hath failed,entituling the true Avdrofemum by the 
name of Ruiafylueftris ; whereas indeed it isno more-like Rew than an Apple toan Oifter. This 
plant is altogether like the’precedent, but fmaller, wherein confifteth the difference. It had 
beene fitter for our Author to haue giuenvs a better and perfecter defcription of this plant(which 
as he faith growes fo aboundantly with vs) than foabfurdly to cauill with Dodonens, for calling,as 
he faith, the true Andvofemum,Ruta fylucfivis : for ifthat be the true Azdrofamum which Dodonaus 
made mention of by the forefaid name, why did not our Author figure and defcribe it in thenext 
chapter fauc one, for Androfemum,but followed Dodonans in figuring and deferibing Tut/an for it 2 
See more hereof in the chapter of Tw/fan. I cannot fay Lhaue feene this plant ; but Lobel the Au- 
thor and fetter forth thereof thus briefely deferibes it ; the leaues are foure times leffer than thofe 
ofours, which grow thicke together as intundles vpon ftalkes, being acubithigh. The floures 
are yellow, and like thofe of our common kinde. + 

3 Woolly S.Lohns wort hath many fmall weake branches trailing vpon the ground, befet with 
many little leaues, couered ouer with a certaine foft kinde of downineffe : among which comnitth 
forth weake and tender branches charged with fimall pale yellow floures. The feeds and roots are 
like ynto the true S. lohns wort. 


+ 3 Hypericum tomentofum Lobel. Lobels woolly S. Tohns wort. 
YP PrLCn rw cle ALS — 


+ The figure that our Author gauewas of thatwhich There giue you fecond in the third’ place, 
vnder the title of Hyper.toment. Clufij , for Clufius faith it was his,and blames Lobel for making it all 
one with that he found about Montpelier ; whofe figure alfoI giue you firft in the third, place, 
that you may fee what difference you can obferue by them :for Clufins faith Lobels is butan hand- 
full high ; yet tells he not vs how high his growes, neither inftances how they differ, neither can I 
gather it by Lobels defcription : but I coniedture it is thus ; That of Clufius his defcription is tal. 
Jer, more white and hairy, and hath the floures growing along little foot-ftalks, and not in manner 
ofan vmbel, as in the other. ; 

+ 4 Befidesthefe two creeping hoary S. Iohns worts here defcribed, there is another {mall 
kindewhich is called by Dodonaus Hypericum minus , and by Lobel,Hypericum minimum [upinum Sep- 
tentrionale. It growes fome handfull or more high, with weake and flender branches fet with leaues 
like thofe ofthe ordinarie kinde, but leffe : the floures are alfo like thofe of the firft defcribed, but 
fewer in mumber,and leffe. It is to be found indry and barren grounds,and floures at the fame time 
as the the former. : 

5.» haue obferued growing in $, Iohns wood and other places, that kinde of S.Iohn Woe 

walicil 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 54 


which by Tragus is called Hypericum pulchrum sand both by him and Lonicerws is thought to be 
Diofcorides his Androfemum,the which we in Englith may for diftin@ions fake cal] Vpright Saint 
Johns wort.It hath roots like thofeof the ordinariekinde ; from which arife ftraight {lender flalks 
fome cubit high, fet at equail {paces with pretty fmooth leaues, broad, and almoft incompaffing 
the ftalke at their fetting on,and being fometimes ofa green,and otherwhiles of a reddifh colour: 
towards the top they are parted into fome few branches, which beare fuch yellow floures as the 
> ee kinde, but fomewhat {maller. It floures about the fame timeas the former, or a little 
aiter. ¢ 


3 Hypericum tomentofum Clufi}. 
Woolly S. lohns wort of Clufius, 


£ 4 Hypericum [upinumglabrum, 
Small creeping S, lohns wort. 


] The Place, 

They grow very plentifully in the paftures in euery countrey? 

| TheTime. 

They floure and flourith for the moft part in Iuly and Auguft. 

The Names, 

S.Johnswort is called in Greeke vam: in Latine, Hypericum: in fhops, Perforata : of diuers, 
Fugademonum : in Dutch, San Jobans kraut s in Italian, Hyperéco : in Spanifh, CaraconzZillo : in 
French, mille Pertuys : in Englifh, S.fohnswort, or S.lohns graffe. 

G The Temperature. 
§ Johns wort (as Gale teacheth) is hot and dry, being of fubftance thinne. 
@ The Vertues. 

S. Johns wort with his floures and feed boyled and drunken, prouoketh vrine,and is right good 
againft the ftone in the bladder, and ftoppeth the Jaske. The leaues ftamped are good to be layd 
vpon burnings, {caldings, and all wounds ; and alfo for rotten and filthy vicers. 

The leaues, floures, and feeds ftamped, and put intoa glaffe with oyle Oliue,and fetin the hor 
Sunne for certaineweekes together, and then {trained from thofe herbes, and the like quantitie of 
new put in,and funned in like manner, doth make an oyle of the colour of bloud, which is a mof 
precious remedy for deepe wounds, and thofe that are thorow the body, for finewes thatare prickt,' 
or any wound made with avenomed weapon. Lam accuftomed to make a compound oyle hereof’ 
the making of which ye fhall receiue at my hands, becaufe that I know in the world there is not a 
better, no not naturall balfam it felfe; for I dare vndertaketo cure any fuch wound as abfolurely 
in each refpe &, if not fooner and better, as any man whatfocuer (hall or may with natural! balfam. 

Take white wine two pintes,oyle oliue foure pounds,oile of Turpentine two pounds,the leaues, 
flqures, and feeds of S.Iohnswort, of each two great handfulls gently bruifed ; put them all toge- 
ther intoa great doubleglaffe, and fet it inthe Sunne eight or ten dayes;thenboyle them inthe 
fame glafle per balnenm Maria, that is, ina kettle of water with fome ftraw in the bottome, wherein 
the glaffe muft ftand to boyle : which done, ftraine the liquor from the herbes,and do as you did 
before, putting in the like quantitie of herbes, floures, and feeds, butnot any morewine. And {9 
haue you a.grcas {ecret for the purpofes aforefaid, 

Diofcorides 


c 


F 


542 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


Diofcorides faith, That the feed drunke forthe {pace of fourty dayes together, cureth the Sciati- 


ca, and all aches that happen in the hips. : 
The fame Author faith, That being takenwith Wine it taketh away Tertian and Quartane 
Agues. 


Cuap. 159. 
Of Saint Peters wort, or fquare S. Fobns Graffe. 
1 Afcyron. q The Defiription, 
y homie a uber. Aint Peters wort groweth to the height 
LK ofarenbit anda halfe, hauing a ftraight 


vpright ftalke fomewhat browne, fet by 
couples at certaine diftances,with leaues much like 
thofe of S, Iohns wort , but greater, rougher, and 
rounder pointed : from the bofome of which leaues 
come forth many {maller leaues, the which are not 
bored through, as thofe of S. Iohns wort are 3 yet 
fometime there be fome few fo bored through, The 
floures grow at the topof the branches of a yellow 
colour : the leaves and floures when they are brui- 
fed do yeeld forth a bloudy iuyce as doth S.Iohns 
wort, whereof this isa kinde. The root is tough, 
and of a wooddy fubftance. 
$2  Vpon diuers boggy grounds of this king- 
dome is tobe found growing that S. Peters Wort 
which Clufius defcribes in his Aucfarinm , by the 
name of Afcyrum fipinumacae This fends forth di- 
uers round hairy creeping ftalkes,which hecre and 
there put out new fibres or roots, and thefe are fet 
at certaine {paces with very round and hairie leaucs 
ofa whitith colour, twoata ioynt,and on the tops 
of thefe ftalkes grow a few {mall yellow floures 
which confift of fue leaues a piece ; thefe ftalks fel- 
dome fend forth branches, vnleffé it be one or two 
at the tops. It may well be called in Ene lith,Round 
leaued S.Peters wort, + i 


@ The Place. 

S. Peters wort, or S. Iohns Graffe groweth plentifully in the North part of England,efpecial- 
ly in Land{dale and Crauen : I haue found it in many places of Kent,efpecially in a copfe by Ma- 
fter Sidleys houfe neere Southfleet. 

@ TheTime. 

It floureth and flourifheth when S.Iohns wort doth. 

| The Names. 

Tris called in Greeke éawey : the Latines haue no other name but this Greeke name Afeyron. Ie 
is called of fome Androfemum : Galen maketh it bothakinde of Tutfan, and S.Iohns Wort :and 
faith it is named A/cyron,and A(iyroides:in Englith,S Peters wort, S quare or great S, Tohns graffe:. 
and of fome,Hardhay. Few know it from S.Iohns wort. 4 

q The Temperature. 
This herbe is of temperature hot and dry. 
“ql Thevertues, : 

Ttisendued with the fame vertues that $.Iohns wort is endued withalf. The feed, faith Diofco- 
vides, being drunke in foure ounces and a halfe of Meade, doth plentifully purge by fiege chole- 
ticke excrements, Galen doth likewife affirme the fame, : 

CG HAP. 


Cuar.i60, Of Tutfan or Parke-leanes: 


| The Defcription. 


I J He ftalkes of Tutfan be fraight,round, chamfered-or crefted,hard and wooddy,beins 
for the moft part two foot high. The Jeaues are three or foure times bigger shen 
thofe of §. lohns wort, which be at the firft greene ; afterwards,and in the end of 

Sommer ofadark red colour: out ofwhich is prefled a iuyce not like blacke bloud,but Claret or 

Gafcoigne wine. The floures are yellow, and greater than thofe of S.Peters wort, after which ri- 

feth vp a little round head or berry, firft greene, atterwards ted, laft of all blacke, wherein is con- 

tained yellowithred feed. The root is hard, wooddy, and of long continuance, 

= 2 This (which Doabaeus did not vnfitly call Ruta [ylucftris Hypericoides, and which others 
haue fet forth for Androfemum,and our Author the laft cha pter {aue one affirmed tobe the truer. 
drofemum, though here it feemes he had either altered his minde,or forgot what he formetly wrot) 
may fitly ftand in competitionwith the laf defcribed, which may pafle in the firft place for the 

Androfemnm ofthe Antients ; for adhuc fib judice lis eft. T will not here inGitt vpon the point of con- 

trouertie, but giue you a defcription of the plant, which is this : It fends vp round flender teddifh 

ftalkes fome two cubits high, fet with fewer yet bigger leaues than the ordinarie S. Iohns Wort, 

and thefe alfo more hairy : the floures and feeds are Itke thofe of the common S. Iohns wort, but 
fomewhat larger. It growes in fome mountainous and wooddy places ; and in the iduerfaria itis 
called Androfemum excellentius, fex magnum : and by Dodoneus (as we but now noted ) Ruta fyilueftris 

Hyperivoides, thinking it to be the Ruta {ylueftris which is defcribed by Diofcorides, lib.2. cap. 48. in 

the old Greeke edition of Manutius, xe. og. And in that of crarcellis Virgilius his Interpretati- 

on, in the chapter and booke but now mentioned ; but reie@ted among ft the Notha in the Paris B- 

+3.Cap. 25, 


dition 4zz0 1549. You may finde the defeription alfo in Dodonens, Pempt. prime, lib 
whither J refer the cutious, being loath here to infift further vponit,. + 


1 Clymenon Ttalorum. 
‘Tutfan, or Parke leaues. 
Hit oen wWirr- Onrolro Panu w60LE 


$ 2 Androfemum Hypericoides, 
Tutfan S.Lohns wort, 


(7 


fs 
Gj) Cs 


7277-011 (amas 


q the 


S44 Of the Hiftory of Plants. _. Lippveral 


@ The Place. 

Tutfan groweth inwoods and by hedges, efpecially in Hampfted wood, where the Goldenrod 

doth grow ; inawood by Railie in E flex, and many other places. 
@| The Time. 

It floureth in Tuly and Augutft : the feed inthe meanetimewaxeth ripe. The leaues becomered 

in Autumne; atthat time is very eafily preffed forth his winie inyce. 
q The Names. 

It is called in Greeke «itesoajuer : and the Latines alfo Androfemon : itislikewifecalled Diony fias, 
as Galenwitneffeth. They are farre from the truth that take it to be Clymenum,and it is needlefle to 
finde fault with their error. Itis alfo called Séciliana,and Herba Sicilana : in Englith, Tutfan, and 
Parke-leaues. \ 
@ The Temperature 

The faculties are fuch as S, Peters wort, which doth fufficiently declare it tobe hot and dry. 

«| The Vertues. 

The feed hereof beaten to pouder,and drunke to the weight of two drams, doth purge chole- 
ticke excrements,as Diofcorides writeth ; and isa fingular remedie for the Sciatica, prouided that 
the Patient do drinke water for a day or two after purging. 

The herbe cureth burnings, and applied vpon new wounds it ftancheth the bloud, and healeth 
thera. R 

The leaues laid vpon broken fhins and {eabbed legs -healeth them, and many other hurts and 

griefes, whereof it tooke his name Tout-faine, or Turfane, of healing all things. 


#Cuar.i61. Of Baflard S. Fobns wort. 


+ 1 Cori Matthioli. £ 2 Coris cerulea Monfpeliaca. 
Matthiolus his baftard S$. lohns wort. French baftard S.Iohns wort, 


ep He diligence of thefe later times hath beene fuch to finde out the Materia medica of the 
Antients, that there is fearfe any plant defcribed by them, but by fome or other of late 

there haue been two or more feuerall plants referred thereto: and thus it hath happened vato that 
which 


Lis. 2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 545 


which Diofcorides lib. 3, cap. 174. hath fet forth by the nameofCors ; and prefently defcribes after 
the kindes of Aypericon, and that with thefe words ; is 44 am vapmey ext. Some alfo call this 1 peri 
con to which Maithiolus and others haue fitted a plant, which is indeed a kinde of Hypericon,as you 
may perceiue by the figure and defcription which I giue you inthe firft place. Some (as Hefychi- 
us )rcferre it to Chamepytis,(and indeed by Diofcorides itis placed betweene Avdyofamon and Chame- 


pytis) and to this that which is defcribed by Pena and Lobel inthe Aduerf. and by Clufizs in his Hi- 
{toric, may fitly be referred: this I giue you inthe fecond place. 


| The Defiription. 


r Ei firft hath a wooddy thicke and long lafting root, which fendeth vp many branches 

fome foot or more high, and it is fet at certaine {paces with round leaues like thofe of 

the {mall Glafle-wort or Sea-Spurry, but fhorter: the tops of the ftalkes are diuided into fundrie 

branches, which carry floures like thofe of S.Iohns wort, of a whitith red colour,with threds in 

their middles hauing little yellow pendants. It growes in Italy and other hort countries, in places 

not far from the fea fide. This is thought to be the true Corés, by Matthiolus, Gefuer, Lomecerus, La- 
cuta, Bellas, Pona, and others. 

2 This fromathicke root red on the outfide fendeth vp fundry ftalkes, fome but an handfull, 
other fomea foot or more long, {tiffe, round, purplith, fet thicke with leaues like thofe of Heath, 
but thicker, more fucculent and bitter, which fo netimes grow orderly, and otherwhiles out of or- 
der, The {pikes or heads grow onthe tops of the branches, confi {ting ofa number of little cups, 
diuided into fiue fharpe points, and marked with a blacke fpot in each diuifion : out of thefe cups 
comes a floure of a blew purple colour, of a mott elegant and not fading colour ; and it is compo. 
fed of foure little bifide leaues, whereof the two vppermoftare the larger : the feed,which is round 
and blackifh, is contained in feed-veffels hauing points fomewhat fharpeor prickly, It floures in 
Aprilland May, and is tobe found growing in many places of Spaine, as alfoabout Mompelier in 
France ; whence Penaand Lobel called it Coris Aton/pelraca; and Clufius Cori quorundam Gallorume & 
Hifpanoram. ; 

q The Temperature. 


Thefe Plants feeme to be hot in the fecond or third degree, 


@ The Vertues, 


Diofiorides faith, That the feed of Coris drunke moue the courfes and vrine, are good againft 
the biting of the Spider Phalangium,the Sciatica, and drunke in Wine, againft that kinde of 


Convulfion which the Greekes call opifthotonos, (which is when the body is drawne backwards) 


as alfo againft the cold fits in Agues. Itis alfogood anointed with oyle, againft the aforefaid 
Convulfion. + ; 


Cuap. 162. Of the great Centorie. 


G| The Defcription. 

z He great Centory bringeth forth round fmooth ftalkes three cubits high: the leaues 
are long, diuided as it were into many parcels like tothofe of the Walnut tree, and 
ofan ouerworne grayith colour, fomewhat fhipt about the edges like the teeth of a 
faw. The floures grow at the top of the ftalks in fcaly knaps like the great Knapweed,the middle 
thrums whereof are ofa light blew or sky colour :when the feed is ripe the whole knap or head 
turneth intoa downy fubftance like the head of an Artichoke, wherein is found along fmooth 
feed, bearded at one end like thofe of Baftard Saffron, called Cartamus, or the feed of Cardns Bene. 
diéus. The rooris great, long, blacke on the outfide, and ofa fanguine colour on the infide,fome- 
what fiveet in tafte, and biting the tongue. 
2. There is likewife another fort, hauing great and large leaues like thofe of thewater Docke, 
fomewhat fnipt or toothed about theedges. The ftalke is fhorter than the other, but the root is 
more Oleous or fuller of iuyce, otherwife like, The floure is of a pale yellow purplifh colour, and 

the feed like that of the former. ; : 


Y he 1 ens 


A 


54.6 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 


". 1 Centaurinm MAGN. = 2 Centaurinm mains alterum, 
Great Centorie, Whole leaued great Centorie, 


q The Place. 
The great Centoric ioyeth ina fat and fruitful foile,and in Sunny bankes full of Graffe and 


herbes. It groweth very plentifully, faith Diofcorides, in Lycia, Peloponnefus, Arcadia, and Mo- 
rea : and itis alfo tobe found vpon Baldus a mountaine inthe territories of Verona,and likewife in 
my garden. 


G The Time, 
It floureth in Sommer,and the roots may be gathered in Autumne, 
G The Names, 

It is called in Greeke Kardon nia: of Theophraftus alfo Centauris + in diuers fhops falfly Rha Pon 
ticum : for Rha Ponticnmis Rha growing in the countries of Pontiis 54 plant differing from great 
Centorie. Theophraftus and Pliny fet downe among the kindes of Panaces or All. heales, this great 
Centorie, and alfo the leffer, whereofwe will write in the next chapter following. Pliny reciting 
the words of rheophraftus, doth in his twenty fifth booke and fourth chapter write, that they were 
found outby chiro the Centaure, and fyrnamed Cearauria. Alfoath tming the fame thing in his 
fixth chapter (where he mote largely expoundeth both the Centauries) hee repeateth them to be 
found out by Cdiron : and thereupon he addeth, that both of them are named Chironia. Of fome it 
isreported, That the faid Chiron was cured therewith of a wound in his foot, that was made with 
an arrow that fell vpon it when he was entertaining Hercales into his houfe ; whereupon it was cal- 
led Chironium » or of the curing of the wounds of his fouldiers,for the which purpofe it is moft ex- 
cellent. ~ 

| The Temperature. , 

Itis hotand dry inthe thirddegree, Gales faith, by the tafte of the root it theweth contraric 

qualities, fo in the vfe it performeth contrarie effets, 
@ The Kertues. 

The root taken in the quantitic of twodrams is good for them that be burften,or {pit bloud ; 
againft the crampe and fhrinking of finewes,the fhortneffe ofwind or difficultic of breathing, the 
coughand gripings ofthe belly. 

There is not any part of the herbe but it’rather worketh miracles than ordinarie cures in greene 
wounds ; for it ioyneth together the lips of fimple wounds in the fleth,according to the firft inten- 
tention, that is, glewing the lips together; not drawing to the place any matter at all, 


The 


Lis. 2. dies Of the Hiftory of Plants. 547 


py. 


The root of this Plant (faith Diofcorides) isa remedie for ruptures, coavulfions, arid cramps,ta- A 
ken inthe weight oftwo drams, to be giuen with wine to thofe that are withoura fever, and! Ynto 


Galen faith, thatthe iuyce of the Jeaues thereof petformeth thofe things that the root doth: R 
whichis alfo vfed in ftead of Lyciwm, a kinde of hard inyce of a fharpe tafte: . : 


+ 


Cuar. 163% Of Small Centorie. 


| The Deféription, 


Y Heleffer Centorie is a little herbe : it groweth vp with a cornered ftalke halfe 4 foot 
high, with leaues in forme and bignefle of S. Johns wort : the floures grow at thetop 
ina {poky buth orrundle, ofared colour tending to purple; which in the day time 

and after the Sun is vp do open themfelues, but towards euening fhut vp againe : after them come 
forth fmall feed-ve flels, ofthe fhape of wheat cornes, in which are contained very little feeds. The 
root is flender, hard, and foone fading. 

2 The yellow Centoric hath leaues, ftalkes,and feed like the other, and is ineach refpe& 4: 
like, fauing that the floures hereof are of a perfe& yellow colour, which fetteth forth the diffe. 
rence. : 

+ This is oftwo forts; the one with broad Ieaues through which the ftalkes paffe s and the 
other hath narrow Jeaues like thofe of the common Centorie. + 


re 


E Centaurinm parvum 2 Centanrium parunm lutewm Lobel, 
Small Centorie. 


‘ ex plow Centorie. 
Charter, C Ip enMo Nal ow . 


WY) SZ a 


TER VM 
Al yn | (AN 


@ The Places 


t The firftis growing in great plenty throughout all England, inmof paftures and gralfie 

fields, j 
2 The yellow doth grow vpon the chalkie cliffes of Greenhithe in Kent,and fuch like pl ar 
Zz 2 ere ee 


A 


B 


Cc 
D 


548) Of the Hittorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


: ©] The Time. 
They are tobe gathered in their flouring time, that is in Iuly and Auguft: of fome 
them {uperftitioufly they are gathered betweene the two Lady dayes. 
Gq] The Names. 
The Greekes call this koe wat : i Latine it is called Centaurium minus ; yet Pliny nameth it 
Libadion, and by reafon of his great bitternefle, Fel terre. The Italians in Hetruria call it Biondel. 


éa: in Spanith, Cetoria : inlow-Dutch, Centogpe ¢ in Englifh, Small, little, or common €ento- 
re: in French,Centoire. 


that gather 


@| The Temperature. 

The {mall Centoric is ofa bitter qualitie,and of temperature hot and dry in the fecond degree, 
and the yellow Centorie is hot and dry in the third degree. 

; The Vertues. 

Being boyled in water and drunke it openeth the ftoppings of the liuer, galland {pleene,it hel- 
peth the yellow jaundice, and likewife long and lingering agues : it killeth the wormes in the bel- 
lie ; robe briefe, it cleanfeth, fcoureth, and maketh thinne humors that are thicke, and doth effe- 
tually performe whatfoeuer bitter things can. 

Diofcorides, and Galer after him report, thatthe deco Sion draweth dow 
thicke humors, and helpeth the Sciatica ; but though wee haue v 
could we not perceiue evidently th 
med the effects afore faid. 

This Centorie being ftamped and laid on whileft it is freth and 
greene wounds, cleanfeth old vicers, and perfe@tly cureth them, 


The iuyce is good in medicines for the eyes ;mixed with honey it cleanfeth away fuch things 


ashinder the fight; and being drunke it hath a peculiar vertue againft the infirmities ofthe finues, 
as Diofcorides teacheth. 


ne by fiege choler and 
fed this often and luckily, yet 
at it purges by the ftoole any thing atall,and yet it hath perfor- 


greene, doth heale and clofevp 


E The Italian Phyfitions do giue the pouder of the leaues of yellow Centorie once in three daies 


inthe quantitie of a dram, with annife or caraway feeds, in wine or other liquor, which preuaileth 
againft the dropfie and greene fickneffe. Of the red floured, Joannes Poftius hath thus written : » 


Flos mihi ftaue ruber, (ed ineft quoque [uccus amarus, 
ui juvat obfe(fum bile, aperitque jecur. 


My floure is feet in fell, bitter my iuyce in tafte, 
Which purge choler, and helps liuer, that elfe would wafte. 


Cuar. 164. Of (Calues fnout, or Snapdragon. 


gq The Defcription, 


I T He purple Snapdragon hath great and brittle ftalks, which diuideth it felfe into many 
fragile branches,whiereupon do grow long leaues fharpe pointed, very greene,like vnto 

thofe of wilde Hax, but much greater, fet by couples one oppofite againft another. The floures 
grow atthe top of the ftalkes, ofa purple colour, fafhioned likea frogs mouth, or rather adragons 
mouth, from whence the women haue taken the name Snapdragon. The feed is blacke,contained 
in round huskes fafhioned like a calues fnout, (whereupon fome haue called it Calues fhout ) or 


in mine opinion it is more like vnto the bones of a fheeps head that hath beene long in the water, 
the flefh confumed cleane away. 


2 The fecond agreeth with the precedent in euery part, except inthe colour of the floures, for 


this plant bringeth forth white floures, and the other purple, wherein confifts the difference. 

3 __ The yellow Snapdragon hatha long thicke wooddy root,with certain ftrings faftned there- 
to; from which rifeth vpa brittle ftalke of two cubits and a halfe high,diuided from the bortome 
tothe top into diuers branches, w hereupon doe grow long greene leaues like thofe of the former, 
but greater and longer.. The floures grow at the top of the maine branches, of a pleafant yellow 
colour, in thape like vntothe precedent. 

4 The fall orwilde Snapdragon differeth not from the others but in ftature:the leaues are 
leffer and narrower : the floures purple, but altogether {mallet : rhe heads or feed-veffels are alfo 
like thofe of the former. 

+ 5 There is another kinde hereof which hath many flender branches lying oft times vpon 
the ground : the leaues are much finaller than thefe of the lat deferibed : the floures and {ced-vef- 
fels are alfo like, but much leffer,and herein confifts the onely difference, £ 


= Mahe | Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


1.2. Aatirrhinum purpurenm fine album, 3 Antirrhinum lutenm. 
Purple orwhite floured Snapdragon, Yellow Snapdragon, 


SS 
WSS 


ga ey 
CE} 
4 Antirrhinums minus. 


Small Snapdragon, 


Owd in MWA (Orem AKG LARA 


550 "Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


| The Place. 

The three fir grow in moft gardens ; but the yellow kinde groweth not cohamon,except inthe 
gardens of curious Herbarifts. 

$ The fourth and fifth grow wilde amongft corne in diuers places. ¢ 

The Time, 

That which hath continued the whole Winter doth floure in May, and the reftof Sommer af. 
tetwards; and that which is planted later, and in the end of Sommer, floureth in the fpring of the 
following yeare : they do hardly endure the iniurie ofour cold Winter. 

& The Names. 

Snapdragon is called in Greeke wif: in Latinealfo Avtirrhinum : of Apuleius, Canis cerebrum, 
Herba Simiana, Venuftaminor, Opalisgrata, and Orontium : it is thought to be Leo herba, which Col. 
mella,lib 10. reckons among the floures : yet Gefzer hath thought that this Leo is Columbine, which 
for the fame caufe he hath called Leovtoifomium : but this name feemeth to vs to agree better with 
Calues fnout than with Columbine ; for the gaping floure of Calues fnout is more like to Lyons 
{nap than the floure of Columbine: it is called in Dutch Mrant sin Spanith,Cabesa de ternera: in 
Englith,Calues fnout,Snapdragon,and Lyons fhap : in French, Tefte de chien, and Teffe de Vean, 

q The Temperature. 

They are hot and dry, and of fubtill parts. 

; ey The Vertues. ; 

The feed of Snapdragon(as Galen faith) is good for nothing in the vfe of phy ficke,and the herb 
it felfe is of like facultie with Buboninm or Star-wort, but not foeffeatuall. i 

They report (faith Diofcorides) that the herbe being hanged about one preferuetha man from 
being bewitched, and that it maketh a man gracious in the fight of people. 

Cc Apuleius writeth, that the diftilled water,or the deco&tion of the herbe and rootmade in water, 1s 

a {peedy remedy for thewatering ofeyes proceeding ofa hot caufe, if they be bathed therewith, 


— 


w 


Cuar. 165. Of Tode-Flax. 


1 Linariavulearis lutea, 2 Linaria purpurea odorata, 
Great Te 


e-flax, wdis eee Sweet purple Tode-flax, 
dw DM U4 lh NW J 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 551 


@ The Defcription. 
x Taaria beingakinde of Antyrrhinum,hath {mall,flender,blackith ftalkes;fromwhich do 
| es many long narrow leaues like flax. The floures be yellow,witha {pur hanging at 
the fame like vntoa Larkes {pur,hauing a mouth like vntoa frogs mouth,euen fuch as 
is to bee feene inthe common Snapdragon, the whole plant before it come to floure fo much re. 
fembleth E/wla minor, that the one is hardly knowne from the other,but by this old verfe ; 


Efwla lactefcit fine latte Linaria crefciti 


+ Efwlawithmilke doth flow, 
Toad-flax without milke doth grow. + 


2 The fecond kinde of Tode-fiax hath leaues like vato Bellis maioror the great Dafie,bi 
fo broad, and fomewhat iagged about the edges. The ftalke is {mall and tender,ofa cubit his 
befet with many purple floures like ynto the former in fhape. The root is long, with many thred 
hanging thereat,the floures are of areafonable fiveet fauour. 

3. Thethird, being likewifea kinde of Tode- flax, hath fmall and narrow Jeaues like vnto the 
firftkinde of Linaria : the ftalke is acubit high, befet with floures of a purple colour,in fafhion 
like Limaria, but that it wanteth the taile or {purre at the end of the floure which the other hath, 
The root is fmall and thteddie. 

t 4 Linaria Valentina hath leaues like the lefler Centorye , growing at the bottome of the 
ftalke by three and three, but higher vp towards the top, without any certaine order: the ftalkes 
are ofa foot high; and it is called by Clu(ius,V alentina,for that it was found by himfelfe in Agro Fa- 
lentino, about Valentia in Spaine, where it beareth yellow. floures about the top of the ftalke like 
common Linaria, but the mouth of the floure is downie,or mofiie,and the taile of a purple colour. 
It flourcth at Valentiain March,and groweth in the medowes there, and hath not as yet been feene 
in thefe Northerne parts. ‘ 

5 Ofjris albahath great,thick,and long roots,with fome threds or ftrings hanging at the fame, 
from which rifevp many branches very tough and pliant, befet towards the top with floures not 
much vnlike the common Toad-flaxe.but ofa pale whitith colour,and the inner part of the mouth 
{omewhat more wide and open,and the leaues like the common Tode-flax, 


wn 


Tt 3 Linaria purpurea altera, + 4. LinariaValentia Clu 
Variable Tode-flax. Tode-flax of Valentia, 


jiith, 
7 


t 6 Of) ri 


552 Of the Hliftorie of Plants, Eisen 
ee eine de 


Ofjris alba, Lob. - 
as ae Wode-Aax: L flax that hath many fmal] and weake branches, 


+ 7 This hath many fmall creeping bran- 
ches fome handfull or better high,and hath fuch 
Jeaues,floures,and feed,as the common kinde,but 
all of them much leffe,and therein confifteth the 
difference, It growes naturally in the dry fields 
about Salamanca in Spaine,and floures all Som- 
met long. Lobel callsit Ofjris flava fylueftris , and 
Clufivs,Linaria Hifpanica. 

8 The branches of this eight kind are fpred 
vpon the ground, and of the length of thofe of the 
laft deferibed : the leauesare leffer than thofe of 
the common Tede-flax, thicke, inicie, andof a 
whitifh greenecolour, and they grow nordifor- 
derly vpon the ftalks,butat cerraine {paces fome- 
times three, but moft vfually foure together : the 
floures in fhape are like thofe of the ordinarie 
kinde,but ofa moft perfe& Violet colour, and 
the lower lip where it gapes of a golden yellow, 
the tafte is bitter. After the flouresare paft come 
veffels round & thick,whichcontaina flat black 
feed in two partitions or cells: the root is flender, 
white,and long lafting,and it floures vnto the end 
of Autumne. It grows naturally vpon the higheft 
Alps. Gefier cals it Linaria Alpiaa: and Clufius, 
Liuariatertia Styriaca. $ 


t 6 Ofjris Purpurocerulearepens, Purple Tode-flaxe. 


+ 9  Forafmuchas this plant is {talked and leafed like common Flaxe,and thought by fome 
to be Ofyrés ; the new writers haue called it Linofyris :it hath ftalkes very ftiffe and wooddie, befee 
with leaues like the common Lizaria, with floures at the top of the ftalkes ofa faint fhining yel- 
low colour,in forme and fhape fomewhat like vnto Cony<a maior. The whole plant groweth to the 
height of two cubits, and is in tafte tharpe and clammie, or glutinous,and fomewhat bitter. The 
root is compact of many ftrings,intangled one within another, (eek 
Ft = 10 Guillandinus calleth this plant Hyffopus vmbellifira Diofcoridis that Pe ana Hy- 

lope, 


Lis. 2. Of the Hittorie of Plants. re 553 


fope, which beareth a tuft inall points like Zimofjris, whereof it is a kinde, not differing fiom it in 
fhew & leaues. The ftalks are a cubit high,dinided aboue into many fmall branches;the tops wher- 
of are garnifhed with tufts of {mall floures,cach little floure being parted into fiue parts with a lit. 
tle thred or peftell in the middle,fo that it feemes full of many golden haires or thtums. The feed 
is long and blackith, and is carried away with the winde.+ Bashine in his P/wax makes this all one 
with the former,but vnfitly,efpecially if you marke the deferiptions oftheir floures which are far 
vnlike. F abi vs Columna hath proued this to be the Chry/ocome defcribed by Diofe.4ib.4..cap.55.4 


$7 Ofjris flavafjluestris, Creeping yellow Tode-flax. 


¥ 8 Linaria quadrifoliafupina) t 9 Linofjris Nuperorum,Lob, i 
Foure leaued creeping Tode-flax; Golden Star-floured Tode-flax. (ABD: aw 


554. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Enel 


10 Linaria aurea Tragi. 11 Scoparia fiveod [yras Cracornin. 
Golden Tode-fax. Buthieor Befome Tode-flax. 
, Ht, 


(i aS 
pain Ni 


E42 Pafferinalinaria folio,Lob. 


3 Pafferina alte 
Sparrowes Tode-flax. lalate a 


Sparrow-ron gue. 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 
de 14 Linavia adulterina, fe 11 Scoparia, orafter 
Baftard Tode.flax. which the Italians\cal Belvidere) 

A hesriasina Vomofohas Murr ny {hoots or {prigs rifiny 


1g from one {mal ftalk 


g 
making the whole plant to refemble a 
tree, the branches grow fo Kandfor 
it growes fome three foot high,and | 
and bufhie, fothat in fome places where 
naturally groweth they make befomes of ir, 
whereof it tooke the name Scap: 
be fmalland narrow, almott like to the leaues 
of flax. The floures be fmall,and ofan hearbie 
colour,growing among the leaucs,which keep 
greene all the. Winter. + I neuer knew it 
here to ripen the feed, nor to out-liue the fi 
froft, + 

12 This plantalfo for refemblance fake 
is referred to the Linaries,becaufe his leanes 
be like Linaria, At the top of the fmal] bran- 
ched ftalks do grow little yellowith floures, 
pale of colour, fomewhat like the tops of ¢4ry- 
focome. Iohn Mouton of Turnay taketh it robe 
Chryfocome altera. And becaufe there hath bin 
no concordance among Writers, it’s fufficient 
to fet forth his defeription with his name Puf. 

ferina.$ Bauhine vefers it tothe Grom Us, and 
calls it Lithofpermum Linarie folio Monfpel 

¢ 13 Thiswhich Tabern, calls Ling 
Paferina, and whofe figure was giuenby out 
Authour for the former > hatha {mall fingle 
whitith root, from which it feads vp a flender 
ftalke fome cubitand halfe high, naked on the Miah Ga 
lower part,but diuided into little branches on ‘ina a 
the vpper,which branches are fet thicke with little narrow leaues like thofe of Winter Sauorie or AH Wh eee 

Tyme: amongft which grow many little longith feeds of the bigneffe and tafte of Millet, but i 

fomewhat hotter and bitterer. The floures contift of foure fmall yellow leaucs. Tragus calls this 

Pafferina sD odoneus makes it Lithofpermum minus:and Colwmna hath fet it forth by the name of Ling. Aas 

via altera botryodes montana, $ 

$ 14 Thiswhich Clufizs,hath fet forth by the name of Anonymos, or Nameleffe, iscalled in Sa HT ae 
the Hiit.Lugd.pag.i150. Anthyllis montana, and by Tabern.Linariaadnlterina, It hath many hard nh) 
pale greene branches of fome foot high, and vpon thefe without any order grow many hard narrow 

long leaues like thofe of flaxe, at firftofa very tart, andafterwards of a bitterifh tafte: the tops of ‘i it 

the ftalkes are branched into fundry foot-ftalkeswhich carry little white floures confi {ting of flue 

{mall leaues lying ftarre-fathion, with fome threds in their middles : afterwhich at length come f 

fingle feeds fiue cornered,containing a white pith in a hard filme orskin. The root is white,diui- al hin i 

ded into fundry branches,and lines long,euery yeare fending vp many ftalkes,and fometimes cree- AER 1 

ping like thatof Tode-flax. It floures in May, and grows vpon mountainous places of Germany, t 

M'.Goodyer found it prowing wilde on the fide of achalkie hill in an inclofure on the right hand of 1 1) 

theway,as you goe from Droxford to Poppie hill in Hampfhire. ¢ 


1, Lhe leaues 


/ 


ACHIB, 


@ The Place. f 
‘The kindes of Tode-flax grow wilde in many places,as vpon ftone iwalls,grauelly grounds, bar- AH 
ren medowes, and along by hedges. : ap 
+ -Ido notremember that I haue feene any of thefe growing wilde with vs,vnleffe the firt or- | q f Wate a 
dinary kinde,which is euery where common. ¢ ii! 
q The Time, 
They floure from Iune to the end of Auguft. mM 
The Names. 
+ Tode-flax is called of the Herbarifts of our time, Livaria,or Flax-weed,and Vrim of fom | 
Ofjri,in high Dutch, Lynkratt.and Onfer frauen flatch: low Dutch, waite Wags in Engtith, | dt 
Wild-flax, Tode-flax,and Flax-weed : the eleuenth is called in Italian, Bel- videre,or Faire in fight. | i 
The fame plant is alfo called Scopariaand Herba ftudioforambecaule it isa fit thing tomake brooms 


of, 


»f fome, 


w 


556 Of the Hiftory of Plants. | Lise2. 


of;wherewith fchollers and ftudents may fweepe their owne ftudies and clofets. The particular 
names are expreffed both in Latine and Englifh in their feuerall titles, whereby they may be di- 
ftinguithed.} It isthought by moft that this Be/vzdere,or Scoparia is the Ofjris deferibed by Diofco- 
rides lib.4.cap.t42. For befides the notes, it hath agrecing with the defcription:it is at this day by 
the Greeks called agvpe + 


"| The Temperature, 
The kindes of Tode-flax are of the fame temperaturewith wilde Snap-dragons,whereof they 
are kindes, , 
Gg The Vertues. 


The decoétion of Tode-flax taketh away the yellownefle and deformitie of the skinne, becing 
wafhed and bathed therewith. "a 
The fame drunken, openeth the ftoppings of the Liucrand fpleene,and is fingular good againft 
the iaundife which is of long continuance, 
_ The fame deco@ion doth al fo prouoke vrine,in thofe that piffe drop after drop,vnitoppeth the 
kidneies and bladder. 


.t The figure inthis chapter were moft ofthem falfe placed,as thus: ‘The third was of Linsrig Panen.1.0f Clufius being the Linaria alba of Lobel,defcribed inthe 
fifth place. The fourh was of the Ofjris flava(yLof Lobel deferibed here by me inthe feuenth place.The fitth was of Limarta 3, Stiriaca of Clufius,which you may find de- 
{cribed ‘by me inthe cighth piace. The fixch was of Linaria aurea minor of Taberm being onely a varietic of che Limavia aurea (et forth inthe renth'place.'Thefeuenth 
was ofthe Linaria Adulterma, whofe hiflorie I hauc ginen you in the fourteenth place. That which was formerly vnderthe title of Pafferma Linaria is with a hifto- 
rig fitted thereto in the thirteenth placee 


Cuar. 166, Of Garden flaxe. 


t 1 Linum fuivum, 
Garden flax. The Defcription. 


Fx rifeth vp with flender and round ftalks 

The leaues thereof bee long, narrow, and 
fharpe pointed :on the tops of the {prigsare 
faire blew floures, after which {pring vp little 
round knops or buttons, in which is contained 
the feed,in forme fomewhat long,{mooth, glib 
or flipperie,of'a dark colour. The roots be {mal 
and threddie. 

q The Place. 

It profpereth beft ina fat and fruitfull foile, 
in moift and not drie places; for itrequireth as 
Columella{aitha very fat ground,and fomewhat 
moift. Some,faith Palladius,do fow it thicke in 
aleane ground, & by that means the flax grow- 
eth fine, Pliny faith that it isto be fowne in 
grauelly places, efpecially in furrowes : Nec 
magis feftinare alind » and that it burneth the 
ground,and maketh it worfer:which thing alfo 
Pirgil tetifieth in his Georgickes. f 


Vit lini campum fegesvrit Anend. 
Front letheo perfufapapanera fomno. 


In Englifh thus: 


Flaxe and Otes fowne confume 
The moifture ofa fertile field: 
The fame worketh Poppie,whofe 
luice a deadly fleepe doth yeeld. 


gq The 


Lo a ee te kp tei i no ees 
Lia. 2 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 557 
«| The Time. , 

Flaxe is fowne inthe {pring,it floureth in Iune and Iuly, After it is cut downe(as Pliny in his 
19.bdoke,firft chapter faith)the ftalkes are put into the water fubje& ro the heate of tbe {irane,and 
fome weight laid on them to be fteeped therein; the loofenes of the rinde is a figne when it is well 
fteeped : then is it taken vp and dried in the funne, and after vfed as moft hufwiues can tell better 
than my felfe. 


@ The Names. 

It is called both in Greckeand Laine xm: Linum : in high Dutch, flach(s$ in Italian and Spa- 

nith, Lino: inFrench, Delia : in low Dutch, Wag ¢ in Englith, Flax¢,and Lyne. 
@ The Temperature and Vertues. 

Galen in his firt booke of the faculties of nourifhments faith, that diuets vfe the feed hereof A 
parched as a fuftenaene with Garum, no otherwife than made falt. 

They alfo vfe it mixed with hony , fome likewife put it among bread, but itis hurtfull tothe B 
ftomacke, and hard of digeftion, and yeeldeth to the body but litle nourifhment : but touching 
the quality which maketh the belly foluble, neither will I praife or difpraife it, yetthat it anh 
fome force to prouoke vrine, is more apparant when it is parched:but then it alfo ftayeth the belly 


more, 

The fame author in his bookes of faculties of fimple medicines faith,that Linefeed beitigea- C 
tenis windy although it be parched, fo fullis it of fuperfluous moifture : and it is alfo afteratore 
hot in the firft degree, and in a meane betweene moift and dry. But how windy the feed is, and 
how full of fuperfluous moifture itis ineuery part, might very well haue been perceitied.a few 
yeeres fince as at Middleborough in Zeland,where for want of graine and other corne, moft of the 
Citizens were faine to cate bread and cakes made hereof with hony and oile, who were in fhort 
time after {wolne in the belly below the fhort ribs,faces,& other parts of their bodies in fuch fort, 
that a great number were brought to their graues thereby:for thefe fymptomes or accidents came 
no otherwife than by the fuperfluous moifture of the feed, which cauferh windineffe. 

Linefeed as Déofcorides hath written,hath the fame properties that Fenugreeke hath ; it wafterh D 
away and mollifieth all inflammations or hot fwellings, as well inward as outward, if it be boiled 
with hony, oile,and a little faire water, and made vp with clarified hony- it taketh away blemifthes 
of the face,and the funne burning, being raw and vnboiled ; and alfo foule {pots, if it be mixed 
with falt-peter and figs : it caufeth rugged and ill fauoured nailes to fall off, mixed with hony and 
water Creffes. 

It draweth forth of the cheft corrupted flegmeand other filthy humors,ifa compofitionwith E 
hony be made thereof to licke on, and eafeth the cough. 

Being taken largely with pepper andhony made into a cake,it ftirreth yp luft. F 

The oile whichis preffed out of the feed, is profitable for many purpofes in phyfickeand furge- G 
ry , and is vfed of painters, pi@ure makers,and other artificers. 

It foftencth all hatd fivellings; it ftretcheth forth the finewes that are fhrunke and drawne to- H 
gether,mitigateth paine, being applied in maner ofan ointment. 

Some alfo giue it to drinke to fuch as are troubled with paine in the fideandcollicke; butit } 
mutt be frefh and newly drawne:fot if it be old and ranke, it caufeth aptneffe to vomit,and withall 
it ouermuch heateth. 

Linefeed boiled in water with a little oile,and a quantity of Annife-feed impoudered and im- 
plaiftered vpon an angina, or any fwelling in the throat, helpeth the fame. 

It is with good fucceffe vfed plaifterwife,boiled in vineger,vpon the difeafes called Coliacaand L 
Dyfenteria, which are bloudy fluxes and paines of the belly, 

The feeds ftamped with the roots of wilde Cucumbers,draweth forth fplinters,thornes, broken jj 
bones, or any other thing fixed inany part of thebody. 

_ The decoéion is an excellent bath forwomen to fit ouer for the inflammation ofthe fecret wy 
parts, becaufe it fofteneth the hardneffe thereof,and eafeth paine and aking. 

The feed of Line and Fenugreek made into powder,boiled with Mallowes, violet leaues, Smal- O 
lage, and Chickweed, vntill the herbs be foft ; then ftamped in a ftone morter with a little hogs 
gteafe to the forme of acataplafme or pulteffe, appeafeth all maner of paine, foftneth all cold tu- 
mors or fwellings, mollifieth and briigeth to fuppuration all apoftumes ; defendeth wounded 
' members from fivellings and rankling, and when they be already rankled, it taketh the fameaway 
being applied very warme euening and morning. 


ht The fienre tat was formerly in this place for ths ordinary flaxe was of Linum /ylucftre atifalium 3. OF Clafius, which is decribed by me in the fixih place in 
the enfhing Chaprer 


Aaa Crap. 


ee ee ee 


558 Of the Hiftory of Plants, Lis. 2. 


Crap, 167. Of Wilde Flaxe. 
@ The Defcription, 


tr His Wilde kinde of Line or Flaxe hath leaues like thofe of garden Flaxe,but narrow- 

T er, growing vponround bright and {hining {prigs,a foot long,and floures like the 

manured flaxe, but ofawhite colour.The root is tough and fmall, with fome fibres 

annexed thereto. + This is fometimes found with deep blew floures,with violet coloured floures, 
and fometimes with white, ftreaked with purple lines, + 


1 Linum {ylvejtre floribus albis, 2 Linum fylveftre tenuifolinm. 
Wilde white flaxe. Thin leaued wilde flaxe. 


2 The narrow and thinne leafed kinde of Line is very like tothe common flaxe, burin all 
points leffer. The floures confit of fiue leaues, which do foone fade and fall away, hauing many 
ftalkes proceeding from one root, ofa cubit high, befet with {mall leaues, yea leffer than thofe of 
Linaria purpurea. 

# Our Author in the former edition. gaue two figures vnder this one title of Linum fjlveftre 
tenuifolium.making them the fécond and third ; but the defcription of the third was ofthe Rough 
broad leaued wilde flaxe, whofe figure therefore we haue put in that place. Now the two whofe 
figures were formerly here are but varieties of one {pecies, and differ thus ; the former of them 
(whofe figure we haue omitted as impertinent) hath fewer leaues, which therefore ftand thinner 
vpon che italke, and the floures are either blew or elfe white. The later, whofe figure you may 
finde here fet forth, hath more leaues, and thefe growing thicker together : the floure is ofa light 
purple or fleth colour. + 

3. There is akinde of wilde flaxewhich hath many hairy branches, rifing vp froma very {mall 
root, which doth continue many yeeres without fowing, increafing by roots into many other 
plants,with ftalkes amounting to the height ofone cubite,befet with many rough and hairy broad 
leaués ; at the top of the ftalkes do grow many blew floures, compact of fiue leaues, much greater 
and fairer than common Line or flaxe;which being paft,there fucceed {mall fharpe pointed heads 
full offeeds,like Linefeed,but ofa blackith fhining colour. ; 

4C hamelinum 


Isis. 2. 
4 . Chamelinum(of fomecalled Lin ery tow 
or Dwarfewilde flaxe ; for this word Chame ioined toany fimple,doth fignifiethar ic isa low of 
dwarfe kinde thereof) becing fearce an handfull high, hath pale yellow floures : butas itis ety 
things like vnto-flaxe, fo the tloures,leaues,and ftalkes,and ail other parts there € i 
leffer than Linum. 

t 5 ‘Thereis alfo growing wilde in this kingdomea fmall kinde ofwilde faxes 
tobe the Liawcarpos defcribed by Thalins, and mentioned by Camerari us, by the name of 
Sylucftre pufillem candicantibus florious. Anno 16 295 when as I fir found ir,m a lournall (write 
fuch plants as we gathered )1 fer downe this by the name of Lian fy illum candidis floribus, 
which my friend M® lohan Good cing, he told me he had long k nowne the plantand referd it to 
Lines. but there were {ome which called it in Englith, Mil-mountaine,and vied it to purge,and of 
late he hath {ent me this hiftorie of it,which you thall haueas I receiued it from him 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


pifillumgnd may be called in Ene lid 


fire 


Linum [ylueftre catharticum, Mil-mountaine. 


Itrifeth vp froma fmallwhite threddy crooked root, fometime with one,but moft commonly 
with fiue or fix or more round ftalks,about a foot or nine inches high,ofa browne or reddith color 
euery ftalk diuiding it felfe neere the top,or from the middle vpward into many pares or Brantlves 
of a greener colour than the lower part of the ftalke : the leaves are {mal],{mooth,of colour orcen. 
of the bignes of Lentill leaues, and haue in the middle one rib or finew,and no more that may bee 
perceiued,& grow along ft the ftalke invery good order by couples,one oppofite acaintt the other: 
at the tops ofthe fmall branches grow the floures,of a white colour,confifting of fiue fall leaues 
apiece, the nailes whereof are yellow : in the infide are placed final] {hort chiues alfo of a yellow 
colour , afterwhich come vp little knobs or buttons,the top whereof when the feede is ripe diut- 
deth it felfe into fue parts;wherein is contained {mal!,{fmooth, flat,flippery,yellow feed:when the 
feed is ripe theherbe perifheth : the whole herbe is of a bitter tafte, and herby fmell. Ic sroweth 
plentifully in the ypmanured inclofures of Hampfhire,on chalkie downs, & on Purfleet hils in Ef 
fex, and inmany other places, It rifeth forth of the ground at the beginning of 
reth all che Sommer. 


Spring,and flou- 


$ 3 Linum fyluefire latifolium. 4 Chamelinum perpufillum, 
Broad leaned Wilde flax. Dwarfe Wilde flax. 


WKY 
EN 
SSW 


iF 


oe Obits Eliferic ebebilanes, ee 


£ 5 Linum|yl.catharticum, + 6 Linum fyl. lavifolinm 3. Cluf- 
Mil-mountaine. The third broad leaued Wilde flax. 
Senile cath ott com 


q NY } 


wa Ne 
ee! y ZEN Zp W/ 

‘ Zee 

Ny = u fi 


£ 7 Linum marinum Luteum, Icame to know this herbe by the name 
Yellow floured Wilde flax. of Mil-mountaine, and bis vertue by this 
meanes. On the fecond of O&ober 1617. 
oing by M'. Colfons fhopan Apothecary 
of VVinchefter in Hamphfhire, I {aw this 
herbe lying on his ftall,which I had feene 
growing long before :I defired of him to 
know the name of it,he told me that it was 
called Mill-mountain,and he alfo told me 
that beeing at Do@our Lake his houfe at 
Saint Croffe a mile from VVinchefter,fee- 
ing a man of his haue this hearbe in his 
hand, he defired thename;hee told himas 
before, and alfo the vie of it, which is 
this. 

Take a handfull of Mill mountaine, the 
whole plant, leaues, feedes, floures and all, 
bruifeit and put itina {mall tanne or pip- 
kin ofa pinte filled with white VVine,and 
fer in on the embers to infufe all night,and 
drinke that wine in ithe morning fafting, 
and hee faid it would giue eight or tenne 
ftooles. This Do&tour Lake was afterward 
made Bifhop of Bath and VVells, who al- 
waies vfed this hearbe for his purge, after 
the faid manner,as his man affirmed, Iuly 
20.1619.lohn Goodyer. 

{haue not as yet made tryall hereof;but 
fince inGefn,de Lunarys pag .34-Lhaue found 

the 


Lis. 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 561 


Thaue found the like ora mote purging facultie attributed to this herbe,as I thinke(for Ieannot 
refetre it toany other) where hee would haue it tobe Helleborine of the Antients : [ thinke it noe 
amifle here to fet downe his words, becaufe the booke is not commonly to be had, being fet forth 
CAnn0 155 5. CAnte annos 15 aut circiter cum Anglus quidam, ex Italiarediens,me falutaret (Turnerus 
a fuerit, vir excellentistumia re medica tum alys pleri{que difciplinis doctrine, aut alins quilpiam,vix fatis 
remit )inter alias rariorum flirpium icones quas depingendas commodabat, Elleborinem quoque oftendebat 
pittam ferbulam fruticofam, pluribus ab vnaradice cauliculis quingue fere digitorum proceritate evett its, fe- 
Liolis perexiguis, binis per intervalla (cinfmodi vt ex afpeciu genus quoddane Alfine exiguum videretur) af 
culis ta fummo exiguis , rotundistanquam lini. Hanc ajebat crefcerein prais ficcts, vel clivis Montium ; 
inutiliradice, fubamara , purgare viringue cy iv Anglia vulgo vfurpari a runfticis, Thus much for 
Gener. 

6 Clufius among tt other wilde Lines or Flaxes hath fet forth this,which from a liuing,thicke 
writhen root, fendeth vp many ftalkes almoftacubite high, fomewhat red and ftiffe,fet with pret- 
tie large and thicke Jeaues not rough and hairic, but {mooth and hard ; the floures grow plentiful- 
ly on the tops of the ftalkes, being large,and compofed of fiue leanes of a faire yellow colour,with 
fiue threds comming forth of their middles, with as many {maller and fhorter haires. The feed is 
contained in flatter heads than thofe of the firft defcribed, containing a blacke, butnot fhinins 
feed. It floures in lune and Inly, and ripens the feed in Auguft. It srowes naturally vpon diuers 
hils in Germany. : ‘ 

97 Matthiolasand Dedonaus haue vnder the name of Linum [yluefire ; and Lobel by the name of 
Livum marinum luteum Narbonen(e fet forth anorher yellow floured wilde flaxe. This growes with 
flender ftalkes fome cubite high, fet with leaues like thofe of flaxe, but fomewhat leffer, and fewer 
in number ; at the tops of the ftalkes grow floures fmaller than thofeof the common Line, and 
yellow of colour.It growes naturally vpon the coafts of France that lie towards the Mediterranean 
fea,but not in England that I haue heard of; £ 


z @ The Place. 
They grow generally in grauelly grounds. The firft groweth in well mannured places,as in Gara 
dens and fuch like foiles. The fecond groweth by the fea fide. The third and fourth grow vpon 
rockes and cliffes neere to the fea fide.T haue feene them grow vpon the fea bankes by Lee in Ef. 
are in many places of the Ifleof Shepey. They grow alfo betweene Quinborow and Sherland 
noufe, 
# Ihaue not feene any of thefe growing wilde, but onely the fifth of my defeription, + 
@\The Time. ‘ 
They floure from May tothe middeft of Auguft. 
@ The Names. 
Their names are fufficiently expreft intheir {euerall titles, 
TheNature and Vertues. 
The faculties of thefe kindes of Wilde-flax are referred vato the manured flax,but they are fel- 
dome vfed either in Phy ficke or chirurgerie, 


Crap. 168, Of Blacke Saltwoort. 


q The D ofcription. 


Noldtime,fay the Authouts of the Adverfaria, this plant was vfed for meat, and receiued a- 

mong the Legwmina. lt was called Glaux,by reafon of the colour of the leaues, whichare of a 
blewith gray colour, called in Latine, Glakcus color,{uch as is in the Sallow leafe : of others it is cal- 
led Galax or Glax ‘and Eugalatton, quafi lattes ox laitifica,becaufe it is good to increafe milke in the 
breits of women,if it be much vfed. R wellivs and others haue fet downe Galega, Securidica, Polygala, 
and many other plants for the ttue Glavx,which hath bred a confufion. The true Glaux of Diofcor;- 
des hath many final! branches,fome creeping on the ground,and fome ftanding vpright,tender,and 
fmall,befet with many little fat leaues like Tribulus terre/tris,or Herniaria,srowing along the ftalks 
by couples ; betweene whom grow fmall purple floures; which being paft,there fucceed certaine 
little bullets or feed veffels. The ront is very {mall and threddy,and taking hold of the vpper face 
of the earth,as it doth run abroad, by which meanes it doth mightily increafe. 


Aaa 3 q The 


y 562 OF the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Glau x exigna maritima, : 
Blacke Saltwoort,, __ q The Place. 


C Rave Ann arctan 


Lis.2. 


The true Glav.x or Milkwoortgroweth ve- 
ry plencifully in falt places & marthes neere 
the fea,from whence I haue brought it into 
my garden, where it profpereth as well as in 
his native foile. I found it efpecially be- 
tweene Whitftable and theIfle of Thanet 
in Kent,and by Grauefend inthe fame coun- 
tie,by Tilbery Block-houfe in Effex, and in 
the ifle of Shepey,going from Kings ferry to 
Sherland houfe. 


q The Time. 
It floureth in May, and the feed is tipe in 
Tune. 
a The Names, 
The names haue beene fufficiently fpo- 
ken of in the defeription. It thall fuffice to 
callit inEnglifh, Sea Milkwoort. 


@ The Nature. 
‘ Paulus Aceineta faith,icis hot and moift of 
temperature. 
@ The Vertues. 

This Milkwoort taken withmilke,drinke? 
or pottage,ingendereth ftore of milke, and 
therefore itis good to be vfed by nurfes that 
want the fame. 


Cuar- 169, Of Milke-woort. 
e The Deftription. 


I T Here haue beene many plants sicerely refembling Polyeala,and yet not the fame indeed, 
which doth verifie the Latine faying, Nullam fimile eff idem. This neere refemblance 
doth rather hinder thofe that haue fpent much time in the knowledge of fimples, rhan increafe 
theirknowledge. And this alfo hath been an occafion that many haue imagineda fundry Polyga- 
/aynto them{elues,and fo of other plants.Ofwhich number,this (whereof I fpeake) is one, obtai- 
ning this name of the beft writers and herbarifts of our time,deferibing it thus. It hath many thick 
{preading branches, creeping on the grourd :bearing leaues like them of Heraiaria, ftanding in 
rowes like the Sea Milkwoort , among which do grow {mall whorles ,or crownets of white floures, 
the root being exceeding {mall and threddie. 

2 .The fecond kinde of Pofygalais'a {mall herbe with pliant flender ftems, ofa wooddie fub- 
ftance,an handfull long .creeping by the ground,the leaues be fimall & narrow like to Lintels, or 
little Hy lope. The foures grow at the top,ofa blew color,fafhioned like a little bird, with wings, 
taile, and bodice, eafie tobe difcerned by them that doe obferue the fame : which being paft,chere 
fucceed {mall pouickes,like thofe of Bur(a pafforis,but leffer. The root is fmall and wooddie 

3. This third kinde of Polygala or Milkewoort,hath leaues and ftalkes like the la ft beforemen- 
tioned, and differeth from it herein, that this kinde hath {maller branches, and the leaues are not fo 
pucks thruft together, and the floures are like the other, but thacthey bee of ared or purple co- 

Our, 
4 The fourth kinde islike the lat {poken of in every refped,but that it hath white floures;0- 
therwife it is very like, 

5 Purple Milkewoort differeth from the others in the colour of the floures;it bringeth foorth 
moe branches than the precedent, and the floures are ofa purple colour ; wherein efpecially confi- 
fteth the difference, 


6 The 


Tiga ~ OF ds Hiftory of Planes. 


1 Polygala repens. 2 Polygalaflore ceruleo. 
Creeping Milke-wort,” Blew Milke-wort. 


SOecebrum 


oval ohonnr 


3 Polygala rubris floribus, 4 Polygala albis ‘flovibus, 
Red Milkewort. White Milkewort, 


Dobe, 4 ak ox Ya poh sbA. 


564 Of the Hiftory of Plants, Lis, 2. 


6 The fixth Milke-wort is like vnto the reft ineach refpect, fauing thatthe floures are of an 
ouerworne ill fauoured colour, which maketh it to differ from all the other of his Kinde. 


5 Polygala purpurea. | The Place. 

Purple Milke-wort. ‘oot f 
Lo wr0$, 3 $8 Thefe plants or Milke-worts grow commonly 
in euery wood or fertil pafture wherefoeuer I haue 


trauelled, 
G The Time. 
They floure from May to Augua. 
The Names. 


Milke-wort is called by Dodonaus,F los Ambaru- 
alis , {0 called becaufe it doth efpecially flourifh 
in the Croffe or Gang weeke, or Rogation weeke; 
of which floures the maidens which vfe in the 
countries towalkethe Proceffion doe make them- 
felues garlands and nofegaies :in Englifh we may 
callit Croffe-foure, Proceffion-floure , Gang- 
floure, Rogation-floure, and Milkewort, of their 
vertues in procuring milke inthe brefts of nurfes, 
Hieronymus Tragusas alfo Diofcorides calleth it Po- 
Lyealon. = Gefver calls this (rucis flos;and in his 
Epiftles he nameth it  47arella : it is vulgarly 
knowne in Cheapfide to the herbe-women by the 
name of Hedge-Hy flop ; for they take it for Gra. 
viola, or Hedge-Hyflop, and fell it to fuch as are 
ignorant for the fame. + 

q The Vertues, 


os Galen, Diofcorides,and Theophraftus doe account 
L } thefe for Milkeworts, and that they may without 
error be vfed for thofe purpofes whereunto Glaus 
=» EN ferueth. . 
ies “SA x + Idoubt that this isnot the Polycalon of Dio. 


{corides , for Gefner affirmes that an handful hereof 
fteeped all night in wine, and drunke in the morning,will purge choler effectually by ftoolewith- 
outany danger, as hehimfelfe had tried. + 


Cuar. 170. Of Knot-Graffe. 


@ The Defcription. 


I He common male Knot-graffe creepes along vpon the ground, with long flender weake 

branches full of knots or ioynts,whereofit tooke his name. The leaues grow-vponthe 

weake branches, like thofe of fmall S.Johns wort, but longer and narrower. The floures are mar- 

uellous little, and grow out of the knots, ofan herby colour; in their places come vp triangular 
feed. The root is long,flender,and full of firings, 

2 The fecond differeth not from the former, but onely that it is altogether leffer, wherein e- 
{pecially confifteth the difference. + Becaufe the difference is.no otherwife,I hane thought good 
to omit the figure. : 

3 The Authors of the Adverfariamention another larger Knot-graffe which growes in diuers 
places of the coaft of the Mediterranean fea, hauing longer and larger branches and leaues, and 
thofe ofa white fhining colour. The feeds grow at the ioynts in chaffie white huskes ; and the 
whole plant is of a falt and aftringent tafte. They callit Polygonum marinum maximum, + 

\ G| The Place. 
Thefe Knot-graffes do grow in barren and ftony places almoft euery where. 


, @ The Time, 
They arein floure and feed all the Sommer long. 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


1 Polygonum mas vulcare. q The Names, 


Common Knot-graffe. Lane 
Knot-grafle is called of the Grecians, 


hh 3 
AX nid \ oA oro ot psy that is to fay, Polyg or 2 mas, Ot 
Wy Cuirkhore— Male Knot-grafle :in Latine, Semina 
. SPSS . ‘ e 
Nesey naria : of Columella, Sanguinalis : in fhops , 


\ tumnodia, and Corrigiola : of Apuleius, Proferpina 
ca:inhigh-Dutch, $poagdert in low-Dutch, 
Werkeng gears, and Fuifent nop sin Irali- 
an, Polygono : in Spanith, Cor7zola : in French, 
Renouce : in Wallon, Mariolaine de Cure : in En- 
glith, Knot-graffe , and Swines grafle: In the 
North,Birds tongue. 
@ The Temperature. 

Knot-graffe (as Galen teacheth) is of a bin- 
ding qualitie, yet is it cold in the fecond,ifnot 
inthe beginning of the third degree, 

@ TheVertues, 

The iuyce of Knot-grafle is good againft 
the {pitting of bloud, the piffing ofbloud, and 
all other iffues or fluxes ofbloud,as Brafanolss 
reporteth : and Camerariws faith he hath cured 
many with the tuyce thereof, that haue vomi- 
ted blond, giuen ima little ftipticke Wine. It 
greatly preuaileth againft the Gonorrhea , that 
is, the running of the reines, and the weaknefle 
ofthe backe comming by meanes thereof, be- 
ing fhredand made intanfie with egges and 
eaten. 

Thedecoétion of it cures the difeafe afore- 
{aid in as ample manner as the iuyce: or given 
in pouder in ateare egge it helpeth the backe very much. 

The herbe boyled in wine and hony cureth the vicers and inflammations of the fecret parts of 
man orwoman, adding theretoa little allom, and the parts wafhed therewith. 

Diofcorides {aith that it prouoketh vrinc, and helpeth fuch as do piffe drop after drop , when the 
vrine is hot and fharpe. : 

It is giuen vnto Swine with good fucceffe, when they are ficke and will not eate their meate ; 
whereupon the countrey people do call it Swines grafie and Swines skir. 


Cuar.i9t. Of fundry forts of Knot-Grafses. 


q] The Defcription. 

I T He fhowie whiteand leaft kinde of Polygonum or Knot-grafle, called of Clufius, Parony. 

chia Hi(panica,is a ftrange and worthy plant to behold, handle, and confider,although it 
be but fall. Iris feldome abouea foot long, hauing fmall branches, thicke, tough,hard,and full 
ofioynts ; out of which the leaues come forth like {mall teeth, lefferthan the leaues of Herwiaria,’ 
or Thymumtenuifolium, Atthe top of the ftalkes ftand moft delicate floures framed by nature as 
itwere, with fine parchment leaues about them, {tanding in their fingular whiteneffe and fnowie 
colour, refembling the perfe& white filke, fo many in number atthe top,and fo thicke, that they 
ouerfhadow the reft ofthe plant beneath. The root is flender, and of a wooddy fubftance. The 
feed is couered as it were with chaffe, as it were with chaffe, and is as {mall as duft,or the motes in 
the Sunne. F : 

2 Antlyilis of Valentia, being likewife a kinde of Knot-grafle, hath {mall leaues like Glaux 
exigua, or rather like Chamefjce, fet orderly by couples at the toynts :among which come floures 
confifting of foure little whitith purple leaues,and other fmall leaues like the firft but altogether 
lefler. The root is fmall, blacke, and long,and ofa wooddy fubftance. 


+ Our Author, though he meant to haue giuen vs the figure of Knawell in the third place, as 
may be perceiued by the title, yet he deferibed it in the fourth, and inthe third place went about 
to 


A 


565 Of the Hiftorie of Planes. Ista! 


1 Polygonum montanum. Mountaine Knot-grafle. 


£2 Aathyllis Valentina Clufij. Valentia Knot-graffe. 
€F. tin, SM Rakes oc b rbrrenrisr Ca Too, iF 


uy 
BL) 


4.3 Polygonum ferpillifolium. t 4 Polygonum Selinoides, fine Knawel. 
Small round leaued Knot-graffe, , ,Parfley Piert. 


5 7 . D CKD US WN1A~ rd. 
OF OM ok Cars, i sas eft 


r gpoaal Of the Hiftory of Plants: si | 567 


to deferibe Polygonum Serpillifolio of Pena ,as may be gathered by the defeription which fh 
haue ftood; but that I opportunely receiued a better from my Oft mentioned friend M*: Goo 
which therefore I thought good to impart vnto you; 


ould 
dyer, 


Polygonum alterum pulille vermiculato $ erpilli foliolo Pena, 


This hath many {mall found fmooth wooddy branches, fomewhat reddith, trailing vpon the 
ground, nine inches or a foot long ; whereon by {mall diftances on fhort ioynts grow tufts of very 
{mall fhort blurit topped {mooth greene leaues, in a maner round, like thofe of the {mallet Time, 
but much fmaller, and without {mell, dittiding themfelues ac the bofomes’ of thofe leaves into 
{mall branches ,at the tops of which branches grow {mall floures, one floure on a branch, and no 
more, con{ifting of foure little round topped leaues apiece of a faint or pale purplith colour:I ob- 
ferued no feed, Theroor is wooddy, blackifh without, very bitter,with fome tafte of heate 5 and 
growcth deepe into the ground. The leaves are nothing fo full of iuyce as Aizoon.] found it fou- 
ring the third day of September, 1621, on the ditch bankes at Burfeldon ferrey by the fea fide in 
Hampfhire. lo. Gendyer. $ : 

4 Among the Knot-grafies may well be futed this fmall plant, bit lately written of and not 
fo commonly knowne as growing in England being about an Pandiall high,and putting out from 
a fibrous root fundry flender ftalkes full of little branches and ioynts : about which grow confu- 
{edly many narrow leaues, for the moft part ofan vnequall quantitie, yet here and there two longer 
than the reft, and much alike in greatneffe : at the outmoft parts of the branches and ftalks (where 
it hath thickeft tufts) appeare out of the middeft of the leaues little foures of anherby colour, 
which are fucceeded by feed-veflels ending in fiue fharpe points : the whole plant is of a whitith 
colour. If my memorie faile me not, Peva means this herbewhere he fpeaketh of Saxfr. Ancl, 
in his Adwer. p. 103. and alforeporteth thathe found this plant by theway fide as he rode from 
London to Briftow, ona little hill not far from Chipnam: his pi@turedoth very well refemble the 
kinde of Knot-graffe called among the Germanes natgel ¢ and calling it Saxifraga Anglicana cau- 
feth me tothinke, that fome in the Weft parts where he found it do call it Saxifrage,as we do call 
fundry other herbes, efpecially ifthey ferue for the ftone. My friend M*. Stephen Bredwel, Pradi- 
tioner of phyficke in thofe parts, heard ofa fimple man who did much good with a medicine that 
he made with Parfley Piert againft the ftone, which he miniftred vnto all forts of people. This my 
friend requefted the poore man to fhew him the herbe called Parfley Piert ; who frankly promifed 
it him, and thenext morning brought him an handfull of the herbe,and told him the compofiti- 
on of his medicine withall, which you fhall finde fet downe in the vertues., and proued by fundry 
of good account tobea fingular remedie for the fame, 


t § Saxifraga Anglicana alfinefolia, + 6 Saxifraga paluftris alfinefolia. 
Chick-weed Breake-ftone, _- Small water Saxifrage. 


Ce PA APO $ Ip ar2rmprrs 4 © Cbst ay UXOL v cho Sor 
V 


+a 0 
i} | 
wi] 
ee 
a) 3 
fi 
Mh 7 
th 3 
a 
14 
i| 
a 
- 
‘| 


5683 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis 


¢ 4 Our Authorhere in the fourth place deferibed the Knawel, and he figured it’in the {e- 
cond place,vnder the title of Anthyllis Valentina Clufij : for the figure which was inthe third place 
we here give you in the fifth ; and I coniecture itis not of Knawel,but Of Saxifrega Anglicana of the 
Aduerf. Sothat our Authors words are true, ifhe meant of the pi@ure which he fet forth by the 
name of Polygonurs (elynoides fie Knawel ; bur falle if of the plant whichhe defcribed. But if the 
coniecture of Penaand Lobel be true,who tudge their Saxifraga Anglicana to be Synanchice Dalefchar- 
pi, then itis neither of Kzawel, as our Author would haue it, nor of this which I here giue, but of 
af{mall plant which you fhall finde amongft the Rubia’s. Now this plant that I take tobe the Sixi- 
fraga Anglicana of Pena and Lobel, is a {mall little herbe growing thicke, with very many branches 
fome two or three inches high, with fome ftalkes landing vptight , and other fome creeping : at 
each ioynt grow two {hort narrow fharpe pointed greene leaues, out of whofe bofomes come di- 
uers leffer leaues : at the tops of the branches vpon pretty long ftalkes grow vpon each ftalke one 
round whitith {ealy head, confifting commonly of foure vnder greenith leaues which make the 
cup, and foure grayifh or whitifh leaucs which are the floure. Now after thefe come to fome ma- 
turitie they appeare all of a whitith colour, and through the thinne filmes of thefe heads appeares 
the feed, which at the firit view feems tobe pretty large and blacke for it lies all cluftering toge- 
ther ; but ifyou rub it out you fhall finde it as fimall as fand, and of a darke reddith colour. The 
tafte of this plant is very hotand piercing, like that of Goldenrod of our common Saxiftage,and 
without doubt it is more effectuall to moue vrine than the former Knawel, Ihaue found it grow- 
ing in many places about bricke and ftone walls,and vpon chalky barren grounds, I called this in 
my Tournall Anno 1632. Saxifraga minor altera flofculis albis [emine nigro:and queftioned whether it 
were not Aline Safafraga aneuflifolia minima montana of Colamna. But now I thinke it rather (ifthe 
number of leaues inthe floure did nor difagree) the other which is defcribed in the next place,of 
which I fince that time haue receiued both the figure and defcription;as alfo a dry plant from M'". 
Goodyer, He conie<tures it may be this plant which I haue here deferibed, that is fet forth in the 
Hifloria Lugd pag 123 5.by the name of Alfine mu(cofa. 


Alfine palaftris folijs tenuifsimis : fine Saxifraga paluffris alfinefolia. 


6 This hath a great number of very fmall graffe-like leaues, growing from the root, about an 
inch long, a great deale {maller and flenderer than {mall pinnes , amongft which {pting vp many 
imal] flender round fmooth firme branches fome handfull or handful! and halfe high, from which 
fometimes grow a few other {maller branches, whereon at certaine ioynts grow leaues like the for- 
mer, and thofe fet by couples with other fhorter comming forth of their bofomes ; and fo by de- 
grees they become fhorter and fhorter towards the top, fo that toward the top this plant fomwhat 
refembleth Thymum durius. The floures are great for the flenderneffe of the plant, growing at the 
tops of the branches, each floure confifting of fiue fmal blunt roundith topped white floures,with 
white chiues in the middeft. The feed Iobferued not. The root is {mal], growing in the myre 
witha few ftrings. This groweth plentifully on the boggy ground below the red Well of Wel- 
lingborough in Northampton fhire. This hath not beene defcribed that I finde, I obferued it at 
the placeaforefaid, Auguft 12.1626. Iohn Goodyer, + 

‘gq The Place. 
t The firft and fecond are ftrangers in England : the reft 


grow in places mentioned in their 
defcriptions. 


q The Time. 
Thefe floure for the moft part from Mayto September. 
q The Names. 
That which hath beene faid of their names in their feuerall defcriptions hall fuffice, 


@ The Nature. 
They arecold inthe fecond degree, and dry in the third, aftringent and making thicke. 


+t Thefe, efpecially the three laft, are hot in the fecond or third degree, and of fubrill 
but the Parfley Piert feemes not to be fo hot as the other two. ef 


parts ; 
@ The Vertes. 

Here according to.my promife I haue thought good to infert this medicin made with Knawel ; 
which herbe is called (as I faid before) Parfley Piert,but if I might without offence it fhould be 
called Petra pungens : forthat barbarous word Parfley Piertwas giuen by fome fimple man ( ¢ as 
alfo the other, that fauors ofas much fimplicitie+ ) who had not wel learned the true terme.The 
compofition which followeth muft be giuen in warme white wine, halfe a dram, two {cruples, or 
more, according to the conftitution of the body which is to receiue it. 


The 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. slit 


The leaues of Parfley Piert,Mouf-care of each one ounce when the herbes be dried bay berryes, B 


Turmericke, Cloues, the feeds of the great Burre, the feeds in the berryes of Hippes,or Briertree, 
Fenugteeke,of each one ounce;the {tone in the oxe gall,the weight of 24. Barley cornes, or halfe a 
dram, made together intoa moft fine and fubtill pouder, taken and drunke in maner aforefaid 
hathbeen proued moft fingular for the difeafe aforefaid. 

£ . The fifth and fixth are of the fame faculty,and may be vfed inthe like cafes. + 


F The fignre chat formetly was in the {econd place was of Knawell, and that in the third place of polygonum minxs polycarpon of Tabern, 


——— 


Cuar.172. Of Rupture woort. 


1 Herniaria, Rupture woort. 


mrrrorin okabrim—— 


e () Je 


£2 Millegrana minima, 
Ria pein lio, 

£ Bae ds: z Eames is alfo a kinde of Knot graffe 

. commonly called in Latine Herniaria : 
in Englith,Rupture woort,or Rupture graffe. It is 
a bafe and low creeping herbe,hauing many fina Il 
flender branches trailing vpon the ground,yet ve- 
ry tough,and full of little knots fomewhat red- 
difh, whereupon do grow very many final] leaues 
like thofe of (me;among which come forth lit- 
tle yellowith floures which turne into very {mall 
\ feed,and great quantity thereof, confidering the 
lf an Lea Bie 5S na Boe Oe re age 

: pretest ae gether by certaine fpaces. The whole plant is 

Minn, of a’yellowith greene colour. The root is very 

flenderand fingle. 5 

2 There is another kinde of Hernjaria,called Mille grana or All-{eed, that groweth vprighta 
handfull high, with many {mall and render branches, fet with leaues like the former,but few in 
number,bauing as it were two fmal leaues & no more. The whole plant feemeth as it were couered 
ouer with feeds or graines, like the feed of Panicke,but much leffer. + I haue not feen many plants 
of this,but al! that cuer I yet faw neuer attained to the height of twoinches. + : 

, @ The Place. 

1 Itioyeth in barren and fandy grounds,and is likewife found in dankith placesthat lie wide open 
tothe funne:it doth grow and profper in my garden exceedingly. + 2 I found thisin Kent on a 
Heatlvnot farre from Chifte-hurft, being ineompany with M'. Bowles and diuers others, in Tuly, 
1630.  @ The Time. 

It floureth and flourifheth in May,Iune,luly,and Auguft. 
q The Names. 
It is called of the later Herbarifts Herniaria and Herniola ; taken from the effe& in curing the 
difeafe Hernia: of diuers, Herba Turca,and Empetron ; in French, Boutonet » in Englifh, Rupture 
woort,and Burftwoort, 


@ The Defcription. 


Bbb @ The 


i 
aes | 
} | 
ol a 
ea | 415) 
‘4 
We 
(HIN 5 
fiat | 
v4 } 
Te | 
: ‘| 
ins 
} t 
i 
i | 
; : 
ll i 
¥ i} 
he ° 
j | LI 
4 | il 
-ai) 
| " 
Un f 
ie 0) 
1 Ty 
j if ui 
tHe 


579° 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


Lis. 2. 


leth them. 


Sees a eee 


| The Temperature and Vertue, 

A Rupturewoort doth notably drie,and throughly clofeth vp togetherand fafteneth. It is repor- 
ted that being drunke it is fingular good for Ruptures, and that very many that haue been burften, 
were reftored to health by the vfe of this herbe,alfo the pouder hereof taken with wine, doth make 
aman to piffe that hath his water ftopr, italfowafteth away the ftones in the kidnies, and expel- 


1 Serpillum vulgre. Z 
Wilde Time. 


pups Sertoy buna 


3 Serpillum majus flore purpurco, 
Great purplewilde Time, 


Cuar. 173, Of wilde Time. 


| The Defcription. 

I Oth Diofcorides and Pliny make two 
kindes of Serpillum, that is, of cree- 
ping or wilde Time;whereof the firtt 

is Our Common creeping Time,which is fowell 
knowne,that it ncedeth no defcriprion , yet this 
ye thall vnderftand, that it beareth floures of a 
purple colour,as euery body knoweth.Of which 
kinde I found another fort,with flouresas white 
as {now, and haue planted it inn y garden,where 
it becommeth an herbe of great beauty: 

2 Thiswilde Time that bringeth forth white 
floures differeth not from the other, but only in 
the colour of the floures , whence it may be cal- 
led Serpillum vulgare flore albo. White floured 
‘Wilde Time. 

There is another kinde of Serpillum, which 
groweth in gardens, in fmell and fauour refem- 
bling Marjerome. It hath leaues like Organy,or 
wilde Marjerome;but fomewhat whiter, putting 
forth many {mall ftalkes, fet full of leaues like 
Rue,but longer,narrower,and harder. The floures 
are of a biting tafte, and pleafant {mell. The 
whole plant groweth vpright, whereas the other 
creepeth along vpon the earth, catching hold 
where it growes, & {preading it felfe farabroad. 

3 This great wilde Time creepeth notas the 
others doe, but ftandeth vpright, and bringeth 
forth little flender branches full of leaues like 
thofe of Rue; yet narrower, longer, and harder. 
The flours be of a purple colour, and of a twing- 
ging biting tafte: it groweth vpon rocks, and is 
hotter than any of the others, 

4 This other great one with white floures 
differeth not from the precedent, hauing many 
knaps or heads, of a milke white colour, which 
fetteth forth the ditference,and it may be called 
Serpillum maius flore albo. Great white floured 
wilde Time. 

5 Thiswilde Timecreepeth vpon the ground, 
fet with many leaues by couples like thofe of 
Marjerom,but leffer, ofthe fame fmel:the flours 
are ofareddifh color. The root is very threddy. 

6 Wilde Time of Candy is like vnto the 
other wild Times, fauing that his leaues are nar- 
rower and longer and more innumber at each 
joine.! The fell is more aromaticall than any of 
the others,wherein is the difference. 

7. There isakindeof wilde Time growing 
vpon the mountaines of Italy,called Serpillum 
Citratum, 


e Time, 


rfutumn, 


Ny 3 

ane 

So ‘ 

Spe ‘S 

e3 << 

=e ee 
O.s Sas 

ae = 
Su ; Aa 
[S-3 : 3 
= = S 
Qa \ Fa P Q 

> — at \ PZ 4 if ao . 

“a SSS 
Gi 4 e)\ Aa 
fy 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


8 ‘ 
= 8 
er s 
Yo = 
i; 8g YS 
8.5 fos 
we SA 
Su la 
-| 8 Sig 
wv = 
ai so IES 
Wo =8 
e —— 
ion Ses 
ma} gis 22] 
eh a N 
oa in + 


—— 


4 
; 


- = —s 


vi 


E 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 2. 


Citratum,that is,hauing the {mel ofa Pome Citron,or a limon,which giueth it the difference from 
the other wilde times. + It growes in many gardens alfo,and(as I haue been told)wildein diuers 
places of Wales. 

8 This (which is the Serpillum Pannonicum 3. of Clufius) tunnes or f{preds it felfe far vpon the 
ground. For though it have a hard and wooddy root like as the former kindes, yet the branches 
which lie fpred round about here and there take roor,which in time become as hard and wooddy 
as the former. The leaues and ftalkes are like thofe of the laft defcrided, but rough and hoarie: 
the floures alfo are not vnlike thofe ofthe common kind. The whole plant hath a kinde of refinous 
{mell.It floures in Iune with the reft, and growes vpon the like mountainous places ; butwhether 
with vs in England or no I cannot yet affirme any thing of certaintie, + 

The Place. 

The firft groweth vpon barren hills and vntoiled places: the fecond groweth in gardens. The 
white kinde I found at Southflect in Kent, in a barren field belonging toone M'. Wiliam Swan. 

| The Time. 

They floure from May to the end of Sommer. 

q The Names. 

Wild Time is called in Latine Serpillum,a ferpendo,of creeping : in high and low-Dutch, Quen= 
Del, and Wwilden Thymus, and alfo Onler Wgoutoers bedftroo: in Spanith, Serpoll - in Italian, 
Serpillo : in French, Pillolet : in Englith, Wilde Time, Puliall Mountaine, Pella mountaine, run- 
ning Time, creeping Time, Mother of Time: in fhops itis called Serpyllum ; yet fome call it Pz- 
legium montanum ; and it is euery where (faith Dedonews) thought to be the Serpylum of the Anti- 
ents, Notwithftanding it anfwereth not fowel to the wilde Times as to Diofcorides his Saxifranga ; 
for if it be diligently compared with thedefcription ofboth the Serpilla and the Saxifranga,it thal 
be found tobe little like the wilde Times, but very much like the Saxifranga : for (faith Diofcori- 
des ) Saxifranga is an herbe like Time, growing on rockes,where our common wilde Time is often- 
times found. 

-Alianus in his ninth booke of his fundry Hiftories feemeth to number wilde Time among the 
floures. Déony/ius lunior (faith he) comming intothecity Locris in Italy, poffefled moft of the 
houfes of the city,and did ftrew them with rofes, wild Time, and other fuch kindes of floures. Yer 
Virgil inthe fecond Eclog of his Bucolicks doth moft manifeftly teftifie that wilde Time is an 
herbe, inthefe words : 


Theftylis & rapido fofris mefforibus aftu 
Allia,ferpillumque, herbas contundit olentes. 


Theftilis for mowers tyr’d with parching heate, 
Garlicke, wilde Time, {trong fmelling herbes doth beate. 


Out of which place it may be gathered, that commonwilde time is the true and right Serpillumor 
wilde Time, which the Grecians call me Marcellws an old antient Author among the French- 
men faith it is called Gilarum ; as Pliniws Valerianus faith it is called of the fame, Laurio, 


| The Temperature. 
Wilde Time is of temperature hot and dry inthe third degree: itis of thinand fubtill parts; 
catting and much biting. 
q TheVertues. 


It bringeth downe the defired ficknefle, prouoketh vrine, applied in bathes and fomentations it 
procureth fweat : being boyled in wine, it helpeth the ague, it eafeth the ftrangurie, it ftayeth the 
hicket, it breaketh the ftones in the bladder, it helpeth the Lethargie, frenfie, and madnefle, and 
ftayeth the vomiting of bloud. 

Wilde Time boyled inwine and drunke, is good againft the wambling and gripings of the bel. 
lie, ruptures, convulfions, and inflammations of the liuer. 

It helpeth againft the bitings ofany venomous beaft, either taken in drinke, or outwardly ap- 
plied. 

Aetivs wxiteth, That Serpilivm infufed well in Vineger, and then fodden and mingled with rofe 
water, is aright fingular remedie to cure them that haue had a long phrenfie or lethargic. 

Galen precribeth one dram of the iuyce tobe giuen in vineger again{t the vomiting of bloud, 
and helpeth fuch as are grieued with the {pleene. 

Cuap. 


[ot wk as Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Cuar.174: Of Garden Time. 


q The Defcription, 


1 ? He firft kinde of Time is fo well knowne thatit needeth no defcription ; becaufe 
there is not any which are ignorant what Thymuim duriws is,] meane our common gar- 
den Time. q 
2 “The fecond kinde of Time with broad Jeaues hath many wooddy branches rifing from a 
threddy root, befet with leaues like Myrtws. The floures are fet in rundles about the ftalke like 
Horehound. The whole plant is like the common Time in tafteand fmell. 


& Thymum durius. $2 Thymum laifolium. 


Hard Time, Great or broad leaured Time. 


kinde hath certaine knoppy tufts not much vnlike the {pikes or knots of Srecados,but much leffer, 
befet with flender floures ofa purple colour. The whole plant is ofa more gracious fmell than any 
ofthe other Times, and of another kinde of tafte, as it were fauouring like fpice. The rootis brit- 
tle,andofa wooddy fubftance. i 2 be 

4 Doubtleffe thatkinde of Time whereon Epithymum doth grow, and is called for that caulc 
Epithymum, and vfed in fhops, is nothing elfe than Dodder that growes vpon Time ; and is allone 
with ours, though Matthiolus makes a controuerfie and difference thereof : for Pena travelling over 
the hills in Narbone neere the fea, hath feene not onely the garden Time,but the wilde Time al!o 
loden and garnithed with this Epithymum. Sothat by his fight and mine ownie knowledge I am 
affured, that it is not another kinde of Time thatbeareth Epithymum, but is common Time : for 
haue often found the fame in England,not onely vpon our Time, but vpon Sauorie, and. other 
herbes alfo : notwithftanding thus much I may conie@ute, that the clymate of thofe Countries 
doth yeeld the fame forth in greateraboundance than ours,by reafon of the intemperanee of COM; 
whereunto our countrey is fubie ct. 


és bb : ‘ “ . : hie 
3 Time of Candy is inall refpeéts like vnto common Time, but differeth in that, that this 


7 
@- THE 
jee 


Bbb 3 


574. Of the Hiftory of Plants. Liz. 2. 
SEAS EDS Mn HORNE rh yb 9 es Be EE 


13 Thymum Greticum. 4, Epithymum Gr ecorue, 
' ” Time of Candy, Laced Time, 


= ; Lys \ 
A 
Healy) 


ae 


@ The Place, 


Thefe kindes of Time grow plentifully in England in moft gardens euery where , except that 
with broad leaues, and Time of Candy, which I haue in my garden, 

| The Time. 

They flourifh from May vnto September. 

G The Names. 

The firft may be called hard Time, or common garden Time: the fecond, Broad leaued Time: 
the third, Time of Candy ; our Englith women call it Muske Time; the laft may be called Dod- 
der Time. 

q The Temperature. 

Thefe kindes of Time are hot and dry in the third degree. 


@ The Vertues. 

A _ Time boyled in water and hony drunken, is good againft the cough and fhortnes of the breath; 
it prouoketh vrine, expelleth the fecondine or after-birth, and the dead childe, and diffolues clot 
ted or congealed bloud in the body. 

B —_Thefame drunke with vineger and falt purgeth flegme : and boyled in Mede or Methegline, it 
cleanfeth the breaft, lungs, reines, and matrix, and killeth wormes. 

Made into pouder,and taken in the weight of three drams with Mede or honied vineger,ca lled 
Oxymel, anda little falt, purgeth by ftoole tough and clammie flegme,fharpe and cholericke hu- 
mors, and all corruption of bloud. 

D The fame taken inlike fort, is good againg the Sciatica, the paine inthe fide and breft, againft 
the winde inthe fideand belly, and is profitablealfo for fuch as are fearefull, melancholike, and 
troubled in minde, 

E It is eood tobe giuenvnto thofe that haue the falling fickneffe to fmell vnto, 

E Epithymum,after Galen, is of more etfetuall Operation in phyficke than Time,being hot and dry 
in the third degree, more mightily cleanfing, heating, drying, and opening than Cuenta, having 
right good effe@ to eradicat melancholy,or any other humor in the fj pleen,or other difeafe, fprung 

by occafionof the fpleene. 


Tt 


. 


Lrei'a, OF the Hiftory of Plants. 575 
S about flene- G 
agues,and fuch 


It helpeth the long continued paines of the head, and befides his fingular effed 
ticallmatters, ithelpeth the lepry,orany difeafe of melancholy ; all quartaine 
like gricfes proceeding from the fpleene, 

Diofcorides faith, Epithymum drunke with honied water, expelleth by fiege, flegme, and melan- H 
choly. 

Othis hatiue propertie it relieueth them which be melancholicke, fwolne in the face and other J 
parts, if you pound Epithymamand take the fine pouder thereof in the quantity of foure feruples 


in the liquour which the Apothecaries call Paffum,orwith Oxymell and falt, which taketh away 
"all flatuous humours and ventofities. 


t Thefecoud figure was of Serpillum Qtvatums defcribed in the feuenth place of the foregoing chapter 5 the third warof Marim Matthiali, 


Tebern-being the Tra 
Koriganum alterum of Lobel, 


Cuar. 175. Of Sauorie, 


© The Kindes,’ 


the other an annuall or yearely plant, that perifheth at the time when it hath perfected his 
feed and muft be fowne againe the next yeare; which we call Sommer Sauorie,or Sauorie of CME Pe tin) 
a yeare. There is likewife another,which isa ftranger in England,called of Lobel 7 Lymbra S. Iulia Paty ten | 
mi,denying it to bethe right Satueiaor Sauoric:whether that of Lobel, orthatwe haue in our En- DOA | 
} 
; 
- 


| 

ae 
Here be two kindes of Sauorie, the one that indureth VVinter, and is of long continuance: ii 
i" 


gitth gardens be the true winter Sauorie,is yet difputable, for we thinke that of S. Iulians rocke ii 
to be rather awilde kinde than otherwife. + Penaand Lobel do not denic , butaffirme it in thefe sa 


words,Nullss non fatetur Saturciam veram , that is,which none can denie tobe the true Satureia or ie 
Sauorie. Vid. Adnerfar pag. 182.¢ : | i} 


1 Satureia bartenfis. 2 Satureiahortenfis affiva VE TA fh) 
VVinter Sauorie. Sommer Sauorie. f eu 


576 Of the Hiftorie of Plant. L Io. 2. 


q The Defiription, 


I Inter Sauorie is a plant refembling Hyffope, but lower,more tender and brittle: 
itbringeth forth very many branches, compafied oneuery fide with n 
tharpe pointed Jeaues,longer than thofe of Times;amon 

from the bottome to the top, out of {mall husks, ofcolour white,tendin 
root is hard and wooddie,as is the reft of the plant. l ha afrcit 1 
- 2 Sommer Sauorie groweth vp with a flender brittle ftalke ofa foot high, diuided into litt! 
branches : the leaues are narrow, leffer than thofe of Hyfope, like the leaues of winter Sauorie,but 
thinner fet vpon the branches. The floures ftand hard tothe branches,ofa light purple tending to 
Whitenefle. T he root is fmall,full of ftrings, and perifheth when it hath perfedied his feed. 
3 Satureia Sanctiluliani, 3 This {mall kinde of Sauorie, which 
Rocke Sauorie. Lobel hath fet forth vnder the title of Thym= 
bra. Tuliani, becaule it groweth plentifully 
vpon the rough cliffes of the Tyrrhenian {ea 
in Italie,called Saint Inliars rocke,hath ten. 
der twiggie branches an hand full high, of a 
wooddie fubftance,fet ful of leaues trom the 
bettome tothe top, very thicke rhrutt toge- 
ther like vnto thofe of Time,fauing that they 
be fmaller & narrower, bringing forth at the 
top of the fprigs a round {pikie tuft of fmall 
purplith foures. Thewhole plant is whiti~h , 
tending to «a bleake colour, and of averie 
hot and fharpe tafte, and alfo well {mel- 


arrow and. 
g, which grow the floures 
gtoalightpurple, The 


e 


ling. 
+ 4 This in the opinion of Honorius 
€ 4 Satureia retica: ses toe es rt cca) ne Me 
Candie Sauorie, without good reafon,to be the true Thymbra, 


or Saturcia of Diofcorides and the Antients,for 
(befides that it agrees with their defcription, 
it is to this day called in Candie sex and 
Suen) Clufivs defcribes it thus:It fends forth 
many branches immediately from the roote 
likeas Tyme,and thofe quadrangular,tough , 
and ofa purplith colour: vpon thefe growe 
alternately little roughih leaues much like 
thofe of thetrue Tyme ; and out of their bo- 
fomes come little branches fet with the like, 
but leffer leaues. The toppes of the branches 
are compafied with a rundle made of manic 
little leaues, whereout come floures of a fine 
iw purple colour, and like the foures of Tyme, 
ee re ep Z beeing diuided into foure parts, whereof the 
ae) AW NN Ae? SIDES lower is the broader, and hangsdowne: The 
SS See Veiy? : vpper is alfo broad but fhorter, and the other 
two leffe. Outof the middle of the foure 
come fiue whitifh threds , pointed with 
browne,and a forked ftile. The feed is fall 
and blacke like that of Tyme: The root hard 
and wooddie. It floured with Clufias(who re- 
ceiued the feedes out of Candie from Hono- 
vius Bellus) in O &oberand Nouember. $ 


_G& The Place. 


They are fowne in Gardens, and bring 
foorth their flours the firft yeare of their 
fowing, 


q Th 


Lis. 2, Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


S77. 


@ The Times 

They floure in Iuly and Auguft. 

© The Names. 

Sanorie is called in Greeke siué, neitherhath it any other truename in Latine than Thymbra. 
The Interpreters would haue it called Satureia, wherein they are repugnant to Colwmella a Latine 
Writer,who doth thew a manifeft difference betweene Thymbra and Satureia, in his tenth booke, 
where hee writeth, that Sauorie hath the tafte of Tyme, and of Thymbraor the Winter Sa. 
uorie. 

Et Saturcia Thymi referens T hyrebraqs [aporem. 

7 Notwithftanding 
be that 7Aymbra which is called alfo Cunila. Sauorie in High Dutch is called Aunel Svatureyp, 
and Sadanep ¢ in Low Dutch,Ceutett : which name,as it {eemeth,is drawne out Cwaila : in Itali- 
an,Sauorece ta in Spanith, Axedrea,and Sagorida: in French,Sarriette : in Englifh, Sauorie, VV inter 
Sauoric,and Sommer Sauorie. 


this affertion of Columella, Pliny lib.19 cap. 8.makes Satureia,or Sauorie,to 


| The Temperature andV ertues. 


Winter Sauorie is of temperature hot and dric in the third degree , it maketh thin, cutteth, it A 


clenfeth the paflages:to be briefe, it isaltogether of like vertue with Time. 

Sommer Sauorie is not full fo hot aswinter Sauoric,and therefore faith Dioftorides, more fit to B 
bevfed in medicine ; it maketh thin,and doth maruelloufly preuaile againft winde : therefore it is 
with good fucceffe boiled and eaten with beanes,peafon,and other windie pulfes, yea ifit be appli- 
ed to the belly ina fomentation, it forthwith helpeth the affeas of the mother proceeding from 
winde, 


oS ae 17 6. Of Dodder. 


Cuftuta five Caffutha, 


ty Dodder.: 


The Defiription. 
Cuyecttea Cp dhy YmW11._ q fi p 


Vfcuta, ot Dodder,isaftrange herbe, alto- 

gether without leaues or root, like ynto 

threds very much fnarled or wrapped to- 
gether, confufedly winding it felfe about bu- 
fhes and hedges, and fundry kindes of herbes. 
The threds are fomewhat red : vpon which 
grow here & there little round heads or knops, 
bringing forth at the firft flendet white floures, 
afterward a fmall feed. 

@ The Place. 

This herbe groweth vpon findry kindes of 
herbes,as vpon Tyme,VVinter Sauorie, Ger- 
mander, and fuch like, taking his name from 
the herbewhereupon it doth grow,as that vpon 
Tyme is called Epithymum, vpon Line or flaxe 

fi Epilinum: and fo of others,as Dodoneus fettetli 
Be Ne aes ; forth at large:yct hath he forgotten one among 
y the reft, which groweth very pientifully in 
Sommerfetthire vpon nettles : neither is it the 
leaft among many, either in beautie or Opera- 
tion, but comparable to the beft Epithymum : 
following therefore the example of Diofcorides, 
Thaue thought good to call it Epiurtica, or ra- 
ther Ereave,,and {oof the reft according to the 
herbes whereon they do grow. 


—~\ 
uiiN 
yD 


@ The Names. 
The greateft is called in fhops euery where 
Cuftwta: and of diuers becaufe it groweth vpon 
Flaxé 


ae ener ee 


L 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 2, 

Lyne, Podagra Lini;the better learned do name it Caffuthaoz Cafytha: and Gefperysrwisiquer : 
ans, Ke/uth and Chafuth : in Dutch, Schortteanc wozanghe; in High D ucch, Filkraut: 
ch, Gone d’Lin,and Tigne de Lin: inEnglith,Dodder. 

The leffer and flender:: whichwrappeth it felfevpon Time and Sauotic, is called of Dieftorides 
iv the Apothecaries keep thename Epithymum « others, among whom is C4étuarivs,name that 
Epithymum whick groweth vpén Tyme oncly, and that which groweth on Sauorie Epithymbrum, 
and that alfo which bangeth vpon St@be,they terme Epiflebe,giuing a peculiar name tocuery kind, 

The Nature. ; 

The nature of this herb changethand altereth according to the nature and qualitie of the herbs 
whereupon it groweth: fo that by fearching of the nature of the plant you may eafily finde out the 
temperament of the laces growing vpon the fame. But more particularly : itis of temperature 
fomewhat more drie than hot,and that in the fecond degree: italfoclenfeth witha certaine aftri- 
Gtiue or binding qualitie, and efpecially thatwhich is found growing vpon the bramble: for ital- 
fo receiucth a certaine nature from his parents on which it groweth ; for when it groweth vpon the 
hotter herbes,as Tyme and Sauory,it becommeth hotter and drier,and of thinner parts:that which 
commeth of Broome prouoketh vrine more forcibly, and maketh the belly more foluble : and that 
is moifter which groweth vpon flaxe : that which is found vponthe bramble hath ioined with it 
as wee haue faida binding qualitie, which by reafon of this facultie ioyned with it is good to 
cure the infirmities of the Liuerand Milt: for feeing that it hath botha purging and binding fa- 
cultie vnited to it,it ismot fingular good for the entrals : for Galen in his thirreenth Booke of the 
Methode of curing, declare that fuch Medicines are fitteft of all for the Liuer and 
Milt. 


doth at | 


q The Vertues. 

Dodder remooueth the ftoppings of the liuer and of the milt or fpleene, it disburdeneth the 
veines of fegmaticke,cholericke,corrupt and fuperfluous humours : prouoketh vrine gently, and 
in ameane openeth the kidneies,cureth the yellow iaundife which are loyned with the {topping of 
the liuer and gall; it isa remedie againft lingring agues,baftard and long tertians, quartains alfo, 
and properly agues in infants and young children, as cMefues faith in Scrapio ; whoalfo teacheth, 
that the nature of Dodder 1s to purge cholerby the ftoole, and that more effectually if ir haue 
Wormewood ioined with it ; but too much viing of it is hurtfull ro the ftoraacke : yet Cduicen 
writerh that it doth not hurt it, but {trengtheneth a weake or feeble ftomacke , which opinion alfo 
we dobetterallow of. 

Epithymam,or the Dodderwhich groweth vpon Tyme, is hotterand drier than the Dodder that 

sroweth vpon flax, that is to fay euen in the third degree,as Galen faith. It helpeth all the infirmi- 
ties of the milt: it isa remedy againft ob{tru€ions and hard {wellings. It taketh away old head- 
aches, the falling fickneffe,madneffe that commeth of Melancholy,and ef{pecially that which pro- 
ceedeth from the {pleene and parts thereabout : it is good for thofe that haue the French difeafe, 
and fuch as be troubled with contagious vicers, the leprofie,and the {cabbie euill, 

It purgeth downewards blacke and Melancholicke humours, as Aetivs, Aduarivs, and Mefie 
write, and alfo flegme, as Déofcorides noteth : that likewife purgeth by ftoole which groweth vp- 
on Sauorie and. Scabious,but more weakly,as Adfuarius faith. 

Cufiwiaor Dodder that groweth vpon flax,boiled in waterorwineand drunke,openeth the ftop- 
pings of the liver, the bladder,the gall,the milt,the kidneies and veines,and purgeth both by fiege 
and vrine cholericke humours. 

It is good againft the ague which hath continued a long timeand againft the iaundife,I meane 

that Dodder efpecially that groweth vpon brambles. 

Epiurtica ot Dodder growing vpon nettles,is a moft fingular and effeGtuall medicine to prouoke 
vrine, and to loofe the obftructions of the body, and is proued oftentimes in the Weft parts with 
good fuccefle againit many maladies. 


Cuar. 177.. Of Fiyffope. 


q The Defcription, * 
I » Jofcorides that gaue fo many rules for the knowledge of fimples, hath left Hy flope al- 
together without defcription, as beeing a plant fo well knowne thai needed none: 
whofe example I follow not onely in this plant, but in many others which bee com- 

mon,to auoid tedioufneffe to the Reader. 


2 The 


b IB. 2. ses Of the Hiftory of Blanes 


Ph og 


1 Hy (fopus Arabum. 2 Hy(fopus Arabum flore rubro. 
Hy flope with blew floures. Hy {lope with reddith floures, 


m/z MWe Me 
a <2 
'\ Zz 
IZ 


( Las 
BZ AW. ob 3 
S SPD 
Ty Wife 
WA NZ: (EZ SON 
VAC > S = eS 
Za aN TENS ) 

i ie 2 (ex Pe BE 
eee (IRS 
iS G7 

= Sp Yin G 


t 3 Hy(fopus albis floribus. 4 Hyffopus tenuifolia. 


VVhite floured Hyffope. Thinne leafed Hyflope. APA Rg | 


Wig. a a 
NAW 


9) We 

—-—\\) Bin) ; | 
Wy) Bh) it ERE | 

Ey Wi | i 


Si { 
S\N ab y 
Say | 


Leg 


580 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. La deg 


2 The fecond kind of Hyffopeis like the 


$5 Ayffopus parva anguftis folys. former, which is our common Hy flope, and 
Dwarfenarrow leaued Hyffope. differeth inthat, thatthis Hyffope hath his 


fmall and flender branches decked with faire 

red floures. 

3 Thethird kinde of Hyflop hath Ieaues 
ftalkes, branches, feed, and root, like the com- 
mon Hyflope, and differeth in the floures on- 
ly,which are as white as fnow. 

4 This kinde of Hyffope ofall the reft is 
of the greateft beauty; it hath awooddie root 
tough, and full of ftrings; from which rife vp 
fmall,tough,and flender flexible falkes, wher- 
upon do grow infinite numbers of {mall Fen- 
nel-like leaues,much refembling thofe of the 
{malleft graffe, ofa pleafant {weet fmel,&aro- 
matick tafte, like vnto the reft of the Hyffops 
but much fweeter; at the top of the talks do 
grow amoneft the leaues {mal hollow floures, 
ofablewith colour tending to purple. The 
feeds as yet I could neuer obferue. 

+ 5 This differs from the firft deferj- 
bed, inthat the ftalkes are weaker and fhorter, 
the leaues alfo narrower, and of a darker co- 
lour: the floures grow after the fame manner, 
& are of the fame colour as thofe of the com- 
monkinde, + 

We haue in England in our gardens ano- 
ther kinde,whofe picture it hall be needleffe 
to expreffe, confidering that in few words it 
may be deliuered. Itis likevnto the former, 
but the leaues are fome of them white, fome 
greene,as theother;and fome green and white 
mixed and fpotted, very goodly to behold. 

Of which kinde we haue in our gardens moreouer another fort, whofe leaues are wonderfully 
‘curled rough, and hairie,erowing thicke thruft together,making as it were a tuft of leaues,in tafte 
and {mell,and in all other things like vnto the common Hyffope. 

Thaue likewife in my garden another fort of Hyffope,growing to the formeofa {mall wooddie 
fhrub, hauing very faire broad leaues like vnto thofe of Nwmularia, or Monywoort,but thieker,ful- 
| fer of iuice,and of a darker greene colour; in tafteand {melllike the common Hyffope. 
an 4 . q The Place. , =i 

ha" a All thefe kindes of Hyffope do grow in my garden, and in fome others alfo. 

1 On q The Time. 
yen i They floure from Iune to the end of Auguft. 

ane ig eg q The Names. es Maes 
iid ; a Hy flope is called in Latine Hy(fopes:the which name is likewife retained among the Germans, 
Brabanders,French-men, Italians,and Spaniards. Therefore that fhall fuffice which hath been fer 

downe in their feuerall titles. LS Hee 

¢ This isby moftWriters iudged tobe Hyffope vied by the Arabian Phyfitions,but not that 
of the Greekes, which is neerer to Oviganum and Maricrome,as this is to Satureiaor Sauorie. 
The Temperature and Vertues. 

A A decoétion of Hy flope made with figs,and gargled in the mouth and throte,ripeneth 8 brea- 
keth the tumors and impofthumes of the mouth and throte,and eafeth the difficultie of fwallow- 
ing,comming by cold rheumes. ; : . 

B _ The fame made with figges, water,honie,and rue,and drunken,helpeth the inflammation of the 
lungs,the old cough,and fhortneffe of breath, and the obftructions or {toppings of the breaft. 

C__ The firrup or iuice of Hyffope takenwith the firrup of vineger, purgeth by ftoole tough and 
clammie flegme, and driueth forthwormes if it be eatenwith figges. ; 

Dp . The diftilled water drunke,is good for thofe difeafes before named,but not with that {peed and 
force. 

t That figure in the third place was of the Saturcis Romane, 2-0F Tabernamontanue- 


CHAP. 


Lis: 25 


Of the Hiftory of Planta: 


Cuar.178 Of Hedge Hyffope: 


G The Defiription. 
. ' 
‘I Edge Hyflope is a low plant orherbe about a {pan long, very like vnto the common 
Hyflope, with many fquare ftalkes or flender branches, beferwith leaues fomewhat 
__Jargerthan Hyflope, but very like. The floures grow betwixt the leaues vpon thore 
ftems, of a white colour declining to blewneffe. All the herbeis ofa mof bitter tafte, like the 
i i a i i i ¥ 7ch mea cise 
{mall Centory. The root is little and threddy, dilating it felfe farre abroad ; by which meanes ie 
multiplicth greatly, and occupieth much ground where it groweth, 


t Gratiola, $ 2 Gratiola anguftifolia. 3 Gratiola latifolia, 
Hedge Hyflope: Graflé Poley. Broad leaued Hedge Hyflope. a 
it 


ki; Wares ‘ POT E DEED ari: ALO in] iy 


i) 1 data: 
NMA SS 0p Yd Yrywe 
pee 


#2 Narrow leaued Hedge Hyffope from a fall fibrous white root fends vp areddifh a: 
round crefted ftalke diuided into fundry branches, which are fet with leaues like thofe of knot HY i) 
grafle of a pale’'greene colour, and without any ftalkes :out of the bofomeof thefe come floures Dili 1 
ict in long cups compofed of foure leaves of a pleafing blew colour, which are fucceeded by lon- a 
gith feed-veffells conteyning a fmall dusky feed. The whole plant is without fmell, neither hath 
it any bitterneffe ot other manifett ratte. Tt varies in leaues,fometimes broader, and otherwhiles eh 
narrower, the plant growing fometimes but an handfull, and otherwhiles a foot high, Gefer cal- t ‘ 
led this Gratiola minor:and Camerarins, Hyffopoides : and Bauhine onely hath figured ityand that by a H 
the name of Hy(fopifolia fine Gratiola minor .Cordus irk mentioned it,and that by the Dutch name of ! 
Graffe Poley, which namewe may alfo very fitly retaine in Englith. + ale) 

3» Broad leaued hedge Hyflope hath many fimall and tender branches, foure fquare, and fome- i { 
what hollow orfurrowed, befet with leaues by couples one oppofite againft another, like vnto the ae 
former, but fomewhar’ fhorter,and much broader : among which grow the floires of a purple Wil 

Cec colour, 


— 


582 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


es 
colour, {potted on the infide with white, and of a brighter purple than the reft of the floure, fathi- 
oned like the fmalleft Aatirrhinum, or leaft Snapdragon ; which being paft. there fucceed litrle 
feed veffels, fafhioned like the nut ofa croflebow, which containe {mall yellowith feed, extreame 
bitter oftalte. The whole plant is likewife bitter, as the common or well knowne Gratiola, The 
root is compaé of a great number of whitifh {trings, entangled one within another, which migh- 
tily encreafeth and fpreadeth abroad. , 

+ This plant is onelya lefler kinde of the Lyfimachia galericulata of Lobell,which fome haue 
called Gratiola latifolia: our Authors figure was very ill, wherefore I haue endeavoured by the 
helpe of {ome dried plants and my memory to prefent you with a better expreffion thereof, +. 


@ The Place. 

The firft groweth in low and moift places naturally, which I haue planted in my Garden, 
+ The fecond was found growing by my oft mentioned friend M*. Bowles at Dorchefter in Ox- 
fordthire, at the backe fide of the enclofed grounds on the left hand of the towne, if you would 
ride from thence to Oxford in the graffie places of the Champion corne fields. + ‘The third 
groweth likewife in moift places. I found@t growing vpon the bog or marrifh ground at the fur-. 
ther end of Hamipftead heath, and vpon the fame heath towards London, neere vnto the head of 
the fprings that were digged for water to be conueied to London, 1590. attempted by that care- 
full citizen John Hart Knight, Lord Major of the City of London: at which time my felfe was in 
his Lordfhips company, and viewing for my pleafure the fame goodly {prings, I found the faid 
plant, not heretofore remembred. 


© The Time. 
The firft floureth in May:the fecond in Iune and Iuly:thethitd in Auguft. 
q The Names in generall. 

Hedge Hyffope is called in Latine Gratiola,and Gratia Dei,or the Grace of God , norwithftan- 
ding there isa kind of Geranizm,or Storkes bill,called by the larer name. Of Cordus, Lirmnefinm,and 
Centauroides:of Anguillaria it is thought tobe Diofcorides his Papaner {pumeum,ox Spatling Poppy : 
but fome think Papawer (pumenm to be that which we call Behen album:in Dutch it is called odts 
Gratie s in Italian, Stanca cauallo, becaufe that horfes when they haue eaten thereof dowax Jeane, 
and languith thereupon : and in Englith, Gratia Dei, and Hedge Hyffope. The {eed hercofis cal- 
led Gelbenech, which name the Arabians retaine vnto this day. 

£ G Names in particular, 

$ 1 Matthioius, Dodoneus and others haue called this Gratiola Anguillara,Gratia Dei s Cordus; 
Limnefinm,Centanroides ; he alfo thought it but vnfitly to be the Eupatorenm of Mefue » Gefner thinks 
it may be Polemoninm paluftre amarum of Hippocrates,that write ofthe difeafes of cattell. + 

2 Cordus called this Graffe Poley , Gefser,Gratiola minor; Camerarins, Ay{fopoides :and Banhine, 


Hy (fopifolia. , 
3 Thisis not fet forth by any butour Author, and it may fitly be named Lyfimachia galericta 
lata minor,as I haue formerly noted. ° 


q The Temperature. © 
Hedge Hyflope is hotand dry oftemperature. And the firft is onely vfed inmedicine, 
: : The Vertues, 

A Who fo taketh but one {cruple of Gratiola brufed, (hall perceiue euidently his effe@uall Opera- 
tion and vertue, in purging mightely, and that in great abundance, waterith, groffe, and flimy hu- 
mors. Covradus Gefnerus experimented this,and found it robe true, and fo haue I my felfe,and 
many others. 

B Gratiolaboiled,and the deco&ion drunke or eaten with any kinde of meate, in manner of a fal- 
Jade,openeth the belly,and cauféth notable loofenes yand to fcoure freely,and by that meanes pur- 
geth groffe flegme and cholericke humors. 5 
Gratiola or Hedge Hyffope boiled in wine and giuen to drinke, helpeth feuers of what fort fo- 
or and is moft excellent in dropfies, and fuch like difeafes proceeding of cold and watery 
caufes, 
D _ Theextra@iongiuenwith the powder ofcinamon and alittle of the juice of Calamint,preuai- 


Jeth againft tertianand quotidian feucrs, fet downe for moft certaine by the learned foachimus Ca 
Me rariUs. 


ms 


Lis. 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants, | 585 


a WAS 
Cuar.179. Of Lanander Spike. 
q The Defiription. 
t ¥ Avander Spike hath many ftiffe branches of a wooddie fubftance, growing vp in the 


manner of a fhrubbe, fet with many long hoarie leaues, by couples for the moft part; 

of a ftrong fmell, and yet pleafant enough to fuch as doe loue ftrong fauours. The 
floures grow at the top of the branches {pike fafhion, ofa blew colour, Thetoote is hard and 
wooddie. 

2 The fecond differeth not from thé ptecedent, but in the colour of the floures : For this 
Plant bringeth milke white floures; and the other bl@w, wherein efpecially confifteth the diffe: 
rence, 

Wee haue in our Englifh gardens a fmall kinde of Lauander,which is aleogether lefler than 
the other, + and the floures are ofamore purple colour and grow in much leffe and fhorter heads, 
yethaue they a farre more gratefull {mell; the leaues are alfo leffe and whiter than thofe of the 
ordinarie fort. This did,and I thinke yet doth grow in great plentie,in his Maiefties prinate Gar- 
~ den at White-hall. And this is called Spike, without addition,and fometimes Lauander Spike: 
and of this by diftillation is made that yulgarly known and vfed oile which is termed 0 lewm (pice, 
or Oile of Spike. £ ; 


1 Lavandula flore cernleo, 2 Lavandula flore albo. 
Common Lauander. VVhite floured Lauander, 


Nag SHA Aces 
\ We Vm 


qj The Place: 


In Spaineand Languedocke in France, moft of themountaines and defert fields, are as it wete 
; eee Cce 2 couered 


> Of the :-Hiftorie of Plants.: Levante) 


_ couered ouer with Lauander. In thefe cold 


Lavendula minor. five Spica. ; count ries they are planted in gardens. 
Lauander Spike. @ The. Tinie, 


They floure and flourifh in Tune and Iuly. 
@ TheNames. 

Lauiander Spike is called in Latine Lawen- 
dula,and Spica: in Spanith,Spi¢o,and Languda. 
The firft isthe male, and the fecond. the fe- 
male. Itis thought of fome to be that fweet 
herbe Cafia, whereof Virgil maketh’ mention 
in the fecond Eclog of his Bucolicks :, 


Tum Cafia atque alijs intexens fuavibus berbis, 
Mollia luteola pingit vacinia Caltha. 
(infold) 
& And then fhee’l Spike and fitch fweet herbs 
And paint the Iacinthwith the Marygold. 


And likewife in the fourth of his Geor- 
gicks, where hee intreateth of choofing of 
feats and places for Bees,and for the ordering 
thereof,he faith thus : 


Heagtircum Cafie virides ¢ olcentialate 
Serpilla, O grauiter fpirantis copia Thymbre 
Floreat;@¢, ——s-———-—— 


About them let frefh Lauanderand ftore 
Of wild Time with {trong Sauorie to floure. 


Yet there is. another Cafia calledin fhops 
Cafia Lignea,as al{o Cafiawig rawhich is named 


d ; Cafia fiftula sand another afmall fhrubbie plant extant among the fhrubs or hedge buthes,which 
qa fome thinke to be the Cafia Poctica,mentioned in the precedent verfes. 
} tee @| The Temperature. 
ee REY : Lauander is hotarid drie, and that in the third degree, and is ofa thin fubftanee, confifting of 
4 many airieand fpirituall parts, Therefore it is good to be giuen any way againft the cold difeafes 


of the head,and efpecially thofe which haue their original! or beginning not of abundance of hu- 
mours, burt chiefely ofa cold quality onely. 3 . 
| The Vertues, e : 
aie } A The diftilied water of Lauander fmelt vnto,or the temples and forehead bathed therewiah,is a 
peti vi eM A refrefhing co them that haue the Catalepfie,a light Migram,& to them that haue the falling fick- 
f neffe,and that vfe to fivoune much. But when there is abundance of humours,efpecially mixt with 
blond, itisnotthen to be vfed fafely, neither is the compofitionto be taken which is made of di- 
iat ha Let al | ftilled wine :in which fuch kinde ofherbes, floures,or feeds,and certaine {pices are infufed or ftec- 
Hi ped,though mof men do rafhly and ataduentu re giue them without making any difference atall 
Py Haut ii} For by viing fuch hot things that filland ftuffe the head, both the difeafe is made greater,and the 
| Bas a! a . ficke manalfo brought into danger, efpecially when lettingof bloud, or purging haue not gone 
VA COC ee A before. Thus much byway of admonition, becaufe that everywhere fome vnlearned Phyfitions 
etal and divers rath and oucrbold Apothecaries,and other foolith women,do by and by giue fuch com- 
‘i pofitions, and others of the like kinde,not only to thofe that haue the Apoplexy;bur alforto thofe 
| that are taken, or have the Catuche or Catalepfis with a Feuer; towhom they can giue nothing 
i worfe,feeing thofe things dovery much hurt,and oftentimes bring death it felfe. 


if Bs The foures of Lauander picked from the knaps,I meane the blew partand not the huske,mixed 

heal) with Cinamon,Nutmegs,and Cloues,made into pouder,and giuen todrinke in the diftilled water 

aia thereof,doth helpethe panting and paffion of the heart, prevaileth againft giddinefle,turning, or 

| i fwimming of the braine, and members fubieé to the palfie. 

i the C — Conferue made of the floures with fugar, profiteth much againft the difeafes aforefaid, ifthe 
1a quantitic ofa beane be taken thereof inthe morning fafting. ee 
Hit Dole profiteth them much that haue the palfie, if they bee wafhed with the diffilled water ofthe 


i floures, 


Joa pie: | Of the Hiftory of Baas . 


floures,or anriointed with the oile made of the floures,and oile oliue,in fuch m 
fes is,which thall be expreffed in the treatife of Rofes. 


Cuar, 180, Of French Lauander,or Stickeadoue, 


@ The Defcription. 


u Rench Lauander hath abodie like Lauander,fhort, and of a wooddie fubftance,but flen= 

derer,befet with long narrow leaues, ofa whitifh colour, leffer than thofe of Lauander:it 

hath in the top bufhy or fpikie heads,well compa@ or thruft together,out of the which grow forth 

{mall purple floures, of a pleafant fmell. The feede is fmall and blackith: the roote is hard and 
wooddie. ‘ 

2 This iagged Sticadoue hath many fmall ftiffegfalks ofa wooddy fubftance ; whereupon do 
grow lagged leaues in thape like ynto the leaues of Dill,but ofan hoatie colour: on the top ofthe 
ftalkes do grow {pike floures of a blewith colour ; and like ynto the common Lauander Spike:the 
root is likewife wooddie. + This by Clufiws who firft defcribed it,as alfoby Lobel , is called La- 
vendulamultifide folie, or Lauander with the dinided leafe; the plant more refembling Lauander 
than Sticadoue,+ 

3 There isalfoa certaine kind e hereof, differing in fmalneffe of the leaues onely;which are 
round about the edges nicked or toothed like a faw, refembling thofe of Lauander cotton. The 
root is likewife wooddie, 

+ 4  Thereis alfo another kinde of Stechaswhich differs from the firft or ordinarie kind, 
inthat the tops of the ftalkes are not fet with leaues almoft clofe to the head as in the common 
kinde,but are naked and wholly without leaues: alfoat the tops of the {pike or floures(as it were 
to recompence their defe& below) there growe larger and fairer leaues than in the other fortss 
The other parts of the plant differnot fromthe common Stechas. $ 


TL Stechas five (Pica hortulana, _ 2 Stachas multifida. 
Sticadoue and Sticados. lagged Sticadosy 


ik 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Te espe 


3 Stachas folio i ferrato. +4 se a ees cauliculis nudis 
i aked Sticadoue, 
Ole. 
Toothed Sticad 


@ The Place. 
aa Thefe herbes do grow wilde in Spaine,in Languedocke in France,and the Tilands called Stoe- 
4 chades oueragainft Maffilia : we haue them in our gardens, and keepe them with great diligence 
from the iniurie of our cold clymate, 


=n ae 


-s 
@ The Time. ies 
They are fowne of feed in the end of Aprill,and couered inthe Winter from the cold,og éls fer 
By { d in pots or tubs with earth,and carried into houfes. : 


a @- 
The Names, ® 


i i The Apothecaries call the floure Stecados + Diofcorides, a : Galen 
' Hyer SU EL the firft fyllable :in Latine, Stechas : in High Dutch, Stichas ra 
yall Bhi Cantue(fo: in Englith,French Lauander, Steckado,Stic 
imitating the fame name do call it Cait me downe. 

HEH ant © The Temperature. 
zt aa French Lauander faith Galen is of temperature compounded of a little cold e 

sam ene HN by reafon whereof it bindeth: it is of force to take away obftruc 
a Hi to feoureand clenfe,and to ftrengthen not onely all the entrails 


G The Vertues. 
Diofcorides teacheth that the deco&ion hereof doth helpe the difeafes of the cheft,and is with 
good fucceffe mixed with counterpoifons. 

The later Phyfitions affirme, that Stechas,and efpecially the floures of it,are mot effectuall a- 
gainit paines of the head,and all difeafes thereof proceeding of cold caufes,and th 
mixed in all compofitions almoft which are made againft head-ache of long cont 
poplexie, the falling fickneffé,and fuch like difeafes, 

The decoétion of the husks and floures drunke,openeth the {toppings of the liner,the lungs, the 
C = milt,the mother,the bladder,and in one word all other inward parts,clenfing and driuing forth all 
euilland corrupthumours, and procuring vrine. 


la 
» taae, by the dipthong win 
Ut sin Spanith, T homani,and 
kadoue,Caffidoniec,and fome fimple people 


arthie fubftance, 
ions,to extenuate or make thinne, 
sbut the whole bodicalfo. 


erefore they be 
inuance, the A- 


MOH APS 


Cie. 2 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Cuar. 18. Of Flea-wort. 
@ The Defcription. 


- 7 5yéium,ox the common Flea-wort hath many round and tender branches, fet Aull of 
and narrow leaues fomewhat hairy. The top of the ftalkes are 
round chaffie knops, befet with {mall yellow floures : whichbe 

little fhining feeds, in proportion, colour, and bigneffe like ynto fleas. 

2 The fecond kinde of P/j/ium or Flea-wort hath long and tough branches,ofawooddy fub- 
ftance like the precedent, but longer and harder,with leaues réfembling the former,but much lon- 
ger and narrower. The chaftie tuft which containeth the feed is like the other, but more like the 
eare of Phalaris, which is the eare of Alpiftz, the Canarie feed which is meat®forbirds that come 
from the Iflands of Canarie. The root hereof J@feth all the Winter, and likewife keepeth his 
greene leaues, whereof it tooke this addition of Sempervirens. 


ifhed with 


§ ripe cOntaine maar y 


1 Pfyllium fine pulicaris berba. 2 Piyllium {empervirens Lobeli. 


Flea-wort. Neuer dying Fiea-wort. 


@| The Place. 
ing i Bele F s they doe in France < Spat vet I 
 Thefe plants are not growing in our fields of England, as they doc in France and Spaine; yet} 
haue them growing inmy garden, ; 
@ The Times 


They floure in Iuneand Iuly. 
@ The Names. 


Flea-wort is called in Greeke wus ¢ in Latine, Pulicaria,and Herba Pulicaris : in fhops,P/yZinw 


- in Englifh, Flea-wort , not becaufe it killeth fleas, but becaufe the feeds are like fleas: of fome, 


Flea-bane, but vnproperly : in Spanith, Zargatona : in French, L’herbe aus pulces : in Dutch, Buyls 
blope-crupt 
P Pt, q] TheTemperature. : SRR 
Galen and Serapio record, that the feed of P/jllinm (which is chiefely vfedin medic nz)is co' in 


the fecond degree, and temperate in moifture and drineffe. Pree 


Thee 


Bere. 


ee See 


ee 


—— ae 


A 


588 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.e. | 


@ The Vertues, 

The feed of Flea-wort boyled inwater or infufed, and the deco@ion orinfufion drunke,purgeth 
downewatds aduft and cholericke humors, cooleth the Mate of the inward parts, hor feauers, bur- 
ning agues, and fuch like difeafes proceeding of heate, and quencheth drought and thirft. 

The feed {tamped, and boyled in water to the forme of a plaifter, and applied, taketh away all 
fivellings of the ioynts, efpecially if you boyle the famewith vineger and oyle of Rofes, and apply 
it as aforefaid. 

The fame applied in manner aforefaid vnto any burning heate, catled $. Anthonics fire, or any 
hot and violent impoftume, aflwageth the fame, and bringeth it to ripeneffe. 

Some hold that the herbe ftrowed in the chamber where many fleas be, will driuethem away; 
for which caufe it tooke the name Flea-wort : but I thinke it is rather becaufe the feed doth refem- 
blea flea fo much, that it is hard to difcerne the one from the other. 

@ TheD ING CY. 


‘Too much FleasWort feed taken "igi hurtful! to mans nature: fo that I with you not 


to follow the minde of Galen and Diofiorid is point, being a medicine rather bringinga ma- 
ladie, than taking away the griefe : tememb¥ine the old prouerbe,A man may buy gold too deare; 
and the hony is too deare that is lickt from thornes. 

+ Diofcorides nor Galen mention no vfe of this inwardly ; but on the contrarie,Déofcorides in his 
fixth booke, which treats wholly of the curing and preuenting of poyfons, mentions this in the 
tenth chapter for a poyfon, and there fets downe the fymptomes which it caufes, and refers you to 


the foregoing chapter for the remedies. + > 


Cuar. 185. Of Gloue Gillofloures. 


x Caryophyllus maximus multiplex. 2 Caryophyllus multiplex. 
The great double Carnation. The double Cloue Gillofloure. 


G The Kindes. 
‘Tote are at this day vnder the name of Caryophyllus comprehended diuers and fundry forts of 


nts 


+ plants, offuch various colours,and alfo feuerall fhapes, that a great and large volume would. 
j : not 


“TL ipea ‘Of the Hittory of Planes, 


every yeare euery clymate and countrey bringeth forth new forts, fuch as han herer 
written of; {ome whereof are called Camnations, others Cloue Gillofloures, fone § ay 
fome Pagiants , or Pagion colour, Horfe-fleth, blunker, purple, white, double and {i1 
floures, as alfo a Gillofloure with yellow floures :the which a worfhipfull Merchant 


bin 
5.in wine 
Gillo- 


de London 
M’.Nicolas Lete procured from Poland,and gaue me thereof for my garden,which before that time 


was neuer feene nor heard of in thefe countries. Likewife there be fundry forts of Pinkes com. 
prehended vnder the fame title, which fhall be defcribed in a feucrall chapter. There be vnder the 
name of Gillofloures alfo thofe floures whichwee call Sweet-Iohhs and Sweet-Williams. And 
firft of the great Carnation and Cloue Gillefloure. : 

+ There are very many kindes both of Gillofloures, Pinkes, and the like, which differ very 
little in their roots, leaues, feeds, or manner of growing, though much in the colour, fhape, and 
magnitude of their floures , wherof fome are of one colour, other fome of more sand of them fome 
are {triped, others fpotted, &c. Now I (holding it a thing not fo fit for me to infift vpon thefe ac- 
cidentall differences of plants, hauing {pecifi que differences enough to treat of) refer fuch asare 
addiéed to thefe commendable and harmetefle delights to furuey the late and oft mentioned 
Worke of my friend M*. John Parkinfon, who hath accurately and plentifully treated of thefe ya- 
rieties ; and if they require further fatisfaGion,let them at the time of the yeare repaire to the gar- 
den of Miftrefle Tuggy (the wife of my late deceafed friend M*, Ralph Tuggy) in Weftminfter, 
which in the excellencie and varietie of thefe delights exceedeth all that I haue féene :asal{o hee 
himfelfe whilefbhe lined exceeded moft, if not all of his time,in his care, induftry,and skill in rai- 

_ fing, encreafing,and ‘preferuing of thefe plants and fome others ; whofe Joffe therefore is the more 
to be lamented by all thofe that are louers of plants. Iwill onely giue you the ficures of fome 
three or foure more, whereof one is of the fingle one, which therefore fome terme a Pinke,though 
in mine opinion vnfitly,for that it is produced by the feed of moft of the double ones,and is of dif: 
ferent colour and fhape as they are, varying fom them onely in the finglenefle of the floures. + 


$ Caryophyllus maior & minor,rubro cy albo variegati, + Caryophyllus purpurcus profunde lacinidtus. 
The white Carnation, and Pageant, The blew,or deep purple Gillofloure. 


WI 
Ss 


<< 
SN ms 2 Su mn 
St, Son, 


Tiss 


STE 


SANA DAA 


SANG 


not fuffice to write of euery oné at large in particular s confidering how infinite they are OW 
5 D cy are, and 7 


590 Of theHiftoryof Plans. Lan. 2, 


@| The Defcription, 


I He great Carnation Gillow-floure hatha thicke round wooddy root, from which ri- 
fethvp many {trong ioynted ftalkes fet with long greene leaues by couples : on the 
top of the ftalkes do grow very faire floures of an excellent fweet {mell, anid pleafant 

Carnation colour, whereof it tooke his name. 

a The Cloue Gillofloure differeth not from the Carnation but in greatneffé as well of the 
floures as leaues. The floure is exceeding well knowne, as alfo the Pinks and other Gillofloures 3 
wherefore I will not ftand long vpon the defeription. 


+ Caryophyllus fimplex maior. q) The Place, 
The fingle Gillofloure or Pinke, 


Thefe Gillofloures, efpecially the Carnati- 
ons, are kept in pots from the extremity of our 
_ Winters. The Cloue Gillofloure endu- 
@ ~~ reth better the cold,and therefore is planted in 
gardens. 
q The Time, 

They flourifh and floure moft part of the 
Sommer, 

a The Names, 

The Clone Gillofloure is called of the later 
Herbarifts Caryophylleus flos, of the fmell of 
cloues wherewith it is poffefled : in Italian,Ga- 
rofoli : iwSpanith, Clauel: in French, ocillets - 
inlow-Dutch, ®inofelbloemen sin Latine of 
mokk, Ocelles Damafcenus, Ocellus Barbaricus, and 
Barbarica: in Englifh, Carnations,and Cloue 
Gillofloures. Offomeit is called /etonica,and 
Herba Tunica. The whieh Bertzrdus Gordonius 
hath fet downe for Diofcorides his Polemoninm. 

That worthy Herbarift and learned Phy fiti- 
on of late memorie M'. Do@@} Turner maketh 
Caryophyllus to be Cantabrica , which Pliny, lib. 
23. cap. 8. writeth to haue beene found out in 
Spaine about Auguffus time, and that by thofe 
of Bifeay. m 

Tohannes Ruellins faith, That the Gillofloure 
was vnknowne to the old writers : whofe iudg- 
ment is very good, efpecially becauife this 
herbe is not like to that of Fetenica or Cant abrj- 
ca. It ismaruell, faith he, that fucha famous 

floure, fo pleafant and fweet, fhould lie hid,and not be made knowne by the old Writers : which 
may be thought not inferiour to the rofe in beauty, fmell, and varietie. . 
The Temperature. 
The Gillofloure with the leaves and roots for the moft part are temperate in heateand drineffe. 


q The Vertues. 
A. Theconferue made of the floures of the Cloue Gillofloure and fugar, is exceeding cordial,and 
_ wonderfully aboye meafure doth comfort the heart, being eaten now and then. 
B . Icpreuaileth againfthot peftilenciall feuers, expelleth the poyfon and Furie of the difeafe, and 
greatly comforteth the ficke, ashath of Jate beene found outbya learned Gentleman of Lec in 
Effex,called M'.Rich. 


Cua. 183, Of Pinks, or wilde Gillofloures. 
| The Defiription. 
x He double purple Pinke hath many graffie leaues fet vpon {mall ioynted ftalkes by 


couples, one oppofite againft another, whereupon doe grow pleafant double ae 
oures, 


Lis, 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 


aa Caryophyllus fjluestrisfimplese : 2 Caryophyllas fylneftris fimplex, franerubens, 
Single red Pinks, 


_ Single purple Pinks. a os 
DD) ocd ie Cary [eby les. 


3 Caryophyllus plumarins albus, + Caryophyllus plumarius albus odoratior « 
White jagged Pinks, Largewhite jagged Pinks. 


592 Of the Eiftory of Plants. Lis, 2. 


floures ofa moft fragrant fimell;not inferiour to the Cloue Gillofioure, Thexzoot is fmall and. 
wooddy. 

+ There is alfoa fingle one of this kinde, whofe figure] here giue you in ftead of the double 

. one ofour Author, + 

2 The fingle red Pinke hath likewife many {mall graffie leaues leffer than the former : The 
floures grow at the top of the fmall ftalkes fj ngle, and of a fweet bright red colour. 

3 Thewhite iagged Pinkehatha tough wooddy root: from which rife immediately many 
graffie leaues, fet vpona fmall ftalke fullof ioynts or knees, at cuery loynt two one againft ano- 
ther euen to the top., whereupon do grow faire double purple floures of ‘a fiveet and fpicie fmell, 
confifting of fiue leaues, fometimes more, cut or deepely iagged on rhe edges, refembling a fea. 
ther: whereupon I gaue it the name Plzamarius, oy feathered Pinke, The feed is foft, blackifh, and 
like vnto Onion feed. i 

+ There is another varietie of this, with the leaues fomewhat larger, and greener than the laft 
mentioned : the floures alfo are fomewhat bigger, more cut in or diuided, and ofa much fweeter 
fell. + ' bi 

‘4 This purplecoloured Pinke is very Tike the precedent in ftalkes, roots, and leaues. ‘The 
floures grow at the top of the branches leffer than the laft defcribed, and not fo deepely iagged 
ofa purple colour tending to blewneffe, wherein confifteth the difference. 

There be diuers forts of Pinks more, whereof to write particularly wereto {mall purpofe,confi- 
dering they are all well knowne to the moft, ifnot toall. Therefore thefe few fhall ferueat this 
time for thofe that we do keepe in our gardens :notwithftanding I thinke it comuenient to place + 
thefe wilder forts in this fame chapter, confidering their nature and yertues doe agtee, and few or 
none of them be vfed in phyficke, befides their neereneffe in kindred and neighbourhood. 


4. Caryophyllus plumarius purpurens. 5 Cariophyllus plumarius fylueftris albuse 
Purple jagged Pinkes. Whitewilde jagged Pinkes, 


= Wu 


7 ‘The 


Levee! Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ease 


6 et a montanus purpureus ; ei Caryophyllus wont dnies Clu fi; ; 
__. Wilde Purple iagged Pinke. Clufivs mountaine Pinke, 
i?) Dd t aero $ Debt piolege Le " 


£8 Caryophyllus pumilio Alpinus. 
Dwarfe Mountaine Pinke. 


DO (Lerner apy KCOonr_ke— 


ae 


= NYE NIG: 
“Ul 


9 Caryophyllas carulens fine Aphyllanthos. Mp 
Leafeles Pinke,or rufhy Pinke. SS 


7 Themountaine Pinke of Clufizs his defcription hath many leaues growing into a tuft like ae f 
vntothofe of Thrift, and ofa bitter tafte : among {t which rife vp fmall flender foot-ftalkes, rather | aie fy 
than ftalkes or,ftems themfelues, of the height of two inches , whereupon do grow fuch leaues as ays) | 
thofe that were next the ground, but leffer, fet by couples one oppofite to another: at the top of a Oy | 
each final! foot-ftalke doth ftand one red floure without fmell,confifting of fiue little leaues fer in i Wh He Bs 

 arough hairy huske or hofe fiue cornered, of a greenifh colour tending to purple. The root is AW Wh 
toughand thicke, cafting abroad many fhoots, whereby itgreatly enereafeth. | eh 


+ 8 This forhis ftature may inftly take the next place ; for the ftalke is fome inch high, fet 
with little fharpe pointed greene graffie leaues : the floures which grow vpon thefe ftalks are com- Pal 
pofed of fiue little fleth-coloured leaues a little diuided in their vpper parts: the feed is contained 
inblacke fhining heads, and it is {mall and reddifh, and fhaped fomwhat like the fafhion ofa kid- Bie tain 


ney, whereby it comes neerer to the Lychmides, than to the Caryophylli or Pinkes. The root is long, I | 
blacke,and much {preading whereby this little plant coucrs the ground a good {pace together like th 


as amoffe, and makes a curious fhew when the foures are blowne,which is commonly in] pe Ie i‘ 
cing 23 3) oures’ 5 ar 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lis.2. 
10 Caryophyllus montanus albus. A £11 Caryophyllys pratenfis. 
W hite mountaitie Pinke, , Deptford Pinke, 
OW voi Ptank 


ONT ae 


£ 13 Caryophyllus montawus humilis latifolius: 
Maidenly Pinkes. 


12 Caryophyllus Virginens. 
Smal! mountaine broad leaued Pink. 
3 
i 
{ 
| 


ite eo iar ieee 
Bk Of the Hiftory of Planers. 
+ hy lus montanus albus. 15 Conyophylus Holafins 
VV hite mountaine Pinke. Wilde Sea Pin} 


1 inke, 
Cenragthum 


16 Caryophyllus Holof 


aruenis. 
Pinke. 


tt olo3loawr_ 


leafed wil 


$17 Caryophy!. humilis flor cand .ameno, 
White Campion Pinke. 
etl ote 


596 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 
It growes naturally on diuers places of the Alpes. Gefnercalled it Mufens floridus : Pona, Oci- 
moides Mufcofus : and Clufius, Caryophylus pumilio Alpinus 9. 

9 This leafe-leffe Pinke (as the Grecke word doth feeme to import) hath many {mall mth 
or benty leaues rifing immediately froma tough ru fhy root :among which rife vp ftalkes likevnto 
ruthes, ofa fpan high, without any ioynt at all, but {mooth and plaine ; on the top whereof grow- 
eth a {mall floure of a blewith or sky colour, confifting of foure little leanes fomewhat iagged in 
the edges, not vnlike thofe of wilde flax. The whole plant is very bitter,and ofa hot tafte. 

10 The white mountaine Pinke hath a great thicke and wooddy root , from the which imme- 
diately rife vp very many {mall and narrow leaues, finer and Jeffer than graffe, not ynlike to the 
{malleft ruth : among which rife vp little tender ftalkes,ioynted or kneed by certaine diftances, fet 
with the like leaues cuen to the top by couples, one oppofite againft another : at the top whereof 
grow pretty fweet fmelling floures compoted of fiue little white leaues, The fecd is {mall and 
blackifh. 

1r There isa wilde creeping Pinke which groweth in our paftures necre about London, and 
in other places, but efpecially in the great field next to Detford, by the path fide as you goe from 
Redriffe to Greenwich , which hath many {mall tender leaues fhorter than any of the other wilde 
Pinkes,fet ypon little tender ftalkes which lie flatvpon the ground, taking hold of the fame in 
fundry places, whereby it greatly encreafeth ; whereupon grow little reddifh Roures. The rooris 
{mall, tough, and long lafting, 

1z This Virgin-like Pinke is like vnto the reftof the garden Pinkesin ftalkes, feaues, and 
roots. The floures are ofa bluth colour, whereof it tooke his name, which fhewerh the difference 
from the other. 

+ | Thiswhof€ figure I giue you for that {mall leaued one that was formerly in this place,hath 
{lender ftalkes fome {panne high, fet with two long narrow hard fharpe pointed leaues at each 
ioynt. The floures (which grow commonly but one ona ftalke) con{fitt of fiue little fhipt leaues 
ofa light purple colour, rough,and deeper coloured about their middles, with two little crooked 
threds orhornes : the feed is chaffie and blacke : the root long , and creeping; irfloures in\A prill 
and May, and is the Flos caryophyllews fylueftris 1 of Clufins. + 

13 C/ufins mentions alfo another whofe ftalkes are fome three inches high :the leaues broa- 
der, fofter, aiid greener than the former: the floures alfo that grow vpon the top of the ftalkes are 
larger than the former, and alfo confift of fiue leaues ofa deeper purple than the former, with lon. 
ger haires finely intermixt with purple and white. 

+ 14 This from a hard wooddy root fends vp fuch ftalks as the former, which are fet at the 
ioynts with {hort narrower and darker greene leaues : the floures are white, fiveet-fmelling, confi. 
fting of fiue much diuided leaues, hauing two threds or hornes in their middle. It flutes in May, 
and itis the Caryophyllus fylueftris quintus of Clufius. + 

ie 15 Thiswilde fea Pinke hath diuers {mall tenderweake branches trailing ypon the ground, 
: whereuponate fer leaues like thofe of our fmalleft garden Pinke, but of anold hoary colour ten- 
bid j ding towhitenefle,as are moft of the fea Plants. The floures grow at the top of the {talks in fhape 
P likethofe of Stitch-wort, and ofawhitifh colour, Neither the feeds nor feed-veffels haue I as yet 
Pi obferued : the root is tough and fingle. 

me 16 There is another of thefe wilde Pinkes which is found growing in ploughed fields, yet in 
q fuch as are necre vnto the fea: it hath very many Icaues {pred vpon the ground of a frefh green co. 
i four; amongft which rife vp tender ftalkes of the height of a foot, fer with the like leaues by cou- 
Hie ples atcertaine diftances. The floures grow at the top many together, in manner of the Sweet. 
fa f fal William, ofa white, or fometimes alight red colour. The root is {mall, tough,and long lafting. 


eke = 
int | Hi + This isakinde of Gramen Lencanthemum, ox Holoftenm Ruellij, decribed in the 38. Chapter of the 


firft booke. 

17 Clufiusmakes this a Lychnis : and Lobel(whom There follow)a Pinke,calling it Caryophyllus 
minirnus bumilis alter exotics flore candido amano, This from creeping roots fendeth vp euery yeare 
many branches fome handfull and better high, fet with two long narrow greene leaues ateach 
i ‘he floures which grow on the tops of thebranches are ofa pleafing white colour,compofed 
zed Jeaues without fell. A fter the floures are gone there furcceed round blunt poin- 
ted veflels, containing a {mall blackith flat feed like to that of the other Pinks. This hath a vif- 
cous or clammy iuyce likeas that of the emufcipula’s or Catch-flies. Clufius makes thishis Lych- 
mis fylue tris decima, ¥ 


| The Place, 

ides of Pinkes do grow for the moft part in gardens, and likewife many other forts,the 
ce ouer long towrite of particularly. Thofe that be wilde doe grow ypon mountaines, 
ftony rockes, and defart places. The reft are {pecified in their deferiptions. 


Thefe ki 
which we 


q The 


- Agree, F OF the Hiftory of Plants. 507 


| The Time. 
They floure with the Cloue Gillofloure, and often after, 
G The Names. 

The Pinke is called of Pliny and Turner, Cantabrica and Staétice : of Fuchfins and Dodoneus, Veto. 
picaaltera,and Vetonica altilis : of Lobelins and Fuchfius, Superba: in French, Gyrofflees, Ocillet=, and 
Violettes herbyes : in Ytalian, Garofoli, and Garoni : in Spanith, Clauis : in Englith, Pinkes,and Small 
Honefties. 


@ The Temperature. 
The temperature of the Pinkes is referred vnto the Cloue Gillofloures. 
@ The Vertues. 

Thefe are not vied in Phy ficke, but efteemed for their vfe in Garlands and Nofegaies. They 
are good tobe put into Vineger, to giue it a pleafant tafte and gallant colour,as Ruellius writeth, 
Fuchfins {aith,thar the roots are commended againft the infection of the plague;and that the inice 
thereof is profitable to wafte away the ftone, and to driue it forth : and likewife to cure them that 
haue the falling fickneffe, 


Cuap. 184. Of Sweet Saint ‘Fobns and Sweet Willams. 


1 Armériaalba, 2 Armeriaalba cy rubra multiplex. 
WV hite Iohns. Double white and red Iohns, 


z Ol SG S 
Ss." 
(5 ry \ \ \\ 
AIPA YS 


¢q ‘The Defeription. 


I Weet Iohns haue round ftalkes as haue the Gillofloures, (whereof they are a kinde) a 
S cubit high, whereupondo grow long leaues broader than thofe of the Gillofloure, of a 
greene graflie colour :the foures grow at the top of the ftalkes, very like vnto Pinks, 
ofa perfe& white colour. 
2 The fecond differeth not ftom the other but in that,that this plant hath red floures,and the 
other white, 
Ddd 3 We 


{ 
{ t 
i 
i 
| 


598 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Laprel.. 


We haue in our London gardens a kinde hereof bearing moft fine and pleafant white floures, 
{potted very confufedly with reddith fpots, which fetteth-forth the beauty thereof; and hath bin 
taken of fome (but not rightly) to be the plant called of the later Writers Superba Auflriaca,or the 
Pride of Auftria. + Itits now commonly in moft places called London-Pride. ay 

t Weehaue likewife of the fame kinde bringing forth moft double floures, and thefe ei- 
ther very white, or elfe of a deepe purple colour. 


3 Armeria rubra latifolia. 4. Armeriafuaue rubens, 
Broad leaued Sweet-Williams. Narrow leaued Sweet-Williams. 


3 Thegreat Sweet-William hath round ioynted ftalkes thicke and fat, fomewhat reddith 
about the lower ioynts, a cubit high, with long broad and ribbed leaues like as thofe of the Plan- 
taine, ofa greene graffic colour, The floures at the top of the ftalkes are very like to the fmall 
Pinkes, many ioyned together in one tuft or fpoky vmbel, ofa deepe red colour : the root is thick 
andwooddy. 

4 The narrow leaned Sweet-William groweth vp to the height of two cubits,very wel refem- 
bling the former, but leffer, and the Jeaues narrower: the floures are of a bright red colour, with 
many {mall fharpe pointed graffic leaues ftanding vp amongft them,wherein efpecially confifterh 
the difference, 

¢ 5 This little fruitfull Pinke (whofe figure our Author formerly gaue in the firt place of 
the next chapter faue one) hath a fmall whitifh wooddy root, which fends forth little ftalks fome 
handful! and better high , and thefe at each ioynt are fet with two thinne narrow little leaues : at 
the top ofeach of thefe ftalkes growes a fingle skinny fmooth fhining huske, out of which (as in 
other Pinkes) growes not one onely floure, but many, one ftill comming out as another withers ; 
fo that oft times out of onc head come feuen,cight, or nine floures one afteranother,whiclvas they 
fade leaue behinde them a little pod containing fmall blacke flattith feed. The-floure is of a light 
red,and very fmall, tanding with the head fomewhat far out of the hofe orhuske. + 

gy The Place. 
Thefe plants are kept and maintained in gardens more for to pleafe the eye,than either the nofe 
or belly. 
© The 


Lis.2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 599 


+ 


£5 Armeriaprolifera, Lob. 
Childing fiveet Williams, @ The Time: 
y Wn 0k NA 4 
o% alee ngewe They flourifh and bring forth their floures 
; in Apriland May, fomewhat before the Gil- 
lofloures, and after beare their floures the 
wholé Sommer. 


q The Names. 

The fiveet Iohn,and alfothe fweet Willi- 
am are both comprehended vnder one title, 
that is to fay, 4rmeria : of fome, Superba,and 
Caryophyllus (ylueftris : of fome Herbarifts, 7e- 
tonica acreftis,or Sylucftris : of fome,Herba tuni- 
ca: butit doth no more agree herewith than 
the Cloue Gillofloure doth with /etonsca 
aliera, or Polemonium. in Frenchy Armoires : 


hereupon Rvellivs nameth them Armery F lo- UAH 
ves: in Dutch, Aepkeng: as though you maPH th a 


fhould fay; a bundell or cluftet, for in their ih | 
vulgar tongue bundles of floures or nofegaies a a | 
they call Repkens : doubtleffe they are wild WH (aid 
kindes of Gillofloures; In Englith the fir TAO ; 
twoare called Sweet Iohns;and the two lait, a 
Sweet Williatis, Tolmeiners, and London 
Tufts. 


@ The Temperature and Vertues, aN hi 

Thefe plants are not vfed either in meat eae | 

or medicine,but efteemed for their beauty to a 

decke vp gardens,the bofomes of the beauti- 
full,garlands and crownes for pleafure. 


Cu ar.i85. Of (row floures;or Wilde Williams. mit ! 
@ The Defcription. . 


I Efides thefe kindes of Pinkes before defcribed,there is a certaine other kitide,either of f | 
the Gillofloures or elfe of the Sweete Williams, altogether and euery where wilde, i) 
which of fome hath beene inferted amongft the wilde Campions , of others taken to | i 
be the true Flos Cuculi, Notwithftanding I ami not of any of their mindes,but doe hold it for nei= 
ther: but rather a degenerate kinde of wilde Gillofloure. The Cuckow floure I haue comprehen- 


ded wnder the title of Sifimbrinm : Englithed, Ladies fmocks;which plant hath been generally ta- 4 . f 
ken for Flos Cuculi Ithath ftalks ofa fpanora foot high,wherupon the leaues do ftand by couples rie Ne | 
out of cuery ioint,they are fmall and bluntly pointed,very rough and hairy. The floures are placed Hh | i 
onthe tops of the ftalkes,many in one tuft,finely and curioufly {nipt in the edges,leffer than thofe Hy wee 
of Gillofloures, very well refembling the Sweet VVilliam (whereofno doubt it isa kinde) of a Bile re 


light red or Scarlet colour. Ri 
2 This female Crow-floure differeth not from the male, fauing that this plant is leffer,andthe t 
floures more finely iagged like the feathered Pinke,whereofitisakinde, 
3 Of thefe Crow-foures we haue in our gardens one that doth not differ from the former of ik 
the field, fauing that the plant of the garden hath many faire red double floures,ind thofe of the i i 
ficld fingle. f 


i 
@ The Place. fi 
Thefe grow allabout in Medowes and paftures,and dankith places. 


600 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


———— oe 


I CArmoraria pratenfis mas. £ 3 Armoraria pratenfis flore pleno. J 
o The male Crow floure. The double Crow-floure. 


\ i] 
oY Cnms 


wD Cof— Crk 


NN y y 
Wi V, 


wi 


q The Time, 

They begin to floure in May, and end in Tune. 

@ The Names. 

The Crow floure is called in Latine Armoraria[ylueftris, and Avmoracia: of fome, Flos Cuculi, 
but not properly ; itis alfo called Tunix : of (ome, Armeria, Armerius flos primus of Dodon. and 
likewife Caryophillias minor (ylueftris folis latioribus : in Dutch, Craepnbloembens $ that is to fay, 
Cornicis flores : in French,Cuydrelles.In Englith,Crow floures,wilde Williams,mar(h Gillofloure oe 
and Cockow Gillofloures. 

The Temperatures and V ertues. 

Thefe are not vfed either in medicine or in nourifhment: but they ferue for garlands & crowns, 

and to decke vp gardens. 


Cuar. 186. Of (Catch-Fhe, or Limewoort. 


q The Defcription, 


I "His plant, called ¥i/caria, or Lymewoort,is likewife of the ftocke and kindred of the 
T wilde Gillofloures : notwithftanding C/ufizs hath ioined it with the wilde Campions, 
making ita kinde thereof,but not properly. Lofe/among the Sweet Williams,wher- 
ofdoubtleffe it is akinde. It hath many leaues rifing immediately from the root like thofe of the 
Crowfloure,or wilde fiveet VVilliam : among which rife vp many reddith ftalkes iointed or kneed. 
at certaine {paces,fet with leaues by couples one againft another: at the top whereof come foorth 
prettic red floures which being paft there commeth in place {mall blackith feed. The root is large 
with many fibres. The whole plant, as well leaues and ftalkes,as alfo the floures,are here and there 


* coucred ouer with a moft thick and clammie matter like vnto Bird-lime,which if you take in your 


hands. 


Lis. 2 


—. 


t 1 Vifcariafive Mufcipula, 
Limewoort, 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 7 | vig 


2 UMufcipula Lobely, 


2atch,Flie. . 
SDrrne fepipintiee UL OL 


hands, the flimineffz is fuch,that your fingers 
will ftick and cleaue together,as if your hand 
touched Bird-lime : and furthermore, if flies 
do light vpon the fame, they will be fo intan- 
gled with the limineffe, that they cannot flie 
away; infomuch that in fome hot day or other 
you (hal fee many flies caught by that means. 
VVhereupon ‘fT haue called it Catch Flie, or 
Limewoort. ¢This is Lychnis/yl. 3.0f Clufiuss 


Vifcago of Camerarius, and Mufcipula (ine Vi{ia- ; 


ria of Lobel, 

2 This plant hati: many broad leaues like 
the great fiveet VVilliam,but thorter(where- 
of it is likewifeakinde) fet vpon a ftiffe and 
brittle ftalk, from the bofom of which leaues, 
fpring forth fmaller branches, clothed with 
the like leaues, but much leffer. The floures 
grow atthe top ofthe ftalkes many togéther 
tuft fathion,ofa bright red colour. Thewhole 
plant is.alfo poffeffed with the like liminefte 
as the other is,but leffe in quantitie. + This is 
Lychiis fyl.1.0fClufius,and Mufcipula five Ar - 
moraria altera of Lobel : Dodoneus calls it Ar- 
encrivs flos 3.inhis firft Edition: butmakes 
it his fourth inthe laft Edition in Folio. + 

# 3  Thereisalfo belonging vato this 
kindred another plant which Clzfizs makes 
his Lychnis fjl.¢."It comes yp commonly with 
one ftalke a foot or more high,ofa green pur- 


ey. 
pltin 


arse 


+ See 


602 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lise 


plith colour, with two long fharpe pointed thicke greenc leauc s, fepat each ioint : from 
dle to the top of the ftalke grow little branches,which vpon pretty long ftalkes carry floures confi- 
fting of fine little round leaues, yet diuided at the tops; they are ofa faire incarnate colour, with 
adeepe purple ring in their middles, without fmell :afterthe floures are paft fucceede skinny 
and hard heads, finaller towards the ftalkes, and thicker aboue, and inthefe are contained verie 
{mall darke red feeds. The root is thicke and blacke,with many fibers,putting vp new fhootes and 
{talks after the firft yeare,and not dying euery yeare like as the two laftdeferibed. 
The Place. 

Thefe plants do grow wilde in the fields in the VVeft parts of England,among the corne : wee 
haue them in our London gardens rather for toyes of pleafure, than any vertues they are poflefied 
with,that hath as yetbeen knowne. 


@ The Time, 
They foure and flourith mok part of the Sommer. 
q The Names. 
h Plieshath beene taken for Beben, commonly fo called, for the likeneffe thar it hath with 
Behen rubente flore : or with Behen that hath the red floure;called of fome V’alerianarubra,orred Va- 
lerian ; for itis fomething like ynto it in iointed ftalkes and leaues,but more like in colour : of 
Lobel,Mufcipula and Vifcaria - of Dodon. Armerius flos tertius - of Clulius,Lychuts [yluefiris Theo- 
phrafti,and Behen rubram Salahanticum : in Englith, Catch Flie, and Limewoort. 
@ The Nature andVertues, 

The nature and vertues of thefe wilde VVilliams are referred to the Wilde Pinkes and Gillo- 

floures. 


t Our Authour certainly intended in this f place to figure and deferibe the Mu/z if 
that plant which I haue given you inthe laft Ch aue one by the name of Armeri pi 
ef wilde Campions,vnder the title of Lychn 195 incanas 


or Vifcaria of Lobel, 


but. the figure he he 
4 Lobelis.The fig 


gue inthe firlt plac€ was of 
which belonged ¢ 


s place was in the Chapter 


Cua v. 187. Of Lhrift,or our Ladies (ufbion. 


x Caryophyllus marinus minimus Lobelij , 2 Caryophyllus Mediterrantus. 
Thrift or Sea Gillofloure, Leuant.Thrift,or Sea Gillofloure 
{ PAR 


Linz Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. 


60% 


G The Defcription, 
I Hyift is alfoa kind of Giliofloure,by Dodowews reckoned among grafles, which brings 
forth leauesin great tufts thick rhruft togethet,fmaller,flenderer,& fhorter than gra fle; 
among which rife vp fmall tender ftalkes of a {panne high,naked and without leaues ; on the tops 
wherupon ftand little floures ina {pokie tuft,ofa white colour tending to purple. The rooris long 
and threddie. 
The other kinde of Thrift,found vpon the mountaines neere vnto the Leuant or Mediterranean 
fea,differeth not from the precedent in leaues, ftalkes,or floures, but yet is altogether greater, and 
| the leaues are broader. 
| G The Place. 
| 2 The firftis found in the moft falt marfhes in England,as alfo in Gardens, for the bordering vp 
gf beds and bankes,for the which it ferueth very fitly. The other isa ftranger in thefe Northerne 
Regions. : 
@ The Time. 
They floure from May,till Sommerbe far {pent. 
q The Names: 

Thrift is called in Latine Gramen Polyanthemum,of the multivude of the floures : of fome, Gra- 
men marinum : of Lobel, Caryophyllus Marinus : In Englith, Thrift, Sea-grafie,and our Ladies Cu- 
fhion, 

The Temperature and Vertues. 
Their vfe in Phyficke as yet is not knowne,neither doth any feeke into the Nature thereof, but 
efteeme them onely for their beautie and pleafure. 


Cuar. 188 Of the Saxifrage of the eAntients, and of i 
that great one of Matthiolus, with that of | 
Pena and Lobel. 


$ His name Saxifraga or Saxifrage , hath of late been impofed vpon fundry plants farre 
different in their fhapes,places of growing, & temperature,but all agreeing in this one 
facultie of expelling or driuing the ftone out of the Kidneies, though not allby one 
meane or manner of operation. But becaufe almoft all of them are deferibed in their fit piaces by 
our Authour,I will not infift vpon them : yet I thinke ir not amiffe a little to enquire,whether any 
Saxifraga were knowne to the Antients ; and if knowne,toWwhat kinde it may probably be referred, 
Of the Antients, Diocorides,Panlas Bgineta,and Apuleius feeme to mention one Saxifraga, but Pli- 
wy ,lib.22. cap.21. by the way,fhewes that fome called sdianthum by the name of Saxifragum: but 
this is nothing to the former ; wheicfore I will not infift vpon it, but returne to examine that the 
other three haue writtenthereof. Dioft.lib. 4. betweene the Chapters of Tribulus and Limonium, 
to wit,in the feuenteenth place hath dcliuered the Hiftorie of this plant,both in the Greeke Edi- ib, 
tion Of Aldys Manutiusas alfo in that of Marcellus Virgiliws,yecthe whole Chapter in the Paris E- #) 
dition, 1549, is reie&ed and put amongft the Notha, The beginning théreof-(againft which they 
chiefely except) is thusy sepkigapy s+ ¥ oupLigparfinss Miumier, impor oF pense, (1) Sarxiphagon, aly vero Sarxt- i} 
frangon als] vero Empetron.Romani,Sarxifranga.T he firft exception of Marcellus Virgilius againtt this ; 
Zhapter is Peregrina Grecis & aliena vox Saxifraga eft,c'c. The fecond is, Quod mult 0 feliciares th com- ei 
ponendis ad certiovem ret alicuins fignificationem vocibus Graci, quam Latini,grc. The third is, Solam in to- 
40 hoc opere primain,e> aprincipio propofitam audiri Romanam vocem, tamaqne inopes in appellanda hac herba , 
fuilfe Grecos, vt mifi Romana voce cam indicaffent, nulla (ibi futura efet. Thefe are the arguments which i 
he vfes againft this Chapter ; yet reiets it not,but by this means hath occafioned others without 
fhewing any reafon, to'doe it : Now I will fet downe what my opinion is concerning this mat- 
_ ter,and fo leaue itto the indgement of the Learned.I grant Marcellus,that Saxifraza is a ftrange and 
no Greeke word ; butthe name inthe title, and firft inthe Chapter both in his owne Edition and 


A 


all the Greeke Editions that I haue yet {eene is =zi92;, which none,no not he himfelfe can de- eat 
nie tohauea Greeke original] ov w ni oxfpasysn: of eating the flefh : yet becaufe there is no fuch fa- et 
cultie as this denomination imports attributed thereto by the Authour, therefore hee will not al- b He cd at 
low itto be fo. But you mufnote that many names are impofed by the vulgar,and the reafon of t A 
the name not alwais explained by thofe that hatre written of them,as in this fame Author may be al 


réene 


eS 


— 


ne aera 


ants. Lipe2. 


sCrateozonon, and diuers others,which are 
or feeme tobe fignificant, and to import fomething by their name; yet he faith nothing thereof, It 
maybe that which they would expreffe by the name, was, that the hearbe had {o piercing a facultie 
thatit would eat into thevery flefh. The fecond and third Argument both are anfwered,if this 
firft word be Greeke,as I haue aireadie fhewed irto be , and therearenot many words in Grecke 
that more frequently enter into firch compofition than 9a; :a5 Pamphagos,Polyphagos,Op/iphagos,and 
many other may fhew. Moreouer, it hath beene dbfurdt Diofcorides,or any elfehow fi mple fo- 


euer they were, if they had knowne the firft word tohaule beene Latine and Saxifraga,to fay againe 
prefently after that the Romanes called it Saxzfranga,or Saxifraga,for {o it thould be,and not Sarxi- 
franga:but I feare that the affinitie of founds more than of fignification hath caufed this confufion, 
efpecially inthe middle times betweene vs and Diofcorides, when learning was ata very low ebbe, 
Thechieferéafons that induce mee to thinke this Chapter warthie to keepe his former place in 
Diofcorides, are thefe : Firft,the generall confent ofall both Grecke and Latine copies (as Marcel- 
/us{aith) how antient foeuer they be. Secondly, the mention of this herbe for the fame effe& in 
fome Greeke Authours of a reafonable good antiquitie ; for Paulus e#einetateftifieth that 
EapGlgayes Dprittnir me 62x alsor Spvmieey, Then Trallianas among {tother things in a Conditum Nephriticum men- 
tions 2-199: but Nonus a later Greeke calls-ir=+tie-ys: {0 that it is euident they knew and vfed 
fome fimple medicine that had both the names of Sarxiphagon and Saxiphragos,which is the Latine 
Saxifraga, Now {ecing they had,and knew fucha fimple medicine,it temaines we enquire after the 
fhape and figure thereof. Dioftorides defcribes it tobe a fhrubby plant,growing ypon rockes and 
craggie places, like vnto Epithymum: boiled inwineand drunke, it hath the faculty to helpe the 
Strangurie and Hicket ; italfo breakes the {tone in the bladder and prouokes vrine. This word 
Epithymum is not found in moft copies,but a {pace left for fome word or words that were wanting : 
But Marcellus {aith,he found it expreft in a booke which was Omnium vetmliffimus oy probatiimus : 
and Hermolaus Barbarus faith,V eterem in Diofcoride pitturam huius herba vidinon plus folijs quam cir- 
11s minutis per ramos ex intervallo conditts, nec frequentibus, in cacumine furculorum flocci few arentes potins 
quarn flofculi, fubrubida radice non fine fibris. A figure reafonable well agreeing with this defcription 
of Hermolaus,I lately receiued from my friend M®, Goodyer, whowrit to me that he had fought to 
know what Saxifraga (to wit,ofthe Antients) fhould be;and finding no antient Authour that had 
defcribed it to any purpofe,he fought Apuseius;which word Apuleius (faith he) is the printed title: 
my Manufcript acknowledgeth no Authour but Apolienfis Plato . there is no defcription neither, 
butthe Manufcript hath a figure which I haue drawne and fent you,and all that verbatim that hee 
hath written of it,I thould be glad to haue this figure cut and added to yourworke, together with 
his words, becaufe there hath beene fo little written thereof bythe Antients, ‘ This his requett I 
thought fit to performe,and haue( for the better fatisfaG@ion of the Reader) as you fee made a fur- 
ther enquirie thereof : wherefore I will onely adde this,that the plants here defcribed,and the 4/- 
fine Saxifraga of Colum together with the two Chickweed Saxifrages formerly defcribed Chap, 174. 

come neereft of any that I know tothe figure and deliniation of thisof the Antients. 
Nomen iftius herbe, Saxifraga, Icon & defcriptioex Manufcriptovetue 
tiffimo, ; 


Quidam dicunt eam Scoloperdriam, aly 
Scoliomos aly Vitis canum, quidam vero Bru- 
60s. Italt Sax ifragam, Egypty Peperem, alij 
Lamprocam eam nominant. Nafcitur enimin 
Montibus c locis faxofis. . 


Vnacura ipfius ad calculos expellendos 


_ Herbamistam $ axifragam contufam calcu- 
lofo potum dabis invino, Ipfevero fi febrici 
tauerit cum aqua calida, tam prefens effectum 
ab expertistraditum,vt eodem dic perfectws ie 


ifque calculis ad fanitatem vfque produ. 
cit. 


1 This firft littleherb,faith Camera. 
rins,hathbeencalled Saxifraga magna,not 
from the greatneffe of his growth, bur 
of his faculties: The ftalke iswooddie, 
writhen 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 
writhen,and below fometimes as thicke as ones little finger,from which grow many {mall & hard 
branches, and thofe flender ones ; rhe leaues are little, long and fharpe pointed : the floures are 
white and fmall,and grow in cups,which are finely fnipt at the top inmannerofa coronet,wherein 
is containeda {mallred feed » the rootes grow fo faft impaét in the Rockes,that it cannot by any 


meanes be got out. It grows vpon diuers rocks in Italy and Germany ; and it is the Saxifraga mag- 
na of Matthiolus, and the Italians. 


- : F I 
hor Saxifraga magna Matthioli, . tits) Saxifraga et al : 
| ; +4 147 ry eo a 2 % L 0. i 
Matthiolus his great Saxifrage. Saxifrage of the Antients,according to 


; i 5, 
Pal 
i 4h i 


2 Penaand Lobel fay, this growes a 
in great plenty in Italie,in Dolphonie 1) 
in France, and England, hauing many at 
{mall flender branches a foot high, in. | 
tricately wrapped within one another, Ca ut 
where they are fet with many graffie A ey 
ioynts : theroote is fmall and white mea: eae 
with fome few fibers : the leaues ftand H 1h) 
by couples at the ioynts, beeing long wale 
and narrow ; of the bigneffe and fi- Hi | 
imilitude of thofe of the wilde Pinks, aha ROI 
or Rocke Sauorie: vpon eachwood- Tae 
die, fmall, capillaric, ftraight, and ER 
creeping little branch, srowes one lit- Buh 
tle floure fomewhat like a Pinke, bee- i 
. ing finely fhipt about the edges: and A a a a 
in the head is contained acound {mall reddith Tecd. The forefaid Authours call this Saxifragra,fi 
ve Saxifraga Antiquorum, 


ad " 
The Vertues, ie 


I Matthiolus faith,that Calceolarius of Verona mightily commended this plant to him, for the A ' \ 
fingular qualitie it had to expell or driue forth the ftone of the Kidneies,and that I might in verie i 
deed beleeue it, he fent mé abundance of ftones, whereof diners exceeded the bigneffe of a beane, Ai 
which were voided by drinking of this plant by one onely Citizen of Verona, called Hieronymo de mY ty 
Torte ; but this made me moft to wonder, for that there were fome ftones amongft them, that fee. at 
med rather to come out of the Bladder,than forth of the Kidneies. i, Eee ait 
2 This(fay the Authours of the CAduer/.) as it is the latett receiued in vfe and name for Saxi- B Bil { 
frage,fo is it the better & truer,efpecially fo thought by the Italians,both for the highly commen- fi 
ded facultie,as alfo for the neete affinitie which it feemes to haue with Epit hyimum. &c. + q 


Eee 


| Of the Hiftorie of Plants. - Lis.2. 


Crap. 189. Of Sneefewoort, 


q The Defiription, 


I 


He {mall Sneefe-woort hath many round and brittle branches ; befet with long and 
narrow leaues,hackt about the edges like a faw , at the tops of the {talks do grow {mall 
fingle floures like the wilde field Daifie. The root is tendérand ful] of ftrings,creeping far abroad , 
in the earth,and in fhort time occupieth very much ground: the whole plant is fharpe, biting the 
tongue and mouth like Pellitorie of Spaine,for which caufe fome haue called itwilde Pellitorie. 
The fmell of this plant procureth {neefing, whereof it tooke the name Sternutamentoria,that is the 
herbe which doth procure fneefing, or Neefewoort. , 

2 Double floured Sneefewoort, or Ptarmica,is likevnto the former in leaues,ftalks,and roots, 
fo that vnleffe you behold the floure, you cannot difcerne the one from the other,and it is excee- 
ding white,and double like vnto double Fetherfew. This plant ts of great beautie,and if irbecut 


downe inthe time of his flouring,there will come withina month after a fupplie or crop of floures 
fairer than the reft. 


2 Ptarmica. 2 Ptarmica duplici flore. 
A Wen Snecfeyy Ore, t F Double floured Sneefwoort. 
eV CM é Arm Ca 


* 


FoF SOR AIAN) SN 

3 There is alfo another kind hereof, of exceeding great beauty,hauing long leaues fomewhat 
narrow Jike thofe of Oliue tree: the ftalks are of acubit high,on the top whereof doe growe verie 
beautifull foures of the bignes ofa {mall fingle Marygold,confifting of fifteene or fixteene large 
Jeaues, of a bright fhining red colour tending to purple ; fet aboura ball of thrummic fubftance, 
fuch as is n the middJe of the Daifie, in manner ofa pale; which floures ftand in fcalie knops like 


thofe of Knapweed,or Matfellon, The toot is ftraicht,and thrufteth deepe into the ground, 


£ Ptarmica Imperati , an Ptarmice Auftriace fpecies Cluf-Cur poft.p.32. 


4 Thisrifeth vpwitha fmall hard tough cornered whitith woolly ftalke, diuided into many 
branches, 


Village neere London called Kentith towne,and in 


Lay 2 


Of the Hiftory of Planes. 


4 


e) 


Ptarmica Anfiriaca. 


Sneefewoort of Auftrich, 


607 


branches, and thofe againe divided into other 
branches like thofe of Cyarzs about two foot 
high, wherein grow long narrow whitifh Cot- 


Goodyer 


t Thereftgrow onely in gardens, 


q The Time, 


They floure from May to the end of September. 


qT The Names, 


@ The Place, 


tonie leaues out oforder, of a bitter tafte,whi- 
ter below than aboue,of thecoloutr of the leaues 
of Wormwood, hauing but one rib or finew g 
that in the middle of the leafe, and commionly 
turne downewards : on the topof each {lender 
branch groweth one {mall {calic head or knap, 
like that of Cyanus which bringeth forth a pale 
purple floure without fmell, containing fixe, 
feuen,eight,or more, {mal hard drie fharp poin- 
ted leaues: in the middle w hereof groweth ma- 
ny ftiffe chiues, their tops being of the colour 
of the floures : thefe floures fall not away till 
the whole hearbe peritheth, but change into a 
ruftie colour : among ft thofe chiues grow long 
flat blackith feed witha little beard at the top. 
The root is fmall, whitifh, hard and threddie, 
and perifheth when the feed is ripe,and foone 
{pringeth vp by the fall of the feede, and re- 
maineth greene all the ‘Winter, and at the 
Spring fendeth foorth a ftalke as aforefaid, 
The herbe touched or rubbed fendeth forth a 
pleafant aromaticall fmell. Iuly 26.1 620.lohn 


The firft kinde of Sneefewoort grows wilde 
in drie and barren paftures in many places, and 
in the three great fieldes next adioyning toa 
fundry fields in Kent about South#eer, 


Sheefewoort is called of fome Prarmica,and Pyrethrum fylueffre,and alfo Draco  filueftris,or Tarcon 
filuefiris:of moft,Sternut amentoria,taken from his effedtbecautfe it procureth {neefing : of Fragus 8¢ 
Tabern.Tanacetum acutum album : in Englith,wilde Pellitorie,taking that name from his fharp and 
biting tafte ; but iris altogether vnlike in proportion to the true Pellitorie of Spaine. 


q The Nature. 


They are hot and dri in the third degree. 


The iuicemixed with 


ache. 


@ The Vertues, 


Vineger and holden in the mouth eafeth much the paine of the Tooth. 4 


The herbe chewed and holden inthe mouth, bringeth mightily from the braine flimie flegme, B 
like Pellitorie of Spaine, and therefore from time to time it hath beene taken for a wilde kinde 


thereof, 


Cuar.ige. Of Hares Eares. 


q The Defiription. 


Arrow leafed Hares Eares is called in Greeke simaen, and is reputed Of the late wri- 
terstobe Buplesrum Plinij, from which the name or figure difagreeth not; it hath 
the long narrow and graffic leaues of Lachryma lob, or Gladiolus, ftreaked or balked 


as it were with fundry ftiffe Rreakes or ribbes ru 


Eee.2 


nning along euery leafe, as Plinie {peaketh of 


his 


/ 


$e 


4 
iit f 
fit be } 
4 | amet 
Ald We ed 
at Bie 
hi Hi ha 
Bi 5 


a. 


608 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lisz.2. 


his Heptapleurnm, The ftalkes are acubite and a halfe long 
{tiffe,{preading themfelues into many branches : at the tops 
tufts or heads like Dill. The root is as big as 
like in tafte,{mell,and refemblance of {eede, 
Bupleurum,whercof] now {peake,and by the 


, fullof knots or knees, very rough or 
ps whereof: grow yellow floures tn round. 
a finger, and blacke like Pecedanumwhereunto it is 
which doth the more perfuade me that itis the true 
authoritic of Nicander and Pliny confirmed, 


1 Bupleurim ancuftifolium M onfpelicn{e, 


0g, 2 Bupleurum latifolium Mon|pelienfe. 
Narrow leafed Hares Eare, : 


Broad leafed Hares Eare, 


On 


2 The fecond kinde called broad leafed Hares Eares, in figure,tu ftes, a a ; the my 
famewith the former kinde, faue that the leaues are broader and ftiffer, es ees . tek 
, i | it Hares Eares,hauing 1 >mi > leafe fome hollow- 
midft:which hath caufed me to call it Hares Eares,hauing goes ope the lea e : 
7. Pt ic Tre: 2yY 4 a r “ I a. 
nefle refembling the fame. The root is greater and ofa wooddie fubfta: 
@ The Place. . 
i nd hard gr inN grow- 
They grow among Oken woods in ftony and hard gt oundsin Narbon.] haue found them grow- 
ing naturally among the bufhes vpon Biefton caftle in Chefhire. 
Fa @ The Time. 
They floure and bring forth their feed in Iuly and Augutt. 
; q The Names. aa rae 
i i i ur urns 1 eke, Aeraten: the caries of Montpelier in 
Hares Eare is called in Latine Bupleurum: in Grecke, om fe Ae es oF Monty elfer in 
cul Z ererore : ares- Kare - Vater; tts 
France do call it Auricula leporis,and therefore I terme it eh, nglifh Hares 
ameth it 1/phyllon,but whence he had that name, it is not knowne. 
; @| The Temperature. 
They are temperate in heat and drineffe. 
q The Vertues, ey: 
Hippocrates hath commended it in meats. for falladsand Pot-hearbs : but by Oa bay 
Glaucon and Nicander,it is efee Qual! in medicine,hauing the tafte and fauour of een a eae 
: shots ig inegate fa : ¥ SARS: 2 <On Lt zter 
the place thereof for wounds,and is taken by Trazus for Panax Chironinm, who doth reckon 
Herbas vulnerartas. 


The 


Loa Bs 2. 


¥a ET: } 
Of the Hiftory of Plants. 
The lea umped with falt and wine,and applied , doe confurne and dvineaway the {wellin 
ofthe neck,called the Kings euill,and are vied againft the ftone and Grauell, q 


600 


B 


o 
fo) 


Cuar. 191. Of Gromell, 


q The Defcription. 


I He great Gromell hath long, flender and hairie ftalkes,befet with long,browne & hoa- 

ri¢ leaues , among which grow certaine bearded huskes, bearing at the firft {mall blew 

floures;which being paft, there fucceedetha gray ftonie {eed fomewhat fhining. The rooris hard, 
and of a wooddie {ubftance. 

2 The fecond kinde.of Gromell hath ftraight, round, wooddie ftalks,fullofbtanches: The 
Ieaues long,fmall,and fharpe,ofa darke greene colour; {maller than the leaues of great Gromell ; 
among which come forth little white floures ; which being paft,there doth follow fuch'feed asthe 
former hath,but {maller. i} 

t 3  Thereis another kinde of Gromell,which hath leaues and ftalkes like the fall kinde: gh | 
the feed is not fo white,neither fo fmooth and plaine,but fomewhat fhriucled or wrinckled. The 
leaues are fomewhat rough like vnto the common Gromell, but the floures are ofa purple colour; i 
and in fhape like thofe of thatwilde kinde of Bugloffe, called Anchu/a,forwhich caufe it carrieth 
thatadditament Aachufe facie. ni 


4 There is alfoa degenerate kinde hereof called Amchufadegener, being either a kinde of wilde aii iit 
Bugloffe,or a kinde of wilde Gromell,or elfea kinde of neither of both, bura plant patticipating ae aes ek 
of both kindes: it hath the feeds and ftalkes of c2zilivm folis,or Gromell : the leaues and rootes of ae Ae 
Anchufawhich is Alkanet, and is altogether ofa red colour like the fame. 5 We ‘| " 

ani th 4 
1 Lithofpermum maius. 2 Lithofpermam minus, - } ; ; 


Great Gromell, Small Gromell. 


She sp BRAN Pe trlodnio - tadrodladingke 


610 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Laih. 


Lithofpermum Anchufe facie. £ 4 Anchufa degener facie Mili (els 
ie Pareto floured Gromell, Baftard Gromell. 


@ The Place, ; 

The two firft kindes do Stow in vntoiled places,as by the high waies fides,and barren places,in 

vad the ftreet at Southfleet in Kent, as you goe from the church v 
Pa iag 


nroanhoufe belonging toa gentle- 
man of worfhip,called M'. William Swanand in fi undry other places. 


The two laft kindes grow vpon the fands and Bach of the Sea,in the ifle of Thanet neere Recul. 
vets,among the kindes of wilde Bugloffe there growing, 
sh H @ The Time, 


They floure from the Sommer Solftice, orfrom the twelfth day of Iune euenynto Aucumne, 
Atty m 


and in the meane feafon the feed is ripe. 


@ The Names. 
La ? Gromell is called in Greeke \istantpuer, Of the hardneffe of the feed:of diuers 
Aegonychon, Leontion,or Diofporon,or Diofpyron,as Plinie readeth it, and alfo H 
ans,M:linm féler : in fhops,and among the Itali 
y Gremill, and Herbe aux perles ; in Englith, 
he $ i wale, 


»Corgoninm: of others, 
eracleos : of the Arabi. 
ans,Milinm folis : in Spanith,Myjo dl fol:in French, 
Gromell: of fome, Pearle plant ; and of others,Lich. | 


| The Temperature. 
‘eta HARA The feed of Gromell is hot and drie in the fecond degree. 
AP ne Pe tne G The Vertues. / 

A Te A The feed of Gromell pound, and drunke in White wine, breaketh,diffolueth,and drineth forth 
Ce TT aE the ftone, and prouoketh vrine,and efpecially breaketh the ftone in the bladder. 


Cuar.ig92 Of Chickeweed. 


q The Defcription. 


I a great Chickeweede rifeth vpwith ftalkes a cubith 


igh,and fometime higher,a great 
Many from one roote, long and round, flender, 


full of ioints, with a couple of Jeaues 


Lip. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 


growing out of cuery knot or ioynt aboue an inch broad, and longer than the leaues of Pel litorie 
of the wall, whereunto they are very like in fhape, but fmooth without haires ox downe » and of a 
light greene colour : the ftalkes are fomthing cleere,and as itwere tranfparent or thorow-fhining 
and about the ioynts they be oftentimes of a very light red colour, as be thofe of Péllitorie of the 
wall: the foures be whitifh onthe top of the branches, like the floutes of $ titchworr, but yet lef. 
fer: in whofe places {ueceed long knops, but not great, wherein the feed is contained, The root 
confifteth of fine little ftrings like haires. 

2 The fecond Chickweed for the moft part lyeth vpon the ground : the ftalkes are fimall,flen- 
der, long, and round, and alfo ioynted : from which flender branches do {pring leaues refembling 
the precedent, but much leffer, as is likewife the whole herbe, which inno refpeg attaineth to the 
greatnes of the fame: the floures are in like fort little and white : the knops or feed-heads are like 
the former ; the root is alfo full of litle firings. 


1 Alfine maior. 2 Alfine minor, fiue media, 
Cores tere PE (108 ae ae ge Ce 


3 The third is like the fecond, but farre leffer :the ftalkes be moft tender and fine : the feaues By i 
are very {mall, the floures very little; the root maruellous flender. ii 

4 Alfo there is a fourthkinde which growethby the fea: this is like to the fecond, but the Rh i 
ftemmes are thicker, fhorter, and fuller ofioynts\: the leaues in like fort be thicker: the knops or Bi a wel 
{eed-heads be not lung and round, but fomewhat broad, in which are three or foure feeds con- aE Hie 
tained. if aad 

5  Thevpright Chickweed hath avery fimall fiagle threddy root, from which rifeth vp a flen- i j 
der ftemme, diuiding it felfe into diuers branches:euen from the bottome to the op; whereondo bi 
grow {mall leaues, thicke and fat in refpe& of the others, in fhape like thofe of Rue or Herbe- } | Hi 
Grace. The floures grow atthe top of the branches , confifting of foute fmall leaties of a blew \ 
colour. i! 

6 The ftone Chickweed is one of the common Chickweeds, hauing very threddy branches i 
couering the ground farreabroad where it groweth: the leaues be fet together by couples + the hi 
floures be fall and very white : the root is tough and very flender. ih Ha 
77 Speedwell ay aL 


— 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Tired, 


Alfine minima, CAI ine marina. 
3 4 


Fine Chickweed. Sea Chickweed. 


5 Alfine recta. 


{ 
“ : . 6 Alfine Petrea, 
F i _ Right Chickweed, __ Stone Chickweed. 
, f Seine tah jtlos— STULL cin tion sef4pr flo t 
i | J Tf YD 


Lip. 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


7 Aljfine folys Vevonice. 
Speed-well Chickweed. 


1 5 SOE ar erndid 


9 Alfine fluviatilis. 


10 Alfine palufiris. 
Riuer Chickweed. 


Marifh Chickweed. ae ay 


a 


“if \= ON 
=, ae 


AN SS 


eve Se SS 


Bee) Tai ipa 


614 


Of che! Hiftorie of Plants. Langa 


7 Speedwel Chickweed hatha little tender ftalk, from which come diuers {mall armes or bran- 
ches as it werewings,fet together by couples ;whereon do grow leaues fet likewife by couples, like 
thofe of Veronica, or herbe Fluellen, whereof it tookehisname. The floures grow along the bran- 
ches of a blew colour ; after which come little pouches wherein is the feed : the root is {mall,and 
likewifethreddy. This in the Hift. Lugd. is called Elatize poly(chides : and Fabius Columna iudgeth 
it tobethe Aly/fon of Diofcorides. £ 

8 There isa kind of Chickweed growing in the brinks and borders of Wels, Fountains, & fhal- 
low Springs, hauing many threddy roots from which rife vp diuers tender ftalks, whereupon doe 
grow long narrow leaues ; ftom the bofomes of which come forth diuers fmaller leaues ofabrighr 
greene colour. The floures grow at the top of the ftalkes, fmall,and white of colour. 

9 There is likewife another water Chickweed fmaller than the laft defcribed, hauing for his 
root a thicke haflocke or tuft of threddy ftrings : from which rifevp very many tender ftems, ftret- 
ching or trailing along the ftreame ; whercondo grow long leaues fet vpon a middle rib,like thofe 
of Lentils or wilde Fetch : the floures and feeds are like the precedent, but much {maller. 


$ x1 Alfinerotunaifolia, five Portulaca aquatica. 13 Alfinebaccifera. 
Water Purflane, 


Berry-bearing Chickweed. 
OP, pls Ge oda Va ae Oe | LAL « 


$ 12 Aljine palustris ferpillifolia, 
Creeping water Chickweed. 


we ‘ 
Cabltncbe, eee 


to There growes in the marith or waterith grounds another fort of Chickweed, not much yn- 
like the reft of the ftocke or kindred of Chickweeds. It hatha long root of the bigneffe ofa wheat 
ftraw,with divers ftrings hanging thereat, very like the root of Couch-graffe :from the which ri- 
feth vp diuers vprightflender ftalkes, fet with pretty large fharpe pointed leaucs ftanding by cou- 
ples at certaine diftances :onthe top of the ftalkes grow. {mall white floures like thofe of Stitch- 
wort, but leffer, and of a white colour. 

# it Tothefe water Chickweeds may fitly be added thofe twowhich I mentioned and fi- 
gured in my laft iournall : the former of which, that I haue there called alfine aquatica folijs rotun- 
dioribus, fine Portuica aquatica, (that is) Round leaued Chickweed,or water Purflane,hath a {mall 
{tringy root which fends forth diuers creeping {quare branches,which here and thereat the ioynts 


pu Cc 


Lame) Of the Hiftory of Plants. 61s 


put out {mall fibres, and take root againe : the leaues grow at the ioynts by couples, fomwhat Ion- 
gith, and round at the points, refembling thofe of Purflane, but mtich {maller,and ofa yellowith 
greene colour: at the bofomes of the leaues come forth little tloures,which are fucceeded by little 
round feed-veffels containing a {mallround feed. Bawhine hath fet this forth by the name of Alfine 

paluftris minor folys oblongis. 
12 Theotherwater Chickweed, which /oh» Bauhine hath mentioned by the n 
folia and Cafper Banhine by the title of Alfine paluftris minor Serpillsfolia, hath alfoweake and tender 
creeping branches lying {pred vpon the ground ; fet with two narrow fharp pointed Jeaues at each 
ioynt, steeneaboue, and ofawhitith colour below : at the fetting on of thefe leaues grow final 
veflels parted as it were into two, with a little creft on each fide, and in thefe is contained a verie 
{mall feed. Boththefe may be found in waterie places in luly and Augutt, as betweene Clapham 
heathand Touting, and betweene Kentith towne and Hampttead. 
13. This Plant that C/efiws and others haue called Alfine repens major,and fome haue thought 
the Ciclaminus altera of Diofcorides 5 and (ucubalus of Pliny, may fitly be put in this ranke; for it fen- 
deth vp many long weake branches like the great Chickweed, fet with two le 
ger than thofe of the greateft Chickweed, yet like them in fhape and colour 
branches, out’ of pretty large cups come whitith greene floutes, which are fuc 
big as thofe of Iuniper, ar firft greene, but afterwards blacke : the feed is fall and {mooth: the 
root white, very fibrous, long and wooddy, and it endures for many yeares. It floures moft part 
of Sommer, and growes wilde in fundry places of Spaineand Germany, as alfoin Flanders and 
England, according to Pena and Lobel - yet Ihaue not feene it growing but in the garden of my 
friend M'. Pemble at Marribone. The Authors laft mentioned affirme the berries hereof to hauea 
poyfonous facuttie like as thofe of Dwale or deadly Nightfhade. + 

q The Place, 

Chickweeds, fome grow among bufhes and briers, old walls, gutters of houfes ,» and fhadowie 
places. The places where the reft grow are fet forth in their {euerall defcriptions, 

q| The Time. 

The Chickweeds are greene in Winter, they floure and feed in the Spring, 

@ The Names. 

Chickweed or Chickenweed is called in Greeke avin : in Latine it retaineth the fame name 4/. 
fine: of fome of the Antients it is called Hippia. The reft of the plants are diftinguifhed in their 
feuerall titles, with proper names which likewife {etteth forth the place of their growings, 

| The Temperature. 


Chickweed is cold and moift, and of awaterith fubftance ; and therefore it cooleth without a- 
‘ftriction or binding, as Galen faith. 


ame of Serpilli. 


aues at a ioynt, big- 
:at the tops of the 
ceeded by berries as 


«| TheVertues. 

The leaues of Chickweed boyled in water very foft,adding thereto fome hogs greafe, the pou- 
der of Fenugreeke and Linefeed, and a few roots of marth Mallowes, and ftamped tothe forme of 
cataplafme or pulteffe, taketh away the fwellings of the legs or any other part ;bringeth to fuppu- 
ration or matter hor apoftumes ; diffolueth fellings that wil not willingly yeeld to f{uppuration ; 
eafeth members that are (hrunke vp ; comforteth wounds in finewie parts ; defendeth foule ma- 


ligne and virulent vicers from inflammation during the cure : in a word, it comforteth, digefteth, 
defendeth, and fuppurateth very notably. 


A 


The Jeaues boyled in Vineger and falt are good againft mangines of the hands and legs,if they B 


be bathed therewith. 


Little birds in cadges (efpecially Linnets) are refrethed with the leffer Chickweed whenthey © 


loath their meat ; whereupon it was calledof fome Pafferina. 


Cuar.193. Of thebaftard Chickweeds. 


q The Defiription. 


I Ermander Chickweed hath {mall tender branches trailing vpon the ground , befer 
J with leaues like vnto thofe of Scordium, or VVater Germander. Among which 


come forth little blew floures : which being faded, there appeare fmall flat husks or 
pouches, wherein lieth the feed. The root is {mall and threddy ; which being once gotten intoa 


garden ground is hard tobe deftroyed, but naturally commeth vp from yeare to yeare as a noifome 
weed, 


° 


2 Clufius 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


1 Afine folijs triffaginis. 2 Alfine corniculata Clufij. 
Germander Chickweed. Horned Chickweed. 


AVR DMG E Cy ved Fos — 


4 ai } 
A! 3 Alfine Hederacea, 4, Alfine Hederula altera, 
bi i Tuy Chickweed. on Great Henne-bit, Big neh 
By NV cron oa iid — eae ) pnrermnr orrerfo Cater 
} | c = A a 
j \\ ait 


Lis 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. Sy 


2 Clufivs,a man fingular in the knowledge of plants, hath fet downe this herbe for one of the 


Chickweeds, which doth very well refemble the Storks bill, and might haue been there inferted: 
But the matter being of fmall moment [let it pafle ; for doubtleffe it participateth of both, that 
is, the head or beake of Storkes bill,and the léaties Of Chickweed, which are long and hairy, like 
thofe of Scorpion Moufe-eate. The floutes are fmall, and of an hetby colour ; after which come 
long horned cods or feed-veffels, like vnto thofe of the Storks'bill. The root is fall 
with ftrings fattened thereto. 

3 nie Chickeweed or fmall Henbit,hath thin hairy leaues fomewhat broad, with two cuts of 
gathes in the fides ,after the maner of thofe of ground Inie, whereof it tooke his name, refembling 
the backe of a Bee when fhe flicth. The ftalkes are fmall,tender, hairy, and lying flar vpOn the 
ground. The floures are flender,and ofa blew colour. The root is littleand threddyie. 

4 The great Henbic hath feeble ftalkes leaning toward the ground, whereupon doe Stow at 
certaine diftances leaues like thofe of the dead Nettell;from the bofome whereof. come forth flen. 
der blew floures tending to purple ; in fhape like thofe of the fmall dead Nertle. The raot is 
tough, fingle,and a few {trings hanging thereat. ’ 

j @. The Place. 

Thefe Chickweeds are fowne in gardens among potherbes,in darke fhaddwie places,and inthe 

fields after the corne is reaped. 


and fingle, 


@ <The Tine. 
They flourith and are greene when the other Chickweedes are. 
@ The Names, 

The firft and third is called Morfus Galline, Hens bit,: lite Hederula, and Hederacea: Lobell al{o 
calls the fourth Morfis Galinefilio Aederule alter*in high Dutch unevbifs ¢ in French, aor{elin, 
and Morgeline : inlow Duitch, Hoenderebeetzin Englith, Henbit the greater and the leffer. 

, | The Lemperative'and V erties. 

Thefe are thought al{6tabe-cotild ahd moift,and like to the other Chickweeds in verte and 

Operation, & 


Cuar.igg. Of “Pimpernel, 


2 Anagallis femina; 
Female Pimpernell. 


a 4 Anagallis Mas « 
Male Pimpernel, 


Bp ape CPA ORAS», 0 Wroaalers BORE EO ae Von cela 


\ 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. j Lis. 2. 


The Defcription. 

Impernell is like vnto Chickeweed , the flalkes are foure {quare,trailing hereand there 

vpon the ground,whereupon do grow broad leaues,and fharpe pointed, fer together by 

couples:trom the bofome whereof come forth flender tendrells, whereupon doe grow 

{mall purple floures tending to redneffe : which being paft there fucceed fine round bullets, like 

ynto the feed of Corianders,wherein is conteined finall duftie feed. Theroot confifteth of flender 
firings. fe 2 

2 The female Pimpernel! differeth not from the male in any one point,but in the colour of 
the floures ; for like as the former hath reddith floures,this plant bringeth forth floures ofa moft 
perfe& blew colour, wherein is the difference. 

+ 3 Ofthis there is another varicty fet forth by Clufius by the name of Anagallistennifolia Mo 
nelli,becaufe he receiued the figure and Hiftory thereof from John Monell of Tournay in Pr. 
it differs thus from the laft mentioned, the Ieaues are longer and narrower, fomewhat like thofe o: 
Gratiola,and they now and then grow three at a joint, and out of thebofomes of the leaues come 
commonly as many little footftalkes as there are leaues,which carry floures of a blew colour with 
the middle purplifh,and thefe are fomewhat larger than them of the formet,otherwite like. ¢ 


anc 


$.3 Anagallis tenuifolia, 4 Anagallis lutea. 
Narrow leaued Pimpernell. Yellow Pimpernel], 


SUBmcdic nono 


ii A 
4 | PS ews 
} + IPS 
yyi i D) LP = 
cf 'y Ms} 
t fj 
i 1 
} i 
\ : 
iy i 
6 
i i 
bat 4 The yellow Pimpernel! hath many weake and feeble branches trailing vpon the ground, 
‘fuhal Ah befet with leaues one againft another like the great ‘Chickweed, not vnlike to Nammularia, or 
Peete fn ii Money woort , betweene which and the ftalkes,come forth two fingle and fmall tender foote- 
ight § ; ftalkes, each bearing at their top one yellow floure andno mote, The root is {mall and threddy. 


a The Place. 

They grow in plowed fields neere path waies, in gardens and vineyardes, almoft cuery where; 
I found the female with blew floures ina chalkie corne field in the way from M*. William Swaines 
houfe of Southfleet to Long field downs, but neuer any where elfe. ¢ I alfobeing in Effex in the 
company of my kind friend M'. Nathaniel Wright found this among the corne at Wrightsbridge, 
being the feate of M*. toh Wright his brother. + The yellow Pimpernel] growes 1n the woods be- 
tweene High-gare and Hampftead, and in many other woods. 

@ The Time. 

They floure in Summer,and éfpecially in the moneth of Auguft,atwhat time the husbandmen 
hauling occafion ro go vnto their harneft worke, will firft behold the floures of Pimpernell where- 
by. they know the weather that fhall follow the next day after :as forexample, ifthe floures be 

ut clofe vp,it betokenethraine and foule weather ; contrariwife, ifthey be {pread abroad, faire 


gy The 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 619 


@ The Names. 
{ris called in Greeke svoimue. in Latine alfo Anagallis : of diuers, (as Pliny reporteth) Corchorus, 
“but vnttuly :of afarcellus an old Writer, Macia; theword is extant in Diofcorides among the ba- 
flardnames, That with the ctimfon floure, being the male, is named Phenicion, and (orallion o£ 
this is made the compofition or receit called Diacoraliion, that is vfed again the gout; which 
compofition Paulus Aigineta fetteth downe in his feuenth booke. Among ‘the baftard names it 
hath beene called Aétiti, Bgitis, and Sauritis : in Englifh, Red Pimpernell,and blew Pimpernel, 
G The Temperature. 

Both the forts of Pimpernell are ofa drying facultie without biting, and fomewhat hot, witha 
certaine drawing quality,infomuch that it doth draw forth fplinters and things fixed in the fleth, 
as Galen writeth. ; 

@ The Vertues. 

Diofcorides writes, That they are df power to mitigate paine, to cure inflammations or hot fwel- 
lings, to draw out of the body and fleth thomes, fplinters , or fhiuers of wood, and to:helpe the 
Kings Euill. 

The iuyce purgeth the head by gargarifing orwafhing the throat therewith ;it cures the tooth- 
ache being fhift vp into the nofethrils, efpecially into the contrary nofethrill. 

Ithelpeth thofe that be dim fighted : the iuyce mixed with honey cleanfes the vicers ofthe eye 
called in Latine Argema. 

Moreouer he affitmeth, That it is good againft the ftinging of Vipers, and other venomous 
beatts. 

Tt preuaileth againft the infirmities of the liuer and kidneyes, if the iuyce be drunk with wine, 
Headdeth further, how it is reported, That Pimpetnel with the blew flure helpeth vp the funda- 
ment that is fallen downe ; and that red Pimpernell applied, contrariwife bringeth it downe, 


Cuar.i95. Of Brooke-lime, or water Pimpernell. 


q The Defeription. 


I Rooke-lime or Brooklem hath fat thicke ftalkes, round,and parted into diuers bran- 
ches; the leaues be thicke,{mooth, broad, and ofa deepe greene colour. The floures 
grow vpon {mall tender foot-ftalkes, which thruft forth of the bofome of the leaues, of 

a perfe& blew colour,not vnlike to the floures of land Pimpernell : the root is white, low creeping, 
with fine ftrings faitned thereto; out of the root {pring many other ftalkes, whereby it greatly en- 
creafeth, ; 

# There is aleffer varictie of this, which our Author {et forth in the fourth place, differing 
not from this butonely in that itis lefle in all the parts thereof , wherefore I haue omitted the hi- 
florie and figure, to make roome for more conf; picuous differences. + 

2. The great water Pimpernel is like ynto the precedent, fauing that this plant hath fharper 
pointed or largcr leaues, and the floures are ofa more whitith or a paler blew colour, wherein con- 
fifteth the difference, 

¢ _ There is alfoa lefler varietie of this, whofe figure and defcription our Authoyrgane in the 
next place ; but becaufe the difference is in nothing but the magnitude I haue made bold toomie 
italfo, 

3, Now that Thaue brietely giuen youthe hiftory of the foure formerly defcribed by our Au- 
thor, I will acquaitit you with two or three more plants which may fitly be here inferted : The firft 
of thefe Lobel calls Anagallis aquatica tertia ,and therefore I haue thought fit to giue youirt in the 

‘fame place here. It hath awhite and fibrous root ; from which arifetha round fmooth ftalke a 
foot and more high, (yer I lye fometimes found it not aboue three or foure inches high :) vpoi 
the ftalkes grow Jeaues round, greene, and fhining, ftanding not by couples, but one aboue ano- 

. ther onall fides of the ftalkes. The leaues that lie on the ground are longer than the reft, and are 
in fhape fomewhat like thofe of the common Daifie; but that they are not {nipped about the ed- 
Ses : the floures are white,confifting of one leafe diuided into fiue parts ; and they grow at the firft 
as itwere in an vmbel, but afterwards more {pike fathioned .Jt floures in Juné and Tuly, and grow-* 
eth in many waterie places, as in the marithes of Dartford in Kent, alfo betweene Sandwich and 
Sandowne caftle, and in the ditches on this fide Sandwich. Bauhine faith, That Guitlandinus called 
it fometimes Alifa,and otherwhiles Cochlearia > and others would haue itto be Samelum of Pliny, 
4ib.25.cap.t1. Bashive himfelfe fitly calls it Anagallis aquatica folio rot undo non crenato. 

i Fff 2 4 I con 


———$ 


iC). 


620 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L13.2. 


1 Anagallis feu Becabunga, 
Brooke-lime. 


Nye 041n WOE f eee an 


ile he vy 3 Anagallis aquatica rotundifolia. 
H By fh Round leaued water Pimpernel, 


Pi sa 


2 Anagallis aquatica maior. 
Great long leaued Brook-lime. 


Kheounro w) 
WZ Ro see 
ae 


4 Iconiectute this figurewhich wehere giue 
you with the Authors title to be onely the leffer 
variety of that which our Author defcribes in the 
fecond place; but becaufe I haue no certaintie 
hereof (for that Lobel hath giuenvs no deferipti- 
on thereof in any of his Latine Workes, and alfo 
Bauhinus hath diftinguifhed them) Lam forced to 
giue you onely the figure thereof; not intending 
to deceiue my reader by giuing defcriptions from 
my fancie and the figure,as our Author fomtimes 
made bold todo. 

5 Thiswhich is fer forth by moft writers for 
Cepea,and which fome may obie& tobe more fit 
tobe putnext the Purflanes, I will here gine you, 
hauing forgot to doe it there; and [ thinke this 
place not vnfit, becaufe our Author in the Names 
in this Chapter takes occafion in Dadone us his 
words tomake mentign thereof. It hath a {mall 
vnprofitable root, fegding vp a ftalke fome foot 
high, diuided into many weake branches , which 
are here and there fet with thicke Ieaues like thofe 
of Purflane, but much leffe, and narrower, and 
fharper pointed : the floures which grow in good 


"plenty vponthe tops of the branches are compo- 


fed of fiue fmall white leaves ; whereto fucceeds 
fmal] heads, wherein is contained a feed like that 
of Orpine. This by Matthiolus and others is called 
Cepea: but Clufins doubts that itis not rhe true 
Cepea of the Antients. + q The 


(ane 


f the Hiftorie of Plants, Te is 


Lis. 2. 


+ 4 Anagallis aquatica quarta, Lob, £5 Cep wy 


+  Lobels fourth water Pimpernel, Garden Brook-lime 


@ The Place. 
They grow by riuers fides, fmall running brookes, and waterie ditches. The yellow Pimper- 
nell I found growing in Hampfted wood neere London, and in many other woods and copfes 
@ The Time. WE hae 
They bring forth their floures and {eed in Tune, Tuly, and Augutt. 


~ @ The Names. {iy ; 
Water Pimpernel is called Amacallis aquatica: of molt, Becabunga, which is borrowed of the a , 
Germane word 2achpunghets in low-Dutch , Beeckpurghens in French , Berle; whereupon 
fome do call it Berula : notwithftanding Marcellzs reporteth, That Berwla is that which the Greci- | 
ans call wepuim, or rather Crefles sit is thought to be Cepea; that is to fay,ofthe garden ; which Di- 
ofcorides writeth tobe like vato Purflane, whereunto this Brook-lime dothvery well agree. But if fi : 
it be therefore faid tobe em, becaufe it groweth either onely or for the niott part in gardens, this 


Pimpernel or Brook-lime thall not be like vnto it, which gro eth no where leffe than in gardens, ea in ° 

being altogether of his owne nature wilde, defiring to grow in waterie places, and fuch as be con- i P 

tinwal querflowne : in Englifh the firft is called Brooklime,and the reft dy no particular names ; \, ' 

but w@nta¥ cal! them water Pimpernels, or Brook-limes. We 

= q, The Temperature. hi ik 
Brogk-lime isoftemperature hot and dry likeavater Creffes,yet not fo much. nit 


d q The Vertues. Hee 
‘ Brooke-lime is eaten in fallads as Water-Crefles are; and is good againft that ly ! 
fuch as dwell neere the Germane feas, which they call Seuecbupekes or as we termet 
uie, or Skitby, being vied after the fame manner that Water Crefles and Scuruy grafles 
is it not of fo great operation and vertue. ? } 
The herbe boyled maketh a good fomentation for {wollen legs and the dropfie. be male 
The leaues boyled, trained, and ftamped tn a ftone morter with the pouder of F “k ba 
feeds, the roots ofmarith Mallowes,and fome hogs greafe,vnto the forme of a cata ul 
tefle, taketh away any fwelling in leg Orarmec ; wounds alfothat are ady to fall into apoituim ALI< 
onit michtily defendeth, that no humor oraccident hall happen thereunto. 
rir 3 4 lc 


622 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lis.2. 


D__ The leaues of Brooke-lime flamped, ftrained, and given to drinke inwine, helpeth the ftrangu- 
rie, and griefes of the bladder. 

E The leaues of Brook-lime, and the tendrels of Afparagus, eaten with oyle, vineger, and Pepper, 
helpeth the ftrangurie and ftone. 


Cuar.i96. Of ftinking Ground-Pine. 
| The Kindes, 


¢ (peated hath antiently mentioned two forts of Amthyllis: onewith leaves like tothe Len. 

till,8¢ the other like to Chamepitys. To the firit,fome latewriters haue referred diuers plants, 
as the two firft defcribed in this Chapter, The Anthyllis Leguminofa Bele arum hereafter to be deferi- 
bed the Amthyllis Valentina Clufy formerly fet forth Chap.171.To the fecond are refer ed the Ina 
Mofchata Mon/peltaca,dcferibed in the fourth place of the 1 50.Chap.of this booke,the Linariaadyl- 
terina de{cribed formerly chap. 165.inthe 14.place, and that which is bere deferibed inthe third 
place of thischapter, by the name of AathyHés altera Italorum. t 


G The Defiription. 


I Here hath beene much adoe among Writers about the certaine knowledge of the true 
Ant hyllis of Diofcorides : will therefore fet downe that plant which of all others 1s 
found moft agreeable thereunto, It hath many {mall branches full ioynts, not aboue 

anhandfull high, creeping fundry wayes, befet with {mall thicke leaues of a pale colour, refem- 
bling Lenricula, or rather l(ine minor, the leffer Chickweed. The floures grow at thetop of the 
ftalke, ftarre-fafhion, ofan herby colour like boxe, or Sedum minus : it foftereth his {mall feeds in 
a three cornered huske. The root 1s fomewhat long, flender, ioynted, and deepely thruft intothe 
ground like Soldanella - all the whole plant is faltith, bitter in tafte,and fomewhat heating. 


£ 1 Anthylis lentifolia,fine Alfine + 2 Amthyllis Marina incana Alfine- 
cruciata marina. ; folia. 
Sea Pimpernell. ¢ Many floured Groynd-Pine. 5 
pt A ee | vol vig (x oly campon S minor Luray) 
LAP ALO OH | . % Pays 


$ This defcription was taken out of the Aduerfaria, pag. 195. where it is called Aathyllis prior 
lentifolia Peplios effigie maritima : alfo Clufius hath deferibed it by the name of Alfines genus pelags- 
cum : Vhaue called it in my laft iournall by the name of Alfie cruciata marina, becaufe the leaues 
which grow thicke together by couples croffe each other, as it happens in moft plants which haue 
{quare ftalkes with two leaues at each ioynt. I haue Englithed it Sea Pimpernell, becaufe the 
leaues in fhape areas like thofe of Pimpernel as of any other Plant ;and alfo for thatour Author 
hath called another plant by the name of Sea Chickeweed. The figure of the 4duerfariawas not 
good, and Clnfizs hath none ;which hath caufed fome to reckon this Anthyltis of Lobeland Alfineof 
Clufius for two feuerall plants, which indeed are not fo. Ihaue giuen youa figure hereof which I 
tooke from the growing plant, and which well exprefleth the growing thereof, + 


> Thete 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


2. Thereislikewife another fort of 4z- 
3 Anthyllisaltera Italorun.. thyllisor Sea Ground Pine, but in truth no- 
Stinking ground Pine. thing els thana kinde of Sea Chickeweed, 
hauing {mall branches trailing vpon the 
ground of twohands high ; whereupon do 
grow little leaues like thofe of Chickweed, 
not vnlike thofe of Leaticulamarina,or Sea 
Lentils ; on the top of the ftalks ftand mi. 
ny {mall moffie floures of a white colour, 
The whole plant is of a bitter and faltith 
tafte. + Thisis the Marina incana Anthyllis 
Alfine folia Narboneafiune of Lobel - it is the 
Paronychia altera of Matthiolus. + 

¢ 3  Tothis figure (which formerly 
was giuen for the firftof thefe by our Au- 
thour) I will now giue youa briefe deferip- 
tion. This in the branches, leaues,and whole 
face thereofis very like the French Herbe- 
Iuie, or Ground Pine, but that itis much 
leffe in all the parts thereof,but chiefely in 
the leaues. which alfo are nor {nipt like 
thofe ofthe French Ground Pine,but fharp 
pointed : the tops of the branches are dow- 
nie orwoolly, and fet with little pale yel- 
low floures. £ 

q The Place. 

Thefe do grow in the South Ifles belon- 
ging to England, efpecially in Portland in 
the grauelly and {andy foords,which lie low 

1 x and againft the fea ;and likewife in the ifle 
4 of Shepey neere the water fide. + I haue 
oe iis onely found the firft deferibed, and that 
both in Shepey,as alfo in Weit-gate bay by Margate in the Ifle of Thanet.¢ 
| The Time, 
They floure and flourith in Iune and July. 
TheNames.” ¢ 
Their titles and defcriptions fufficiently fet forth their feuerall names. 
q The Temperature. 
Thefe fea herbes are ofa temperate facultic betweene hot and cold. 

J _ The Vertues. 

Halfean ounce of the dtied leaues drunke, preuaileth greatly againft the hot piffe,the ftrangu- 
tie,or difficultie of making water,and pnrgcth the reines. 

The fame taken with Oxymell or honied water is good for the falling fickneffe, giuen firft at 
morning,and laf at night. : 


& 


%  Therewas formerly three decriptions, vet bur one fizuce in this chaptersand that was marked with the figure x. and called Anthyis lentifokia, but vafitely: 
wherefore T have g‘uen youthe title which Lebel the firlt Auth vx chereof puts vponit,with a defeciption theremythat (t'm.y noc ltuld asa cipttersas ir formerly did » 
svefore I haue onvitted it here, 


That defeription which formerty held che fecond place was ofthe Anthylis Valentina of (lufirs,deferibed formerly chap. 7 t-and 


Cuar.ig97. Of Whiteblow,or W hitelow Graffe. 
q The Kinds. 
I He firft isa very flender plant hauing a fewe fmall leaues like the leaft Chickeweede, 


growing in little tufts,from the midft whereof rifeth vp a {mall ftalke,three or foure in- 
- ches long ; onwhofe top do grow very little white floures ;which being paft, there come in place 
fmall flat pouches compofed of three filmes,which being ripe,the two outfides fall away leaning 
the middle part ftanding long time after which is like white Sattin,as is that of Bolbonac,which our 
women callwhite Sattin,but much fmaller : the tafte is fomewhat fharpe. 
2 This kinde of Paronychia, hath fmall thicke and fat leaves,cut into three or more diuifions, 
much refem!s ling the leaues of Rue, but a great deale fmaller. The ftalks are like the former, & t! 


3 


A 
B 


624. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lape. 
leaues alfo ; butthe cafes wherein the feede is contained, are likeynto the {eed vcffels of Myofitis 
Scorpioides,or Moufeare Scorpion graffe. The floures are fmall and'white. 

There is another fort of W hitlow graffe or Nailewoort, that is likewifea low or bafe herbe,ha- 
uing a {mall tough roote, with fome threddie ftrings annexed thereto: from which rife vpdiuers 
flendertough ftalkes,fet with little narrow leaues confufedly likethofeof the fimalleft C hickweed 
whercof doubtleffe thefe be kindes-alongft the ftalks do grow very little white floures,afterwhich 
come the feeds in {mall buttons,of the bigneffe of a pins head. + Our Author fecmes here to de- 
{cribe the Paronychia 2 of Tabern, + 


1 Paronychia vulgaris. 2 Paronychia Rutaceo folio, 
Common Whitlow graffe. Rew leafed or iagged Whitlow grafle. 
G Hy ¢ wt, PR er \ one i no tn: doc ly CS 


q The Place. 


Thefe fmall,bafe and low herbs grow 
vpon bricke and ftone wals, vpon old ti- 
led houfes ; which are growne to haue 
much moffe vpon them, and vpon fome 
thadowie,and dry muddy wals. Itgrow- 
f eth plentifully vpon the bricke wall in 


Chancerie Lane, belonging to the Earle 
of Southampton, in the Suburbs of London,and fandry other places. 


q The Time, 


Thefe floure many times in January and February,and when hot weather approcheth, they are 
no more tobe feen all the yeare after. 


-  @ The Names, 

The Grecians haue called thefe plants wove, which Cicero calleth Redvvia: Therebe many 
kindes of plants,called by the faid name of Paronychiawhich hath caufed many writers to doubt of 
the true kinde : butyou may very boldly take thefe plants for the fameyntill time hath reuealed 
or raifed vp fome new plant,approching neerer vnto the truth: which I thinkewill neuer be,fothat 
we may call them in Englifh,Naile-woort,and Whitelow graffe. 


@] The Tmperatures andyertues, 
As touching the qualitie hereof, we haue nothing to fet downe : onely it hath beene taken to 
heale the difeafe of the nailes called a Whitlow,whereofit took his name: 


t Our Authouphere igaue ys two figures, and as many defcriptions of both thefe plantsswherefore I hane omitted 2,0f the figures,and the more ynperfet Dee 
Criptions: 


Cuar. 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


Cuar.198. Ofthe female Fluellen,or Speedwell. 


q The Defeription. 


i. He fitft kinde of Elatine, beeing of Fuchfiasand Matthioluscalled ¥ eronica ifeeminaor 
the female Fluellen,fhooteth from a finall and fibrous root many flexible and tender 
branches,difperfed flat vpon the ground,ramping & creeping with leaves like Num- 

mularia,but that the leaues of Elatine are of an hoarie,hairie,and ouerworne greene colour ; among 
which come forth many fmall floures,of a yellow colour mixed with a little purple,like vnto the 
fmall Snapdragon, hauing a certaine taileor Spur faftened vnto euery fuch floure , like the herbe 
called Larkes {ptrre. The lowet iaw or chap of the floure is of a purple colour,and the vpper iawe 
of a faire yellowe, which beeing patt, there fueceedésa {mall blacke feede contained inround 
husks. : : 

2 The fecondkinde of Elatine hath ftalkes, branches, floures,and roots, like the firft: but the 
Jeaues are fafhioned like the former, but that they haue two little ears at the lower end, fomewhat 
refembling an arrow head, broad at the fetting on: butt the {pur or taile of the floure is longer,and 
more purple mixed with the yellow in the floure. 


2 Elatine altera, 
Sharpe pointed Fluellen, 


1 Keronicafemina Fuch{i,five Elatine, 
The Female Fluellen. : 


Um bia A DAW vf eT AC 


LAd, Unrr DAMA AA 


GQ The Place. 

Both thefe plants I haute found in fundry places where corne hath pS Bae barley, as 
in the fields about Southfleet in Kent,where within fix miles compafle there is not a field wherein 
itdoth not grow. : 

Alfo it groweth ina field next vnto the houfe fométime belonging to that honourable gentle- 
man Sir Frances Walfingham,at Barn-elmes,and in fundry places of Effex;and in the next field vnto 
the Churchyard at Chifivicke neere London,towards the midft of the field, 

g The Times 
They floure in Auguitand September. 


@ The 


2 Cnt 


626 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


The Names. 
Their feuerall titles fet forth their names as well in Latine as Englifh, 
| The Nature andVcrtues, 

A Thefe plants ate not onely of a fingular aftringent facultie, and thereby helpe them that bee 
grieved with the Dy fenterie and hor {welling;but of fuch fingular efficacy to heale {preading and 
eating cankers,and corofiue vicers,that their vertue in a manner paffeth all credit in thefe fretting 
fores,vpon fure proofedone vnto fundry perfons, and efpecially vpon aman whom Pena reporteth 
co haue his nofe eaten moft grieuoufly witha canker or cating fore,who fent for the Phy fitions 8 
Chirurgions that were famoufly knownte to be the beft,and they with one confent concluded to 
cut the faid nofe off, to preferue the reft of his face: among thefe Surgeons and Phyfitions came 
a poore foric Barbar, who had no more skill than he had learned by tradition, and yet yndertooke 
to cure the patient. This forefaid Barbar ftanding in the companie and hearing their determinati- 
on, defired that he might make triall of an herbe which he had feene his matter vfe for the fame 
purpofe, which herbe E/atine, though he were ignorant of the name whereby it was called,yet hee 
knew where to fetch it. To be fhort,this herbe he ftamped,and gaue the ivice of it ynto the patient 

nke,and outwardly applied the fame plaifterwifeand in very fhort {paee perfetly cured the 
man,and ftaied the reft of his body from further corruption,which was ready to fall intoa leprofie, 
Aduer [ar pag.197, 

B  Elatine helpeth the inflammation of the ciesjand defendeth humours flowing vnto them, beeing 
boiled,and as a pultus applied thereto. 

C The leaues fodden in the broth of a henjor Veale, ftaieth the dyfenterie, 

rhe new wrirers affirme,that the female Fluellen openeth the obftru@tions or {toppings of the 
rand fpleen,prouoketh vrine,driueth forth ftones,and clenfeth the kidneies and bladder,accor- 
ig to Paulus. 


Theweight of a dram or ofa French crowne,of the pouder ofthe herbe,with the like waight of 
treacle,is commended againft peftilent Feuers. 


tod 


Cuar. 192: Of Fluellen the male, or Paul's Betonie. 


1 Veronica vera & maior. 
Hy H Fluellen,or Speedwell, 
wi 


} 2 Veronicarecta mas. 


The male Speedwell. 


* . 

1 s j s 

: ee mica 3 ‘ rae ah cn Qs pe 
| ibe 


Ul 
4 . 
f ) | grat Sea SINGG I is 
iN i 
i ¥ < h IGE aA \ie 
f : » ro 
‘4 Min POV S 
i NYT Dp. Nn VERS 
He H y AY \ Dy je 
BY ON WS aed 
| Des 
MI F  ) lips 
‘ Hi 
re Ei 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. wis by 


q The Defcription. 


I Ti firft kinde of Veronica is a {mall herbe,and ereepeth by the ground,with little ted- 

dith and hairy branches. The leafe is fomething round and hairy,indented or fhipped 

round about the edges. The floures are ofa light blew colour,declining to purple ; the feed is con: 
tained in little flat pouches : the root is fibrous and hairy, 

t 2 The fecond doth alfocreepe vpon the ground, hatiing long flendet ftemmes, fome foot 
high,and fomewhat large leaues a little hairy,and pleafantly foft. The floures be blew like as thofe 
of the former, but fomewhat bigger,and of abrighter colour;and they are alfo fucceeded by round 
feed veffels. > 

3_ The third kinde of veronica ereepeth with branches and leaueé like vnto Serpillum:for which 

caufe it hath beene called Veronica Serpillifolia, The floures grow along the fimall and tender bran- 
ches,ofa whitith colour declining to blewnefle. The root is {mall and threddie, taking hold vpon 
the vppet face of the earth,where it {preadeth, The feed is contained in {mall pouches like the for- 
mer, 
4 The fourth hatha root fomewhat wooddie, from the which rife vp leaues like vnto the for- 
mer. The finall vpright ftalke is befer with the like leaues,but leffer 5 at the top whereofcommerh 
forth a {lender {pike clofely thruft together,and full of blewith floures,which are {ucceeded by ma- 
ny horned feed veffels. 

+ 5 This hath many wooddie round fmooth branches, fome handfull and halfehich ot 
better : the leaues are like thofe of wilde Tyme, but longer, and of a blacker colour, fometimes 
lightly fnipt: at the tops of the branches grow floures of a whitith blew colour,confifting of foure, 
fiue,orelfe fix e little leaues a piece ; which falling there follow round feede veflels, containing a 
round final! and blacke feed. It floures in Augutt,and growes vponcold and high mountaines.as 
the Alpes. Ponacalls this Veronica Alpina minima Serpillifolio : and Clufivs hath it by the name of 
Veronica 3 .fruticans ; 


3 Veronicaminor. 4 Veronica recta minima, 
Little Flucllen, The fimalleft Fluellen. 


ies : : 
Veron Arcator _ 


£ 5 Veronica 


Lis. 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


ilifelia. 


fue Spicatae 


> 


6 Veronica alfurgens 
Tree Fluellen. 


Shrubbie Fluellen. 


£ 5 Veronica fruticans Serp 
Be: : 
Ueromne ov 


ee a 


a. 


£ 8 Veronica fupina. 
Leaning Fluellen. 


lies Veronica fpicata latifolia, 
Vpright Fluellen. 


Lia; 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: 


6 The fixt kinde of Veronica hath many vpright branches a foote hi 

dividing themfelues into fundry other {mall twigs ; at the top whereof 
bearing bright and fhining blew floures. The leaues are fomewhat long 

like a faw : theroot is compact ofmany threds, or ftrings, 

¢ 7. Thishath ftalkes fome cubithigh and fometimes more,and thefe not very filll ofbrans 
ches, yet hauing diuers joints, at each whereof do grow forth two leaucs, two or three inches 
long,and one broad,and thefe leaues are alfo thicke,{mooth,and fhining, lightly {nipt or cutabout 
the edges,and of avery aftringent and drying tafte,and at laft fomewhat biting. Atthe top of the 
ftalkes grow {pokie tufts or blew floures like thofe of the laft mentioned, but of fomewhata ligh- 
ter colour, and they begin firft to floure or thew themfelues below,and fo go vpwards ; the feed, 
which is {mall and blacke, is conteyned in flat feed veffels : the roote is thicke wirh many fibres, 
euery yeere thrufting vp new fhoots. There is a variety of this with the leaues not fo blacke and 
fhinthg, but having more branches; and another which hath a longer {pike or tuft of floures. 
Clufivs calls this Veronica erectior latifolia. + 

8 The eighth hauing his ftalkes leaning vpon the ground looketh with his face vpright, ha- 
uing fundry Aexible branches, fet with leaues like vato wilde Germander by couples, one right 
againit another, deeply jagged about the edges, in refpeé of the other before mentioned. The 
floures are ofa blew colour : the root is long,with fome threds appefidant thereto, 

G The Place. 

Veronica groweth vpon bankes, borders of fields, and grafsie mole-hils, in fandy grounds, and in 
woods, almoft cuery where. 

The fourth kinde, my good friend M‘.Stephen Bredwell,pra&titioner in phyficke found and thew- 
ed it mein the clofe next adjoining to the houfe of M‘. Bele, chiefeof the clerkes of her Maicfties 


Counfell, dwelling at Barnes necre London, The fixth is a ftranger in England, but I have ir 
growing in my garden, 


629 
gh and fometimes more. 
do grow faire {pikie tufts, 
pindented about the edges 


© The Time. 
@ The Names, 
t_ Thefe plants are comprehended vnder this general! name 7c 
the firft of them to be the Betonica of Paulus Aigineta , and Turner 
them in Englith, Pauls Betony, or Speedwell: in Welch it isc. 
people do attribute great vertues to the fame: in high Dutch, 
&u Petts, that is to fay, Honor and praife. 
@| The Nature. 
Thefe are ofa meane tempetature,betweene heate and drineffe. 
The Vertues, 
The decoétion of Veronica drunke, fodereth and healet 
bloud from all corruption, and is good to be drunke for the kidnies, and againft fcuruineffe and 
foule {predding tetters, and contuming and fretting fores, the {mall pox and meafels, 


Thewater of Veronica diftilled with wine,and re-diftilled fo oftenvntill the liquor wax of a red- 
dith colour, preuaileth againft the old cough, the drineffe of the lungs, and all vicers and inflam. 
mation of the fame. 


T  Thefecond and third were both figures of that defcribed in the third pl 


plant, towit that which is hese defcribed in the fixth place and which was fo: 


Thefe floure from May to September 


ronica,and Dodonens would haue 
and Ge/ner the third : we ddcall 
alled Fluellen, and the Welch 
Growondhetil sin low Dutch, E¢ 


hall frethand old wounds, clenfeth the 


ace: andthofe thar wer 


¢ formetly in the fifth and fixch places werealfo of thefame 
rmerly inthe fifth. 


Cu ar.i98. Of herbe Tivo pence. 


{| The Defeription, 


bi Erbe Two pence hath a'fmall and tender root, fpreding and difperfing it felfe farre 

within the ground ; from which rife vp many little, tender, flexible ftalkes trailing 

"”-vpon the ground, fet by couples at certaine {paces, with {mooth greene leaues fome. 

what round, whereofit tooke his name: from the bofome of which leaues fhoote forth finall ten- 
der foot-ftalkes,whereondo grow little yellow floures, like thofe of Cinkefoile or Tormentill. 

2 Thereis akinde of Money woort or herbe Two pence, like the other of his kinde in each re- 

fpea, fauing it is altogether leffer, wherein they differ. j 

+ 3  Thereis another kinde of Money-woort which hath man 

ches which here and there put forth fibres,and take roota 

Randing by couples one againft anoth 


y very flender creeping bran- 
gaine : the leaues are {mall and round, 
er; and out of the bofomes come flender foote-ftalkes 

Ggg bearing 


630 Of the Hiftorie- ef Plants Lis. 2. 


bearing prety littlewhitifh purple floures confifting of fiue little leaues ftanding together inman- 
nernof a little bell-floure, and feldome otherwife : the feed is {mall,and conteined in round heads. 
This growes in many wet rotten grounds and vpon bogges:I firft found it Avvo 1626,in the Bitho- 
pricke of Durham,and in two or three places of Yorkfhire, and not thinking any had taken notice 
thereo§I drew a figure of it & called it Nammularia pufillaflore ex albo purpurafcentesbut fince 1 haue 
found that Bawhine had formerly fer it forth in his Prodremus bythe name of Nummularia flore 
purpurafcente. Ic growesalfoon the bogges vpon the heath, neare Burnt wood in Effex:it foures 
inluly and Augult. £ 


1 Nummularia. £ 3 Nummularia flore purpyrafcente, 
Herbe Two pence. Purple floured Money-woort, 


tienes Huwrmuntame? Oma ales terielea. 


| 


@ ThePlace. 

It groweth neere vnto ditches and ftreames,and other watery places,and is fometimes found 
in moift woods : I found it vpon the banke of the riuer of Thames, right againft the Queenes pal. 
lace of White hall ; and almoft ineuery countrey where I haue trauelled. 

q The Time. 

It floureth from May till Summer be well {pent. 

q The Names, 

Herbe Two penceis called in Latine Nummularia, and Centummorbia : and of diuers Serpentaria. 

It is reported that if ferpents be hurt or wounded,they do heale themfelues with this herbe,where- 

‘upon came the name Serpentaria: it is thought tobe called Cestummorbiaof the wonderfull effe& 
which it hath in curing difeafes ; and it is called Nuemmularia of the forme of money, whereunto 
the leauesare like: in Dutch, Benninckerupt sin Englifh, Money woort, Herbe Two pence, and 
Two penny grafle. 
q The Temperature. 
Tharthis herbe is dry, the binding taste thereof doth fhew : itis alfo moderate colde. 


q The Vertues. 
A The floures and leaues ftamped and laid vpon wounds and vicers. doth cure them: butit wor- 


keth mof effectually being ftamped and boiled in oile oliue,with fome rofen,wax,and turpentine 
added thereto. 


The 


Liraves, Ot the Hiftorie of Plants, 631 


The inice drunke inwine, is good for the bloudie flix, and all other iffues inbloud of manor B 
woman ; the weakeneffe and loofeneffe of the belly and laske; it helpcth thofe that vomite bloud, 
and the Whites in fuchashaue them. : 

Boiled with wine and honie it cureth the wounds of the inward parts,and vicers ofthe lungs,& € 
ina word,there is not a better wound herbe,no not Tabaco it felfe,nor any other wharfocuer, 

The herbe boiled inwinewith a little honie, or meade, preuaileth much againft the cough in p 
children,called the Chine cough. 


Car. 200, Of Bugleor Middle Comfrey. 


q The Defcription. 


I veula {preadeth and creepeth alongft the ground like Monie woort; the leauesbe long, 

fat, & oleous,and of a brown colour for the moft part. The floures grow about the ftalks 

-intund{es,compaffing the ftalke,leauing betweene éuery rund |e bare or naked fpaces, 

and are of a faire blew colout, and often white. I found many plants of it ina moift ground vpon 

Blackc Heath neere London, fatt by a village called Charleton, but the leaues were green,and nor 
browne at ail like the other, 


1 Bugula. 2 Bugula florealbo, fine carneo. 
Middle-Confound. White or catnation floured Bugle, 


ua OW ‘ep foyrr és 


2 Bugle with the white floure differeth not from the ptecedent,in roots, leayes,and ftalks:the 
onely difference is,that this plant bringeth forth faire milk white floures,and the other thofe thar 
are blew. + Itisalfo found witha fleth coloured floure , ana the lea les are leffe fhipt than thofe 
ofthe former. Bauhise makes mention ofone mitch leffe than tho’e,with round fhipt leaues and a 
yellow floure,which he faith he had out of England, but I hauec nocas yet {eene it , nor found any 
Other mention thereof. + 

@ The Place, 

Bugztla sroweth almo* in every woo {and copfe, and firch like Thido vie and molft places, and 
ismuch planted in gardens: the other varieties a‘¢ feldome tobe met withall. 

; Ggg.2 q) The 


Of the Hittorie of Planes. 


@ The Time. 


Lape. 


Bugula floureth in Aptill and May. 

q TheNames, 

Bugle is reckoned among the Confounds or wounckherbes: and it is called of fo 
media,Bugula,and Byglum : in- High Dutch, 6untzels in Low Dutch Spenegrocn sof 17 
Herba Laurentina: in Englith,Browne Bugle :of fome,Sicklewoort, and herbe C 
truly. 


arpentcr, Out not 


q The Nature. 
Bugle is of ameane temperature,betweene heat and drineffe, 
q The Vertues. 

A Itis commended againft inward burftings,and members torne,rent,and bruiféd: and therefore 
it is put into potions that ferue for nodes,in whiclvit is of fuch vertue,that itcan diffolue & wafte 
away congealed and elotted bloud.Rwellivs writeth that they commonly fay in France,how he nee. 
deth neither Phyfition nor, Surgeon that hath Bugle and Sanickle;for itdoth not only cure rotten 
wounds being inwardly taken,butalfo.applied tothemoutwardly ; itis goud for the infirmutics 
of the Liuer;ittaketh away the ob{tructions, and ftrengthneth it. 

B Thedecoéion of Bugle drunken,diflolueth clotted or congealed bloud within the bodie, hea- 
Jeth and maketh found all wounds of the bedie,both inward and outward. j 

C. The fame openeth the ftoppings of the Liuer and gall,and is good againft the iaundifeand fe- 
uers of long continuance. 

P—  Thefame decoétion cureth the rotten vicers and fores ofthe mouthand gums. 

E . Buguleis excellent in curing wounds and feratches, and the iuice cureth the wounds, vicers and 
fores of the fecret parts,or the herbe bruifed and laid thereon. 


a — ~ 


Cuar.201 Of Selfe-heale. 


x Prunella. 2 Prunella Lobelg. 
Selfe-heale. The fecond Selfe-heale. 


Lis. 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants, 633 


3. Prunella flore albo.« 
White floured Selfe-heale, [The Defiription, 

I Runell or Brunel hath fquare haj- 
ty ftalks ofa foot hi gh,befer with 
long, hairy and ftharpe pointed 

Teaues, &/at the top of the ftalks grow foures 

’ thicke fet together, likean eare or {piky knap, 
ofabrowne colour mixed with blew Houtes, 
and.fometimes white,of which kinde I found 
fome plants in Effex necre Heoningham ca- 
ftle. The root is {mall and yery threddie, 

t,.2\ Prunellaaltera, or after Lobel and Penas 
Symphytum petraum, hath leaues like the lat 
defcribed, but foniewhat narrower, ‘and the 
leanes that grow commonly towards the tops 
ofthe ftalks, are deeply divided or eutt 1M, af- 
ter the mannerof the Jeaues‘of the {niall Va- 
lerian, and fometimes the lower leaues aréal- 
fo diuided,but that is mose feldom: the heads 
and fioures are like thofe of the former,and 
the colour of the floures is commonly purple 
yet fomtimes it is found with eth coloured, 
and otherwhiles with white or afhe coloured 
floures: 

3 Thethisd fortof Selfe-heale is like vh- 
to the laft defcribed in root, ftalke, 8 leaues, 
& in euery other point,{auing that the floures 
hereof are ofa perfe& white colour, and the 
others not fo,which maketh the di ference, 

\ ¢ The figure which our Authour gaue in 

this third place,ivds ofthe Prunella fecunda of 

Tabern, which | indge to be allone with the Prunella y.non vulgaris of Clufius and that becaufe the 

floures in that of Tzhernamontanus are exprefled Ventre laxiore, which Clufias complaines his dray- 

er did not obferue; the other patts alfo agree: Now this of Clufus hath) 


much larger floures than 
the ordinary,and thofe commonly ofa deeper purple colour,yet they are fometimes whitifh,and o- 
therwhiles ofan athe colour : the leaues alfo are fomewhat more hairie, long and fharpe pointed, 
than the ordinary,and herein con{ifts the greateft difference, + 
: a g The Place. 

The firftt kinde of Prusellor Brunell gtoweth verie commonly in all our fleldes throughout 
England. \ 

The fecond Brunel or Symphytum petraum svowcth naturally vpon rocks, ftonie mountaines; and, 
grauelly grounds, , 

+ Thethird forany thing that I know isa ftranger with vs:but the fir common kinde Thane 
found with white floutes, as 


©The Time, 
Thefe plants floure forthe mot part allSommer long.» 
ts gq The Names. ' 

Brunel is called in oglith Prunell, Carpenters herbe,Selfe-heale, and Hooke-healejand Sic- 

klewoort.: Itis called of thelater Herbarifts Brimzla-and Prunella, of Matthiolus, Confolida minor, 
* and Solidago minor , but faith Ruellizs, the Daifie is the right Confolideminor, and alfo'the Solida 
cominor. 
@ The Nature. ; 

Thefeherbes are of the temperature of Bugula,that is to fay, moderately horand driejand-fome- ' 

thing binding, 
G The Vertues. 

The deco&ion of Prunel! made with wine orwater, doth icine together-and make whole and A 
found all wounds,both inward and outward,cuen as Bugledoth. 

Prunell bruifed with oile of Rofes and Vineger, and laied to the forepart of the head, fivageth B 
and helpeth the paine’and aking thereof, : 

To bee thort,it ferueth for the fame that Bugle doth, and in the world there are nor two better CG 
wound hetbs,as hath been often proued, 


I 
| 
i 
i 


: ita 
Ggg 3 


O54) 


Thegreat Daifie. ~~ 
herypor Bemrige, His bebe [hanviomn 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Liz. 2. 


Itis commended againft the infirmities ofthe mouth, and efpecially rhe ruggednefle) blacke- 
neffe, and drinefle of the tongue,with a kinde of fwelling in the fame. Itis an infirmitie amongft 
fouldiers that lie in campe, The Germans call it De Bgaun,which happeneth not without acon- 
tinuall ague and frenfie. The remedie hereofis the decoction of Selfe-heale,with common water, 
after bloud letting out of the veins of the tongue:and the mouth and tongue mutt be often wathed 
with the fame deco&tion,and fometimes a little vineger mixed therewith. This difeafe is thought 
tobe vnknowneto theold writers: but notwithftanding ifit be conferred with that which Paylus 
Acgineta calleth Ery/ipelas Cerebrian inflammation of the braine,then will it not be thought to bee 
much differing, if it be not the very fame. 3 


Cuar.202, Ofthe great Daifie,or eALaudelen woort. 


1 Bellis maior. 
a The Defiription. 
a t Ts great Daifie hath very many broad 
M Wy leaues {pred vpon the ground, fome- 
; what indented about the edges, of the breadth of 
a finger,not vnlike thofe of ground fivell : among 
which rife vp ftalkes of the height of a cubit,fec 
with the like leaues,but leffer,in the top whereof 
do grow large white floures with yellow thrums 
in the middle like thofe of the fingle field Daify 
or Maywecd,withoutany fmell at all. The root is 
full of ftrings. 


@ The Place, 
It groweth in Medowes and in the borders of 
fields almoft cuery where. 
q The Time, 
It floureth and flourifheth in May and Iune, 
y The Names. 

Itis called (aswe haue faid) Bellis maror, and 
alfo Confilida media vylnerariorum, to makea dif- 
rence betweene it and Bugula, which is the true 
Confolida media: notwithftanding this is holden 
ofall to bee Confolida medy generis, Orakinde of 
middle Confound : in High Dutch, as Fuchfins 
reporteth, Genfsblume sin Englith, the Great 
Daifie and Maudelen woort. 


@| The Temperature, ; 


S This great Daifie is moift in the end of the fe- 
cond degree,and cold in the beginning of the fame. 
q The Vertues. 

The leaues of the great Maudleine woort are good againft all burning vlcers and apoftemes,a- 
gainft the inflammation and running of the cies,being applied thereto. 

The fame madevp in an vnguent or falue with wax,oile,and turpentine, is moft excellent for 
wounds,efpecially thofe wherein is any inflammation,and will not come to digeftion or matura- 
tion,as are thofe weeping wounds made in the knees,elbowes,and other ioints. 

The iuice,decoation, ordiftilled water,is drunk tovery good purpofe againft the rupture or any 
inward burftings. 

Theherbe is good to be put into Vulnerarie drinks or potions,as one fimple belonging thereto 
moftneceflaric,to the which effeat,the beft practifed do vie it-as a fimple in fach cafes of great ef- 
fect. 

It likewife affvageth the cruell torments of the gout, vfed with a few Mallowsand butter boi- 
led and made to the forme ofa pultis. 

The fame receipt aforefaid vied in Clyfters,profiterh much againft the vehement heat in agues, 
and ceafeth the torments or wringing of the guts or bowels. 


“a 


Cuars 


Lips 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants; 


635 
Cuar. 203. Of little Daifes. 
a The Defcription, 


t He Daifie bringeth forth many leaues froma threddy root, fmooth, fat, long,and foni- 
what round withall, very fleightly indented about the edges, for the moft part lying 
vpon the ground : among which rife vp the floures, euery one with his owne flender 

ftem, almoft like thofe of Camomill, but lefler, ofa perfe& white colour, and very double. 
2 The double red Daiffe is like vnto the precedent in euery refpect, fauing in the colour of 
the floures : for this plant bringeth forth floures of ated colour, and the othet white as aforefaid. 

# Thefe double Daifies are of two forts, thatis either {maller or larger , and thefe againe ei- 
ther white or red, or of both mixed together : wherefore I haue giuen you in the firt place the fi- 
gure of the fimall, and in the fecond that of the larger. 

3 Furthermore,there is another pretty double daifie which differs from the firft defcribed on- 

ly inthe floure, which at the fides thereof puts forth many foot-ftalkes carrying alfo little double 
floures, being commonly ofa red colour ; { that each ftalke carries as itwere an old one and tl 
brood thereof: whence they haue fitly termed it the childing Daifie, + 


1¢ 


I Bellis minor multiplex lore albo vel 
rubro. 


The leffer double red or white Daifie, 


3. Bellis media multiplex flore albg vel 
rubro, 
The targer double white orred Daifie; 


4  Thewilde field Daifiehath many leaues {pred vpon the ground like thofe of the garden 
Daifie :among which rife vp flender ftems ;onthe top whereof do grow finall fingle floures like 
thofeof Camomill, fet abouta bunch of yellow thrums,with a pale of white leaues, fomerimes 
white, now and then red, and often ofboth mixed together. The root is threddy, 

5 There doth likewife grow inthe fields another fort of wilde Daifie, agreeing with the for= ° 
mer in cach refpea, fauing that it is fomewhat greater than the other, and the lea 
more cut in the edges, and larger. : 

6 The blew Italian Daifie hath many {mall threddy roots, from the which rife vp leaues like 


thofe 


es are fomwvhat 


oa 


~ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 2. 


fae Bellis minor prolifera, 
Childing Daifie, 


4. Bellis minor fylueftris. 5 Bellis media fyluefiris. 
; The {mall wilde Daifie. The middle wilde Dalfie: 
6 Q aS pe nen CS + 


NP 


a) } 
| 
eh 


1 

I 
Boni | eg ts thofe of the common Daifie, of adarke greene colour : among which commeth vp a fat ftemme 
i} Reta ki thi tag fet round about with the like leaues, but leffer. The floures grow at the top globe-fafhion, that 

i is, round like a ball, ofa perfeat blew colour, verie like vnto the floures of Mountaine Scabious. 
Hae 7 The French blew Daifie is like vnto the other blew Daifies ineach refpeét,fauing itis alto. 
FeV) gether Jeffer, wherein confifteth the difference. ' 
| 1s ~ + There were formerly three figures and defcriptions of this blew Daifie, but one of them 
tia 

i 

j 


might haue ferued ; for they differ but in the tallneffe of their growth, and in the bredth and nar- 
rowneffe of their leaues. + 
@ The Place. 
The double Daifies are planted in gardens : the others grow wilde euery where. ae 
e 


List ‘OF the Hiftory of Plants. 7 


The blew Daifies are ftrangers in England , their naturall place‘ofabode is fet forth in their {e- 


uerall titles. 
6 Belliscerulea five Globularia Apula, 7 Bellis cerulea Monfpeliaca, 
The blew Italian Daifie. Blew French Daifies. 


© The Times 
The Daifies do floure moft partofthe Sommer, 
| | The Names. 

The Daific is called in high-Dutch DM alsliebers : in low Dutch, Margrictetts in Latine, gel. 
lis minor, and Confalida minor, or the middle Confound : of Tragus, Primulaverss ; but thatname is 
more proper vnto Primrofe: of fome, Herba Margarita, or Margarites herbe : in French, Margueri- 

_— tesyand Caffauaes: in Italian, Féori di prima veri gentili. In Englith, Daifies, and Bruifewort. 

_ » Theblew Daifie is called Bells cerulea + of fome, Globularia, of the round forme of the floure 3 
itisalfo called Aphyllanthes, and Frondiflora: in Italian, Botawaria : in Englith, blew Daifies, and 

_ Globe Daifie. 

| | The Temperature. 

The leffer Daifies are cold and moift, being moift in the end of the fecond degree,and coldyin 
the beginning of the fame. 

gq The Vertues. 

The Daifies doe mitigate all kinde of paines, but efpecially of the ioynts, and gout procee- 
ding froman hot and dry humor, if they be ftamped with new butter vnfalted , and applied vpon 
the pained place , but they worke more effectually if Mallowes be added thereto. 

The leaues of Daifies vfed among ft other Pot-herbes doe make the belly foluble; and they p 
are alfo put into Clyfters with good fucceffe, in hot burning feuers,andagainft inflammations of 
the inteftines. 

The iuyce of the leaues and roots fniftvp into thenofthrils, purgeth the head mightily offoule Cc 
and filthy {limie humors, and helpeth the megrim. , 

The fame giuen to little dogs with milke keepeth them from growing crear. D 

The leaues ftamped taketh away bruifes and fwellings proceeding of {ome ftroke, if they be — 
ftamped and laid thereon , whereupon it was called in old time Bruifewort, 

The iuyce put intothe eyes cléareth them, and taketh away the watering. rp 

The deco&ionof the field Daifie (which is thebeft for phyficks vfe)made in water and drunke, G 
is soodagainft agues, inflammation of the liver, and all other the inward parts, 


A 


C Har. 


638 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L ys. 


Cuar. 204. Of Moufe-eare. 
@] The Defcription. 


1 He great Moufe eare hath greatand large Jeaues greater than our common Pylofella, 
or Moufe-eare, thicke, and full of fub{ftance :the ftalkes and tgaues be hoarie and 
white,with a filken moffinefft in handling like filke,pleafant and faire in view : irbea- 

reth three or foure quadranglec! ftalkes, fomewhat knotty,a foot long: the roots are hard,wooddy, 
and full of {trings : the floures come forth at thetop of the ftalke, like ynto the fmall Piffeabed,or 
Dandelion, of a bright yellow colour. , 

2 The fccond kinde of Py/ofélla is that which we call 4uricula muris, or Moufe-cate, being a 
very common herb, but few more worthy of confideration becaufe of his good effeét,and yet clean 
vnremembred of the old Writers. It is called Pylofella ofthe rough hairy and whitifh fubftance 
growing on the leaves, which are fomewhat long likethe little Daifie, butthat they hauea {mall 
hollowneffe inthem refembling the eare of a Moufe : vponthewhich confideration fome haue 
called it ayoforus ; wherein they were greatly deceiued, forit is nothing like vnto the Mycfots of 
Diof-orides : his {mall ftalkes are likewife hairy , flender, and creeping vpon the ground ; his 
floures are double, and of a pale yellow colour, much like vnto Sonchus,or Hicracium , or Hatke- 
weed, 


x Pylof-l/amajor. 2 Pyloftlla repens. 
Great Moufe-eare. Creeping Moufe-care. ah 
VURAL OA AN Aw u ch oS2 OL, Ow, 


hairy and hoarie broad leaues {pred ypon the ground , among which growes vpa flender {tem , at 
the top whereof ftand two or three finall yellow floures, which being ripe turne vnto downe that is 
caried away with the winde. 


- 3 The fmall Moufe-eare with broad leaves hatha {mall tough roor, from which rife vp many 


@ The Place. 
Thefe plants do grow vpon fandy bankes and vntoiled places that lie open to the aire, 


q The Time, 
They floure in May and Tune. 


8 The 


—— 


a 


i Pe Baa OF the Hiftory of Plants, 69 


@ The Names. 

Great Moufe-eare is called of the later herbarifts Pylofella: the fmaller likewitt Pylofela, and 
Auricula mure : in Dutch, Sagelevuisé, and Mupvloor t Lacuna thinkes it Holoftium : in French,o- 
veille derat, ou fouris - in Italian, Pelofella : in Eng lifh,Moufe-eare. 

@| The Temperature. 

They are hot and dry of temperature, of an excellent aftringent faculti¢ with a certaine hot te- 

nuitie admixed. 


G Thevertues, 

The decoétion of Py/o/ella drunke doth cure and healeall wounds, both inward and outward vit A 
curcth hernies, ruptures, or burftings. ; 

The leaues dried and made into pouder , do profitmuch in healing of wounds, being ftrewed: + 
thereupon, 

The decoction of the iuyce is of fuch excellencie, that if fteele-edged tooles red hot be dren- 'G: 
ched and cooled therein oftentimes, it maketh them fo hard, that they will cut ftoneor iron > be 
they neuer fohard, without turning the edge or waxing dull. 

This herbe being vfed in gargarifmes cureth the loofeneffe of the Vuula. 

Being taken in drinke it bealeth the duxes of the wombe, as alfo the difeafes called Dyfenteria E 
and Enterocele : itelucth and confoundeth wounds, ftayeth the fwelling of the {pleene , and the 
bloudy excrements procured thereby. t 
_ _ The Apothecaries of the Low-countries makea fyrrup of the iuyce of this herb,which they vfe F 

for the cough,confumption, and ptificke, 


t_ Thane inthis chaprer omitted two figures and one defeription : the firlt of the,two omitted figures, whieh fhould kane beene the third, differs little from 
| the firft bacin the fmallneffe of the ftalke, and Fewneffe of the floures at the top thereof: the other, which was in th@fowrth place, was figuged and deftribed by 
| meformerly in the fourths place of the <4 chapter ofats books pion 


Cuapr. 205, Of Cotton-weed or Cud-weed. 


1 Gnaphalium Anglicuns, 
lifh Cudweed,. 


Graphab re nat 772, 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


@ The Defcription. 


Nglifh Cudweed hath fundry flender and vpright flalkes diuided into 
ches, and groweth as high as common Wormwood, whofe colour and 
much refemble. The leaues fhoot from the bottome of the turfe ful of 

fomewhat like a Willow leafe below, but aboue they be narrower, and like the le 

or Flea-wort: among which do grow {mall pale coloured floures like thofe of th 

Flea-bane. The whole plant is of a bitter tafte, 

2 The fecond being our common Graphalinm or Cudweed is a bafe or low herbe, nine nee 
inches long,hauing many fmall ftalks or tender branches,and little leaues,couered all ouer witha 
certain white cotton or fine wooll,and very thick : the floures be yellow,and crow like buttons : 
the top of the ftalkes. g a 

The third kinde of Cudweed or Cotton-weed, being of the fea, is like vnto the other C id- 
weed laft defcribed, but is altogether {maller and lower, feldome growing much aboue a handfall- 
high : the leaues grow thicke vpon the ftalkes, and are fhort, flat, and very white, foft and wool] 

The floures grow at the top of the ftalkes in {mall round buttons, of colour and fafhion like i 

other Cudweed. e 

4. The fourth being the Cotton-weed of the hills and ftony mountains, is fo exceeding tite 


and hoary, that one would thinke it to be a plant made of wooll, which may very eafily be known 
by his picture, without other defcription. 


many bran- 
fhape it doth 
haires,in fhape 
aues of Pfylium 
e {mal] ConiXa or 


3 Gnaphalinm MAVINUU A. Se Gnaphalium montanum purpureum ey albus. 
Sea Cudweed, , Whateand purple mountaine Cotton-weed, 
fo fe 2 ' 8 
Sartelina maritime Crap hatin Larter. 
, t : 


i 5 The fifth kinde of Cotton-weed hath leaues and ftalkes like the other of his kinde,and dif- 


ik fortha faire floureand a ftrange,hauing fuch woolly leaues bordering the floure about,that a man 
would thinke it to be nothing elfe but wooll it felfe: and in the middeft of the flourecome forth 
fundry 


‘ll i fereth in that, that this plant bearetha bush or tuft of purple floures, otherwife it is very like. 

heal ' 6 The fixth is like vnto the laft recited, but greater : the flouresare of an exceeding bright red 

rh dae colour, and of an aromaticall fweet {mell. 

| ie 7 The feuenth kinde of Gaaphalinm or Cotton-weed of Clufius his defeription, growes nine 
q te or ten inches high, hauing little long Ieaues like the {mall Mouf-eare,woolly within,and ofa hoa 
aay re colour on the outfide : the ftalkes in like manner are very woolly, at the top whereof commeth 


Of the Eitane of Plants. 


Ze 


Lis. 


— 


halinm montanum [i 


4. 
hs 


lpinu Wh: 
-Weec 


+ 7 Gnaphalium A 
Rocke Cotton 


ane rubens. 
Cotton-weed. 


i 


ht red mountaine 


6 Gnap 
Bu 


8 


A MAL IEE 


5 
a 
“HA 
uA 
BAS 
g = - 
S, 
s 
8O§ 
= BN 
ws 
a = 
Ac 
S 
ee 


s 
a. 
: 
zs 
SN 
et 
S28 8 
Ro 
rr 
SHS 
ao 
Least 


map abi 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. baw 4a 


I] heads of'a pale yellow colour, like vntothe other of this kinde: The rootis blacke 
and fomewhat fibrous. 


8 There is a kinde of Cotion-weed, being of greater beauty than the reft, that hath ftrait and 
vpright ftalks 3 foot high or more, couered witha moft foftand fine wooll, and in fuct 


2 plentifull 
manner, that a man may with his hands 


eit from the ftalke in great quantitie:which ftalke is 
befet with many {mall long and narrow leaues, greene vpon the inner fide, and hoary onthe other 


rony or woolly ftalkes, srowing ftrait from 
anches : the leaues be long, narrow, whitith, 
es be round like buttons, growing very many 

v as Moufe-eare, which turne into downe, 


fide, fathioned fomewhat like the leaues of Rofemary, but greater. The foures do grow at the to 
of the ftalkes in bundles or tufts, confifting of many fmall floures of a white colour, and very dou- 
ble,compa4%, or as it were confifting of little filuer fcales thruft clofe together, which doe make 
the fame double. When the foure hath long flourifhed, and is waxen old, then comes there 
in the middeft of the floure acertaine browne yellow thrumme, fuch as is inthe midft of the Dai- 
fie :which floure being gathered when it is nay be kept in fuch manner as it was gathered 
(I meane in fuch frefhneffe and well liking) by pace of a whole yeare after, in your cheft or 
elfewhere : wherefore our Englifh women haue called ip Liuc-long, or Liue for euer, which name 
doth aptly anfwer his effets. + Clufiws veceiued this plant out of England, and firft fet it forth 
by the name of Graphalinm Americanum, Or Argyroctine 

9 This plant hath three or foure {mall gtayith cc 
the roor, and commonly diuided into many little br. 
foft, and woolly, like the other of his kinde': the flou 
together at the top of the ftalkes, but nothipg fo y 
and are caried away with the winde. ; 


é 


To. Filugo, fine Herba impia. 
be caat Herbe imptous, or wicked Cudweed. 
1 ans ee at ") 


rem 
patuom ye 


4) dl ay ed S$ a 3 sy Vp 2 
BAI 8 | ie @ 


11 Leontopodium, fine Pes Leoninys. 
Lions Cudweed. 


yn avil CAN, 


a 
= 


fy 


( Wa 


i i Io The tenth is like vnto the laft before mentioned, in ftalkes, leaues,and floures, but much 
i larger, and for the moft part thofe floures which appeare firft are the loweft and bafett, and they 
alae - are ouertopt by other floures which come on younger branches, and grow higher, as children fee- 
aya i king to oucrgrow or overtop their parents, (as many wicked children do) for which caufe it hath 
| Wi beene called Herbaizpia, that is, the wicked Herbe, or Herbe Impious, 
A tr Theeleuenth plant comprehended ynder the title of Graphalium, (being without doubt a 
Aa kinde thereof, as may appeare by the thape of his flouresand ftalks,couered ouerwith a foft wool 
ite like vnto the other kindes of Cotton-w 
hae 


eed) is an handfull high or thereabouts, befet with leaues 
. like 


ay 


. bam a Of the Hiftory of Plants. 643 


ib 12 Leontopodium parunm. 


Small Lyons Cudweed. 


€ 14 Cnaphalinm minus latiore folio, 
Small broad leaued Cudweed, 


a Hhh 


£13 Gwaphalinm oblongo folio, 


: ong leaued Cudivee de 
4 raplealeum Culea Yan 


like Gaaphalium Anglicum, but fomewhat 
broader, Atthetopofthe ftalke groweth 
a floure of a blackifh brown violet colour, 
befet about with rough and woolly hairie 
Ieaues, which make the whole floure to re- 
femble the rough haired foot ofa Lyon, of 
a Hare, ora Beare, or rather in mine opini- 
onof arough footed Doue. The heads of 
thefe floures when they are fpred abroad 
carry a greater circumference than is re- 

uired in fo {mall a plant; andwhen the 
Oar is faded, the feed is wrapped in fuch 
a deale of wooll that it is fearfely to be 
found out. 

t2__ This fmall kinde of Leontopodum 

being likewife a kind of Corton-weed,nei- 
ther by Diofcorides or any other antient 
Writer once remembred, hath one fingle 
ftalke nine inches in height, and the leaucs 
of Gnaphalium montanum . which leaues and 
ftalkes are white,wieh a thicke hoary woo'- 
lineffe, bearing ac the top pale. yellow 
floures like Gnapbalium montanum : the root 
is flender and wooddy, 

; + 13 This, which ‘Clufizs calls Gaa- 
phalivm Plateas 2. hath fall ftalkes fone 
handfull high or foaiewhat more, of which 

a fome 


64.4. ; Of the Hiftory-of Plants. Ew 2d ‘E 


a = 

fome ftand vpright, others lie along vpon the ground, being round, hairy, and vnorderly fer with 
foft hoary leaues ingirting their ftalkes at their fetting on, and fharpe pointed at their vpper ends, 
The tops ofthe ftalkes carry many whitifh heads full ofa yellowith downe :the root is thicke and 
blackifh, with fome fibres. 

14 This fends vp one ftalke parted into feuerall branches fet hereand there with broad foft 
and hoarie leaues,and at the diuifion ofthe branches and amongft the leaues grow feuen or eight 
little heads thicke thruft together, being of a grayifh yellow colour, and full ofmuch downe :the 
root is vnprofitable, and perifhes as foone as it hath perfected his feed, Clufiws calls this Gnaphali- 
um Platear 3. he hauing as it {eemes recciued them both from his friend /aqaes Plateau. + 

The Place, 

The fir& groweth in the darke woods of Hampfted, and in the woods neere vnto Deptford by 
London. The fecond groweth vpon dry fandy bankes. The third groweth ata place called Mere- 
zey, fix miles from Colchefter, neere vnto the fea fide. ¢ Ialfohad it fent me from my worfhip- 
full friend M'. Thomas Glynn, who gathered it vpon the fea coaft of Wales, + 

The reft grow vpon mountaines, hilly grounds, and barren paftures. ; 

The kinde of Gaaphalium newly fet forth (to wit Americanum) groweth naturally neere vnto the 
Mediterranean fea, fromwhence uz hath beene brought and planted in our Englith gardéns. + If 
this be true which our Author hete affirmes, it might haue haue had a fitter (at leaft a neerer) de- 
nomination than from America : yet Bawhize affirmes that it growes frequently in Brafill,and it is 
not improbable that both their affertions be true. + 

; @ The Time. 
They floure for the moft part from Iune to the end of Auguft. 
The Names. 

Cotton-weed is called in Greeke Gnaphalion ; and itis called Graphalion, becaufe men vfe the 
tender leaues of it in ftead ofbombafte or Cotton, as Paulus Aiginetawriteth. Pliny faith it is cal- 
led Chameaxylon, as though he fhould fay. Dwarfe Cotton ; for it hath a foft and white cotton like 
vato bombafte : whereupon alfo itwas called ofdiuers Tomentitia,and Cotonaria : of others,Centun. 
culus, Centuncularis,and Albinum; whichword is found among the baftard names : but the later 
word, by reafon of the white colour,doth reafonably well agree withit. It isalfocalled Bombax, 
Humilis flago,and Herba Impia, becaufe the yonger, or thofe floures that {pring vp later, are higher, 
and ouertop thofe that come firft,as many wicked children do vnto their parents, as before tou- 
ched in the defcription : in Englifh, Cotton-weed, Cud-weed, Chaffe-weed, and petty Cotton. 

4] The Nature. : 

Thefe herbes be ofan aftringent or binding and drying qualitie. 

. 


| The Vertues. 


Graphalium boyled in ftrong lee cleanfeth the haire from nits and lice : alfo the herbe being laid 
in ward-robes and prefles keepeth apparel! from moths. 

The fame boyled inwine and drunken, killeth wormes and bringeth them forth,and preuaileth 
againft the bitings and ftingings of venomous beatts, 

The fume or {moke of the herbe dried, and taken with a funnell, being burned therein, and re- 
ceiued in fuch manner as wevfe to take the fume of Tabaco, that is, with a crooked pipe made for 
the fame purpofe by the Potter, preuaileth againft the cough of the lungs, the great ache or paine 
ofthe head, and clenfeth the breft and siveard parts. 


t The figure that was formerly inthe feuenth place fhould haue beenein the eleuenth 5 aud that in the eleventh in the feuenth. 


Cuapr. 206. 
Of Golden <Moth-wort, or (udweed. 


@| The Defiription. 


I Olden Moth-wort bringeth forth flender ftalkes fomewhat hard and wooddy,dipided 

J into diuers fimall branches ;whereupon do grow leaues fomewhat rough , and of a 

white colour, very much iagged like Southernwood. The floures ftand on the tops 

of the ftalkes,ioyned together in tufts,ofa yellow colour glittering like gold,in forme refembling 
the fcaly floures of Tanfie,or the middle button of the floures of Camomil ; which being gathred 
before they be ripe or withered,remaine beautifull long time after,as my felfe did fee in the hands 
of M'.Wade, one of the Clerks of her Maiefties Counfell,which were fent him among other i 
rom 


Lips 2 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, — 645 


fag Padua in Italy. For whichcanfe of long g lafting, the images and carued gods w ere wont to 
weare garlands thereof: whereupon fome ths called it Gods floure. For which purpofe Prolomy 
King of Egypt did moft diligently obferue them, as P/izy writeth. 


1 Elyochryfon, five Coma aurea, @ The Place. 
Golden Moth-wort, 


It growes in moft vntilled pace 8 f Italy 
and Spaine, in medowes where tl c foile i is bar- 
ren,and about the banks of riuers ; it is a {trans 
ger in England, 

q The T. T i792 

It floures in Augutt at ate Sey otemb 
withftanding Theophr aftus and y ay xec kon it 
among the Houres of the Spring. 

| The Names, 

Golden Moth- Woe is called of F Dioftoria te 
Elichryfon. Pliny and Theophr afts call it Hedz- 
chryfon : GaXa tranflates it Aurelia > in Enelith, 
Gold-floure, Golden Moth-wort. 

Gq The Temperature. 

It is (faith Galen) of power tocutand make 

thinne. 


q@ The Vertues. 

Diofcorides teacheth, that the tops thereof A 
drunke in Wine are good for them that can 
hardly make water ; ; againit Angings of Ser- 
pents, paines of the huckle bohes :and taken 
in fweet wine it diffolueth congealed bloud. 

The branches and leaues — “laid amoneft B 
cloathes keepeth them from moths, w heretp- 
onit hath beene called of fome Moth-w eed, 
or Mothwort. 


J Here formerly were two figures and defcriptions ofthe fame Plants 


oo ae — ——— (ih ee 


Bh i | 
Cu Hap. 207. Of Golden Floure-Gentle. jy aa 
q The Defcription, 

I iz ee: yellow Euerlafting or Fioure-Gentle, called ofthe later Herbarifts Yellow Stee- 
cas, isa plant th at hath ftalkes of a {pan long, and flender,whereupon do grow narrow ute 
leaues white and downie, as arealfo the ftalks. The floures ftand on the te »ps of the ftalks, confi- 
fting of a feattered or difordered {cal ly tuft,ofa reafonable Sood wniell sofa bright yellow colour; 

which being gathered before they be ripe,do "keep their colour and beauty along time without wi- EY jp 
thering, as do moft of the Cottonweeds or Cudwee ds, whereof this 1s a kinde. The root is blacke PRR Re es 
and flender. ¢ There is fome varietie in the heads of this plant, for they are fometimesvery large : Any 
and longith,as Camerarius notes in his Epitome of Matthiolus » , otherwhiles they are very compaé 
and round, and of the bigneffe of the ordinaric. fails Pb aah am 
2 This growes to fome foot or more high, and hath rough downie Jeaues likethe former, but I ; 
broader: the floures are longer,but of the fame yellow colour and long continuance as thof fe ofthe it 
laft defcribed. This varies fomthing in the bredth and length of the leaues, whence Tabernamon. i 
tanus gaue three figures thereofjand thereinwas followed by our Author, as you fhall finde more i 


particularly fpecified at the and ofthe chapter. $ 
3 About Nemaufium and Montpelier there growes another kindeof C4ryfocome , or as Lobel ids 
termes it, Stechas Citvina altera, but that as this plant i isinall points like, fo in all points it is le Alii 
fer and flenc derer, blacker, and not of fuch beauty as the former, growing more neere vnto an ath Hl 
colour, confifting of many {mall twigs a foot long. The root is leffer; and hath fewer ftrings an- 
nexed thereto. and itis {eldome found but inthe cliffes and crags,among rubbifh,and on 
Cities. This plant is browne,without fent or fauor like the other : euery branch hath his o 
of floures comming forth ofa fealy or round head,but nota number heaped together,as i 
kinde. It profpereth well in our London Gardens. 


Hhh 3 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 2. 


t x Stachas Citrina, fine Amaranthus luteus, 


t 2 Amarapthus luteus latifolius, 
Golden Stoechas, or Goldilockes, 


Broad leaued Goldilockes, 


+ 3 Chrylocome capitulis conglobatis. + 4. Amaranthus lutews floreoblongo. 
Round headed Goldilockes. Golden Cudweed. 


4 There isakinde hereof beeing a very rare plant, and as rare to be found where it naturally 
groweth, which is in the woods among the Scarlet-Okes betweene Sommieres and Mountpellier. 
Itisa fine and beautifull plant, in fhew paffing the laft deferibed Stachas Citrina altera : but the 
Jeaues of this kinde are broad,and fomewhat hoarie,as is all the reft of the whole plant; the ftalke 
a foot long,and beareth the very floures of Stechas Citrina altera,but bigger and longer, and fome- 
what like the floures of Lactuca agreftis:the root is like the former,without any manifeft {mel, little 
knowne,hard to finde,whofe faculties be yet vaknowne, 

t 5 This 


—————— 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 


647 


Tt 5 This is awilde kinde (which 


t 5 Heliochryfos fylucstyis. Lobel fetteth torth) that here ma be 


Wilde Goldylockes, ferted, called Eliochry fos [ylueftris. The 
: woolly or flockey leafeof this plant re- 
fembleth Graphalinm vuleare, but that it 
is fomewhat broader in the middle- the 
floures grow cluttering x pon the 


tops of the branches, ofa yellow colour, 
and almoft like thofe‘of Maudline: the 
roots are blacke and wooddie, 

@ The Place. . 

The firft mentioned growes in Italy, 
and other hot countries : and the fecond 
gtowes in rough and gravelly places al- 
moft euery where neere vnto the Rhene, 
elpecially between Spires and Wormes, 

| The Time. 

They floure in Iune and Iuly, 

@ The Names, 

Golden floure is called in Latine Cp. 
ra awrea.of his golden locks or beautiful 
buthand alfo Tineraria:in thops,Stechas 
¢itrina, Amaranthus luteus, Euch ‘ij T vache 
of fome, Linaria anrea,but not truely: in 
Greeke,chry/ocome :in Dutch, epnblg- 
eiten, and Motten cruye sin Italian, 2- 
*arantho Giallo: in Englith, Gold -floure, 
Gods floure, Goldilockes, and Golden 
Stachas. 


g The Temperature and V ertnes Pe 
The floures of Golden Stcechados A 
boiled inwine and drunke, expell worms 
out of the bellic ; and being boiled in Lee made of ftrong afhes doth kill lice and nits,if they bee 


bathed therewith. The other faculties are refered to the former plants mentioned inthe lat chap- 
ter, 


T There were formerly the fame number of figures as are now inthis Chapter, but no way agreeing with the deferiptions;the firft was of, Millefolittm Luteum be~ 
ihe the Helicbryfiams Italicum of MatthioluesThe fecond was of the Amaranthus primus of Tr gus, which {tilkeeps the 2 placezand the 4.& 5,were Onely varteties of this, 
according to Sauhine: bur if they be norvarietic-,but made to expreffe the 2.figures of the ducr/ar. whichwe here giac,as I con'e@urethey were,then{hould the 
fourth haue beene pet in the third places and thefift in the fourth, &che third fhould haue been putin che fitth,as you may fee now itis. 


Cuar. 208. Of (oftmarie and Maudelein. 
| The Defcription. 
x Oftmary growcth vp with round hard ftalkes two foot high,bearing long broad Jeaues 


finely nicked in the edges,ofan ouerworn whitith green colour. The tuft or bundle is 
of agolden colour, confifting of many little floures like clufters, ioyned together in 


arundle after the manner of golden Steechados. The root is ofa wooddy fubftance, by nature ve- 
rie durable,not without a multitude of little firings hanging thereat. The whole plant is ofa plea. 
fant fmell, fauour, or tafte. 


2 Maudleine is fomewhat like to Coftmary (whereofit is a kinde) in colour, fmell,tafte, and 


in the golden floures, fet vpon the tops of the ftalks in round clufters. It bringeth forth a number 
of ftalkes,flender, and round, The leaues are natrow,!ong,indented,and deepely cut about the ed- 
Ses. Theclufter of floures is leffer than that of Coftmarie,but ofa better fmell, and yellower co- 
four. The roots are long lafting and many. 


* 3. There isanother kinde of Balfamita minor, or Ageratum, which hath leaues ieffer and 


narrower than the former, and thofe not fnipt about the edges : the vmbel or tuft of foures is 


yellow 


stl ples eommdamei Sees een ee 
648 Of the Hifterie of Plants. Lizz. 


I Balfamita mas. 2 Balfamitafemina,five Ageratume 
Coftmarie. Maudelein. 


Aceratum, vel non fenefcens, called in {hops 
(though vntruly) Eupaterinm Mefve. The 
floures are of a beautifull and feemely 
thew, which will not lofe their excellen- 
cieof grace in growing, vntill they beve- 
ry old, and therefore called Ageratum, or 
Non [enefcens,as before,and are like in tuft 
to Eliochry(on, but of awhite colour ; and 
this isthought to be the true and right 4- 
geratum of Diofcoridesalthough therehath 
been great, controuerfiewhich fhould be 
the true plant. 

+ 4 This differeth not from the com- 
mon Maudelein, but inthe colour ofthe 
floures,which are white, when as thofeof : 
the ordinarie fort are yellow. 


at The Place. 

They grow eucry where in gardens,and 
are cherithed for their fweet floures and 
leaues. 

| The Time. 

They bring forth their tufts of yellow 
floures inthe Sommer moneths, 

q The 


649 


“Linen Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


The Names. : 

Coftmarie is called in Latine Balfamita maior or mas « of fome,Coftus hertorum : itis alfo called 
Mentha Graca : and Saracenica Officinarum : of Tragus,Alifma : of Matthiolus,H erba Graca : of others, 
Saluia Romangand Herbalaffulata:of {ome,Herba D Maria : in Englifh,Coftmarie,and Ale-coatt : in 
High Dutch, Frautoenbraut : in low Dutch, Pepdntlch woindbkeaut sin French,coq, 

Maudlein ts without doubt #kinde of Coftmarie,called of the Italians HeréaGiulia:| of V aleri- 
us Cordis, Mentha Corymbifera minor :and Eupatorinm Mefues It is iudged tobe Dioftorides his Agera- 
tamand it is the Co/tus minor Dortenfis of Gefner:we call it in Englifh Maudlein. 

ye © The Nature. 
They are hot and drie in the fecond degree. 


. . | The Vertues, 

Thefe plants are very effedtuall, efpecially Maudlein, takeneither inwardly or elfe outward- A, 
ly to prouoke vrine; and the fumethereofdoth the fame, and mollifieth the hatdneffe of the Ma- 
trix. 

Coftmarie is put into Aleto fteepe, asalfo into the barrels and Stands amongft thofeherbes B 
wherewith they,doe make Sage Ale ; which drinke is very profitable for the difeafes before {po. 
ken of, 

. The leaues of Maudleine and Adders tongue ftamped and boiled in Oile Oliue, adding thereto © 
alittle wax,rofinjand a little turpentine,maketh an excellent healing vnguent,or incarnatiue falue 

to raife or bring vp flefh froma deepe and hollow wound or vicer,whereof I haue had long expe- 
rience. 

The Conferne made with the leaues of Coftmarie and Sugar, doth warme and drie the braine, D 
and openeth the ftoppings of the fame : ftoppeth all Catarrhes,theumes and diftillations,taken in 
the quantitie ofa beane. 

The leaues of Coftmarie boiled in wine and drunken,cureth the griping paine of the bellie, the 
guts and bowels,and cureth the bloudie flix. ae yee. 

» Itis good for them that haue the greene fickneffe,or the dropfie,efpecially in the beginning,and F 
ithelpeth all that haueaweake and cold liuer. 

The feed expelleth all manner 6fwormes out of the belly, as wormfeéd doth. G 


Cuar, 209. Of Tanfe. 


q The Deftription, 


I Anfie groweth vpwith many ftalkes, bearing on the tops of them certaine cluttered 
tufts, with floures like the round buttons of yellow Romane Cammomill, or Feuer- 
few(without any leaues paled about them)as yellow as gold. The leaues be long,made 

as it were of a great many fet together vpon one ftalke,like thofe of Agrimony,or rather wild Tan- 
fic,very like to the female Ferne,but fofter and leffer,and euery one of them flathed in the edges as 
are the leaues of Ferne. The root is tough and ofa wooddie fubftance, The whole plant is bitter 
in tafte,and of a ftrong fmell,but yet pleafant. 

2 The double Englith Tanfic hath leaues infinitly iagged and nicked;and curled withall, like 
vnto a plume of feathers : it is altogether like vnto the other, both in {mell and tafte, as alfo in 
floures, but more pleafantly {melling by many degrees, wherein efpecially confifteth the diffe- 
tence. 

3 The third kinde of Tanfic hath leaues,roots,ftalkes,and branches like the other, and diffe- 
reth from them,in that this hath no fmell or fauour at all,and the floures are like the common fin- 
gle Fetherfew. 

$ 4 Clufius bath defcribed another bigger kind of vnfauorie Tanfiewwhofe figure here we giue 
you;it grows fome cubit and halfe high,with crefted ftalks,hauing leaues fet vpén fomwhat longer 
ftalks than thofe of the laft defcribed, otherwife much like them : the floures are much larger, bes , 
ing of the bignefle of the great Daifie,and of the fame colour: the feede is long and blacke: The 
root isof the thicknes of ones finger,running vpon the furface of the ground,& putting forth fome 
fibres , and it lafts diuers yeares, fo that the plant may be encreafed thereby. This floures in May 
and Iune,and grows wilde vpon diuers hills in Hungary and Auftria. ¢ th 

5 The 


T 


cetum, 


Tana 


l1Ce 


Tan 


LL Taye 


a) ONER 


= 
3g 
u 
S) 


Lime Of the Hiftory of Plants. 651 


5 5 The fifth kinde of Tanfe hath broad ° 
+ 4. Tanacetum minus album, .  leaues,much iagged and wel cut, like the leanes 
Small white Tanfie. of Fetherfew, but {maller,and more d ceply cus, 
The ftalke is fmall,a foor long whereupon doe 
grow little tufts of little white Houres,like the 
tuft of Milfoile or Yarrow. The heibe isin 
~ fmell and favour like the common Tanfie, but 

not altogether fo trong. 

. §F The Place. 

The firt groweth wilde in fields as well as 
in gardens : the others grow in my garden, 

| The Time. 

They floure in Tuly and Augutt. 

@| The Names. 

The firlt is called Tanfie ; the fecond double 
Tanfie,the third vnfantory Tanfie,the lat white 
Tanfie: in Latine,Tazacetnmand \Athanafiaas 
though it were immortal] : becaufe the floures 
do not {peedily wither : of fome, artemifia, but 
vntruly, 

°@ The Nature, é 

The Tanfies which {mel feet are hot inthe 
fecond degree,and dty in the third. That with. 
out fmell is hot and drie, and ofa meane tem- 
perature. 

@ The Vertues, 

In the Spring time are madewith the Jeayes A 
hereof newly {ptung vp,and with egs, cakes or 
tanfies, which be pleafant in tafte,and good for 
the ftomecke. For if any bad humours cleaue 
thereunto,1t doth perfeétly concog them, and 
{cowre them downewards. The root preferued 
with hony or fugar, is an efpecial thing againft 


5 . loa 
the gout,ifeuery day fora certaine {pace,a rea- 


fonable quantitie thereof be eaten fa fing. } 
The feed of Tanfieisa fingular and approoued medicine againft Wormes,for in what fort fo- B 
euer it be taken, it killeth and driteth them forth. . 
The fame pound,and mixed with oile Oliue,is very good againtt the paine and fhrinking ofthe C 
finewes, 
Alfo being drunke with Wine, it is good againft the paine of the bladder, and when a man can- D 
Not piffe but by drops. 


; ‘ 
tT The figure that was formerly in the fourth place was onely the varietie of che ordinary Tanfic,hauing a white Hloure,but that which agreed with the defer'prion 
Was pag gis.vnder the title of Achillea. fixe Miblefolium nobiles 


Cuar,20. Of Fetherfew. 
| The Defiription. 


I Euerfew bringeth forth many little round ftalkes, diuided into certaine branches. The 
leaues are tender, diuerfly torne and lagged .and nickt on the edges like the firftand ne- 
thermoft leaues of Coriander, but greater. The Houres ftand on the tops of thebranches,with a 
{mall pale of white leaues,fetround about a yellow ball or button, like thewilde field Daifie. The 
root is hard and tough: the whole plant is of a light whitith greene colour,ofa {trong {mell and 
bitter tafte 
2. Thefecond kinde of Feuerlew, Matricariaor Parthenium, differeth fram the former, in that 
ithath double floures ; othe wife in fmell,leaues,and branches, itis all onewith the common Fe- 
uerfew. 
3 Thereisa third fort called Mountdine Feuerfew,of Carolys Clufivs his defcription,that bath 


{mal 


652 


I Matricaria, 


al Feuerfew., 
vey ye Mk NILVVL gd Rey v/ 


£ 3 Matricaria Alpina Clufy. 
Mountaine Feuerfew. 


OF the Hiftorie of Plants. Lise 


2 Matricarta duplici flore. 
Double Feuerfew. 


finall and fibrous roots , from which proceed 
flender wooddie ftalks,a foot high and fome- 
what more, befet or garnifhed about with 
leaues like Camomill,deepely iagged or cut, 
of the fauour or {mell of Feuerfew,but not fo 
ftrong;in tafte hot,but notvnpleafant. At the 
top of the ftalks there come forth {mal white 
floures not likevnto the firft, butrather like 
vnto Abfysthium album, or White Worme- 
wood. 

4 Ihaue growing in my Garden another 
fort, like vnto the firft kinde, but ofa moft 
pleafant {weet fauour, in refpe& ofany of the 
reft. + This feemes to be the Matricaria altera 
ex I/ua,mentioned by Camerarius in his Hortus 
medicus. + 

q The Place. 

The common fingle Feuerfew groweth in 
hedges,gardens, and about old wals,it ioyeth 
to grow among rubbifh . There is oftentimes 
found when it is diggedvp a little cole vnder 
the ftrings of the root, and neuer without it, 
whereof Cardane in his booke of Subtilties 
fetteth down diuers vaine and trifling things. 

@| The Time. 

They floure for the moft part all the Som- 
met long. 

@ The Names. 

Feuerfew is called in Greeke of Diofiorides 
msn Of Galenyand Paulus one of his fed, 
avataxe:in Latine, Parthenium, Matricaria, and 

Febrifu- 


Reger, orwine for want of the others, draweth away flegme and melancholy,and is sood for them 


Lis. 2. . OF the Hiftory of Pidnis:: ie, 


Sa> 
652 


Febrifuga, of Fuchfius, Artemifia Tenuifolia: in Italian, Amarella. in Dutch, Moeder erupts in 
French, Efpargoute / in Englith, Pedderfew and Feuerfew, taken from his force of driuing away A- 
gues. 

4) The Temperature. 

Feuerfew doth manifeftly heat, it is hot in the third degree,and drie in the fecond ; it clenfeth, 
purgeth or {coureth,openeth and fully performeth all chat bitter things can do, { : 

g The Vertues, 

Itisa great remedie againft the difeafes of the matrix; it procureth womens fieknes with fpéed. 4, 
it bringeth forth the after birth andthe dead childe, whether it bee drunke ina decoGtion, or boi. 
Jed ina bach and the woman fit ouer it,or the herbes fodden and applied tothe prinie part,ih man- 
ner ofa cataplafine or pultis. i 

Diofcorides alfo reacheth, that it is profitably applied to Saint Anthonies fire, to all hot inflam. B 
mations,and hot {wellings,ifit be laid vnto, both leaties and floures, 

The fame Author affirmeth,that the pouder of Feuerfew drunkewith Oxymell, or fyrup of Vi- @ 


— 


that are purfie,and haue their lungs ftuffed with flegme ; and is profitable lik 
gainft the ftone,as the fame Author faith. 

Feuerfew dried and made into pouder, and two drams of it taken with honie or fiveet wine, pur- D 
geth by fiege melancholy and flegme , wherefore it is very good for chem that are giddie in the 
head,or which hate the turning called Vertigo, thatisa {winiming and turning in the head, Alfo it 
is good for fuch as be melancholike,fad, penfiue,and without f{peech. 

_ The herbe is good againft the fuffocation of the mother, that is,the hardneffeand {topping of & 
the fame,being boiled in wine, and applied to the place. Pe 

The deco&ion of the fame is good for women to fit ouer, for the purpofes aforefaid. 

Iris vfed both indrinks,and bound to the wrefts with bay faltjand the pouder of glaffe ftamped G 
together,as amoft fingular experiment againft the agues } 


feto be drunkea 


Cuar.an. Of Poley, or Pellamountaine. 


1 Polium montanum album. 2 Polinm montanum luteum. 
White Poley mountaine. Yellow Poley mountaine. 


Lae 
bee 
im 


q The 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. af 


2 The tuftes of the fecond kinde of Poliwm are longer than the tuftes or floures of the laft be- 
fore mentioned,and they are ofa yellow colour; the leaues alfo are broader,otherwife they are very 
like. 

3 From thewooddie rootes of this third kinde of Polinm proceed a great number of fhootes 
like vnto the laftrehearfed, lying flat vprightvpon the ground,whofe flender branches take hold 
vpon the vpper partof the earth where they creepe. The floures are like the other, but ofa purple 
colour. 

4 The laftkinde of Polivm,an d ofall the ret the {malleft, is of an indifferent good fmell,in all 
gat points like vnto the common Polivm,but that it is foure times leffer,bauing the leaues not fnipt, 8 
bbe! the floures white. 
| £ 5 This fends vp many branches from one root like tothofe of the firft defcribed,but fhor- 
i) ter and more fhrubdbie, lying pattly vpon the ground, the leaues grow by couples at certain fpaces, 
} fomewhat like,but lefler than thofe of Rofemarie or Lauander,greene aboue, and whitith beneath, 

i not fhipt about their edges ; their tafte is bitter,and fmell fomewhat pleafant: the floures grow 
plentifully vpon the tops of the branches,white of colour, and in fhape not vnlike thofe of the o- 
ther Poleyes :they grow ona bunch together,and not Spike fafhion : the feed is blackith and con- 
tained in {mall veflels: the root is hard and wooddie,with many fibres. Clufivscallsthis Poliam 7. 
albo flore It is the Polium alterum of M. atthiolus,and Polinm recentiorum femina Lavandule folie of La- 
bel. Lhere giue you(as C/ufizs alfo hath done)two figures to make one good one : the former fhews 
wg ag | the floures and their manner. of growing ; the other,the feede veffels, and the leaues growing by 
| 
i 
} 


couples,togetherwith a little better expreffion ofthe root. $ 


3 Polinm montanum purpnreuwm, Purple Poley. 


q pyle @ 


i @ The Time, 
AH ila They floure from the end of May,to the beginning of Auguft. 


tH § i V2 
MOS 
« | ye AS 
ee Ht hate 
1a wy, 
} 
| i SA 
pea, | aa 
eh Ae 
iat f «© The Place. 
ee Thefe plants do grow naturally vpon the mountaines of France, Italie,Spaine,and other hot re- 
WI | iid gions, They are ftrangers in England, notwithftanding I haue plants of that Poley with yellow 
‘ floures bythe gift of Lobel. 
: 


a] The 


Lis. 2. 


OF the Hiftory of Plants. 


| 4. Polinwm montanum minimum, 


| Creeping Poley; 


£5) Polium Lavandule foli 
Lavander leaued!/Po! 


Gq The Names. 

Poley mountaine is called in’ Greckie cen, 
of his hoarinefle, and in Latinealfo Polium. Di- 
uers fufpec that Polium is Leucas,and that Diof- 
corides hath twife intreated of that herbe .vnder 
diuers names ; the kindes,the dccafionefthe 
name,and likewife the faculties do agree, There 
bee twoof the Leucades, one tens: thatisof the 
mountaine:the other, sec, which is that with 

the broader leafe: it is called Lewcas of the'whi- 
tith colour,and Polion of the hoarinefle,becaufe 
it feemeth like to a mans hoarie head; for what- 
foeuer waxeth hoarie,is faid to be white. 

@ The Temperature. 

Poley is of temperature drie in the third de- 
gree, and hor in the end of the {econd, 


@ The Fertues. 


Diofcorides faith, it isaremedie forthem that A 


haue the dropfie, the yellow iaundice, and that 
are troubled with the {pleene. 


It prouoketh vrine, & is putinto Mithridate, B 


treacle, and counterpoifons. 


It profiteth much againft the bitings of ve- C 


nomous beafts, and driueth away all venomous 
beatts from the place where it is ftrewed or 
burnt. 


The fame drunke with vineger, is"go0o0d for D 
o DB 


Tita the 


Ofsha EG onic bane 


the difeafes of themilt and fpleenesit troubleth the ftomacke,and affliGeth the head,and StouD- 
keth the loofeneffe, of thebellie. 


Crap, 212. Of Germander, 


gq The Kindes. 


He old writers haue fet downe no certaine kinds of Germander, yet we haue thought it good, 
and not without caufe, to intreat of mo forts than haue been obferued of all, diuiding thofe 
vnder the title of Tewcrinm from Chamedryes : although they are both of one kind,but yet differing 
very notably. ‘ 
g The Defiription, 
3 He firft Germander groweth lowe,with very many branches lying vpon the ground, 
tough,hard,and wooddie,{preading it felfe here and there : whereupon are placed fmall 
leaues f{nipt about the edges like the teeth ofa faw, refembling the fhape ofan oken leafe. The 
floures are of a purple colour, very fmall, ftanding clofe to the leaues toward the top of the bran- 
ches. The {eed is little and blacke. The root flender and full of ftrings,creeping,and alwaies {prea- 
ding within the ground, whereby it greatly increafeth. + This is fometimes found with bigger 
leaues,otherwhiles with leffe ; alfo the floure is fometimes white,and otherwhiles red in the fame 
plant, whence T abernam. gaue two figures,and our Authour two figures and defcriptions,whereof 
I haue omitted the later, and put the two titles into one. + 
2 The fecond Germander rifeth vp witha little ftraight ftalk a {pan long,and fometimes lon- 
ger,wooddieand hard like vntoa little fhrub : it is afterwards diuided into very many little fmall 
branches. The leaues are indented and nicked about the edges,leffer than the leaues of the former, 
great creeping Germander : the floures likewife ftand neere to the leaues,and on the vpper parts of 
the {prigs, of colour fometimes purple,and oftentimes tending to blewneffe : the roote is diuerfly 
difperfed with many ftrings. 


1 Chamedrys maior latifolia. 2 Chamedrys minor. 
sreat broad leaued Germander. Small Germander. 
Tenures \ 79 Charnrau 48. 


. c . - 
Lis, 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 659 
3 Wilde Germander hath little ftalkes. 
3 Chamadrys fylucitris, weake and feeble, edged or cornered, fome- 
Wilde Germander, what hairie,and fetas it werewith ioints - a- 
NW Gonvica. Charro Ora <a bout the which by certaine diftances theré 
Wy come forth at each ioint two leaues fome- 
WR thing broad, nicked in the edges, and fome- 
e We thing greater than the leaues of creeping 
SV/> Germander, and fofter. The floures be of a 
GB OB gallant blew colour, made of foure {mal 
Ny leaues apecce, ftanding orderly on the tops 
CPB of the tender fpriggie {praies ; after which 
Hg ae come in place little huskes or feede veffels. 
: SP AWA LS The root is fmall and threddie. 
Li 


@ The Place, 

Thefe plants do grow in rocky and rough 
grounds,and in gardens they do eafily prof 
per. 

The wilde Germander groweth in manie 
places about London in Medowes and fertil 
fields,and in euery place wherefocuer I have 
trauelled in England. 

The Time, , 
_ They floure and flourith from the end of 
May, tothe later end of Augift. 

The Names, 3 

Garden Germander is called in Greeke, 
aetiaiteue,Chamedrys : ol fome, Tiff: 0,8 Trix 
agoand likewife Quer cula minor:notwithftan- + 
ding moft of thefenames do more properly 
belong to Scordium,ox water Germander : in 
Italian, Querciuola : in Englith, Germander, 
or Englifh Treacle:in French, Germandre, 
Before creeping Germander was knowne, this wilde kinde bare the name of Germander among ft - 
the Apothecaries, andwas vfed for the right Germander in the compofitions of Medicines : but 
atrer the former were brought to light, this began to benamed Syluefris, and SpuriaChamaedrys : 
that is wilde and baftard Germander : of fome, Teucrium pratenfe,and without errour ; becan{e all 
the forts of plants comprehended vnder the title of Teucrium,are doubtleffe kindes of Germander, 
Of fome it hath been thought to be the plant that Diofcorides called ispsd-mn, Hierabotane ; that is to 
fay, the Holic herbe, if fo bee thar the Holie herbe , and Verbemaca, or Veruainewhich is called in 
Grecke trp be fundrie herbes. Diofcorides maketh them fundrie herbes,defcribing them apart, 
the one after the other : but other Authors,as Pauls, Actius,and Oribafidsymake no mention of Her. 
b2 Sacra,the Holie herbe,but onely of Peri/fereon : and this fame is found fo be likewife called Hie. 
rabotane,or the Holie Herb,and therefore it is evident that it is one and the felfe fame planr,called 
by diuers names: the which things confideréd, if they fay fojand fay truely, this wilde Germander 
cannot be Hierabotane at all,as diuers haue written and faid it tobe. 

The Temperature. : 

Garden Germander is of thin parts,and hath a cutting facultie, it is hot and drie almoft inthe 
third degree,euen as Galex doth write of Teucrinm,or wilde Germandet. 

Thewilde Germander is likewife hot and drie, and is not altogether without force or power to’ 
open and clenfe : it may be counted among the “al of them that do open the liver and fpleen, 

The Vertues. 


Virpes CHAP. 


2 


ee hes Hiftory of Plants. Lise 22 


Cuar.23. Of Tree Germander. 


@| The Defiription. 


™ He firft kinde of Tree Germander rifeth vp with a'little ftraight ftalke a cubite high, 
wooddie and hard like vnto a {mall wooddie fhrubbe. The ftalke diuideth it felfe 
from the bottome vnto the toppe into diuers branches, whereon are fet indented 
leaues nicked about the edges, in fhape not much vnlike the leafe of the common Germahder. 
The floures grow among the leaues of a purple colour. The root is wooddie,as is all the reft of the 


plant. ; 
1 Teucrinm latifolium, 2 Teucrinm Pannosicum, 
Tree Germander with broad leaues, Hungarie Germander, 


gah 
fie i wif 
. | 
. Hi i f 
t 
bg ; . . 
: \\ (UY, N\ ; \ Up = A. 
| ; 1 FRG 2] SW, f 
j ! ‘ 
ik 4 
Fl 
i | 
ae 
sf } 
| / 
, } 
1 i) 
4 
| 
{ 
’ 4 i 
| i ‘ « J } 
+ > . * 
th » The Tree Germander of Hungarie hath many tough threddie roots,from pins 9 rife ie 
Ca 5 - | i ba Bech ac are {e oe ples 
pipe | uers weake and feeble ftalks,reeling this way and that way;whereupon are fet together ey alae 
i) ia long leaues iageed in the edges,not vnlike thofe of the vpright Fluellen : on the tops Or t a A 
% ba) Sse ae ie LP =1 ~ 5a ae spa eae H 25> towards ve 
i da ftand the floures Spike fafhion, thicke thruit together, of a purple colour tending to 
La neffe. ie , vist sia 
a + 3. This (which is the fourth of¢/u(ius defcription) hathdiuers ftalkes fome anes 
i . sa 5 : pie OP a a oes i es ES 8 the 
he foure {quare, rough, and fet at certaine {paces with leaues growing by couples like thofe oft 


C 1 od are anes a se earrvins lone ft s 

wilde Germander : the tops of the ftalkesare divided into fundry branches, carrying dong Po cs 

Ve 4 cs “Oy ey aes eo laroe ciIngul- 

of blew floures,confitting of foure leaues,whereofthe vppermoft leafe is the largeft,and di care 
: ; : ~ -. Miellen: ther 

fhed with veines : after the foures are paft follow fuch flac feed veffelsas in Fluellen: the root is 


ey! fe in Perl snary veare new branches + 
fibrous.and liues ong, fending forth euery yeare new bre nches. £ 


ae nie see 2 


4 This 


Of the Hiftory of P 


lants: 


/ 


O 
ae) 
su 
WO 


eter 4. Tencrins 


2 Teucrinm mains Pannonicum . 


J 


Dwarfe 


Great Auttrian Germander, 


6 Ttucrium A 


iaum Cifts flore. 
ed Tree Germander, 


ip 


Rough head 
A) V4 OU S Oo oe © |} 


> 


oO 


Spanith Tree Germander, 


5 Teucrium Baticum. 


— 


i Hi | Ge 
ale: 
Retis Ri ag 
Reve WA, 
y 
el 


60 “a Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 2 Lis. 2. 


4 This Dwarfe Germander fends vp ftalkes “Gerais handfull high, danni not branched : 

leaues grow vpon thefe ftalkes by couples, thicke, fhining,a little hairy and greene on their vp be 
fides, ¢ nd whitifh below :the tops of the flalkes carry fpoky tufts of floures, confifting of foure or 
fiue blewith leaues ; which falling, there followes a feed- veftell, as inthe Giininds. The root is 
knotty and fibrous, ead growes {6 faft among {tthe rockes that i it cannot eafily be got out. It flou- 
reth in Iuly. Clufites deferibes this by the name of Texcrium 6, Pumilum : deenoes fers-i it forth by 
the name Gf cronic: 1 petras femper virens. t 

5 This Spanith Germander rifeth vp oft times to the height of a man,in manner ofa hedge 
buth, with one ftiffe ftalke of the bigne ffeofa mans little finger. ,couered ouer'witha whitiii: bark, 
dinided'h fometimes into other branch es, which are alwayes placed by couples one right againft a 
nother, ofan ouerworne hoarie colour ; and vpon them are placed leaues not much wnlike the com-~ 
mon Germander ;t the vpper parts whereoFave ofa grayith hoarie colour, and the lower ofa deepe 
greene ; ofa bitter tafte, and fomewhat crooked sturning and \ winding thenienies after the manner 
ofawelt. The floures come forth from the bofome of the leaues, fending g vpon {mall tender foor- 
ftalkes ofa white colour, without any helmet orhood on their tops, hauing i in the middle many 

threddy ftrings. The whole plant kcepeth greene all the VVinter long. 

6 Among the reft of the Tree Germanders this is not of leaft beauty and account, hauing ma- 
ny weake and feeble branches trailing vpon the ground, ofa darke reddith col our, hard and w vood- 
die;a at the bottome of which ftalks come forth h many long broad iagged leaues not vnlike the pre- 
cedent, hoary vnderneath, and greene aboue, of a binding and drying-tafte. The floures grow at 

the top of F the fall ces; nonvulike to thofe of Giftus femina, or Sage-rofe, and are white he colour, 
confifting of eight or nine 1c aues, in the middle whereof do grow many threddy chiues eithour 
{mell or feel which being paft, there fucceedeth a tuft of rough threddy or flocky matter, not 
vnlike to thofe of the great Auens or Pulfatilla : the root is wooddy,and fet with fome few hairie 
ftrings faftned to the fame. 


q The Place. 


Thefe plants do ioy in ftony and rough mountaines and dry places, and fuchas lie open to the 
Sunne and aire, and profper well in g gardens : and of the fecond fort I haue receiued one plant for 
my garden of M'.Garret Apothecarie. 

q The Time. 


They floure, flourifh, and feed when the other Germanders do, 
q| The Names. 


Tree Germander is called in Greeke austere, retaining the name of the former Chamadrys, and 
aioxpe, according to the authoritie of Dvofcorsdes and Pliny : in Latine Tewsrium : in Englith, che 
Germander, vpright Germander, and Tree Germander. 


@] The Temperature and Vertues. 


Their temperature and faculties arereferred vnto the garden Germander, but they are not of 
fuch force and working, wherefore they be not much vfed 1 in phyficke. 


Cuar. 214. 
Of Water Germander, or Garlicke Germander. 
| The Defcription. 


I Cordinum or water Germander hath fquare hairie ftalkes creeping by the ground, befer 
with foft whitith crumpled leaues, nicktand {nipt round about the edges like a Saw: 
among which grow fmall purple floures like the floures of dead Nettle. The root is 

{mall and threddy, creeping in the ground very dee pely. The whole plant being bruifed fmelleth 
like Garlicke, whereof it tooke that name Scordiun, + This by reafon of goodneffe of foile vari- 
eth in the largene fle thereof, whence Tabernamontanus and our Author made a bigger and a leffer 
thereof, but I haue omitted the later as fuperfluous. + 

q The Place, 

Water Germander groweth neere to Oxenford, by Ruley, on both fides of the water, andin 2 

medow 


rere Of the Hitftorie of Plants. Beat 


medow by Abington called Nietford, by therelation of a learned Gentleman of S, rohys in the 
faid towne of Oxenford, a diligent r@ome, my very good friend, called .M’ later, Alfoit 
groweth ingreat plenty in the Ifle of Elie, and in a medow by: Harwood in Lancathire, and diuers 
other places. 


¥ Scordinm, @ The Time. 

‘OW ater Germander, ; ( r ; 
+61 ay Copies The floures appeare in Iune and Iuly : it, is 
J. 2A Ce ae iL f / < £L 


beft to gather the hetbe in Augutt: it peri- 
fheth not in Winter, but onely ‘lofeth the 
ftalkes,;which come vp againe in Sommer: the 
root remaineth freth all the yeare, 


@] The Names, 


The Grecians call it xan ; the Latines do 
keepe that name Scordium : the Apothecaries 
haue no other name # It is called of fome Trix- 
ago Paluftris, Quercyla, and alfo Mithridatium, 
of Mithridstes the finder of it out. Ittooke 
the name Scordinm fromthe {mel of Garlicke, 
which the Grecians call asetyand wieouo, of the 
ranckneffe of the fell :inhigh-Dutch, yaqe 
Ther battenig sin French, Scordion : in Tea~ 
lian, Chalamandrina paluftre : in Englith,Scor- 
dium, ‘Water Germander, and Garlicke Gers 
mander, 


f 


© The Temperature. 


Water Germander is hotand dry: ithatha 
; certaine bitter tafte, harfh and fharpe, as Gale 
witneffeth, 


q| The Vertues. 


Water Germander cleanfeth the intrals, and likewife old ylcers, being mixed with honey ac- 
cording toart:it prouoketh vrine, and bringeth downe the monethly fickenefle : it draweth out 
of the cheft thicke fleeme and rotten matter: it is good foranold cough, paine in the fides which 
commeth of topping and cold, and for burftings and inward ruptures. 

Thedeco@ion made in wine and drunke, is good againft the bitings of Serpents, and deadly 
poyfons ; and is vfed in antidotes or counterpoyfons with good fucceffe. 3 

It is reported to mitigate the paine of the gout,being ftamped and applied with a little vineger 
and water. : : 

_ Some affirme, that raw fleth being laid among the leaues of Scordium, may be preferued a long 
time from corry ption, 

Being drunke with wine it openeth the {toppings of the liuer, the mile, kidnies , bladder, and 
matrix, prouoketh yrine, helpeth the ftrangurie, that is;when a man cannot piffe but by drops,and 
4sa molt {ingular cordiall to comfort and make merry the heart. e 

The pouder of Scordion taken in the quantitie oftwo drams in meade or honied water, cureth 
and ftoppeth the bloudy flix, and comforteth the fomacke. Of this Scordium is made a moft fin- 
gular medicine called Diafcordium, which ferueth very Notably for all the purpofes aforefaid, 

The fame medicine madewith Scordium is giuen with very good fucceffe vnto children and 
aged people, that haue the fmall pockes, meafles, or the Purples, or any other peftilent ficknefle 
whatfoeuer, cuten the plague it felfe, giuen before the ficknes haue vninerfally poffeffed the whole 


body. 


Cuap, 


hho Oo ow 


le. OF the Hiftorie of Plants. Lana 


Crap. 2s. Of Wood Sage, or Garlicke Sage. 
@- The Defcription. 


Hatwhichis called Wilde Sage hath ftalkes foure {quare, fomewhat hairie, about which are 

leaues like thofe of Sage, but {horter, broader, and {otter ; the floures grow vp all vpon one 

fide of the ftalke, open and forked as thofe of dead Nettle, but leffer, of a pale white colour: then 

grow the feeds foure together in one huske; the root is full of ftrings. It 1s a plant that liveth but 

ayeare: it fmelleth of garlicke when itis bruifed, being a kinde of Garlicke Germander yas ap- 
peareth by the fmell of garlicke wherewith itis poflefled. 


+ Scorodonia, fine Saluiaagreftts, q The Place. 
Wood Sage, or Garlicke Sage, ; 
Toucncuvw @ Seore bonrov It groweth vpon heaths and barren places : it 


is alfo foustd in Woods, and neere vuto hedse- 
rowes, and about the borders of fields : it fome- 
what delighteth ina leane foile, and yet nox ai 
together barren and dry. 


| The Time. 
It flourethand feedeth in Iune,uly,and Au- 
guit, and it is then to be gathered and laid vp. 


q The Names. 


It is called of the later Herbarifts Saluéa agre- 
fis : of diuets alfo Ambrofias but true Ambrofia, 
which is Oke of €appadocia, differs from this, 
Valerius Cordus names it Scordonia, or Scorodonia, 
and Scordium alterum, Ruellins faith it is called 
Bofcifaluia,or Saluta Bofct-in high Dutch, woaldt 
falbep + in Englith,wilde Sage,wood Sage,and. 
Garlicke Sage. 

Tt feemeth to be Theophraftis his apanie,Spha- 
celus, which is alfo taken for the {mall Sage, but 
notrightly, 


@| The Temperature. 
Wilde Sage is of temperature hotand drie, 


yet leffe than common Sage ; therefore it is hot 
and dry in the fecond degree. 


q The Vertues. 


A Itiscommended againf burftings,dry beatings, and again wounds :the decoGtion thereof 
is giuen to them that fall, and are inwardly bruifed : italfo prouoketh vrine. 
B Some likewife give the decodion hereof to drinke, with good fucceffe, ro them that are infe- 
- ry ay a ner SO . ata 
&ted with the French Pox ; for it caufeth fweat, drieth vp vlcers, digefteth humors, wafteth away 
and confumeth fivellings,ifit be taken thirtie or forty dayes together, or put into the decoétion 
of Guiacum, in ftead of Epithymum and other adiutories belonging to the faid decoétion. 


4 The figure which was formerly here was of Calamintha montana pra Pantior of Lobel 


Cuar. 216. Of Eye-bright. 
@| The Defcription, 
Eres ot Eye-bright isa fmall low herbe not aboue two handfuls high, full of branches, co- 


uered with little blackith leaues dented or fhiptabout the edges like a faw:the floures are 


{mall 


Lis: 2. 


ee 


| 
) therewith. Theroot is {mall and hairie. 
| Enphrafia. 
Eye-btight. Bo ) 
cu abr St Loe of pau AKA S 


| Eye-bright ftamped and layd vpon the eyes, or the iuyce thereof mixed with white Wine, and B 


{mall and white, fprinkled and poudered onthe inner fi 


de, with yellow and purple {petks mixed 


@ The Place. 


This plant growes in dity medows,in green 
and graffic wayes and paftures ftanding a- 
gain{t the Sunne. 

The Time, 

Eye-bright beginneth to floure in Augutt 
and continueth vnto September, arid mutt be 
gathered while it floureth for phyficks vfe; 

G The Names. 

It is commonly called Euphrafia, as alfo 
Euphrofjne; notwithftanding there is another 
Euphrefyne,viX Buglofie : it is called of fome 
Ocularss, & opbthatmica of the effeé : in high- 
Dutch, Augen troft$ in low-Dutch, Dogher 
ftooft’s in Italian, Spanith,and French, Eufra- 
fia,after the Latine name: in Englith, Eye: 
bright, 

@ The Nature. 

This herbe is hot and dry,but yet more hor 

than dry. 


gq TheVertues; 


Itis very much commended for the eyes. A 


Being taken it felfe alone, or any way elfe, it 
pteferues the fight, and being feeble and loft 
itreftores the fame : it is giuen moft fitly be- 
ing beaten into pouder; oftentimes a like 
quantitie of Fennel {ced is added thereto,and 
alittle mace, to thewhich is put fo much fus 
garas the weight of themall commeth to, 


| dropped into the eyes, or the diftilled water, taketh away the darkneffe ‘and dimneffe of the eyes, 
: 


| and cleareth the fight. 


Three parts of the pouder of Eye-bright, and one part of miaces mixed therewith, taketh away © 
all hurts from the eyes, comforteth the memorie, and cleareth the fight, ifhalfe a fpoonfull be ta- 
| ken euery morning fafting witha cup of white wine. 


1 t r 5 
}_ Thatwhich was formerly here fer farth in the fecond place vnder the title of Exphrafiz carrules Tahern. was deferibed by our Authour amongtt the Scorpion 
| gtatfes, in the third place, Chaps 54. and the Ggureis pag: 338+ vnder che title of Myofaris S corpioides palteftre. 


: ~Cuar. 217. Of “Marierome. 


@| The Defcription, 


z Weet Marjerome is a low and fhrubby plant, ofawhiti(h colour and maruellous fweet 
{mell,a foot or fomewhat morehigh. The ftalkes are flender, and parted into diuers 
branches , about which grow forth little leaves foft and hoaric : the Houres grow at the 


top in fealy or chaffie {piked eares, ofa white colour like vnto thofeof Candy Organy. The root is 
compact of many {mall threds. Thewhole plant and cuerie part thereof is ofa moft pleafant tatte, 


and aromaticall {mell, and perifheth atthe firft approch of Winter. ie: 
«2 Pot Maricrome or Winter Maierome hath many threddy tough roots, from which rife im- 
mediately diuers fmall branches, whereonare placed fuch leaues as the precedent, but not fo hoa- 


f ay : Pec nipee ae i. Sg 
rie, nor yet fo fweet of fimell, bearing at the top of the branches tufts of white floures tending t 


| . saya? N inter - whereupon 
purple. ‘The whole plant is of long continuance, and keepeth greene all the Winter ; whercupor 


our Englifh women haue called it, and that very properly, Winter Maricrome. ce 
3 Maricrome Gentle hath many branches tifing from a threddy root,whereupon do grow fo 


r.3 


it 


i t as ftand< 2 e ftalks, 
and fiveet finelling leaues of an ouerworne ruffet colour, The floures fland at the top of th 


compact 


x a rp 
Of the Hiftory of Plants, 663 


Of the Hiftory of Plants, | Liz. 2. 


664 


y Marieranamaior. 2 Mariorana maior Anglica, 
Great fweet Marierome. Pot Marierome. 


uh i 3 <Mariorana tennifolia. compact of diuers final! chaffie feales, of a white 
; | Marierome gentle, colour tending t@ abluth. The whole plant is al- 
\ togetlicr like the great fweet Maricrome, faning 
; H that it is altogether leffer, and far fweeter, wherein 
; efpecially confifteth the difference. 
i 


~ 4 _ Epimaiorana is likewifea kind of Marierome, 
differing not ftom the laft deferibed,fauing in that, 
that this plant hath in his naturall country of Can- 
dy, and notelfewhere, fome laces or threds faftned 
voto his branches, fuch, and after the fame manner 
as thofeare that doe grow pon Sauorie, wherein Is 
the difference, z 

@ The Place. 

Thefe plants do grow in Spaine,Italy,Candy,and 
other Iflands thereabout, wilde , and inthe fields ; 
from whence wee haue the feeds forthe gardens of 
our cold countries, : 

q The Time. 

They are fowne in May , and bring forth their 
{caly or chaffie huskes or cares in Auguit. They are 
tobe watered in the middle of the day, when the 
Sunne fhineth hotteft, euen as Bafill fhould be, and 
not in the evening nor morning, as moft Plants 
are, 

G The Names, 

Marierome is called Marioranaand Amaracus,and 
alfo “Marum and Samp(ychum of others : in high- 
Dutch, Mayorats ia Spanith, Mayorava, Mora- 
dux, and Almoradux + in Erench,Mariolaine : in Eng- 
lith, Sweet Maricrome,Fine Maricrome,and Marie- 
rome 


# 


~ 


Lirae2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 3 665 


rome genile ; of the beft fort Marjerane. The pot Marjerome is alfocalled Winter Marjerome, 
Some haue madeadoubtwhether A¢aioranaand Sampfychum beall one ; which doubt, as I rake it, 
is becaufe that Galen maketh a difference betweenc them, intreating ofthem apart, and attributeth 
toecither ofthem theiroperations. But CAmaracus Galeni is Parthenium, or Feuerfew. Diofcorides 
likewife witneffeth, that fome docall Cdmaracus, Parthenium ; and Galen in his booke of the fa- 


- Amaracus. Pliny inhis 21 booke,chap.2. witnefleth,that Diocles the phyfition,and they of Sici- 
ly did call that Amaracus, which the gyptians and the Syrians did call Sampfjchum. ’ 
Virgil in the firfk booke of his #zerdos (heweth, that Amaracuz isa Chrub bearing floures, wri- 
ting thus: 
Vbi mollis Amaracus illum 
Ploribus, & dulci afpirans complectitur umbra. 


_ Likewife Catallusin his Epithalamium, or mariage fong of fulia and Mallius faith, 


Cinge tempora floribus 
Suaue olentis Amaraci. 


Compatfle the temples of the head with floures, 
Of Amarac affording fweete fauours. 


Notwithitanding it may not feeme ftrange, that Majorane is vied in ftead of Samp/ychum, {eeing 
| that in Galenstime alfo Marum was inthe mixture of the ointment called Amaracinum Ung Ment iM, 
in the place of Samp/ychum, as he himfelfe witneffeth in his firtt booke of counterpoifoxs, 
une - iM The T emperature, 
They are hot and dry inthe feeond degree; after fome copies, hot and dry in the third. 
a i | The Kertues, 


way toyour beft liking ; put vp into the nofthrils it prouoketh fheefing, and draweth forth much 
baggage flegme :.iteafeth the togth-ache being chewed in the mouth; being drunke ir prouoketh 
vrine,and draweth away waterifh humors,and is vfed in medicines againft poifon, 

The Jeaues boiled in waterjand the decodion drunke, helpeth them that are entering into the 
dropfiezit eafeth them’ that are trotbled with difficultie of making water, and fuch as ategiuen to 
ouermuch fighing, and eafeth the patnes of the belly. 
The leaues dried and pele with hony, and giuen, diffolucth congealed or clotted blood,and 
putteth away blacke aifd Blew markes after ftripes and brufes,being applied thereto. 

The leanes are excel fent good tobe put into all odorifcrous dintments, waters,pouders, broths, 
and meates. yg 

The dried leaues poudered,and finely fearched,are good to be put into Cerores,or Cere-cloths 
and ointments, profitable againtt colde fwellings, and members out of joint. 

There is an excellent oile to be drawne forth of thefe'hetbes, good againtt the fhrinking of 
finewes, crampes, convulfions, and all aches proceeding ofa olde caufe, 


Cuar.218 Of wilde <M, arjerome. 


| The Defeription. 


I Aftard Marjerome groweth ftraighs vp with little round ftalkes of a reddith colour, full 
of branches,a foot high and fomerymes higher, The leaues be broad, more long than 
round, of a whitish greene colouty on the top of the branches ftand long {pikie fcaled 
( €ares, out of which fhoot forth little white floures like the flouring of wheate. The whole plant 
iis ofa fweete fmell,and fharpe biting tafte. 
_ 2. Thewhite Organy, or baftard Marjerome with white floures, differing kttle from the pre- 
¢ cedent,but in colour and ftature. This plant hath whiter and broader leaues,and alfo much higher, 
‘ wherein confifteth the difference, 
3. Baftard Marjerome of Candy hath many threddy roots ; fromi which rife vp diuers weake 
aand feeble branches trailing vpon the ground,fet with faire greene leaues,not vnlike thofe of Pen- 
(ny Royall, but broader and fhorter: at the top of thofe branches ftand fealie or chaffic eares of a 
| purple colour. The whole plant ts ofa moft pleafant fweet fimell, The root endured in my garden 
K a 


and 


culties of fimple medicines, doth in no place make mentionof Partheninm, but by the hame of 


: 
Sweete Marjerome is a remedy againit cold difeafes of the braine and head, being taken any A 


B 


Cc 
D 
E 
F 


Lite. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 667 


and the leaues alfo greene all this winter long,1597.although it hath been faid that it doth perith 
at the firft froft,as fweete Marjerome doth. 
4 Englith wilde Marjcromeis exceedingly well knowne to all, to haue long, ftiffe, and hard 
§ ftalkes of two cubits high, fer with leaues like thofe of fiveet Marjerome, but broader and greater 
© ofaruffet greene colour,on the top of the branches ftand tufts of purple floures, compofed of ma. 
ny fmall ones fet together very clofely vmbell fafhion, The root ereepeth in the ground,and is 
Jong lafting. 
q The Place. 

Thefe plants do grow wilde in the kifigdome of Spaine, Italy, and other of thofe hot regions. 
The laft of the foure doth grow wilde in the borders of fields, and low copfes, in moft places of 
England. 

The Time. 
They floure and flourifh in the Sommer moneths, aftetward the feed is perfected. 
The Names. 

Baftard Marjerome is called in Greeke,:edans;and that which is furnamed Heracleoticum, éetyavr 
spartan: Of divers it is called Cunila:in fhops,Origanum Hifpanicum, Spanith Organy : our Euglifh 
wilde Marjerome is called in Greeke of Déoftorides, Galen,and Pliny, Onitis,of fome, Agrioriga- 
num, or Syluefire Origanum : in Italian, Ovigauo - in Spanith Oregano: in French, Mariolaine ba- 
| ffarde : in Englith, Organc, baftard Marjerome: and that of ours,wilde Marjerome, and groue 


| Marjerome. 


@ The Temperature. 


Allthe Organies do cut, attenuate, or make thin, dry, and heate, and that in the third degree ; 

| and Galen teacheth that wilde Marjerome is more forceable and of greater ftrength , notwithftan- 

ding Organy of Candy which is brought dry out of Spaine (whereof I havea plant in my garden) 
is more biting thanany of the reft, and of greateft heate. 
q The Vertues. 


reth themthat haue drunke Opium, or the juice of blacke poppy, or hemlockes,efpecially if it be 
giuen with wine and raifons of the funne. 
| The decoétionof Organy prouoketh vrine, bringeth downe the monethly courfe, and is giuen 
with good fucceffe to.thofe that haue the dropfie. 

It is profitably vfed ina looch, or a medicine to be licked,againft an old cough and the ftuffing 
of the lungs. 

Ithealeth fcabs, itches, and fcuruineffe,being vfed in bathes,and it taketh away the bad colour 
which commeth of the yellow jaundice. 
 Theweight ofa dram taken with meade or Lonied water,draweth forth by stoole blacke and 
| filtl’y humors, as cae and Pliny write. 

The juice mixed with a little milke, being pouted into the cares, mitigateth the paines 

thereof. 

The fame mixed with the oile of Zveos, or the rootes of the white Florentine floure de luce,and 

drawne vp into the nofthrils, draweth downe water and flegme:the herbe ftrowed vpon the ground 
| driueth away ferpents. 

The deco4ion loofeth the belly ,and voideth choler,and drunke with vineger helpeth the infir- 
| mities of the fpleene,and drunke in wine helpeth againft all mortal! polfons, and for that caufe ic 
_ isput into mithridate and treacles prepared for that purpofe. 
| Thefe plants are cafie to be taken in potions, and therefore to good purpofe they may be vfed 
| and miniftred vnto fuch as catinot brooke their meate, and to fuch as haue a fowre and fgamifh 
| and watery ftomacke,asalfoagaintt the fivouning of the heart. 


t Thefecond andthird fioures were formerly tran{pofed. 


Cuar. 219. Of Goates Marjerome,or Organy. 
| @ The Defcription. 


| I He ftalkes of Goates Organy are flender,hard and wooddy, of ablackith colour;where- 
| on are fet long leaues, greater than thofe of the wilde Time, fweete of fell, rough, 
and fomewhat hairy. The floures be fmal!,and grow out of little crownes.or wharles round about 

the top of the ftalkes, tending toa purple colour. The root is {mal} and threddy. 
Kkk 2 2 Carolus 


Organy giuen in wine is a remedy againft the bitings,and ftingings of venomous beafts,and cu- A 


Of the Hiftorie of Plan 


i P 
} 1 Tragoriganum Dod, 
iG 


£ 3 Tragoriganum Cretenfe. 
Candy Goats Marierome, 


wy 


} gn Si 1, 
Up RES 
: Te. (eX 


ak Cie 
Ge i 


HS, 
My [Ul a) 


OEE es 


Lis 2. OF the Hiftorie of Plants. 


2 Carolus Glufius hath fet forth inhis Spanith Obferuations another fort of Goats Maricrome 


growing vp like a {mall fhrub : the leaues are longer and more hoarie thaswilde Maricrome, and 
alfo narrower, ofa hot biting tafte, but of a {weet fmell, though not very pleafant. The floures do 
ftand at the top of the ftalkes in fpokierundles, of a white colour. The root is thicke and wooddy, 

This differs little in forme and magnitude from the laft deferibed, but the branches are 
of a blacker colour, with rougher and darker coloured leaues : the floures alfoare leffer, and of a 
purple colour. Both this.and the afk deferibed continue alwaies greene.but this laft is ofamuch 
mote fragrant {mell. This floutes in March, and was found growing wilde by Clufius in the fields 
of Valentia : hecalls it Tragoriganum Hilpanicum tertium. Pena and Lobe! call it Tragoricanum Cres 
tenfe apud Venetas ; that is, the Candy Goats Maricrome of the Venetians. $ 

@| The Place. 

Thefe plants grow wilde in Spaine, Italy, and other hot countries. The firft of thefe I found 
growing in divers barren and chalky fields and high-wayes neere vnto Sittingburneand Rochetter 
in Kent, and alfo neere ynto Cobham houfe and Southfleet in the fame county. 

+ Idoubtour Authorwas miftaken, for I haue not heard of this growing wildewith vs. + 

@| The Time, 

They floure in the moneth of Auguft. Iremember (faith Dodonews) that I haue feene Tragori- 
ganum in the Low-countries, in the gardens of thofe that apply their whole ftudy tothe knowledge 
of plants , or as we may fay, in the gardens ofcunning Herbarifts. 

gq The Names. 

Goats Organic is called in Greeke reaver: in Latine likewile Trdgoriganum:in Englith, goats 

Organie, and Goats Maricrome. 


gq The Temperature. 
Goats Organiesare hot and dry inthe third degree : They are (faith Gale) of a binding qua- 
litie. 
q The Vertues. 
Tragoriganum or Goats Marierome is very good againft the wamblings of the ftomacke,and the 


foure belchings ofthe fame, and ftayeth the defire to vomit, efpecially at fea. 
Thefe baftard kindes of Organie or wilde Mar 


eromes haue the fame force and faculties that 
the other Organies haue for the difeafes mentioned in the fame chapter. 


sof Tragoriganum of 


tT There were formerly two figures in this chapter 5 the firit whereof was of that which is defcribed in the {econd place: : 
me would haue all onc with 


Matthiolus, whereof here isno mention made, The figure of che Fragoriganum alterum of Lobel (which as 1 hauc formerly faid, 
that of Dodoneus) was formerly vnder the name of Phymum Creticum, pag 459-0f the former editlon. 


Cuapr. 220. Of Herbe Maflicke. 


gq The De [cription. 


ba He Englith and French herbarifts at this day do in their vulgar tongues call this herb 
Mafticke or Mattich taking this name Marum of Maro King of Thrace ; though fome 
rather fuppofe the name corfuptly to bederiued from this word G4maracws, the One 
lant being fo like the other, chat many Jearned haue taken them tobe onc and the felfe fame 
plant : others haue taken Marum for Sampfuchus, wi ich doubtleffe is a kinde of Marierome. Some 
(as Dodonaus ) hauc called this our Marw by thename of Clinopodium ; which name rather belongs 
toanother plant than to Malticke. = ihis grees fome foot high,with little longith leaues fer 
by couples : at the tops of the fta!kes amoiiy it white downie heads come little white floures ; the 
whole plant is of a very fweet and pleating fmell, ¢ 
2 Ifany be defirous to fearch for the true Ma*wm, let them be affured that the plant laft men- 
tioned is the fame : but ifany do doubt thereof, for nouelties fake here is prefented vnto your view 
a plant of the fame kinde (which cannot be reietéd) for a fpeciall kind thereofwhich hatha moft 
pleafant fent or fmell, and in thew refembleth Maricrome atid Orizanum, confifting of {mal twigs 
afootand more long ;theheads tufted like the common Marierome ; but the Jeaues are leffe, and 
like Myrtws : theroot 1s ofa wooddy fubftance,with many ftrings hanging thereat. 

There is another kinde hereof fet forth by Zobel, which I haue notas yet feen, not himfelfc 
hath well deferibed, which I leaue to'a better confideration. + Thoughour Authour‘:new 
not how to defcribe this creeping Marunof Lobel, yet no queftion, if be had knowne fo mugh, he 
would haue giuenvs the figure thereof as wel in this place,as in the third place of the next chapter 

Kkk 3 for 


669 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lise2. 


I Marum, } 2 Marums yiriactne . 


Herbe Mafticke; Affyrian Mafticke, 


t 3 Marum Supinum Lobelj, 
Creeping Mafticke, 


I ; | 
q: . fy { 
i oi'} 
; ; H 
He i "y 
i of 
te i 


for a Penny-Royall ; and might as well here as there, and much more fitly haue ventured ata de 
{cription. But thatwhich is defe@iue in him and Lobel, I will endeauour to fupply out of Cefal- 
pinus. Thisplant hath many creeping branches like to thofe of wilde Time, but fetwith w 
and fhorter leaues like to thofe of the fmaller Marjerome, but fomewhat narrower: the floures 
grow inrundles amongft the leaues, as in Calamint, and are of a purple colour : the whole plantis 
of a ftrong and fweet {mell, and ofan hot and bitter tafte. Cefalpinus thinkes this to be the Samp- 
fichum of Diofcorides . and fo alfo do the Authors of the 4duerfaria, Tabernamontanus calls it Ma- 
rumrepens. + 


q The Place. : i 
Thefe plants are {et and fowne in the gardens of England,and there maintained with great care 


and diligence from the iniurie of our cold clymate. ’ 
e Tc 


Lananl Of the Hiftory of Plants. 671 


aq The Time. 
They floure about Auguft, and fomewhat later in cold Sommers. 

q The Names, 
+ Mafticke is called of the new writers Maram: and fome,as Lobeland Anguillara thinke it the 
Helenium odorum of Theophraftus. Dodoneus iudges it to be the Clinopodium of Dioftorides . Clufius 
iganum 1,and faith he receiued the feeds thereof by thename of W4mbradul- 


makes ithis Trager, 


CBOE 
q The Nature, 


Thefe plants are hot and drie in the third degree. 
The Vertues, 


Diofcorides writeth, that the herbe is drunke,and likewife the deco&ion thereof, againft thebi- a 
tings of venomous beafts, crampes and convulfions,burftings and the ftrangurie, 
The decoction boiled inwine tillthe third part be confumed,and drunke,ftoppeth the laske in B 


them that haue an ague,and vato others in water, 


{ That we here give you in the third place was formerly ynfitly figuredinthe third place of the enfhing Chapter by thename of Palegiuma Anzuftifolinms 


Cuar, 221, Of Penne Royallsor pudding graffe. 


} 2 Puleginum mas, 


Vpright Pennie Royall. 


t+ 1 Puleciumrecium., 
Pennie Royall a 
. 
oe 


Mov hw 


1 


| The Defcription. 


I i ara reginm vuleatum is fo exceedingly well knowne to all our Enelith Nation, that 
itneedeth no defeription,being our comiion Pennie Royall. 

i 2 The fecond being the male Pennie Royall is like vnto the former,in leaues, floutes 
and {mell, and differeth in that this male kinde groweth vpright of himfelfe without creel Ing’ 
much like in thew ynto wilde Marierome, ‘ id 

3 The 


——— ans 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lat pee - 


3 _ The third kinde of Pennie Royall growes like 
t 3 Pulegium anguftifolium, vato Tyme, and is ofa wooddie fubftance,fomewhat 
Narrow Jeafed Pennie Royall. like vnto the thinne leafed Hyfope,of the fauour of 
common Pennie Royall, + bur much ftronger and 
more pleafant: the longith narrow leaues ftand vpon 
the ftalkes by couples, with little leaues commune 
forth of their bofomes : and towards the tops of the 
tranches grow rundles of {mal] purple floures. This 
grows plentifully about Montpellier,and by the Au- 
thors of the Adverfariawho firft fet it forth, itis tti- 
led Pulegium,anguftifol five cevuinum M onfpelien(ium.+ 
@ The Place. ‘ 

The firft and common Pennie Royall groweth na- 
turally wilde in moiftand ouerflown places,as in the 
Common neere London called Miles end,about the 
holes & ponds thereof in fundry places,from whence 
poore women bring plentie to fell in London mar- 
kets;and it groweth in fundrie other Commons necre 

London likewife. 
Halt Hie | The fecond groweth in my garden: the third I haue not as yet feene. 
Ye ate @ The Time. 
| They floure from the beginning of Lune to the end of Auguft. 
bc Hee | ; q The Names, 
iwtt Pennie Royall is called in Greeke vi,ex,and oftentimes 4 - in Latine, P uleginm,and Puleginm 
a regale,for difference fake betweene itand wilde Tyme,which of fome is called Pulegiuin montanum : 
i! ei in Tealian,Pule gio i in Spanith,Poleo in Dutch, Bolep in French, Pouliot : in Englith,Pennie Roy- 
i ig all,Pudding graffe, Puliall Royall,and of fome Organic, 
} 
1 
| 


| The Nature. 


Pennie Royall is hot and drie in the third degree,and of fubtill parts,as Galen faith. 
The Vertues. 
i A Pennie Royall boiled in wine and drunken, prouoketh the monthly termes,bringeth forth the fe- 
i condine,the dead childe and vnnatural] birth : it prouoketh vrine,and breaketh the ft one,efpecial- 
: ly ofthe kidneies. 
i 1 Pennie Royall taken with honie clenfeth the lungs, and cleereth the breaft from all groffe and 
thicke humours. 
The fame taken with honie and Aloes, purgeth by ftoole melancholie humours ; helpeth the 
crampe and drawing together of finewes. 
The fame takenwith water and Vineger affwageth the inordinate defire to vomite,& the pains 
of the ftomacke. 
If you haue when you are at the fea Pennie Royal in great quantitie drie,and caft it into corrupt 
water,it helpeth it much,neithey will ic hurt them that arake thereof. 
A Garland of Pennie royall made and worne about the head is of great force againft the fwim- 
ming inthe head,the paines and giddineffe thereof, 
The decoétion of Pennie Royall is very good againft ventofitic, windineffe,or fuch like,and a- 
{i gainft the hardnes & {topping of the mother being vfed ina bathor ftew for the woman to fit ouer, 


. ‘ 


a i 1 Os 


of) 


J Icisapparant by the titles and deferiptions thatour Anthour in this chapt@ followed Lobel butthe figures were not aareeable to the hiftorie, forthe two firlt 


“ eta figures were of the Puleginm Anguftifolum defcribed in the third places and the third figure was ofthe Maram fupium deteribed in che lult place of the foregoing 
i ! Chapter, 
/ pter. 


iia Cuar. 222. Of Bajill. 


Sean 4 | The Deféription. 
ee VA | I Arden Bafillis of two forts, differing one from another in bigneffe, The firft hath 
| Wel broad,thicke,and fat leaues,ofa pleafant fweet fmell,and of which fome one hereand 
A there are of a black reddith colour,fomewhat {nipped about the edges, nor vnlike the 
1 Jeaues of French Mercurie. ‘The ftalke eroweth to the height of halfeacubite,diuiding it elf in- 
bight to diuers branches,whereupon doe ftand fmall and bafe floures fometimes whitifh, and often ten- 
i ding toa darke purple. The root is threddie,and dieth at the approch of Winter. 


nN 
Jj 
5 


$ 4. Ocimum Tidicum 


BSS \) 
YAN € SS 


UM. 


Sot 
joes | 8% 
oe aes 
lea jee 
lw /Se 
; oO 


i 


a Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz.2. 


i) 


Ss 


& 


2 The middle Bafill is very like vnto the former,but it is altogether lefler. The whole plant is 
of amoft odoriferous fmell, not vnlike the fmell ofa Limon, or Citron, whereof it tooke his fur- 
name. 

3 Buth Bafilljor fine Bafill, isa low and bafe plant, hauing a threddie root, froth which rife vp 
many fmal] and tender f{talks, branched into diuers armes or boughes,whereuponate placed many 
little leaues,leffer than thofe of Pennie Royall. The whole plant is of a mof pleafing fweete 
fmell. 

+ 4 This which fome call Ocimurn Indicumyox rather(as Camerarivs faith) Hifpanicum, fends 
ypa ftalka foot or more high, foure {quare,and ofa purple colour, fet at each joint with two leaues, 
and out of their bofomescome little branches : the largeft leaues are fome two inches broad,and 
fome three long;growing vpon long ftalks,and deepely cut in about their edges,being alfo thicke, 
fat and iuicie, and citherofa darke purple colour, or elfe {potted with more or leffe fuch coloured 
{pots. The tops of the branches end in fpokie tufts of white floures with purple veines running a- 
Jong ft them. The feede is contained in fuch feed veffels as that of the other Bafils,and is round, 
blacke and large. The plant perifhes cuery yeare as fooncas it hath perfected the feed.Clufizs calls 
this Ocimum Indicum, t 

The Place. : 

Bafil is fowne in gardens,and in earthen pots.It commeth vp quickly,and loueth little moifture 

except in the middle of the day ; otherwafe ifit be fowne in rainieweather,the feed will putrifie, 
und crow intoa iellie or flime,and come to nothing. 
q| The Time. 

Bafill floureth in Iuneand Iuly, and that by little and little, whereby it is long a flouring, be- 
ginning firft at the top. 

@] The Names. 

Bafill is called in Greeke és. and more commonly with « in the firft fyllable suiw : in Latine, 
Ocimum. Ucdiffereth from Ocymum which fome haue called Cereale as we (faith Dodoneus) haue 
fhewed in the Hiftoric of Graine. The later Gracians haue called it <r: in fhops likewife Ba- 
(ilicum, and Reginm : in Spanith, Albahaca : in French, Bafilic: in Englith,Bafill garden Bafill, the 
greater Bafill Royall the leffer Bafill gentle,and bush Bafill. of fome,Bafilicum Gariophyllatum, ox 
Cloue Bafill. 

@| The Tenperature. 

Bafill, as Galenteacheth, is hot in the fecond degree, but it hath adioined with it a fuperfluous 
moifture, by reafonwhereof he doth not like that it fhould be taken inwardly, but being applied 
outwardly, it is good to digeft or diftribute,and to concoct, 
q The Vertues. 

Diofcorides faith that if Bafil be much eaten,it dulleth the fight,it mollifieth the belly,breedeth 
winde,prouoketh vrine, drieth vp milke,and is ofa hard digeftion. 

The iuice mixed with fine meale of parched Barly, oile of rofes and Vineger,is good againft in- 
flammations,and the ftinging of venomous beatts. 

Theiuice drunke in wine of Chios or {trong Sacke,is good againft head ache, 

The iuice clenfeth away the dimmeneffé of the eyes,and drieth vp the humour that falleth into 
them, 
The feededrunkeis aremedie for melancholicke people, for thofe that are fhort winded, and 
them that can hardly make water. 

Ifthe fame be fhift vp in the nofe,it caufeth oftenneefing : alfo the herbe it felfe doth the fame. 

There be that fhunne Bafill and will not cat thereof, becaufe that ifit be chewed and laid in the 
Sun, it ingendreth wormes. 

They of A fricke do alfo affirme, that they who are ftung of the Scorpion and haue eaten of it, 
fhall feele no paine at all, 

The Later writers,among whom Simeon Zethy is one, doe teach, that the fmell of Bafill is good 
for theheart and forthe head, That the feede cureth the infirmities of the heart.taketh away for- 
rowfulneflewhich commeth of melancholy,and maketh a man merry and glad. 


Cuar? 


Of the Hiftory of Plants; 


: Cuar, 223. Of wilde Baill, 
q The Defcription. 


I 4 wilde Bafil or Acynosjcalled of Pena,Clinopodinm vulgare,hath {quate hairie ftems,be= 

fet with little leaues like vnto the fall Bafil, but much fmaller,and more hairie,fharp 

| pointed,and.a little fnipt towards the end-of the leafe,with {mall floures of a purplecolour, fathi- 

___ oned like vnto the garden Bafill. The root is full of hairie threds and creepeth along the ground, 

and f{pringeth vp yearely anew of it felfe without fowing. ¢ This is the clinopodium alterum of Mat- 
thiols. + ; 

2 This kinde of wilde Bafill called amongft the Gracians ¢um,which by interpretation is 
Sine {emine,or Sterilis hath caufed fi undry opinions and great doubts concerning the words of Plinie 
and Theophrastus, affirming that this herbe hath no floures nor feeds , which opinions Iam fureof 

mine owne knowledge tobe without reafon : but to omit controuerfies,this plant beareth purple 
floures,wharled about {quare ftalkes,rough leaues and hairic,verie like in fhape vnto Bafil: t The 
ftalkes are fome cubite and more high, parted into few branches, and fet at certaine {paces with 
leaues growing by couples. This is the Clixopodinm vulgare of Atatthiolws,and that of Cordus; Gef- 
ner, and others ; it isthe Acinos of Lobel. + 
| 3 Serapio and others haue fet forth another wilde Bafill vnder the titleof Molochia ; and Lobel 
| after the minde of John Brancion, calleth it Corcoros which we haue Englithed,Fith Bafill, the feeds 
2 whereof the faid Brancion receiued from Spaine,faying that Corceros Pling hath the leaues of Bafil: 
the ftalkes are two handfuls high,the floures yellow,growing clofe to the ftalkes, bearing his feed 
in {mal Jong cods. The roor is compaét and made of an innumerable companie of ftrings,creeping 
far abroad like running Time. ¢ This figure of Lobels which here we giue you is(as Camerarius hath 
obferued)vnperfe &, for it expreffes not the long cods wherein the feed is contained,neither the two 
little ftrings or beards that come forth at the {etting on of each leafe to the ftalke. $ 


I Ocymum fylueftre, 2 Acynos, 
| Wilde Bafill. . Stone Bafill. 
| v Waynes Connros « 


: 


- par ‘ z - 
a a es ee = = 


i iy 


676 


£ 3 Corchoros. 
Fith Bafill. : 
Corchoax LS okfon 1A iS, 


t6 Clinopodium Alpinum . 
, Wilde Bafill ofthe Alpes. 
/) iss: i 
1) aa \ 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


Lis.2. 


#5 Clinopodium Aafiriacum, 
Auttrian field Bafill, 


~ 4 It maybeour Authour would haue 
deferibed this in the firft place, as 1 conieGture 
by thofe words which he vfed in mentioning the 
place of theirgrowing;and [Clinepodium vnlgare 
growcth ingreat plentie vpon Longfield downs 
in Kent; ] butto this neither figure nor defcrip- 
tion did agree, wherefore I will giue you the Hi- 
ftorie therof. It fends vp many little {quare ftalks 
fome hand ful and an halfe high, feldome diuided 
into branches: at each ioint ftand two {mal gree- 
nith Ieaues, little hairy,and not diuided or fnipt 
about the edges, and much like thofe of the next 
defcribed, as you fee them expreft in the figure : 
the little hollow and fomewhat hooded floures 
grow in roundles towards the tops of the ftalkes, 
as inthe firft defcribed,and they are ofa blewith 
violet colour. The feeds I hauenot yet obferued: 
the root is fibrous and wooddie,and lafts for ma- 
ny yearcs. The whole plant hatha pretty pleafing 
butweake fmell, It floures in Iuly and Augutt. I 
firft obferued it Avvo 1626, a litrle onthis fide 
Pomfret in Yorkfhire, and fince by Datford in 
Kent,and in the Ile of Tenet. Ihaue fometimes 
feene it btought to Cheapfide market,where the 
herbe women called it Poley mountaine,fome it 
may bee that haue taken it for Poljvm montanum 
mitinforming them ; Clufizs firft cooke notice of 
this plant,and called it Acinos Anclicum, finding it 
growing in Kent, dane, 15 8 1.and he thinkes it to 


be 


ie, 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


to his Acinos are fet downe at 


bethe Acinos of Diofcorides:now the vertues attributed by, Diofcorides 
the end of the chapter vnder the letter B. 

5 .This which Clufivs hath alfo fet forth by the name ef Clizopad:i, or Acinos Auftriacumdoth not 
much differ from the laft defcribed, for it hath tender {quare hard ftalkes like thofe of the lat 


697 


defcribed, fetalfo with two leaues at each joint, heereand therea little faipt (which isomitred ~ 


in the figure) the floures etow onely at the tops of the ftalkes,and thefe pretty laroc,and of a vio. 
fet colour (yet they are fometimes found white:) they hang commonly forward, and at is were 
with there vpper parts turned downe. The feed veffels are like thofe of the first defcribed,and con- 
taine cach of them foure little blacke feeds : This foures in May,and the feed is ripe in Iune: It 
growes about the bathes of Badon and in diuers places of Auftria. 

6 Pena alfo hath giuen vs knowledge of another, that from a fibrous root fends vp many qua- 
drangular rough branches, of the height of the two former, fer alfo with two leaues at each joint, 
and thef¢ rough and lightly faipt about the edges ; the floures grow thicke together at the tops 
of the ftalkes ofa darke red colour,and in fhape like thofe of the mountaine Calaminte. It 
floures in the beginning of Iuly, and Srowes vpon mount Baldus in Italy , Pona fers it forth by the 
name of Clinopodium Aipinum. 

7_. Tothefe I thinke fit to adde another,whofe defcription was fent me by Mr. Goodyer, and I 
queftion whether it may not be the plant which Fabins Colwmmna P hytobafant, pag. 22. fers forth 
by the name of Acinos Disfcoridis,for he makes his to be endued odere fragrantifimo-bur to the 
purpofe, 


Acinos odoratifimum, 
» 

This herbe hath foure, fiue,or more, foure {quare hard wooddy ftalkes growing from one root, 
diuided into many branches, couered with a {oft white hairinefle, two or three foor long or lon- 
Ser,not rowing vpright,but trailing vpon the ground ; the leanes grow on littlevhort footttalkes 
by couples ofa light greene colour, fomewhat like the leaues of Baiill, very like the leaues of Aci- 
vos Lobelij but {maller,about three quarters of an inch broad,and not fully an inch long, fomewhat 
fharpe pointed, lightly notched about the edges, alfo couered witha light foft hoary hairineffe, 
ofa very fweete fell, little inferiour to Garden Marjerome,ofa hot biting tafte : out of their bo- 
fomes grow other fmaller leaues, or elfe branches ; the floures alfo srow forth of the bofomes 


ofthe leaues toward the tops of the ftalkes and branches, not in whorles like the {aid Acinos, - 


but hauing one little thort footftalke growing forth of the bofome ofeach leafe, on which is pla+ 
ced three, foure,or more finall floures, gaping open, and diuided into foure vnequall parts at the 
top, like the floures of Bafill, and very neare of the likeneffe and bigneffe of the Houres of Garden 
Marjerome, but ofa pale blewith colour tending towards a purple. The feed I neuer obferued by 
reafon it floured late. This plant I fir found growing inthe Garden of M*. William Yalden in 
Sheete neere Peterffield in Hamp hire, 4nn0 1620. amongtt fweete Marjerome,and which by 
chance they bought with the feedes thereof. Itis tobe confidered whether the feedes of fiveete 
Marjerome degenerate and fend forth this herbe or not. - 11. October, 1621. Zohn Goodyer, + 


@ The Place, 


The wilde kindes doe grow vpon grauelly grounds by water fides, and efpecially I found the 
three laft in the barren plaine by an houfe in Kent two miles from Dartford, called Saint Iones, 
in a village called Sutton; and Clinopodinm vulgare sroweth in great plentic vpon Long field 
downes inKent. + One ofthe three lat ofour Authors defcription is omitted,as you may finde 
noted atthe end of the chapter : yet I cannot be perfuaded that euer he found any of the foure he 
defcribed ener wilde in this kingdome, vnleffe the fecond,which growesplentifully in Autumne 
almoft by every hedge :alfo the fourth being of my defcription growes neere Dartford and inma. 
ny fuch dry barren places in fundry parts of the kingdome. + 
@] The Time. 

Thefe herbes floure in lune and Iuly. 
q The Names, 
Vnprofitable Bafil or wilde Bafill is called by fome Clinopodium. 
@ The Nature. 
The feed of thefe herbes are of complexion hot and dry. 
G The Vertues, 

Wilde Bafill pound with wine appeafeth the paineof the eyes,and the juice doch mundife the 
fame,and putteth away all ob{curity.and dimneffe,all catarrhes and flowing humors that fall into 
the cies, being often dropped into the fame. ! 

LI Reg tt 


A 


678 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Eye. a 


B + The ftone Bafill howfocuer it be taken floppeth the laske,and courfes , and outwardly ap- 
plied it helpes hot Tumors and inflammations. 
+ Thefe plants are good forall fuch effects as require moderate heate and aftrition. + 


The figure that was formerly in the third place ofthis chapter was ofthe Calamentha Ocymoides of Talesnemontay us, and it was deferibed by our Authourin 
the fourth place of the next chapter fave one, and there you fhall finde it = the defeription feemes tobe of the Oawoides repens Pchigen:filio of the ceduerfaria 
formerly deferibed by me in the fitch p ace of the 128. chipter ot this bocke § if that the place and flowes in the omitted def. ription of cy Author did nos feeme 
tovary : howcuer I judge itthe fame and therefore haue heere excluded it, 


Cia Dex aca. 


q The Defcription. 


I He firft kinde of Ocymaftrum,called of Dodoneus, V aleriana rubra, bringeth forth long 

and brittle ftalkes two cubits high,{ull of knots or joints, in which place is joined 

Jong leaues much like vnto great Bafill, but greater, broader, and larger, or rather like the Ieaues 

of Woade, At thetopofthe ftalkes do grow very pleafant and long red floures, of the fafhion 

of the Houres of Valerian, which hath caufed Dodowaus to call this plant red Valerian; which 

being patt, the feedes are caried away with the winde being,few in number, and little in quantity, 

fo that without great diligence the feed is not to be gathered or preferued : for my felfe haue of- 

ten indeuoured to fee it,and yet haue loft my labour. The roote 1s very thicke,and ofan excellent 

fiveete fauour. 


1 Valerianavubra Dodonai. 2 Behen album. 
Red Valerian. Ai a Spatling poppy. , 
1 oferiamo— Res ALN AAAAS, We yon ES x Deng wt od 


2 The fecond is taken for Spummenm papaner,in refpe& of that kinde of frothy fpattle,or fpume 
which we call Cuckow fpittle, that more aboundeth in the bofomes of the Jeaues of thefe plants, 
than in any other plant that is knowne:forwhich caufe Pena calleth it Papaver (pumenm, that 
is,frothy,or fpatling Poppy : his floure doth very little refemble any kinde of Poppy, but onely 
the fecde and cod, or bowle wherein the feede is contained, otherwife it is like the other Ocyma- 

frum ; 


679 


Linz. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Jirum ; the floures grow at the gop of the ftalkes hanging downewards,of a white coloursand it is 
taken generally for Behen album : the roote is white, plaine, and long, and very toughand hard to 
breake. 

© The Place, . 

The firft groweth plentifully in my garden, being a grteatornament to the fame, and not com 
mon in England. : 

The fecond groweth almoft in ecuery pafture. 

| The Time. 

Thefe plants do floure from May to the end of Auguft. 

; q The Names. ‘ 

Red Valerian hath beene fo called of the likeneffe of the flouresand poked rundles with Vales 
tian; by which name we had rather haue it called,than rafhly to lay vpon itan vnproper name, There 
are {ome alfo who would haue itto be akinde of Behen of the later Herbarifts naming the fame 
Behen rabrum,for difference between it and the other Behenalbum,that of fome is called o cyimaftrun, 
and Papauer fbumeum : which I haue Englifhed,Spatling Poppie,and is in truth another plant,much 
differing from Behen of the Arabians: it is alfocalled Valerianthon,Saponariaaltera,Struthium Aldrox 
andi,and Condurdum : in Englith,red Valerian,and red Cow Bafill. 

Spatling Poppicis called Behe album, 0 cymaftrum alterum , of fome, Polemonium, and Papauer 
jpumenm : in Englith, Spatling Poppie,frothie Poppie,and white Ben. 

@ The Nature. 

Thefe plants are drie in the fecond degree. 

gq. The Vertues. 

The root of Behen Album drunke in wine, is good againft the bloudie fluxe : and beeing pound 
leaues and floures, and laid to,cureth the ftingings of Scorpions and fuch like venomous beatts ; 
infomueh that who fo doth hold the fame in his hand, can receiue no damage or hurt by any veno- 
mous Deait. 


A 


‘The decoSion of the root made in water and drunke, prouoketh vrine, it helpeth the ftrangutie, B 


and paineS about the backeand Huckle bone. 


J Thatwhich was formerly here fet forth in the third place by the name of Ocyma(trtem multifisrumsis nothing elfe but the Lychnis/ylueflris alba multiplex, which I 
haue deferibed smongit the reft of the fame kindein the 328.€haprer of this booke, 


Cuap, 225: Of Minis. 


q The Kindes, 


Herebe diuers forts of Mints; fome of the garden; other wilde,or of the field ; and alfo fome 
’ of the water. 


gG The Defiription. 


I eae firft- tame or garden Mint commeth vp with ftalkes foute {quare, ofan obfcure red 
colour fomewhat hairie, which are couered with round leaues nicked in the edges likea 
faw,ofadeepe greene colour : the floures are little and red,and grow about the ftalkes circle-wife, 
as thofe of Pennie Royall : the roote creepeth aflope in the ground, hauing fome firings on it, and 
now and then in fundry places it buddeth out afreth : thewhole herbe is of a pleafant {mell,and it 
rather lieth downe than ftandeth vp. 

2 The fecond is like to the firft in hairie ftalkes fometh ing round; in blackifh leaues, in cree~ 
ping roors,and alfo in {mell,but the floures do nor at all compafie the ftalke about, but ftand vp in 
the tops of the branches being orderly placed in little eares,or rather catkines or aglets, 

3 The leaues of Speare-Mint are long like thofe of the Willow tree,butwhiter,fofter, and 
more hairie:the floures are orderly placed in the tops of the ftalks,and in eats like thofe of the fe- 
cond... The root hereof doth alfo creepeno otherwife than doth that of the firft, vnto which iris 
like. . 

4. There is another fort of Mint which hath long leaues like tothe third in ftalks, yet in leaues 
and in roots leffer ; but the floures hereof ftand not inthe tops of the branches,but compaffe the 
ftalks about circle-wife as do thofe of the firft,which be ofa light purple colour, . 

$ 5 This hath round leaues broader than the common Mint,rounder alfo,and as crifp or cur- 

led as thofe defcribed in the fecond place (of which it feemes buta larger varietie:)the aS are 
; gw foure 


680 _Of tide Hiftorie of Plants. Li am, 


t 1 Menthafativa rubra. 2 Mentha cruciata, fivecrifpa. 
. Red Garden Mints. Croffe Mint, or curled Mint.’ 
Ny eA Wh & UAV Lam 


* ~— Se aes a : ; nian ae at: Sees 
Se ee ed oe ae oe Se ai 


aii 
4) 
to 


+ 3 Mentha Romana. £ 4. Méntha Cardiaca. 
i 5 peareMint. Heart Mint. 
VA 


/henr 


YUrLAAS . Wiruthe yr Les Von, Va 
‘ | , 


Laude Of the Hiftory of Plants. ~~ 681. 


foure {quate, and the floures grow ineares or 


+ 5 Mentha fpicataaltera. {pokie tufts, like thofe of the fecond: + 
Balfam Mint, q The Place. 
Mott vfeto fer Mints in Gardens almoft e- 


tery where. 
q The Time, 


Mints do floure and flourifh in Sommer,in 
‘Winter the roots onely remaine : being once 
fet they continue long, and remaine fure and 
faft in the ground. ° 

«| The Names. 

Mint is called in Greckeiaqueeand poo: the 
{weet {mell faith Pliny inhis 19.booke cap.8. 
hath changed the name among the Grecians 
when as otherwife it fhould be called Mintha, 
from whence our old writers haue deriued the 
name : fori fignifieth {weet,and ies {mel: 
The Apothecaries,Italians,and French men, 
do keepe the Latine name Mentha: the Spa- 
niards do call it Yerua buena, and Ortelana: in 
High Dutch, Hunts 3 in Low Dutch, @pun- 
tes in Englith,Mint. 

The firft Mint is called in High Dutch, 
Diement sin Low Dutch, Baupn heplighe : 
he that would tranflate it into Latin,mutt call 
it Sacranigricans,or the holy blackith mint:in 
Englith, browne Mint; or red Mint. 

The fecond is alfo called in High Dutch 

Asrauts Diement, krauts munts,and krants 
balfam sthatis to fay, Mentha cruciata: in 
French , Beaume crefpu : in Englith, Crofle- 
4 Mint,or curled Mint. 
The thirdis called of diuers Mentha Sarracenica, Mentha Romana: itis called in High Dutch 
Balla munts,Onter fratwen munts, Spitser munts, Spitzer valfam s it may be called Men- 
tha anguftifolia : that is to fay,Mint with the narrow leafe : and in Englith, Speare Mint, common 
garden Mint, our Ladies Mint,browne Mint, and Macrell Mint. 

The fourth is called in High Dutch Hertskraut, as chough itwere tobee named Cardiaca, or 
Cardiaca Mentha: in Englith, Hart-woort,or Heart-mint. ¢ This is the Sifymbrinm fativum of Mat. 
thiolus,and Mentha hortenfis alteraofG efner: the Italians call it Sifembrio domeftico and Balfamita;the 
Germanes, kakenbaltam, + 


q] The Temperature. 

Mint is hot and dric in the third degree.It is faith Galen,fomewhat bitter and harfh,and it is in- 
feriour to Calamint. The fmell of Mint, faith Pliny doth ftir vp the minde,andthe taftetoa greedy 
defire to meat. . 

@ The Fertues, 

Mint is maruellous wholefome for the ftomacke,it ftaieth the Hicketsparbtaking, vomiting & A 
fcowring inthe Cholerike paffion, if it be taken with the ivice of a foure pomegranate. 

It ftoppeth the cafting vp of bloud,being giuenwith water and vineger,as Galen teacheth, B 

And in broth faith P/iay, it ftaieth the floures, and is fingular good againft the whites,that isto © 
fay,that Mint which is defcribed in the fir place. For itis found by experience, that many haue 
had this kinde of flux ftaied by the continuall vfe of this onely Mint:the fame being applied to the 
forehead,or to the temples,as Plizy teacheth,doth take away the headache. 

Itisgood again{t watering cies, and all manner of breakings out in the head.and againft the in- D 
firmities of the fundament,it is a fure remedie for childrens fore heads. $ 

Itis poured into the eares with honie water, It is taken inwardly again{ft Scolopenders,Beare- & 
wormes, Sea-{corpions and ferpents. 

Itis applied with falt to the bitings of mad dogs. It will not fuffer milke to cruddle in the fto- F 
macke ( Pliny addeth to wax foure.) therefore it is put in Milke thar is drunke for feare that thofe 
who haue drunke therpof fhould be ftrangled., 

It is thought,that by the famevertue it is an enemy to generation, by ouerthickning the feed. 

Lil 5 Diofcorides 


“68z. Of the Hiftorie of ‘Plants. Linz 


H_ “ Diofcorides teacheth, that being applied to the fecret part ofa woman before the a@,it hindreth 
conception. 


I Garden Mint taken in meat or drinke warmeth and ftrengtheneth the ftomacke,and drieth vp 
all fuperfluous humours gathered in the fame, and caufeth good digeftion, 


K Mints mingled with the Jeaues of parched Barly,conftumeth tumors and hard fwellings. 

L The water of Mints is of like Operation indiuers medicines, it cureth the trenching and griping 
paines of the belly and bowels, it appeafeth headach,ftaieth yexing and vomiting, 

M __ Itis fingularagain{tthe grauel! and ftone in the kidneies,and againft the ftrangurie, being boi. 

Jed inwineand drunke. : 


N_ They Jay it to the ftinging of wafpes and bees with good fucceffe, 


+ The figures which were formerly in this Chapter were no way agreeable to the defcriptions and names taken forth of Dodonans, The firft was ofthe Calamis- 
tha montana vulgaris of Lobel & Tab. The 2. was of that which is deferibed in the third place, the third was ofthe Mentha Catraria anguftifolia deferbed in che third 
place ofthe next Chapter.The figure agreeing tothe 4. deicription was in the chapter next fauc one afore bythe title of Ocymoides ripéns. 


Cuar. 226. Of Nep,or Cat Mint. 


The Defcription. 

I ‘At Mintor Nep groweth high , it bringeth forth ftal 
Bee ots full of branches: theleaues are broad 
Bawme,or of Horehound,but longer. The floures ar 

compaffe about the vppermoft {prigs, and partly grow on they 


an care or catkin:the root is diuerfly parted and ful of ftrings,and endureth a long time. The whole 
herbe together with the leaues and ftalks is foft, and couered with awhitedowne, butJeffer than 
Horfe-mint,it is ofa fharpe {mel,and pearceth into the head:it hatha hot tafte witha ee: taine bit- 
tr neffe; 

+ 2 Our Authour figured this and defcribed thenext in the fecond place of this Chapter: 
This hath pretty large {quate ftalks,fet at cach iointwith two leaues like thofe of Coftmary,but of 
a gray or Ouetworn colour; th 


t ne floures grow at the tops of the ftalks in long fpokie tufts like thofe 
of the laf defcribed,and of: 


ks aboue a cubit long, cornered, 
nicked in the edges like thofe of 
e of awhitith colour, they partly 
ery top, they are fet ina manner like 


-awhitith colour,the fmel is pleafanter than that of the lait defcribed.£ 
Pei 1 Mentha Felina,feu Cattaria, 2 Mentha Cattariaaltera, 
Ne peror Nep,or Cat-mint. 


Great Cat-mint, 


3 There 


Liss 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


ee — 


3. There is alfo another kind hereof that hatha longer and narrower leafe, and not of fo whi te 
a colour: the ftalkes hereof are foure {quare : the floures be more plentiful, of a red light purple 
colourinclining to blew, {prinkled with little fine purple fpecks : the fmell hereof is ftroncer. but 
the tafte ismore biting. ¢ The figure of this was formerly in the third place of the la(t chapter, i 


T 3 Mentha Cattaria ancuftifolia, | The Place, 
Small Cat-Mint, 
+ The firft growes about the borders of gardens 
and fields, neere to rough bankes, ditches, and 
common wayes: itis delighted with moiftand 
waterie places: it is brought into gardens, 
+ The other too commonly grow in gardens 
with vs. £ wy 


@ The Time. 
The Cat-Mints flourifh by and by after the 
Spring : they floure in Iuly and Auguft, 
The Names, ' 
The later Herbarifts do cal it HerbaCattaria, 
and HerbaCatti,becaufe the Cats are very much 
delighted herewith, for the fel ofit is fo plea- 
fant to them, that they rub themfelues vpon it, 
and wallow or tumble in it, atid alfo feed on the 
branches and leaues very greedily. Itis named 
of the Apothecaries Nepeta : but Nepeta is pro- 
perly called (aswe haue faid) wilde Penny-roy- 
all : inhigh-Dutch, atzer Punts: in Low-, 
Dutch, Gatte centjt $ in Italian, Gattaria,or hers 
ba Gatta:in Spanith, Yerwa Gatera: in Englith; 
Cat Mintand Nep.. ¢ The ttue Nepeta is Cala. 
mintha Pulegy odore. + 
@ The Temperature. 
Nep is of temperature hot and dry, and hath 
the faculties of the €alamints, 
| Thevertues, 
It is commended againft cold paines of the A 
‘ head, ftomacke, and matrix, and thofe difeafes 
that grow of flegme and raw humors, and of winde. It isa prefent lielpe for them that be burften 
inwardly by meanes of fome fall receiued from an high place, and that are very much bruifed , if 
the iuyce be giuen with wine ormede. 
Teisvfed in baths and decoGions for women to fit ouer, to bring downe their ficknefle, andto B 
make them fruitfull, 
£ Itisalfo good againft thofe difeafes for which the ordinarie Mints do ferue and are vied. + Cc 


. 


Cuap, 227.. Of Horfe-Mint or Water Mint. 
«| The Defcription, 


x Ater Mint is a kinde of wilde Mint, it is like to the fitft GatdenM int,the leaves 

VV thereof are round, the ftalkes cornered, both the leaues and ftalkes are of adarke 

red colour : the roots creepe far abroad, but euery part is greater, and the herbe ic 

felfe is ofa ftronger fmell: the floures in the tops of the branches aregathered together into a 
round eare, ofa purple colour. 

t 2 The fecond kinde ofwater Mint in each refpeé is like the others, fauifig that the fame 
hatha more odoriferous fauor being lightly touched with the hand : otherwife being hardly tou- 
ched, the fauour is ouer hot to finell vnto: it beareth his floures in fundry tufts or roundles ingir- 
ting the ftalkes in many places ; and they are ofa light purple colour : the leaues areal fo leffe than 
thofe of the former,and ofan hoary gray colour. * 

¢ 3  Thiscommon Horfe-Mint hath creeping roots like as the other Mints, from which 
proceed ftalkes partly leaning, and partly growing vpright : the leaues are pretty large, aie 
wrinkled, 


683 


PEO SS ae 
= — 


684 Of the Hittorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


t x Mentha aquatica, fine Sifjmbrinm. hz Calamintha aquatica, 

Water Mint. : Water Calamint.  __. . 
VrewANw oc 4 —-. , ANhe iGwe Z 
VM dager sania (Var hb a Sec icacmcacaal - 

) : Thy one - a OUWY? LAALSSLS 


te ee ee oe 


i 
ill 
2 i ] 
11 t 
Mie | $3 Mentaftrum, : £ 4 Mentaflrum nineum Anglicun. 
; Horfe-Mint,, : Party coloured Horfe-Mint. ; 
14 premier, Muito; sylvesties Vardi eh iolou, \j 
j aS” vt 


Ly 
iF 


Lip. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 635 


ay 
— 


| $5 Mentaftrum minus. $6 Mentaftrum montanum 1. Cluffj, i 
| Saal kd rfe-Mint, — Mountaine Horfe-Mi 
| Mr OK pb viliols Vor. é. fet 


) 
Dr 
| are 


£7 Mentaftrum tuberofa radice Clif]. 
Turnep-rooted Horfe-Mint. 


wrinkled, hoary and rough both aboue and be 
low, and lightly fhipped about the edges; phe 
floures grow inthicke compaé eares at the tops 
of the ftalks,and are like thofe of common Mint. 
The whole plant is of a more vnpleafant fent 
than any of the other Mints, It growes in diuers 
wetand moift grounds, and floures in Iune and 
Tuly. This by moft writers is called only Menta: 
ftrum, without any other attribute. 

4 Infomeofour Englifh gardens (as Pena 
and Lobel obferued)growes another Horfe-mint, 
much leffe, and better fmelling than the laft 
mentioned, hauing the leaues partly greene, and 
partly milke white ; yet fometimes the leaues 
are fome of them wholly white, but more, and 
more commonly all greene : the ftalkes, floures, 
and other parts are like thofe of the former, but 
lefle. This is the Mentaffrum nincum Anglicim,of 
Lobel; and Mentastrum alterum of Dodoneus. 

5 This growes inwaterie places, hauing a 
ftalke ofa cubit ot cubit and halfe high, fet with 
lonsith hoary leaues like thofe of Horfe-mint: 
the Houres grow in fpokie tufts at the tops of the 
ftalkes, ofaduskie purple colour, and in fhape 
like thofe of the common Mint: the fmell of 
this comes neere to that of the water Mint. This 
is the Mentaftrifolia aquatica hirfuta, five Calamia- 
tha 3. Diofcoridis,of Lobel : inthe hift, Laga. itis 
called Mentaftrum minus {picatum. 


6 .The 


686. OF the Hifterie-of Plants, Liar padc 


6 , The ftalke of this is fome cubitand halfe high, {quare,and full of pith: the leaues are like 
in fhape to thofe of Cat-Mint, but not hoarie, but rather greene: the tops of the branchesare fet 
with roundles of fich white floures as thofe of the Cats-mint :the fmell of this plant is like to 


that of the Horfe-Mint; whence (Vufins calls it Mentaftrum montanum primum.It floures in Augutft, 
and growes 1n the mountainous places of Auftria. 
7 The fame Author hath alfo fet forth another by the name of Mentaftrum tuberofa radice. It 
hath roughith ftalkes like the former, and longith crumpled leaues fomewhat {nipt about the ed- 
ges like thofeofthe laft defcribed : the floures grow in roundles alongft the tops of rhe branches, 
and are white of colour, and like thofe of Cat-Mint. The root of this (which,as alfo the leaues,is 
not wellexpreft in the figure) is like a Radifh, and blackifhon the out fide, {ending forth many 
fuccours like to little Turneps, and alfo diuers fibres : thefe fuccours taken from the maine roor 
will alfo take rootand grow. It floures in Iune. Clufivs receiued the feed of it fram Spaine. t 
| The Place. ; 
They grow in moift and waterie places, as in medowes neere vnto ditches that haue water in 
them,and by rivers. 


@ The Time. 
They floure when the other Mints do, and reuiue in the Spring. 
G The Names. 

Itis called in Greeke siatutem : in Latine, Sifjmbrivm : in high-Dutch, Rotsimunts, waters 
Munes ¢ in French, Menthe fanuage : in English, Water Mint, Fifh-Mint, Brooke-Mint,and Horfe- 
mint. 

‘g, The Temperature. 


Water Mint is hot and dry as is the Garden Mint.and is ofa ftronger {mell and operation, 
) > 5 Pp 


@ ThePertues. 


Itis commended to haue the like vertues that tl 
gainft the ftinging of Bees an 
The fauour or {mell of t 
to ftrew itin chambers anc 

are made. 
There is no vfe hereof in phy ficke whileft we haue the 
agreeing to the nature of man. 


he garden Mint hath and alfo tobe good a- 
1 Wafpes, ifthe place be rubbed therewith, 

he Water-Mint reioyceth the heart ofm 
{ places of recreation, pleafure,and repofe 


an; for which caufe they vie 
sand where feafts and banquets 


garden Mint, which is fweeter,and more 


. 
T The figure that was inthe firlt place was of the Horfe-Mint, and that in the fecond place fhould haue beenein the firlt, asnow it ise 


Cuapr. 228. Of “Mountaine Mint or (alamint. 
q 7 he Defcription, 


I Ountaine Calamint isa low herbe, feldome abouea foot high, parted into many 
branches : the ftalkes are foure {quare, and haue ioynts as it were, out of euery one 
whereof grow forth leaues fomething round, leffer than thofe of Bafill,couered with 

a very thinne hairy downe, as arealfo the {talkes, {omwhat whitifh, and of a fiveet fmell : the tops 
of the branches are gallantly deckt with floures, fomewhat of a purple colour ; then groweth the 
feed which is blacke : the roots are full of ftrings, and continue. 

2 Thismoft excellent kindeof Calamint hath vpright ftalkes a cubit high,couered ouer with 
awoolly moffineffe, befet with rough leaues likea Nettle, fomewhat notched about the edges ; 
among the leaues come forth blewith or sky-coloured floures: the root is wooddy, and the whole 
plant is ofa very good fmell. 

3 There is another kinde of Calamint which hath hard {quare ftalks, couered in like manner 
as the other with a certaine hoary-or fine cotton. The leaues be in fhape like Bafill, but that they 
are tough, and the floures grow in roundles toward the tops of the branches, fometimes three or 
foure vpona ftemme, of a purplith colour. The root is threddy, and long lafting. 

t 4 There isa kinde of ftrong fmelling Calamint that hath alfo {quare ftalks couered with 
foft cotto : aucs ftanding one asainft 

another, {ma foft, not much vnlike the leaues of Penny-Royall, fauing that they are larger 

and whiter : the floutes grow aboutthe ftalks like wharles or garlands, ofa blewith purple colour - 

the rooris {mal! and threddy : the whole plant hath the fmell of Penny-Royal ; whence it hath the 
addition of Pulegy odore. 


* creeping by the ground, hauing euermore two le 


G The 


| a et 
ip Lre:i2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: 687 


x Calamjniba montana vulearis. t 2 Calamintha montana pr eftantior 
Calamint, or Mountaine Mint, The more excellent Calamint, 


—_—_ ee 


$ 3Calamintha vulgaris Officinarutt. + 3 Calamintha odore Pulcgi. 
,, Common Calamint. \,, dield Calamint. 7° AT 
| Vlifra C Arnad tak ipo. rR ores Vase fo ow Vepeet m ALAA, f Be ij 
. Caloagrnroucth , 


688 ‘ Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lis 


@ The Place. 
Itdelighteth to grow in mountaines, and i in the fhadowy and granelly fides thereof :itis found 
inmany places of Ital ly and F me a other countries: it is 5 brou cht i into gardens , where it 
profpereth maruellous well,and very eafily foweth it felfe. I have found thefe plants growing vp- 
on the chalkie grounds and hig] nwayes le me from Grauefend vnto Canturbur y, in noe places, 
or almoft euery w! nere. + Lhaue onely obferued the third and fourth to grow wilde wath vs in 
England. + , 
q The Time. 

It flourifheth in Sommer, and almoftall the yeare thorow: it bringeth forth floures and feed 

from Iune to Autumne. . Y 
q The Names. 

It is called in Greeke Karu, as though you fhould fay, Elegans aut utilis eMtentha,a gallant or 
profitable Mint: the Latines keepe the name Calamintha : Apuleius alfo nameth it amiffe, Menta 
Jtrum,and confoundeth the names one with another: the Apothecaries call it Montana Calamin- 
tha, Calamentum, and fometime Calamentum montanum : in French > Calament : 0 Englif~h,Mountain 
Calonsiute + The fourth is certainly the fecond Calamint of Diofcor ides, and the true Nepeta of 
the Antients. $ 

q The Temperature. 

This Calamint which groweth in mountaines is of a feruent tafte, and biting, hor.and ofa thin 
fubftance, and dry after a fort in the third degree, as Galen faith :itd igetteth or wafteth away thin 
humors, it cutteth, and maketh thicke humors thin. 

q The Vertues. 

Therefore being inwardly takenby it fel fe, and alfo with meade, or honied water, it doth mani- 
feftly heate, prouoketh {w an con fumeth fuperfluous humors of the body , it taketh away the 
fhiuerings of Agues that come by fits. 

The fame alfo is performed by the fallet oyle in which it is boyled, if the body be anointed and 
well rubbed and chafed therewith. 

The decoction thereof dpuke prouoketh vrine, bringeth downe the moneth! y fickneffe,and ex- 
pelleth the childe, which alfo it doth being but onely applied. 

Tt helpeth thofe that are bacied fuchas are troubled with crampes and convulfions, and that 
cannot breathe voleff fe they hold their necks vpright (that haue the wheefing of the | lungs,faith Ga- 
den) and it isa remedie faith D#ofcorides for acholericke paffion, otherwife called the Felony. 

It is good for them that haue the yellow jaundice, for that it remoueth the {toppings of the li- 
uerand gall 1, and withall clenfeth: being taken afore-hand in Wine, it keepeth a man from being 
poy foned : being inwardly taken,or outwardly applied it cureth them thatare bitten of Serpents : E 
being burned or ftrewed it driues ferpents away : it takes away black and blew fpots that come by 
blowes ord ry beatings,making the skin faire and wl nite ; but for fuch things (faith Galen) it is bet- 
ter to be laid to greene ‘than dry. 

Itkilleth all manner ofwormes of the belly, ifit be drunk with falt and honey : the iuyce drop- 
ped into the eares doth in like manner kill the wormes thereof. 

Pliny faith, that if the iuyce be conucyed vp into the nofthrils it ftancheth the bleeding at the 
nofe; and the root (which ‘Dioftorides writeth to be good for nothing) belpeth the Squincie, if it 
beg. garg arifed, or the throat wafhed therewith, being vied i in Cute and Myrtle feed w ithall. 

Ieis applied to thofe that haue the Sciatica or ache i in the huckle bone, for it drawes the humor 
from the very bottome,and bringeth a comfortable heat to thewhole ioynt : Paw/ws Aigineta faith, 
th - for the paine of the haunches or huckle bones it is to be vfed in Clyfters. 

Being much eaten it is good for them that haue the leprofie, fo that the patient drinke whay af- 
ter it, as Diofcorides witnefleth. 

Apul ius attirmeth, that if the leaues be often eaten, they are a fure and certaine remedy againft 
the leprofie. 

There is made of this an Malate: or compofition, which Galea in his fourth booke of the Go- 
uernment of health defcribes by the name of Déacs laminthos, that doth not onely notably digeft or 
watte away crudities, but alfo is maruellous good for young maidens that want their dourles pais 

their bodies be firft well purged ; for in continuance of time it bringeth them downe very gently 
without force. 


in the fecond place belonged to the fourth defeription 5 and the figure that belonged thereto was before falfly put for the 
twhich fhould haue bene putin the fourth plac ¢ was put in the firft place of the lat chapter fj Fave two, forthe Red Garden 


Car. 


at 7 he figure whieh formerly 
ia or Wood- Sage, As alf 


Lips 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Cuar.229. Of Bawme. 
q The Defiription. 


i Piaffrum,or Mvlif[a,is our common beft knowne Balme or Bawme,hauine ma 

ftalkes and blackith leaues like to Ballote, or blacke Hore-hound, but Lar 

- _ Pleafant fmell, drawing neere in {mell and fauourvnto a Citron: the flour 
Carnation colour , the root of a wooddy fubftance. 

2 The fecond kinde of Bawme was brought into my garden and others, by his feed from the 
parts of Turky, wherefore we haue called it Turky Balme : it excelleth the reft of the kinds if you 
refpeé& the fweer fauour and goodly beauty thereof, and deferueth amore liuely defeription ghae 
my rude pen can deliver. This rare plant hath fundry {ma!lweake and brittle {quare ftalkes and 
branches, mounting to the height of a cubit and fomewhat more, befet with leaues like to Ger- 
mander or Scordium, irtdented or toothed very bluntly about the edges,but fomewhat fharpe poin- 
tedatthetop. The floures grow in{mal] coronets, ofa purplith blew colour: the root is fmall 
and threddy, and dieth at the firft approch of Winter,and mug be fowne anew inthe besinning of 
May, in good and fertill ground, e 7 - 


ny {quare 
reer, of a 
es are of 4 


1 Meliffz. 


2 Meliffa Turcica, 
Bawme. 


Turky Bawme; 


hy din 

Nuit ay is, 

yA 

Ay ay 
SANG 


UIE 


Bs 


(hi 
Wi 


SN 


3 Fuchfivs ferceth forth akinde of Bawme hauing a fquare ftalke, with leaues like vnto com- 
mon Bawme, but larger and blacker; and ofan euill fauour ; the floures white , and much greater 
than thofe of the common Bawme; the root hard, and ofawooddy fubftance. + This varies with 
the leaues fometimes broader and otherwhiles narrower:alfo the floures are commonly purple, 
yet fometimes white, and otherwhiles ofdiuers colours : the leaues are alfo fometimes broader, 
otherwhiles narrower : wherefore I haue giuen you one of the figures of Clufivs, and that of Lobel, 
that you may {ee the feuerall expreffions of this plant. C/ufiws, and after him Bavhine, referre it to 
the Lamium, or Arch-angel! ;and the former calls it. Lavsinms Pannonicum : and the later , Laminm 
montanum Meliffefolio. £ 

4 There.isa kinde of Bawme called Herba Iudaica,which Lobel calles Tetrabit that hath many 
Mmm weake 


‘ak 


£3 Meliff Fuch{ij flore albo. 
Baftard Melee with w 


Wel 


hite floures. 
is Qyaam vit to : 


£4 Herba Tudaica Lobely. 
Smiths Bawme, or Iewes All-heale. 


690 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis, 2. 


+ 3 Melif[a Fuchfij flore purpurea. 
Baftard Bawme with purple floures. 
Nerrg, Wrekilsopr 4) Rr 
yh iit We 
om 
Vp. COW Ze SS 


Do» /} 
Ce |) 


weake and tender {quare hairie branches 5 
fome leaning backward, and others turning 
inward , diuiding themfelues into fundry 
other fmall armes or twigs, which are befet 
with long rough leaues dented about, and 
fmaller than the leaues of Sage. And grow- 
ing in another foile or clymat, you thal fee 
the leaues like the oken leaf,in other places 
like Marrubium Creticum, very hoary, which 
caufed Diofcorides to defcribe it with fo 
many fhapes, and alfo the floures , which 
are fometimes blew and purple, and often- 
times white : the root is fmalland crooked, 
with fome hairie ftrings faftned thereto. 
All thewhole plant draweth tothe fauout 
of Balme, called Mefiffa. + ° This might 
much more fitly haue beene .put to the reft 
of the Siderites, but that our Authour had 
thruft itas by force into this Chapter. £ 
5 There bealfo two other plants com- 
prehended vnder the kindes of Balme, the 
one very like vnto the other , alchough not 
knowne to many Herbarifts, and haue been 
of fome called by the title of Cardiaca : the 
firftkinde Pena calleth Cardiaca Melica, or 
Molucca Syriaca,fo called for that it was firfk 
brought out of Syria ; it groweth three 
cud its 


i LB. 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants, oN a. 


fh ft 

flalkes beround, fomewhat thicke, and ofa reddith colour,which aré hollow within, wit 
}} obfcure prints or {mall furrowesalong the ftalkes , with equall {paces halfe knee 
|  andateuery fuch knee or ioynt ftand two leaues one againft another, tufted | 
rough and deeply indented, yet not fo deepely as our common Cardiaca, called 
fo fharpe pointed : about the knees there come forth final little prickles, with fix or 


. cubits high, and yeeldeth. many fhoots from a wooddy root, full of many w 
| 
open wide bells, hauing many corners thinne like parchment, and of the fame colour, {ome 


ftiffe and long ; and at the top of the edge of the bell it is cornered and pointed with tharpe pric 
kles ; and ont of the middle of this prickly bell rifeth a floure fomewhat purple tending to white. 
neffe, not vnlike our Lamium or Cardiaca, which bringeth forth a cornered feed, the bottome, flat, 
and {mallet toward the top like a fteeple: the fauour of the plant draweth towatd the fent of za. 
Miu , 

6 Theotherkinde of atefica, otherwife called Molucca afperior (whereof Pena writeth) differeth 

| from the laft before nientioned, in that the cups or bells wherein the floures grow are more prick- 
ly than the firft, and much fharper, longer, and more in number : the ftalke of this is foure {quare, 
lightly hollowed or furrowed ; the feed three cornered, fharpe vpward like a wedge ; the tunnels of 
the floures brownifh,and not fo white as the firft. 


/ 

: 5 Meli(famoluccaleuss. 6 Molucca fpinofa. 

| Smooth Molucca Bawme, Thomy Molucca Bawme;: 
| b Y, 4 ane - F 

| t] 


in 
i 


q The Place. 


Bawme is much fowenand fet in gardens, and oftentimes it growethof it felfe in Woods and 
mountaines, and other wilde places : it is profitably planted in gardens, as.P/iny writeth, i. 21. 
¢ap.t2 about places where Bees are kept, becaufe they are delighted with this hetbe aboue others; 
whereupon it hath beene called Apiafirum : for,faith he,when they are ftrayed away, they do finde 
their way home againe by it, as Virgilwriteth inhis Georgicks: 

Huc tu inffos afperge liquores, 

Trita Meliphylla, & Ceriathenobile gramens 
V{e here fuch helpe as husbandry doth viually prefcribe, 
Bawme bruifed in a mortar, and bafe Hony-wort befide, 

Allthefe I haue in my garden from yeare to yeare, : 
Mmm 2 G TM Wi 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


Lis. 2. 


Oot « = 


co lee ¢ 9 


H 


@ The Time. 

Baw me floureth in Iune, Iuly,and Auguft: icwithereth in the Winter ; but the root remai- 
neth,; which in the beginning of the Spring bringeth forth frefh leaues and ftalkes. ; 

The other forts do likewife flourifh in Lune, Iuly, and Auguft; but theysdoe perith when they 
haue perfected their feed. 

@ The Names. 

Bawme is called in Greeke metsono : by Pliny, amelitis : in Latine, Meliffa, Apiaftrum, and Ci- 
trago - of fome, Meliffophyllon, and Meliphyllon : in Dutch, Confille de grepn sin French , Poucy- 
rade, ou Meliffe: in Italian, Cedronella, and _Arantiata : in Spanith, Torongi : in Englith, Balme, or 
Bawme. 

q The Temperature. 

Bawme is of temperature horand dry in the fecond degree, 4s Avicen faith : Galen faith it is like 
Horehound in facultie. 

. :  @ The Vertues. 

Bawme drunke in wine is good againft the bitings of venomous beafts, comforts the heart, and 
driueth away all melancholy and fadneffe. 

Common Bawme is good for women which haue the ftrangling of the mothcr,either being ea- 
ten or fmelled vnto. 

The iuyce thereofglueth together greene wounds, being put into oyle, vnguent, or Balme, for 
that purpofe, and maketh it of greater efficacie. 

The herbe ftamped, and infufed in 4qua vite, may be vfed vnto the purpofes aforefaid(I meane 
the liquour and not the herbe) and is a moft cordiall liquour againft all the difeafes before fpo- 
kenof. 

The hiues of Bees being rubbed with the leaues of Bawme, caufeth the Bees tokeep together, 
and caufeth others to come vnto them. 

The later age,together with the Arabians and Mauritanians,affirme Balme to be fingular good 
for the heart, and to be a remedie againft the infirmities thereof; for 4vicea in his booke written 
of the infirmities of the heart,teacheth that Bawme makes the heart merry and ioyfull,and ftreng- 
theneth the vitall {pirits. 

Serapio affirmeth it to be comfortable for a moift and cold ftomacke, to ftir vp concoétion, to 
open the ftopping of the braine, and to driue away forrow and care of the minde. 

Dio{corides writeth, That the leaves drunke with wine, or applied outwardly,are good againft 
the ftingings of venomous beatts, and the bitings of mad dogs : alfo it helpeth the tooth-ache,the 
mouth being wafhed with the deco@tion,and is likewife good for thofe that canot take breath vn- 
leffe they hold their necks vpright. 

The leaues being mixed wich falc (faith the fame Author) helpeth the Kings Euil,or any other 
hard fwellings and kernels, and mitigateth the painc of the Gout, 

Smiths Bawme or Carpenters Bawme is moft fingular to heale vp greene wounds that are cut 
with iron, it cureth the rupture in fhoretime ; it ftayeth the whites. Déofcorides and Pliny haue 
attributed like vertues ynto this kinde of Bawme, which they call Iron-wort. The leaues ( fay. 
they) being applied, clofe vp wounds without any peril! ofinflammation. Pliay faith that itis of 
fo great vertue, that though it be but tied to his fword that hath giuen the wound, it ftancheth the 


bloud. af 


Cuar. 230. Of Horehound, 


@| The Defcription. 


I J Hite Horehound bringeth forth very many ftalkes foure fquare, a cubit high, co- 

\) uered ouer with a thin whitith downinefle :whereupon are placed by couples at 

certaine diftances, thicke whitifh*leaues fomewhat round, wrinkled and nicked 

on the edges, and couered ouer with the like downineffe , from the bofomes of which leaues come 

forth {mall floures ofa feint purplith colour, fet round about the ftalke in round wharles,which 

turne into fharpe prickly husks after the floures be paft. The whole plantis of a {trong favor, but 
not vnpleafant : the root is threddy. 

2 The fecond kinde of Horehound hath fundry crooked flender ftalkes, diuided into many 
{mall branches couered ouer with a white hoarineffe or cottony downe. The leaues are likewifé 
hoarie and cottony, longer and narrower than the precedent, lightly indented about the edges,and 
fharply pointed like the Turky Bawme, and of the fame bigneffe, hauing {mall wharles of white 
i : floures, 


i Bd oh . Of the Hittory of Plaats 2 693 


SE eas 

ae 
Peat 
ae 


4 Marrubinm album. 2 Marrubinm candidim, 
Vy hite Horehound, Snow white Horehound: 


\\ 


3 Marrubium Hifbanicom. * & Marrubinm Creticum, 
Spanifh Horehound: : Candy Horehound, _ 


694. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2, 
floures, and prickly rundles or feed-veffels fet about the ftalks by certaine diftances. The root is 
likewife threddy. 

3 Spanifh Horehound hath a ftitfe hoarie and hairy ftalke, diuiding it felfe at the bottome 
into two wings or more armes,and likewife toward the top into two others ; whereupon are placed 
by couples at certaine {paces faire broad leaues, more round than any of the reft,and likewife more 
woolly and hairy. The floures grow at the topof the ftalkes, {pike fafhion, compofed of {mall ga- 
ping fioures ofa purple colour, The whole plant hath the fauor of Stcechados. 5 

4 Candy Horehound hatha thicke and hard root, with many hairy threds faftned thereunto ; 
from which rife vp immediately rough {quare ftalkes, fet confu fedly with long leaues of ahoarie 
colour, ofa moft pleafant ftrong {mell; The floures grow toward the top of the ftalkes-in chaffie 
rundles,ofa whitith colour. 


gq The Place. 

The firft of thefe Horehounds, being the common kinde, groweth plentifully in all places of 
England, neere vntoold walls, highwayes, and beaten paths, in vntilled places. It groweth in all 
other countries likewife, where it altereth according to the fcituation and nature of the countries. 
for commonly that which growes in Candy and in Hungary is much whiter,and ofa fiyeeter fmel, 
and the Ieaues oftentimes narrower and leffer than that which groweth in England and thefe Nor- 
therne Regions, 

G The Time. 

They floure in Tuly and Auguft, and that in the fecond yeare after the fowing of them. 

| The Names. 

Horehound is called in Greeke sefan : in Latine, Marrub/wm : in (hops, Prafinm,and alfo Marru- 
bium. There be certaine baftard names found in Apwleivsyas Melittena, Labeonia, and V Iceraria : in 
Italian, Marrubio : in Spanith, Marruuio : in Dutch, Mairone tin French, A¢arubin ;: in Englifh, 
Horehound.$ Clufius calls the third Ocimaftrum V alentinum.£ 

q The Temperature. 

Horehound (as Galen teacheth) is hot in the fecond degree, and dry in the third,and of a bitter 

tafte. 
q| The Vertues. 


Common Horehound boyled in water and drunke, openeth the liver and fpleene, cleanfeth the 
A breftand lungs,and preuatles greatly againft an old cough,the paine of the fide, {pitting of bloud, 
the ptyficke, and vlcerations of the lungs. 

The fame boyled inwine and drunke, bringeth downe the termes, expelleth the fecondine,after 
birth, or dead childe, and alfo eafeth thofe that haue fore and hard labour in childe-bearing, 

+ . Syrup made of the greene frefh leaues and fugar, isa moft fingular remedie againft the cough 
and wheefing ofthe lungs. 

The fame {yrrup doth wonderfully and aboue credit eafe fuch as haue lien long ficke of any 
confumption of the lungs, as hathbeene often proued by the learned Phyfitions of our London 
Colledge. 

Itis likewife good for them that haue drunke poyfon , or that haue beene bitten of Serpents. 
The leaues are applied with honey to cleanfe foule and filthy vicers. It ftayeth and keepeth back 
the pearle or wg¢b inthe eyes. . 

The iuyce prefled forth of the leaues, and hardned in the Sun,is very good for the fame things, 
efpecially ifit be mixed with a little wine and honey; and dropped into the eyes, it helps them, 
and cleereth the fight. 

Being drawne vp into the nofthrils it cleanfeth the yellowneffe of the eyes, and ftayeth the run- 
ning and watering of them. 


Cuar. 231. Of wilde Horehound. 


@ The Defcription. 


I VV {ld Horehound is alfo like to common Horehound s there rifeth from the root here- 
of a great number of ftalkes high and ioynted, and out of euery ioynt a couple of 

Jeaues oppofite, or {et one againft another, fomewhat hard, a little longer thanthofe of common 
Horehound, and whiter, as al{o the ftalkes are fet with foft haires,and ofa fweet fmell : the floures 
docompafle the ftalke about as thofe doe of common Horehound, burthey are yellow, and the 
wharles be narrower : the root is wooddy and durable. 
: 2 Befides 


Lur.2  OftheHifloryof Plants, — ° gos 


| 

| I Stachys< 
Wilde Hore-hound; 
| 

| 


$ 3 Stachys (hinofa Cretica, £°4 Stachys Lufitanica. 
Thorny Horehound. Portugal! Wilde Horehound.” 


Of the Hiftcrie of Plants. Lisa 


2  Befides this there is alfo another de- 
feribed by Fuchfivs : the ftalkes hereof are 
thicke, foure fquare,now and thentwo or 
three foot long : the leaues be broad, long, 
hoarte,nicked in the edges,hairie as are al- 
fo the ftalks, and much broader than thofe 
of the common Horchound: the floures in 
the whorles whieh compaffe the ftalke a- 
bout, are of a purple colour ; the feede is 
round and blackifh : the root hard & fom- 
thing yellow. 

¢ 3. This thorny Stachys hath leaues 
before it comes to fend forth the ftalk like 
thofe of the lefler Sage,but more white & 
hairie,thofe that grow vpon the ftalkes are 
much narrower : the {talks are {quare fome 
foot high: andat the parting of them into 
branches grow alwaies two !caues one op- 
pofit againft another: the tops of the bran- 
Laie ches end in Jong fharpe thornie prickles : 
ua Hy [fopifolia, the floures grow about the toppes of the 
uicd Iron-wort. branches like thofe of Sage, but of fome- 
; whata lighter colour. This grows natural 
ly in Candy, about a Towne called Larda. 
where Honorius Bellusfirft obferued it, there 
it is called Guidarothymo,or Affes Tyme, 
though itagreewith Tyme in nothing but 
the place of growth. C/ufivs fets it forth by 
the name of Stachys {pinofa. 

4 Lobel hath giuen ys the figureand 
firft defcription of this by the name of Sta- 
chys Lufitanica. It hath creeping and dow- 
nie ftalkes fome handfull and halfehigh, 
fet with little leaues : among ft which in 
tund!es grow fmal floures like thofe ofthe 
other wilde Horchounrds, the whole plant 
is of forhewhara gratefull {mell. + 

5 There isanotherwilde Horehound 
of Mountpelier,called Sideritis Monjpelliaca 
Scordivides,fine Scoray folio: being that kind 
of Siderit#s or wilde Horehound which is 
like vnto Scordinm, or water Germander, 
which groweth to the height ofahandfull 
and a halfe, with many {mall branches ri- 
fing vpright, ofa wooddie fub ftance, ha- 
uing the tops and fpokie coronets of Hy 
fop; butthe leaues dorefemble D ‘oftorides 
his Scordium, faue that they be fomewhat 
leffer, ftiffer,more wrinck led o1 curled and 
hairie,than Tetrahit,or the Iudaicall herb : 


£5 Siderités Scordivides. 
Germander Ironwoort, 


£6 Sideritis A 
Hy flop-lea 


aA | pa ie the floures do r femble thofe of the com 

ea mon Sauorie, in tafte bitter,and of an aro- 

fee tt | Bae maticall fmell. 

Hae I 6 Mountaine siderite: beeing alfo of the kindes of Horchound, was firft found by Palerandus 
ihe Donraz,in the mountains of Sauoy,refembling very wel the laft defcribed,but the leaues are much 
y it narrower, and like thofe of Hyflope : the floures grow in {mall roughrundlets or tufts, pale of co: 

| Loe lourlike Marrubium ox Tetrabit ; theroot long and bending,ofa wooddie fubftance,and purple co- 

PM aT lour,bitter in tafte,but not vnpleafant,whofe vertue is yet ynknowne. 
ha) q The Place. 
} 


fad Thefe herbes are forreiners,they grow in rough and barren places notwithftanding Ihave them 
growing in my garden. + My kinde friend M". Buckner an Apothecary of London the latt yeare, 
beeing 

2D 


1 


SS Eee 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: % 97 


being 1632, found the fecond of thefe growing wilde in Oxfordfhire in the field ioyning to Wits 
ney Parkea mile from the Towne, + : 
| q The Tinie, 
They floure in the Sommer moneths,and withet towards winter:the root remaineth alitie acer 
taine time. 


| The Names. 

The former is taken for the right Stachys,which is called in Grecke sex‘: it is knowne in {hoppes 
and euery where : we name it in Englifh yellow Horehound,and wilde Horehoond. $ Lobel calls it 
Stachys Lychmites [buria Flandrornm, + 

_ The other wilde Horehound,feeing it hath no name,is to be called Stachys fpuria : for it is hot the 
right,neither is it Sphacelws(as moft haue fufpected) of which Theophraftis hath made mention : it 
is called in Englith purple Horehound, baftard wild Horehound, & Fuchfius his wild Horehound; 
~ £ Fabius Columna proues the fecond tobe the Sideritis Heraclia of Diofcorides and the Antients, ¢ 
=} The Temperature. 
Thefe herbes are of abiting and bitter tafte, and are hot in the third degree according to Galen: 
£ TheStachys Fuch/y and Sideritides {eem to be hotand dtie in the firt degree. ¢ 
q The Vertues: 
The deco tion of the leaues drunk doth draw downe the menfes and the fecondine; as Diofcori - 
des teacheth. ? A 
¢ 2 This is offingular vfe (as moft of the herbes of this kindeare) takeep wounds from in. 
flammation,and {peedily to heale them vp, asalfo to ftay all fluxes and deflu tions hauing a dry- 5 
ing and moderate aftriGtiue facultie. 
Acting and Aigineta commend the vfe of it in medicines vfed inthe cure of the biting ofa mad Cc 


Dog. + 


j 


+Cuar. 232, Of the Fronwoorts or eA lbeales. 
£ 1 Sideritis valearis, ; $ 2 Sideritis Anguftifolia. 
Ironwoort,or Alheale, Narrow leaued Alheale. 


1Th 
q) The 


Plants. 


Lrses, 


q The Kindes, 

$ 'y-Herearemany plants that belong to this kindred of the Sideritides, or Ironwoorts, and 

I fome of them are already treated of, though in feuerall places, & that notverie fitly { y 
our Authour ; and one of them is alfo fet forth hereafter by the name of Clownes A lhealesthefe 
that are formerly handled,and properly belong to this Chapter, are firft the Herba Iudaica Lobe is 
being in the fourth place of the 229.Chapter. Secondly, the Stachys Fuchfij (being the frit: sii 
ritis of Dio{corides) de{cribed in the fecond place of the laft chapter. Thirdly,the Sider:tes Scordi= 
oides {et forth in the fift place,and fourthly tl 4 Hy ffopifolia fer forth inthe fixt place 
Of the Jaft ch i Chapter gine you the De(criptions of fome 
others like ro them in face and Vertues,ahd all of them may be referted torhe firtt S7derites of Di 
ofcorides his defeription. ~ OM ; 


j Sideritis Alp 
Now befides all thefe,I will in this 


* qT he Defcription , 

r¥~ His hath {quare ftalkes fome cubite high, rough,and iointed with two leaues at each 

ioint which are wrinkled and hairie, ofan indifferent bigneffe, fhipt about the edges, 

ofa ftrong {mel and ofa bitterith and fomewhat hottith tafte:almott forth of enery 

joint grow branclfes, fet with leffer leaues ; the floures which ‘in round] 

the ftalksend ina {pike, being fomewhat hooded, whitith,well {melling, and marked on the infide 

with fanguine {pots, The feed is rough and blacke, be ing contained in fiue cornered feed veflels. 

The root is hard and wooddie, fending forth many ftalkes. Thisis the Sideritis prima of Fuchfius, 

Cordus,Clufias and others, it hath avery great affinitie with the Panax Gotovior Clownes Al-heale 
of our Authour,and the difference betweene them certainly is very fmall, 


I 


es incompaffe the tops of 


2 


£ 3 Sideritis procumbens ramofe, + 3 Sideritis procumbens non ramefa. 
Se : ae Ss P : 
Creeping branched Ironwoort, Not branched Creeping Ironwoort. 


Abe | I 
: } 4 
‘ t 
' } 
fo t 

i ‘ 

u4 i 
| \\ 
q H 

ig 

mee ieee 


Lhe foure fi 


root diuided inte diue 


Ike of this plant is tot aboue a foot high,and it is prefently ftom the 
; branches: the leaues are long and narrow with fome nerues or veines run- 


ling 
ning 


| 


Line. Of the Hiftory of Plants; | 699 


ning along{t them, being alfo very hairie, bur 
6 Sideritis latifolia glabra. not {nipt about the edges: the foutes grow 
Smooth broad leaued A lheale. alongft the branches, and vpon the main ftalk 
* in roundles like thofe of the firtt mentioned 
but lefferand ofadarke colour,with a yellow. 
ith {pot on their infides : the feed is alfo con- 
tained in fiue cornered veffels like as the for- 
mer. It floures in [une and luly,and growes a: 
mongft the corne in Hungarie and Auftria, 
This is onely fet forth by Clufiws, and that yn; 
der the name of Sideritis 6, Pannonica, 
3 This hath fome branches lying along 
ie. vpon the ground, flender, quadrangular & hai- 
P rie,which at certain {paces are fet with leaues 
grow ing by couples, almoft like thofe of the 
firft, but much leffe, and fhipt onely from the 
“* middle to the end : the floures grow after the 
manner of the former, and (as Clufius thinkes) 
are like them, as is alfo the feed. Clufivs hath 

this by the name of Siderits 4.. 

4. The fame Authour hath alfo giuen ys 
another, which from the top of the root fends 
foorth many branches, partly lying {pred on 
the ground,and partly ftanding vpright,bein 
hairy, iointed, and fquare like thofe of the for. 

. mer,and fuch alfo are the leaues,but that the 
are leffe {nipt about the edges;and in their bo- 
fomes from the bottome of the ftalkes to the 
top grow roundles of whitith floures fhaped 
like others of this kinde. Clufius calls this si- 

aderitis 5. He had onely the figures of thefe e+ 
legantly drawne by the hand of Taques Platean, 
andfofenthim, _ 

5 This from a {mall wooddie root fends fortha fquare hairie ftalke fome halfe foot high, and 
fometimes higher, and this ftalke mot commonly fends forth fome foure branches, which fubdi- 
uide themfelues into fmaller ones, all ofthem fometimes lying vpon the ground, and the ftalke 
ftanding vpright ; the leaues grow by couples ateach ioint, froma broader bottome,ending in an 
obtufe point,the lower leaues being fome inch long,and not much leffe in breadth : the floures are 
whitifh,or light purple,fmall and hooded, ensirting the ftalkes in roundles , which falling, foure 
Tongith blacke feeds are contained in fiuecornered veffels, I firt found it Auguft 1626 in floure 
and {feed among ft the corne ina field iOining toa wood fide not far from Greene-hiue in Kengt,and 
Tat that time,not finding it to be written of by any, called it Sideritis humilis lato obtufo folio 5 but 
fince I finde that Bawhine hath fer it forth in his Prodromus by the nameof Sideritis Alfine Triffagi= 
nus folio. : 

6 This(which Tabermamontanus calls Aly Jum Germanicum, and whofe figure was formerly ginen 
with the fametitle by our Authour inthe 118 Chapter of the former Edition, witha Defcription 
no waies agrecing therewith) rows vp with fquare ftalkes fome cubite high, {et with pretty large 
and greene fmooth leaues {nipt about. the edges : the floures grow inroundles at the tops of the 
branches,being hooded,and of a pale yellow colour. This grows in the Corne fields in fome pla- 
ces of Germany and Italy : and it is the Sidevitis 2,0f Matthiolus in Baubines opinion, who cals it Sé- 
derités aruen(is latifolia glabra, 5 

7 _ There is another planerhat growes frequently in the Corne fields of Kent, and by Purfleet 
in Effexwhich may fitly be ioined to thefe, for Camorarins calls it Sideritis arvenfis flore rubroand in 
the Aifforia Lugd, itis named Tetrahit anguftifolium, and thought tobe Ladanum fégetum of Plin ly 
mentioned /i6. 29 .cap.8.and l16.26. cap.t1.1t hath a,ftalke fome foot or better high, fet with fharp 
pointed longith leaues,hauing two or three nickes on their fides,and growing by couples ; at the 
top of the branches, and al fo the maine ftalke it felfe, ftand in one or two roundles faire red hooded 
floures: the root is {mall and fibrous,dying euery yeare when it hath perfected the feed .It floures ‘i 
in Iulyand Auguft.This is alfo fomerimes found with awhite floure. 

@ The Time,Placee>c, 
Allthefeare fufficiently delivered in the defcriptions, 


q The 


700 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. . brwea, 


: | The Temperatures and V ertues. 
A .. Thefe plants are driewith little orno heat,and are endued with an aftrictiue facul 
duce much to the healing of greene wounds being beaten and applied, or put in vn 


ty. They con. 
Suents or plai- 


{ters made for that purpofe. sgt! a: ; 

B They arealfo good for thofe things that are mentioned in the lat chapter, in Band C. 

C  .Clufius {aith,the firft and fecond are vied in Stiria in fomentations,to bathe the head againft the 
painés oraches thereof, asalfo againft the ftiffeneffe and wearineffeof the limbs or ioints. 

D _ And the fame Author affirmes that he hath knowne the deco@ion vfed with very good fuccefle 
in curing the inflammations and vlcerations of the efeiqiy 


Cuar. 233. Of Water Horehound. 


$1 CMarubium aquaticum, 
, Water Horehound. | The Defeription, . 


I Ater Horehound is very like ” 
VVe blacke and ftinking Hore: 

hound in ftalke and floured 

cups,which are rough, pricking, & compaffing 

the {talks round about like garlands:the leaues 

thereof be alfo blacke,but longer, harder,more 

deeply gafhed in the edges than thofe of ftin- 

king Horchound, yet not hairieatal!,burwrin- 

kled: the floures be fmall and whitifh:the root 
is faftened with many blacke ftrings. 

@ the Place. 

It growes in Brooks onthe brinks of water 
ditches and neere vnto motes, for it requireth 
ftore of water, and groweth not in drie places, 

© The Time. 

It flourifhes and floures. in the Sommer 
moneths,in Iuly and Auguft. : 
G The Names. 

Itis called Aguatile,and Paluflre Marublums 
In Englith,water Horehound. Matthiolus tac 
keth it tobe Species prima Sideritidis , ora kind 
of Ironwoort,which Diofcorides hath defcribed 
inthe firft place , but with this dothbetter a- 
gree that which is called Herba Iudaicaor Glid 
Woort ; it much leffe agreeth with Sideritis fe- 
canda,or the fecond Ironwoort, which opinion 
alfo hath his fauourers, for itis like in leafe to 

none ofthe Fernes.Somealfo thinke good to 

feine themfelues Egyptians (fuch as many times wander 
and other places) dovfe with this herbe to giue 

yptians and the people of A fricke are of, forthe inice of 
us kinde of colour,which alfo holdeth fo faft,as that it can- 
:Infomuch as linnen cloth being died herewith, doth alwaies keepe 


@|The Temperature, 
It feemeth to be cold,and withall very aftringent or binding, 


| The Vertues. 
There is little vfe of the water Horehound in Phyficke. 


+} Thefigure that heretofore was 
fecond place by the name of MLarrubir, 
to auoid Taurologie~ 


the firft p’ 
Qitabicum a 


ewas of the Marrubiers nigrim deferibed in the next chaprersand the figure and defctiprion that were in the 
ims were oF the (> muchswagnified Panax Colomior Clowns Al-heale of our Author,and therefore here omitred 


Cuap, 


aan te B 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 


a Pt ee : 
Cuar, 234. Of blacke or funking Horehound, 
, q The Defiription. 

I Lacke Horehound is fomewhat like yntothe white kinde. The ftalices bealfo {quare 
and hairie. The leaues fomewhat larger, of adarke fiart orblackith colour, fomewhat 
like the leaues of Nettles, {nipt about the edges, of ans npleafant and ftinking fauour, 

The floutes grow about the ftalks in certain {paces, of a purple colour, in fhape like thofe of Arch- 


€ 
angell or dead Nettle. The roote is fialland threddie, + Ihaue foundt 
floures. 

$2 Tothismay fitly be referred that plant which fome haue called Parictaria, Sideritis, and 
Herbaventiw ith the additament of Mon|pelrenfium to each of thefe denomit 
Therein fo low, calls it Marrubinm nigrum longifolium. It is thus defcribx 
very fibrous, fending vp many fquare rough ftalkes fome cubite hicl 
Jeaues longer and broader than Sage;roughalfo and {nipt about the 


1p 


his alfo with white 


ations: but Bashi 
:the root is thicke and’ 
; feat certaine {paces with 
edges : and out of their bo- 
fomes come floures,hooded, and purple of colour,engirting the ftalkes as in other plants of this 
kinde, Some haue thought this to be orhonna of the Antients,becaufe the leaues not falling offin 
Winter,are either eaten by the Wormes,or wafted by the iniurie of the weather tothe very nerues 
Or veines that rynne over them ; fo that by this meanes they are all perforated and eafily blowne 
thorow by each blaft of windeswhich caufed fome to giue italfo the name of Herba 
in the corne fields about Montpelier,¢ 


venti. lt grows 


$1 Marrubium nierum. £ 2 Marrubium nigrum Longifolium. 
Stinking Horehound. Long leaued Horehound. 
5 D 


@ The Place. 
: «! " . . Ps 7 J tg 
Itis found in gardens amongit pot herbes, and oftentimes amohgft frones and rubbifh indrie 
foiles: 


Non q The 


“Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. 2. 


{| The Time. 
It floureth and flourifheth when the others do. 

| The Names, 
It is called in Greeke @nen\-and utuereau, as Pliny teftifieth in his 27. booke,8. chapter:offome, 
Marrubiaftrum,or Marrubinm ([purium,or baftatrd Horehound:in fhops,Prafivm fetidum,and Ballote Es 
in Italian, Marrubiaftro : in Spanith, Marranio negro : in French, Marubin noir & putant sin Englifh 
ftinking Horehound. 


@ The Temperature. 
Stinking Horehound is hotand dry, andas Paulus Agineta teacheth, ofa fharpe and clenfing 


faculty. 
| The Vertues. 


Being ftamped with fale and applied, it cureth the biting of a mad dogge, againft which it is of 
B great efiicacy, as Diofcorides writeth. 
> The leaues rofted in hot embers do wafte and confume away hard lumpes or knots in or about 
the fundament. Italfo clenfeth foule and filthy vicers,as the fame Author teacheth. 


4 The figure was of Lamium album, ot Archangell withthe white floure ; and the figure that fhould hauebeene here was in the former Chapttre 


i} 


Cuar. 235. Of eArchangell,or dead Nettle. 


Humes Ua tat 1 Lamium album. 2 Lamium luteum, 
White Archangel] Yellow Archangel. 
i | } ( 1 ! 4 | YA Bp iP f 
j i ) WUE alban Akt OD KOT OM. Crate 
a RS SN 
i. ae ny 
: t ' 
, i ; 
° Be | i 
TH | | 
Wy i | 
t t | 
4 
} Ne 
i: 
RT 
i } 
. 
1, i 


five lial 
Le 
| Way 
be fe 
Hh a 
4 ai @ The Defcription. 
| ig! 4 A : . . 7 
ad i Hite Archangell hath foure fquare ftalkes,a cubit high, leaning this way and 
4 oe rae j that way, by reafonof the great weight of his ponderous leaues, which are in 


fhape like thofe of Nettles,nicked round about the edges, yet not ftinging at all, 
but 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftorte of Plants. 703 : 


but foft, and as it wete downy. The floures compaile the flalkes round about at cere 
euen as thofe of Horehound doe, whereof doubtleffe this ts a kinde,and not of } 
been gencrally holden: which floures are white of colour, fafhioned like to Little ¢ 
helmets. The root is very threddy. + There is alfoa variety of this hauing red ¢ ] 

2 Yellow Archangell hath fquare ftalkesrifing from a threddy root, fet with leaues: by « 
ples, very mnch cut or hackt about the edges, and fharpe pointed. The vppermofe wher 
oftentimes ofa faire purple colour. The fioures grow among the fame leaues, of a g 
colour, fafhioned like thofe of the white Archangell, but greater,and more wider gapi 

3 Red Archangell being called Yrtica non mordax, or dead Nettle,hath many leaues {pred 
vponthe ground,among which rife vp ftalkes hollow,and {quare,whereupon do grow rough leaues 
ofan ouer worné colour, among which come forth purple floures, fet about in round wharles, or 
tundles. The root is fmall,and perifheth at the firft approach of winter. 


ne diftances 5 
e$5 as hath 


ipine hoods Gr 


+ 3 Lamium rubrum, + 4 Lamium Pannonicam, fine Galcopis 
Red Archangell. Hungary dead Nettle. 


wwe us UAMmM_ 


; Dead Nettle of Hungary hath many lage rough Jeaues very much curled or crumpled 
like thofe of the ftinging nettle, ofa darke greene colour, {nipt about the edges like the teeth of a 
fawe, fet vpon a foure {quare ftalke by couples ; ftom the bofome of which leaues come forth the 
floutes Gigie cathe flalkes, ofa perfect pusple colour,in thape like thofe of the white Archangel, 
Saping like a dragons mouth, the lower chapwhereofis of a bright purple {potted with white, 
which being paft, there doth follow feed inclofed inroush huskesavith fine fharpe points {ticking 
out. The root is thicke,tough, confifting of many threds and long fttings, is ae 

oF To this of Clufius,we may fitly tefer 2.0ther plants;the firft ofwhich Tragis and ot 
call Yrtica Heraclea,or Herculea, and Clufius ivdges it to be the tue Galeopfis Of Diofe avid 
Tragus alfo thought before him. The root hereof is fibrous and creeping, fending forth : 
foure fquare flalkes,vpon which at each joint gfow two leaues vpon long ftalkes very like thof 
Nettles, but more foft and hairy,fot ftinging : the tops of the branches end as itwere ina! 
made of feuerall roundles of floures like thofe of Archangell but lefle,and of a purple colour 
fee ees # peat infides ; the feedes are conteined foure ina veffell, and are blacke'w en 
pe ; It growes about hedges in very many plaées, and floures in June and Luly. 

Non 2 6 This 


Ot- 


@ 


ice ine ee ede fs ee 
704. Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


+6 Thishath roots like thofe of the lak defcribed fending vpalfo {quare ftalkes a foot high, 
fet at each ioint with Icaues growing vpoh long ftalkes like thofe of the {mall dead Nettle,or ra- 
ther like thofe of Alehoofe: out of the bofoms of thofe come three or foure ftalks carrying floures 
like thofe of Alehoofgaping,butwithout a hood,butwith a lip turned vp,which is variegated with 
blew,white,and purple. This hiftorie Clufiws(who did not fee the plant,butan exa& figure thereof 
in colours) giues vs,and he names it as you finde expreft in the title, + 


aH ess, Galeopfis vera. 
Hedge Nettle. 
~) Loh /s vyt VOM ALL, , 


6 Laminm Pannonicum 3, Clu ifs 
Hungary Nettle withthe variegated floure. 


q The Place. 

Thefe plants are found vnder hedges,old wals,common waies,among rubbifh,in the borders of 
fieldes, and in carable grounds, oftentimes in gardens ill husbanded. 

Thatwith the yellow floure groweth not fo common as the others. I haue found it vnder the 
hedge on the left hand as you go from the village of Hampfted neere London tothe Church, and 
in the wood thereby,as alfo in many other copfes about Lee in Effex, neere Watford and Buthie 
in Middlefex,and in the woods belonging to the Lord Cobham in Kent: 

@ The Time. ‘ 

They floure for the moft part all Sommer long,butchiefely in the beginning of May, } 

q The Names. 

Archangell is called of fome rtica aers,and Mortua: of {ome,Lamium in Englifh, Archangell, 
blinde Nettle,and dead Nettle. 

| The Temperature. 

They are hotter and drier than Nettle, approching to the temperature of Horehound, 

q The Vertues, 

Archangel [or rather the hedge Nettle] {tamped with vineger,and a 
taketh away Wens and hard {wellings, the Kings euill,infammation of the kernels vnder the eares 
and iawes,and alfo hot ficrie inflammations of the kernels of the necke,arme-holes and flanks. 

It is good to bathe thofe parts with the decoéion of it, as Diofcorides and Pliny fay. 

The later Phy fitions thinke that the white floures of Archangel! doe ftaie the whites, : 
the fame purpofe diuers do make of them a ¢ onferue,as they call it of the floures and fu 
they appoint to be taken for certaine daies together. 


pplied in manner ofa pultis 


Lis, 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 405 
The floures are baked with {ugar as rofes are, which is called fugar Rofet: as alfo thé diftilled D 
water ofthem, which isyfed to make the heart merry ; to make a good colour in the face; and to 
make the vitall {pirits more frefh and liuely. 


+ The firlt figure that was formerly in this Chapter,was ofthe Galiopyis T.of Taber being akinde bf dead Nettle that hath the leaues {ported with white. 
what finaller than the ordinary one:the figure thar {ould haue been here was in the lait Chaprersthe third was the fame with the firl(that Should haueb 
onely in colour of floures,and that which flould hauc becne in the third place was in the fourth, 


fome, 
fering 


Cra v. 236.° Of Mother woort: 


Cardiacae ; fF 
Mother-\voort. te G The Defiription: 


Other woortbringeth forth ftalks foure f 

NV fquare,thick,hard,two cubites‘high, of Weald 
an ob{cure or ouetworn red colour:the 
leaues are fomewhat black,like thofe of Net- 
tles, but greater and broader than the leaues 
of Horehound, deeply indented or cut on the 
edges, The husks are hard & pricking, which 
docompaffe the ftalks abouit like wharles,or { 
little crownets,out of which do gtowpurplifh Bt i | 

, 
| 


floures,not vnlike to thofe of dead Nettle,but’ 
leffer : The roote is compaé of many {mall i | 
firings,the whole plant is ofa very ranke {mel He Pil 
and bitter tafte, 


— 
WS LP 


Ly 
oe 


@ The Place. . aa ih |e 
It ioieth among rubbith,in ftony and other hd 
barren and rough places,efpeciallyabout Ox- AW 
ford ; it profiteth well in gardens, 
The Time. 2 i al a} 

It fouritheth, floureth, atid feedeth from ! 

"Tune to September: the leaues and ftalks pe- h 
rifh in winter,but the root indureth. UM 
q The Names, ; 

It is called in our age Cardiaca : in High Hid 
Dutch, ertsqesport tin Low Dutch, Herte- | , 
gelpars in French, 4¢ripaulme : in Englith, Heute 
Motherwoort. Somethere be that make ira } 
kinde of Bawme, it feemes that it may be al- | 
fo referrag to Sideritis Herculana, ot Hercules 
Tronwedrt. 


@ The Temperature, 

Motherwoort is hot and dry in the fecond degree,by reafon of the clenfing aud binding quality 
that it hath, : i 
The # eriues. : A 
Diuers commend itagainft the infirmities‘of the heart : it is iudged tobe foforceable, that it A ft § 
is thought it tooke his name Cardiacaof the effea. 1) et 
It isalfo reported to cure convulfions and cram ps, and likewife the palfié :to open'the obftru- B i ie EI 

tions or ftoppings of the intrails:to kill all kindes of Wormes of the bellie, é MF i 
The pouder of the herbe giuen in wine,prouoketh not onely vrine,or the monthly courfe, but C ait 
alfo is good for them that are in hard trauell with childe. : : i 
Moreouer,the fame is commended for greene wounds:it is alfo aremedie againft certaindifea- D itt 
fes in cartell,as the cough and murreine,and for that caufe divers husbandmen oftentimes'much ; +h 
defire ir. ; mae) 


Non z Cuare ee 


4} 
’ * 
we | | 
5 ' ; 
i t 
4 
' 
' , ‘ 
| |i 
: } ‘ 
j \ 
| f iii 
hi Ae SRR EH 
ea | 
ht 
' j \a 
} 
i 3 


706 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Cuar. 237. Offinging Nettle, 


q The Defcription. 


“He ftalkes of the firft be now and then halfea yard bigh,round,and hollow wirhin: the 

leaues are broad, (harp pointed,cutround about like a faw,they be rough onboth fides, 
and couered with a ftinging downe,which witha light touch onely caufeth a great burning, and 
raifeth hard knots in the skin like blifters,and fometimes maketh irred. The feed commeth trom 
the roots of the leaues in round pellets bigger than Peafe:; it is flippery, glittering like Line-feed, 
but yet leffer and rounder. The roote is fet with ftrings. 


I 


2 Vrtica vrens. 
Common ftinging Nettke, 


Wen dierea 


I Vrtica Romana, 
Romane Nettle. 


2 The fecond Nettle beeing our common Nettle is like to the former in Ieaues and ftalkes, 
but yet now and then higher and more full of branches ; itis alfo,couered witha downe that ftin- 
gethand burnethas wellas the other : the feed hereofis fmall,and growethnot in round bullets, 
but on long flender ftrings,as it were in clufters,as thofe of the female Mercury,which grow along 
the ftalkes and branches aboue the Jeaues,very many. The rooris full of firings ; of colour fome- 
thing yellow,and creepeth allabout. + This hath the ftalkes and rootes fometimes a Jittle red- 
dith,whence Tabernamontanys and out Authour gaue another figure thereof by the name of Yrtica 
rubra;Red Nettle. + 

3 Thethird is like tothe fecond in ftalkes, leaves and feed,that groweth by clufters, but lef 
fer,and commonly more ful! of branches. ofa light greene,more burning and ftinging ; the rooris 
fwnall and not without ftrings. 


q The 


| Lap 2. ~ Of the Hiftory of Plants. | ee 


fer J 


Vrtica minor, @ The Place: 
Small Nettle. - ; 

Wtic Nettles grow in vatilled places,an 
thicke woods, and is a ftranger in Er 
withftanding it groweth inmy ¢ 


{the firftin 
sland, nor- 


| 
| 
} 
| 
] 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


it felfeneere ynto hedges, bufhes, bramt 
old walls, almofteuery where, 

The third alfo commeth vp in the fame pla- 
ces, which notwithitanding groweth in gafdens 
and moift earable grounds. 

. G) The Time, 

They all flourifhin Sommer : the fecond furf- 
fereth the winters cold: the {eed is ripe, and may 
be gathered in Iuly and Auguft. 

; G The Names. 

Ibis called in Grecke axinvss: in Latine, “tica, 
ab vrendo, of his burning and ftinging qualitie : i 
whereupon Macer faith, it 

I 


— nec immerito nomen fumpfilfi 


idetur, 


Tatta quod exurat dicitos vrtica tenentic, i 
§ 


H 

j 
: i , : ane Se By 
Neither without defert hismame hee feemes to Hee ete { 
ak Vit t) 
git : s i f} | ny 
As that which quickly burnes the fingers tou- Beil t . i 
ching it. [ 


And of diuersalfo wim, becaufe it fingeth with 
hurtfulldowne$ in high-Dutch, $Pellel : in Ita- 
lian, Ortica # in Spanith, Hortica : in French, or- Pi! if 
tie>in Englith, Nettle. The firft is called in He 
low Dutch Uoomnlche Mretelew, that is, Romana tia ey) 
| vrtica, Or Roman Nettle : and likewife in high-Durch neallche Melelen,that is,salica vrtsea,Tta- RF 

| lian Nettle, becaufe it is rare, and groweth but in few places,and the feed 1s {ent from other coun- HW HRA Y 
| tries, and fowne in gardens for his vertues : it is alfocalled of divers Pt amas - and of Diofcors- ain 


i 
| des, Vrtica fylueftris, or wilde Nettle, which he faith is more rough, with broader and longer leaucs, SMR? 
_ and with the feed of Flax, but leffer. Pliay maketh the wilde Nettle the mate,and in his 2+ booke, RW Led | 
) chap.15. faith that it is milder and gentler: it is called in Englith Romane Nettle, Greeke Net- (1 
| tle, Male Nettle. The fecond is called Pritcafemina,and oftentimes /rtica maior that it may dif. feet 
| fer from the third Nettle: in Englifh, Female Nettle, Great Nettle, or comnon Nettle. The ay 
| third isnamed in high-Dutch Peper Mellel s in the Brabanders fpeech Petite feetelen, fo called ite if 
) of the ftinging qualitie: in Englith, Small Nettle, Small! burning Nettie :butwhether this be 
| that or nowhich Pliny calleth Cawia, or rather the fir(t, let the Students confider. There is inthe i 
| wilde Nettle amore ftinging qualitic, which, faith he, is called Cania, with a {talke more ftinging, hee at BRA 
| hauing nicked leaues, gee 
| The Temperature, i 
Nettle is of temperature dry,a little hot, fcarfe in the firft degree : itis of thinand fubtil parts . Pi A! a | 
for it doth not therefore burne and {ting by reafon it is extreme hot, but becaufe the downe of it is ; lie 
ftiffe and hard, piercing like fine little pricklés or ftings, and entring into the skin: for if ir be wi- Bil § \ 
thered or boyled it ftingeth notat all, by reafon that the ftiffeneffe of the downe is fallen away. Tea hh at 
; x i Ltt 
The V ertues. i i} : 
Being eaten, as Diofcorides faith, boyled with Perywinkles, it maketh the body foluble.doing it a: Bi tit 
| bya kinde of cleanfing qualitie: iralfo prouoketh vrine, and expelleth {tones out of the kidneyes: Hy ee 
l being boyled with barley creamé it bringeth vp tough humours that fticke in the cheft,as it is 
( thought. 


Being ftamped, and the iuyce put vp into thenofthrils,it ftoppeth the bleeding of the nofe:the B tes 
| Myce 1s good againft the inflammation of the Vuula. De 


The feed of Nettle ftirreth wp luft,efpecially drunke with Cute : for(as Galen faith)it hath init C eee 
i acertaine windinefle.- 
It 


708 _Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz.2. 


Tt conco&ethand draweth out of the cheft raw humors. 
It is good for them that cannot breathe vnleffe they hold their necks vpright,and forthofe thar 
haue the pleurifie, and for fuch as be fick of the inflammation of the lungs, if it be taken ina looch 


ot licking medicine, and alfo againft the troublefome cough that children haue, called the Chin- 


. couch, 
F Nicander afirmeth that it is a remedie againft the venomous qualitie of Hemlocke,Mu fhroms, 
, and Quick-filuer. ; 
G And Apollodorts faith that it isa counterpoyfon for Henbane, Serpents, and Scorpions, 
HAs Pii; y witneffeth, the fame Author writeth, that the oyle of it takes away the ftinging which 
1 the Nettle it felfe maketh. 


The fame groffely powned, and drunke inwhite wine, is amoft fingular medicine againft the 
{tone either in the bladder or in the reines,as hath beene dften proued, to the great eafe andcom- 
fort of thofe thar haue been gricuonfly tormented with that maladie. 

Itexpelleth grauell, and caufeth to make wate? 

The leaues ofany kinde of Nettle,or the feeds, do worke the likee 


: ffeit, but not with that good 
{peed and foaffuredly as the Romane Nettle ; 


Cusp. 238. Of Hempe. 


£ 2 Cannabis fomina, 
Femeline,or Female Hempe. 


1 Cannabis mas. 
Male or Steele Kempe. 


@| The Defeription. : 

1 Empe bringeth forth round ftalkes, ftraight, hollow, fiue or fix foor high, full of bran- 
ches when it groweth wilde ofit felfe ; but when itis fowne in fields it hath very few 

or nobranches atall. The leaues thereofbe hard, tough, fomewhat blacke, and if 


2 There is another,being the female Hemipe,yet barren and without feed, contrarie vnto the 
nature 


ia i 
| ; 


& 


| ia; ts 2. ’ OF the Hiftory of Plants: . 


ry 
: 

) nature of that fex ; which is very like tothe other being th 

| 

: 


he maic,and one mutt be gathered befre 
the other be ripe, elfe it will wither away,and come tono good purpofe, By 
@ The Place. 
Hempe,as (o/umella writeth, delighteth to grow ina fat dunged and waterie foile,or plaine and 
moift, and deepely digged. nie ; 
/ | The Time. ; 
Hempe is fowne in Matchand Apiill; the firtt is ripe in the end of Auguft, the other in Iuly, 
rr @ The Names. . 

This is named of the Grgeians ras: alfo of the Latines Cannabés - the Apothecaries keep that 
name :in high-Dutch, Zager hat + of the Italians Canape : of the Spaniards,Canamo : in French, 
Chanure: of the Brabandets, teensp: in Englith, Hempe. The male is called Charle Hempe,and 
‘Winter Hempe : the feggialle; Basten Hempe, and Sommer Hempe. 

ew] The Temperature and Vertues. 

priteth in his bookes of the facultiés of fimple medicines, ishard 4 
acke and head,and conraineth init an ill iuyce : notwithftanding 
rched, cum alijs tragematis, with other junkets. ; 
} {aid Author faith in his booke of the faculties ofmedicinés, andis BR 
 fogteata drier, as that ic déieth vp the feed iftoo much be catenofir. 
 Diofiorides faith, That tg tuyce of the herbe dropped into the eares affwageth the paine there. C 
__ of proceeding (as I take it) of obftruction or ftopping, as Galen addeth. 
The inner fub {tance or pulpe of the feed preffed out in fome kinde of liquor, is giuen to tho’ D 

that haue the yellow jaundice, when the difeafe firtt appeares, and oftentimes with good fuccefle, 
if the difeafe come of obftruGion without an aguie ; for it openeth the paflage of the gall, and di- 
| fperfeth and concoéteth the choler through the whole body. 
| ig Matthiolus faith,that the feed giuen to hens caufeth them to lay egges more plentifully, E 


of digeftion, hurtfull to the § 
fome do vfe to eate the famef 
» It confumethwinde, as 


itil 


Cuar. 239. Of wilde Hempe. 


L Cannabis Spurite $ 2 Cannabis Spuriaaltera. 
DM asa rs Baftard Hempe. 
G ole of tus (chrodu. ] : : 

iy 


2 een en RE OR natn tea 


es 


apes eee 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


3 Cannabts Spuria tertia. qj The Defeription. 
Small Baftard Hempe. 55 
I His wilde Hempe, called Casna- 
bis Spuria, or Battard Hempe, 
hath {mal flender hoary and hai- 
ri¢ ftalkesa foot high, befer ar cuery ioynt 
with two leaues, fmally indented about the 
edges fomewhat likea Nettle. The floures 
grow inrundles about the ftalkes , of a pur- 
ple colour, and fometimes alfo white: the 
rootis littleand threddy. 

2 There is likewife anotherkind ofwild 
Hempe which hath hairie ftalkes and leaues 
like the former, bur the floures are eréater, 
gaping wide open like the floutes of Lamium, 
ordead Nettle, whereof this hath been taken 
forakinde: but hee thatknowerth any thing 
may cafily difcerne the fauor ofhempe from 
the fmell of dead Nettle. The floures are ofa 
cleare and light carnation colour, declining 
to purple. 

3. There isalfo another kinde of wilde 
Hempe like vnto the laft before mentioned, 
fauing thatitis fmaller in each refpea, and 
not fo hairy. The leafe is fomewhat rounder : 
the root {mall and threddy : the floure is lar- 
ger, being purple orwhitewith a yellow fpot 
in the infide. 


@) The Place. 

Thefe kinds of wild or baftard Hempe do 
grow vpon hills and nrountaines , and barren 
: hilly grounds, efpecially in earable land,as I 
haue often feene in the corne fields of Kent, as about Grauefend, Southfleet,and inall the tra@ 
from thence to Canturbury, and in many places about London. — 

G The Time, f 

Thefe herbes do floure from Iuly to the end of Auguft. 

G The Names. 

It fhall fuffice what hath been fee downe in the titles for the L 
Hempe, Nettle Hempe, and Baftard Hempe. 

@| The Temperatuye andVertues. 


The temperature and faculties are referred to the manured Hempe, notiy ithftanding they are 
not vfed in phy ficke where the other may be had. 


atine names : in Englifh, Wilde 


Cuar, 240, Of Water-Hempe. 
@ The Defcription, 
I VW Ater-Hempe or Water-Agrimony is feldome found in| 


itis called Expatorium Cannabinum fee 
ortherne countries in moitt places, and in th 


1ot regions, for which caufe 
mina Septentrionalium, and groweth in the cold 
1e mid ft of ponds, flow running rivers, and ditches, 
T he root continueth long, hauling many long and flender ftrings, after the nature ofwater herbes: 
the ftalkes grow acubit anda halfe high, of a darke purple colour,with many branches ftanding by 
ciitances one fromanother. The leaues are more indented and leffe hairy thanthe male kind : the 
Houres grow at the top, ofa browne yellow colour, {potred with blacke fpots like CA fler atticus, 
which confifteth of fucha fubftance as is in the miditof the Daifie, or the Tanfie floure,and is fet 
about with fmall and fharpe leaues, fuch as are about the Rofe, which caufeth the whole floure to 
refemblea fta r,and it fauoreth like gum Elemni,Rofine or Cedar wood when it is burned. The feed 


1s long like Pyrethrum,clofely thruft together,and lightly cleaueth to any woollen garment,that it 
toucheth 


ate 


| : 
| Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 
| 


toucheth by reafon of his roughnefle. + ‘This is found with the leaues whole,and alfowith theni 
} parted into three parts: the firft varietie was expreft by our Authors figure; and the (econd: is ex- 
| preft by this we giue you in the place thereof. + 4 
2° There is another wilde Hempe growing inthe water, whereof there be two forts more, de- 
lighting to grow in the like ground, in fhew differing very little. This {prings vp with long round 
j ftalkes, and fomewhat reddith, about two cubits high, or fomething higher : they are befet with 
| long greene leaues indented about the edges,whercof you fhal fee commonly fiue or feuen of thofé 
| Ieaues hanging vpon one ftem like the leaues of Hempe, but yet fofter. The floures are little, of a 
j pale reddith colour, confifting of foft round tufts, and ftand perting vpon the top of the {prigges, 
| which at length vanifh away into downe : the root vnderneath is full of threddy ftrings of a mean 
bigneffe. ; 
1 Eupatorium Cannabinum femina. 
‘eg Hempe, or Lye Agrimony, 
iderd 7 ‘ 


+ 2 Eupmorium Cannatinum mas. 
Common Dutch Agrimonie, 


A, Nee 


@ The Place. Y : 
Théy grow about the brinks of ditches, running waters, and ftanding pooles,and in watery pla- 


ces almoft euery where. 
The Time. 


. They floure and flotrith in Iuly and Auguft: the root continues, but the ftalkes and leaties wi- 
ther away in Winter. 
@ The Names. , 
The baftard or wilde Hempes, efpecially thofe of the water, are commonly called Hepatorinm 
Cannabinum : of diuers alfo Eupatorium, Leonhar. Fuchfius hameth it Eupatorium A dulterraum : of 
moft, Cannabina, of the likeneffe it hath with the leaues of Cannabis, Hempe, and Eupatorium Ani- 
venne. It is thought alfo to be that which Bvpri/ta Sardus doth terme TerXola : in high-Dutch, S), 
unigund kraut ; that is to fay in Latine, Sancta Cunigunde herba, S. Cunigunds herbe : in Low- 
Dutch, Boelkens kruit sin Englith, Water Hempe, Baftard and water Agrimonie. Itis called. 
epatorinm, of the facultie, being good for Hepar,the liuer. in Ihaue named the fecond Common 
Dutch Agrimonie,becaufe it is commonly vfed for Agrimonie in the fhops of that countrey. ¢ 
The Temperature. . 
The leaues and roots of thefe herbes are bitter,aifo hot and dry in the fecond degree : they hate 
vertue to fcoure and open, to attenuate or make thinne thicke and groffe humours, and to expell or 


driue them forth by vrine: they clenfe and purifie the bloud. ee 
@ The 


Cann 4 


4 
th Ww 


bcd rteermtr 


4 
' 


5. ee Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 
q| The Vertues, which chiefcly belone tothe laft defcribed. 
A The decoéion hereof is profitably giuen to thofe that be feabbed and hatie filthy skinnes 3 and 
likewife to fuch as haue their fpleen and liner {topped or fwolne : for it taketh away the ftoppings 
of both thofe intrals, and alfo of the gall: wherefore it iggood for them that haue the jaundice, 
efpecially fomewhat after the beginning, ; 
The herbe boyled in wine or water is fingular good againft tertiah Feuers, 
The deco@ion drunke, and the leaues outwardly applied, do heale all wounds both inward and 
outward. 
$ Fachfius faith thatthe fecond is very etfetuall again poyfon, And Gefwer in his Epiftles 
aftirmeth, that he boyled about a pugil of the fibres ofthe root of this plant in wine, and drunke it, 
chan houre after gaue him one ftoole, and afterwards twelue vomits, whereby he caft vp much 
fleeme : fo that itworkes (faith he) like white Hellebor, but much more eafily and fafely, and ir 


Lis.2. 


Ow 
"| 


re 
oy, 


did me very much good. + 


Cra 2413 Of Egrimonie. 


Acrimonia gq The Defcription, 
Agrimonie ; 

Oe, RS OER SCRE LO, He leaues of Agtimonie are long & haie 
rie, greene aboue,and fomewhat grayifh 
vnderneath , parted into diuers orhet {mall 
Jeaues {nipt round about the edges, almoft 
like the leanes of hempe: the ftaike is two 
foot and ahalfe long, rough & hairy, where- 
upon grow many {mall yellow floures one a- 
boue another vpwards toward the top : after 
the floures come the feeds fomewhat long 
and rough, like to fall burs hanging down- 
wards ; which when they be ripe doe catch 
hold vpon peoples garments that paffe by ir, 
The root is great, long,and blacke. 1 

q The Place. 
__ It growes in barren places by highwayes, 
inclofures of medowes, and of corne fields, 
and oftentimes in woods and copfes, andal- 
moft cuery where, 
@ The Time. 

{t floureth in Iune and fomwhat later, and 

feedeth after that a great partof Sommer. 
& The Names. 

The Grecians call it zmnem:and the La- 
tines alfo Eupatorium : Pliny, Eupatoria’: yet 
there is another Expatorium in Apuleius , and 
that 1s Marrubium,Horehound, In like maner 
the Apothecaries of Germany haue another 
Hepatorinm that is there commonly vfed, be- 
ing deferibed in the lat chapter, and may be 
named Hepatorium adulierinum. Agrimonie is named Lappaiauerfa: and it is fo called, becaufe the 
feeds which are rough like burresdo hang downwards: of fome,Philant hropos of the cleauing qua- 
litie of the feeds hanging to mens garments: the Italians and Spaniards cal] it Acvamonia: in high 
Dutch, Odermteng, Weuckwourts : in low-Dutch, in French, and in Englith, Agrimonieand Egri- 
monte : Eupatorium taketh the name of Eypator, the finder of it ont :and (faith P/imy) it hatha roy- * 
all and princely authoritie, 


@] The Temperature. 
Ttis hot,and doch moderately inde, and is of a temperate drineffe. Galen faith that A grimonie 
is of fine and fubtill pares,chac it curteth and {couteth . therefore,faith he, it remoues ob frutions 
- or {toppings out 


is 1N ll. 


he liuer, and doth likewife ftrengthen it by teafon of the binding quality that 


q The 


en 
Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 713 


q The Vertues. 
The deeodion of the leaues of Egtimony is good for them that haue naughty liuers,and for A 
fuchas piffe bloud vpon the difeafes of the kidnies. 
The feed being drunke in wine (as Pliny affirmeth) dothhelpe the bloudy flixe. B 
Diofcorides addeth, that it is a remedy for them that haue bad liuers,and for fuchasarebitten C 
D 


with .ferpents. : 

The leaues being ftamped with old fiines greafe, and applied, clofeth vp vicers that behardly 
healed,as Diofcorides faith, : ; 

$+ Agrimony boiled inwine and drunke, helpes inueterate hepaticke fluxes in old people. f & 


Cuar. 24% Of Sarewoort. 


1. 2. Serratulapurpuyea, fine alba. 

Saw-woort with purple,or white floures, G], The Defeription. 

Catena Pec A art eked : . 

x i i pte plant which the new writers 
haue called Serratula differeth from 
Betonica, although the Antients haue {o called 
Betony ; It hath large leaves fomewhat fnipt 
about the edges like a faw (whereof it taoke his 
name) rifing immediately from the roor: a. 
mong which come vp ftalkes of a cubite high, 
befet with leaues very deepely cut or jagced 
euen to the middle of the rib, not much valike 
the male Scabious. The ftalkes towards the 
top diuide themfelues into other fmall bran. 
ches, at the top whereof they beare floures 
fomewhat fealy, likethe Knapweed,butnot fo 
great nor hard:at the top of the knap commeth 
forth a bufhie or thrummy floure, ofa purple 
colour. The root is threddy, and thereby in. 
creafeth and becommeth ofa great quantity, 

2. Sawewoort with white Houres differeth 
not from the precedent, but in the colour of 
the floures : for as the other bringeth forth a 
buth of purple floures ; ina manrer this plant 
bringeth forth floures of the fame fafhion, but 
ofa {now white colour, wherein confifteth the 
difference. 

~ Our Authour out of Tabervamontanys 
gaue ‘three figutes,with as many defcriptions 
i of this plant, yet made it onely to vary inthe 

= pie colour of the floures,being cither purple,white, 
orred ; but he did not touch the difference which Tabernamontanus by his figures expreft, which 
was,the firft had all the Jeaues whole,being only fhipt about the edges ; the lower leaues of the fe. 
cond were moft of them whole, and thofe vpon the ftalkes deepely cut in, or-diuided, and the 
third had the leaues both below and aboueall cut inor deepely diuided. The figure which we 
here giuelyou expreffes the firft and third varicties,and if you pleafe, the one may be with white, 
and the other with red or purple floures. + 


@ The Place. 
Sawe-woort groweth in woods and fhadowie places, and fometimes in medowes, They grow 
in Hampfted wood: likewife I haue feene it growing in great abundance in the wood adjoining 
to Iflington, within halfe a mile fromi the furtherend of the towne, and in fundry places of Effex 
and Suffolke, 
: @ The Time. 


They floure in Iuly and Auenft. : 
i hie Oo0 q The 


A 


’ 


ai 4 - Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Intend 


q| The Names. 
The later age doe call them Serratwla, and Serratula tinéoria, it differeth aswe haue faid from 


Betony, which is alfo called Serratula . other names if it haueany we know not: it is called in- 
Englifh Sawewoort. $ Cafalpinus calls it Cerretta and Serretta , and Thalins, Centauraides, or Cen- 
taurinm mains [ylvefire Germanium. + 


9 The Temperature and Vertues, 
Serratula is wonderfully commended tobe moft fingular for wounds, ruptures, burftings, and 


fuch like : and is referred vnto the temperature of Sanicle.. 


Cua. 243. Of Betony: 
a The Defcripiion. 
: Etony gtoweth vp with long leaues and broad, of a darke greene colour, flightly in. 


dented about the edges likea faw.. The ftalke is flender, foure {quare,{omewhat rough, 
a footehigh more or leffe. It beareth eared floures, of a purpli(h colour, and fome. 


times reddith ; after the floures, commeth in place long cornered feed. The root confifteth of 
many ftrings. 


2 Betony with white fioures is like the 


e Beratie precedent in each refpe a, fauing that the flours 
Betony. of this plant are white, and of gteater beautie, 


hy kone sb i inadll at and the others purple or red,as aforelaid. 
¢ q The Place. 

Betony loues thadowie woods, hedge-rowes, 
and copfes,the boilers of paftures,and {uch like 
places. 

Betony with white floutes is feldome feene. 
I found itina woodby a village called Hamp- 
ftead, neere ynto a worfhipfull Gentlemans 
houfe, one of the Clerkes of the Queenes coun- 
fell called M. Wade, from whence I broughe 
plants foy my garden, where they flourith as in 
their natural] place of growing. 

1. Thei,tme. 

They floure and flourifh for the moft part in 
Tune and Luly, 

The Names. 

Betony is called in Greceke xe: in Latine, 
Betonica : of diuers Vetogica : but vnproperly, 
There is likewife another Betonica, which Paulus 
eAzineta defcribed ; and Galen in his firlt booke 
of the gouernment of health fheweth that it is 
called xiser, that is to fay, Be‘onica, Betonie, and 
alfo Sarxiphagon : Diofcorides notwithftanding 
doth deferibe another Sarxiphacon. 


q The Temperature. 


.Betony is hotand dry inthe fecond degree : ir 
hath force to cut,as Gale faith. 


@ The Vertues. 


Betony is good for them thatbe fubjecét tothe falling fickeneffe,and for thofealfo that haue 
ill heads vpona cold caufe. : 
Itclenfeth the Inngs and cheft, it taketh away obftructions or ftoppings of the liver, milt, and 
all : itis good againft the yellow jaundife. ‘ : : ai 
Itmaketh amanto havea good ftomack and appetite to his meate:it preuaileth againft fower 
belchings : 


a ee 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


Lis. 2. 


belchings : it maketh a man to piffewell :itmitigateth painein the kidnies atid bladder iit brea- 
keth ftones in the kidnies, and driueth them forth. 


It is alfo good for ruptures,cramps,and convulfions : it is a remedie againft the bitings of mad D 


dogs and venomous ferpents, being drunke, and alfo applied to thehurts, and is moft fingular a- 
gainft poyfon. i 
It is commended againft the paine of the Sciatica, orache of the huckle bone. 


c 
There isa Conferue made of the floures and fugar good for many things,and efpecially for the E 


head-ache. A dram weightof the root of Betonie dried, and taken with meade or honied water, 
procureth vomit, and bringeth forth grofleand rough humors, as diuers of our age do report, 

The pouder of the dried leaues drunke inwine is good for them that {pit or piffe bloud,and cu- 
reth all inward wounds, efpecially the greene leaues boyled inwine and g1uen. 

The pouder taken with meate loofeth the belly very gently,and helpeth them that hauc the fal- 
ling fickneffe with madneffe and head-ache. 

Itis fingular againtt all paines of the head : it killeth wormes in the belly ; helpeth the Agué: 
it cleanfeth the mother, and hath great vertue to heale the body, being hurt within by bruifing or 
fuch like. 


~ Cuar. 244. Of Water-Betony. 
" a The Defiription. 


VV" ter Betony hath great fquare hollow and brown ftalks, whereon are fet very broad leaues 

notched about the edges like vnto thofe of Nettles, ofa fwart greene colour, growing for 
the moft part by tvoand two as it were from one ioynt, oppofite, or ftanding one rightagainft an 
other. The floures grow at the top ofthe branches, of a darke purple colour, in fhapelike to little 
helmets. The feed is fmall; contained in round bullets or buttons, The root is compact of many 
and infinite ftrings. 


Betonica aquatica. j qj The Place, 
WaterBetony. ' 
S try plore ag ae It groweth by brookes and running waters, 


by ditch fides, and by the brinks of rivers, and 
is feldome found indry places. 
a The Time. 
It foureth in luly and Auguft, and from 
that time the feed waxeth ripe. 
q The Names. 

Water Betonie is called in Latine Betonica 
aquatica. {ome haue thought it Diofcorzdes his 
Clymenum ; others, his Galeopfis : it is Strophu- 
laria alteraof Dodonaus » of Turner , Clymenon : 
of foe, Sefamoides minus, but not properly : of 
others, Serpentaria : in Dutch, 4,4 Antonies 
crupd in Englith, Water Betonie : and by 
fome, Browne-wort : in Yorke-fhire, Bifhops 
Teaues’ 

q The Temperature. 

Water Betony is hot and dry. 

@| The Vertues, 

The leaues of Water Betony are of a {cou- A 
ring or cleanfing qualitie, and is very good to 
mundifie foule and ftinking vicers, efpecially 
the iuyce boyled with honey, 

It is reported, if the face be wafhed with B 
the iuyce thereof, it taketh away the redneffe 
and defotmitie of it. 


Ooo 2 Cina By 


G 


H 


eee 


ae 


716 er "OF the Hiftory of Plants. Liz, 2. 


Cuar. 249. 
Of Great Figge-wort, or Brownewort. 
q The Defcription, 


He great Fig-wort {pringeth vp with ftalkes foure {quare, two cubits high, of aidarke 
purple colour,and hollow within : the leaues grow alwayes by couples,as itwere from - 
one ioynt, oppofite, or ftanding one right againft another,broad,fharpe pointed, fnip- 
ped round about the edges like the leaues of the greater Nettle, but bigger, blacker, and nothin 
at all ftinging when they be touched : the floures in the tops of the branches are ofa darke purple 
colour, very like in forme to little helmets: then commeth vp little {mal feed in pretty round bur- 
tons, but fharpe atthe end : the root is whitifh, befet with little knobs and bunches as it were 
knots and kernels. 

2  Thereis another Figee-wort called Scrophularia Indica, that hath many and great branches 
trailing here and there vpon the ground, full of leaues, in fafhion like the wilde orvcommon Thi- 
ftle, buraltogether without prickes :among the leaues appeare the floures in fafhion like a hood, 
on the out fide of a feint colour, and within intermixt with purple; which being fallen and wi- 
thered, there come in place fmall knops very hard to breake, and fharpeat the pointasa bodkin: 
which containeth a fmall feed likeynto Time. The whole plant perifhethat the firft approch of . 
Winter, and muft be fowen againe in April}, in good and fertile grounds + This is the Scrophula- 
ria Cretica t.Of Clufius. $ 


% Scrophularia maior. $2 4 ikea: came 
Great Fig-wort. Indian Fig-wort, 


£3. The ftalke ofthis is alfo fquare, and fome yard high, 
hedge Nettle, but fomewhat larger and thicker, and a littledce 
thefe leaues come little rough foot-ftalkes for 
low round floutes of a green 


fetwith leaues like thofe of the 
: per cut in : out of the bofomes' of. 
me inch or two long,cartying fome foure or fiue hol- 
( greenith yellow colour,with fome threds in them, being openat the top, 
and cutinwith fine little gafhes: the feeds are blacke,and contained in veflels like thofe of the 


firft 


Lis.2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 0 a a9 


firftdefcribed :the root is like that of the Nettle, and liues many yeares ? it flouresein May, and 
the feeds are ripe in Iune. I haue not found nor heard of this wilde with vs,but feen it flourifhing 


inthe garden of my kinde friend M*, oha Parkinfon. Clufius calls it Lamium 2. Pannonicum exot;- 
cum ; and Banhine hathdet it forth by the name of Scrophularia flore luteo : whom in this [ follow. $ 


£ 3 Scrophularia flore lutco. G The Place. 
Yellow floured Fig-wort. Te 
Con rola firdonin vero. The great Scrophularia groweth plentiftilly 


N) 
I 


4 in fhadowie Woods, and fometimes in moifk 


SN’ medowes , efpecially in greateft aboundance 
SN inawood as you go from London to Harrie. 


fey,andal{o in Stow wood and Shotouer neere 
Oxford. 

The ftrange Indian figure was fent me from 
Paris by John Robin the Kings Herbarift, and it 
now groweth in my garden, 

d | The Time, 

They floute in Iuneand Tuly. 

q The Names, 

Fig-wort of Kernel-wort is éalled in Latine 

Scrophularia maior,that it might differ from the 


cota 
ca 


nN ( leffer Celandine,which is likewife called Scyo- 
Pues phularia, with this addition minor,the lefler sit 
“Ry EEC) N\ N is called of fome Millemorbia, and Caftrangula : 
EGEZEENSS in Englith,great Fig-wort, or Kernel-wort,bue 
SSS mott vitally Brown-wort. 
> @]. The Vertues. 
aU nN Fig-wort is good againft the hard kernells 


which the Grecians call e+: the Latines, 

Strumas,and commonly Scrophulas,that is, the 

re Kings Euill :and it is reported tobe a remedy 

\ againft thofe difeafes whereof ip tooke his 

y name, as alfo the painefull pilés and fivelling 
= iN ofthe hemorrhoides, “ en 

aX si) N WY Diuers dorafhly teach, that if it be hanged 

YS FEZ A\ AN aN. about the necke, orelfe carried about one, it 

: : keepeth a man in health. 

Some do ftampe the root with butter, and fet it ina moift fhadowie piace fifteene dayes toge- 

| ther: then they do boyle it, ftraine it,and keepe it,wherewith they anoinethe hard kernels,and the 
_ hemorthoideveines, or the piles which are in the fundament, and that with good fucceffe, 


> 
Cuar. 246. Of Veruaine. “a 
q] The Defcriptions 
t He ftalke of vpright Veruaine rifeth ftom the root fingle, cornered, a foot high; 


feldome aboue a cubite , and afterwards divided into many branches. The leaues 
are long, greater than thofe of the Oke, but with bigger cuts and deeper: the floures 
_ along the fprigs are little, blew, or white, orderly placed : the root is Jong, with ftrings growing 
on it, ‘ 
2 Creeping Veruaine fendeth forth ftalkes like vnto the former, now and then acubit long, 
( cornered, more {lender, for the moft part lying vpon the ground. The leaues are like the former, 
{but with deeper cuts, and more in nutber. The floures at the tops of the fprigs ate blew, and 
| purple withall, very {mall as thofe of the laft defcribed , and placed after the fame manner and 
i order. Theroot groweth firaight downe being flender and long, as is alfo the root of the 
if former, S 


% 000 3 @| Th 


A 


B 


Cc 


~ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ‘Lis. 


1 Venpenacommunts. 2 Verbenafacra. 
; Common Veruaine, . Common Veruaine. 


U uk PALL RAAAOUCALS 6 


@| The Place. 

Both of them grow in vntilled places neere vnto hedges,high-wayes,and commonly by ditches 
almoft euerywhere. +4 I hauenot feene the fecond , and doubt it is notto be found wilde in 
England. + 

q The Time. 

The Veruaines floure in uly and Auguft. 

@| The Names. 

Veruaine is called in Greeke «esp: in Latine, Verbena, and Yerbenaca, Herculania, Ferravia, and 
Exupera : of fome,Matricals,and Hiera botane: of others, Vervena, and Sacra herba:V erbene are 
herbes that were taken from the Altar, or ftom fome holy place,which becaufe the Confull or 
Pretor did cut vp, they were likewife called Sagmina, which oftentiwesare mentioned in Lixy to 
be graffie herbes cut vp inthe Capitoll. P/iny alfo inhis two and twentieth booke, and eleuenth 
Chapterwitneffeth, That Yerbene and Saginina be all one : and this is manifeft by that which wee 
reade in Anda in Terence : Ex araverbenas hinc fume ;Take herbes here from the Altar: inwhich 
place Terener did not meane Veruaine tobe taken from the Altar,but fome certaine herbes : for in 
Menander, out of whom this Comediewas tranflated, is read jor, or Myrtle, as Dovatus faith. In 
Spanifh it is called Vreebaom : in Italian , Verminasula: in Dutch, Bev crutjt:in French,, Ver- 
uaine : in Englith, Iuno’s teares, Mercuries moift bloud,Holy-herbe ; and of {ome,Pigeons graffe, 
or Columbine, becaufe Pigeor delighted tobe amongft it, as alfo toearthereof,as Apuleius 
writeth, 


@ The Temperature. 
Both the Veruaines are of temperature very dry,and.do meanly binde and coole. 
q The V ertues, 

The leaues of Veruaine pownd with oile of Rofes or hogs greafe,doth mitigate and appeafe the 
paines of the morher, being applied thereto. 

The leaues of Veruaine and Rofes ftamped witha little new hogs greafe, and emplaiftered after 
the manner of a pulteffe,doth ceafe the inflammation and erieuous paines of wounds,and fuffereth 
them not to come to corruption: and the greene leaues {tamped with hogs greafe takes away the 
felling and paine of hor impoftumes and tumors,and cleanfeth corrupt and rotten vicers. 

It is reported tobe of fingular force againft the Tertian and Quartane Feuers:but you muft 

obferue 


Lie. 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


4 a 


— obferue mother Bombiesrules,to take iuft fo many knots or fprigs, and no more, left j 


® that itdo you no good,if you catch no harm by it. Many odde old wiues fables a 

#) uaine tending towitchcraft and forcerie, which you may read elfewhere, for { ay 

trouble your eares with reporting fuch trifles,as honeft eares abhorre to heare. 
Archigenes maketh a garland of Veruaine for the head-ache,when the caufe of the ing 

© proceedeth of hear. 

/ The herbe ftamped with oile of rofes and Vineger, or the decotion of it made in oile of rofe 

2 

: 


LCS, 
BI 


ies} 


keepeth the haires from falling, being bathed or annointed therewith. 
It isa remedic againft putrified wicers,it healeth vp wounds, and perfe@ly cureth Fiftulaes, it p 
waftethaway old fwellings,and taketh away the heat of inflammations, : 

: Thedecoétion of the roots and leaues fiwageth the tooth-ache,and fafteneth them, and healeth G 

} thevicers of the mouth. y 

j They report faith Plizy, that ifthe dining roome be fprinckled with water in which the herbe W 

| hath beene fteeped,the guefts will be the merrier,which al fo Diofcorides mentioneth. 5 

/ 

§ 

j 


Mott of the latter Phyfitions do giue the iuice or decoction hereof to them that hath the plague I 


but thefe men are deceiued,not only in that they looke for fome truth from the father of falfhood 


4 ‘ So na 

and leafings,but alfo becaufe in ftead ofa good and fureremedie they minifter no remedy at all vant 
} for itis reported,that the Diuell did reueale it as a fecret and diuine medicine. ili ' 
| iy +] { ; 
| LER ae | 
| SUE SE nda ip 2 rego RS 
i a 
4 ‘ . 4 BY bes 
| Cuar.247, Of Scabious. AA ee 
1 i | ) 
| i) | i { 
. F 1 Scabiofamaior vulearis, $ 2 Scabiofaminor,fiue Columbayid. MRE ee 
\ Common Scabious. : _ The fmall’ common Scabious, a aa 
| « . ae ry) . 14 i pie 
: Cc to SO OND eM SiS — ea Lo, Sow CoG As ARO — | H i 
| : an Abe 


@ The Defcription. 


I He firft kinde of Scabious being the moft commonand beft known,hath leaues long i 
and broad,ofa grayifh,hoary,and hairy colour,{pred abroad vpon the ground, among ith 
which rife vp round and rough ftems,befet with hairy iageed leaues, in fathion like AN 


gyrear 
great 


720 OF the Hiftory of Plants, : Lied, 


great Valerian,which we call Setwall. At the top of the ftalks grow blew floures in thicke: tufts 
or buttons. The root is white and { ngle. ; 

2 The fecond is like vnto the former, fauing that his leaucs are much cut or lagged, and the 
whole plant is altogether leffer,fcarcely growing tothe height ofa foor. 

3. ‘Thethird kinde of Scabious is in all things like vnto the fecond, faning that theknap or 
head doth not dilate it felfe fo abroad,and is not fo thicke or clofely thruft together, and the low- 
eftleaues arenot fo deepely cut or iagged, but the vpperare much {maller,and alfo rhe more di. 
uided, 

t 4 The fourth groweth with large {talkes,hauing two leaues one fet right againft another, 
very much iagged,almoft like vnto common Ferne,or rather Afh: and at the top of the ftalks there 
grow larger floures,likevngo the firft,but greater, and the roote is alfo like it,and it differs no waie 
from the firft defcribed,but onely by reafon of the foile, 

5 Purple floured Scabious hath a rough hairie ftalke, whereon doe grow broad leaues deepe- 
ly cut in the edges, in forme like thofe of Sowthiftle,rough likewife and hairie;the floures grow at 
the top of the ftalks, compofed of an innumerable fort of purple thrums : afterwhich come fealy 
knaps like thole of Jacea,or Knapweed, wherein is the feed. The root is f{malland threddie, 

+ 6 The fixth fort of Scabious hath ftalks fome cubite high,round, and fer with leaues not 
cut and iagged almoft to the middle rib,as in the former, yet fomewhatrough and hairie, {nipta- 
bout the edges,and ofa light greene colour;among ft which rife vp rough ftalkes,on the top where- 
ofdo grow fairered floures confifting ofa bundle of thrummes. The toot is long, tough,and fi- 
brous. + 

7 Thefeuenth kinde of Scabious hath fundrie great, rough and round ftemmes 
tall man,befet with leaues like the firft Scabious,but far greater. The floures grow at the top of | 
the ftalkes like vnto the others , but of a faint yellow colour,which fallas foone as it is touched 
with the hand , whereby it mightily increafeth, notwithftanding the roote endureth for many 
yeares,and groweth to be wonderfull great:and in my garden ir did grow to the bignefle ofamans | 


body. 


»ashighasa 


t 3 Scabiofa media, 4 Scabiofa campeftris five feretum, 
Middle Scabious, Corne Scabious. 


“Litea OF the Hiftory of Plants: 


fy 


5 Scabiofa flare purpurco. 


T 6 Scabiofa rubra Auftriaca, 
Purple floured Scabious, 


Red Seabious of Auftrich; 


Tt 9 Scabiofa montana maxima: 


8. Scabiofa montanaalba, 
Mountaine Scabious. 


White mountaine Scabious? 


an 


es 


Saininessiinmeeeeneneeae 


OF the Hiftorie off Plane: LA vie, 


6.8 cabiofamaior Hifpanica, 
Spanifh Scabious. 


Lo Scabiofa perecrina. 
Strange Scabious. 


+ x11 Scabiofa omnium minima, 


$ 8 Thewhite mountaine Scabious hath broad 
Sheepes Scabious, 


Jeaues {pred ypon the ground, like thofe of the field 
Primrofe, but greater, Amongftwhich rifeth vpa 
gteat ftiffe ftalke {mooth and plain,garnifhed with 
leaues not like thofé next the ground , but leffer, 
much more diuided,and ofa greener colour & har- 
der. The floures are like thofe of the common Sca- 
bious,but white ofcolour: the root of this perifhes 
cuery yeare after the perfecting of the feed. ¢ 

9  Theninth kinde of Scabious is like vnto the 
mountaine Scabious,but lower and {maller,hauing 
fundry large and broad leaues next the ground, 
fnipt confufedly and out of order atthe edges like 
the Oken leafe, among which rifeth vpa ftem two 
cubites hich , diuiding it felfe into fundry other 


branches. The flontes are fet at the top of the na- 
ked ftalkes,of a whitith colour ; which being paft,the feed appeareth like a tuft of fmall bucklers, 


round, and fomewhat hollow within,and made as it were Of parchment,very ftrange to behold:and 
within the bucklers there are fundry fmall crofles of blacke fattened to the bottome, as it were 
the needle in adiall,running vpon the point of ancedle. The plant dieth at the beginning of win- 
ter,and muft be fowne in Aprill in good and fertile ground. 

to The tenth is like vnto the Jaft before mentioned, in {talkes,root, and floures, and differeth 
that this plant hath leaues altogether without any cuts oriagges about the edges, but is fmooth 
and plaine like the leaues of Marigolds,or Diuels bit,and the floures are like vnto thofe of the lat 
deferibed. m5 

ir  Sheeps Scabious hath fmall and tender branches trailing vpon the ground,whereupon do 
grow {mall leaues very finely iagged or minced euen almoft to the middle ribbe, of an ouerworne 
colour. The Aoures grow atthe top ofa blewifh colour,confifting ofmuch thrummie matter,hard 
thruft together like abutton?the root is {mall,and creepeth in thé@ground. 


12 The 


7:33 


Of the Hiftory of Plants, 


$.13 Scabi 


Ss 
= 
S 
Qs 
3. 
TS 
ees} 
ia] 
Qo 
ya 
OO 
= oO 
ae 
= Ss 
§ x 
aed 
SY 
are 


1 


Dai 


S 


Hairie Sheepes Scabiou 


12 Scabiofa minima hirfuta. 


t 7 Scabio 
Chi 


~ 
6 


ftras 


[a proli 
Iding Scabious: 


yy 
4) 
} 


Scabious, 


a 


$ 14 Scabiofeffore pallidp 


Yellow 


724. Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lis. 48 


a & The other Sheeéps Scabious of our Author(according tothe figure) is greater than the 
Jatt defcribed, growing fome foot or better high,with flender rough branches-fet with leaves not (6 
much diuided,but oneh ked about the edges : the floures are in colour and tha pel 
the laft deferibed ‘ theblew daifie ; the root is fingle, and like that of a Rampion, whence Fa- 
biws Columna (the fee milkie juice inducing him) hath refer’d this tothe Rampions,calling 
it Rapuntium monta icattam leptophyllon, Lobell calls it Scabiofamed; j 
minor, 


dia: and Dodoneus, Scabiofa 
13 Tothefe little plants we may fitly adde another fimall one refer’d by Ciufiws to this Clafiis 
and called Scabiofa. 10. five repens: yet Bawhine refers it to the Daifies,and termes it Bells cerules mon 
tana frutefcens,but it matters not to whichwe referre it : the defcription is thus 3 The root is hard 
blacke, and creeping, fo that it fpreds much vpon the furface of the ground, fending forth many 
thicke, {mooth, greene leaues, like thofe of the blew Daific, not fharpe pointed, but ending aswe 
vulgarly figure an heart, hauing acertaine grafsie but not vnpleafant {mell, and’ fomewhat a bitter 
and hot tafte:out of the middeft ot thefe leaues grow flender naked ftalks fome hand high, having 
round floures on their tops, like thof of Diuells bit,and of the fame colour, yet fometimes‘ofa 
lighter blew. It growes inthe mountaines of Hungary and Auftria, It floures in April! and 
May, and ripens the feed in Iuly and Augutt. : 


ike thofe of 


£ 16 Scabiofarubra Indica. £17 Scabiofa eftivalis Clufij. 
Red Indian Scabious. Sommer Scabious, 


14. This(which is the feuenth Scabious of Clufius,and which he termes «xerrxée, of thé whi- 
tith yellow colour ofthe floure)hath round, flender, ftiffe, and greene ftalkes ferat each joint with 
two large and much diuided leaues of awhitith greene colour: thofe Jeaues that come from the 
root before the ftalke grow vp are broader, and leffe diuided ; vpon the tops. of the branches and 
ftalkes grow floures like thofe of thecommon Scabious, being white or rather (before they be 
throughly open) ofa whitith yellow colour; which fading,there follow feedes like as in the ordi- 
narykinde. This Houres in lune and Iuly,and growes very plentifiilly inall the hilly grounds and 
dry Meades of Auftriaand Morauia. 

15 There is alfo a kinde of Scabious hauing the leaues much cut and diuidedsand the 
ftalkes and floures like to the common fort,of a blewith purple colout,but differing in this,+hatat 


tie 


Lip. 2. Of the Hittory of Plants. 545 


the fides ef the floure it puts forth little ftalkes; bearing {maller floures, as is feene in (me other 
plants, as in Daities and Marigolds, which therefore are fitly termed in Latine Pyo/:4,. or Chil: 
dung. This growes oncly in Gardens, and foures at the fame time with the former, 

16. The ftalkes ofthe red Scabious grow fome cubit or more in height, and are diuided into 
many very flender branches,which at the tops carry floures compofed after the manner of the 
other forts of Scabious, that is,of many little Houres diuided into fue parts at the top, and thefe 
are of a perfeg red. colour, and haue {mall threds with pendants at them contming forth of the 
midle of each of thefe little floures, which ‘are of a whitith colour,and maké’a pretty fhow. The 
Jeaucs are greene, and very much divided or cutin. The ftarry feeds grow in long round hairy 
heads hand fomely fet together. This isan annuall,and perifhes as foone as it hath perfected the 
feed, .Clufius makes it his\fixt Scabious,and calls it Scabiofa Indica, Ie floures in Tulyjatad growes. 
in the Gardens of our prime Herbarifts. s 
...17.. Me fame Authour hath alfo' giuen vs the figure and defcription of another Scabious, 
Which fends vpa;ftalke fome three cubits! or more high, fet at certaine {paces with leaues large, 
and {pipt about their edges,and alittle cut in neere their {} ; 


talkes.. The ftalkés are dinided into 
others,which at there tops ¢atty blewith foures-in long fealy heads, which are fiicceeded by long 
whitith feed... The roote iswhitith and fibrous,and dyes cuery yeate, This is the Seabio/a 9, fine 
aftivalis of Cl, iefins. 

; q The Place, 

Thefe kindes of Scabious do grow in paftures, medowes,corné fields,and barren fandy grounds 
almott cuery where. 

The ftrange forts do grow inmy garden, yetare they ftrangers in England. 

G The Time. 

They floure and flourith in the Sommermoneths. 

| The Names, 

Scabious is commonly called Scabiofa,diuers thinke it is named ‘ex, Which fignifieth a feabbe} 
and a certaine herbe fo called by Aétins : 1 donot know, faith Hermolaus Barbarus, whether it be 
Scabious which griys doth call Pfra,the fmoake of which being burnt doth kill cankers or little 
wormes. The Author of the Pandeds'doth interpret Scabiofato be Diofiorides his ‘tebe + Diofto- 
rides deferibeth Stebe by no markes at all, being commofily knowné in his time; and Galen in his 
firft booke of Antidotes faith thus : There is found among {tvs a certaine fhrubby herbe, hor,very 
tharpe and biting,hauing a little kind ofaromatical! or {picy fmell,which the inhabitants docall 
Colymbade, and Stebe fingular good to keepeand preferuewine:but it feemeth that this Stebe doth ~ 
differ from that of which he hathmadé mention in his booke of the faculties of medicines which 
asreeth with that of Die/corides : for hewriteth that this is ofa binding quality without biting;fo 
that itcannot be very fharpe. 

The Temperature. 

Scabious is hot and dry in the laterendiof the fecond degree, orneere hand in the third, and of 
thin and fubtile parts it cutteth, attenuateth,or maketh thin, and throughly concodteth tough 
and groffe humours. 

a The Vertues, 

Scabious fcoureth the cheft and lungs; it is good againft an old cough, fhortneffe of breath, A 
paine inthe fides,and fuch like infirmities of the cheft, ; 

The fame prouoketh vrine,and purgeth now and then rotten matter by the bladder, which hap- p 
peneth when an impoftume hath fomewhere lien within the body. a ie ; 

Itis reported that it curerh feabs,if the deeo@ion thereof be drunke certain daics,and the juice ¢ 
fed in ointments. : 

The ,later Herbarifts dodalfolaflirme that itis a remedy againft the bitings of Serpents and D 
tingings of venomous beatts; being outwardly applied or inwardly taken. : 

The juice being drunke procureth fweat; efpecially with Treacle; and it fpeedily confumeth F 
lague fores,if it be giuen in time,and forthwith at the beginning : but it muft be vfed often, Bi 

Ibis thought to be forceable,and that again(t all peftilent fevers. 

F Formerly the x. 2, 3. 11. figures were all nothing elfe than the varieties of one Plant, being of the t- 2, 304+ Scabiofa minor of Tabern they differ onely in 
more or leffe cutting or diuiding of the leaues:I haue of the(e oncly referued the third,and in other places put firch figures as are. agreeable to the sities: The 


sure that was inthe fixt place was of the ordinary firlt de(cribed Scabioussand the figure thav should hang beene theve was in the tighth place 5 and char which 
as in che feuenth place belongs xo the plane defenbed by mé in the fourteenth place. 


Ppp Cuar. 


SS 


A 
B 


Cc 


D . Andalfoto mitigate the 


726 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. SS Lmaas 


Cuar. 248. Of Dinels bit. 


q The Defcription. 
Iuels bit hath {mall vptight round ftalks of a 
Morfus Diaboli. cubite high, befet with long leaues fomewhat 
Diuels bit. broad, very little or nothing fnipt about the ed- 

5 Deceit aniecuaets ges,fomewhat hairie and cuen. The floures alfo 
Cot 6 are of a darke purple colour, fathioned like the 
floures of Scabious, which being ripe are carried 
-away with the winde. The roor is blacke,thicke, 
hard and fhort, with many threddie ftrings fafte- 
ned thereto. The great part of the roor feemeth 
tobe bitten away: old fantafticke charmers re- 
port,thar the diuell did bite it for enuie, becaufe 
it isan herbe thathath {o many good vertuesjand 
is {0 beneficiall to mankinde. 


@ The Place, 

Diuels bit groweth in drie medows and woods, 
and aboutwaies fides, I haue found great ftore of 
it growing in Hampftcad wood neere London,at 
Lee in Effex , and at Raleigh in Effex, in a 
wood called Hammerell, and fundrie other pla. 
ces. 

| The Time, : 

It floureth in Auguft,and is hard tobe knowne 

from Scabions,fauing when it foureth, 


@ The Names, 

Iris commonly called Mor/is Diaboli,or Ditels 
bit,ofthe root(as it feemeth)that is bitten offfor 
the fuperftitious people hold opinion, that the di- 
uell forenuie that he bearethto mankinde bitit * 
off,becaufe it would be otherwife good for many 
vfessit is called of Fuch(ius,Succifa:in High Dutch 
‘Ceufkels abbitszin Low Dutch, upuehles beet 
in French Mors dv Diable-in Englifh, Diuels bit, 
and Forebit. + Fabius Columna indgeth it to bee 
the Pycnocomon Of Diofeorides,Acferibed by him lib.4.caps 176. ; 

. q 7 he Temperature, 
Diuels bit is fomething bitter, and of a hot and drie temperature, and that in the later endof | 
the fecond degree. i 


P ©] The Pertues, 
There is nobetterthing againftold fellingsof the Almonds, 
behardly ripened. 
It clenfeth away flimic flegme that fticketh in the iawes. it digefteth and confumeth it? and ir 
quickely taketh away the fwellings in thofe parts, if the decoétion thereofbeoften held in the 


mouth and gargarized,efpecially if alittle quantitie of c#el Rofarum,or honié Of Rofes be put in- 
to it. 


It is reported to be good for the infirmities that Scabious ferueth for,and to be of no leffe force 


againft the ftingings of venomous beafts 2porfons,and peftilent difeafes,and to confime and wafte 
away plague fores,being ftamped and laid vpon them. 


paines of the matrix or mother,and to driue forth winde, ifthedeco- 
&ion thereofbe drunke, 


and vpper parts of the throat that 


Cuap., 


Lie. 2 : Of the Hiftorie of Plants. . 727 


Cwar.249. Of Matfellon or Knapweed. 


q The Defcription, 


Atfellon or blacke Knapweed is doubtlefle a kinde of Scabious,as all the others are, in 
tituled with the name of Iacea; yet for diftinion Thaue thought good to {et them 
downe in a feuerall Chapter, beginning with that kinde which is called in Enelith 
Knapw eedand Matfellon,or Mater filon. It hath long and narrow leaues,of a blackith green colour, 


in fhape like Diuels bit, but longer, fet vpon ftalks two cubits high,fomewhat bluntly cutor fhipt 

about the edges: the floures do grow at the top of the ftalks,being firft {mall {caly knops, like to 
the knops of Corne floure, or blew bottles, but greater;out of the midtt thereof growetha purple 
thrummie or threddie floure. The root is thickeand fhort. 

2 The great Knapweed is very like vnto the former, but that the whole plant is much greater, 
the leaues bigeer,and more deeply cut,euen to the middle rib : the foures come forth of fich like 
{caly heads,ofan excellent faire purp!e colour,and much greater, 

3 Thethird kinde of Matfellon, or Knapweed is very likevnto the former great Knapweed laft 
before mentioned, fauing that the floures of this plant are ofan excellent faire yellow colour,pro- 
ceeding forth of a fealy head or knop,befet with mott tharppricks,not to be touched without hurt: 
the floure is ofa pleafing {mel,and very fweet;the root is long and lafting,and creepeth farabroad 
by means whereof it greatly increafeth. 


I laceanigra. } 2 Lacea maior, 


Blacke Matfellon, ep Great Matfellon, 


aS rag 5 
Clap ht R S$ cas OSA 


fr ȴ ~ Xx 
ORG PEO ay sity pa 


ing 


4 ‘The mountaine Knapweede of Narbone in France, hatha ftrong ftem of two cubits hig! 
and is very plentifull about Couentrie among the hedges and buthes; the leauesare 
lageed,in forme of Lonchitis,or Spleencwoort; the flourcs are like the reft of the k i 
purple colour. 

Ppp2 ; +5 The 


UIC ee ar SN Hinata 21am na LE 
4728 Of the Hifterie of Plants, Li 2.2. 


3 Lacea maior lutea. 4. Tacea montana. 
Yellow Knapweed. Mountaine Knapweed. 
P Pp 


hay ee 5 Iacea flore albo. 6 Iaceatuberofa, 
ug a) White floured Knapweed. Knobbed Knapweed. 


/p } 
ZL 


(WAR, 
SEW 


( 
y 


Lis.2. 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 720 


£55 Thewhite floured Knapweed hath 
creeping roots, which fend vp pretty large 
whitifh greene leauessmuch dinided or cut 
in almoit to the middle rib; from the mide 
of which rifes vp a flalke fome two foor 
: ; high, fet alfo with the like divided leaues, 
“a uN ee but leffer : the floures are like thofe of the 
. : common fort, but ofa pleafing white co- 
four. I firft found this growing wilde ina 
field nigh Martine Abbey in Surrey, and 
fince in the Ifle Tenet. + 

6 The tuberous orknobbie Knapweed 
being fet forth by Tabernam.which andis a 
ftranger in thefe parts, hath many leaues 
{pred vpon the ground, rough,deeply gafht 
or hackt aboutthe edges, like thofe of Sow- 
thiftle : among which rifeth vpa ftraight 
ftalke,diuiding it felfe into other branches, 
whereon do grow the like leaues,but {mal- 
jer: the knappie floures ftand on the top 
of the branches, ofa bright red colour, in 
fhape like the other Knapweeds, The root 
is great, thicke and tuberous,confifting of 
many cloggie parcels, like thofe of the Af 
phodill. 

£ 7 This (faith Clufiws) isa comely 
plant, hauing broad and long leaues white, 
foft, and lightly fnipt about the edges: 
the tafte is gammy, & nota little bitter: it 
fendsvp many crefted ftalks from one root, 
fome cubit high or more: atthe toppes of 
them grow the heads fomé two or three to- 
gether, confifting of many feales, whofe 
ends are hairy, and they are fet {oorderly,that by this meanes the heads feeme as they were inclo- 
fed in little nets : the floures are purple,and like thofe of the fittt déferibed ; the feede is fmall and 
long,and of an ath colour. This Clufius calls Iacea 4. Auftriaca villofo capite 


£ 7 Lacea Auftriaca villofa, 
Rough headed Knapweed: 


Tacea capitulis bir itis Boel. 


8 This hath many {mall cortiered ftraked hairic trailing branches growing from the root,and 
thofe again diuided into‘many other branches,trailing or {preading vpon the ground ghree orfoure 
foot long,imploying or couering a good plot of ground, whereon grow hairy leaues diuided or 
lagged into many parts, like the leaues of Iacea maior, or Rocket, of a very bitter tafte: at the top 

of each branch groweth one fealy head,each fcale ending with fiuesfix,or feuen little weake ptic- 
kles growing orderly like halfe the rowell of a {purre,but farre leffer : the floures grow forth of the 
heads ofa light purple eolour,confifting of many fmal floutes, like thofe of the common fucea,the 
bordering floures being bigger and larger than thofe of the middle of the floure,each {mall floure 
being dinided into fiue {mall parts or leaues, not much vnlike thofe of Cyanus:the feed is {mall,and 
inclofed in downe. The root peritheth when the feed is ripe. A ae 

This plant hath not been hitherto written of that I can find. Seeds of it I received from M’.Wl- 
Gam Coys with whom alfo I obferued the plant,O ober ro. 1624.hereceiued it from Boeliys a Low 
countrey man. ohn Goodyer. $ 

q The Place, 
The two firft grow commonly in euery fertile pafture:the reft grow in my garden, 
& The Time, 
They floure in Iuneand Iuly, 
@ The Names. 

The later age doth call it Zaceaniera, putting wigra for a difference betweene itand the Hearts- 
eafe or Pancie,which is likewife called Zacea: it is called alfo muterfillon,and catatrefillen : it, En- 
glith,Matfellon,Bulweed,and Knapweed, a 

Ppp 3 q] The 


i. 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz.2. 


| The Temperature and Vertues. 
A Thefe plants are of the nature of Scabious,whereof they be kindes, therefore their faculties are }} 
like,although not fo proper to Phyfickes vie. 

They be commended againft the {wellings of the Vvula, as is Diuels bit,but of leffe force and lj 
vertue, 


+ The figure that was formerly inthe fecond place was ofthe Laces tertia of Tabeyn: which differs from thar our Author meant and cefcribed,whofe figure we hand ¢) 
giuen yonin the place thereof. 


Cusp. 250. OfSiluer K napweed. 
| The Defcription, 


I He great Siluer Knapweed hath at his firft comming vp diuers leaues {pred vpon the } 
ground,ofa deepe greene colour,cut and iagged as are the other Knapweeds, ftraked | 
here and there with fome filuer lines downe the fame, whereof it tooke his furname, | 

Argentea : among which leaues rifeth vp a ftraight ftalke,of the height of two or three cubits,fom- . 
what rough and brittle,diuiding it felfe toward the top into other twiggie branches: on the tops j 
whereof do grow floures fet in {caly heads or knaps like the other Matfellons, of a gallant purple 4 
colour, con{ifting of a number of threds or thrums thicke thruft together : after which tht feedes 

appeare, flipperie,fmooth at one end,and bearded with blacke haires at the other end, which ma- - 
keth it toleapand skip away whena man doth but lightly touch it. The root is fmall,fingle, and 


es 


= 


peritheth when the feed is ripe. + This 1s not {treaked with any lines,as our Author imagined,nor } 
called Argenteaby-any but himfelfe,and that very vnfitly, + 
} 1 Stebe argentea maior. + 2 Stabe argenteaminor. 
Great Siluer Knapweed. Little filuer Knapweed. 
| 


2 Thefecond agreeth with the firft ineach refpect, fauing that the leaues hereofare more iag- 
ged, and the filuer lincs or ftrakes aregreater,and morein number,wherein confifteth the diffe} 
rence. 


Lin. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 731 


£ 4 Stebe Rofmarini folio, £5. Stabe ex Codice Cefareo; 
Narrow leafed Knapweed. ; Thornie Knapweed, 


ee 
) 


SS 


” ~ LE 
Ti pert 


rence, + The leaues of this are very much diuided and hoarie, the ftalkes fome two cubites high, Hi 
fet alfowith much diuided leaues, that end in foft harmleffe prickles: at the tops of the branches ay} 
ftand the heads compofed as it were of filuer {cales (whence Lobel and others haue called this plane 
Stecbe argentea) and out of thefe filuer heads come floures Jike thofe of the blew bottles, but of a 
light purple colour, the {ced is {mall,blackifh,and hairy at the tops. + 

¢ 3. There is another like this in each re{pedt, but that the heads haue not fo white a fhining 
pcr colour:and this I haue alfo feene growing with Mafter Iohn Tradefcant at South Lam- 

eth. 

# 4. Tothefe may beadded that plant which Pova hath fet forth by the name of Stabe capita- 
ta Rofmarini folio, It hath a whitith wooddy root,from whence arife diners branches fet with long 
natrow leaues fomewhat like thofe of Rofemary, but liker thofe of the Pine, ofa greenith colour 
aboue,ahd whiti(h below : at the tops of the branches grow fuch heads as inthe firft defcribed | 
Stebewith floures of fomewhat a deeper purple colour : the feed is like that of Carthamus,but blac Wh Ei 


kith. The root is not annual, but lafts many yeares. + Ha He 
+ 5 Though thefe plants haue of late been vulgarly fet forth by the name of Sta be’syet are they ee 
not iudged to bee the true Stabe of Diofcorides and the Antients, but rather another,whofe gure a La ae 
which we here giue was by Dodonews taken forth ofa manufcript in the Emperours Library,andhe * Hil j 4 ; 
faith; Paludanys brought home fome of the fame out of Cyprus and Morea,as he returned from his TaaR 4 i J 


journey out of Syria: thebortome leauesare faid to be much divided ; thofe onthe flalkes long, | Wiehe 
and onely {nipt about the edges, and white: the floures white,and contained in {ealy heads like the brite hn tt 
Blew-bottles,and the tops of the branches end in fharpe prickles. ¢ 


@ The Place. 
Thefe doe grow of themfelues in fields neere common highwaies,and in vntilled plaecs, but Hc) CRE 


they are ftrangers in England, neuertheleffe I haue them in my garden, H 
@ The } 
4 


932 Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


@ The Time. igh 
They fpring vp in April, they floure in Auguft,and the feed is ripe in September, 
The Names. 

Siluer Knapweed is called of Lobel,Stabe Salamantica : of Dodonaus, Aphyllanthes, thatis, without 
leaues, forthe floures confit onely of a number of threds without any Jeauesat all: in Englifh, , 
Siluer Knapweed,or Siluer Scabious,whereof doubtleffe they be kindes. 

] The Temperature andVertues. 

The faculties of thefe Matfellons are not as yet found out,neither are they vfed for meat or me- : 
dicine, | 
+ The faculties of Stabe out of Diofcorides. 

The feed and leaues are aftringent, wherefore the decoction of them is caft vp in Dyfenteries, , 
and into purulent eares,and the leaues applied in manner of a pultis are good to hinder the black: 
neffe of the cies occafioned by a blow, and ftop the flowing of bloud. + 


t The figures were formerly tranfpofed. 


Sowa aI =e: 
=e — - = = " 


Cuar, 254. Of Blew Bottle,or Corne Floure. 
iif E Cyanus maior. 2 Cyanus vulearis. 
i b Great blew Bottle. Leah 2 1, Common blew Bottle. 
i Clitlactta Cttlt1 (Ae A COylirrea- Cyanr ts. 
t | \( WO, ANG i ‘ AN! Yay 
4 | 4 ‘Soe Y y Su | 
} / Fim = 


Gq The Defiription. | 


i I He great blew Bottle hath long leaues,{mooth, foft,downie,and fharpe pointed:among | 
wala sii the leaues rife vp créoked,and prettie thicke branches, chamfered, furrowed,and garni. | 
eh ae | fhed with fuch leaues as are next.the ground : on the toppes whereof ftand faire blew foutes | 
} d ; tending to purple,confifting of diuers little floures, fet ina fcaly huske or knap like thofe of the } 
ere Pa | Knapweeds : the feed is rough or bearded at one end,fmooth at the other,and fhining. The root is ; 
bi tough,and long lafting (contrary to the reft of the Corne floures) and groweth yearely into new 4 
A AL fhoots and {prings, whereby it greatly increafeth. 


2 The | 


en 


Tepes Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


7 Cyanus coeruleus multiflorus. 8 Cyanus purpurens multi floras. 
Double Blew-Bottles. Double Purple-Bottles, 


4; 
Ne 
is 
=< 
> WZ 
aS 
< 


= tee 
ow 


a 
Seen 


£ 9 Cyanus repens latifolius. £ 10 Cyanus repens anguftifolius; ! aa h| i 
Broad leafed creeping Blew-Bottle. Small creeping Blew-Bottle, is 


; ae 
: BAN — 
Wess 
= WA p 


UTA 
SoS 


734. a OF the Hiftorie of Plants, =p ry 


A 


2 Thecommon Corne-floure hath leaues {pred vpon the ground, ofa whitith greene colour, 
fomewhat hackt or cut in the edges like, thofe of Corne Scabious :among which rifethvp a ftalke 
diuided into diners {mall branches, whereon do grow Jong leaues ofanouerworne greene colour, 
with few cuts or noneat all. ‘The floures grow at the top of the ftalkes,ofa blew colour,confifting 
of many {mall floures fet in'a fealy or chaffte head like thofe of the Knapweeds : the feed is 
fmooth, bright fhining, and wrapped ina woolly or flocky matter. Theroot is fmalland fingle, 
and perifheth when it hath perfeéted his feed. 

3 This Bottle is like the laft defcribed in each re{pect, fauing in the colour of the floures, 
which are purple, wherein confifteth the difference. ba es ; i 

4 The fourth Bottle is alfo like the precedent, not differing inany point but in the floures 3 
for as the laft before mentioned are ofa purple colour, contrariwife thefe are of a milke white co. 
lour, which fetteth forth the difference. : j 

§ The Violet-coloured Bottle or Corne-floure is like the precedent, in ftalkes, leaues, feeds, 
and roots : the onely difference is, that this bringeth floures of a violet colour, and the others 
not fo. 


6 ble Corne-floure is fo like the others in ftalks,leaues,and proportion, that it cannot be 
difti ned with words ; onely the floures hereof are of two colours mixed together, that is, 
purple | white, wherein it differeth from the reft. 


7 There isno difference to be found in the leaues, ftalkes, feed, or rootes of this Corne- 


floure from the other, but onely that the floures hereof are of a faire blew colour, and very 
double. 
Q 


8 The eighth Corne-floure is likevnto the precedent, without any difference at all, fauing 
in the colour of the floures, the which are ofa bright purple colour, that fetteth forth the diffe. 
rence. 

+ g This froma {mall root fends vp diuers creeping branches fome foot long , fet with Jon 
hoary narrow leaues : atthe tops of the ftalkes ftand the floures in fealy heads, like as the other 


Blew-Bottles, but ofa darke purple colour. The whole plant is very bitter and vngratefull to the 
tafte. Lobel calls this Cyauns rep : 


to 6 This is like the laft defcribed, but that the leaues are much f{maller or narrower, alfo the 


fcaly heads of this are of a finer white filuer colour : and this plantis not poffefled with fuch bit 
terneffe as the former. Zobel calls this Cyanus minimus repens. + 


@ The Place. 
The firft groweth in my garden, ahd in the gardens of Herbarifts,but not wilde that I know of, 
The others grow in corne fields among wheat, Rie, Barley, and other graine : it is fowne in gar- 
dens, which by cunning to looking doth oft times become of other colours,and fome alfo double, 
which hath beene touched in their feuerall defcriptions. + Thetwo laft grow wilde about Mont- 
pellierin France. ¢ 
G The Time. 
They bring forth their floures ftom the beginning of May vnto theend of haruef, 


@ The Names. Ly 

The old Herbarifts called it Cyanus flos, of the blew colourwhich it naturally hath: moft of the 
Jater fort following the common Germane name, call it Flos frumentorum , for the Germans name 
it Cogn blumen ¢ in low-Dutch, Co21 bloemen ¢in French, B/aveole,and Blyet / in Italian, Fier cam 
pefe, and Bladiferes, i. Seris bladi,and Battifecula, or Baptifecula, as though it fhould-be calléd Blapti- 
Jfecula, becaufe it hindereth and annoyeth the Reapers, by dulling and turning the edges of their 
fickles in reaping of corne: in Englith itis called Blew-Bottle, Blew-Blow, Corne-floure,& hurt- 
Sickle. + Fabiws Columnawould haue it to be the Papauer (bumeum,ox Heracleum ofthe Antients. $ 


@| The Temperature and V ertues, 
faculties of thefe floures are not yet fufficiently knowne. Sith there is no y 
phyficke, we will leaue the reft that might be faid to a further confideratior= n 
fome haue thought the common Blew-Bottle to be of temperatutte 
good againft the inflammation of the eyes, as fome thinke. 


fe of themsin 
t otwithftandin 
fomething cold, and therefore 


Caarg 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 935 


Cuar, 252. Of Goats Beard, or Go to bed at noone: 
@] The Defcription. 


i Oats-beard, or Go to bed at noone hoth hollow ftalks, fmooth,and of a whitith green 
colour, whereupon do grow long leanes crefted downe the middle with a fwelling 
rib, fharpe pointed, yeelding a milky iuycewhen'it is broken, in fhape like thofe’ of 

Garlick ; from the bofomie of which leaues thruft forth fmall render ftalks fet with the like leaues 
but leffer : the floures grow at the top of the ftalkes, confifting of a number of purple leaues,datht 
ouer as it were witha little yellow duft, fet about with nine or ten fhatpe pointed grecne lates : 
the whole floure refembles a ftarre when it is {pred abroad ; for it fhutteth it felfe at twelue of the 
clocke, and fheweth not his face Open vntill the next dayes Sun doth make it floure anew, where- 
“upon itwas called Go to bed at noon: when thefe floures bg come to their full maturitie and ripe- 
“neffe, they grow intoa downy Blow-ball like thofe of Dandelion, which is carried away with the 
winde. The feed is long, hauing at the end one piece of that downie matter hanging atit, The 
root is long and fingle, with fome few threds thereto anexed, which perifheth when it hath perfe- 
éted his feed, yeelding much quantitie ofa milky inyce when it is cut or broken, as doth all’ the 
reft of the plant. 

2 The yellow Goats beard hath the like leaues, ftalkes,roor,feed, and downie blow-bails that 
the other hath, and alfo yeeldeth the like quantitie of milke, infomuch that ifthe pilling while it 
is srcené be pulled from the ftalkes, the milky iuyce followeth : but when it hath there remained a 
Kittle while it waxeth yellow. The floures hereof are ofa gold yellow colour, and haue not fuch 
long greene leaues to garnifh itwithall, wherein confifteth the difference. 


2 Tragopogon lutcum, 


~ 1 Tragopogon purpureum, g 
Yellow Goats-beard. 


Purple Goats-beard. 


<< 


Ss 


pert 


a 


3 There is another {mall fort of Goats-beard of Go to bed at naone,which hath athicke root 
full of a milky fap, from which rife vp many leaues {pred vponthe ground, very long,narrow,thin, 
and like vnto thofe of graffe, but thicker and groffer :among which rife e tender ftalkes , on the 
tops whereof do ftand faire doubleyellow floures like the precedent, but lefler. The whole P 
yeek 


pratiinsts. 


736 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. kiss. 


yeeldeth a milkie fap or inyceas the others do : it perifheth like as the other when it hath perfe- 

Ged his feed. This may be called*Zrazgopogon minus ancuftifolium, Little narrow leaucd Goats 

beard. 
@ The Place. 

The firft growes not wild in England that I could cuer fee or heare of,except in Lancathire vpon 
thebanks of the riuer Chalder,necre tomy Lady Heskiths houle, two miles from Whawley : it is 
fowen in gardens for the beauty of the floures almost euery where. The others grow in medows and. 
fertil paftures inmott places of England,Jt growes plentitully in moft of the fields about London, 
asat.Iflington,in the medowes by Redrifie,Detford,and Putney, and in divers other places. 

a The Time. 
They floure and Hlourith from the beginning of Iune to the end of Augnft. 
q The Names. 
Goats-beard is called in Greeke S70'yer: in Latine, Barba hirci, and alfo Coma: in high-Dutch, 


Bocpbacrt: in,low-Dutch, Fokephes blocmen sin French, Barbe de bouc, and S.afvify : in Italian, 


Sa(fefrica : in Spanifh, BarbaCabruna : in Englifh, Goats-beard, lofephs floure, Star of Jerufalem, 
Noone-tide,and Goto bed at noone. 
aq The Temperature. 
Thefe herbes are temperate betweene heate wait 9 
qq The Vertues. 

The roots of Goats-beard boyled in wineand drunke,aflwageth the paine and pricking ftitches 

of the fides. 

The fame boyled in water vntill they be tender,and buttered as:parfeneps and carrots,are a moft! 
pleafant and wholfome meate, in delicate tafte farre furpaffing either Parfenep or Carrot: which 
meate procures appetite, warmeth the ftomacke,preuaileth greatly in confumptions,and ftrength- 
neth thofe that haue been ficke of a long lingring difeafe. 


Crap. 253. Of Uipers-Graffe. 


1 Viperaria, fine Scoronera Hilpanica. 2 Viperariahumils, 
Common Vipers Grafle. Dwarfe Vipers Graffe. 


Line 2. Of the Hiftorie of Pak)” Ce 


Viperaria Pannonica. £ 4 Viperaria ancuftifolia elatior: 
AE andy ang 
Auftrian Vipers graffe. Hungary Vipers graffe. 
" a 


Ny 


5 Viperavia Pannonita anguftifolia; Pilani 
Narrow leafed Vipers graffe: @| The Defiription, ye ae ah 
$4 X Te firft of the Viper graffes hath long fay! 
broad leaues,fat,or ful bodied,vneuen MAN | 
about the edges, fharpe pointed, with a high ae, 
{wolne ribbe downe the middle, and of an over- ONG halt 
worne colour, tending to the colour of Woade ! pe a a 
among which rifeth vp a ftiffe ftaike, {mooth } 
and plaine,of two cubits high,whereon do grow bP 
fiich leaues as thofe next the ground. The flours Kine | 
ftand on the top of the ftalkes,confifting of ma- WD i! 
hy forall yellow leaues thicke thruft together, il} ' 
very double,as are thofe of Goates beard ,where- 4! 
of itis a kinde,as are all the reft that doe follow 
in this prefent chapter : the root 1s Jong, thicke, 
very brittle, continuing many yeeres, yeelding Tae aH 
great increafe of roors, blacke without, white th 
within,and yeelding a milkie juice,as doe the hue | 


semaees 2 Me = ‘ 
SS 


eae 


leaues alfo,like vnto the Goates beard. ; HY 
2 The dwarfe Vipers grafle differeth not 14 
from the precedent, fauing that it is altogether FR 1 a 
leffer, wherein efpecially confifteth the diffe- 4 A 
rence. AOA | 


_ + 3 The broad leafed Auftrian Vipers-graffe (fib be 
hath broad leaues fharpe pointed, vneuen about a 
the edges,ofa blewifh greene colour : the ftalke Wat 8) 
rifeth vp to the height ofa foot ox better,on the 4 
topwhereof do ftand faire yellow floures, very 
double, greaterand broader than any of the reft it 


qi Qqqg Of i i 


938 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L13,2. 


ofarefonable good fell. The feed followeth,long and fharpe, likevnto thofe of Goates-beard. 
The root is thicke,long,and full ofa milkie juice, as are the leaues alfo. 

4 Thenarrow leaued Hungary Vipers-grafle hath long leaues like to thofe of Goates-beard, 
but longer and narrower,among which rifeth vp a flender hollow ftalke, ftiffe and fmooth, onthe 
top whereof do ftand faire double floures of a faire blew colour tending to purple, in fhape like 
the other of his kinde,ofa pleafant fiveet fmell, like the fmell of {weet balls made of BenXoin, 
The feed is conteined in fall cups like thofe of Goates beard, wrapped ina downie matter, that 
is caried away with thewinde. The root is not fothicke nor longas the others, very fingle, bear- 
ded ar the top,with certain hairy thrums yeelding a milkie juice ofa refinous tafte, and fomewhat 
fharpewithall. It endureth the winter euen as the others do. 

+ 5 This (whofe figure was by our Authour put to the laft defcription) hath leaues like 
thofe of Goates-beard,but ftiffer and fhorter,among ft which there growes vp a fhort hollow ftalke 
fome handfull bigh, fer with a few fhort leaues, bearing a yellow floure at the top,almoft like that 
of the Jaft faue one, but leffe , the feed is conteined in firch cups as the common Vipers-sraffe, 
and being ripe is caried away with the leaftwinde. The root is blacke,with a wrinkled barke,and 
full of milke,hauing the head hairy,as alfo the laft defcribed hath. This by Clufius 1s called Scorfo- 
nera humilts anguftifolia Pannonica. $ 

@ The Place and Time, 

Moft of thefe are ftrangers in England. The two firft defcribed do grow in my garden, The reft 
are touched in their feueral! titles. 

They floure and flourifh from May tothe end of Iuly. 

@ The Names. 

Vipers-graffe is called ofthe Spaniards Scorzonera,which foundeth in Latine Viperarta, or Vipe- 
rina,ot Serpentaria, fo called becaufe it is accounted to be of force and efficacy againft the poifons 
of Vipers and ferpents, for Vipera or a viper is called in Spanifh Scurzo : ithath noname either in ~ 
the high or low Dutch,nor in any other,more than hath been faid,that I can reade: in Englith we 
may call it Scorzoner,after the Spanifh name,or Vipers-graffe. 

q The Temperature. 

They are hot and moift as,are the Goates-beards. 

G TheVertues. 

It is reported by thofe of great iudgement, that Vipers-graffe is moft excellent againft the in- 
feétions of the plague, and all poifons of venomous beafts, and efpecially to cure the bitings of vi- 
pers, (of which there be very many in Spaine and other hot countries, yet haue I heard that they 
haue been feen in England) if the juice or herbe be drunke. 

It helpeth the infirmities of the heart,and fuch as vfe to fwoune muchiit cureth alfo them that 
haue the falling fickeneffe, and fuch as are troubled with giddineffe in the head. 

The root being eaten, citherrofted in embers, fodden,or raw, doth make a man merry, and re- 
moueth all forrow. 

The root condited with fugar,as are the roots of Eringos and fuch like,worke the ike effects: 
but more familiarly,being thus dreffed. 


+ Formerly there were fix figures inthis chapter, whercof the firft and fourth were boih of one plant, and the fifth which was of the Scorfonera Boemica of 
Martthjolus did not much differ from thems if it differ at all.In the title and hiftory ofthe third there fhould hau been put Pansonies in ftead of Hifpanigasas now itis» 


‘ 


Cuar. 254. Of Marigolds. 


@ The Defcription, 


I He greateft double Marigold hath many |! rge,fat,broad leaues,fpringing immediately 
from a fibrous or threddy root ; the vpper fides of the leaues are of adeepe greene, and, 

the lower fide of a more light and fhining greene : among whichrife vp ftalkes fomewhat hairie, 

and alfo fomewhat jointed, and full of a fpungious pith. The floures in the top are beautifull, 

round.very largeand double, fomething fweer, with « ccrtaine ftrong fmell, ofa light faffron co- 

lour, or like pure gold:from the which follow a number of long crooked feeds, efpecially the out- 

moft,or thofe that ftand about the edges of the floure; which being fowne commonly bring forth 


fingle floures,whereas contrariwife thofe feeds in the middle are I fler,and for the moft part bring 
forth fuch floures as that wag from whence it was taken, 

2. The common double Marigold hath many fat,thicke, cru: opled leaues fet vpona groffe and 
fpungious ftalke:whereupon do grow faire double yellow floures, hauing for the moft part in the 
middle a bunch of threddes thicke thruft together : which being paft there fucceed fuch crooked. 
feeds as the rt deferibed. The root is thickeand hard,with {ome threds annexed thereto, - 

3 The 


L1B. 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 


ne Calendula maior polyanthos . 4 Calendula riultiflora orbiculata: 
The greater double Marigold. Double globe Marigold. 


6 Calendula fimplici flore. 7 Calendula prolifera, 
Single Marigold. Fruitfull Marigold, 


Of the Hifftorie of Plants. ae re 


3 The {malleror finer leafed double Marigold groweth vpright, hauing for the mo# part one 
ftem or fat {pongeous ftalke, garnifhed with fmoorh and fat leaues confuledly. The floures grow 
at the top of the {mall branches, very double,but lefler than the other,confifting of more finc iag- 
sednefle, and of a faire yellow gold colour. The rootis like the precedent. its P 
. 4 The Globe-flouring Marigold hath many large broad Icaues tifing immediately forth of 
the ground, among which rifeth vp a ftalke of the height ofacubit, diniding it felfe toward the 
top into other fmaller branches, fet or garnifhed with the like leaues, but confuledly, or without 
order. The floures grow at the top of the ftalkes, very double ; the {mall leaues whereof are fet in 
comely order by certaine rankes or fowes, as fundry lines are ina Globe,trauerfing the whole com- 
paffe of the fame ; whereupon it tooke the name Orbiculata, : 

The fifth fort of double Marigold differeth not from the laft defcribed,fauing in the colour 
ofthe floures ; for this plant bringeth forth floures of a ftraw or light yellow colour,and the others 
not fo, wherein confifteth the difference, : : : ? 

+ All thefe fiue here deferibed, and which formerly had fo many figures, differ nothing but in 
the bigneffe and littlenefle of the plants and floures,and in the intenfeneffe and remifnefle of their 
colour, whichis either orange, yellow, or ofa ftraw colour, + AY 

6 The Marigold with (ingle floures differeth not fromthofe with double floures, but in that 
it confifteth of fewer leaves, which we therefore terme Single, in comparifon of the reft, and that 
maketh the difference. \ 

7 This fruicfullor much bearing Marigold is likewife called of the vulgar fort of women, 
Tacke-an-apes on horfebacke :ithath leaues, ftalkes,and roots like the common fort of Matigold, 
differing in the fhape of his floures, for this plant doth bring forth at the top of the ftalke one 
floure like the other Marigolds , from the which ftart forth fundry other {imal floures, yellow like- 
wife, and of the fame fafhion as the firft, which if I be not dectiued commeth to pafle per accidens, 
or by chance, as Nature oftentimes liketh to play with other floures, or as children are borne with 
twothumbes onone hand, and fuch like,which lining to be mcf,do get children like vnto others 3 
even fo is the feed of this Marigold, which if itbe fowen, it brings forth not one floure ina thou- 
fand like the plant from whence it was taken. 1 j 

8 The other fruitfull Marigold is doubtleffe a degenerate kind,comming by chance from the 
feed of the double Marigold, whereas for the moft part the other commeth of the feed of the fin- 
gle floures, wherein eonfifteth the difference. + The floure of this (wherein the onely difference 
confifts) you fhall finde expreft at the bottome of the fourth figure, t : 

9 The Alpith or mountaine Marigold, 
9 Calendula: Alpina, which Lobelivs fetteth downe for Nardus (el- 
Mountaine Marigold, tica, ox Plantago Alpina,is called by Tabcrina- 
: montanus, Caltha, or Calendula Alpina : and. be- 
caufe I fee it rather refembles a Marigold, 
than any other plant, [ haue not thought it a- 
miffe to infert it inthis place, leauing the 
confideration thereof ynto the friendly Rea-_ 
der, ortoa further confideration, becanfe it 
is a plant that I am not well acquainted with- 
all; yet I doe reade thatit hath a thicke root, 
growing aflope vnder the vpper cruft of the 
earth, of an aromaticall or {picie tafte, and 
fomewhat biting, withmany threddy ftrings 
annexed thereto: from which rife vp broad 
thicke and rough Jeaues of an ouerworn green 
colour, not vniike to thofe of Plantaine ;: a- 
mong which there rifeth vpa rough and ten- 
der ftalke fer with the like leaues ; onthe to 
wherof commeth forth a fingle yellow floure, 
paled about the edges with {mall leaues of a 
light yellow, tending to a ftraw colour ; the 
middle of the floure is compofed of a bundle 
of threds, thicke thruft together, fuch as is 
in the middle of the field Daifie , of a deepe 
yellow colour. 

t This Plantis allone with the two de- 

{cribed in the next Chapter: they vary onely 


thus; 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Planes. 


‘blew. I hauing three figures ready cut, thinke it nor amiffe to giule youone to ex 
tieties: + it 
‘ro The wilde Marigold is like vnto the fingle garden Marigold,but altogether leffer,a 


the feed. 
@ The Place, 

Thefe Marigolds, with double floures efpecially,are fetand fowen in gardens: the reft, their 
titles do fet forth their naturall being. 

@ The Time. 

The Marigold floureth from Aprill or May euenvntill Winter, and in Winter alfo, if it be 
warme. 
| The Names. 

The Marigold is called Calendula: it is to befeene in floure in the Calends almof of euerie 

» moneth:it is alfo called Chryfanthemum, of his golden colour: of fome,Caltha, and Caltha Pocta- 

rum : whereof Columella and Virgil doewrite, faying, That Caltha isa floure of a yellow colour: 
whereof Virgil in his Bucolickes, the fecond Ecloge, writeth thus ; 


Tum Cafia atque alijs intexens fuanibus herbis 
«Mollia Luteola pingit vaccima Caltha, 


And then thee’l Spikeand fuch fweet herbes infold, 
And paint the Iacinth with the Marigold. 


Colwmella al{o in his tenth booke of Gardens hath thefewords; 


Candida Leucoia gy flauentia Lumina Calthe. 


. Stock-Gillofloures exceeding white, 
And Marigolds moft yellow bright. 


It is thought to be Gromphena Pliny :in low-Dutchit is called coudt bloewtten ¢ in high-Dutch, 
Uingleblumen sin French,s onfij & Goude : in Italian, Fior d ogni mefe : in Englifh,Marigolds,and 
Ruddes. 

The Temperature and Vertues. 

The floure of the Marigold is of temperature hot, almoft inthe fecond degree, efpecially when 
itis dry :itis thought to ftrenethen and comfort the heart'very much, and alfo towithftand poy- 
fon, as alfo to be good againft peftilent Agues, being takenahy way. Fuchfius hath written, That 


being drunke with wine it bringeth downe the termes, and that the fume thereof expelleth the fe- 
condine or after-birth 


_~ Buttheleaues of the herbeare hotter ; for there is inthema certain biting, but by reafon of the 
moifture ioyned with it, it doth not by and by fhew it felfe ; by meanes of which moifture they 
mollifie the belly,and procure folubleneffe if it be vfed asa pot-herbe. 

Fuchfiws writeth, That if the mouth be wathed with the iuyce it helpeth the tooth-ache. 

The floures and leaues of Marigolds being diftilled, and the water dropped into red and watery 
eyes, ceafeth the inflammation,and taketh away the paine. 

Conferue made of the floures and fugar taken in the morning fafting, cureth the trembling of 
the heart, and is alfo giuen intime of plague or peftilence, or corruption of the aire. 

The yellow leaues of the floures are dried and kept throughout Dutchland again{t Winter, to 
put into broths, in phyficall potions, and for diuers other purpofes, in fuch quantity, that in fome 
Grocers or Spice-fellers houfes are tobe found bartels filled with them,and retailed by the penny 
more or leffe, infomuch that no broths are well made without dried Marigolds, 


Cuap. 255. Of Germane Mearigolds. 
q| The Deféription, 


I Olden Marigold with the broad leafe doth forthwith bring from the root long leaues 
{pred vpon the ground, broad, greene, fomething rough in the vpper part,ynderneath 
{mooth, and ofa light greene colour :among which fj pring vp ilender ftalks a cubit 


Q4q193 high; 


| 741 
thus ; the ftalkes and leaues are fometimes hairy, otherwhiles {mooth , the floure is yellow,or elfe 


preffe each ya- 


nd the 
whole plant perifheth at the firft approch of Winter, and recouereth it felfe againe by falling of 


ot ea - 


742 Of the Hiftory of Plants. . Dye 4. 
high, fomething hoarie, hauing three or foure ioynts, out of euery one whereof grow two leaues, 

_ ferone right againft another, and oftentimes little {lender ftems ; on the tops whereof f{tand broad 

/ sound floures like thofe of Ox-eye, or the corne Marigold, hauing a round ball inthe middle(fuch | 
as isin the middle of thofe of Camomil) bordered about with a pale of bright yellow leaues.The _ | 
whole floure turneth into downe that is carried away with the winde ; among which down is found | 
long blackifh feed. ‘The root confifteth of threddy ftrings. 

+ a The leffer fort hath foure or fiue leaues {pred vpon the ground likevnto thofe of the laft 
defcribed, butaltogethcr Jeffer and fhorter : among which sifeth vp a {lender ftalke two hands | 
high ; on the top whercof ftand fuch floures as the precedent, but not fo large, andof a blew co- | 
Jour. | 

+ Thefe twoheredefcribed, and that defcribed in the ninth place of the foregoing Chapter, | 
are all but the varieties of one and the fame plant, differing as I haue fhewed in the foregoing | 


Chapter. ¢ 
1 Chryfanthemum latifolivm. 2 Chryfanthermum latifolinm minus. | 
Golden Marigold with the broad leafe. The leffer Dutch Marigold. | 


RNY, 
Zz 


E 


SRY | 
Co" | 


soo 


H q. The Place. | 

They be found cuery where in vatilled places of Germanie, and inwoods, but are ftrangers in 
England. 

| The Time. 
| They are to be feenewith their floures in Iune, in the gardens of the Low-countries. 
The Names. 

Golden Marigold is called in high-Dutch mBalbdibiume, There are thatwould haue it tobe 4- | 
tifima Diofcoridis , which is alfo called Damafoninm, but vnproperly ; therefore we muft rather call | 
it Chryfanthemum latifolium, than rafhly attribute vnto it the name of Alifina. + This plant indeed | 
{ isa Doronicum , and the figure in the precedent chapter by Clufias is fer forth by the name of Dero. | 
nicum 6, Pannowicum : Matthiolus calls this plant Alifma : Gefner,Caltha Alpina: Dodoneus ,Chryfan-— 
themum latifolium : Penaand Lobel, Nardws Celtica altera, Now in the Hifforia Lugd. it is fet forth in 
in foure feucrall places by three of the former names ;and pag. 1169, by the name Of Ptarmicamon- 
tana Dalefchampy. : 


@ The Temperature. 
Itis hotand dry in the {econd degree being greene, but in the third being dry. 


q The 


( B. 2. : Of the Hiftory of Plantse Pe ee ee 743 | 


@ The Vertues. : 

The women that litte about the Alps wonderfully commend the root of this plant againft th: 
fuffocatioriof the mother,the toppings of the courfes, and the green ficknefle and fuch like affeas 
in maids. Aiffor,Lugd. $ 


Cua. 256. Of Corne- Marigold, 


a The Defcription. 


i ‘Orne Marigold or golden Corne floure hatha foft ftalke,hollow, and of a greene co- 

lour,wherupon do grow great leaues,much hackt and cut into diuers fections, and pla- 

j ced confufedly or out of order:vpon the top of the branches ftand faire ftarlike floures , 

yellow in the middle,and fuch likewife is the pale or border of leaues that compaffeth the foft bal 

in the middle, like that in the middle of Camomill floures,of a reafonable pleafant fmel. The toots 
are full of ftrings. 


t 1 Chryfanthemum fecetum, 2 Chryfanthemum V alentinim: 
Corne Marigold, y, Corne Marigold of Valentia. 
. iV 


Ch san LLANE IT. a & 
te 


2 The golden floure of Valentia hath a thicke fat ftalk,rotigh,vnevien,and fomewhat crooked, Via 
whereupon do grow long leaues,coafifting ofa long middle rib,with diwers little fetherlike leaues ) uM | i 

_ fet thereon without order. The floures grow at the top of the ttalks,compofed of a yellow thrum- . Faw 
mic matter,fuch as in the middle of the Camomill floures,and is altogether like the Corné Ma’ : / et i 


rygold laft defcribed, fauing it doth wanc that border or pale of little leaues that do compaffe the 
ball or head:the root is thicke, tough,and difperfeth it fe! fe far abroad. ea 
+ 3 Tothefe may be added diuers other,as the Chry/anthevsa A lpina,of Clufius,&chis Chry[anthe- ae ie aa 
mune Creticum,& others. The firft of thefe {mal mountain Marigolds of Clifiws his defcription hath 1) 
leaues like thofe of white Wormewood, but greener and thicker» the talks groiv fome handfull mh lt 
high,fet with few and much diuided !eaues , and at the tops, asin an vmbell, they carry fome do~ Ta 
od zen } 


744, Of the Hitftorie sf Phuts, Ts; ‘ ay 


zen floures more or leffe, not much vnlike in fhape,colour, and fmell,to thofe of the common Laco- 
bea,ox Ragwoort. The root is fomewhat thicke, and puts'forth many long white fibres. It floures 
in Iulyand Auguft,and growes ypon the Alpes of Stiria. Clufius calls 1t Chryfanthemum Alpi- 
MUM. 

4 The fecond of his defcription hath many leaues at the root, like to the leaues of the male 
Sothernwood,but of a lighter and brighter greene,and of no vnpleafant fmell, though the tafte be 
bitterith and yngratefull ; inthe middeft of the leaues grow vp ftalkes fome foothigh,diuided at 
their tops into fundry branches,which carry each of them two or three floures bigger than, yer like 
thofe of the common Cammomil],but without {mel ,and wholly yellow : the root is fibrous, blac- 
kith,and much fpreading. It floures in Auguit,and growes in the like places as the former. Bauhine 
iudgesrhis tobe the Achilleamontana Artemifia tenuifolie facie of the Aduerf-and the Ageratum fern. | 
laceum in the Hi/.Lugd.But I cannotbe of thatopinion; yet Iiudge the Achillea montana,and Age. 
ratum ferulacenm to be but of the fame plant.But different from this, & that chiefely in that it hath 
many more,and thofe much leffe foures than thofe of the plant here figured and defcribed. 

5. Now fhould I haue giuen you the hiftorie of the €hry(anthemum Crettcum of the fame Au- 
thour,but that my friend M*. Gocdyer hath faued me the labour, by fending an exadé defcription 
thereof, together with one or two others of this kinde, which I thinke fit here to giue you. 


£ 3 Chryfanthemum Alpinum 1.Cluf. $4 C hryfanthemum Alpi msn 2.4 Cluf, 
Smal! mountaine Marigold. The other Alpine Marigold, 


hy i 
‘ ieay 
vill 
1 : 
i 
, 
4 
; ' 
" { 
| | 
, Whe 
1 i \ 
‘ 
4 4 
a 
Re 
ae Chryfanthemum Creticum primum Clufi, PAZ 334. 
| 
et The ftalkes are round, ftraked,branched,hard,ofa whitith greene,with avery little pith within 5 
La it neere three foot high : the leaues grow out of order, divided into many parts,and thofe again fhipt 
st or divided, of the colour of the ftalkes :at the tops of the ftalkes and branches grow creat floures, 
4 bigger than any of the reft of the Corne-tloures, forth of fealy heads,confifting of twelue ormore 


broad leaues apecce, notched at the top,ofa fhining golden colour at the firftwhich after turne to 
ae. a pale,whitifh,or very light yellow,and grow round abouta large yellow ball, of fmell fomewhat 
He A feet. The floures paft,there commeth abundance of feed clofely compaét or thruft together,and 
it is fhort,blunt at both ends, ftraked ofa falue colour, fomwhat flat,& ofa reafonable bignes. The 

root 


eee eae 


° 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


a? ae 


root is whitifh, neerea fingers bigneffe, fhort, 


A 5 Chryfanthemum Creticum, with many threds hangin» thereat,and perith- 


’ Candy Corne Marigold, ethwhen the feedeisripe ; and atthe Spring 
groweth vpagaine by the falling of the feed. 


Chryfanthemam Baticum Boeli J 


The ftalks are round, ftraked reddith brown, 
diuided into branches,containing a {pangious 
white pith within, acubite high : the leaues 
grow out of order,without fooritalkes, about 
three inches long,and an inch broad, notched 
about the edges, notatall diuided, ofa darke 


greene colour: the floures grow at the tops of hat yell 
the ftalkes and branches, forth of great {caly i Baie 
heads, containing twentie leaues a piece of OA 
more, notched at the top, ofa thining yellow a a 
colour,growing about a round yellow ball,ofa vie ie 
reafonable good finell, very like thofe of the ld 45 
common Chryfanthemum fiverum » the feede it I 
groweth like the other,and is very fmall,long, Pee RU A 
round,crooked and whitith : the reor is {mall, Lae LORRI ad 
whitith, threddic,and perifheth alfo when the a and hi 
feed is ripe, ; H 
iy | : 
Chryfanthemum tennifolinm Beticum Boel#. AE ; } f 
td 
The ftalks are round, finall,ftraked reddith, i} 
fomewhat hairie, branched, acubit high, or pT } t 
higher:the leaues are {mal!,much divided, iag i Lae 
ged, and very like the Ieaues of Cotulafietida : a 
the floures are yellow, fhining like gold,com- Ae i 
pofed of thirteen or fourteene leaues a piece, i 4 
notched at the top, fet about a yellow ball,alfo like the common Chryfanthemum feretum : the feed { 
groweth amongft white flattith {cales,which are clofely compaéted ina round head togetherjand tn | . 
are fmall, flat,grayith,and broad at the top : the root is fmall,whitifh,witha few threds,and dyeth HbA Ty 
when the feed is ripe.luly 28. 1621 .Joha Goodyer.+ REELS th) 
The Place. j i i 

The firft groweth among corne,and where corne hath been growing : it is found in fome places Wie 
with leaues more iagged,and in others lefle. i 

The fecond.is a ftranger in England, ey 

«| The Time. 

They floure in Iuly and Augut. / 

q The Names. 

Thefe plants are called by one name in Greeke,of the goldenglittering colouryetam%uein High 2 

Dutch, Sant Fovans bluntsin Low Dutch, Wobelaer's in Englith, Corne Marigold, yellow ‘; 
Corne floure,and solden Come floure, sai: . 
There be diuers other floares called Chry(anthemum alfo,as Batrachion,a kinde of yellow Crow- eit 4) am 
foot,Heliochryfin, but thefe golden floures differ ftom them. ie 
@| The Temperature. ; 1) 

They are thought to be of a meane temperature betweene heat and moifture, Fae! ROE ae 

[ The Vertues. bat is i ii! ' 

The ftalks and leaues of Corne Marigold, as Diofcorides {aith,are eatenas other pot-herbes are. A \ ir bi 

The floures mixed withwax,oile,rofine, and frankinfence, and made vp intoa feare-cloth, wa- B Beha 
fteth away cold and hard fwellings. 


The herbe it felfe drunke, after the comming forth of the bath,of them that haue the yellow Cc 
taundife,doth in fhort time make them well coloured. 


ay 


figure thac was in the firit place was of the Chryfanthemum of Matthielus,which is aftranger with ys,and che Isaucs of it are much like thofe of Fcwerfew,or , | 
Mugyy } 


nt, the laure is fomewhat like, bus largerthan that of Pouerfew,and wholly yellow. 


’ 
’ ‘ 
/ | 
i 
f bil 
i ft 
“Ae enee i 
ue 
an 
al 
Rigel a 
df ar 


oat soncsd er IE er 


Ss ee 


ee 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. boiteai2, 


Cuap. 257.0f Oxe-Ete. 


@ The Defcription. 


1 pee plant whichwec haue called Buphthalmum,or Oxe-eie, hath flender ftalks growing 

from the roots, three, foure,or more,a foot high,or higher,about which be green leaues 
finely iageed like to the leaues of Fenell, but much leffers; the foures in the tops of the ftalks are 
great,much like to Marigolds,of alight yellow colour, with yellow threds in the middle, after 
which commeth vpa little head or knap like to that of ved Mathes before defcribed called Adonis, 
confifting of many feeds fet together. The roots are flender, and nothing but ftrings, like to clie 
roots of blacke Ellebor, whereof it hath beene taken to be akinde, 

2 ‘The Oxe-eie which is generally holden to be the true Buphi halmum hath many leaues {pred- 
vpon the ground,of a light greene colour, laied far abroad like wings,confifting of very many fine 
iags,{etvpona tender middle rib : among which {pring vp diuers ftalks, ftiffe and brittle,ypon the 
top whereof do grow faire yellow leaues,fet about a head or ball of thrummie matter,fuch as in the 
middle of Cammomill,likea borderor pale. The root is toughand thicke, with certaine flrings 
faftned thereto. 3 

3. The white Oxe-cie hath {mall vpright ftalks of a foothigh,whereon do grow long leaues, 
compofed of diuers {mal leaues,and thofe {nipt about the edges like the teeth ofa faw. The floures 
grow onthe tops of the ftalks,in fhape like thofe of the other Oxe-eie ; the middle part whereof is 
likewife made ofa yellow fubftance,but the pale er border of little leaues,are caandine white, like 
thofe of great Dafie,called Confolida media vulnerariornm. The root is long,creeping along ft vnder 
the vpper cruft of the earth, whereby it greatly increafeth. $ This by the commonconfent ofall 
writers that haue deliuered the hiftorie thereof,hath nor the pale or out leaues of the floure white, 
as our Author affirmes,but of a bright and perfect yellow colour. And this is the Buphthalmum,of 
Tragus,Matthiolus Lobel ,Clufins and others. + 


1 Buphthalmum five Helleborus niger ferulacests. 2 Buphthalmum verum, 
Oxe-cie. Theright Oxe-cie. 


ee 1B. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


3 Buphthalmum vulgare. ; 
White Oxe-eie. ; @ The Place. 
Atienis tinclsrce— 


The two firft growe of themfelues in 
Germany, Bohemia,and in the Gardens of 
the. Low-countries ; of the firt I hauea 
plant inmy garden. The laft groweth in 
barren paftures and fields almott euery 
where, i 

+ The laftis alfoa ftranger with vs, for 
any thing that I know or can learne , nei- 
thercan [ conie@ure what our Authour 
meant here : firft in that he faid the floures 
of this were white, and fecondly inthat ic 
grew in barren paftures and fields almost 
euery where, + , 

q The Time. pl 
They floute in May and Tune. ‘The laf Hy 


in Augutt. 
q The Names, if 
Touching the naming of the firft of 
thofe plants the late writers are of diuers 1" 
Opinions: fomewould haue it to beakind than 
of Veratrum nigrum, blacke Hellebor:other th 
fome Confiligo,or Bearefoot,and againe,o- z 
thers, Sefamoides and fome, Eleboraltrum 
But there be found twokindes of .blacke i 
- Ellebor among the old writers,one with a | 
leafe like ynto Laurel,with the fruit of se- 
fami :the other with a leafe like that of yi Hy 
the Plane tree, with the feed of Carthamus # 
or Baftard Saffron. But it is moft euidenr, Piss Ry tg 
that this Buphthalmum,in Englith,Oxe-cie, vi ae) 9 es 
which in this Chapter we in the firft place hauc defcribed,doth agree with neither of thefe: what ae : 
form Confiligo is of,we finde not among the old writers. Pliny 26, cap.7 faith, T hat in his time it w s (he | ' 
found anongft the Mar/i,and was a prefent remedy for the infirmitie of the lungs of {wine, and of HED A 
all kinde of cattell,though it were but drawne thorow the eare,Colwmella in his 6. booke,Chap. 5. 4 | 
doth alfo fay,that in the mountaines called Marfi there is very great {tore thercof,and that it is ve- aN, ie) 
ry helpfull toall kind of cattel and he telleth how and in what manner it muft be put into the eare; 
the roots alfo of our Oxe-cie are faid to cure certain infirmities of cattel,if they be put into the flit MM 
or bored eare: bur it followeth not that for the fame reafon it fhould be Coxjiligo ; and it is anor- bi 
dinary thing to find out plants that are of a like force and qualitie : for Pliny doth teftifie in his ! het 
25 booke,5 chapter, That the roots alfo of blacke Ellebor can do the fame: it cureth(faith he) the Maa et | 
cough in cattel,if it be drawn thorow the eare,and raken out again the next day at the fame houré ; | Hy) 2 
which is likewife moft certaine by experiments of the countrey men ofourage; whodocure the Ane ( ” 
difeafes of their cattell with the roots ofcommon black Ellebor. The roots of white Ellebor alfo 
do the like,as 4b/jrtws,and after him Hzerocles doth write :who notwithftanding do not thrutt the Wee , 
roots of white Ellcbor into the eare, but vnder the skin of the breft called the dewlap : afterwhich i | 8 
Manner allo Vegetins Renatus doth vie Confiligo,in his firft booke of the curing of cattel!,chapter 12. Lie i 
intituled,Of the cure of the infirmities vnder theskin: although in his 3.booke >. Chapter, de Mal- ae 
feohe writeth,that they alfo mutt be faftned thorow the eare:which things do fufficiently declare, Pan a ie 
that fundry plants haue oftentimes like faculties:and that ir doth not at all follow by the famerea. a Hi 
fon, that our Oxe cie is Confiligo,becaufe it doth cure difeafes in Cattel as wel as Confiligo doth But ; ‘at 
if we muft conieéture by the facultiés,Confiligo then (hould bee White E!lebor: for Vegetins WWeth t 
Confiligo in the very {ame maner that Abfjrtws and Hierocles do vie white Ellebor. This fufpition is 
made the greater,becaufe itis thought that Vegetivs hath taken this manner of curing from the 
Grecians ; forwhich caufe alfo moft doe take Confilizo to be nothing elfe butwhite Ellebor: the 
Which if it be fo,then (hall this prefent Oxe-eie much differ from (onfitigo , for itis nothing at all 
like towhite Ellebor. Sis 
And that the fame is not Sefamoides,either the firft or the fecond, itis better knowne,than need - it 
full to be confuted. Bat CP a 
rhis 


yi 
j 
fish ; if 
j i 
e ; Ape | | 
; } | i 
fi | 
\ \ | 
i 
i { | 
} t 
P 
| } 
iy ; 
: ‘ } 


Ofehé) Hiftonie of Plane Eis. 


This fame alfo is vnproperly called Helleborafiram, for that may aptly bee called Helebora- 
Styum Which hath the forme and likenefle of Hellebor: and this Oxe eic is nothing at all liketo 
Ellebore. For all which caufes it feemeth that none of thefe names agree with this plant,but only 
the name Buphthalmum, with whofe defcription which is extant in Diofcorides this plant doth mott 
aptly agree. We take it tobe the right Oxe cie ; for Oxe eie bringeth forth flender foft ftalks, and 
hath Jeaues of the likeneffé or fimilitude of FehneltJeaues: the floure is yellow, bigger than that 
of Cammomill, cuen fuchan one is this prefent plant,which doth fo exquifitly expreffe that form 
ot likeneffeof Fennell leaues both in flenderneffe and manifold iaggedneffe of the leaues,as noo- 
therlittle leafed herb can do better; fo that without all doubt this plant feemeth to be the true and 
right Oxe eie. Oxe ele is called Cachla, or rather Caltha;but Caltha is Calendula,or Marigoldwhich 
we faid that our Oxe eie in floure did neereft reprefent. Theteare fome that would haue Buphthal- 
mum or Oxe cieto be Chy yfiathemum,y cllow Cammomil,& fay that Dioftorides hath in fundry pla- 
ces,and by diuers names intreated of this herbe; but if chofe men had fomewl! 
weighed Diofcorides his words, they would haue bin ofanother minde: for a 


] 


vat more diligently 


Ithough defcriptions of 
either of them do in many things agfee,yet there is no property wanting that may fhew the plants 
to ditfer. The leaues Of Chryfanthemum are faid to be diuided and cut into many fine iags ;and the 
leaues of Buphthalmum tobe like the leaues of Fennell : for all things that be finely iagged and cut 
into many parts haue not the likeneffe of the leaues of Fennell. Moreouer, Diofcorides faith, that 
Chryfanthemum doth bring forth afloure much glittering but Fe telleth not that the floure of Buph- 
thalmum.or Oxe cie ismuch glittering,neither doth the floure of that which we haue fet downe 
glitter,fo that it can or ought not tobe faid to glitter much. Do not thete things declare a manifett 
difference betwe: ne Buphthalveum and Chryfanthe mum,and confirme that whichwe haue fer down to 
be the true and right Oxe ei¢ > We are of that minde, let others thinke as they will sand they that 
would haue Chry/anthemum to be Buphthalmum,let them fecke out another, if they denie this tobee 
Oxe cie: for thatwhich we and others haue defcribed for Chryfanthemum cannotbe the true Buph- 


thalmum or Oxe eic; for the leaues of it are not like Fennell,{uch as thofe of the true Baphthalaum 
ought tobe. 


@) The Temperature, 

But concerning the faculties Mtatrhiolus {aith,thatall the Phy fitions and A pothecaries in Bohe- 
mia,vie the roots of this Oxe eie in ftead of rhofe of blacke Ellebor,naniely for difeafes in cartel: 
but he doth notaffirme that the roots hereof in medicines are {ubititutes, or guidpro quo ; for,{aith 
he, I do remember that I once faw the roots hereof ina fufficient big quantitie pur by certain Phy- 
fitions into decoétions which were made to purge by fiege, but they purged nomore than ifthe 
had not been put inat all: which thing maketh it moft plaine,that it cannot be any of the Ellebors, 
although it hath been vfed to be faftned through the eares of cattell for certaine difeafes,and dork 
cure them as Ellebor doth. The roots of Gentian do mightily open the orifices of Fiftulaes, which 
be too narrow,fo do the roots of _A7iffolochia,or Birthwoort,or Brionic,or pieces of fpunges,which 
notwithftanding do much differ one trom another in other operations: wherefore though the roots 
of Oxe eie can do fomething like varo blacke Ellebor,yet foral that they cannot perform all thofe 
things that the fame can. Weknow that thornes, ftings, fplinters of wood,and fuch like, bring pain, 
canfe inflammations,draw vntothem h umors from the parts feere ad ioining, if they be faftned in 
any part of the bodie;no part of the bodie is hurt 
be thruft through, or put into the wound : peraduenture alfoif any other thing befidebe put into 
the flit or bored eare,the fame effe@ would follow which hapned by the root of this plant thruft in; 
notw ithftanding we here afhrme nothing,we onely make way for curious men tomake more dili- 
gent {earch touching the operations hereof, + Clufius afirmes that when hee came to Vienna in 
Auftria,this was vulgarly bought,fold,and vfed for the true blacke Ellebor, the ignorance of the 
Phyfitions and Apothecaries in the knowledge of fimples was fuch to make vie of this fo far diffe 
rent plant, when as they had the true blacke Hellebor growing plentifully wilde within feuen 
miles of the citie,the which afterward vpon his admonition, they made vfe of. + 


f=) 


€| The Vertues. 
Diofcorides {aith,that the floures of Oxe eie made vp ina feare-cloth doe affwage and waftea- 


way cold hard fwellings;and it is reported that ifthey be drunk by and by after bathing,they make 
them in fhort time'well coloured that haue been troubled with the yellow iaundice, 


Car 


without pain;thewhich is increafed if any thing’ 


Lia meal Of the Hiftory of Plants. 749 


Cuar.258. Of French Mirigold, or eA frican ih arizold. 


@| The Defcription, 


I pes great double A frican,Marigold hath a great long browne reddifh ftalke, crefted, 

furrowedand fomewhat knobby, diuiding it felfe toward the top into other branches; 

* whereupon do grow leaues compofed of many fmall leaues fet vpoaa middlerib by couples,much 

like vnto the leaues of wilde Valerian, bearing at the top very faire and beautifull double yellow 

floures, greatei and more double than the greateft Damaske Rofe, of a {trong fmell, but not vn- 

pleafant. The floures being paft, there fucceedeth long blacke flat feed : the whole plant perifheth 
atthe firft approach of winter. ; 

2 There is little differencebetweenethis and the precedent, or laft defcribed, fauing that this 

plant is much leffer,and bringeth forth more {tore of floureswhich maketh the difference. + And 

_ wemay therefore call it Flos Aphricanus minor multiflorus, The {mall double Africane Marigold, + 


x Flos Aphricanus maior Polyanthos. 3 Flos Aphricanus maior (implici flore. 
The gteat African double Marigold. The great fingle French Marigold; 


3 The fingle great Africane Marigold hath a thicke rootwwith fome fibres annexed thereto’; 18 | 
from which rifeth vp a thicke ftalke chamfered and furrowed, of the height oftwo cubits, dinided 
into other fall branches ; whercupon are fet long leaues, co npaé or compofed of many lirtle 


Ieaues like thofe orthe Ath treesofa ftrong {mell, yet not very vnpleafant : on the top ofthe bran- Hh 
ches do grow yellow fingle flouses, compofed in the middle ofa bundle of yellow thrummes hard aR 
thruft cogcther, pated about the-edges with a border of yellow Ieaues ; after which commeth long Pres dh 
blacke feed. Thewhole plant petifheth with the firft froft,arid mutt be fowne yeeicly as the other Hh Ae a 
forts mult be. : Hi ft) a 
4 The common A fricahe oras they vulgarly ternie it French Marigold hath fmal! weake and Soa m9) 


tender branches trailing vpomthe ground, reeling and leaning this way and thatwav, befet with 
leanes con fing of many patticular leaues,indented about the edges,which being held vpagain{t 
the fuunne, or to the light, ate feene tobe full of holes likea fieue, euen-ds thofe of Saint Iohns 
Rrr woort: 


Sei eS Se 


A 


barie all Mgypt ouer with fo ranckea {mell, and fo lothfome 


70. ah feneniOin ae kine. 


woort: The floures ftand at the topof the f{pringie branches forth of long cups or huskes, confi 
{ting of eight or ten fmall leaues, yellow vnderneath, on the vpper fide ofa deeper yel low tending 
to the colour ofa darke crimfon veluet,as alfo foft in handling : but to deferibé the colour in 
words,it is not poffible, but this way; lay vpon paper witha penfill a yellow colour called Matticor, 
which being dry, lay the fame ouer with a little faffron {teeped in water or wine, which fetteth 


forth moft liuely the colour.’ The whole plant is cf a moft ranke and vnwholefome fell, and pe- 
rifheth at the firft froft, 


@ The Place. 


4, Flos Aphricanus minor fimplici flore, 
The finall French Marigold, 


They are cherifhed and fowne in gardens 
cuery yeere: they grow cuery where almoft in 
Africke of themfelues, from whence we firft 
had them, and that was when Charles the fifth 
Emperour of Rome madea famous congqueft 
of Tunis;whereupon itwas called Flys Aphri- 
Canus,or Flos Tunctanus. 

© The Time, 

They are to be fowne inthe beginning of 
Aprillifthe feafon fall out tobe warme, other. 
wile they muft be fowne in a bed of dung, as 
thal! be fhewed in the chapter of Cucumbers, 
They bring forth their pleafant floures very 
late, and therefore there is the more diligence 
to bevfed to fow them very carely,becaufe they 
fhall not be overtaken with the froft before 
their feed be ripe. 


_& The Names, 


The Afticane or French Marigold is called 
in Dutch, @yunig bloemen sin high Dutch, 
FIndianitey hegelin, that is the floure or Gil- 
lofloure of India: in Latine, ¢ artophillus Indj- 
cus ; whereupon the French men call it Ocilletz 
@ Inde. Cordus calleth it Tanacetum Peruviarinm, 
of the likeneffe the leaues haue with Tanfie, 
and of Peru a Prouince of America , from 
whence hee thought, it may be, it was firft 


rought into Europe. Gefner calleth it Caltha 
Aphricana, and faith that itis called in the Carthagenian tongue, Pedva - fome would haue it tobe 
, ana, ¢ 


Petilius flos Pliny, but not properly : for Petilius flos is an Autumne floure growing among briers 
and brambles. -4zdpeas Lacuna calleth it Othonna, which is a certaine herbe of the T toglodytes, 
growing in that part of Arabia w hich lieth toward Agypt, hauing leaucs full of holes as though 
they were eaten with mothes.Ga/en in his firft booke of the faculties of Simple medicines,maketh 
mention ofan herbe called Lyceper ficum,the juice whereof a certain Centurion did cary out of Bar- 

»as Galen himfel fe durft not fo much 
as tafte of it, but conjectured it to be deadly ; yet that Centurion did vfe it againft the extreme 
paines of the joints,and it feemeth to the patients themfelues,to be of a very cold temperature ; 
but doubrleffe ofa poifonfome quality,very neere to that of hemlockes. 


a The Temperature and Vertues. 


The vnpleafant fmeil, efpeciall that common fort with fingle floures (th 
like to that of Hemlocke, {uch as the juice of Lycoperfium had) doth fhew that 
and cooling qualitie ; and alfo the fame is manifefted by di 
Dodonens, that I did feea boy whofe lippes and mouth w c to \ ; 
fivellextremely . as it hath often happened vnto them, that playing or piping with quils or kexes 
of Hemlockes,do hold them a while between their lippes : ikewife he faith,we gaue to a catthe 
floures with their cups, temtpered with freth cheefe, the forthwith mightely fwelled, and alittle 
while after died : alfo mice that haue eaten ofthe feed thereof haue been found dead. All which 
things do declare that this herbe is of a venomous and poifonfome faculties and that th 


1€y are 


not 


at ftuffeth the head 

is ofa poifonfome 
lets experiments:for I remember, faith 
hen he began to chew the floures did 


not to be hearkned vnto,that fuppofe this herbe to bean harmles plant:fo to conclude,thefe plants 
are moft venomous and full of poifon, and therefore not to be touched or fmelled ynto,much lef 
vfed in meat of medicine. 


Cusr. 259. Of the floure of the Sun,or the Marigold of Pern. 


a The Defcription, 


in one Sommer being fowne of a feede in Aprill,it hath rifenyp to the height of four- 


teene foot in my garcen,where One floure was in weight three pound and two ounces, 
and croffe onuerthwart the floure by meafure fixteene inches broad. The ftalkes are vpright and 
ftraight,of the bigneffe of a ftrong mans arme, befet with large leaues enen tothe top, like vato 
the great Clot Bur: at the top of the ftalke commeth forth tor the moft part one floure, yet many 
times there {pring out fucking buds,which come to no perfection:this great floure is 1n fhape like 
to the Cammomil floure,befet round about witha pale or border of goodly yellow leaues,in fhape 
like the leaues of the floures of white Lillies: the middle part whereof is made as it were of vn- 
fhorn veluet,or fome curious cloth wrought with the needle,which braue worke; if you dothorow- 
ly view and marke well,it feemeth to be an innumerable fort of fmall floures, refembling thenofe 
ornozell of a candlefticke,broken from the foot thereof: from which {mall nozell fweateth forth 
excellent fine and cleere Turpentine, in fight, fubftance,fauour and tafte. Thewhole plant in like 
manner being broken, fmelleth of Turpentine : when the plant groweth to maturitie,the foures fal 
away,in place whereof appeareth the feed, blacke, and large, much like the feed of Gourds, fet as 
thougha cunning workeman had of purpofe placed them in very good order, much like the honie- 
combes of Bees : the root is white, compact of many ftrings, which perith at the firft approch of , 


Ee, ” He Indian Stn or the golden floure of Peru isa plant of fuch ftatureand talneffe that 


Winter and muft be fet in moft perfect dunged ground : the manner how ,thall be fhewed when vps ae 
on the like occafion I fhall {peake of Cucumbers and Melons. , et. | 
is eG 

1 Flos Solis maior. 2 Flos Solis minor: UE a a 


The greater Sun floure. 


The leffer Sunne floure: 


SS 


ARTES 


ee 


i aL ci RCE SE: 


~ OF the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


2 The other golden floure of Peru is like the former, fauing that it is altogether lower,and the 
leaties more iagged,and very few in number. 

3 Themale floure of the Sun of the fmaller fort hath a thicke root, hatd,and ofa wooddy-fub- 
ftance,with many threddie ftrings annexed thereto, from which rifeth vp a gray or ruffet ft alke,to 
the height of fue or fix cubits, of the bigneffe of ones arme,whereupon are fet great broad Ieaues 
with long foot-ftalkes,very fragull or eafie to breake,of an Ouerworne greene colour,fharp pointed, 
and fomewhat cut or hackt about the edges like a faw: the floure groweth at the top of the ftalks, 
bordered about with a pale of yellow leaues:the thrummed middle part is blacker than that of the 
laft defcribed. Thewhole floure is compaffed about likewife with diuers fuch mffetleaues as 
thofe are thatdo grow lower vpon the ftalks,but leffer and narrower. The plant and cuery part rher- 
of doth fmell of Turpentine,and the floure yeeldeth forth moft cleere Turpentine,as my felfe haue 
noted diners yeares. The feed is alfo long and blacke,with certaine lines or ftrakes of white run- 
ning along ft the fame. The roote and euery part thereof perifheth when it hath perfected his 
feed, 

The female or Marigold Sun floure hatha thicke and wooddie root, from which rifeth vpa 
ftraight fem, diuiding it felfe into one or more branches, fet with fmooth leaues fharpe pointed, 
fleightly indented about the edges. The floures grow at the top of the branches,of a faint yellow 
colour ,the middle part is of a deeper yellow tending toblackneffé,of the forme and fhape ofa fin- 
gle Matigold,whereupon I hauenamed it the Sunne Marigold. The feed as yet I hauc not obfer- 
ued, 

q The Place. 

Thefe plants do grow of themfelues without fetting or fowing,in Peru,and in diuers other pro- 
uinces of America, from whence the feeds haue beene brought into thefe parts of Europe. There 
hath been feen in Spaine and other hor regions a plant fowne and nourifhed vp from feed ,to attain 
tothe height of 24.foot in one yeare. 

q The Time, 

The feed muft be fet or fowne in the beginning of Aprill ifthe weather be temperate , inthe 

moft fertile ground that may be,and where the Sun hath moft power the whole day. 
@ The Names. 

The floure of the Sun is called in Latine F/os Sols, taking that name from thofe that haue re- 
ported it to turne with the Sun, the which L could neuer obferue, although I haue endeuored to 
finde out the truth of ie ; but I rather thinke itwas focalled becaufe it doth refemble the radian 
beames of the Sun,whereupon fome haue called it Corona Solis, and Sol Indianus, the Indian Sunne 
floure : others haue called it Chryfanthemum Perunianum, or the golden floure of Peru:in Englifh, 
the floure of the Sun,or the Sun floure. : 

| The Temperatures 
They ate thoughttobehot and dry of complexion. 
q The Vertues. 

There hath not any thing been fet downe either of the antient or later writers concerning the 
vertues of thefe plants,;notwith{tanding we haue found by triall,that the buds before they be flou- 
red,boiled and eaten with butter,vineger,and pepper,after the manner pf Artichokes, are excee- 
ding pleafant meat, furpaffing the Artichoke far in procuring bodily If, 

The fame buds with the ftalks neere vnto the top(the hairinefib&ing taken away )broiled vpon 
agridiron, and afterward eaten with oile,vineger, and pepper,haue the like property. 


) 


ie) 


Cuar, 260. Of Fernfalem Artichoke. 


Ne may wel by the Englith name of this plant perceiue that thofe that vulgarly impofe names 

vpon plants haue little either indgement or knowledge of them. Forthis plant hath no fimi- 
litude in leafe,ftalke,root or manner of growing with an Artichoke, but onely a little fimilitude 
oftafte in the dreffed root ; neither came it from Ierufalem or outof Afia, but out of America, 
whence Fabius Colwmna one of the firft fetters of it forth fitly uames it After Perunianus tuberofus, 
and Flos folis F arnefianus,becaufe it {o much refembles the Flos folzsand for that he firft obferued it 
growing in the garden of Cardinall F arnefius, who had procured roots thereof from the Weft In- 
dies. Pelliterius calls this Heliotropium Indicumtuberofum » and Bawhinus inhis Prodromus fets this 
forth by the name of Chry(anthemumelatifolium Bralilianum:-butinhis Pisax he hath it by the game 
fC) 


"oral Of the Hiftory of Plants, 95: . 


of Helianthemum Indicum uberofune, A\fo our Countreyman M", Parkinfon hath exa@ly delinered 
the hiftory of this by the name of Battatas de Canada, Englifhing it Potatoes of Canada: now all 
thefe that haue writren and mentioned ir,bring it from America, but from far different places,as 
from Peru, Brafil,and Canada;but this is not much material, fecing it nowgrows fowel & plentiful 
ly infomany places of England.J will now deliuer you the Hiftorie,as I haue receiued it from my 
oft mentioned friend M*.Goodyer,who,as you may fee by the date,took it prefently vpon the firft ars 
riuall into England. ! 


@ The Defcription. 


Flos Solis Pyramidalis Flos folis Pyramidalés,parvo flore, tuberofara 
Ierufalem Artichoke; Heliobropinm Indicnm quorundam. 


I ” His wonderfull inereafing plane 
hath growing vp from one root, 
one, fometimes two, three or more round 
green rough hairy ftraked ftalks, common- 
ly about twelue foot high, fometimes fix- 
teene foot high or higher,as big asa childs 
arme, full of white fpungious pith within, 
The leaues grow all along ft the ftalkes out 
of order,ofa light green color,rough, fharp 
pointed,about eight inches broad, and ten 
oreleuen inches long,deeply notched or in- 
dented about the edges,very like the leaues 
of the common flos filis Pertanus, but no- j 

thing crompled, and not fo broad, The f 
ftalkes ditide themfelues into many long ey ah.| if 

{ 
} 
| 


branches euen ftom the roots to their very { 
tops,bearing leaues fmaller and fnialler to- i 
ward the tops; making the hetbe appeare Ni 
likea little tree,narrowerand flenderer to- JAM va ae Ya 
ward the top, in fafhionofa fteeple or Py- t phil ! 
ramide, The floures with vs grow onely at eit 
the toppes of the ftalkesand branches,like ia 4 
thofe of the faid fos folis,but no bigger than TR GEE ID 
ourcommon fingle Marigold,confitting of Minit 
twelue or thirteene ftraked fharpe pointed } 
bright yellow bordering leaues, growing ibaa 
foorth ofa fealy fmalLhairichead, witha A FE ae 
{mall yellow thrummie mattet within, 4 ly i i 
Thefe floures by reafon of their late flou- 
ring,whichis commonly two or threeweeks aa 0 

after Michaelmas,neuer bring their feed to . eRe Oat id 


a - . 7 o - 
perfe tion, & itmaketh fhew of abundance 
. of finall heads neere the tops of the ftalkes Wily 
and branches forth of the bofomes of the i) # 


reat root it felfe, fometimes growing on long ftrings 
vp the earth aboue them,and fometimes appearing 


717. 


aK INS in 


ped out many waies,fometimes as big as a mans fit,or.not fo big with white nofes or peaks where 1H 


ouer with earth,fend forth fmal creeping threddie roots,and.alfo tuberous roots like th 


Rrg 3 . though be 


754. | Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


though the ftalkes and rootes by the which they: were nourithed vtterly rot-and perith away, 
andwill beginne to {pring vp againe at the beginning of May,feldome fooner. 


@ The Place, 
Where this plant groweth naturally I know not, in C4nn0 1 61 7 I receiued two fmall 
roots thereof from Mafter Franquenill of London, no bigger than hens egges: the one I planted, 
and the other I gaue toa friend, minebrougnt meea pecke of roots, wherewith1 ftored Hamp- 


fhire, 


q The Vertues. 


A Thefe rootes are drefled diuers waies; fome boile them in water,and after ftew them with facke 


and butter,ad¢ little Ginger: others bake them in pies,putting Marrow, Dates, Ginger, Rai- 
fons of tl ke,&c. Others fome other way,as they are led by their skill in Cookerie. But 
in my iudgement, which way foeuer they be dreft and eaten they flirre and caufea filthic leath- 
fome {ti gwindewithin thebodie, thereby caufing the belly to bee pained and tormented, 
and area meat more fitfor fyine,than men: yet fome fay they haue vfually eaten them, and haue 


found no fuch windie qualitie inthem. 17.O0@ob,1621, Toh Goodyer. $ 


Car. 261, Of (Cammomill, 


1 Chawanelum, 2 Chamenclum nudum odoratum, 
F Cammomill. _ , Sweet naked Cammomill. 
ee EE 
Mt alirveone a Cletincsn on hie 


Lip.2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 755 
@| The Defeription. 
I O diftinguifh the kindes of Cammomils with fundry defcriptions would be but to 


enlarge rhe volume, and {mall profit would thereby redound to the Reader;confide- 

ting they are fo well knowne to all :notwithftanding it fhall not be amiffe to fay 
fomething ofthem, to keepe the order and method of the booke, hitherto obferued. The com: 
mon Cammomill hath many weake and feeble branches trailing vpon the ground,ta! ing hold yp- 
en the top of the earth, as it tunneth, whereby it greatly encreafeth. The leauies ate very fine, and 
much iageed or deepely cut,ofa {trong fiveet {mell :among which come forth the Houtes like vn- 
to the field Daifie,bordered about the edge with a pale of white leaues : the middle part is yellow, 
compofed of fuch rhrums clofe thruft together, as is that ofthe Daifie. The toot is very fmall and 
threddy. ‘ 

2  Thefecond kinde of Cafamomill hath leaues, roots, ftalks, and creeping branches like the 
precedent : the floures grow at the tops of {mall tender ftems,which are nothing elfe but fuch yel- 
low thrummie matter as is in the midft of the reft of the Cammomils, without any pale or border 
ofwhite floures,as the others haue: the whole plant is ofa pleafing fweet fmell ; whereupon ome 
haue giuen it this addition, Odoratum, ( . 

3. This third Cammomul differeth not from the former, fauing that the leaues hereofare very 
much doubled with white leaues,infomuck that the yellow thrum in the middle is but little feen, 
and the other very fingle, wherein confifteth the difference, ; 


Chamamelum Anclicum flore multiplici. 


j a. Chamamelum Romanun, 
Double fHoured Cammomill. 


4 Romane Cammomil, 


Net-e  $ 


} 


env Vi preg 


Set Zs 


WSS 
SS. 


x 
“si 


A Wo 


4 RomaneCammomill hath many flender ftalkes, yet ftiffer and ftronger thanarly of the 
others, by reafon whereof ir ftandeth more vpright,and doth not creepe vpon the earth as the 
others doe. The leaues are of a more whitith colour, tending to thecolourof the leaues of 
“Woad. The floures be likewife yellow in the middle, and paled about witha border of {mall 
white floures « 

@ The Place. 
Thefe plants are fet in gardens both for pleafirre and alfo profie: 
@ The Times 


They floure moft part of all the Sommer. J 
ay The 


nmernerer ss 


Fe 
4 
ii 
Ae A 
ii 
Hind 
\ 
fh 
Vat fans | 
Ea 
i 
v 
Wh We 
a 
it 
if} 
Hh 
ai 
Fa 
i 
Hy 


vie 
eit 
tae (ie 


feria ane e Si sspy tes 


‘I 


q) 


z 


756 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Li 


aq The Names, ’ 

Cammomnill is called Chamamelum : of fome, Anthemis,and Lencanthemis, and alfo Leucanthe. 
mon,efpecially that double floured Cammomill :which Greeke name is taken from the whitenes 
ofhis foure : in Englifh,Cammomill: it is called Cammomil, becaufe the floures haue the {mel 
Of wixo, anapple, which is plainly perceiued in common Cammomill, 

q The Temperature. 

Cammomill, faith Galen, is hot and dry inthe firft degree, and is of thinne parts: itis of force 
to digeft, flacken, and rarifie ; alfo it 1s thought tobe like the Rofe in thinneffe of parts, com- 
ming to the operation of oyle in heate, which are to man familiar and temperate : wherefore ir is a 
{peciall helpe againft wearifomeneffe ; it eafeth and mitigateth paine, it mollifieth and fy 
and all thefe operations are in Our vulgar Cammomill, as common experience teacheth, fo 
teth moderately, and drieth little. 


ppleth, 
rit heas 


@ The Vertues. 


Cammomill is good againft the collickeand ftone ; it prouoketh vrine, and is moft fingular in 
Cly fters which are made againft the forefaid difeafes. 

Oileof Cammomill is exceeding good againft all manner ofache and paine, bruifings , {hrin- 
king of finewes, hardnefle, and cold {wellings. 

Thedecoétion of Cammomill made inwine and drunke, is good againft coldneffe in the fto- 
macke, foure belchings, voideth winde, and mightily bringeth downe the monethly courfes. 

The Egyptians haue vfed it for a remedie againft all cold agues ; and they did thereiore confe- 
crate it (as Galez faith) to their Deities, 

The decogtion made in white wine and drunk,expelleth the dead child,and fecondine or after- 
birth,fpeedily, and clenfeth thofe parts. : - 

The herbe boyled in poffet Ale, and giuento drinke, eafeth the paine of the cheft comming 
of winde, and expelleth tough and clammy flegme, and helpeth children ofthe A gue. 

The herbe vfed in baths prouokerh fweat, rarifieth the skinne, and Openeth the pores :briefely, 
it mitigateth gripings and gnawings of the belly , it alayeth the paines of the fides, mollifies hard 
fwellings, andwafteth away raw and vndigefted humors. ‘ : 

The oyle compounded of the floures performeth the fame, and is a remédie againft-all weari- 
fomeneffe, and is with good fucceffe mixed with all thofe things that are applied to mitigate 
paine. 


Cuap., 262. cf 
Of Meay-weed,or wilde Cammomill. 


@ The Kinaes. 


Here be three kindes of wilde Cammomill,which are generally called in Latine Cotwle 3 one 
ftinking, and two other not ftinking : the one hath his floure all white throughout the com- 
pafle, and alfo in the middle ; and the other yellow. Befides thefe there is another withve- 

rie faire double floures voyd of fmell, which a Kentifh. Gentleman called M*, Bartholmew Lane 
found growing wilde ina field in the Ifle of Thanet, neere vntoa houfe called Queakes, fometime 
the houfe of Sir Henry Crifpe. Likewife M'. Hesketh, before remembred, found it in the garden of 
his Inneat Barnet, ifmy memorie faile me not, at the figne of the red Lyon,or neere vnto it 5 and 
ina poore womans garden as he was riding into Lancafhire. 

+ The double floured May-weed, the laft yeare, being 1632.1 (being in company with M'. 
William Broad, M". Tames Clarke,and fome other London Apothecaries in the Ifle of Thanet) found 
ie wild vpon the cliffe fide,clofe by the towne of Margate,and in fome other places ofthe 

fland, ¢ 


@ The Defcription. 


r Ay-weed bringeth forth round ftalkes, greene, brittle, and full of inyce, parted into 
many branches thicker and higher than thofe of Cammomil , the leaues in like ma- 
ner are broader, and ofa blackith greene colour. The floures are like in forme and 

colour, yet commonly larger,and of a ranke and naughty fmell : the root is wooddy, and perifheth 
when the feed is ripe. The whole plant ftinketh, and giuetha ranke {mell. 


¢ This 


Lina Of the Hiftory of Plants. 7 


¢ This herbe-vaties, ini that it is found fometimes with narrower, and othetwhiles with broa- 
der leaues ; as alfo witha ftrong vnpleafant fell, or without any fmellatall:the floures alfo are 
fingle, orelfe (which is feldome found) very double. + 

2 Theyellow May-weed hath a {malland tender root, from which rifeth vp a feeble ftalke di- 


uiding it felfe into many other branches, whereupon do grow leaues not vnlike to Cammomill; = 


but thinner, and fewer in number. The flourés grow at the top of the ftalkes ofa gold yellow co- 
lour, + This I take to beno other thanthe Buphthalmum verum of our Author, formerly defcribed 
in the fecond place of the 257. chapter. 

3 This mountaine Cammomill hath leaues fomewhat deepely cut in almoft to the middle 
rib, thicke alfo and iuycie, ofa bitterith tafte, and of no pleafant {mell : the ftalkes are weake,and 
fome foot high, carrying at their tops fingle floures, bigger, yet like thofe of Cammomill, yel!ow 
in the middle, with aborder of twenty or more long white leaues, encompaffing it. It increaferh 
much, as Cammomil! doth, and hath creeping roots. It is found vpon the Stirian Alpes,and flou- 
rethin Iuly and Augutt, @lufivs hath fet this forth by the name of Leucanthemum Alpinum, ¥ 


1 Cotulafatida, 
Lear mle 
rd Cote 


$3 Leucanthemum Alpinum Clufij. 
Wilde Mountaine Cammomill, 


qj The Place. 


They grow in Come fields neere vato path wayes, and in the botders of fields. 


q The Time. 

Thee floure in Iuly and Auguft. 

gq The Names. 

May-weed is called in thops Cotulafetida : of Beonhartus Fuchfius, Parthenium, and Virginea,but 
not truly: of others, xwe%is: in high-Dutch, rotend¢ll ¢ in low-Dutch , addebloemens in 
French, E/pargoutte : in Englith, May-weed, wilde Cammomill,and ftinking Mathes, 

@ The Temperature and Vertes. 

May-weed is not vfed for meate nor medicine, and therefore the faculties are vnkno 
of them are thought tobe hot and dry, and liké after a fort in operation to Cammomill, bur nos 
thing ar all agreéing wich mans nature ; norwith{tanding it is commended again the infirmities 
of the mother, feeing all ftinking things are good againit thofedifedfes, 
tis’ 


whe; yetall a 


SE sere 


a eH 
i | | i i ans 
el ae a 
j | ae i 
FED hc ah 
ua i 
abt SaaS 
abe i 
ay bh bh 
baci B pean? 
vata {4 
Hey 
i ; is 
Hh anor. ot) 
if 13 r! 
i aS eo 
: ii ae 
i iat 
i | ; 
at 4 
ig 
qy, Veer i ty 
ae | 
Tie 
H 
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ih 
if 
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ee 


OF the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.z. 


een riede FEA 
It is anvnprofitable weed among corne, and raifeth blifters vpon the hands of the weeders and 


reapers. 
Cuar. 263. Of Pellitorie of Spaine. 
G The Defcription, 
I Yrethrum, in Englith, Pellitorie of Spaine (by the name whereof fome doe vaproperly 


cal another plant, which is indeed the true Zmperatoria, or Mafter-wort,and not Pelli. 

torie) hath great and fat leaues like vato Fennell, trailing vpon the ground : among tt 
which, immediately from the root rifeth vpia fat great ftem, bearing at the topa goodly floure, 
fathioned like the great finglewhite Dai fie, whofe bunch or knob in the midft is yellow like that 
of the Daific, and bordered about witha pale of {mall leaues, exceeding white on the vpper fide, 
and vnder ofa faire purple colour: the root is long, ofthe bigneffe ofa finger, very hot, and of a 
burning tafte. 

2 Thewilde Pellitorie groweth vp like vnto wilde Cheruile, refembling the.leanes of Cauca 
lis, ofa quicke and nipping tafte, like the leaues of Dittander,or Pepper-worts the floures grow 
atthe top of flender ftalkes, in {mall tufts or fpoky vmbels, of a white colour: the root is tough, 
and of the bignefle ofa little finger, with {ome threds thereto belonging, andof a quicke biting 
tafte, 


1 Pyrethrum officinarum., a Pyrethrum fylueftre, 
Pellitorie of Spaine. Wilde Pellitorie, 


ee Se a 


* 
— an ita 


? Saas eae j q.The Place, 
a ae It sroweth in my garden very plencifully, 

| be @ The Time, 
It floureth and feedeth in Iuly and Auguf. 

ait q the Names, 
| Pellitorie of Spainé is called in Greeke ws, by reafon of his hotand fierie tafte: 
fo Pyrethram fin Larin ; 
| 
: 


Pevitties ot es , } in fhopsal- 
2, Saliares ein “Italian, Pyrethro.: in Spanith, Pelitre: in French, Pred @ 


Alexandre, 


Lawesae Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


ae 


Alexandre, that is to fay, Pes Alexandrinws, or Alexanders foot: in high and low Dutch, Sertrain ¢ 


in Englith, Pellitorie of Spaine ; and of fome, Bertram, after the Dutch name:and this is the 
right Pyrethrum, or Pellitorie of Spaine ; for that which diuers here in England take to be the 
right, is not fo, as I haue before noted. 

aq} The Temperature and Vertues. 

The root of Pellitorie of Spaine is very hot and burning, by reafon wheteof it taketh away thé 
cold fhiuering of Agues, that haue been of long continuance, and is good for thofe that are taken 
witha dead palfie,as Diofcorides writeth. 

The fame is with good fuccefle mixed with Antidotes or counterpoyfons which ferue againtt 
the megrim or continual] paine of the head, thedizzinefle called Vertigo, theapoplexie,the fal! ing 
ficknefle, the trembling of the finewes, and palfies, for it is a fingular good and effectual remedy 
for all cold and continuall infirmities ofthe head and {inewes. 

Pyrethrum taken with honey is good againft all cold difeafes of the braine: 

The root chewed inthe mouth draweth forth great ftore of rhetme, flime,and filthy waterith 
humors, and eafeth the paine of the teeth, efpecially ifitbe ftamped witha little Stauef-acre,and 
tied in a {mall bag, and put into the mouth, and there fuffered to remaine a certaine {pace. 

Ifit be boyled in Vineger, and kept warme in the mouth it hath the fame effec. 

The oyle wherein Pellitorie hath been bayled is good to anoint the body to procure fweating, 
and is excellent good to anointany part that is\bruifed and blacke,although the member be de- 
clining to mortification : it is good alfo for fuchas are ftricken with the pal fic. 

it is moft fingular for the Surgeons of the Hofpitals to put into their ynétions contra Neapolita- 
num morbum, and fuch othet difeafes that be coufin germanes thereunto. 


Cuar. 264. Of Leopards bane. 


T 1 Doronicum minus officinarum. 


Small Leopards bane. ] 


L/ OYOVIAC IE 


t 2 Doronicum maius Officinarum, 
_ Great Leopards bane. 
rz 


) akarchtas 


‘ T The Defiription. a : yas’ ; 
i Oo this Plant Doronicum there be fundry kindes, whiereof Iwill onely touch foure - De- 


donans vaproperly calleth it Aconitum pardalianches, which hath hapned, through: the 
negligence 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lipee. 


760 


negligence of Diofcorides and T heop fries, who.in defe ibing Doronicum, | 
the floures thereof, but haue committed that negli j 
out in many plants which they haue defcribed,the {pecial accidents ; whi 
bled the ftudy and determination of the beftherbarifts of late yeares,not knowing cert 


sly omitted 
, leauing 
ittle trou- 

c ely what 
to determine and fer downe in fo ambiguous amatter, fome taking it one way, and f another, 
and fome efteeming it to be Aconitum. But for the better vnderftanding hereof, know that this 
word Aconitum, as itis a name attributed to diuers plants, fo it is tobe confidered, that all plants 
called by this name are malignant and venomous, as with the juyceand root whereof {uch as hun- 
ted after wilde and noyfome beafts were wont to embrtie and dip their arrowes, the fooner and 
more furely to difpatch and flay the beaft in chafe.But for the proofe of the goodneflé of this Do- 
ronicumand the reft of his kind,know alfo, That Lobel writeth of one called ihn de Vroede,who ate 
very many of the roots at f{undry times,and found them very plea{ant in taft,and very comfortable. 
But to leaue controuerfies, cireumftances, and obieGtions which here might be brought in and al- 
ledged, affure your felucs that this plant Doronicum minus officinarum (whoferoots Pena reporteth 
to haue found plentifully growing vpon the Pede-mountaine hills and certaine high places in 
France) hath many leaues {pred vpon the ground, fomewhat like Plantaine :among which rife vp 
many tender hairy ftalks fome handfull and an halfe high,bearing at the topcertain fingle yellow 
floures, which when they fade change into downe, and are caried away with the winde: The roots 
are thicke and many, very crookedly croffing and tangling one within another,refembling a Scor- 


pion, and in fome yeares do grow inour Englith gardens into infinitenumbers. 


3 Doronicum radice repente, 


Cray-fith Wolfes bane. 


Doronicum brachiataradices 
Winged Wolfes bane. 


L {=A 


FD 


5 


2 The fecond kinde of Doronicum hath larger leaues thant 
almoft like the fall leaues of the Clot or Burre - 

high : the flouresare like the former «the rootis lo 
with many {caly barks, in colourwhite, and fhinin 
arme or finne, not vnlike to the fea Shrim 
ofa Scorpions body,and is fweetin tafte. 


3 The third kinde of Doronicum, Sowing naturally in great abound 


the former, but round, and broader, 
among which rifeth vp-a ftalke fcarfe #cubit 
nger and bisger than the former, Barfed ouer 


uning like white marble, hauing oneach fide one 
pe called Squilla marina,or rather like the ribbes or fcales 


ance inthe mountai 


“Tespegs SS Ohthe lillavieaf Plans: = Sap 


‘961 


ing very large 
kesareacu- 
vartorum: all 
5 and in 


of France, is alfo brought into and acquainted with dur Engliti grounds, be: 
leaues of a light yellowith greene, and hairy like Pilofella,or Cucume agrefis. Tf) 
bit high, hauing at the top yellow floures like Buphthalmum, or Confoli 
the root is barred and welted ouer with fcales like the taile of a Scorpion, wl 
tafte feet, with fome bitternefie, yeelding forth much clammine fle, which is very aftri 
The fourth kinde hereof is found in the wooddy mountaines about Turin and Sa 

like vnto the former, fauing diat the leaues are fomwhat rougher,the floures greate 
higher. But to be fhort,cach of thefe kindes are fo like one another, thatin thew, raft 
manner of growing they feeme to be as itwere all one: therefore it were fuperfluous to ftand vpon 
their varietie of names, Pardalianches, Myoctonum, Thelyphonum, (amorum, and fach like, of Thége 
phraftus, Diofcorides, Pliny, ox any of the new Writers, which names they haue giuen vnto Doroni- halt 4 
cuim s for by the opinion of the mott skilfull in plants, they are but Synonimies of one kinde of ay 
plant. And though thefe old writers {peake of the hurtfull qualities of thefe plants ; yet experi- y 
ence teacheth vs that they haue written what they haue heard and read, and not what they haue iF 
knowneand proued ; for it is apparant, that Doronicum (by the confent of the old and new writers) i 
is vfed as an antidote or certaine treac'e, as well in the confections de Gemmis Mefua, as in Eleciva. at 
vio Aromatum. And though Mattholvs difclaimeth againft the vfe thereofjand calleth it Pardalian. 
ches, that is, VWWolfes bane; yet let the Learned know, that quantitas, non qualitas, nocet : for though 
- Saffron be comfortable to the heart, yet if you giue thereof,or of muske,or any fuch cordial thing, i 


V5 very 
I the ftalks 


Tele and 


too great a quantitie, it killeth the party which receiueth it. i 
ee ; sali: Ba 
¥ 5 Doronicum ancuftifolinm Auftriacum, £ 6 Doronicum Stiriacum flore amplo, Ht Re eg 
o <4 - } ag 
Narrow leaued Wolfes bane. Large floured Wolfes bane. a: od ad 


+ 5 Tothefe foure formerly intended by our Author, may we fitly adde fome others out of 
Clufivs. The firft of thefe hath a ftalke fome foot high, foft,rough,and crefted : the leaucs are few, 
thicke, narrow, long, very greene and fhinirig, yet hairy on their vpper fides, but fmooth on the : 
lower fides, and of a lighter greene ; yet thofe that adorhe the ftalke ate narrower : there groweth a 
commonly at the top of the ftalke one fingle floure of the fhape and bigneffe of the comimon Do 
vonicum defcribed in the fecond place, but ofa brighter yellow: the feed is little and blackifh, and it 
4s carried away with the winde : the root is fmall, re and ioynted;hauing fomewhat thicke ; 

S 


white ae ie 


nc 


4762 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liza. 


white fibres, and anaromaticke tafte. This floures in Inly and Auguft, and growes in rockie pla- 
ces vpon the higheft Alpes. Clufiws (the firftand onely deferiberthereof) calls it Doronicum 2, 
fine Austriacum ¥. 

" 6° This stowes fomewhat higher than the laft deferibed, and hath much broader and rounder 
leaues, and thofe full of veines,and {nipt aboutthe edges. Theknots and off-fets of the roots def. 
cend not down,but run on the furface of the ground, and fo fend forth fibres on each fide, to fatten 
them and attra& nourifhment. The floure is like that of the former, but much Ja oer This grow- 
eth inthe hich mountainous places of Stiria,and floures at the fame time as the former, Clufius 
calls this Doronicuy: 4. Stiriacnm, : ; 

7 Thisis the largeft ofall the reft,and hatha ftalke two cubits or more highjof the thickneffe 
of ones little finger, crefted, rough, and towards the top diuided into fundry branches. The leaues 
next to the root are round, wrinkled, hairy, and faftned to a long ftalke :thofe towards the top of 
the ftalke are longer and narrower, and ingirt the ftalke at their fercing on. The floures are large 
and yellow, like to the other plants of this kinde : the feed alfo is carried away with che winde;and 
is longith, and ofa steenith colour: the roor is knotty orioynted liketo.a litrle Shrimpe,and ofa 
whitifh greene colour. This floures in Iune orluly, and growés vpon thelikeplaces as:the for: 
mer, Glufivs calls this Doronicum. Auflriacum 3, + 


£ 7 Doronicum maximum, @ The Place. 
The greateft Wolfe-bane. 

The place is fufficiently fer forth in the de- 
{cription ; yer you fhall vnderftand, that I 
haue the two firft in my garden-the fecond 
hath beene found and gathered in the cold 
mountaines of Northumberland, by Dr. Peay 
lately of London deceafed,a man of much ex- 
perience and knowledge in Simples, whofe 
death my felfe and many others do greatly be- 
waile. 


@ The Time. 


Concerning their names I haue alr 
oken ; yet fith [ would be glad thar our 
sith women may know how tocall it, dl 
may terme Doronicum by thisname, Cray-fith 
Piffe-a-bed, becaufe the foure is like Dande- 
dion, which is calied Piffe-a-bed, 

+ Our Author certainly at theb 
of this chapter did not wel 


fp 
; 
21 


oc 


he An 

tients was, [through the negligence of Diofco- 
rides and T heophraftus,whoindefcribing Doro- 
micum, cc. ] Now it is manifeft, that neither of 
thefe Authors, nor any ofthe antient Gre 
euer fo much as named Doronicum : but tha 
which he fhould haue faid, was, That the want 
of exact defcribing the “conitum thelyphononin 
Theophraftus,and Aconitum Pardalianches in Di- 
ofcorides, (which are indged tobe the fame plant and all one with our Doronicum) hath beene the 
caufe, that the controuerfiewhich catthiolus and others haue of late raifed cannot be fully de= 
termined ; which is, Whether that the vulgar Doronicum,vfed in fhops,and defcribed in this chap- 
ter, be the Aconitum Pardalianches ? -aatthiolus affirmes it is, and much and vehemently exclaimes 
againft the vfe thereof in cordial! EleQuaries, as that which is of a moft pernitious and deadly 
qualitie, becaufe that (as he affirmes) itwill kill dogs : now Dodowews alfo feems to incliné to his 
opinion : but others(and not without good reafon)deny it, as Gefner in his Epiftles; who made of- 
ten triall of it vpon himfelfe : part of his words are fer downe hereafter by our Author (being tran- 
flated out of Dadoneus) and fome part alfo you fhall finde added in the end of the vertues: and 
thefe are other fome ; Plura alia nunc omitto,quibus oftendere liquido poffem, nec Doronicum noffrum, wes 
Aconiinm 


Lt A: 


a cs ’ 793 
Aconitum vilo modo effe venenatum homini, Canibus autem letiferum effefcio, non folum fi drachmarum a, 
fed etiam fi vnins pondere fumant. And before he faid, quafi non alia multa canibus fint venena, que ho- 
mini (alubria funt ,vt de afparagofertur, Ofthe fame opinion with Gefzer is Pena and Lobel, who, 4d- 
uerf-p.290,% 29t.do largely handle this matter, & exceedingly derideand {coffe at Matrhiolus, for 
his vehement declaiming againft the vfe thereof. Now bricfely my opinion is this, That the De: 
ronicum here mentioned is not that mentioned and written of by Serupio and the Arabians ; neither 
is itthe Aconitum Pardalianches of Diofcorides, nor of fo malignant a qualitie as Matthiolus would 
haue it; for I my felfealfohaue often eaten ofit, and that in a pretty quantitie, without the leatt 


offence. $ 


Lbrbems Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


q The Nature andVertues. 


Thaue fufticiently fpoken of that for which I haue warrant to write,both touching their natures 
and vertues ; for the matter hath continued fo ambiguous and fo doubtful, yea, and fo ful of con- 
trouerfies, that I dare not commit that to the world which I haue read : thefe few lines therefore i} 
fhall fuffice for this prefent ; the reftwhich might be faid [ referre to the great and learned Do- oh 
&ors,and to your owne confideration. | 

Thefe herbes are mixed with compound medicines that mitigate the paine of the eyes,and by B 
reafon of his cold qualitie, being frefh and greene, it helpeth the inflammation or fierte heate of 


the eyes. 

It is reported and affirmed, that it killeth Panthers, Swine, Wolues, and allkindes of wilde C if 
? 
| 


beafts, being giuen them with fle(h. Theophraftus faith, That it killeth Cattell, Sheepe,Oxen,and iit 
all foure-footed beafts, within the compaffe of one day, not by taking it inwardly onely,but if the i 
herbeor root be tied vnto their privy parts. Yet he writeth further, That the root being drunke is i 
aremedie againft the ftinging of Scorpions ; which fheweth,that this herbe or the root thereof is 
not deadly to man, but to diuers beats onely :which thing alfo is found out by trial and manifeft {i 
experience ; for Conrade Gefner (a man in our time fingularly learned, and a moft diligent fearcher qd 
ofmany things) ina certaine Epiftle written to Adolphus Occo, fheweth, That he himfelfe hath of- Ait 
tentimes inwardly taken the root hereof greene, dry, whole, preferued with honey, and alfo beaten 
to pouder ; and that euen the very fame day in which hee wrote theferhings, hee haddrunke with 
warmewater two drams of the roots made into fine pouder, neither felt he any hurt thereby : and Pt | 
that he oftentimes alfo had given the fame to his ficke Patients, both by it felfe, and alfo mixed Rah ae Nat) 
with other things, and that very luckily. Moreouer, the A pothecaries 1n ftead of Doronicum doe ae baat 
vie (though amiffe) the roots thereof without any manifeft danger. 

That this Aconite killeth dogs, it is very certainc, and found out by triall :which thing Matthio- D Hd : 
lus could hardly beleeue, but that at length he found it out to be trae by amanifeft example, as he Ae A ' 
confeffeth in his Commentaries. bf . 

+ Thaue (faith Geer) oft with very good fucceffe prefcribed it tomy Patients,bothaloneas B VALE Ha 
alfo mixed with other medicines, efpecially in the Vertigo and falling fickneffe :fomtimes alfo I ji 
mix therewith Gentian,the pouder of Mifle-toe,and 4/frantia : thus it workes admirable effets | 
inthe Epilepfie, ifthe vfe thereofbe continued for fome time. + int 


4 Formerly the figure thacwas in the firft place thould haue beenein thefecond, andthe firft and fecond were confounded itt the defeription, i} 


Cuar. 265. Of Sage. 


@ The Defcription. 


I He great Sage is very full of ftalkes, foure fquare, of a wooddy fubftance, parted into 
branches, about the which grow broad leaues, long, wrinckled,rough, whitith, verie ih tet 
like to the leaues of wilde Mullein, butrougher, and not fowhite; like in roughneffe a a 
to woollen cloath thread-bare : the floures ftand forked in the tops of the branches like thofe of Hie 


dead Nettle, or of Clatie, of a purple blew colour, in the place of which doth grow little blac« bho 
kith feeds, in {mall huskes. The rootis hard and wooddy , fending forth a number of little : dies | 
ftrings. 

2 Theleffer Sage is alfo a fhrubby plant, {pred into branches like tothe former, but feffer: ; 
the ftalkes hereof are tenderer : the leaues be long, leffer, narrower, but notlefie rough ; towh ich F 
there do grow in the place wherein they are fixed to the ftalke, two little leaues ftanding on either 


fide one right againft another, fomewhat after the manner of finnes or little cares: the floures are i 
Siiz edted j 


ama 


wares 


a ee 
RCS S 


—— 


764, Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis... 


cared blew like thofe ofthe former : the root alfo is wooddy : both ofthem are of a certaine {trong 
{mell, but nothing at all offenfiue , and that which is the leffer is the better. 

3 - This Indian Sage hath diuers branches of a wooddy fubftance, whereon doe grow {mall 
Jeaues, long, rough, and narrow, of an overworne colour,and of a moft fiveet and fragrant {mel}. 
The floures grow along ft the top of the branches, ofawhite colour, in forme like the precedent. 
The root is tough and wooddy. 


t Saluia maior. 2 Saluiaminor. 
Great Sage. Smali Sage. 


ke fmooth and plaine, whereupon do grow broad 


4 The Mountaine Sage hath an vpright ftal 
ad yneuenly indented about the edges, of an hoarie 


roughand rugged leaues, {leightly nicked 


colour, fharpe pointed, and of a : the foures grow along ft the top of the ftalke, in 
fhape like thofe of Rofemarie, ofawh -d colour. Theroot is likewife wooddy. 


akinde 


5 ehaue in our garde r Sage, the leaues whereof are reddith , part of thofered 
leauesare ftriped with white, others mixed with white, greene, and red, euenas Nature lift to play 
with fuch plants. This is an elegant varictie, and iscalled Salvia variegata elegans, Variegated or 
painted Sage, = 7 ‘ 


6 Wehauealfo another, the leaues whereof are for the moft part white,{omewhat mixed with 
greene, often one leafe white, and another ereene, euen'as Na 
fo rare as the former, nor neere fo beautifull, wherefore it 
Common painted Sage. 


1 


ire lift, as we haue faid. This isnot 
nay be termed Salvia waviegata vulgare, 


$ 7 Thereis kept in fome of our chiefe gardens a fine Sage,which in fhape and manner of 
growing refembles the fmaller Sage, but in {mell and tafte hath fomeafiinity with Wo mwood, 
whence it may betermed $alnia Abfinthites, or Wormewood Save. Banhine onelv hathm entioned 
this, and that in the fourth place in his Pimax,pag. 237. by the name of Salviaminor altera and hee 
addes, Hac edore ¢ fapore eft Abjinthij, foreque rubente : That is, This hath the fmell and tafte of 


Wormewood, and a red floure :but ours (if my memorie faile me not) hath awhitith floure ; it is 
atender plant, and muftbe carefully preferued from the extremitie of Winter. I fir faw this 
Sage with M". Canwon,and by him it was communicated to fome others. 


‘Lisa ~~ Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


3 Saluia Indica. 4 Saluia Alpina, 
Indian Sage. Mountaine Sage, 


+ $3 Suluia Cretica non pomifer a; 
Candy Sagewithout Apples; 


Of the Hittory of Plants, Lis. 2. 


0 


‘G 


8 Thiswhich we here giue you hath pretty large leaves, and thofe alfo very hairy on the vn- 
der fide, but rough on the vpper fide like as the ordinarie Sage. The ftalkes are tough and hairie, 
foure fquare below,and round at their tops. The doures in their growing and fhape are like thofe 
of the ordinarie, but of a whitith purple colour , and fading, they are each of them fucceeded b 
three or foure feeds, which are larger than in other Sages, and fo fill their feed-veffels, that the 
fhew like berries. The {mell of the whole plant is fomewhat more vehement than that of the or- 
dinarie : the leaues alfo haue fometimes little eares orappendices, as inthe fmaller or Pig-Sage ; 
and in Candy (the naturall place of the growth) it beares exerefcences, or Apples (ifwe may fo 
terme them) of the bigneffe of large Gails,or Oke-Apples: whence Clufias hath giulen you two fi- 
gures by the fame titles as I here prefent the fame to yourview. Matrhiolis, Dodonwys,and others 
alfo haue made mention hereof, + 


<7 


we 


q The Place. 
Thefe kindes of Sage grow not wilde in England ; I hauechem all in my garden : moft oft} 
are very common. 
+ The fine or elegant painted Sagewas firft found in a countrey garden; by M:, John Tradef- 
cant, and by him imparted to other louers of plants. + 
a The Time. 
Thefe Sages floure in Iune and Iuly, or later : they are fitly remoued and planted ia March, 


nem 


¥ 


q The Names. 

Sage is called in Greeke ‘asaiegaxes: the A pothecaries, the Italians, and the Spaniards keepe the 
Latine name Saluza: inhigh-Dutch, Salven: in French, Savge : in low-Dutch, Saute 3 in Eng- 
Jith, Sage. 

@] The Temperature. 

Sage is manifeftly hot and dry in the beginning of the third degree, or in the laterend of the 

fecond ; it hath adioyned no little aftri@ion or binding, 
: @ The Vertues. 

Agrippa and likewife Aetius haue called it the Holy-herbe, becaufe women with childe if they 
be like to come before their time, and are troubled with abortments,do eate thereof to their great 
good ; for it clofeth the matrix, and maketh them fruitfull,it retaineth the birth, and giuerh it 
life, and ifthe woman about the fourth day ofher going abroad after her childing, (hal drink nine 
ounces of the iuyce of Sage with a little falt, and then vfe the companie of her husband, the fhall 
without doubt conceiue and bring forth ftore of children, which are the bleffing of God. Thus 
far Agrippa. 

Sage is fingular good for the head and braine; it quickneth the fences and memory, ftrength- 
neth the finewes, reftoreth health to thofe that haue the palfic vpon a moift caufe, takes away fha- 
king or trembling of the members ; and being put vp into the nofthrils,it draweth thin flegme out 
of the head. 

It is likewife.commended againft the {pitting ofbloud, the cough, and paines of the fides, and 
bitings of Serpents. oat oe 

The iuyce of Sage drurike with honey is good for thofe that fpit and vomit blond, and ftoppeth 
the flux thereofincontinently, expelleth winde,drieth the dropfie,helpeth the palfie,trefigthneth 
the finewes, and cleanfeth the bloud. 

The leanes fodden in water, with Wood-binde leaues, Plantaine, Rofemary, Honey, Allome, 
and fome white wine, make an excellent water t wath the fecret parts of manorwoman, and for 
cankers or other forenefe in the mouth, efpecially if youboyle in the fame a faire bright fhining 
Sea-cole, which maketh it of greater efficacte. ‘ 

No man needs to doubt of the wholefomneffe of Sage Ale, being brewed as it thould be, with 
Sage,S cabious, Betony, Spikenard,Squinanth, and Fennell feeds. 

The leaues of red Sage put into awoodden dith, wherein is put very quicke coles , with fomé 
afhes in the bottome of the dith to keepe the fame from burning, and a little vineger {prinkled vp- 
on the leaves lying vpon the coles, and fowrapped in a linnencloath,and holden very hor vnto the 
fide of thofe that aretroubled with a grievous ftitch, taketh away the paine prefently : The fame 
helpeth greatly the extremitie of the pleurifie. 


Cu ap, 


fg ep OF the Hiftory of Plants. 


1 Verbafeum Matthiol:. 
French Sage, 


+ 3 Phlomos Lychnites Syriaca. 
Syrian Sage-leaued Mullein. 


$ 2 Verbafcum anguftis Saluia folys: 
The leffer French Sage; 
BMS 


@ The Defcription. 
i V Ud Mullein,wooddieMullein, 4 at- 


thidlws his Mullein,or French Sage 
bo __ growerth vp like a fma!lwooddie 
fhrub, hauing many wooddie branches of awoollic 
and hoarie colour,foftand downie: whereupon are 
placed thicke hoarie leaues,ofa {trong ponticke fa 
uour, in fhape like the leaues of Sage, whereupon 
the vulgar people call it French Sage: toward the 
top of the branches are placed round|es or crownets 
of yellow gaping Houres’ like thofe of dead Nettle, 
but much greater. The root is thicke,tough,and of 
a wooddie fubftance,as is all the reft of the plant. 
T 2. There is another fort hereof that is very like 
the other, fauing that the leaues 8¢ every other part 
ofthis plant,hathamoft {weet and pleafant {mell, 
and the other more ftrong and offentfiue : the leaues 
alfoare much leffer and narrower,fomewhat refem- 
bling thofe of the leffer Sage, 
$ 2 Ithinke itnotamiffe here to infert this 
ho leffe rare than beautifull plant, which differs 
from the Jaft defcribed inthe manner of growing & 
fhape of the floures, which refemble thofe of the 
Lychaw (halcedonicaot None-fuch, but are of 2 yel- 
low colour. The leaues are hairy,natrow,and fhirp 
pointed;the ftalkes {quare, and root woodidie. Lobel 


=SSE = = 


Ce 


is Somes 


se ue gf 


A 


768 Of the Hiftorie a Plants. ie B. 2. 


(to whom we arebeholden for this figure and defcription) calls this, Phlomos Lychnite s alterg Sy. 
Fiala. + j 
@ The Place, 
Thefewilde Mulleins do grow wilde in diuers Prouinces of Spaine, and alfoinL anguedoc, 


yp- 
on drie bankes,and ftony places : I haue them both in my garden,and many others likewife. 
G The Time. 
They floure in Iune and July, 
@ The Names. 
They are called of the learned men of our time,Verbafca Sylueffria : the firfkis called of the Gre- 


ClaNS ervorOr preys: in Latine, E/ychninm,or after others, Elychinium, becaufeof the Cottonije fub- 
ftance thereof,matches,or weeks were made to keep light in lamps: Verbafium Ly chnitw,as Diofio- 
rides himfelfe teftifieth, is named alfo T hryallis ox Rofe Campion ; but the floure of Thryallis is red. 
ofcolour,as Nicander in his Counterpoifons doth fhew,but the floures of thefeare ycllow : there- 
fore they are neither T hryallis nox Lychnit us, but Sylucftre V erbafcum,or wilde Mulleia,as we haue al- 
ready taught inthe Chapter of Rofe Campion,that Thryallis is Lychuitis fatiua, or Rofe Campi- 
on. There isnothing to the contrary,but that there may-be many plants with foft downie leaues 
fit to make Candleweeke of: in Englith it is generally called French Sage: wee may call it Sage 
Mulleine. ; 
! q 7 he Temperature. 
As thefe be like in vertues to the others going before, fo they Ee likewifedric in temperature. 
q| The Vertues. 


Diofcorides faith, that the leaues are ftamped and laied in manner of a pultis vpon burnings and 
{caldings. 


Cuar, 267, Of (larie, 


i Gallitricum, fine Horminum. 2 Gallitricum alterum, 
Common Clarie. Small Clarie. 


Lire. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 469 


£ 3,,Horminum filueftre, Fuch{j. 
Fuchfius his wilde Clarie. 


mei, ‘ole oti hrovtrnsia — 7 


+ 4 Colwsfouis, lvipiters diftatte. 


©] Te Defcription. 
He firft kinde of Clarie whicly is 
the right,bringeth forth thick falk 
foure {quare, two foot lon 
into branches:it hath many leaues gro 
from therootes, and along the fta} 
ches by diftances,one againft another by 


two,great,a handfull broad or broader,fomewhat 


rough,vnequall, whitifh and hairie, bealfothe 
ftalkes, The floures are like thofe of Sagcjor of 
dead Ne of a light blew: 
alter which grow vp long toothed huskes in ftead 
of cods,in which is blacke feed. The root is full 
of ftrings : the whole herbe yeeldeth forth a rank 
anc throng fmell that fturffeth the head : it perifh- 
eth afterthe feed is ripe, which is in the fecond 
yeare after it 1s fowne. 

The fecond kinde of Clarie hath likewife 
ftalkes foure fquare, a foot and a halfe high : the 
eaues affo be rough and rugged, leffer,and not {0 
white. The floures be alike, of cotour purple or 
blew : the rdotes bee as thofe of the former are. 
This harh not fo ftrong a fent by a great deale. 

3 ‘There isakindeof Clariewhich Fuchfins 
pi@ureth for wilde Clarice, that hath fhorter 
{talkes, hairie, and alfo foure fquare : the leaues 
leffer, long,deeper indented: the floures blew of 
colour, {weet of {mell,but not fo fiveet as thofe of 


oie) 


770 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Liz. 


the right Clarie: the husks or cods when they areripe bend downwards : the feed is blackifh;the 
roots in like manner are blackeand full of ftrings. 

4 The fourthkind of Horminum,called Iovis Colws, reprefenteth in the 
a diftaffe,wrapped about with yellow flax,whereof it tooke his n 
certaine ftrings annexed thereto like Galcopfis, or like vnto the roots of Clarie, which doe yeeld 
forth fundry foure fquare rough ftalks,two cubits high ; whereondo grow leaues Jike thofe ofthe - 
Nettle,tough,fharpe poinred, and ofan ouerworne greene colour : the floures do grow along ft the 


top of the ftalks,by certaine {paces, fet round about in {ma] coronets,or wharles, like thofe of Sage 
in forme, but of a yellow colour, 


higheft top ofthe Ralke 
ame, hauing knobbie roots,with 


q The Place, 
Thefe doe grow wilde in fome places, notwithftanding they are manured 


{ and planted in Gar- 
dens,almoft cucry where, except Iupiters diftaffe, beeing a kinde thereof, which I haue in my 
Garden, 


G The Time, 

They floure in Iune,Iuly,and Auguft. 

| The Names. 

Clarie is called of the Apothecaries Gallitricumsit is likewife named oruala:of f ome,Tota bona, 
bur nor properly : ofothers,Scarlea,Sclarea,Centrum Galliand Matrifaluia. in Italian, Sciaria: in 
French,orwale: in High Dutch, Seharlach in Low Du tch, Spcharlepe sin Englith, Clarice, or 
Cleere eie. 5 

Iupiters diftaffe is called Colws Iovis : of fome,Galeop(is lutea, but not properly : of diuers, Hormi- 
um luteum , or yellow Clarie, and Horminum T ridentinumox Claric of Trent, 

G The Temperature. 

Clarie is hotand drie in the third degree, 

@ The Vertues, 

The feed of Clarie poudered, finely fearced and mixed with hony, taketh away the dimneffe of 
the eies,and cleereth the fight. 3 

The fame ftamped,infufed, or Jaied to fteepe inwarme water, the muffilag or flimie fubftance 
taken and applied plaifterwife,draweth forth {plinters ofwood,thornes,or any other thing fixed in 
the bodie : iralfo feattereth and diffolueth all kindes of fiwellings,efpecially in the ioints. 

The feed poudered and drunke withwine,ftirreth vp bodily luft. 

The leaues of Clarie taken any manner ofway, helpeth the weakneffe of the backe proceeding 
of the ouermuch flowing of the whites,but moft effectually if they be fried with egges in manner 
ofa Tanfie,either the leaues whole or ftamped, 


T The figure which formerly was vnder the title of Colgs Yous, was of the Horminum filuefireof Fuchfis which is deferibed immediatly before it. 


Cuar. 268: Ofwilde Clarie;or Ocalus Chrifti. 


| The Defcription, 


z Culus Chrifti_isalfo a kinde of Clarie, but leffer : the falkes are many,a cubite high, 
fquared,and fomewhat hairie : the leaues be broad,rough, and of a blackith green co- 
lour. The floures grow along ft the ftalkes, of a blewith colour. The feed is round and 

blackifh,the toot is thicke and tough, with fome threds annexed thereto, £ This is Hormini fylue- 
Str ts 4.quinta fpecies of Clufius + 

2  Thepurple Clarie hath leaues fomewhat round,layd ouer with a hoarie cottony fubftance, 
not much vnlike Horehound : among which rife vp {mall hairie fquare ftalks, fet toward the top 
with little leaues of a purple colour, which appeare at the firft view to be floures,and yet are no- 
thing elfe but leaues, turned into an excellent purple colour: and among thefe beautifull leaues 
come forth fmall floures ofa blewith or watchet colour, in fafhion like vnto the floures of Rofe- 
marie;which being withered,the husks wherein they did grow containe certaine blacke feed, that 
falleth forth vpon the ground very quickely, becaufe that euery fuch huiske doth turne and hang 
downe his head toward the ground, The root dieth at the fir approch of Winter. 

+ 3 Broad leaued Clarie hatha fquare ftalke fome cubite high,hairy,firme,and iointed sthe 
Teaues are large, rough, and fharpe pointed, fhipt about the ed ges,wrinckled,and ftand ing by cou- 
plesat each ioint : vponthe branches in roundles grow purple floures,leffe than thofe of Clarie, 
and fearee any bigger than thofe of Lauander : the feed is {mal and blacke: theroor is large,hard, 


black, 


LiB. 2 Of the Hiftory of PI: 


1 Horr 2 {ylueftre.. 
Wilde Clarie,or oculus Chrifti. 


Saboia 


+8) erbrern ALB 


; Depot tay i wee 
£3 Horminum fylueftre latifoliune 4 Horiminumn [ylueftre flore albo. 
Broad Jeaued wilde Claries White floured wilde Clarie: Hi 


a, tm lg ae 


771 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, _ item 
fe ELON icc a iain sce ine z 


blacke, and lites many yeares. It floures 


es in Iune 


=a Harminum fylueftre flove rubro. and Iuly,and growes wilde in many mountainous 
J J ‘ > p . 
Red floured wilde Clarice, places of Germany. Clufivs calls it Hor minum {yl- 


ueftre tertium, 


4 This hath long leaues next’ vnto the 
ground, growing vpon prettie long ftalkes, broad 
at their fetting on, and fo ehding by lirtleand 
little in fharpe points,they are not deeply cut in, 
but onely lightly fnipt about the edges : they 
are alfo wrinckled on the vpper fide,and whitith, 
but hairieon the vnder fide. The {quare flalkes 
are fome cubite high, iointed, and fet with two 
Ieaues at each ioint. The floures grow alone ft 
the tops of the branches, and are of a {now white 
colour. There is a varietie of this with the leaues 
greener, and the floures ofan elegant deepe pur- 
plecolour. This is the Horminum {ylueftris quarti 
Species prima of Clufius, and the varietie with the 
white floures is his Hormini [ylucftris quart? fhecies 
prima; and the figure that our Authour gaue in 
the firft place was of thefe, 

5 There is another variety of the laft deferi- 
bedwhich alfo bath fquare ftalks fet with rough 
{nipt leaues , which end in fharp points, butare 
narrower at the lower end than the former, and 
they are greene of colour : vpou the tops of the 
ftalkes grow red hooded floures, and thofe not 
very large: the feed is {mall and blacke,and the 
root liues many yeares. This foures in Tuly. Cl 

-fivs makes this his Horminj Sylucftris quarti  (pecies 
quarta, $ 


@ The Place: 
The firft groweth wilde in diuers barren Places,almoft in euery Country,efpecially in the fields 
of Holborne heere vnto Grayes Inne, in the high way by theend of abricke wall: at theend of 


Chelfey next to London, in the high way as you go from the Queenes pallace of Richmond to the 
waters fide,and indiuers other places. , 


The otherisa ftranger in England:it gtoweth in my garden. 


© The Time. 
They floure and flourith from Iune to the end of Augutt. 


@ The Names, 


name Oculus Chrifti,of his effe@ in helping the difeafes 
Latine,Horminum’: of fome,Geminalis? in Eneglith,wild 


Wilde Clarie is called after the Latine 
of the eies:in Greeke ino: and likewife in 
Clarie,and Oculus Chrifti, 


The fecond is thought of fome to be the tight Clarie, and they hauecalled it Hormiaum UCT, 


but with greater errour: it maybe called in Latine Horiminum fylucfire folys & floribus purparen, 
Clariewith leaues and floures of a purple colour, 


+ Our Authour fhould haue fhewn his reafonsw 
uinéed theerronr of Anguillara, Matthiolus,Gefner, 
it {o,as I my felfe muft needs do,vntill for 
cannot bedone, + 


hy this is not the Horminum verum,to haue con- 
Dodonaus, Lobel and others,who haue accounted 
me reafon be fhewne to the contrarie,the which I thinke 


Y 


@ The Temperature andVertues, 


‘The temperature and faculties are referred v 
is hot and moderately drieand it alfo clenfeth. 

The feed of wilde Clarie,as Diofcorides writeth, being drunke with wine, ftirreth vp luft,itclen- 
feth the eies from filmes and orher imperfections, being mixed with honie. 

The feede put whole into the cies, clenfeth and purgeth them exceedingly from warerith hu- 
mours,redneffe,inflammation,and diuers other maladies,or all that ha ppenynto the eies,and rakes 
away the paine and fmarting thereofefpecially being put into theeies one feed atone time, and 


no 


nto the garden Claries yet Pals Bgineta faith it 


773 


Ntries thereabout, knoine ofall, 


‘Lise. Of the Hiftory of Plants: 


no more,which is a generall medicine in Chefhire and other Cou 
and vfed with good fuccefle. #90 


The leaues,ate good to be put into pottage or brothes among other potherbes : for they featrer D 
congealed bloud,warme the ftomacke,and helpe the dimneffe of the eies, 


rie 


t Thefigure chat formerly was'in the firft place,wasof that which you may here finde figured and defcribedin the fourth, 


Cuar. 269. Of eMullein. 


q The Defcription, 


I He male Mullein or Higtaper hath broad leaues, very foft,whitith and downie,in the ii } 

Tiniat ofwhichrifech vpa ftalke,ftraight, fingle,and the fame alfo whitifh all ouer,with hie 

a hoarie downe,and couered with the like leaues,but leffer and leffer euen to the top:among which 
taperwife are feta multitude of yellow floures, confifting of fiue-leaues a 


peece: in the places Ha Mea 
whereof come vp little round veffels,in which is contained very {mall feed. The root is longa fin. iit 4} ¢ | 
ger thicke,blacke without,and full of firings. 1 Wet o 
if nay 

1° Tapfus Barbatus. 2 Tapfius Barbatws lore albo, i} Wate 

Mullein or Hi taper, White floured Mullein: Ae LABS atid 


ents asltume 
=> 


Shapes. =F 


ii ri 
td a { 
| WY Wid 
| ie 
‘ el t 
i} Pi a 
aa 
: 4 wat iG 
: 4) ed 
ti # 
i ee 
ig ; 
i?) i ‘ 
\ ii 
| 
{ 
: 
| t Ab 
i i) 
t- 
tit 
Hoe 
2 The female Mullein hath likewife many white woolley leaues, fer vpon an hoarie cottonie it ay 
vpright ftalke,ofthe height of foure or flue cubits : the top of the ftalks refembletha torch decked ih a 
. . . wt 
with infinite white floures,which is the {peciall marke to know it fromthe male kinde,being like ie 
Meuery other refpect. 
The Place. 


Thefé plants do grow of themfelues mth the borders of pa (tutes, and plowed fields,or caufies, fa 
and drie fandie ditch banks,and in other vntilled places. They grow in great plentie neere vnto a 1a 
lyme kill vpon the end of black Heath next to London,as alfo about the Queens houfe at Elthant 
heere vnto Dartford in Kent : in'the high waies about Highgate neere London,and in mo coun- 4 
tries of England that are of a fandie foile, 


Ttt q The feat! 


"974s the Hitorie of Plants: = Lan.z. 


@ The Time. 
They are found with their floure from Iuly to September, and bring forth their feed the fe- 
cond yeare after the feed is fowne. ; 
G The Names. , 
Mullein is called in Greeke oxin fhops,Tapfis Barbatus:of divers Candela Regia, Candelariaan 
Lanaria: Diofcorides, Pliny and Galen,docallitY crba cum : in Italian,Verbafco, and T affa Barbaffo -in 
Spanith,Goraolebo : in High Dutch, neullbvaut : in French, Bovéllos - in Englifh, Mullein, orra- 
ther Woollen,Higtaper, 1 orches,Long-woort,and Bullockes Long-woort ; and of fome Hares- 
beard. c 
| The Temperature, 
Mullein is of temperature drie: the leaues haue alfo a digefting and clenfing qualitie, as Galen 
affirmeth. , 
Gi The Vertues. 


‘A Theleaues of Mullein being boiled in water,and laid vpon hard fwellings and inflammations 


B 
Cc 


D 


E 


F 


G 


H 


I 


K 


ofthe eies,cureth and ceafeth the paine. 

The root boiled in red wine and drunke, ftoppeth the laske and bloudy flix: 

The fame boiled in water and drunke, is good for them that are broken and hurt inwardly, and 

reuaileth much againft the old cough. : 

A little fine treacle {pred vpon a leafe of Mullein,and laied to the piles or Hemorhoides,cureth 
the fame : an ointment alfo made with the leaues thereof and old hogs greafe worketh the fame 
effed. : 

The leaues worne vnder the feet day and night,in manner ofa fhooe fole or fock,bringeth down 
in yong maidens their defired fickneffe,being kept vnder their feet with fome focks or otherthing 
for falling away. 

The Countrey people, efpecially the husbandmen in Kent, doe giue their cattell the leaues to 
drinke againft the cough of the lungs,being an excellent approued medicine for the fame,where- 
upon they doe callit Bullocks Lung-woort. 

Frankenfence and Mafticke burned ina chafing dith of coles,and fet within a clofe ftoole; and 
the fume thereof taken vnderneath,doth perfedtly cure the piles, hemorrhoids , and all difcafes 
happening in thofe lower parts,ifalfo there be at euery fuch fuming: (which mutt bee twice euerie 
day)a leafe of the herbe bound to the place, and there kept vntill the next dreffing. 

There be fome who thinke that this herbe being but carried about one,doth helpe the falling 
fickuieffe,efpecially the leaues of that plant which hath not as yetborne floures,and that is gathe- 
red when the Sun is in Virgo,and the Moone in Aries ; which thing notwithftanding is vaine and, 
fuperftitious. 

The later Phyfitions commend the yellow floures, beeing fteeped in Oile and fet in warme 
doung vntill they bee wafted into the Oile and confumed away, to bee-aremedisagainft the 
iles. 
: The report goeth, faith P/izy,that figges do not putrifieat all that are wrapped in the leaues of 
Mullein: which thing Déofcorides alfo maketh mention of. : 


Cuar. 270, Of bafe Mullein. 
| The Deftription. 


I Hebafe white Mullein hath a thicke wooddie root, ftom which rifeth vpa ftiffe and 
hairie ftalke, of the height of foure cubites,garnifhed with faire grayith leaues like 
thofe of Elecampane, but leffer:the floures grow round about the ftalks taper or torch 

fafhion,ofa white colour,withcertaine golden thrums inthe middle:the feed followeth,{mal,and 
of the colour of duft. 

2 Blacke Mullein hath long leaues,not downie at all, large and fharp pointed,of an onerworne 
blackith green colour, fomewhat rough, and ftrongly {melling : the floures grow at the top of the 
ftalks,ofa golden yellow colour,with certaine threds in the middle thereof. The root differeth not 
from the precedent. 

3 Candleweeke Mullein hath large,broad,and woollie leaues, like ynto thofe ofthe common 
Mullein: among which rifeth vp a ftalke couered with the like leaues,euento the branches wher- 
onthe floures do grow,but leffer and lefler by degrees. The ftalke diuideth it felfe toward the top 
into diuerfebranches, whereon is fet round about many yellow floures, which oftentimes doe 
change intowhite, vatying according ynto the foile and clymate. ‘Theroot is thickand woody 

ae 4 The 


1 Verbaftum album, 2 yr erbafcum nigrum, 
Bafe white Mullein. Bafe blacke Mullein, 


A AT Pes ~ 2 & : 
VELL DP ABS VS NV 3 RB Aa 


3 Verbalcuws Lychnite Matthioli., 4 Verbafcum Lychnite minus, eg I 
Candle-weeke Mullein. Small Candle-weeke Mullein, : | ’ 


a 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li.s.2. 


4 The fall Candle-weeke Mullein differeth little from the laft rehearfed, fauing that the 
wholeplant ofthis is ofa better fauour,wherein efpecially confifteth the difference. + The floure 
alfo 1s much larger,and of a ftraw,or pale yellow colour. $ : 

@| The Place. - 
Thefe plants do grow where the other Mulleins do,and in the like foile. 
a The lime, 
Thetime likewife anfwereth their flouring and feeding. 
] The Names, 

Theis capital! names expreffed in the titles fhal ferue for thefe bafe Mulleins,confidering they 
are all and cuery ofthem kindes of Mulleins. 

q The Temperature, 

Thefe Mulleins are drie without any manifeft heat, yet doubtleffe hotter and drier than the 
common Mullein or Hyg taper. 


Blk 


a The Vertues. 
A Theblacke Mullein, with his pleafant yellow floures, boiled inwater or wine and drunken, is 
good againft the difeafes of the breft and lungs,and againft all {pitting of corrupt rotten matter. 
B The leaues boiled in water, ftamped and applied pultis wifevpon cold {wellings (called oede- 
mata)and alfo vpon the y\cers and inflammations of the eies, cureth the fame. j 
The floures of blacke Mullein are put into lie, which caufeth the haire ofthe head to wax yel- 
low, if it be wafhed and combed therewith: ; 
D__ The Jeauecs are put into cold ointments with good fucceffe, againft {caldings and burnings with 
fire or water. 
Apuleius veporteth a tale of VA's, Mercurie, and the inchantrefle Circe,and their vfe of thefe 
1erbes in their incantations and witchcerafts, a 


Cua. 271. Of Moth Mullein, 


‘| | 1 Blattaria Pliny. 2 Blattaria flere purpureo. 
-PliniesMoth Mullein, Purple Moth Mullein. 


[ara 23 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 5. 777 


a The Defcription. 


x Liniehath fet forth akinde of Blattaria, which hath long and fmooth leaues, fomewhat 
Pitgect or fnipt aboutthe edges: the ftalke rifeth vp tothe height of three cubits , di- 
uiding it felfe toward the top into fundry armes or branches,befet with yellow floures 

like vnto blacke Mullein. ' 

2 Blattariawith purple floures hath broad blacke leaues, without any manifeft {hips or not. 
ches by the fides,growing flatvpon the ground : among which rifeth vp a ftalke two cubits high, 
arnifhed with floures like vnto the common Blattar/a, but that they are of a purple colour, and 
thofe few threds or chiues inthe middle ofa goldencolour : the root is as thick as a mans thumb, 
with fome threds hanging thereat,and it indureth from yeare to yeare. 

3 Thereis another kinde like vnto the blacke Mullein, in ftalks,roots,and leaues, and other 
fefpects,fauing that his {mall floures are ofa greene colour. ; 

4 There is another likevntothe laft before written, fauing that his leaues are not fodeepely 
cutabout the edges, and that the {mall floureshaue fome purple colour mixed with the green- 
neffe. 


$ 3 Blattaria flore viridi. $ 4 Blattaria flore ex viridi purpurafcente, 
Greene Moth Mullein. Moth Mullein with the greenith purple 
coloured floure. 


+ “5 This is fomewhat like the firft defcribed in leaues and ftalks,buit much leffe,thefloures 
alfo are ofa whitish or grayifh colour,and therein confifts the chiefeft difference, 

6 There is alfo another varietic of this kindewwhich hath very faite and large floures,and thefe 
either of a bright yellow,or elfe ofa purple colour, 

7 This hath long narrow leaues like thofe of the fecond, fnipt about the edges,and of a darke 
gtcene colour : the ftaikes grow fome two cubits high, and feldome fend forth any branches; the 
floures are large and yellow, with rough threddes ip their middles tiptwith red, and thefe grow 
in fuch an order that they fomewhat refemble d*ie : the {eed is {mall, and contained in round 
buttons, This is an annuall,and perifheth when the feed is ripe. + : 


Tte 3 ‘ @ The 


+ 5 Blattaria flore albo, 
White floured Moth Mullein, 


eS ee Se + - 


i . £7 Blattaria flove Luteo, — 
~ Yellow Moth Mullein, 


a ee eS 


778 OF the Hiftory of Plants, : Bre 


£ 6 Blattaria flore amplo. 
Moth Mullein with the great floure; 
pli C1 vig ONgrawe 


@ The Place; . 
7 The firft and fift of thefe grow wilde in fun- 
tie places,and the reft onely in gardens with vs, 
@ The Time, 
They floure in July and Augut. 
@ The Names. 

The later Herbarifts call Moth Mullein by the 
name of Blatrarta,and doe truly take it to bee that 
which Plinie defcribeth in his 22. booke,cap.9. in 
thefe words. [ There is anherbe like Mullein, or 
Verbafium nigrum which oftentimes deceiueth,be- 
ing taken for the fame, with leaues not fo white, 


‘moe ftalks,and with yellow floures (asweehaue 


written) which do agree with blacke Mullein, but. 

we haue not as yet learned by obferuatton that 

they do gather mothes and flies vnto them,aswee 

haue faid.] Valerius Cordus names it Verbaftun 

Leptophyllon,or narrow leafed Mullein:their feueral 

titles fufficiently fet forth their Englith names, 
G] The Nature and V ertues. 

Concerning the plants comprehended vnder the 
titles of Blattaria,or MothMulleins,I find nothing 
written of them,fauing that moths,butterflies,and 
all manner of {mall flies and bats do refort tothe 
place where thefe herbs are laied or firewed. 

The decoGié of the floures or leaucs of the firft 
deferibed opens the obftruGions of the bowels,as 
alfoofthe Meferaicke veins,as Camerar.affirmes. £ 


CHAP, 


Lis.2. OF the Hiftory of Plants: 


Cuap. 272. 


eAithiopes x 
Aithiopian Mullein, 


S 
> fii/Mill 
Ts 


likewife called cvteroides, of Mervé, as P 
fieth in Latine Fawilla adufla, or Cinere afperfa,ov couered with afhes : in 
Iein of Zthiopia, orwoolly Mullein. 


Of Mullein of Zthiopia. 


q The Defcription. 


Vilein of Aithiopia hath many very broad 
hoary leaues fpred vpon the ground, very 
foft and downy, or rather woolly, like to 

thofe of Hygtaper, but farre whiter, fofter, thic- 
ker, and fuller of woollineffe ; which wooll is fo 
Jong,thatone may with his fingers pull the fame 
from the leaues, euenas wooll is pulled from a 
Sheeps skinne : among which leaues rifeth vp a 
foure fquare downy ftalke , fet with the like 
Jeaues, but fmaller;which ftalke is diuided at 
the top into other branches, fet about and order: 
Jy placed by certaine diftances , hauing many 
floures like thofe of Archangell, ofa white co- 
Tour tending to blewneffe : which being paft, 
there furcceedetha three f{quare browne feed : the 
toot is blacke, hatd, and ofa wooddy fubftance, 
q The Place. 

It groweth naturally in Ethiopia, and in Ida; 
ahill hard by Troy,and in Meffenia a prouince 
of Morea, as P4xy fheweth in his twenty feuenth 
booke, chap. 4. it alfo groweth in Meroe, an 
Mand in the riuer Nilus: it likewife groweth in 
my garden, 

e The Time, 

Tt floureth and Houritheth in Iune, and perfe- 

ceth his feed toward the end of Augutt, 
@ The Names. 
It is called in Greek Aisa: : and in Latine e4- 


thiopis, of the countrey , and for chat caufe it js 
diny writeth : of fome becaufe the Greeke word Ais, figni- 


Englith we may cal it Mul- 


q The Nature. 
eZthiopis is dry without any manifett heate. 
@ THe Vertues. 
eAithiopis is good for thofe that haue the Pleurifie, and for thofe that haue theit bre 
with corrupt and rotten matter, and for fuch as are grieued with the 
the throat,and againft the Sciatica, ifone drinke the decoction of the 


afperitie and roughnefle in 
root thereof, 


For the difeafes of the breft and lungs it is good to licke oftentimes ofa confedion made with B 


the root hereofand honey,and fo are tl 


the roots of Eringos, 


Je roots condited with fugar,in fuch manner as they condite 


Cuap, 474. Of Com/flips. 


@ The Defiription, 


I Hofe herbes which at this day are called Primrofes, Cow/flips, and Oxlips, aie recko- 
ned among the kindes of Mulleins ; notwithftanding for diftin@ions fake I haue mat- 
fhalled them ina chapter,comming in the rereward as next neighbors to the Mullens; 


for that the Antients haue named t 
is called in Englifh the field Cow 
much time about the defcription.. 


hem Verbsfiwlz, that is to fay, Small Mullens. The firft, which 
flip, is as commoias the reft, therefore I thal! hot need to fi pend 


2 The fecond is likewife well knowneby the name of Oxlip, and differeth not ftom the other, 


faue 


efts charged A 


—— 


ear a dene a Sas ee 


2 ne an Se acme 


rn 


— —___. 


780 Ofthe Hitorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


faue that the floures are not fo thicke i e 
pete eigen cinerea pee together as the former, and they are fairer, and fewer 
; ot imell fo pleafantly as the other: of which kinde wee haue one lately come 


into our gardens, whofe floures are curled and wrinkled after a moft ftrange manner,which our wo- 
men haue named Iack-an-apes on horfebacke, 


1 Primulaverts maior. 2 Primula pratenfis inodoral, 
j i alutea. 
_ Field Cowflips. Field Oxlips. 


}\ youler pene = 


; 3 DoublePaigle, called of Peaa, Primula hortenfis Anglica omnium maxima, & firotina floribus 

ite plenis ,that is, The greateft Englith garden Cowflip with double yellow floures, is fo commonly 
i ‘ knowne that itneedeth no defcription. 
‘ ee j 4 The fourth is likewife known by the name of double Cowflips,hauing but one floure with- 

avd } inanother, which maketh the fame once double, where the other is many times double,called by 
HY) bade dt Pena, Geminata, for the likenefle of the floures, which are brought forth as things againft nature,or 

; ape twinnes. 

5 The fifth being the common white field Primrofe, needeth no defcription. a | 
wee 6 The fixth, which is our gardendouble Primrofe, ofall the reft is of greateft beauty,the de- | 
nd {cription whereof I refer vnto your owne confideration. 

j 7 The feuenth kinde is alfo very well knowne, being a Primrofe with greenith floures fome- 
what welted about the edges : for which caufe Penahath called it Siluarnm primula, floribws obfiure 
virentibus fimbriatis. 

8 There is a ftrange Primrofe found in awood in Yorkfhire growing wilde,by the trauell and 
induftrie ofa learned gentleman of Lancathire called M'. Thomas Hesketh, a diligent fearcher of 
Simples,who hath not onely brought to light this amiable and pleafant kinde of Primrofe, but | 
many others likewife, neuer before his time remembred or found out. This kinde of Primrofe 
hath leaues and'roots like thewilde field Primrofe in each refpe@ : it bringeth forth amongft the 
leaves a naked ftalke ofa grayifh or ouerworne greenifh colour: at the top whereof doth grow in 
the Winter time one foure and nomore, like ynto that fingle one of the field : but in the Sommer 
time itbringeth forth a foft ruffer huske or hofe, wherein are contained many fimall floures,fome- 
times foure or fiue, and oftentimes mote, very thicke thruft together, which maketh one.entire 

: floure, feeming tobe one of the common double Primrofes,whereas indeed it isone double floure 
made ofanumber of {mall fingle floures, neuer ceafing tobeare floures Winter nor Sommer, as 
before is fpetified. . 


$ Befides 


——" 


Lis, 2. 


3 Primula hortenfis Anclica; 
Double Paigles, ~ 


i 


ZEN AS faa 
Ry Ey 


5 Primulaveris mingy, 


Field Primrofe, 
J AAA! oo _Q OrL5. 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


4 Primula veris floreceminato, 
Cowflips two ina hofe, 


6 Primula veris lore pleno. 
Double white Primrofe, 


+. Befides thefe, there are kept in our 
gardens, and fet forth by M*. Parkinfoa(to 
whofe WorkeI referre the curious Rea- 
der) twoor three more vatieties ; one a 
double Cowflip hofe in hafe, naked, 
without any huske : the other two beare 
many grcene leaues on the tops of the 
ftalkes,the one of them hauing yellowith 
floures among ft the Ieaues, and the other 
onely longifh natrow greene leauies. The 
firft of thefe he calls Paraly(is inodora flore 
geminato, Double Oxlips hofe in hofe. 
The fecond, Paralyfis fatua, The foolith 
Cowflip. And the laft, Paraly(is flore vi- 
vidi rofeo calamiftrato, "The double gicene 
feathered Cowflip, £ 
a @ The 


] 
4 


Of the Hifterie of Plants. Lisa. 


7 Primula floreviridi, $8 Primula veris Heskethi, 
Greene Primrofe, M:. Heskeths Primrofe, 


Ae pr 


ig ceeee, 
BN iG 
aN Hm, 


1 | The Place. 
| Cowflips and Primrofes ioy in moift and dankith places, but not altogether couered with wa- 
\ ter, they are found in woods and the borders of fields : the Primrofe found by M', Hesketh growes 
; ; inawood called Clap-dale, three miles from a townein Yorkefhirg called Settle, ? 
} | The Time. 


They flourifh from Aprill to the endof May, and fome one or other of them do floure all they, 
Winter long. nd 


ba q The Names, 
i They arecommonly called Primula vers, becaufe they are the firft among thofe plants that doe 
ay ; floure in the Spring, or becaufe they do floure with the firft. They are alfo named Arthritice,and 
| iad Herba paralyfis, for they are thought to be good againft the paines of the ioynts and finewes. They 
; are called in Italian, Brache cuculi : in Englith, Petty Mulleins, or Palfie-worts : of moft, Cow- 
flips. 
ihe greater fort, called for the moft part Oxlips or Paigles, arenamed ofdiuers Herba S. Petri. 
i InEnglith, Oxlip,and Paigle. 
; il The common Primrofe is vfually called Primula veris : moft Herbarifts do refer the Primrofes 
j ‘| to the wits, called in Latine Verbafcu/a,or Petty Mulleins ; but feeing the leaues be neither wool- 
| lic nor round, they are hardly drawn vato them : for Phlomides are defcribed by leaues,as Pliny hath 
Interpreted it, Hir{utis & Rotundis, Hairy and round ;which Pliny, lib.25. cap. 10. tranflateth thus : 
Mh Sunt Gy Phlomides dus Hirfuta, rotundis folss, hamiles : whichis as much to fay in Englifh as, There 
‘4 | be alfo two pretty Mulleins, hairy, round leafed, low, orfhort. + Fabius Colymna refers thefe to 


loofe and out of ioynt, or inward parts thatare hurt, rent, or broken. 
B — Adramme and a halfe of the pouder of the dried roots of field Primrofe gathered.in Autumne, 


| 
thi | ofthe finewes, which is the palfie. The decoétion of the roots is thought tobe profitably giuen 
| giuen 


en | the Alifina of Diofcor.and calls the Cowflip Alifina pratorum : and the Primrofe, Alifma fyluarun. ab 
ae } | The Temperature. 
tae al The Cowflips and Primrofes are in temperature dry,and a little hot. 
nis q@ The Vertues, 
| ar A The Cow/flips are commended againft the paine of the ioynts called the Gout, and flackenefle » 
‘ | againft the ftone in the kidneyes and bladder ;and the iuyce of the Jeaues for members that are 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 783 
giuen to dtinke in Ale or Wine purgeth by vomit very forcibly (but fafely) wateri(h humours, 
choler, and flegme, in fuch manner as 4zarvm doth, experimented bya learned and skilful] Apo- 
thecarie of Colchefter M*. Thomas Buck{tone, a man fingular inthe knowledge of Simples, 


Aconferuemadewith the floures of Covwdlips and fugar preuaileth wonderfully againft the C 


palfie, convulfions, cramps, and all the difeafes of the finewes. . 


Cowllips or Paiglesdo greatly reftraine or ftop the belly in the time ofa great laske or bloudy D 


flix, ifthe decoion thereofbe drunke warme. 


A practitioner in London, whowas famous for curing the frenfic, after that heehad performed E 


his cure by the due obferuation of phyficke,accuftomed euety yeare in the moneth of May to dict 
his patients after this manner: Take the leaues and floures of Primrofe, boyle them a little in 
fountaine water, and in fome Rofe and Betony waters, adding thereto fugar, pepper, falt, and but- 
ter, which being ftrained, he gaue them to drinke thereof firft and laf. 


The roots of Primrofe ftamped and ftraincd, and the inyce fhiffed into the ‘nofe witha quillor fF 


fuch like, purgeth the braine, and qualifieth the paine of the megrim. 


Anvynguent made with the inyce of Cowflips and oyle of Linfeed cureth all fealdings or bur- G 


nings with fire, water, or otherwife. 


The floures of Primrofes fodden in vineger and applied, doheale the Kings Euill, as alfo the H 


almonds of the throat and uvula, if you gargarife the part with the decoction therecf. 
The leaues and floures of Primrofes boyled in wine and drunke, is good againft all difeafes of J 
the breft and lungs,and draweth forth of the fleth any thorne or {plinter,or bone fixed therein. 


Cuar.274, Of Birds-eme. 


t Primulaveris flore rubro. 
—Red Bird-cyne. 
G Wy yess! a foriaio So, 
ov 


2 Primulaverss flore albo. 
White Bird-eyne. 


@ The Defcription. Bf ‘ 

I Ome Herbarifts call this plant by the name of Sanicula anguftifolia , making thereof two 
kinds,and diftinguifhing them by thefe termes maior & minor, five media : others cal them 
Paralytica alpina, which without controuerfie are kindes of Cowflips, agreeing with them 

8 Well in fhape, as in their nature and vertues,hauing leaues much likevato Cowflips,but {maller, 
wat ote 1 eas growing 


—a 


oO DR, 


a 


NE hH: 


984 _ Of theHiftory of Plant. Lis.a, 


growing flat vpon the ground, of a faint greenifh colour on the vpper fide,8 vnderneath ofa white 
ormealy colour : among which rife vp {mall and tender ftalkes of a foot high, hauing at the top 
of euery ftalke a buth of {mall floures in fhape likethe common Oxlip, fauing that they are of a 
faire ftammell colour tending to purple: in the middle of cuery {mall floure appeareth a little yel- 
low fpot, refembling the eye of a bird ; which hath moued the people ofthe North parts(where it 
aboundeth) tocall it Birds eyne. The feed is {mall like duft, and the root white and threddy. 

2 The fecond is like the firft, fauing that the whole plant is greater in each refpeét, and thar 
the floures are of a whitith colour. ‘ 

qi The Place. 

Thefe plants grow. very plentifully inmoift and fqually grounds in the North parts of England, 
as in Harwood ncere to Blackburne in Lancafhire,and ten miles from Prefton in Aundernefle;alfo 
at Crosby, Rauenfwaith, and Crag-Clofe in Weftmerland, 

They likewtfe grow in the medowes belonging to avillage in Lancafhire neere Maud fley, cal- 
led Harwood, and at Hesketh not far from thence, and in many other places of Lancafhire,butnot 
on this fide Trent, that I could ener haue any certaine knowledge of. Lodelreporteth, That doGor 
Penny (a famous Phy {ition ofour London Colledge) did finde them in thefe Southerne parts. 

; | The Time. 

They floureand flourith from A prill to the end of May, 

@ The Names. 

The firft is called Primrofe with the red floure: the fecond, Primrofe with the white floure,and) 
Birds eyne. 

G The Nature and Vertues, 

The nature and vertues of thefered and white Primrofes muft be fought out amongft thofe 
aboue named. 


Cuar: 275: Of Beareseares, or Mountaine Cowflips. 


5 Auriculavrfiflore luteo, 2 Auriculavrfiflore purpureo. 
(Yellow Beares-eare, Purple Beares-eare, 


Lis.2. Of the Hiftory: of Plants. 


«| The Kindes. 
Here be diuers forts of Mountaine Cowflips, or Beares-eares, differing efpecially in the co- 
lour of their floures, as fhall be declared, notwithftanding it may appeare to the curious 
that there is great difference in the roots alfo, confidering fome of them haue knobby rOots, and 
others threddy : notwithftanding there is no difference in the roots atall. 

+ There are diuers varieties of thefe floures, and the chiefe differences arife, either from the 
feaues or floures ; from their leaues, which are either fmooth and greene, or elfe gray and hoary, 
againe they are {moot about the edges, or fnipt more or leffe; The floures fome are fairer then 
otherfome, and their colours are fo various, that it is hard to finde words to exprefle them, bur 
they may be refer’d towhites,reds, yellowes, and purples ; for ofall the varieties and mixtures of 
thefe they chiefely confift. The gardens of M'. Trade{cant and M'. Tuggie are at this prefent furni- 
fhed with very great varieties of thefe floures. + 


Tey < 
3 AuriculaVrfi 4. Clufij. 4 tAuriculaV r[iiiy. Clufy. . Hit 
Red Beares eare. Scarlet Beares eare, i 
the) i H 
} ' th i} } 
en an 
" al 
Bi 
ith 1H 
lif 1] 
iy i 
HT ha 
HH 
4) 
| 
; 
| 
t { . 
it J 
ae a 
a) F 
pA 
iif fy 
i 
iy 
i 
| The Defcription. 
{| 
i Vricula Vrfi was called of Matthiolus,Peaa,and other Herbarifts, Sanicula Alpina, by rea- j i’ 


fon of his fingular facultie inhealing of wounds, both inward and outward; They ; 
do all call it Paralityca, becaufe of his vertues in curing the palfies, cramps, and con. iB) 
vulfions,and is numbred among the kindes of Cowflips,whereof no doubt they are kinds,as others 
are which do hereafter follow vnder the fame title, although there be fome difference in the co- 
lour of the floures. This beautifull and braue plant hath thicke, greene, and fat leaues, fomewhat 
finely fnipt about the edges, not altogether vnlike thofe of Covwtlips, but fmoother, greener, and 
Nothing rough or crumpled : among which rifeth vp a flendet round {tema handfull high, bearing 
atuft of floures at the top, of a faire yellow colour,not much valike to the floures of Oxe-lips, q 
but more openand confifting ofone only leafe like Cotiledon: the root is very threddy, and like 
vnto the Oxe-lip. 

2 The leaues of this kinde which beareth the purple floures are not fo much fnipt about | 
the edges : thefe faid purple floures hauealfo fome yellowneffe in the middle,but the floures are 
not fomuch laid open as the former, otherwife inall refpeéts they aie like, yell 
’ Vuu ; 3 Carolus 


a== 


786 : Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis, 2. 


3 Carolus Clufivs fetteth forth in the booke of his Pannonicke trauels two kindes more,which 
he hath found in his trauell ouer the Alpes and other mountaines of Germanie and Heluetia » bes 
ing the third in number, according tomy computation: it hath leaues like the former, but lon- 
ger, {maller, and narrower toward the bottome,greene aboue, and of a pale colour vnderneath. The 
floures are in fafhion like to the former,but ofa moft fhining red colour within,and on the outfide 
ofthe colour ofa mulberry : the middle or eye of the floure is ofawhitith pale colour : the root is 
like the former. 

4 The fourthis a {maller plant than any of the forefaid, whofe leaues are thicke and fat, no- 
thing at all fnipt about the edges, greene aboue, and grayifh vnderneath. The floures are like the 
former, fhining about the edges, ofan ouerwornecolour toward the middle , and in the middle 
commeth a forke couered with an hairineffe ; the root is blacke and threddy. 


5 AuriculaV rfi crubcfcens. 


6 Auricula¥ rfi fuane rubens. 
Bluth coloured Beares eare, 


Bright red Beares eare, 


7 AuriculaVe fi minima, 
Stamell Beares eare. 


5 The bluth-coloured Beares eare hath diners thicke fat leaues {pred vpon the ground, of 2 
Wwhitifh greencolour,fleightly or not at all indented in the edges :among which; tifethvpa naked 
ftalke likewife hairy ox whitifh, on the top whereof ftand very faire floures, in thape like thofe of 


the common Cowflip, but ofa whitith colour tending to purple, which wee terme bluth-colour. 


The root is tough and threddy, as areal! the reft. 

_ 6 The bright fhining red Beares care of cat att hiolus defcription feemes to late Herbarifts te 
berathera figure madeby conceit ot imagination,than by the fight of the plant it felf; for doubt- 
leffe we are perfuaded that there is no fach plant, but onely a figure foifted for oftentations fake, 
the defeription whereof we leaue toa further confideration, becaufe we haue not {eene any fach 
plant,neither do we belecue there is any fuch. + Our Author is here without caufe iniurious to 
Matthiolus , for he figures and defcribes onely the common firft defcribed yellow Beares eare : yet 
ifhe had faid the floures were of a light fhining red,he had not erred; for I haue feen rhefe floures 
ofall the reds both bright and darke thatone may imagine, + 


7 PtKa 


Lis.2 Of the Hiftory of Plants: 


7 Pena fetteth forth a kinde of Beares eare ynder the name of Sunitula Alp ina;hauine 
moftleaues an inch‘long, fomewhat iagged and hem’d at the ends,and broad before like a fhouel - 
the lower leanes next the ground are fomewhat fhorter,but of the fame forme ; among which ri 
ferh a fall flender foot-ftalke ofan inch long,whereon doth ftanda finall floure,confitti 
little leaues ofa bright red or ftammell colour. 

».8 The fnow white Beares eare differeth not from the laft deferibed but in the colour of th 
floure, for as the others are red,contrarie thefe are very whité,and the whole plant is leffer,wherein 
confifteth the difference. The root is long, tough,with fome fibres thereto belonging. Neither of 
the{etwo laft deferibed will be content to grow in gardens. 

@ The Place, 

They grow naturally vpon the Alpith and Heluetian mountaines : moft ofthem do grow in our 
London gardens. 


g¢ of flue 


¢ The Times 
Thefe herbes do floure in Aprilland May. 
; The Names. 

Either the antient writers knew not thefe plants, or elfe the names of themwere not by them or 
their fucceflors diligently committed ynto pofteritie. Matthiolws and other later writers kaue gi- 
uen names according to the fimilitude,or of the fhape that they beare vnto other plants,according 
to the likeneffe of the qualities and operations : you may call it in Englith, Beares eare : they that 
dwellabout the Alps doe call it Opteravot, and Schwoindlebratot, by reafon of the efeas 
thereof ; for the root is amongft them in great requeft for the ftrengthning of the head, that when 
they are on the tops of places that are high, giddineffe and the {wimming of the braine may not 
affi& them: itis there called the Rocke-rofe, for that it groweth vpon the rockes, and refembleth 
the braue colour of theRofe. + Fabits Columna proves this tobe the Alifina Or Damafoninm of Di- 
ofcorides and the Antients. c 

@ The Nature. 

Thefe herbes are dry and very aftringent. 

TheP ertues. 


It healeth all outward and inward wounds of the breft, and the enterocelealfo,if for fome reafo- A 


nable {pace of time it be put in drinkes,or boyledby itfelfe, ,° 


; 4 
Thefe plants are of the nature and temperature Of Primula ver#, and are reckoned amongft the B 


Sanicles by reafon of their vertue. 


Thofe that hunt inthe Alps and high mountaines after Goats and Bucks,do as highly eftecme C 


hereof as of Doronicum, by reafon of the fingular effets that it hath,bur(as I {aid before) one efpe- 
cially, euen in that it preuenteththe loffe of their beft ioynts (I meane their neckes) if they take 
the roots hereof before they a{cend the rocks or other high places. 


= Theroot of Damafoninm(according to Diofiorides ) taken inthe weight of one or two drams, D 


helpeth ftich as haue deuoured the Lepus marinus Ov fea Haresor haue been bitten by a Toad, or ta- 
ken too great a quantitie of opium. 


It is al{o profitably drunke, either by it felfe, or with the like quantitie of Dawes feeds, againit E 


Bripings in the belly,and the bloudy flux. 
Alfo it is good againft convulfions and the aife@s of the wombe. 


The herbe ftayes the fluxes of the belly, moues the courfes, and applied informe ofa pultis af G 


fivageth edematous tumors, + 


Cusp. 276, Of Mountaine Sanicle. 


@] The Kindes. ‘ : 

Here be fundry forts ofherbes contained vnder the nate of Sanicle, and yet not one of thena 

agreeing with our common Sanicle, called Diapenfia, im any one refpect, except in the ver- 

tues, whecreofno doubt they tooke that name ; which number doth dayly increafé, by reafon that 

the later writers haue put downe more new plants, not written of before by the Antients, which 
thall be diftinguifhed in this chapter by feuerall titles. 


q TheD cfcription, 


X Potted Sanicle of the mountaine hath {mall fati& round Jeaues,bluntly indented about 
the edges, and fafhioned like vnto the leaues of S axifragia aurea, or rather Cyclamen folio 
hedere, of adarke greene colour, and fomewhat hairy vnderneath : among{t which rife 

B's. Vu 2 vp’ 


1 Sanicula guttata, 
Spotted Sanicle. 


Beares eare Sanicle. 


Of the Hik 


orie of Plants. 


5 Sanicula Alpina Clafij, fine Cortu[aM. atthioli. 


Li 3.2, 
2 Pingnicula fine S anicula E gyeter 
Butterwort, or Yorkfhire Sanicle, 


Cpe) 3 gi ee 


vp fundry ftalkes, befet with like feaues, but 
fmaller, and ofa cubit high, diuiding them- 
felucs intomany fmall armes or branches,bea- 
ring diuers little white floures, fpotted moft 
curioutly with bloudy fpecks or prickes, info- 
much that if you marke the admirable worke- 
manfhip of the fame wrought in fich glorious 
Manner, it muft needs put euery creature in 
minde of his Creator : the floures are in {mell 
like the May floures or Hawthorne: the feed 
is {mall and blacke, contained in fmall poin- 
tals likevnto white Saxifrage:the rodt is fealy 
and full of ftrings. 

2 Thefecond kind of Sanicle,which c/x- 
fius calleth Pineuicula, not before his time re- 
membred, hath {mall thicke leaues,fat and ful 
of iuyce, being broad towards the root, ‘and 
fharpe towards the point, ofa faint greene co- 
four, and bitter in tafte: out of the middeft 
wherof f{proureth or fhooteth vp a naked flen- 
der ftalke , nine inches long, euery ftalke bea- 
ring one floure and no more,fometimes white, 
and commonly ofa blewith purple colour, fa- 
thioned like ynto the common Confalida rega- 
4s, haning the like {pur or Larks heele anexed 
thereto. 

3 The third-kinde of mountaine Sanicle 
fome 


D 


.- Lis) 2. “Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


fome Herbarifts hatie called Sanicula alpina flore rubro : the leaues fhoot forth in the } 


29 


" : : > -oinnine of 
the Spring, very thieké and fat, and are like a purfe or round lumpe at their firft com ounee 
the ground ; and when it is {pred abroad, the vpper part thereof is fullofyeines or {inewes,and ho- 


uenwp or curled like Ramuaculus Lufitaaicus,or like the crumpling ofa cabbage leate sandiare nor 
onely indented about the edges, but each leafe is diuided into fix or more lagecs or cuts, ncn | 
hacked, greenith aboue,and of an ouerworne greene colour vnderneath,kor in taike , from the # 2 
dle whereof thooteth fortha bar or naked ftalke, {ix inches long, fomewhat purple in colour, bea. 
ring at the top a cuft of {mall hollow floures, looking or hanging downewards like little belis not 
vnlike a1 forme to the common Cowllips, but of a fine decpe red colour tending to purplehauing 
in the middle a certaine ring orcircle of white, and alfo certaine pointals or firings , which turne 
into an head wherein is contained feed. The whole plant is couered as it werewith a rough wool. 
lineffe :the root is fibrous and threddy. : 
. q The Place. 
Thefe plants are rangers in England ; their natural! countrey is the Alpith mountains of Hel- 
“uetia : they grow in my garden, where they flourith exceedingly, except Butterwort,which grow- 
eth in our Englith fqually wet grounds, and wil! not yeeld toany culturing or tfanfplantine sit 
groweth cfpecially ina field called Crag-Clofe, and at Crosby, Rauen{waith, in Weftmerland 
vpoiIngleborow fels twelue miles from Lancafter,and in Harwood in the fame countie neere to 
Blackburne, ten miles from Prefton in Aunderneffe vpon the bogs and marifh grounds, and jn the 
boggie medowes about Bifhops Hatfield ; and alfo inthe fens inthe way to Wittlesmeare fom 
London, in Huntingdonfhire. + It groweth alfo in Hampfhire,and aboundantly inmany places 
of Wales. «+ 
a The Times 
They floureand fourifh from May tothe end of Iuly. 
@ The Names. 
_ The firft is called Sanicula guttata,taken from the {pots wherewith the floutés are matked : of Za 
bel,Geum Alpinum, making it a kind of Auens : in Englith, {potted Sanicle : ofout London dames 
Pratling Parnell, : 
Thefecond is called Ping wicila, of the fatneffe or fulneffe of the leafe, or of fatning: in Yorke- 
fhire,where it doth efpecially grow; and in greateft aboundance, it is called Butterworts, Butter- 
root, and white root ; but the laft name belongeth more properly to Solomons Seale. 
a] The Temperature and Vertues. 
They are hot and dry in the third degree. ’ ' : 
The husbandmenswiues of Yorkfhite do vfe to anoint the dugs oftheir kine withthe fat and 4 
oilous ivyce of the herbe Butterwort,when they are bitten with any venomous worme,or chapped, 
tifted and hurt by any other meanes, 
They fay it rots their fheepe, wlien for want of othier food they eat thereof. B 


° 


Cuar.277. Of Fox-Glones. 
Q The Defiription. 


1 f_'0x-gloue with the purple flouireis moft common , the leaues whereof are long, nicked in 

- theedges, of a light greene,in manner like thofe of Muillein, but leffér, and nor fo downie; 

the ftalke is ftraight, from the middle whereof to the top ftand the floures , fet ina courfe 

one by another vpon one fide of the ftalke,hanging downwards with the bottome vpward,in forme 

long;like almoft to finger ftalks, whereof it tooke his name Digitalis, ofa red purple éolour, with 

certaine white {pots dafht within the floure ; after which come vp round heads, in which lies the 
feed, fomewhat browne, and as finallas that of Time. The roots are many fleiider firings. 

2 The Fox-glouewithwhite floures differs not from the precedent but in the colour of the 
floures ; for as the others were purple, thefe contrariwifeare of amilke-white colour. 

3 Wehaueinour gardens another fort hereof, which bringeth forth moft pleafant yellow 
floures,and fomewhat leffe than the common kinde,whefein they differ. £ This alforditfers from 
the commonkind in that the leaues are much fmoother,nartower,and greener,hauing the nerues 01 
wines rnning alongit it,neitherare the nerues fhipt, nor finuated ontheir edges, + 

4 Wehaue alfo another fort, which we call Digitalis ferruginea;whofe floutes ate of t! 
lour ofrufty iron ; whereof it tooke his name, and likewife maketh the difference. Qs 
fort there is a bigger anda leffer ; the bigger hath the lower leaues fome foot long, of a dai 
colouf, with veines running along them; the ftalks are fome yard-and halfe high: the i 

‘ Vuu 3 


1 Digitalis purpurea. 


_. Purple Fox-gloues. 


$ 3 Digitalis lutea: 


Yellow Fox-gloues, 
1 OO Mee 


y 


We 


SU 


4 


SH 


WU: 


ro 
AS 4 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lise2, 


2 Digitales alba, 
White Fox-gloues. 


ZY ig 
£4 Dicitalis ferrngines, 
Dusky Fox-gloues, 


SES 
~Z NS) 


ey) Nive « YS 


> 


Wy 


Z 
Wd 
\ 


0 
x. 
CAEN 


hy) 
WS 


= So 


Lis. 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 561 


and ending ina fharpe turned vp end.as you fee in the figure, and they are ofaruftie colour,mixed 
ofa yellow and red. 

5 Thele ffer duskie Fox-gloue hath much Ieffe leaues and thofe nartow, {mooth, and excee: 
ding greene: among ft which comes vpa ftalke fome foot high, hauing {mall floures of the color 
of the laft defcribed. This IL obferued the laft yeare x 632, in Houre with M*.Joha Tradefcant in the 
middle of Iuly. It may fitly be called Digitalis ferruginea minor ,Smmall duskie Fox-gloues. + 

Gq The Place. : 

Fox-gloue groweth in barren fandie grounds, and vnder hedges almoft euery where. 

Thofe with white floures do grow naturally in Landefdale,and Crauen,ina field called Cragee 
clole,in the North of England: likewife by Colchefter in Effex; neere Excefter in the Weft parts, 
and in fome few other places. The other two are ftrangers in England, ncuerthelefle they do grow 
withthe others inmy garden. 


| The Time, 

They floure and flourifh in Tune and Iuly. 

j G The Names. 

Fox-gloues fome call in Greeke 3;an«,and make itto be Verbafci fpeciemora kinde of Mullein : 
in Latine, Digitalis : in High Dutch, fingerbut,and Fingher krautsin Low Dutch, tf inger hoct: 
in French, Gantes noffre dame : in Englith,Fox-gloucs. t Fabius Colummnathinks it tobe that Ephe- 
mernre of Diofcorides decribed in his fourth booke,and cap.75. 

The Temperature, 

The Fox-gloues in that they are bitter,are hot and driewwith acertaine kinde of clenfing quali- 
tie ioined therewith,yet are they of novfe,neither haue they any place amongft Medicinés,accors 
ding tothe Antients. 


| The Vertues. 


Fox-gloue boiled in water or wine,and drunken,doth cut ahd confiime the thicke toughnefleof A 
groffe and flimie flegme and naughtic humours; it openeth alfothe ftopping of the liuer, fpleene, 
and milt,and of other inward parts. 

The fame taken in like manner,or boiled with honied water ot fugar, doth feoure and clenfethe B 
breft,ripeneth and bringeth forth tough andclammie flegmé. C 

They ferue for the fame purpofes whereunto Gentian doth tend , and hath beene vfed in ftead C 
thereofias Galen faith. 

$ Where or by what name Galen either mentions,or affirmes this which our Authour cites D 
him for, Imuft confefle lam ignorant. But I probably coniecture that our Authour would haue 
faid Fuch(ivs : for I onely finde him to haue thefe words fet downe by our Authour, it the end of 
his Chapter of Dizitalis .+ : 


Cuar.278, Of Baccharés out of Diolcorides, 


| The Defeription. 


I “Bout this plant Baccharis there hath beene Steat contention among ft the old apd new 
Pginn 3 Matthiolusand Dodoneus have miftakén this plant, for Covizamaior,or Coni- 
Xa Helenitis Cordi » Virgil and CAthenaus have confounded Bdecharis 3 and CAL arm 
together : but following the antient writers, it hath many blackith rough leaues,{omewhat bigger 
than the leaues of Primrofe: among ft which rifeth vp a ftalke two cubits high, bearing at the top 
little chaffie or {calie floures in {mall bunches, ofa darke yellow ith or purple colour, which turne 
into downe,and are carried away with the winde, likevnrothe kindes of thiftles : the root is thick, 
groffeand fat,{preading about in the earth, full of ftrings : the fragrant{mell thatthe root of this 
— yeeldeth,may well be compared vnto the fauour of Cinnamon; Helenium,or Enula Campana, 
eccing a plant knowne vnto very many or moft forts of people, I meane in moft parts of Eng- 
ind, 


@ The Place. 


Baccharis delighteth t6 stow in rough and craggy places,and ina leane foile where no moiltute 
f , is: 


Of the Aigoetel Plants. Lis.2. 


cere is: it groweth very plentifully about Mont- 
Baccharis Monfpeltenfinm. " pellicr in France , and diuers places in the 
Plowmans Spikenard. Weft parts of England, 
(oryre - eh. q The Time, 


It {pringeth vp in April, it floureth in Iune, 
and perfeéteth his feed in Auguft. 
@ The Names, 

The learned Herbarifts of Montpellicr 
haue called this plant Baccharés : the Greci- 
ans, @sxace or after others, wet by reafon of 
that fweet andaromaticall fauour which his 
root containeth and yeeldeth : in Englith it 
may be called the Cinamom root, or Plow- 
mans Spiknard: Vérgillin his f{uenth Ecloge 
ofhis Bucolicks maketh mention of Baccha. 
ris,and doth not onely fhew thatit is a Gar- 
land plant, but alfo fucha oneas preuaileth 
again{t inchantments; faying, 


Bacchare frontem 
Cingite,me vati neceat malalingua futuro, 


With Plowmans Nard my forchead girt, 
Left euill tongue thy Poet hurr. 


Bacgharis is likewife an ointment in Arhe- 
news, inhis ¥5 booke, which may take his 
name of the fieet herbe Baccharis: for as Pliny 
writeth, 4rzi/ophanes of old,being anantient 


yng comical Poet witneffeth,that ointments were 
¢ S =< wont to bee made of the root thereof: to bee 
N 


D> briefe, Cratenas his Afarum is the fame that 
id Diofcorides his Baccharisis. $ ‘This planthere defcribed is the Coniza maior of Matthiolus, Traguss 
| i and others. ¢ 

g The T emperature, 


Baccharis ot Plowmans Spiknard is of temperature very aftringent or binding. 
q The Vertues. 

A Baccharisor the decogtion of the root, as Paulus gineta briefely fetteth downc, doth open the 
Pipes and paffages that are ftopped, prouoketh vrine,and bringeth downe the defired ficknefle:the 
leaues thereof for that they are aftringent or binding,ftop the courfe of fluxes and rheumes. _ 

B  Baccharis is a fingular remedie to heale inflammations and Saint Anthonies fire,called Tenis fa- 
cer and the {mell thereof prouoketh flee pe. : ' 

The decoaton of the roots of Baccharés helpeth ruptures and convulfions,thofe alfo that haue 
falne from an high place,and thofe that are troubled with the fhortneffe of breath. 

It helpeth alfo the old cough, and difficultie to make water. : 

Whenit iG inwine it is giuenwith great profitagainft the bitings of Scorpions, or any 
venomous beaft,being, implaiftered and applied thereto. : 1 

A Bath made thereof and put into a clofe ftoole, and receined hot, mightily voideth the birth, 
and furthereth thofe that haue extreame labour in their childing, caufing them to haue eafic deli- 
uerance, 


ae ee he 


7 Cuar. 279: Of Elecampane. 


G The) Defcription, 


Ekeenrane bringeth forth prefently from the root great white leaues,fharpe pointed, almolt 
like thofe of great Comfrey, but foft,and couered with a hairie downe, of a whitith greene co- 
3 } flour, 


Lis. 2. OF the Hiftory of Plaats) ‘eae 


Jour, and are more white vnderneath , fleightly 
Helenium. nicked in the edges : the ftalke is a yard and a 
ampane, -halfe long , about a finger thicke, no; 
Hebam+rrorw, downe, diuided.at the top into diuers. branches. 
vpon the top of euery fprig ftand crear floures 
broad and round,of which not only the long final 
leaues that compaffe round about are yellow,but 
alfo the middle ball or citcle, which is Allied vp 
with an infinit number of threds,and at length is 
turned into: fine downe; vnder whichis flender 
and long feed: the root is vneuen, thicke, andas 
muchas a man may gripe, not long, oftentimes 
blackith without, whitewithin, and full of fub- 
ftance,fivect of finell, and bitter of tafte. 
; © The Place. 

It groweth in medowes that ate fat and fit: 
full: it isalfo oftentimes found vpoh mountains, 
fhadowie places,that be not altogether drie : it 
groweth plentifully in the fields on the lefthand 
as you go from Dunttable to Puddle hill :alfo in 
an orchard as you go from. Colbrook to Ditton 
ferry,which is the way to Windfor,and in fundry 
other places,as at Lidde,and Folkeftone,neere to 
Douer by the fea fide, 

q TheTime. 

The floures are in their brauerie in Iune & Tu. 
ly : the roots be gathered in Autumne, and often- 
times in Aprill and May. 

| The Names, 
That which the Grecians name iv, the La- 
tines call I#ula and Enula + in thops Evula cam: 
pana: in high Dutch, Alantwourtssin low Dutch, 
Alandt Wogtele s in Italian,Evoa,and Evola viwS panith, RarX del alla: in French, Eula Campane : it 
Englith, Elecampane,and Scab-woort, and. Horfe-heale : fome report that this plant tooke the 


name Helenium of Helena wife to Menelaus , whohad her hands full of it when Pars ftole her away 
into Phrygia. 


© Without 


| The Temperature. 
The root of this Elecampane,is maruellous good for many things,being of nature hot and drie 
in the third degree, efpecially when it is dtie: for beeing greene and as yet full of iuice, it is 
full of fuperfluous moifture, which fomewhat abateth the hot and drie qualitie thereof, 


The Vertues, 

Tt is good for fhoreneffe of breath,and an old cough,and for fuch as cannot breathe vnleffe they A 
hold their necks ypright. 

Itis of great vertue both-giuen ina looch,which is a medicine tobe licked on,and likewifepre- B 
ferued, as alfo otherwife giuich.to purge andvoid out thicke,tough,and clammic@humours, which 
fticke in thecheft and lungs, @ 

The root preferued is good and wholefome for the ftomack ‘being taken after fupper it doth not C 
onely helpe digeftion,but ali keepeth the belly foluble. 

The iuice of the fame boiled, driueth forth all kinde of wormes ofthe belly, as Pliny teacheth: 
who alfowriteth in his twentie booke,and fift chapter, the fame being chewed fafting, doth faften 
the teeth, 

The root of Elecampane is with good fuccefle mixed with countetpoifons: itisa remtiedie a- D) 
gainft the bitings of ferpents,it refi tteth poifon : it is good for them that are buriten,and troubled 
With cramps and convulfions, ; 

Somealfo affirme,that the deco@ion thereof,and likewife the fame beaten into powder and £ 
xed with honie in manner ofan ointment, doth clenfe and heale vp old vlcers. 

Galen faith,that herewith the parts are to bemade red,which be vexed with long & cold griefs: F 
a3 are diuers paffions of the huckle bones,called the Sciatica,and littleand continual bunnies and 
loofeneffe of certaine ioints,by reafonofouermuch moifture, 


mi 


The 


794. OF the Hiftory of Plants, Gy Lind 


The deco&tion of Evu/a drunken, prouoketh vrine,and is good for them 
ward burftings,or haue any member out of ioint. 
1 Theroot taken with honie or fugar, madeinan ele&tuaric, clenfeth the breft,ripeneth tough 
flegme,and maketh it eafie to be {pet forth, and preuaileth mightily againft the cough and+fhort- 
nefle of breath comforteth the ftomacke alfo,and helpeth digeftion. 
K  _Therootscondited after the manner of Zringos ferueth for the purpofes aforefaid. 
L The root of Evu/a boiled very foft,and mixed in a morter with freth butter and the pouder of 
* Ginger,maketh an excellent ointment againft the itch,{cabs,mangineffe,and fuch like. 
M The roots are to be gathered in the end of September,and kept for fundrie vfes,but it is efpeci- 
ally preferued by thofethat make Succade and fuch like. 
y 


thatare grieved with ins 


7 Cuar. 280, Of Sauce alone,or Facke by the hedge, 


Aliaria. Re 
sauce alone. ; : The Defcription. 
rae AAnrr1— Q0L OEE : hhed 
Wo. Auce alone hath affinitie with Garlicke in 
S name,not becaufe itis like it in forme, but in 
fmell : for ifit be bruifed or ftamped it {mel- 
leth altogether like Garlicke: the leaues hereof 
are broad, ofa light green colour,nicked round a- 
bout,and fharpe pointed : the ftalke is flender, a- 
bout a cubithigh, about the branches whereof 
grow little white floures; after which come v 
flender {mal and long cods,& in thefe black feed: 
the root is long, flender,and fomething hard. 
q The Place. 
Tt groweth of it felfe by garden hedges, by old 
wals,by highwaies fides,or oftentimes in the bor- 
ders of fields, 4 


G The Time. 

It floureth chiefely in Iune and Tuly, the feed 
waxeth ripe in the meane feafon. The leaues are v- 
fed for a fauce in March or Aprill. 

a The Names, 

The later writers call it aUGaria, and Alaris: 
of fome,Rima Maria: it isnot Scordium, oy water 
Germander, which the apothecaries in‘times paft 
miftooke for this herbe : neitheris it Scordy [peci- 
«sora kinde of water Germander, whereof wee 

-haue written : it is named of fome,Pes Afininus: it 
is called in High Dutchknoblanch kraut Hews 
chel,and Salskraut ¢ and in Low Dutch, Loock 

. <— fonder Loock: you may name it in Latine; Aljivm 

won bulbgfum: in French, C4Uiayre :in Englith,Sauce alone,and Iacke of the hedge. 
, G] The Temperature. 

lacke of the hedge is hot and drie,but much Jeffe than Garlicke,thatis to fay, in theend of the 

fecond degree,or in the beginning of the third, 
The Vertues. 

B | Weknow not what vfe it hath in medicine : diuers eat the fam 

fora fauce.as they do thofe of Ramfons. 

B _ Somealfoboile the leaues in clifters which are vfed againgt t 


in which not only winde is notably wafted,but the pain alfo oft 
eafed, : ; 


nf 


ped Jeaues hereofwith Salt-fith; 


he paine of the collicke and ftone, 
he ftone mitigated and very much 


Crary 


Lis: 2. | Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


797 


Cuar.28:. Of Dittany: 
| The Defcription . 


3 Ittanie of Crete now called Candie (as Diofcorides faith) isa hot and fharpe heatbe: 
much like ynto Penni-roial], fauing that his leaues be greater and fomewhat hoary; 
couered ouer with a foft downeor white woollie cotton: at the top of the branches 

grow fmall {pikie eares or fcaly aglets,hanging by little fmall ftemmes,tefembling the {piky tufts 
of Marierome,of a white colour: amongftwhich feales there doe come forth finall floures like 
the flouring of wheat,of ared purple colour;which being paft,the knop is found full of {mall feed, a 
contrarieto the faying of Dyofcorides, who faith,itneither beareth floure nor feed, butmy felfe HB 4 


haue feene it beare both in my Garden ; the wholé plant perifhed in the next VVinter fol. 
lowing. 


X Dictamnum Creticum, 


2 Pfendodifamnum, 
Ditranie of Candie. 


| 
! 
Baftard Dittanie. f 
{ 
! 


H 
Rp a) j : 
CME ie as 


ane 


2 The fecond kind called Pfindodidtamaum,chat is,Baftard Dittatie,is much like vnto the firlt 
fauing that it is not fivect of fmell neither d 


oth it bire the tongue,haning round foft woolly ftalks 

with knots and joints, and at euery knot two leaues fomewhat round, foft, woolly, and fomewhat 

itter: the floures be of a light purple color,compaffing the ftalks by certain {paces like garlands i 

or wharles,and like the floures of Peni-roiall. The root 1s ofa wooddie fubftance : the whole plant if 
stoweth to the height of a cubite and an halfe,and lafteth long. 


: : @ The Place. 

The firft Dittanie commeth from Crete, an Iland which we call Candiewhere it growe 
rally: I haue fowneit in my garden,where it hath floured and borne feed; but it perifhed by 
of the iniurie of our extraotdinarie cold Winter that then happened ; nenerthele (te ji 


4h ah Bal 


eee TTT Tee 
796 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis, 2» 
 —§--_-eonwOU/U/_ C—O OO ss 
writethagainft all truth, thatit neither beareth floures nor feed: after 7 heophraftus,yirgil witnet. 
feth chat it doth beare floures in the twelfth ofhis Aineidos. 


Dict amnum genitrix Cretea carpit ab Ida, 
Puberibus caulem folys,co flore comantem 
Purpurco,——— 


SER AEE en 


In Englifh thus : 


His mother from the Cretan Ida crops 
Diétamaus hauing foft and tender leaues, 
And purple floures vpon the bending tops, &c. 


G The Time. 
They floure and flourith in the Sommer moneths, their feed is ripe in September. 
q The Names. 

Tris called in Greeke demure: in Latine, Didtamnus and Dictamnum : of fome,Pulegium filueftre,or 
wilde Pennie-roiall :the Apothecaries of Germanie for Dié#amnum with c,in the firft fyllable,doe 
read Diptamaumwith p : but (faith Dodonews) this errour might haue beene of {mall importance, if 
in ftead of the leaties of Dittanie,they did not vfe the rootes of Fraxinella for Dittany,which they 
falfely call Didfamnum : in Englith,Dittanie,and Dittanie of Candie, 

The other is called P/eudodicéamnum,ox baftard Dittanie,of the likeneffe it hath with Dittanie; 
it skilleth not, though the fhoppes know it nor : thereafon why let the Reader gueffe. 

] The Temperature 

Thefe plants are hot and drie of nature. 


q The Vertues. 


Dittaniebeeing taken indrinke, or putvp ina peffarie, or vfed in a fume, bringeth away 
° Bie iat heme age tie dead children ; it procureththemonethly termes, and driueth foorth the fecondine or the after- 
+ Lea birth. ; 
| Bp _Theiuicetakenwithwine isaremedie againft the ftinging of ferpents. 
The fame is thought tobe of fo ftrong an operation, that with the very fmell alfo icdriueth a- 
i. way venomous beafts,and doth aftonith them. 7: ee 
| Aa D___ [tisreportedlikewife that thewilde Goats and Deere in Candiewhen they bewounded with 
} arrowes,do fhake them out by eating of this plant, and heale theirwounds. 
— It preuaileth much againft all wounds,and efpecially thofe madewith invenomed weapons, ar- 
rowes fhotout of guns,or fuch like,and is very profitable for Chirurgians that vfe the fea and land 
4 wars,to carry with them and haue in readineffe : itdraweth forthalfo fplinters of wood, bones, or 
‘ | fuchike. 
j ; FE Thebaftard Dittanie,or Pfeudodictamuum, is fomewhat like in vertues to the firft, but not of fo 
great force,yet it ferueth exceeding well for the purpofes aforefaid. 


aoe 


es a — - —— Sener ——— 


Cuar. 282 Of Borage. 


| q The Defiription. 

\ I Orage hath broad leaues,rough,lying flatvpon the ground,ofa blacke or fwart green co- 
TaN), lour:among which rifeth vpaftalke two cubits high, diuided into diners branches, 
eS _ whereupon do grow gallant blew floures,compofed of fiue leaues apiece;out of the mid- 
te i dle of which grow forth blacke threds ioined in the top,and pointed like a broch or pyramide:the 
ae fa 


root is threddie,and cannot away with the cold of winter. 

2 Borage with white floures is like vnto the precedent,but differeth in the floures, for thofe of 
qi this plant are white,and the others ofa perfeé& blew colour,wherein is the difference. 
t 3 Neuer dying Borage hath manie verie broad leaues,rough and hairie, ofa blacke darke 
greene colour: among which rife vp ftiffe hairie ftalkes, whereupon doe grow faire blew floures, 
fomewhat rounder pointed than the former: the root is blacke and lafting, hauing leaues both 
winter and Sommer,and hereuponit was called Semper virens,and that very properly,todiftinguifh 
it from the reft of this kinde,which are but annuall. $ 


eee fo ee 


Ee Le” +S ee 


4 There 


Lis.2. 


1 Borage hortenfis. 

Garden Borage. -,. 

\ 0rce.Qo of Fictrroles ee 
} Dy 


Borago femper virens, 


wes 


3 
Ind Neuer dying Borage, bemrper- 


Z Een  & 
at if au 
By 


It is called in high Dutch 9§ 


OF the Hiftory of Plants: 407 


2 Borago flore alto, 
White floured Borage, 


4 There is a fourth fort of Borage that hath leaues 
like the precedent, but thinner and leffer,rough and 
hairy, diniding it felfe into branches at the bottom of 
the plant, whereupon are placed faire red floures, 
wherein is the chiefeft difference between this and the 
laft defcribed. + The figure which belonged to this 
defcription was put hereafter for Lycopfis Anglica. + 

q The Place. ; 

Thefe grow in my garden, and in others alfo. 

ay The Time. 

Borage floures and flourifhes moft part of all Som. 
iner,and till Autumne be far {pent. 

q The Names, 

Borage is called in fhops Borago : of the old Wri- 
ters, ¢evyrse , which is called in Latine Lingua Bubula - 
Pliny calleth it Euphrofinum, becaufe it maketh a man 

@erry and ioyfull :which thing alfo the old verfe con- 
cerning Borage dothteftifie : 


Ego Borago gaudiafemper ago. 
T Borage bring alwaies courage. 


Uvtetich sin Italian, Boragine : in Spanith, Boraces : in low Dutch; 
Bevuagte sin Englith, Borage. 
@] The Temperature. 


It is euidently moift,and not in like fort hot, but feemes tobe ina meane betwixt hot and céld. 


@ The Vertues. 
Thofeofour time do vfe the floures in fallads, to exhilerate and make the mind glad.Therebe A 


alfo many things made of them, vfed euery where for the comfort of the heart, for the driving 


away of forrow, and encreafing the ioy ofthe minde. 


XXX The 


e 


2 ee 


798 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, ‘bait 


The leaues boyled among other pot-herbes do much preuaile in making the belly foluble the 
i ; rary oO" k : ) 
being boyled in honied wager be alfo good againft the roughneffe of the throat, and hoarfenefte as 
Galen teacheth, 1) 2 
The leaues and floures of Borage putinto Wine make men and women glad and merry, and 
driueaway all fadneffe, dulnefie, and melancholy, as Diofiorides and Pliny affirme. 
Systup made of the floures of Borage comforteth the heart, purgeth melancholy, and quieteth 
the phrenticke or lunaticke perfon. 
The floures of Borage made vp with fugar do all the aforefaid with greater force and effec, 
Syitup made of the 1uyce of Borage with fugar, adding thereto pouder of the bone of a Stacs 
heart, is good again{t fwouning, the cardiacke paffion of the heart,againft melancholy and the fal- 
ling fickneffe. ‘ 
; The roat is not vfed in mediethe : the leaues eaten raw ingender good bloud,efpecially in thofe 
that haue been lately ficke, 


mimo 10 


>) 


Cuap, 283. Of Bugloffe. 
@ The Kindes. 

| Ike as thete be diuers forts of Borage, fo are there fundry of the Bugloffes ; notwithftanding: 

after Diofcorides, Borage is the true Bugloffe : many are of opinion,and that tightly,that they 


» may beboth referred to one kinde ; yet will we diuide them according to the cuftome of our 
time, and their vfuall denominations. e 


“a Bugloffa vulgaris. 2 Bugloffum lutenm, 
Common Bugloffe,or Garden p35 _ Lang debe 


Via, efe. 
Vt Annchi2a ota at fein a Bu ac Plcrir-eclapetes 


i | 
‘ { 
i { 
t 
ea 
| | 
/ ft u 
a 
\ 
i 
fj {I} 
| 
ae 
ae 
ae 
an 
en q| The Defcription. 
| nt rt Hatwhich the Apothecaries call Bugloffe bringeth forth leaues longer than thofe of 
SCN AED Borage, fharpe pointed, longer than the Jeaues of Beets, rough and hairy, The ftalke 
Mosk es groweth vp to the height of two cubits, parted aboue into fundry branches, whereon 
NT il ala are orderly placed blewifh floures,tending toa purple colour before they be opened,and afterward 


more blew, The root is long, thicke,and groffe,and of long continuance. 
2 Lang 
¥ > 


Isse52. ~~ Of the Hiftorie of Plants: 709 
‘i a Langde Beefeisakinde bereofaltogethet lek. 

£3 Bugloffafjlueftris minor. fer,but the leaues hereof are rougher, likethe rough 

Small wilde Bugloffe. tongue of an oxe or cow, whereof it tooke his hame: 


+ Theleaues of Lang-de-Beef? are very rough , the 
ftalke fome cubit and halfehigh, commonly red of 
colour : the tops of the branches carty flouires in fea. 
ly rough heads : thefe floures are compofed of many 
{mall yellow leaues in manner of thofe of Dandeli- 
on,and flie away in down like as they do:tHe fioures 
ate of averie bitter taftewhence Lobel calls it Bitglo- 
[fin echioides lutetim Bieracio cognalim.T abernamonti- 
aus hath fitly called itWieracium echioides. 

There is another wilde Bugloffe which po- 
dovaus hath by the name of Bugloffa (iliefiris: ic 
hatha fmall white root, from whiclvarifes a flendér 
ftalke fome foot and halfe high fet with final rough 
leaues finuated or cut in on the edges : the ftalkes at 
the top are diuided into three or foure fmall bran. 
ches, bearing fimiall blew floures in rough huskes, + 

q| The Place. 

Thefe do grow in gardens cuery where. + The 
Lang-de-Beefe growes wilde in many places ; as be- 
tweene Redriffe and Deptford by the waterie ditch 
fides. The little wilde Bugloffe growes vpon the 
drie ditch bankes about Pickadilla; and almoft eue- 
tywhere.¢ ‘ 

3 TheTime. 

They floure from May,or Iune, euen to the end 
of Sommer. The leaues perith in Winter,and new 
come vp in the Spring; 


dy cofa 818 | onvenmses - 
the 


Z 
se Y 


i 
Hal 
| 

é 


—— 


t G The Names, 
Garden Bugloffe is called of the later Herbarifts Buglo/fi,arid Buglofa Domeftica: or garden Bu- 
loffe. 
E Lang-de Becfeis called in Latine Lingnabouis, and Bugloffum Luteum Hieracia cognatum, and alfo 
Buglolf2fy!/ueftrissor wilde Bugloffe. . , 
#1 Small wilde Bugloffeiscalled Borazo/ylue/tris by Tragus ; Echium Germanicum Spinofumby 
Fuchfins ; and Byglofes /ybueftris by Dedone us. $ 


©] The Temperature and Vertues. 


The root, faith D ioftoridesymixed with. oile, cureth greenewounds,and adding thereto a little A 
harley meale, it is aremedie againft Saint Anthonies fire. 

It caufeth fweat in agues,as Plinie faith, if the iuice be mixed with alittle Aquavita, and the bo- B 
dy rubbed therewith. 

The Phyfitions of the later time vfe the leaues,floutes, and roots in ftead of Borage, and put C 
them both intoall kindes ofmedicines indifferently which are of force and vertué to drive away 
forrow and penfiueneffe of the minde,and to comfort and ftrengthen theheart, The leaues are of 
dike operationwith thofe.of Borage,and are v(ed as potherbes for the purpofes aforefaid,as wel Bu- 


glofle as Lang-dle-Beefe,and alfo to keepe the belly foluble. 


Cuars284. Of eAlkanet or wilde Bugloffe. 


q The Defiription. 


— herbes comprehended vnder the name of LAnchufa, were fo called of the Greeke word 
Aude (1) Ilinere fucco, vel pigmentis, that is, to colour or paintany thing : whereupon thefe 
XXX 2 os ote plants 


OF the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisz2) 


t 1 cAnchufa Alcibiadion, t 2 Anchufa lutea. 
Red Alkanet. Yellow Alkanet. 


i $3 Anchufaminor. plants wete called 4achufaof that flourifhing and 
j Tata } Small Alkanet. bright red colour which is in the root, euen asred as 

t pure and cleere bloud: for that is the onely marke or 
note whereby to diftinguifh thefe herbes from thofe 
which be called Echum,Lycopfis,and Bugloff2, whereta 
they haue a great refemblance: I haue therefore. ex- 
prefled foure differences of this plant Auchufa or Al- 
kanet from the other kindes,by the leaues, floures,and 
bignefle, 

1 The firftkindeof Alkanet hath many leaues 
like Echium, or {mall Bugloffe, couered ouer with a 
prickie hoarineffe,hauing commonly but one ftalke, 
which is round,rough,and a cubite high. The cups of 
the floures are ofa skie colour tending to purple, not 
vnlike the floures of Echium;the feed is fmall, fome- 
what long,and ofa palecolour : the root is a finger 
thicke, the pith orinner part thereof is of a wooddie 
fubftance , dying the hands or whatfoeuer toucheth 
the fame,ofa bloudie colour,or of the colour of faun- 
ders, 

2 The fecond kinde of CAnchufa or Alkanet is 
of greater beautie and eftimation than the firft ; 
the branchesare leffe and more bufhie in ‘the toppe: 
it hath alfo greater plentie of leaues, and thofe more 
woollic or hairie : the ftalke groweth to the height of 
two cubites: at the top grow floures of a yellow co- 
lour,far different from the other:the root is more fhi-” 
ning, of an excellent delicate putplifh colour, affid 
more full of iuice than the firft. 


a 


XY 


3 There 


bale. Of the Hiftory of Plants. . 


There is a {mall kinde of Alkanet,whofe root is gteater and more ful of iuice and fub Mance 
than the roots of the other kindes : in all other refpedts it is leffe,for the leaves ate narrower, {mal- 
Jer,tenderer,and in number more,very greene like vnto Borage, yeelding forth many little tendet 
ftalks : the floures are Jeffe than of the {mall Buglofle,and red of colour: the feed is of anathe co- 
lour,fomewhat long and flender,hauing the tafte of Bugloffe. 

4 There isalfo another kinde of Alkanet,whi: his as the others before mentioned,a kinde of 
wilde Bugloffe,notw ithftanding for diftinGions fake I hauc feparated and feuered them. ‘This lat 
Aachu{a hath narrow leauessmuch like ynto our common Sommer Sauotie. The ftalkes are two 
handfuls high,bearing very {mal floures,and ofa blewith of skie colour: the root is of a dark brow- 
nih red colour,dying the hands little or nothing at all,and ofa wooddie fubftanee. : 

q| The Time. 

Thee plants do grow in the fields of Narbone,and about Montpellier and many other parts .of 
France : I found thefe plants growing inthe Ifle of Thanet neere vnto the fea,betwixt the houfe 
fometime belonging to Sir Henrie Crifpeand Margate ; where I found fome in theirnaturall ripe- 
nefle,yet carcely any that werecome to that beautifull colour of Alkanet : butfuch as is fold for 
very good in our Apothecaries {hops I found there in great plentie. 

+ Idoubewhether our Authour found any of thefe inthe place heere fet downe, for I haue 
fought it but failed of fiuding ; yet ifhe found any itwas onely the firft defcribed, for I think the 
otier three are ftrangers. q The Time. 

The Alkanets floure and flourithin the Sommer moneths: the roots doe yeeld their blondie 
iuice in haruekt time,as Déofcorides writeth. 


The Names. 
Alkanet is called in Greeke zi2ev2-in Latine alfo anchufa : of diners, Fucus herba, and Oxocleia 
m . : z rr. : : 7 1 > 2 = Ea, 
Bugloffa Hifpanica, or Spanith Bugloffe : in Spanith,Soagem « in French,Orchanet : and in Englif~h 


likewife Orchanet and Alkanet. 


The Temperature. 

The roots of Alkanet are cold and drie, as Galen writeth, an@binding,and becau(e it is bitter it 
clenfeth away cholericke humours : the leaues bee not {o forceable, yet doe they likewife binde 
anddrie. . | The Vertues. 

Diofcorides {aith,that the root being made vp in a cerote,or feayeclorh with oile, is very good for 
old vicers:that with parched barley meale it is good for the leprey,aid for tetters and ring-worms, 

Thar being vied as a peflarie it bringeth forth the dead birth. 

The decoction being inwardly taken with Mead or honied water, cureth the yellow iaundife, 
difeafes of the kidneies,the fpleenc and agues. 


A 
fh 


Iris ved in ointments for womens paintings: and the leaues drunke in wine is good againft the D 


laske. 

Diuers of the later Phy fitions do boile with the root of Alkanet and wine, feet butter,fuch as 
hath init no faltatallyneill {uch time as it becommeth ted,which they callred butter, and giue 
irnotonely to thofe that haue falne from fome high place,but alfo report it tobe good to driue 
forth the meafels and fall pox,ifit be drunke in the beginning with hot beere. 

The roots of thefe are vfed tocolor firrups,waters,gellies, & fuch like confections as Turnfolcis. 
tohnof Ardern hath {et down a compofition called Sazguis Venerswhich is moft fingular in deep 
pundtures or wounds madewith thrufts,as follows:take of oile oliuea pint,the root of Alkanet two 
ounces,earth worms purged,in number twenty,boile them together & keep it to thevie aforefaid, 
The Gentlewomen of France do paint their faces with thefe roots, as it is faid. 
different from tha® 


_ tT Theewo figures chat were formerly here were both of the ordinary Bugloff, whereof the firft might well enough ferue, burthe 2was much differe 
it fhould haue been. ' 


Cua'r. 2852 Of Walland Vipers Bugloffe. 


; q The Defcription. 

I Ycop(is Anclica,or wilde Bugloffe,{o called for that it doth not grow focommonly elfe- 
where,bath rough and hairie leaues , fomewhat lefferthan the en Bugloffe: the 
floures grow for the moft part vpon the fide of the flender ftalke,in fafhion hollow like 

alittle bell, whereof fome be blew,and others of a purple colour. 

2 There is another kinde of Echiumthat hath rough and hairy leaues likewifé,much like vnto 
the former;the ftalke is rough,charged full of little branches, which are ladenon every fide with 
diuers {mall narrow leaues,fharp pointed,and ofa brown colour:among which leaues grow floures, 
each floure being compofed of one leafe diuided into fiue parts at the top, leffe, and not fowide 
Openas that of Lycop(is;yct of a {ad blew or purple colour at the firft,but when they are open they 
thew to be of arvaziire colour, long and hollow, hauing certaine fmal blew threds inthe m iddlesthe 
feed is {mall and black, fa(hioned like the head of a fnake or viper:the root is long,and red witho 
XxX 3 : 3 Fhe 


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a aes _— _ aed eects SUnEEnEIEEEEEEEEEESEREEEEERE 


Sor Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li s.2. 
t 1 Lycopfis ee t 2 Echium vulgare, 
; Wall Bugloffle. : _ Vipers Bugloffe. 
Blaise ME hte pynenelot 
Te te i 


4 » 


: 
i 
| 
i 
| 


ti i . i f £ 3 Echium pullo flore. ¥ 4 Echium rubro flore. 
Rough Vipers Bugloffes Red floured Vipers Bugloffe} 


SL aoa aes teen es aie 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. . mn 


£3 Thus hathacrefted very roughand hairy ftalke fome foot high ; the leaues are likethofe 
of Vipers Bugloffe, and couered ouer with a foft downinefle, and grow diforderly vponthe ftal e, 
which towatdsthe top’is parttd into fundry branchesswhich are diuided into diners foor-ftalkes 
carrying: {mall hcllow floures diuided by fiue little gafhes at their tops , and they are of a darke 

urple colour, and contained in rough cups lying hid wnderthe Jeaues. The feed, as in other 
plants ofthis kinde, refembles a Vipers head: the root is long, as thicke as ones little finger, 
ofa dusky colour on the outfide, and it lines diuers yeares. This floures in May,and growes in the 
dry medowes and hilly grounds of Auftria. Clufius calls it Echinm pullo flore. 

4 This other being alfo of Clufizs his defeription hath long and narrow leaues like thofe of the 
common Vipers Bugloffe, yera little broader : the flalkes rifevp {ome cubit high, firme, crefled, 
and hairy , vpon which grow aboundance of leaues, fhorter and narrower than thofe below ; and 
among ft thefe towards the top gtow many floures vpon fhort foot-ftalks, which twine themfelucs 
round like a Scorpions taile: thefe floures are of an elegant red colour, and in fhape fomwhat like 
thofe of rhe common kinde, and fuch alfo is the feed,but fomewhat leffe : the root is lafting,!on= 
alfo, hard, wooddy, and blacke on the outfide, and it fometimes fends vp many, but moft vfua!!; 
but one ftalke. It floures in May,and was found in Hungary by Clufiws,who firft fet it forth by the 
name of Echium rubroflore. + 


@ The Place. 
Lycopfis groweth vpon {tone walls, and vpon dry barren {tony grounds, 
Echinm gxoweth where Alkanet doth grow, in great aboundance. 
@| The Time. 
They flourith when the other kindes of Bugloffes do floure. 
The Names. ; 
It is called in Greeke Echinm, and ‘avwaisho, of Alcibiades the finder of the vertues thereof : of 
fome it is thought tobe Aachufe fpecies,ora kinde of Alkanet:in high-Dutch,wilde Debfen= 
gutigens in Spanith, Yerwa de la Binora, or Chupamel : in Italian, Bugloffa faluatica - in French, Bu- 
gloffe faunage : in Englifh, Vipers Buglofft, Snakes Bugloffe , andof fome, Vipers herbe,and wilde 
Bugloffe the leffer. 
The Temperatures 
Thefe herbes are cold and dry of complexion. 


q The Vertues. ; 

The root drunke with wine is good for thofe that be bitten wich Serpents, and ic keepeth fuch A 
from being ftung as haue drunk of it before :the leaues and feeds do the {ame,as D/ofcorid:s writes. 
Nicander in his book of Treacles makes Vipers Bugloffe tobe one of thofe plants which cure the 
biting of {erpents, and efpecially of the Viper, and that driue ferpents away. 

If it be drunke in wine or otherwife it caufeth plenty of milke in womens brefts. 

The herbe chewed, and the inyce fwallowed downe, is a moft fingular remedie againft poyfon 
and the bitings ofany venomous beaft ; and the root fo chewed and Iayd vpon the fore workes the 
fame effec. : 


+ Thatfigure which formerly ftoodinthe fecond place, vnder the title of Onofma,and whereof there vias no more mention made by our Author,neither in des 
fcription, name, nor otherwile, [ rake to be nothing elfe than the Lycopfis which l.es with long leaues {pred ypon the ground before it comes to fend yp the (talke 
as you may fee it expreft apart by it felfc in che figure we giue you ; which is the crue figure of that plane our Author defcribed and meant: for the gare which hee 
gale was nothing buc ofthe common Borage with narrower leaues,which he detcribedin the fourth place of the chapter of Borage,as I hauc formerly noted, 


Qin: 


Cuap. 286. Of Hounds-tongue. 


@| The Defcriptions 


2 He common Hounds tongue hath long leaules much like the garden Buglofle, but 
broader, and not rough atall, yet hauing fome fine hoarinefle or foftneffe like veluet. 
Thefe leaues ftinke very filthily,much like ro the piffe ofdogs ; wherefore the Dutch’ 
nien have called it PHourids pifle,and not Hounds tongue. TI he {talkes are rough, hard,two cubits 
high, and ofa browne colour, bearing at the top many floures ofa darke purple colour : the feed is 
tough,cleauing to garments like Avrimonie feed : the root is blacke and thicke. + Thefe plants 
for one yeare after they come vp of {eed bring forth onely leaues,and thofé pretty large ;and the 
fecond yere they fend vp their ftalks, bearing both floures and feed, and then vfually the root peri- 
fheth. I haue therefore prefented you with the figures of itboth whenir floures,and when it fen- 
deth forth onely leaues, $ 
- > a We 


go4. 


, . 7 ;- 
1 Cynoglol[wm mains vuigare fine flore, 


+ 2 (ynoglo|fum Creticum 1. 


The firft Candy Dogs-tongue. 


Of the Hit 


Lis.2. 


on sae any feed, 


| fomewhar rough, and without a manifeft {mell, wherein it diffeteth from, the common kinde’s 


| floures are leffer and ofa lighter colour than thofe of the former; the feeds alfo are rough, and 
_ grow foure together, with a point comming out of the middle of themas in the common kind,but 


more high, crefted, fife, and ftraight, and fomewhat downy as arealfo the leaues,which grow vp- 
on the fame,being fomwhat broad at their fetting on, and of a yellowith greene colour. The top of 
the ftalke is diuided into fundry branches, which twine or turne in their tops like as the Scorpion 
‘grafle, and carry fhorter yet larger floures than the ordinarie kinde, and thofe of a whitith colour 


£ 4 Cynoglof[um minus folio virente. q The Place, 
Small greene leaued Houndf-tongue, 


The great Hounds-tongue growes almoft 
euery where by high-wayes and vntoiled 
ground : the {mall Hounds-tongue groweth 
very plentifully by the waies fide as you ride 
Colchefter iighway from Londonward, be- 
tweene Efterford and Wittamin Effex, 

‘ @ The Time. 

They floure in Iune and Iuly. 

| The Names. 

Hounds-tongue is called in Greeke; 
Kuiyavew: in Laine, Lingua canis: of Pliny; 
Cynoglo(fos ; and he fheweth two kinds there+ 
of: in Englith, Hounds-tongue , or Dogs- 
tongue, but rather Hounds-piffe, for in the 
world there is not any thing fimelleth fo like 
vata Dogs-piffeas the leaues of this Plant 

Oe. 


@ The Nature, 

Hounds-tongue,but efpecially his root,ig 
cold and dry. 

@ The Vertues. 

The roots of Hounds-tongue rofted in the 
embers and layd tothe fundament, healeth 
the hemorrhoides, and the difeafe called J¢- 
wis facer, or wilde-fire. 

The iuyce boiled with honey of rofes and 
Turpentine, tothe formeofanvnguent, is 
moft fingular in wounds and deepe vicers. 

Diofcorides faith, That the leaues boyled 

inwine and drunk,do mollifie the belly, and 
‘that the leaues ftamped with old fwines sreafé are good againft the falling away of the haire of the 
head, which proceedeth of hot fharpe humors. 


Likewife they are a remedie againft {caldings or burnings,and againft the biting of dogs,as the 
fame Author addeth. 


Cuar. 287. Of Comfrey, or great (onfound. 


@ The Defcription, 
I > ie ftalke ofthis Comfrey is cornered, thicke, and hollow like that of Sow-thiftle : it 
groweth two cubits ora yardhigh ; the leaues that {pring from the root,and thofe that 
r ae a grow 


A 


D 


pee Sa 


806 Of the Hifterie of Plants. Lis. 2. 


1 Confolida maior “flore purpureo. 


PSone 


Wk 


£4. Simphyturm paroum Boraziats facie. 
Borage- floured Comiiey..- 


3 F Symphytumtuberofium. 


Comfrey with the knobby root, 
* Sumbhytamn Whines ur 


grow vpon the ftalkes are long, broad, rough, and 
pricking withall, fomething hairie, and being 
handled «make the hands itch ; very like in co- 
lour and roughnés tothofe of Borage, but longer, 
and fharpe pointed, as be-the Jéaues of Elecam- 
pane: from out the wings of the ftalkes appeare 
the floures orderly placed, long, hollow within, of 
a light red colour:after them groweth the feed, 
which is blacke. The root is long and thick,blacke 
without, white within, hauing in it a clammy 
juice, in which root confilteth the vertue. 

2 Thegreat Comfrey hath rough hairy ftalks, 
and long rough leaues much like the garden Bu- 
gloffe , but greater and blacker : the floures be 
round and hollow like little bells, ofawhite co- 
lour: the root is blacke without, and white with- 
in, and very flimy., # This differeth, no way from 
the former but onely.in the colour, of the-floure, 
which is yellowith or white, when as the other is 
reddith or purple. + f 

3. Thereisanotherkinde of Comfrey which 
hath leaues like the former, fauing that they be 
leffer: the ftalks are rough and tender : the floures 
be like the former, but that they be ofan ouerworn 
yellow colour ; the roots are thicke, fhort, blacke 
without, and tuberous, + which in the figure ate 
not expreffed fo, large and-knobby.as they ought 
tohaue been. -+ } 
4 This 


bind  Ofthe Fliftory of Pints. 807 


Comfrey joyeth in watery ditches,in fat and fruirfall medowes 3 they grow all in my Garden: 
a @ The Time, 
_. They floure in Iunc and Iuly, 
@ The Names. 
Iris called in Greeke sevm: in Latine Symphytum, and Solidago : in thops, Confolida maior, and 

Symaphyturm mais : of Scribonins Largus, Inula ruflica,and Alys Gailica:of others, 0 Feocollon : in high 
| Dutch, ndaltourts 3 in low Dutch, UPaclwogtele in Iealian,Confélida mageiore : in $ panith,svelda 
| maiore, and Confuelda maior : in French, C onfire,and Oreille d'afne : in Englith, Comfrey, Comtftey 

Confound ; of fome,Knit backe,and Blackewoort. © 
. The Temperature. 
The root of Comfrey hath acold quality,but yet not much ; it is alfo ofa clammie and glitine 
| moifture,it caufeth no trch at all,neither is it ofa fharpe or biting tafte,vnfauory,and without ans. 
| qualitie that may be tafted ; fo far is the tough and gluing moifture from the fharpe clammine(le 
| Of the (ea Onion, as that there is no comparifon betweene them: The leaues may caufe itching 

not through heate or fharpeneffe, but through their ruggedneffe, as we haue already written, yet 
| leffe than thofe of the Nettle. : 
The Vertues, Ue 
___ Therootes of Comfrey ftamped,and the juice drunke with wine,hel peth thofe that {pit bloud, A 
and healeth all inward wounds and burftings. \ 

The fame bruifed and laid to in manner of a plaifter, doth héaleall freth ahd greens woundes, 


| and are fo glurenatiue, thar it will fodder or glew together meate that is chopt in peeces feething 
ina pot,and make it in one lumpe. 
- The rootes boiled and drunke, doe clenfe the breft from flegme, and cure the griefes of the Cc 
| pee <lpecially if they be confec with fugar and fyrrup ;it preudileth much againft ruptures or 
| burftings. ‘ 
The (ini fubftance of the root made in'a pofiet ofalejand giuentodrinke againft the painein D 
| the backe,gotten by any violent motion,as wraftling, or ouermuch vfe of women, doth in foure or 
| fiue daies perfe@ly cure the fame:although the inuoltntary flowing of the feed in men be gotten 
| thereby. 
The roots of Comfrey in number foure,Knotgraffe and the leaues of Clarie ofeach an hand- 
full,being ftamped, alltogether,and ftrained, and a quart of Mufcadell put thereto, the yolkes of " 
hree egges, and the powder of three Nutmegs, drunke firft and Jaft, is a moft excellent medicine 
jagain{t a Gonorrhea or tunning of the reines, and all paines and confumptions of the backe. 
Therg.is likewifea fyrrup made hereof tobe vied in this cafe, which ftaieth voiding ofbloud : 
item ht the heate of agues:allaieth the fharpenefle of flowing humors:healeth vp vicers of the 
Jungs, arid helpeth the cough: the receit whereofis this : Take two ounices of the roots of great 
\Comfrey,one ounce of Liquorice ; two handfills of Folefoot,roots and all;one ounce and an halfe 
10f Pine-apple kernells 3 twenty iulubes ; twodrams ora quarter of an ounce of Mallow feed ; one 
idram of the heads of Poppy ; boile all ina fafficient quantitie of water, till one pinte remaine, 
Atraine it, and andadde to the liquor ftrained fix ounces of very white fugar, and as much of the 
/beft hony,and make thereofa {yrrup that muftbe throughly boiled. 
| The fame fyrrup cureth the vicers of the kidnies, though they hate been of long continuance; ¢ 
land ftoppeth the bloud that commeth from thence. : 
Moreouer,it ftaicth the ouermuch flowing of the monethly fickeneffe,taken euery day forcer- py 
‘taine daies together. 


_ Atis highly commended for woundes or hurts of all the reftalfo of the intrailes and inward 1 
Parts, and for burftings or ruptures. aml 


The roor ftamped and applied vnto them, taketh away the inflammation of the fundament, K 
find ouermuch flowing of ‘the hemorthoides. 


Cuar 


as 
“ose Car. 288. 


x Pulmonariamaculofa. 


an otted Cowflips of lerufalem.. 


offre Le 


; \ DGS 
cas eet Zi 


3, Pulmoria anguftifolia 9. Clujij. 
Narrow leafed Cowflips of lerufalem:. 


~ OF the Hiftory of Plants, 


Of Cowflhps of Sw cisuerts hs bn rata 


2 Pulmonaria olys Echy 


Bugloffe Cowllips. 


Liz. 2. 


) The Defcription, ; 

1 C Owflips of Ierufalem, or the true and 

right Lungwort,hath rough, hairy,and 
large leaues, of a brown green color,confufedly 
{potted with diuers pots, ordtops of white :a- 
mong{t which {pring vp certaine ftalkes, a fpan 
Jong, bearing at the top many fine floures,srow- 
ing together in bunches like the floures of cow- 
flips,fauing that they be at the firft ted, or pur 
ple,and fometimes blew,and oftentimes al thefe 
colours at once. The floures being fallen, there 
come {mall buttons full of feed, The*roor is 
blacke and threddy. + This is fometimes 
found with white floures. 

2 The fecond kinde of Lungwort is like vn= 
to the former, but greater in each refped: the 
leaues bigger than the former,refembling wilde 
Bugloffe, yet {potted with white {pots like the 
former : the floures are like the other, but ofan 
exceeding fhining red colour. 

3 Carolus Clufius fetreth forth a third kinde 
of Lungwoort, which hath rough and hairie 
Ieaues, like vnto wilde Bugloffe,but narrower ; 
among which rifes vpa ftalke a foot high,bea- 
ting at the top a bundle of blew floures, in fa- 
fhion like ynto thofe of B ugloffe or the laft de- 
{eribed. 

@ The 


Lis. Zo 


- Of th 


Thefe plants do grow in moift thadowie woods,and ate planted almoft euiery Where in gardens; 
y) tM‘. Goodyey found the Pulmonaria folijs E chy), being thefecond, May 25.U4an0 t é20. 
| &woodby Holbury houfe in the New Forreft in Hampfhire. + 
| | The Tine. 
They fioure for the moft part in Marchand April. 
@| The Names, 
|) Cowflips of Ierufalem,or Sage of Ierufalem,is called of the Herb 


r arifts of ourtime, Pulmonaria, 
i and Pulnonalis: of Cordus, Symphitum fytueftre, or wilde C omftey: but feeing the other is alfo of 
| 


y Mature wilde, it may aptly be called Symphytum maculofum,or Macilatum : in high Dutch, Luna 
} Kenkvauts in low Dutch, Onter Hroutoen melerutit: in Englith, fpotted Comftey, Save of Ie- 

tufalem,Cow/{lip of Ierufalem,Sage of Bethlem,and of fome Lungwort; notwithftanding there 
is another Lungwott, of which we will intreat among the kindes of Moffes. 


| | The Temperature. . 
| Pulmonaria fhould be of like temperature 


flouring iti 


with the great Comfrey, if the roote of this were i 
} clammie:butfeeing that it is hard and woody, it is ofa more drying quality,and more binding. Tei 
ld 
| @ The Vertues. i ih \ 
| Heh Hibs 
|» The leanes are vfed among pot-herbes. The roots are alfo thought to be good againft the infir: | Pia 
) Mities and vicers of the lungs, and tobe of like force with the great Comfrey. i Mi ie 
Hh aaa 
} tT The figure which formerly wasin chefourth Place of this Chapter, was onely of the firlt deferibed with white floures. Butthe Title Pulmonavia @zkorum, i 1 j ae | 
§) and the aefeription ficted tole (though litle ro the purpofe,andtherefore omitted) were intended for the Pulmenaria Gaboram fine aves, whereof Lhane inshe i | fh ‘] 
} due place largelytreated, 2s you mayfeein this booke, pag. 304. chap, 36> it } | ‘4 i) | 
‘ ied 
fiat 
] E ya Tn 


AAA AAA o> Quem tu 


] j i t 
i , i Biiia 
Car, 289, _ Of Clote Burre, or Burre Docke. | Hi i 
| % Barduna maior. 2 Batdana minor. i We i ¥ 
The great Burre Docke. ; he leffe Burre Docke, , is } 

sit Ger ness a | 


SAA AY Fofoppo 
(e i, 


R 


Way 


Dy 


¢ 
Gin R 


SS a \ 
GES \ 
ex ¢ UES} v7 > 
Ue i { : SS 


tee says oe 


810 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 


Gq The Defcription. : 4 

Lot Burre bringeth forth broad leaues and hairie,far bigger than the leaues of Gourds, 

and of greater compaffe, thicker alfo, and blacker, which on the vpper fide are of a 

darke greene colour,andon the nether fide fomewhat white: the ftalke is cornered, 
thicke,befet with like leaues,but far leffe,dinided into very many wings and branches, bringing 
forth great Burres round like bullets or balls, which are rough all ouer,and full of fharpe crooking 
prickles, taking hold on mens garments as they paffe by; out Of rhe tops whereof groweth a 
Houre thrummed,or all of threds, of colour purple: the feed is perfected within the round ball or 
bullet,and this feed when the burres open,and the winde-bloweth, is caried away with thewinde: 
the root is long,white within, and blacke without. 

+ There is another kinde hereof which hath leffer and fofter heads, with weaker prickles 3 
thefe heads are alfo hairy or downy, and the leaues and whole plant fomewhat lefle, yet otherwi fe 
like the fore deferibed ; Lobell calls this Arion montanum, and Lappa minor Galenj : itis alfo the 
Lappa minor altera of Matthiolus. Lobell found this growing in Somerfetfhire three miles from Bath, 
neere the houfe of one M*. ZoAz Colt. : 

2 The Jeffer Burre hath leaues farre fmaller than the former, of a grayith ouerworne colour 
like to thofe of Orach nicked round about the edges : the ftalke isa foot and a halfe high, full of 
little blacke fpots, diuiding it felfe into many branches’: the floures before the Burres come forth 
do compaffe the fmall ftalkes round about; they are but Jictle, and quickly vade away : then follow 
the Burres or the fruit out of the bofomeof the Ieaues,in forme long, on the tops of the branches, 
as big as an Oliue or a Cornell berry,rough like the balles of the Plane tree, and being touched 
cleaue faft ynto men$ garments : they do not openat all,but being kept clofe fhut bring forth long 
feeds, The root is faftened with very many ftrings, and groweth not deepe. 

| The Place, 

The firft groweth euery where : the fecond_I found in the high way leading from Draitonto 
Tuer, two miles from Colbrooke, fince which time I haue found it in the high way betweene 
Stanes and Egham. + Ic alfogroweth plentifully in Southwick fheer in Hampfhire,as I haue 
been enformed by M*. Gcodyer. $ 


me 


@ The Time, 

Their feafon is in Iuly and Auguft. 

q The Names, 

The great Burte is called in Greeke éméo : ip Latine; Per/owata,perfonatia, and Arcinm> in thops, 
Bardanaand Lappa maior : inhigh Dutch, aofebletten 3 in low Dutch, @zoote cliffensin trench, 
Glouteron : in Englifh,Great Burre,Burre Docke, or Clot Burre: Apuleius befides thefe doth alfa 
fet downe certaine other names belonging to Clot Burre,as Dardana,Bacchion, E lephantofis,Nepheli. 
on, Manifalium. : 

The jefler Burre Docke is called of the Grecians =usm:in Latine, Xaathium : in fhops, Lappa 
winor,L appa inuerfa,and of diuers, Strumaria: Galen faith it is alfo called, Pha (canion,and Phafranon, 
orherbe victory,being but baftard names, and therefore not properly fo called: in Englith, Loufe 
Burre, Ditch Burre,and leffer Burre Docke : it feemeth to be called Xanthiwm of the effect, for the 
Burre or fruite before it be fully withered,being ftamped and put into an earthen veffell, and after- 
wardswhen need requireth the weight of two ounces thereof and fomewhat more, being fteeped 
in warme water and rubbed on,maketh the haires of the head red; yet the head is firft tobe dreffed 
orrubbed with niter, as Diofcorides writeth, 

G The Temperature, 

The leaues of Clot Burte are of temperature moderately dry and wafting ; the root is fomes 

thing hot. 


The feed of the lefler Burre,as Galen faith, hath power to digeft, therefore it is hot and dry. 


q The Vertues. 

The roots being taken with the kernels of Pine Apples, as Dioforides witneffeth, are good for 
them that {pic bloud and corrupt matter. 

Apeleivs faith that the fame being ftamped with a little {alt,and applied to the biting of a mad 
dog,cureth the fame, and fo fpeedily fetteth free the ficke man. 

He alfo teacheth thatthe juice of the leaues giuen to drinke with hony,procureth vrine, and ta- 
keth away the paines of the bladder, and that the fame drunke with old wine doth wonderfully 
helpe againft the bitings of ferpents. 

Columella declareth,that the herbe beaten with faltand laid vpon the fearifying which is made 
with the launcet or rafer,draweth out the poifon of the viper : and that alfo the root being ftam- 
ped is more auaileable againft ferpents,and that the root i like maneris good againft the Kings 
euill. 


The 


Lisa OF the Hiftory of Plants. a, Su 


‘The ftalke of Clot-burre before the burres come forth,the rinde pilled offbeing ea hE 


} falc and pepper, or boyled inthe broth of fat meate, is pleafant to bé eaten: being nase oe : 
manner it increafeth feed and ftirreth vp luft. % Rey 
Alfoit is a good nourifhment, efpecially boyled : ifthe ketnell of the Pine Apple belikewife FE 

§ added it is the better, and is no leffe auailable againft the vicer of the lungs,and {pitting ofbloyd. 

# than the rootis. ee ag 

|. The root ftamped and ftrained with a good draught of Ale isa moft approued medicine for a G 

) windie or cold ftomacke. g 
_ Treacle of Andromachus,and the whites of egges, ofeach a like quantitiejlaboured in a leaden H 

} mortar, and {pred vpon the Burte leafe, and fo applied to the gout, haue been proued many times 

» mott miraculoufly to appeafe the paine thereof. 

Diofcorides commendeth the decoGion of the root of Arcion, together witl 

} tooth-ache, if it be holden awhile inthe mouth: alfo cd 

1 burnings and kibed heeles ; and.affirmeth chavit ma 

{ paine inthe hip. 

Diofcorides reporteth that the fruit is very good to be laid vnto hard fwell ings. 
The root cleane picked, wathed, ftamped and ftrained with Malmefey, helpeth therunnine of J. 

} the reines, the whites in women, and ftrengthneth the backe, if there be added thereto the yelizs = 

| egges, the pouder of acornes and nutmegs brued or mixed together,and drunke fir and laft, 


ion, ithe feed,avainftthe I 
Jat 1€ is good to foment therewith both 
y be drunke in wine againft the ftrangury and 


| 
: ' 
K | 
| 


Cuar.2go. Of (olts-foot, or Horfe-foot. 


x Tufsilago florens. 


Pies, al Fay fer&_ %, Tufslaginis folia, 
Colts-foot in floure. Sfotog asl 


The leaues of Colts-foor, 


Wye ° | 


G The Defiription. 


Be P Silago ox Fole-foot hath many white and long creeping roots, fomewhat fat from Hi 
which rife vp naked ftalkes (in the beginning of March and Aprill) about a {panne f 
long, bearing at the top yellow floures, which change into down,and are caried away i 4 
| with thewinde; when the ftalke and feed is perithed, there appeare {pringing out ofthe earth Hh ia 


¥y yy 2 


many aa AE 


a sata er rn 


$2 «Of the Hiffory of Plants. _ Lin. 2. 


many broad leaues,green aboue,and next the ground of a white hoarie or grayith colour,fathioned 
like an horfe foot ; for which caufe it was called Fole-foot , and Horfe-hoofe: feldome Or neuer 
fhall you find leaues and floures at once, but the floures are paft before the leaues come outof the 
ground ; as may appeare by the firft picture,which fetteth forth the naked ftalkes and floures ; and 
by the fecond, which pourtraiteth the leaves onely. { 
$ 2 Befides the commonly growing and defcribed Colts-foot, there are other two {mall 
mountaine Colts-feet defcribed by Clu/ivss the firft whereof] will here prefent you with, but the 
fecond you fhall finde hereafter in the chapter of Afarum, by the name of Afarina Matthioli, This 
here delineated hath fiue or fix leaues not much vnlike thofe of Alehoofe,ofadarke fhining ercen 
colouraboue,and very white and downy below. :the ftalke is naked fome hand full high, hollow and 
downy,bearing one floure at the top compofed of purplith threds,and flying:away in downe ; after 
which the ftalke falls away, and fo the leaues onely remaine during the reft of the yeare : the roor 
is {mall and creeping. It growes on the tops of the Auftrian and Stirian mountaines, where it 
floures in Iune or Auguft. Brought into gardens it flouresin Aprill. (lufiws calls it Tusilago Al. * 
pina. and he hath giuen two figures thereof, both which I here giue you by the fame titles as he 
hath them. £ 


£ 2 Tufilago Alpina flere aperto. 
Mountaine Colts-foor full in floure. 


$ 2 TufSilago Ss dai evanido, 
Mountaine Colts-foot with the 
floure fading. 


G The Place. 
This groweth of it felfe neere ynto Springs, and on the brinkes of brookes and riuers,in wet fur- 
rowes, by ditches fides,and in other moift and watery places neere vnto the fea,almoft euery where. 


S| The Time. 

The floures,which quickly fade, are to be feene in the end of March,and about the Calends of 
Aprill, which {peedily wither together with the ftems : after them grow forth the leaues, which 
remaine greene all Sommer long : and hereupon itcame that Colts-foot was thought to be with- 
out floures ; which thing alfo Péimy hath mentioned in his fixe and, twentieth booke, cap. 6. 

q The Names, 

Folefoot is called in Greeke niyo : of the Latines likewife Bechions and Tufslago : in fhops, Far- 
fara, and Vagula Caballana : of diuers, Pata equina: in Italian, Vaghia di Cayallo : in Spanith,.vnmhad’ 
afro: in French, Pas a’ afne ; in Englith, Fole-foot, Colts-foor, Horfe-hoofe, and Bull:foor. The 
fame is alfo Chamelence, which Pliny in his twenty eighth booke,and fifteenth chapter reporteth to 
belikewife called Furfuginm.and Farranum, if there be not an error in the copy: which thing alfo 
Aétivs in his firft booke affirmerh, pretermitting theiname of Bechinm, and attributing varo it all 
the-vertuesand faculties of Bechium or. Colts-foot. Whofe opinion Orabafivs {eemeth to be of 
inhis fifteenth bookeof his medicinable ColleGions, making mention of Chameleuce : only Puény 

. allo 


| | bo OF the Hiftory of Plants. 813 


alfoagreeth with them); thewing that fome thinke,that Bechium is called by another name Chame- 
levee, inhis twenty fixth booke; cap. 6. and it may be that Diofcorides hath written of one ane the 
felfe fame herbe in {undry places, and by divers names. Beabiuim and TufSilago, which may alfobe 
Englithed Coughwort,fo called of the etfe@,and Farfara,of the white Poplar tree,to whofe leanes 
itis like -whiehwas named ofthe Antients Farfarws , as Plautes writeth in his Comedie called. 
Pansies? ( - 


= viftum leaioni dedi. i 
Ge Sundafque cos profernebam vt folia Farfari. 
Kc othe company I gaue both lime buth and fling. | 
~ That tothe ground as Poplar leaues I might them fling. 


+ Dotlowews (fromwhom our Authortooke this) fers downe this place in Plastusas you finde it 
here, but not well ; for the laft verfe thould be Funda/que, eo preflernebant folia Farfari, Thus it isin 
mot editions of Plastys,and that rightly, as the enfuintg words in that place declare. + 

Thewhite Poplar tree is called.in Greeke aio, and hereu pon Bechion or Colts-foot was alfocal- 
1 led Chamelence. { ; x 
i| \ ~ “G The Temperature and Vertues. 


— 


| | The leaues of Colts-foot being frefh and greene are fomething cold, and haue withall a dryiag A 

)  qualitie; they are good for vicers and inflammations : but the dried leaues are hot and driey-and 

) fomewhatbiting. ] t 

A decoétion made of the greene Jeaucs and roots, or elf a fyrrup thereof, is good for the cough B 

) that proceedeth ofa thinrheurme. : 

| The gteen leaues of Fole-foot pound with hony,do cure and heale the hot inflammation called e 

) Saint Anthonies fire,and al! othen inflammations. ; 

. The fume of thedriéd leaués trken through a funnell or tunnell, burned vpon coles, effectually D 
_helpeth thofe that are troubledivithithe thortneffe of breath, and fetch their winde thickeand of- 

ten, and breakerh without peril} the impoftumes of the brett. 

4 Being taken in mannerasthey'takeTobaco, it mightily preuailethagainft the difeafes afore. E 
aid. 


Cua a: 29%. Of Butter-Burve. 


@ TheD cfcription. 


| es e 


| 


ier 7 Veter-Burre doth in like mannet bring forth floures before the leatics 5 as doth Colts-= 
foot, but they are fmall, mofiie; tending toa purple colour which being madé'yp'ihto 
| abig care as it were, do quickly (togetherwith the ftem, which is thicke, full of fb 
ftance, and brittle) wither and fall away : the leaues ate very great like toaround cap or hat,called 
| in Latine Petafus, of fuch a wideneffe, as that of it {elfe it is big and large enough to keepea mang 
| head fromraine, and from the heate of the Sunine : and therefore they'be greater than the leaues of 
/ the Clot-burre, of colour fomewhat white, yet whiter vnderneath reuery ftem beareth his leafe , 
| the ftem is oftentimes a cubit long,thicke, full of fub{tanee ; vpon which ftandeth the leafeihithe 
( centre or middlemoft part of the circumference, or very neere, like to one of the greate(t Muth- 
‘roms, but that it hath acleft that ftandeth about the ftem, efpecially when they are in perithing 
‘ and withering away : at the firft the vpper fuperficiall or outfide of the Muthroms ftandeth out, 
‘and when they are in withering ftandeth more in ; and euen fothe leafe of Buttet-bur hath on the 
(Outfide a certaine fhallow hollowneffe : the root is thicke, long, blacke without, white within, of 
( tafte fomewhat bitter, and is oftentimes worme-eaten, 


@| The Place, , 
__ This groweth in moift places ricere vato tiners fides,and vpon the brinks and banks of lakes and 
| ponds, almoft euery where. 


. q The Time. 
‘The earewith the floures flourith in A prill or fooner :then come vp the leaues, which contiiue 
: tall Winter, with new ones fill growing vp, . 


D 


I Petafites florens. 1, Petafitisfolia. 
Butter-Burre in floure, 4 The leaues of Butter-burte, 


a The Names. 

Butter-bur is called in Grecke mmermr, of the hugenefie ofthe teafethat is like to wma», or a hat: 
the Latines call it Perafites : inhigh- Dutch, Pettilentstourts sin low-Durch, Bockebladeren ¢ 
in Englith itis named Butter-Burre: itis very manifeft charthisis like to Colrs-foor, and of te 
fame kinde. 


The Temperature. 

Butter-Burre is hotand dry in the fecond degree, and of thinne parts. 

q TheVertues. 

The roots of Butter-burre ftamped with ale, and giuen to drinke in. peftilent and burning Fe- 
uers, mightily cooleth and abateth the heate thereof, 

The roots dried and beaten to pouder, and drunke inwine, isa foucraigne medicine againft the 
plague and peftilent feuers, becaufe it prouoketh fweat,and drineth from the heart all venome and 
ill heate: it killeth wormes, and is of great force againft the fuffocation ofthe mother. 

The fame cureth all naughty filthy vicers, if the pouder be ftrewed therein. 

The fame kills wormes in the belly : it prouokes vrine,and brings downe the monthly termes, 

. 


+ Cuar. 292. Of Mountaine Horfe-foot. 


«| The Defcription. 

~ 1 eS plant (which the moderne Writers hane referred to the Cacalia of the Antients, 
and to the kindes of Colts-foot) I haue thought good toname in Englith, Horle- 

foot, for that the leaues exceed Colts-foor in bigneffe,yet are like them in fhape : and of this plant 
Clufiws (whom I here chiefely follow) hath deferibed two forts : the firft of thefe hath many leaues 
almoft like vnto thofe of Colts-foot , but larger, very round, and fnipt about the edges, 
of alight greene colour aboue, and hoarie vnderneath, hauing alfo many veines or nerues running, 
vp and downe them ; and thefe leaues are of an yngratefull tafte, afd grow vpon long purplifh cre- 
fied flalkes : The ftemme is fome two cubits high, crefted lik@wife, and of a purplith co- 


lour, fet,alfo at certaine fpaces with leauesvery like vntothe other, but lefler than thofe 
he next 


Lis 2. Of the Hittorie of Plants. ee 


_-——__— 


£ 1 Cacalia incano folio, +: 2»Cacalia folio clabro. 
Hoarie leaued Horfe-foot. Smooth leaued Horfe-foor, 


‘next the ground, and more cornered and fharper pointed ; the tops of the ftalkes and branches cat- 
\r1e bunches of purp!e floures, as inan vmbell: and commonly in each bunch there ate three lirtle 
floures confifting of ioure leaues a peece,and a forked peftell,and thefe are of a purple colour, and 
‘aweake,but not vnpleafant fmell, and they at length turne into downe,amongft which lies hid a 
|longith feed : the root, if old,fends forth diners heads,as alfo ftore of long whitith fibres. 
_ 2. The leaues of this are more thin,tough and hard,and ofa deeper greene on the vpper fides, 
ineither are they whitith below,nor come fo round or clofe whereas they are fattened totheir ftalks 
(which are nor crefted as thofe of the other,but round and {mooth) they are alfo full of veines,and 
_nicktabout the edges,and of fomewhat an vngratefull hot and bitter tafte. The ftalkes are alfo 
|Amoother,and the floutes ofa lighter colour. 
qj The Place. 

Both thefe grow inthe Auftrian and Stirian Alpes vnder the fides of woods,among bushes and 
\fuch thadowie places : but not in England,that I haue yet heard of. 

The Time, 

I find it not fet downe when thefe floure and feed,but iudge ic about the fame time that Coltfe 

{ foot doth. 


© The Names. 


G Lhe 


a 


Of the Hittorie of Plants. Liz.z. 


The Temperature and Vertues,out of the _Antients, 


A The root of Cacalia is void of any biting qualitie, and moderately dries,and itis ofa grofle and | 
emplaifticke fubftance,wherefore fteeped in wine and fo taken it helpes the cough,the roughnefle. 
ofthe Arterie or hoarfnes, like as Trae acanth : neither if you chew it and {wallow downe the iuice. 


doth it leffe auaile againft thofe effeéts than the iuice of Liquorice: $ 


Cua rv. 293. Of fall Celandine or Pile-voort, 


| The Kindes, 


Here be two kindes of Celandine, according to the old writers, much differing in forme and 
'@ figure : the one greater,the other leffer, which I intende to diuide into two diftina chapters, 
marfhalling thema as neere as may be with their like,in forme and figure, and firft of the {mall Ce. 
Jandine. : 


Chelidoninm minus. a The Deftription. 
Pile-woort t: ; : 
; Or Pe IRF) KA a, He lefler Celandine hath greene round 


leaues, {mooth, flipperie, 


{talks are flender, fhort, and for the moft par 


little yellow flours like} thofe of Crow-foot. 
and after the floures there {pringeth vp a lit 


of wheat cornes,or bigger. 


@ The Place. 


by ditches and trenches,and it is common & 
uery where,in moift and danki(h places, 
The Time. 


in May,afterwards itis hard tobe found,yea 
{carcely theroot. 
g The Names, 
It is called in Greeke xausen: of the Latines 
Chelidoninim minus, and Hirundinaria minor:of 


diuers,s crophularia minor ,Ficaria minor: of Se- 


vapio, Memiren : in Italian, Favoftello : in High Dutch, feighwurtzenkraut : in French, #fclere, and 
Petit Baffinet : in Englith,little Celandine, Fig-woort,and Pile-woott. | 
@ The Temperature. 


Itis hotand drie,alfo more biting and hotter than the greater :it commeth neereft in facultie : 


tothe Crowfoot. 


$ This which is here,and by moft Authours fet forth for Chelidonium minus,hath no fuch great 
heat and Acrimonie as Dioféorides and Galen affirme to be in theits ; making ithotin the fourth } 
degree , when as this of ours fearce exceedes the firft,as farre as wee may coniecture by the | 


tafte. £ 
The Vertues. 
B  Itprefently,as Galen and Dioftorides affirme,exulcerateth or bliftereth the skin: it maketh rough 
and corrupt nailes to fall away, 
B _ The iuice ofthe roots mixed with honie, and drawne vp into the nofthrils, purgeth the head of 
fouleand filthie humours. ‘ 
‘ The 


“+ 


ad fhining, | 
leffe thanthe Icaues of the Iuie; the | 


creeping vpon the ground: they bring forth ; 


tle fine knop or head fullof feede : the root} 
confifteth of flender ftrings, on which doe 
hang as it wereeertaine graines,of the bignes } 


It groweth in medows,by common waied, 


Ir commeth forth about the Calendsof | 
March, and floureth a little after: it begin | 
neth to fade away in Aprill, itis quite gone | 


# | 


| 


{ 


{ 
1 


| Lape Of the Hiftory of Plants; 


? 


Thelaterage vfetheroots and graines for the piles, which being often bathed witli the ivice C 
mixed with wine,or with the fickmans vrine,are drawne together and dried vp, and the paine quite 
taken away. cae 

There be alfowho thinke,that ifthe herbe be but cartied about one that hath the piles the 


ain D 
forthwith ceafeth: 


Cuar. 294.‘ Of Marfh M. arigold. 


| The Defcription, 


I Arth Marigold hath great broad leanes fomewhat round,f{mooth,ofa gallant greene 
colous, fleightly indented or purld about the edges : among which rile Vp thicke fat 
ftalkes, likew ile greene; whereupon doe grow goodly yellow floures, glittering like- 

| gold, and like to thofe of Crow-foot, but greater: the root is {mall, compofed of verie manie 

firings. 


x Caltha paluftris maior. 3 Calthapaluftris minor. * 
The great Marth Marigold, The fmall Marth Marigold, 


fb . .Cablbise raf slushy 


fii. 
EES 
“ijt 


2. The {malier Marth Marigold hath’ many round leaues fpred vpon the ground, ofa darke 
igteene colour: among ft which tife vp divers branches, charged with the like leaues : the floures 
{$row at the toppes of the branches, of a moft fhining yellow colour : the roovis alfo like the for- 
mer. i : “Hts 
_ 3 The great Marth Marigold with double floures isa ftranger in England, his natiue Coun 
itrey fhould feemeto bein the furtheft part of Germanie,by the relation of a man of thofe Coun- 
tries that I hauehad conference withall the which hee thus defcribed :it hath (faith hee) leaues, 
‘roots,and talkes like thofe of our common fort,and hath double floures like thofe of the garden 
/ Marigold, wherein cong fteth the difference. 4 

F  Camerarius writes inft contraric to that which our Authour here affirmes ; for hee faith, In 
Anglia fua ponte non folum Plenis,fed oderatis etiam floribus palfimfefe offert. But I feare that rw our 
Auchour 


es 


it Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


3 Calthapaluftris multiplex. 
Double floured Marth Marigold. 


Cuap. 295. 


Morfus Rana, 
Frogge-bit, 


Oredhany Motus Por 


Live... 
Authour and (amerarius were decciued by tru- 
fting the report of fomelying, orelfe ignorant 
perfons, for I could neuer finde it growing wilde 
with double floures here, nor Camerarius there: 
yet I donor dente but by chance fome one with 
double floures may be found both here & there, 
but this is not cuery where. + 

The Place, 
They ioy in moift and marifh grounds, and in 
watery medowes. + I haue not feund the dou- 
ble one wilde, but feene it preferued in diuers 
gardens for the beautie of the floure. + 

@, The Time, 

They ‘floure in the Spring when the Crow- 
foots doe, and oftentimes in Sommer’: the 
leaues keepe their greeneneffe all the Winter 
long. 

The Names, 

Marth Marigold is called of Valerius Cordws; 
Caltha paluftris : of Tabernammntanus, Populago = 
but not properly : in Englifh, Marfh Mari- 
golds : in Chefhire and thofe parts it is called 
Bootes. 


@ TheT emperature and Veriucs, 


Touching the faculties of thefe plants, wee 
haue nothing tofay, either our of other mens 
writings,or our Owne experiences 


Of Frogge-bit. 


@ The Defcription. 

J Here floteth or fimmeth vpon the vpper 
parts of thewater a {mal1 plant, which wee 
viually call Frog-bit, hauing little round 

Jeaues,thicke and full of iuice , very like to the 

leaues of wall Peniwoort : the floures grow vpon 

Jong ftems among the leaues,of awhite colour, 

with a certaine yellow thrum in the middle,con- - 

fitting of three leaues: in ftead of roots it hath 
flender ftrings, which grow out of a fhort and 

{mall head, as it were, from whence the leaues” 

{pring, in the bottom of the water: from which | 

head alfo come forth flopewife certaine ftrings, 

by which growing forth it multiplieth it felfe. 
a The Place, : 
It is found fwimming or floting almoft in e- 
uery ditch,pond, poole, or ftanding water, inall | 
the ditches about. Saint George his fields, and 
inthe ditches by the Thames fide neere to Lam- - 
beth Marth , where any that is difpofed may 
fee it. ‘ 
The Time, 


It flourifheth and floureth moft part ofallthe ; 
yeare, 
| The Names. 
It is called of fome Rane morfus, and Morfus 
Raneand Nymphaea parna. 


q The 


i 1B. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: S19 


The Temperature and Vertues. 
Itis thought to bea kinde of Pond-weed (or rather of Water Lillie) and tohaue the fame fa- A 
} culties that belong vnto it. 


Cuar. 296. OfWater Lillie. 


q The Defcription, 


1 T He white water Lillie or Nenuphar hath great tound leaues,in fhape ofa Buckler,thick: 
fat,and full of iuice,ftanding vpon long round and {mooth foot-ftalkes, ful of a fpungi- 
ous fub ftance,which leaues do {wim or flote vpon the top of the water : vpon the end of each ftalk 
| Zroweth one floure onely,of colour white,confifting of many little long fharpe pointed leanes;in 
the middeft whereof bee many yellow threds : after the floure it bringeth forth around head, in 
which lieth blackith glittering feed. The roots be thicke,full of knots,blacke without, white and 
{pungie within, out of which groweth a multitude of ftrings, by which itis faftened inthe bot. 
tome. 


{| 
; 


1 Nymphea ‘alba, 2 Nymphealutea, 
White Water Liliey Yellow Water Lillie, 
Ayam hen altho Nano hrctor ajo . 


2. The leaues of the yellow water Lillie be like to the other,yet are they alittlelonger. The 
| ftalkes of the Houres and leaues be like: the floures be yellow, confifting onely of fue little thore 
| leaves fomething round - inthe midft of which groweth a {mall round head, or button, fharpe to- 
wards the point,compaffed about with many yellow threds,in which,when itis ripe, lie alfa glit- 
tering feeds,greatcr than thofe of the other,and leer than wheat cornes. The roots be thick, long, 
{ fet with certaine dents,as it were white both within and without,ofa {purgious fubftance. 


J _ 3 The fmal white water Lillie floteth likewife vpon the water,hauing a fingle root,with fome 
| ew fibres fattened thereto: from which riferh vp many long,round,fmooth, and foft foot-falkes, 
| tome of which doe bring forth at the end faire broad round buckler Jeaues like vato the Ree 
| ent, 
: 


i 
{ : 
i 
e enh ; 4 
ne hie 1 UN 
ii: { 
; ) 4) 29 

al it ae 

ephete de] 

A | 


OE ELF Se 


820 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz: 2, 


dent,but leffer : on the orher foot-ftalkes ftand prettie white floures,confifting of fiue {mall leaues 
apeece hauing.a little yellow in the middle thereof, 


3 Diyephea alba minor. ae 5 Nymphea lutea minima. 
The fmall white Water Lillie, Dwarfe Water Lillie. 


4 The {mall yellow water Lillie hath a little threddie root,creeping in the bottome of the water, 
and difperfing it felfe far abroad ; from which rife {mall tender ftalkes, fmooth and fofr, whereon 
do grow little buckler leaues like the laf defcribed : likewife on the other {mall ftalke ftandetha 
tuft of many floures likewife 1oting vpon the water as the others do. ¢ This haththe floures larger 
than thofeof the next deferibed, wherefore it may be fitly named Nymphaea lutea minor flore am- 
plo 


5 This dwarfe water Lillie differeth not from the other {mall yellow water Lillie, fauing that, 
that this kinde hath (harper pointed leaues, and thewhole plant is altogether leffer, wherein lieth 
the difference. + This hash the foures much leffe than thofe of the laft deferibed, wherefore itis 
ficly for diftinction fake named Nymphea lutea minor flore paruo. + 

a The Place. 

Theft herbes do grow in fennes, ftanding waters,broad ditches, and in brookes that run flowly, 

and fometimes in great riuers, 


q The Time, 

They floure and flourith moft of the Sommer moneths. 

a The Names. 

Water Lillie is called in Greeke xueus :and in Latinealfo Nymphea, fo named becaufe it loues 
to grow inwaterie places,as Diofco-sdes faith :the Apothecaries call it Nenuphar: of CApuleius,Ma- 
ter Herculania, Alga paluftris,Papawer paluflre,Clavus venerisand Digitus veneris : Marcellusa very old 
Writer reporteth, that it is called in Latine Clava Hercntis: 1n French, Badsttin : in high Dutch, 1B afe 
fee Maher: in low Dutch, ydlompen ? in Englith, Water Lillie, water Rofe. 

@ The Temperature. 

Both the root and feed of water Lillie hauea drying forcewithout biting. 

@ The Vertues. is > 

Water Lillie with yellow floures ftoppeth laskes, the ouerflowing of feed which commeth a- 
way by dreames or otherwife,and is good for them that haue the bloudie flix. 


L 1B. 2, Of the Hiftory of Plants: ae 


But water Lillie which hath the white floures is of greater force, infomuch as ir ftaicth the B 
whites:but both this and the other that hath the black root muft be drunke in red wine 
alfo.a fcouring quality therfore they bothclenfe away the morphew,and be alfo good againft the 


pilling away of the haire of the head ; againft the morphew they are fteeped in water, and for the 
pilling away of the haire in Tarte’: but for thefe things that is fitter which hath the black: toot and 
for the other, that which hath thewhite root. 
_ Theopraftus faith,that being ftamped and laid vpon the wound, it is reported to ftay theblee- € 
ding. 
The Phyfitions of our age do commend the floures of white Nymphea againtt the infirmities 
of the head which come of a hot caufe:and docertainely aifirme, that the root of the yello; 
. . mn . rt 2 if Ks 
cureth hot difeafes of the kidnies and bladder, and is fingular good againft the running of the 
reines. 
The root and feed of the great water Lillie is very good againft venery or flefhly defire,ifone E 1) 
do drinke the deco tion thereof,or vie the feed or root in powder in his meates,for it dryeth vp the i 
feed of generation,and focaufethamantobecha {t,efpecially vfed in broth with fleth. hoe 
The conferue of the floutes is good for the difeafes aforefaid, and is good alfo againft hot bur- 
ning feuers. 
The floures being made into oile,as yee do make oile of tofes, doth coole and re frigetate, crue G i 
fing fweate and quiet fleepe,and putteth away all venereous dreames : the temples of the head and i ; 
palmes of the hands and feet,and the breft being annointed for che one, and the genirars \ pon and Hag Oh Pag 
| 
' 


\e) 


about them for the other. 


The greene leaues of the great water Lillie, either the white or the yellow laid vpon the region rT | i 
of the backe in the finall, mightily ceafe the inuoluntary flowing away of the feed called Ganor. — fn mee 


rhea, or running of the raines, being twoor three times a day remooued, and frefh applied thereto, CRE EROER | 


Fa) rey Wad et t | i ud 
: 


Cuar.297. Of Pond-weed, or water Spike: 


Y Potamoceiton latifolium. 2 Potamogeiton anguftifolinm. 
Broad leafed Pondweed. C?, 0. Natrow leafed Pondweed, , . Pe ae a 


Diotounn 0 4 tton A oeol 6 ———— o nny i 
atin ———————— = 
oN == 


ce WH 


~ Vy 


WS 


NAAN 
SSS 


Wit 
ONY 


Of the Hiuttorie of Plants. Lwi'2k 


a The Defcription. 
z Pp Ond-weed hath little ftalkes,{lender, {preading like thofe of the vine, and jointed ; the 


leaues be long,{maller than the leaues of Plantaine,andharder,with manifeft veines run. 
ning alongft themas in Plantains,which ftanding vpon {lender and tong ftems or foor- 
ftalkes, fhew themf{clues aboue the warer, and lie flat along vpon the fuperficiall or vpper part 
thereof, as do the leaues of the water Lillie: the floures grow in fhort eares, and are ofa light red 
purple colour, like thufe of Red-thankes or Biftort: the feed is hard. 
£2 This (whofe figurewas formerly vnfitly put by our Authour to the following defcrip. 
tion) hath longer,rarrower, and fharper pointed leaues than thofe of the laft de{cribed, hauing the 
veines running from the middle rib to the fides of the leaues,as in a willow leafe,which they tome- 
what refemble ; at the tops of the ftalkes grow reddifh {pikes or eares like thofe of the laft defcri- 
bed :the root is long, jointed, and fibrous. £ 


+ 3 Potamogeiton 3 Dodonai, £ 4 Potamogeiton longis acutis folijs. 
Smal! Pondweed., Budo Long fharpe Jeaued Pondweed, 
So OAL og thou perfe a AAW 4 /) 


OG ptowm ogehon OCrrernnre 


oe 
Avi Sen 
SASS =— 


Wi ——S 
iS 


3 There isanother Pondweed defcribed thus ; it fhooteth forth into many flender and round 
ftems,which are diftributed into fundry branches: his leaues are broad, long, and fharpe pointed, 
yermuch leffe than the firft kinde:out of the bofomes of the branches and leaues there {pring cer- 
tainc little ftalkes which beare fundry {mall white mofiic floures, which doe turne into plaine and. 
round feeds, like the common Tare or Vetch:his root is fibrous,throughly faftened in the ground, 

+ 4 There is alfoanother Pondweed, which hath whitith and jointed roots creeping in the 
bottome of the water, and fending downe fome fibres, but fending vp flender jointed and long 
ftalkes, {mall below, and bigger aboue, hauing long narrow and very ftiffe fharpe pointed leaues. 
The floures grow ina reddifh {pike like thofe of the firft deferibed. This is the Potarogeiton altera 
Of Dodoneus. + q The Place. 

Thefe herbes do grow in ftanding waters,pooles,ponds,and ditches,almoft euery where. 

@ The Time, 
They do floure in Iuneand Iuly. 
@ The Names, 
_ Ttiscalled ofthe Grecians, wmuoy4my:in Latine,Foatal/jind Spicata:inhigh Dutch, Zambraut? 
:nlow Dutch, ffontepnerupt : in French, £/p; d’eave : in Englifh,Pondweed,and water Spike. : 
q 1m 


Of the Hiftory of Plants, ee “$3 3 


The Temperature, 
Pondweed,faith Galewsdothbinde ahd coole, like as doth Knot-grafle, but his eflence is thicket 
| than that of Knot-graffe. 
G The Fertues, 
Itis good againft the itch, and confuming or eating Vicers, as Diofcorides writeth. A 


Alfo it isgood being applied to the inflammation of the legges,wherein Lgnis facer hath gotten B 
the fuperioritic. ® 


| 
| Cuar. 298. Of Water Saligot,water Caltrops.or water Nuts. ) 
| 
q] The Defiription: 


I VV J Ater Caltrops haue long flender ftalkes, growing vp, and rifing from the bottame 


ofthe water, and mounting aboue the fame: the root is long,hauing here and there i\| 

vnder the water certaine taffels full of {mall {trings and threddie haires: the fem j 

" towards the top of the water, is very great in tefpect of that which is lower, the leaues are large and 

fomewhat round, not vnlike thofe of the Poplar or Elme tree leaues, a little creuifed or notched a- 
bout the edges : amongft and vnder the caves groweth the fruit, which is triangled, hard; tharpe 1 

pointed,and prickly : in fhape like thofe hurtfull engines in the warres, caft in the paflage of the e- iaeated tee 

| hemic to annoy the feet of their horfes,called Caltrops,whereof this tooke its name : within thefe a 

| heads or Nuts is contained a white kernell,intaftealmoft like the Chef-nut, which is reported to a HA CB 

be eaten greene,and being dried and ground to ferue in ftead of bread. ne 

¢ Thereare twoother plants which are found gtowing in many ponds and ditches of thig i 

| kingdome,both about London and elfe-where,and I will here giue you the figures out of Lobel and 


Glufivsand their deferiptions as they were fent me by M".Goodyer, who hath faved me the labour of 
defcribing them. 


Tribulus aquaticus minor quercus floribus,C Lufspe 2528 ite Te Gt 
- Pufillum fontila pathum,Lobel. if. 
f 3 ‘ ° ° “A !; 
2. This waterherbebringeth forth from the root,thin, flat,knottié ftalkes,of a reddith colour, } 
two orthree cubits long,or longer, according to the depth of the water(which when they are drie, 
are pliant and bowing) diuided towards the top into'man 


y parts or branches,bearing but one leafe De 
at euery 10int,fometimes two inches long,and halfe an inch broad thin, and as itwere fhining, fo 
) P) oO 2 2 oO 


Wrinckled and crompled by the ides that it feemeth to be torne, of a reddith greene colour ; the Lie 

foor-ftalkes are fomething long and thicke, and rife vp from amongft thofe leaues, which alwaics 
tow two one oppolit againft another,in a contrarie manner tothofe that grow belo on the ftalk: 
'neere the top of which foot-ftalke groweth {mal} grape-like huskes,out of which fpring very fmalJ 
| teddith floures,like thofe of the Oke, euery floure hauing foure very {mall round topped leaues ; 
after euery floure commeth ommonly foltre fharpe pointed graines growing together,containing 
within thema little white kernell. The lower part of the ftalke hath at euery ioint {mall white 
| threddie roots, fomewhat long,whereby it aketh hold in the mudde, and draweth nourifhmentvn- 
‘to it. The whole plant is commonty couered ouer with water. It floureth in Iuneand the beginning 
fofluly. I found it in the ftanding. pooles or fifh-ponds adioyning toa diffolued Abbey called 
Durford,which ponds diuide Ham phire and Suffex,and in other ftanding waters elfwhere. This ape 
'defcription was madevpon fight of the plant the 2.0f lune, réy2. 4 a 


Fribulus aquaticus minor ynufcatelle floribns, 


| 
a 


3 Thishath not flat ftalkes like the other, but round,kneed,and alwaies bearing two leaues at My 

"ellcry ioint,one oppofite againft another,ercener,fhorter and leffer than the other, fharpé pointed, 

‘not much wrinekled and crumpled by the edges, C/ufus faith, that they arenot at all crumpled. q 
Tneuer obferued any withous erumples and wrinckles : the floures grow on fhort {mall foor- 
{ftalkes,ofa whitith green coloitrlike thofe of Mufcatella Cordi,called by Gerard, Radix caya minima 
'wiridi flore - viz. two floures atthe top of cuery foot-ftalke, one oppofite againft another, euery 

(floute containing foure {mall Jeaues : which two floures beeing paft there come vp eight fmall 

EL ere huskes” 


—_———— 


824 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


1 Tribulus aquaticus. 


Water Caltrops. 


£37 vibulus aquaticus minor ,Mufcatelle flovibus. 
Small Frogs-Lettuce. 


$ 2 Tribulus aquaticus minor quercus floribus, 


rey water Caltrops,or Frogs-lettuce, 
olorwmoaedtorn 2 Sudo 


husks making fix feueral waies a {quare of 
flours. The roots are like the former. This 
groweth abundantly in the riuer by Drox- 
fordin Hampfhire. It floureth in Iune and 
Iuly when the other doth,and continueth 
couered over with water,greene,both win- 
terand Sommer.lohn Goodyer. $ 


@ The Place. 

Cordus faith that itgroweth in Germa. 
ny inmyrie lakes,and in citie ditches that 
have mud inthem:in Brabantand in other 
places of the Low-countries, it is found of 
tentimes in ftanding waters, and {prings: 
Matthiolus writeth,that it groweth nor ons 
ly in lakes of fweet water, butalfoin cer- 
taine ditches by the fea neere vnto Ve- 
“nice. 

| The Time. 

It flourifheth in Tune, Iuly, and Au- 
gut, 

a The Names. 

The Grecians call At radGonee trudper * the 
Latins, Tribulus aquatilis,and aquaticusand, 
Tribulus lacuftris :the Apothecaries, T ribta 
lus marinus:in High Dutch, matter nuts: 
the Brabanders, mater noten 3 and of the 
likeneffe of yron nailes, Qpinebitfers ¢ 
the | 


Lis.2, Of the Hiftory of Plants. | 825 


| the French men,Macres : in Englifh itis named water-Caltrops, Saligot, and W/ater-nuts :moft 
do calithe frust of this Caltrops, Caflance aquatiles, onwatet Chef-nuts. 
4) The Temperature. ; Og 
Water Caltropisofacold nature, it confifteth ofa mioift effence, which in this is more wate- 
tie than in the land Caltreps,wherein an earthic cold is pred’minant,as Galen faith, 
@ The Vertues. 


or hot fwellings: boiled with honie and water, it perfectly healeth caakers in the mouth, fore gums, 
and the Almonds of the throat. 

The Thracians,fatth P/inie,that dwell in Strymona, do fatten their horfes with the leaues of Sa- B 
ligot,and they themf{elues do feed ofthe kemels,making very {weet bread thereof; which bindeth 
the belly. 

The green nuts or fruit of Tribulus aquaticus,or Saligot,, being drunke in wine, is good for them C 
which are troubled with the ftone and grauell: 

The famedrunke in like manner, or laied outwardly to the place, helpeth thofe that are bitten D 
with any venomous beatt,and refifteth all venome and poifon. 
| — Theleaues of Saligot be giuen againft all inflammations and vicers of themouth, the putrifae E 

&ion and corruption of the iawes,and againft the Kings euill. 
| A pounder made of the nuts’ is giuen.to fuchas piflebloud,and are troubled with gtauell; and F 
it doth bind the belly very much. 
| +  Thetwoleffer water Caltrops here defcribed are in my opinion muchagreeable in temper G 
tothe great one, andare much fitter Swccidanca for it then Aron, which fome in the compofiti- 
on of Vaguentim Agripps haue appointed for it. $ : 


‘ 


Crap. 299, Of water Sengreene, or frefb water Soldiers 


| Militaris Aizoides. 
Freth water Soldier. | The Defcription. 
Vinedcoles Aocole &A . 

FRet water Soldier or water Houfleeke; 

hath leaues like thofe of theherbe Aloe,or 
Semper vivums; but fhorter and leffer,fetround 
about theedges with certaine ftiffe and {hore 
prickles: among{t which eommeth fotth di- 
uiers cafes orhuskes, verie like ynto crabbes 
¢lawes : out of whieh when they open grow 
white floures,confifting of three leaues, alto. 
gether like thofe of Frogs-bir, hauing in the. 
middle. little yellowith thieds : in ftead of 
foots there be long {trings, tound,white, veri¢ 
like to great Harp-ftrings, or to long wormes, 
which falling downe from a fhort head that 
brought forth the leaues, go to the bottom of 
the water,and yet be they feldome there fate. 
ned : there alfo grow from the fame other 
firings aflope, by which the plant is multipli- 
éd atter the manner of Frogs-bir, 

a The Place. 

+ I found this growing plentifully in the 
ditches about Rotfeya fmal village in Holder- 
heffe. And my friend M‘. Wiliam Broad obfer- 
ued it inthe Fennes in Lincolne-fhire. + The 
Teaues and floures grow vpon the top of the 
water, and the roots are fent downe through 
the water to the mud. 

q TheTime. 2 
> Iefloures in Iune,and fomerimes in Auguit, 
E223 G thé 


The herbe vfed in manner ofa pultis, as: Dio/corides teacheth,is good againft all inflammations A 


% 26 Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants, Lis.2. 
* @ The Names, 

It may becalled Sedum aquatile,or water Sengreen, thatisto fay,of the likenefle ofherbe Aloe? 
which is alfo called in Latine Sedum : of fome, Cacré chela,or Cancri forficula : in Englith, VVater 
Houfleeke, Knights Pondwoort,and of fome;Knights water Sengreene, freth watér Soldiet,or wa- 
ding Pondweed:it feemeth to be Stratiotes aquatilis,or Stratiotes potamios,or Knights water W ound= 
woort,which may alfo be named in Latine Mélitaris aqdatica,and eMilitaris Aizoides, or Soldiers 
Yarrow; for it growerh in the water,and floteth vpomit,and if thofe firings which it fendeth to the 
bottome of the wat er be no roots,it alfo liyeth without roots, 

| The Temperature, 
This herbe is of acooling nature and temperament; 
The Vertues. 
A This Houfleeke ftaieth the bloud which commeth from the kidneies, it keepeth green wounds! 
from being inflamed,and it is goodagainftS. Anthonies fire and hot fwellings,being applied vn- 
to them: and is equall in the vertues aforefaid with the former. 


at Cuar. 300, Of Water Yarrow,and water Gillofloure. 


, ee ; i | t Viola paluftris. , + Viola Paluftris tenuifolia, 
ee Ie i ‘ Water Violet. nae The fmaller leaued water violet; 
} { ii i ie thos btertoe polustrcs. é 
Bai } 
| 
Hi | 
Pai 
j } 
: | } 
ia 
‘ 
Nhe hd 
i 
A Rl iy 
Best) j y i 
" ie Be 
We a ji i | The Defcription, 
: it 4 ' nN ai av a Pi . 
4 mde is ae z 4K 7 AterV iolct hath long and great iagged Icaues,very finely cut or rent like Yarrow, 
ee) A ae but fenaller:among which come vp {mall ftalkes a cubit anda halfe high, bearing 
; en ; ; _at the top final white floures like vato ftocke Gillofloures,with fome yellownes 
at taee kt UM i: inthe middle. The roots ate long and fimall like blacke threds,and at the end whereby they are fa- 
anh. eee ftened tothe ground they arewhite, and fhining like Chryftall. 


+, Thereisanother varietic of this plant,which differs from it only im that the leauesare much 
fmaller,as you may fee them expreft in the figure. £ 
‘ 


2 VVater 


Of the Hiftory of Plants, 


| Lina 
| 


ons like Fennell; but finelier iagged, fwimiming vpon the water, The root is fingle; long; and 
round, which brings vp aright ftraight and flender ftalke, fetin fundry places with the like leaues: 
but fmaller. The floures grow atthe top of the ftalke tuft fafhion,and like vnto the land Yarrow. 

3 This watet Milfoile differeth from all the kindes aforefaid, hauing aroot inthe bottom of 
the water, made of many hairy ftrings, which yeeldeth vp a naked flender ftalké within the water; 
and the reft ofthe ftalke which floteth vpon the water diuideth it felfe into fundry other branches 
and wings, whioh are bedafht with fine {mall iagged leaues like vato Cammomill, or rather re. 
fembling hairy taffels or fringe, than leaues. From the bofomes whereof come forth {malland ten. 
der branches, every branch bearing one floute like vnto water Crow-foot, white of colour, with 4 
little yellow in the midft : the whole plant refembleth water Crow-foor inall things faué in the 
| broad Icaues, 
¢ 4 There isanother kinde of water violet very like the former; fauing that his leaues are 
i much longer, fomewhat refembling the leaues of Fennell, fafhioned likevnto wings, and. the 
floures are fomewhat fmaller, yet white,with yellowneffe in their middles, and fhaped like thofe 
Of the laftdefcribed. And the feed alfo growes like vnto that of the Water Ranunculus , late de- 
feribed. 

5 There isalfo another kinde of water Milfoile, which hath leaues very like vnto water Vio- 
y let, fmaller, and not fo many in number: the ftalke is {mall and tender, bearing yellow gaping 
 floures fafhioned like a hood or the fmall Snapdragon which caufed Pewa to put vnto his name 
this additament Galericulatum, thatis, hooded, The roots are fmall and threddy , with fome few 
knobs hanging thereat like the founds of fith, 


2 Millefolinm agtiaticuin 3 Millefolium, fine maratriphyllon,flore cy ferviné 
Water Yarrow. Ranuncult aquatic, Hepatice facie, 

| Crow-foor, or water Milfoile. 

L4r-§ ALY A~ 


DAA 


_ + 6. Tothefemay we adde a {mall water Milfoile,fet forth by Clufiws. It hath round greene’ 

1 ftalkes fet with many ioynts, whereout come at their lower ends many hairy fibres, whereby it ta- 
| Keth hold of the mud : the tops of thefé ems ftand fome handfull aboue the water, and at each 
i doynt ftand fiuc long. finely winged leaues, very greene, and fone inch long ;which wax es eae 
efle, 


_ 


2 . Water Milfoile; or water Yarrow hath long and large leaues deepely cut with ma ny dinifi- 


LL . 


( 
V OSL 


p. 


r 
b 


828 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. == 3 Li B. 2. 


lefie, as they ftand higher or neerer the top of the ftalke : and at each of thefe leauies abourthe top 
of the ftem growes one fmallwhite floure confifting of fix little leaues ioyned together, and not 
opening themfelues : and thefe at length turne into little knobs,with foure little pointals landing 
ourofthem, Clufivs calls this Myriophyllon aquaticum minus. + 7 


+ 4 Millefolinm tennifolium. £ 5 cmulefolinm aluftre calericulatum, 

Fennell leaued water Milfoile. Hooded water Milfoile.’ 

Nitirevibmrias 4740 lqared 
q) / 


@ The Place, 

They be found in lakes and ftanding waters,or in waters that nun flowly : I haue not found fuch 
plenty of it in any one place, as in the water ditches adioyning to Saint George his field neere 
London. 

The Time. 

They floure for the mof part in May and lune. 

@ The Names. 

The firft is called in Dutch water Wuiolevian, that is to fay, Viola aquatilis: in Englifh , Water 
Gi!'oJoure,or water Violet: in French,Gyroflees @’ eane : Matthiolws makes this to be alfo Myrophyli 
frve-es,ora kinde of Yatrow, although it doth not agree with the defcription thereof ; for neither 
hath it one ftalkeonely, nor one fingle root,as Myriophyllon or Yarrow is defcribed to haue ; for the 
roots are fullof ftrings, and it bringeth forth many ftalkes. 

The fecond is called in Greeke mMvetounn : in Latine, Milefolinm, and cMyriophyllon, and alfo Su= 
percilium vencris in fhops it is vnknowne, This Yarrow differeth from that of the land: the reft 
are fufficiently fpokenofin their titles. 

q The NatureandVertues. 

Water Yarrow, as Diofcorides faith, is ofa dry facultie and byreafon that it taketh away hot 
inflammations and fwellings,it feemeth tobe of a cold nature ; for Déofcorides affirmeth,that water 
Yarrow is a remedie againft inflammations in greene wounds, ifwith vineger it be applied greene 
ordry ; and it is ciuten inwardly with vineger and falt, to thofe that haue fallen froma high place. 

Water Gillofoure or water Violet is thought to be cold and dry, yet hath it no vfe in phyficke 


atall, 
Cuar.. 


| 


lore: ae , Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


Cuar. 301. Of Ducks meate. 


Lens palufirés. Gq The Defiription. 
Ducks meate. 


Vckes meate is as itwere a certaine greene 
CoE ATA mofle, with very little round léaues of the 
Boece | fe i: bigneffe of Lentils: out of the midft where- 
: 5 ofon the nether fide grow downe very fine threds 
like haires, which are to them in ftead of roots: it 
hath neither ftalke, floure, nor fruit. 
@ The Place. 
It is found in pounds, lakes, city ditches; and 
in other ftanding waters euery where. 
@ The Time. 
The time of Ducks meate is knowne toal!: 
@ The Names, 

Duckes meate is called in Latine Lens lacustris, 
Lens aquatilis, and Lens paluftris : of the Apotheca- 
ries it is named Aqua Lenticula: in high-Dutch; 
Meerlinten ;inlow-Dutch, Haterlinters, and 
more viually Caden geuets, that is tofay, Anatum 
herba, Ducks herbe, becaufe Ducks doe feed there- 
on ; whereupon alfo in Englith it is called Ducks 
meate : fome terme it after the Greeke water Len- 
tils ; and of others it is named Graines. The Itali- 
ans call it Lent di palude : in French,Lentille d’ eaues 
in Spanith, Lenteias de agua. 

a] The Temperature. 

Galen {heweth that it iscold and moift after a 
fort in the fecond degree. 

a The Yertues. ; 

Diofcorides faith that it isa remedie againft all & 
manner of inflammations, Saint Anthonies fire, 
and hot Agues, if they be either applied alone, or elfe vfed with partched barley meale. Italfo 
knitreth ruptures in young children. : 

Ducks meate mingled with fine wheaten floure and applied, previaileth much againft hot fwel- g 
lings,as Phlegmons, Erifipelas, and the paines of theioynts, ~ 

The fame doth helpe the fundament fallen downe in yong children. c 


Cuar. 302. Of Water (row-fout. 


1 Ranunculus aquatilis, 


WVater €row-foot. 
plist ovel<s i 


va 
S 
Saal Da 


3B ii an 
Fay) 


2 


$30 “Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisa 


G| The Defcription, 


1 VV Crow-foot hath flender branches trailing far abroad, whereupon grow Jeaues 
vnder the water moft finely cut and iagged like thofe of Cammomill.. Thofe aboue 
the water are fomwhat round, indented about the edges, in forme not valike the {mal tender leaues 
ofthe mallow, but leffer : among which do grow the floures, fall, and white ofcolour , made of 
fine little leaues, with fome yellowneffe in the middle like the floures of the Straw-berry,and ofa | 
{weet fmell : after which there come round rough and prickly knaps like thofe ofthe field Crow- 
foot. The roots be very {mall hairy ftrings. 

+ There is fometimes tobe found a varietie of this, with the leaues leffe , and divided into. 
three parts after the manner ofan Tuy leafe ; and the floures are alfo much leffer, butwhite of cos 
Jour,witha yellow bottome. I queftion whether this be not the Ranunculus hederaceus Dale{champij, 
Pag. 1031. 0fthe hit. Lugd. £ 

2 There is another plant growing in thewater,of fmal moment, yet not amiffe to be remembred, 
called Hederula aquatica, or water Iuie: the which is very rare to finde; neuertheleffe I found it | 
once in aditch by Bermondfey honfe neere to London, and neuer elfewhere : it hath {mall threddy | 
ftrings in ftead of roots and ftalkes, rifing from the bottome of the water to the top ;wherunto are 
faftned {mall leaues fwimming or floting vpon the water, triangled or three cornered like to thofe : 
of barren Lute, or rather noble Liuerwort : barren of foures and feeds. 


2 Hedera aquatica, + 3 Stellaria aquatica. 


& Jater nie. Water Starwort. 
wma. Targultg —— 


iinininnn 


Hil 
iH yy 


3 There is likewife another herbe of {mall teckoning that floreth vpon the water, called Stella- 
7ha aquatica, Or water Star-wort, which hath many {mall graffie ftems like threds, comming from 
the bottome of the water ynto the vpper face of the fame: whereupon do grow fmal double Hloures 
ofa greenifh or herby colour. + Itake this Stelariato be nothing elfe but a water Chickeweed, 
which growes almoft in cuery ditch, with two long narrow leaues at each ioynt, and halfea dozen 
or more lying clofe together at the top of the water, in fafhion ofa ftarre: it may be feene in this 


elie e a end of Aprill and beginning of May : Thauenot yet obferued either the floure or feed 
thereof, + 


a The 


Fe oak ee 
Lis. 2. Of the Hittorie of Plants. 831 


q The Place, 
Water Crow-foot groweth by ditches and fhallow Springs, and in other moift and plathie 
| places. ; 
F G) The Time, 
It foureth in Aprill and May, and fometimes in Iune: 
q The Names. 

Water Crow-fooris called in Latine Ranunculus aquatilis, and Polyanthemum aquatile : in Eno- 
| lifh, Water Crow-foot, and white water Crow-foot :moft Apothecaries and Herbarifts do See 
| neoutly name it Hepasica aquatica,and Hepatica alba ; and with greatcr error they mix it in medicines 
| in ftead of Hepatica alba, or grafle of Parnaffus. + I know nonethat commit this great error here 

mentioned, neither haue I knowne either the one or the other ever vied or appointed in medicine 
| with vs in England, though Dodoneus (fromwhom our Author had this and moft elfe) doe blame 
| his countreymen for this miftake and error. + 
| G] The Temperature and Vertues, 
! + Water Crow-foot is hot, and like to common Crow-foot. 
| 
| 


Cuap, 303, Of Dragons. 


X Dracontinm matus, + 2 Dracontium minus; 
Great Dragons, ; Small Dragons. 


@] The Defcription, 


¥ He great Dragon rifeth vp with a ftraight ftalke a cubit anda halfehighor higher, 
thicke, round, {mooth, fprinkled with {pots of diuers colours, like thofe of the adder 

or fnake: the leaues are great and wide, confi(ting of feuen or more ioyned together 
tin order ; euery one of which is long and narrow, much like to che leaues of Docke, fmooth and 
flipperie : out of the top of the ftalke groweth a long hofe or huske greater than that of the Cuc- 
(kow pintle, ofa greenith colour without, and within crimfon,with his peftell which is blackith, 
long, thicke, and pointed like a horne ; the skin or filme whereofwhen the feed waxeth b ie reine 
| tretched 


fium : inhigh-Dutch, Hehlangenkraut sin low-Dutch, Speertoogtele + in French, Serpentaire = 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. ee He 9 


ftretched or broken afurdcr, there appearetli 
the fruit, like toa bunch or clufter of grapes ; 
the berries whereof at the firft be greene, aft 
terwards red and full of iuyce;in which is 
contained feed that is fomewhat hard : The 
root continueth freth, thicke, like to a knob! 
white, couered with a thin pilling,oftenctmes 
of the bigneffe ofa meane apple, full of white 
little threds appendant thereunto. 
2 Theleffer Dragon is like Avon or wake 
- - Robin, in leaues, hofe, or huske, peftell, and 
berries, yet ate not the leaties fprinkled with 
blacke but with whitith pots, which perifh 
not fo foone as thofe of wake-Robin, but en- 
dure together with the berries cuen vntil wing 
ter : thefe berries alfo be not of a deepered, 
but ofa colour enclining to Saffron. The root’ 
is not vnlike to the Cuckow-pint, hauing thei 
forme of a bulbe, full of ftrings , with diuers 
rude fhapes of new plants, whereby it greatly, 
: encreafeth, | 
45 + The figure which our Authour heere: 
. gaue by the title of Dracuatium minus, was no) 
te other than of Aron, which is defcribed in thei 
firft place of the next chapter: neither is the 
defcription of any other plant, than of that’ 
fort thereofwhich hath leaues fpotted either; 
with white or blacke f{pots, though our Au-| 
thor fay onely withwhite. I[haue giuen you) 
Clufius his figure of Arum ByXantinum, in ftead ofthatwhich our Author gaue. $ : 
3 Theroot ofwater Dragonis not round likea bulbe, but very long, creeping , and ioynted, 
and of meane bigneffe ; out of the ioynts wheredfarife the ftalkes of the leaues, which are round, 
fmooth, and fpongie within, and there grow downewards certaine white and flender firings. The 
fruit {prings forth at the top vpona fhort ftalke, together with one of the leaues, being at the be-} 
ginning couered with little white threds, which are in ftead of the floures: after that it groweth} 
into a bunch or clufter, at the firft greene, and when itis ripe,ted, leffer than that of Cuckow-pint,} 
but not leffe biting : the leaues are broad, greenith, glib, and fmooth, in fathion like thofe of Tuy, 
yet leffer than thofe of Cuckow-pint ; and that thing whereunto the cluftered fruit growes is alfo| 
leffer, and in that part which is towards the fruit (that is to fay the vppet part) is white. 
4 The great Dragon of cMatthiolus his defcription is a flranger not onely in England , but} 
elfewhere for any thing that we can learne: my felte haue diligently enquired of moft ftrangers 
skilfull in plants, that haue reforted vnto me for conference fake, byt no mancan giue me any cer=| 
taintie thereof; and therefore I thinke it amiffe to giuc you his figure or any defcription, for that 
Itake it fora feigned pidure. 


1 Dracunculus aquations 
Water Dragons. 


g 
pana 
OU 


@ The Place. 
The greater and the leffer Dragons are planted in gardens. The water Dragons grow in watery 
and marith places, for the moft part in fenny and ftanding waters. 
© The Time. 
The berries of thefe plants are ripe in Autumne. 
The Names. | 
The Dragon is called in Greeke sperma: in Latine, Dracuneulus. The greater’ is named Serpena) 
tariamaior : of fome, Bifaria,and Colubrina : Cordus calleth it Dracunculus Polyphyllos, and Luph ¢7i- 


in Italian, Dragontea : in Spanith, Taragontea : in Englifh, Dragons, and Dragon-wort, Apuleius) 
calleth Dragon Dracontea, and fetteth downe many {trange names thereof, which whether they a- 
gree with the greater or the leffer, or both of them, he doth net expound’; as Pythonton ,. Anchoma.\ 
nes, Sauchromaton, Therion, Schanos,Dorcadion, Typhonion, T heriophonon anc Eminion, Athenaus thew- 
eth, that Dragon is called Aronia, becaufe iris like to Avon, 
E Fhe Tentperature. : : 

Dragon,as Galen faith, hath a cerraine likeneffe with Aron or wake-Robin, bothin leaues, and} 


alfo in root, yet more biting and morebitter thanir,and therefore horter, and of thinner ak cs 
alc 


e 


& es OF the Hiftory of Plants. 


alfo fomething binding, which by reafon thar it is adjoined with the two former qualities, that is 
to fay, biting and bitter, is is made in like manner a fingular medicine of very great efficady. 


© The Fertues, 


The root of Dragons doth clenfeand feoure all the entrailes, making thinne, efpecially thicke A 


and tough humours ; and itisa fingular remedy for vicers that are hard to be cured, named in 
Greeke saxoian, 


It feoureth and clenfeth mightely, afwell {uch things as haue need of {eouring,asalfowhite p 


and blacke morphew, being tempered with vineger. 

The leaues alfo by reafon that they are of like qualitie are good for vlcers and greene wounds : 
and the leffe dry they are, the fitter they be to heale; for the dryer ones ‘are of a more {harpe or bi- 
ting quality than is conuenient for wounds. 


The fruit is of greater operation than cither the leaves or the root : and therefore it is thought G 


a) 


tobe of force toconfume and take away cankers and proud flefh growing inthe noftrils; called in 
Greeke Polypus : alfo the juice doth clenfeaway webs and fpots in the eies. 


Furthermore, D/ofcorides writeth, that it is reported that they who haue rubbed theleaues or D 


toot vpon their hands, are not bitten of the viper. 

Pliny faith, that ferpents will not come neere vnto him that beareth Dragons about him, and 
thefe things are read concerning both the Dragons, in the two chapters of Déofcorides. 

Galen alfo hath made mention of Dragon in his booke of the faculties of nourifhments,where 
he Yaith, that the root of Dragon being twice or thrice fod, to the end it may lof all his acri- 
mony or fharpeneffe, is fometimes giuen as Aron, or wake-Robin is; when it is needfull to 
expell the more forceable thicke and clammy humours that are troublefometo the cheft and 
lungs. ‘ 


And Diofcorides writeth, that the root of the leffer Dragon being both fodde and roftwith G 


honie, or taken of it felfe in meate, caufeth the humours which fticke fat in the cheft tobe eafily 
voided, 


The juice of the garden Dragons, as faith Diofcorides, beitig dropped into the eles, doth clenfe H 


them, and greatly amend the dimneffe of the fight. 

The diftilled water hath vertue againtt the peftilence or any peftilentiall feuer or poifon, being 
drunke bloud-warme with the beft treacle or mithridate, 

The {mell of the floures is hurtfull to women newly conceiued with child. 


Of Cockow pint, or wake-Robins 


q The Defcriptions 


t rim or Cockow pint hath great, large; {mooth;fhining, tharpe pointed leaues,befpat- 
ted hereand there with blackifh {pots, mixed with fome blewneffe: among which 
rifeth vp a ftalke nine inches long, befpeckled im many places with certaine purple 

{pots. It beareth alfoacértaine long hofe or hood, in proportion like the eare ofan hare’: in the 
middle of which hood commeth forth a peftle or clapper of a darke mutrie or pale purple colour : 
which being paft, there fucceedeth in place thereof a bunch or clufter of berries in manner of a 
bunch of grapes, greene at the firft, but after they be ripe of a yellowifh red like coralljand full of 
pith,with fome threddy additaments annexed thereto. 

2 Thereis in Agyptakinde of Usrum which alfo is tobe {eene in’ Aftica,and in certaine 
places of Lufitania, about tiuers and floods,which differeth from that which groweth in England 
and other parts of Europe. This plant is large and grear, and the leaucs thereof are greater than 
thofe of the water Lillie: the root is thicke and tuberotis, and toward the lower end thicker and 
broader, and miay be eaten. It is reported to be without floure and feed, but the increafe that it 
hath is by the fibres which runne‘and {pread from theroots. + This plant hath alfo peftells and 
clufters, of berryes as the common Aron, but fomewhat different, the leaues are notcut into the 
falke, but joined before the fetting thereto: the root alfo'is very large. Thofe that defire to fee 
more of this plant, and the queftion which fome have mooued, whither this be the Colocafia, or 
Faba ¢yptia of the Antients ? let them hatie recourfe to the firft chapter of Fabius Columns his 
Ainus cognitarum firipium pars altera, and there they thall finde fatisfa@ion. + 
Acaaa @, The 


E 
F 


I 
K 


834 «== Of theBliftoryof Plans. Linea. 
Pll seit tia mn -- ERE 7s y 


a Arum vulgare, £ 2 Arum Aeyptiacum, 
Cockow pint. egyptian Cockow pint. 


2 


COTO CAAA: o&Cecttuta 


q@ The Place. 
_ Cockow pint groweth in woods neere’vnto ditches vnder hedges, euery where in thadowic 
places. 

G TheTime. 

The leaues appeare prefently after winter:the peftell fheweth it felfe out of his huskeor fheath 
in Iune,whileft the leaues are in withering : and when they are gone, the bunch or clutter of ber- 
ries becommeth ripewhich is in Iuly and Auguft. 

| The Names, 

There groweth in Aigyptakinde of Aron or Cuckow pint which is found alfo in A frica,and 
likewife in certaine places of Portingale neere vnto riuers and ftreames, that differeth from thofe 
of our countries growing, which the people of Caftile call manta denueftra fenova : mot would 
haue it tobe called ee Diofcorides {aith that Colocafia is the root Of Faba eAigyptia, or the 
Beane of Egypt. $ Fabius Columna (in the place formerly alledged) prooues this not tobe the 
true Coloca(ia,and yet Projper Alpinus fince in his fecond booke de plantis exoticis, cap. 17.and 18. la- 
bours to proue the contrary : let the curious haue recourfe to thefe, for it is too tedious for me in 
this place to infift vpon it, being fo large a point of controuerfie, which hath fo much troubled 
all the latewriters. £ 

The common Cuckow pint is called in Latine, Arum : in Greeke, én: in fhops,larws,and Barba 
Aron:of others, Pes vituli: of the Syrians, Lwpha: of the men of Cyprus, Colocafia,as we finde a- 
mong the baftard names, Pliny in his 24. booke,1 6. chapter,doth witneffe, that there is great diffe- 
rence betweene Ayon and Dracontinn:, although there hath been fome centrouerfie about the fame 
among the old writers, affirming them to beallone: in high Dutch it is called, spatter pint sin 
Italian,Gicora : in Spanith, Yaro : inlow Dutch, Calfguoet sin French, Pied d’veae : in Englifh, 
Cuckow pint, and Cuckow pintle,wake-Robin, Priefts pintle, Aron ; Calfes foor, and Rampe,and 
of fome Stratchwoort. 

: @ The Temperature, 

The faculties of Cuckow pint doe differ according to the varietie of countries : for the root 
hereof,as Galen in his bookeof the faculties of nourifhments doth affirme,is fharper and more bi- 
ting in fome countries than in others,almoft as much as Dragons; contrariwife in’ Cyrena city in 
Africke, it is generally inall places hot and dry, at the Icaft in the firft degree. oe 
qize 


Lin. 2. , OF the Hiftory of Plants: ; r 835 
@ The Vertues, i 


Ifany man would haue thicke and tough humours which are gathered in the cheft ahd Itine's to 
beclenfed and voided out by coughing, then that Cuckowpint is beft that biteth mot W509 At 
| Itis eaten being fodden in two or three waters, and freth put to, whereby it may lofe his acri 
)+ monie ; and being fo eaten, they cut thicke humors meanely, but Dragons is better for the famé 
purpofe. ; ce 
Diaftorides (heweth, that the leaues alfo are preferued tobe eaten, and that they mutt be caten 
aftet they be dried and boyled ; and writeth alfo, that the root hath a pectiliarvertue againtt ha 
gout, being laid on ftamped with Cowes dung. i 
Beares after they haue lien in their dens forty dayes without any manner of fuftenance buewhat 
they get with licking and fucking their owne feet,do as foone as they come forth eate the fldibe 
Cuckowpint, through the windie nature whereof the hungry gut is opened and made fit SEM td f 
receitie ftrftenance : for by abftaining from food fo longa time, the guris fhrunke or diemrid fo Faby a! eam 
clofe together; that ina manner it is quite fhut vp, as Ariftorle, Aibianus, Plutarch, Pliny, and others ee a 
do write. ; hy Pye 
The mioft pure arid white ftarch is made of the roots of Cuckowpint.; but ritoft hurtfull to the Bi 
hands of the Laundreffe that hath the handling of it, for it choppeth, bliftereth, and maketh the i | 
hands rough and rugged, and withall {marting. ‘ : ; 


i 
if 
i 
ee 
. 
™~ } t \ of } : e ; 
Cua. 305. Of Friers Cowle, or hooded (uckowpint. te 
I Arifarum latifoliam. 2 Arifarum anguftifolinm. ' p A 
Broad leaued Friets Cowle. Narrow leaued Friers Cowle. i f i i vig | 
| Vid 
i 
t 
sees 


@ The Defiription. F 


i Road leaued Friers hood hath a leafe like Iuy,broad and fharpe poimted,but far leffe,ap- ea 
proching neere tothe forme of thofe of Cuckowpint : the ftalke thereof is {mall and ie hea 

be {lender : the huske of hofe is little , the peftel fmall, and of a blacke purplith colour ; hea) he 
the clufter when it isyipe is red , the kernels fmall ; the root white, hauing the forme of Aron or 


Cuckowpint, but leffer, whereof doubtleffe it is akinde. 
Aaaa 2 a The : Oe 


3 = = 
SS SSS 


se ee 


$36 Of the HitoricioG Plane. cae ee 


2  Thefecond Friers hood hath many leaues, long and narrow, {mooth and glittering : The 
huske or hofe is narrow and long ; the peftell thatcommeth forth of itis flender, in forme like a 
great earth worme, of a blackith purple colour, as hath alfo the infide of the bofe, vpon which, 
hard tothe ground, and fometimes a littke within the ground, groweth acertaine bunch or clufter 
of berries, greene at the firft, and afterwards red ; the root is round and white like the others. 

@ The Place. 

Thefe plants are ftrangers in England, bur common in Italy, and efpecially in Tufcane about 
Rome, and in Dalmatia, as Aloifins Anguillara witneffeth ;:notwithftanding Ihave them in my 
Garden. 

a The Time, 
The floures and fruit of thefe come to perfection with thofe of Cuckowpintand Dragons. 
Gq The Names. A 

Friers hood is called of Diofcorides, ‘actven : in Latine, Arifarum : but Pliny calleth it-aes, or Aris. 
for in his twenty fourth booke, cap. 16. he faith, That Aris which groweth in Egypt is like Aron 
or Cuckowpint : it may be called in Englith after the Latinename Arifarum sbut in my opinion 
it may be more fitly called Friers hood, or Friers cowle,towhich the floures feeme to be like ; 
whereupon the Spaniards name it Frazlillos,as Dale{champivs noteth. 

q| The Temperature. 
Friers-Cowle is like in power and facuitie to the Cuckow-pint, yet is it more biting, as Galen 
faith. 
q The Vertues. 

There is no great vfe of thefe plants in phyficke ; bur it is reported that they ftay running pr ea- 
ting fores or vicers :and likewife that there is made of the roots certaine compofitions called in 
Greeke Collyria, good againtt fiftula’s :and being put into the fecret part of any liuing thing, it rot- 
teth the fame, as Diofcorides writeth. j 


+ That which was formetly figured and defcribed in the third place, vnder thetitle of Arifarina latifolium Matthioli, was the fame withthat defcribed by the 
name of Dracontium mmma, in the precedent chapter, and therefore here omitted, 


Cuap. 306. Of cA fwabacca. 


1 4 [arum. 2 Afarina Matthioli, 
Afarabacca, Italian Afarabaeca. 


orn ells OP MAA MAL 


| 


: 


| 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


@| The Defiription. 


I He leaues of Afarabacca are fiooth, ofa deepe greene colour, rounder, droader; and 
tenderer than thofe of Iuy, and not cornered atal!, not vnlike to thofe ot Sow-bread: 
the floures lie clofeto the roots, hid wander the leaues, ftanding vpon flender foot- 

ftalkes, ofan ill fauoured purple colour, like ro the floures and husks of Heubane,but lefle where. 
in are contained fimall feeds, cornered, and fomewhat rough : the roots are many, fmall and flen- 
der, growing aflope vader the vpper eruft of the earth, one folded within another, of an vapleafane 
tafte, but of a molt fweet and pleafing fmell, hauing withall a kinde of biting qualitie. 

2 This ftrangekinde of Afarabacca, which matthiolus hath fet forth creeping on the ground, 

im manner ofour common Aftrabacca, hath Jeaues fomwhat rounder and rougher,fleightly inden- 
ted about the edges, and fet vpon long flender foot-ftalkes : the floures grow hard vnto the ground 
like vnto thofe of Cammomill, but much lefler, ofa mealy or dufty colour, and not without finel, 
The roots are long and flender, creeping vnder the vpper cruft of rhe earth, of a fharpe tafte, and 
bitterwithall. ~ This Afarina of Atatthiolus, Clufies (whofe opinion I here follow) hath iudged 
tobe the Txlazo Alpina 2. ofhis defcription; wherefore I giue you his figure in ftead of that of 
our Author, which had the floures expreft, which this wants. ¢ 
| The Place, 
Tt delighteth to grow in fhadowie places, and is very common in nioft gardens, 
gy The Time. 
The herbe is alwaies greene ; yet doth icin the Spring bring forth new leaues and floures, 
i ey The Names, 

Itis called in Greeke ‘song, Afarum : in Latine, Nardws ruftica : and of diuers, Perpen(a: Perpen[d 

is alfo Baccharis in Pliny, 46, 21 .cap.21. Maccr faith, That Afarum isealled Yuégago, in thefe words : 


Eft Afaron Grace, Vulgago digea Latin; 


This herbe, 4/aroz do the Grecians name ; 
Whereas the Latines /ulgago clepe the fame, 


Itisfound alfo amongft the baftard names, that itwas called of the great learned Philofophers 
“ava tae: that is, Martes favquis, orthebloud of Mars : and of the French men Baccar ; and thereup- 
on it feemeth that the word 4/arabaccacame,which the Apothecaries vfe, and likewife the com: 
mon people: but there is another Baccharis differing from Afarum , yet nowwithftanding Cratenas 
doth allo call Baccharis, Afarum 

This confufion ofboth the names hath been thecaufe,that moft could not fufficiently expound 
themfelues concerning 4 farwm and Baccharss and that many things haue beene written amiffe in 
many copies of Déofcorides, inthe chapter of Afarum : for when it is {et downe in the Greek copies, 
a feet {melling garden herbe, it belongeth not to the defcription of this 4farum, but to that of 
Bazchary : for Afarum (as Pliny faith) is focalled , becaufe it 1s not put into garlands :and fo by 
that meanes it came to paffe, that oftentimes the defcriptions of the old Writers were found cor- 
rupted and con‘ufed : which thing,as itis in this place manifett, fo oftentimes it cannot fo eafily 
be marked in other places. Furthermore, 4/arum is called in French Cabaret - in high. Dutch, i934 
zeltourts ¢ in low-Dutch, Mans oozen 3 in Englith, A farabacca,Fole-foot,and Hazel-wort. 

@) The Temperature. 

The leaues of A farabacca are hot and dry, with a purging qualitieadioyned thereunto, yet not 
without a cértaine kinde of aftriction or binding. The roots are alfo hot and dry, yet more than 
the leaues ; they are of thinand fubtill parts : they procure vrine, bring downe the defifed ficknes, 
and are like in facultie,as Galen faith, to the roots of Acorws, but yet more forceable ; and the roots 
of Acorus are alfo of a thinne effence, heating attenuating,drying, and prouoking vrine,as he affir- 


f to) 
meth : which things are happily performed by taking the roots of Afarabacea, either by them: 
felues, or mixed with other things. 
Gi The Vertues. 5 ; 

The leaues draw forth by vomit,thicke phlegmaticke and cholericke humours, and withall 
moue the belly ; and in this they are more forecable and of greater effe@ than theroots them- 
felues. t 

They are thought to keepe in hard fielling cankers that they encreafenot, or come tO'extlce- 
ration, or creeping any farther, if they be outwardly applied vponthe fame. 

The roots are good againft the ftoppings of the liver, gall, and {pleene, againft wens and hard 
fwellings, and agues of long continuance: but being takenin the greater quantitie, they purge 
fleome and choler not much leffe than the leaues (chouzh Galen fay no) by vomit efpecially , and 


alfo by fiege. 
Aaaa 3 One 


bed 


apt nog te 


a. 


eee ES 


a2 Se een 


838 a Of the Hittory of Plants. Laka, 


One dram of the pouder of the roots ginen to drinke in ale or wine, groflely beaten, prouoketh 
vomit for the purpofes aforefaid ; but being beaten into fihe pouder, and fo lulen, it purgeth very 
little by vomit, butworketh moft by procuring much vrine therefore the eroffer the pouder is, 
fo much the better. 

But ifthe roots be infufed or boyled, then muft two, three, or foure drams be put to the infugi 


it= 
il 


on , and of the leaues eight or nine be fufficient : the iuyce of which ftamped with fome liquid 
thing, istobe giuen. The roots may be fteeped inwine, but more effectually in whay 
water, as 4efies teacheth. 

The fame is good for them that are tormented with the Sciatica or gout in the buckle bones, 
for thofe that haue the dropfie,and for {uch alfo as are vexed witha quartaine ague,who are cu 
and made whole by vomiting. 


red 


Cuar. 307. Of Sea Binde-weed. 


1 SoldancHa marina. $ 2 Soldanella Alpina maior. 


Sea Binde-weed. Mountaine Binde-weed, 
Counvolr uhh i$ Vo loloanre Clon 


ne 
sritiaenstest 


seasagnaaast a EAESE 


@ The Defeription, 


I Oldanella or Sea Binde-weed hath many {mall branches, fomwhat red, trailing vpon the 

S ground, befet with {mall and round leaues, not much vnlike Afarabacca, or the leaues 

of Ariftolochia, but fmaller ; betwixt which leaves and the ftalkes come forth floures 

formed like a bell, ofabrightred incarnate colour, in euery re{pect anfwering the fmall Binde- 

weed, whereof it isakinde, albeit I haue here placed the fame, for the reafons rendred in my 

oeme. The feed is blacke, and groweth in round huskes : the root is long and {mall thrurfting it 
felfe far abroad, and into the earth like the other Binde-weeds. 

2 Soldanella or mountaine Binde-weed hath many round leaues {pred vpon the ground, not 

mutch valikethe former,but rounder,and more full of veines,greener,ofa bitter tafte like fea Binde- 

weed :among which commeth forth a fmalland tender ftalke a handfull bigh, bearing at the top 


little floures like the {mall Bell-floure,ofa sky colour. The root is {mall and threddy, 


£ 3° There 


or Lonied © 


Lis.2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: A. 


¢ 3 There is of this kinde another ha- 
uing all the parts fmaller,and the leayes edder 
and rounder : the floures alfo blew,and compo- 
fed of one leafe diuided into fiue parts and fic- 
ceeded by a longith codjround and fharp pein- 
ted, a : 


£ 3 Soldanella Alpina minor. 
Small Mountaine Bindweed. 


@ The Place, 

The fir crows plentifully by the Sea fhore 
in moft places of England, ef{pecially ncere 
Lee inE flex, at Merfey in the fame countic, 
moft places of the [flegf Thanet, and Shepey, 
and in many places along the Nort:ern coat. 
- The fecond groweth vpon the mountains of 
Germanie,and the Alpes, it groweth vpon the 
mountains of VVales, not far from Cowmers 

Meare in North-Wales. 


@ TheTime. 

Thete herbes do Roure in June, and are oz. 
thered in Augutt to be kept for medicine, 

| The Names. 

The firft called Soldanella is of the Apothe- 
caries and the Antients called Marina Braffica, 
: that isto fay,Sea Co'ewoort : but whatreafon 

hath moued them fo to doe I cannot conceitie,vnleffe itbe penurte and {carfitie of names,and be- 
caufe they know not otherwife how to terme it: of this T am fure,that this plant and Brafiica are no 
more like than things which are moft vnlike ; for Braffica Marinais the Séa Colew oort,whichdoth 
much refemble the garden Cabbage or Cole,both ia fhape and in nature,as I haue in his due place 
expreffed. A great fault and ouerfight therefore it hath been of the old writers and their fuccef- 
fors which haue continued the cuftome of this error,not taking the paines to diftinguith a Binde- 
weed from a Cole-woort. But toauoid controuerfies,the truth 1s,as I haue before fhewed,that this 
Soldanella is a Bindeweed,and cannot be eftcemed for a Braffica,that is a Colewoort.The later Her: 
barifts call it Soldana,and Soldanella : in Dutch, Zeewind, that is to fay, Convoluulus Marinus : of 
Diofcorides xpiucn2arxccit, (1) Braffca Marina sin Englith, Sea V Vithwinde, Sea Bindweed,Sea-bels, 
Sea-coale,offome, Sea Fole-foot,and Scottith Scuruie-grafle, 

The fecond is called Soldanella montana : in Englith, Mountaine Bindweed. 

@ The Nature. 
SeaBindeweed is hot and drie in the fecond degree: the fecond is bitter 
q Thevertues. 

Soldanella purgeth downe nyightily all kinde of watrith hu mours, and openeth the ftoppings of & 
the liver,and is giuen with great profit againg the dropfie: but it mul be boiled with the broth 
of fome fat meat or fléfh,and thebroth drunke, or elfe the herbe taken in pouder worketh the like 
effet. 

Soldanella tniteth the ftomack,ind tyoubleth the weake and delicate bodies w 


and very aftringent, 


hich doc receiue it Br 
| in pouder,wherefore aduice muft be taken to mix the faid pouderwith Annife fecds, Cinnamon, 

| ginger,and fugarwhich {pices do correc his malignitic. 
Practitioners about Aufputge and Rauifpurge (cities of Germanic) do greatly boaft that they C 
! 

| 

| 


lat tne lea 


vpon the nauell and fomiewhat lower, draw forth water from their bellies thatate hydroptike; 
that is, troubled with water orthe dropfie: this effe& it worketh in other parts without heating, 

It doth alfo wonderfully bring fleth in wounds, and healeth them, 

Diofcorides witneffeth, that the whole herbe is an enemie tothe to cke, biting and extremely 
| purging (both fodden,and taken with meat)and bringetl troublefome gripings thereunto, and 
« doth oftentimes more hurt than good, : 
| £ My friend Mr. Goodyer hathtold me, that in Hamp fhire at Chi 
t make vfe of this for Scuruie-graffe, and that nor without great errou 
t ties mayeafily perceiue. 


S . 
haue done wonders with this herbe soldanella montana; {aying that the leaues taken andemplaiftred 


fterand thereabour they F 
tas any that know the quali- 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Cuar. 308. Of the Grafe of Parnaffus, 


TX Gramen Parnaffi. £ 2 Gramen Parnafii flore duplici. 
~_ Graffe of Parnaffus. Grafle of Parnaffus with double floures. 


) \ ate VL ys tou \p als fos 


Papers Seeds 


ae 


q The Defcription . 


I ‘He Graffe of Parnaffirs hath fmall round leaues,very much differing from any kind of 
Grafie,much refembling the leaues of Tute,or Afarabacca, but {maller, and not of fo 
darke a colour: among thefe leaues {pring vp {mall ftalkes a foot high, bearing little 
| Daa white floures confifting of fiue round pointed leaues ; which beeing falne and paft, there come vp 
round knops or heads,wherein is contained a reddith feed. The root is fomewhat thicke, with ma- 
ny ftrings annexed thereto. 
4 2 The fecond kinde of Gramen Parnaffi doth anfwer the former in each refpect, fauing thatthe | 
i Icaues are fomewhat larger,and the floures double,otherwife verie like. 
i | The Place. : 
| The firft groweth very plentifully in Lanfdall and Crauen, in the North parts of England, at 
Doncafter,and in Thornton fields in the fame countrie : moreouer in the Mooreneere to Linton, 
| by Cambridge,at Heffet alfo in Suffolke, ata place named Drinkftone, in the medow called But- 
| 
} 


chers mead. + M*.Goodyer found it in the boggy ground below the red well of Wellingborough in 
Northampton fhire : and M', William Broad obferued it to grow plentifully in the Caftle fidlds 
of Berwickevpon Tweed. + 
The fecond isa ftranger in England. 


@ The Time. 
Thefe herbes do floure in the end of Iuly,and their feed is tipein the end of Auguft. 
@] The Names. 

Valerius Covdus hath among many that haue written of thefe herbes faid fomething of them to 
good purpofe, calling them by the name of Hepatica alba (whereof without controuerhe they are : 
ha kindes) in Englifh,white Liueiwoort :although there is another plart called Hepatica alba, which 

i! - for 


Lis 2. ‘Of the Hiftorie of Plants. , 84i 


for diftin@ion fake I haue thought good to Englith,Noble white Liu erwoort 
The fecond may be called Noblewhite Liuerwoortwith the double doure. 
j @ The Nature, 
The feed of Parnaffus Graffe,or white Liuer-woort,is drie, and of fubtill parts. 
q The Vertues. 
The deco&ion of the leaues of Parhaffus Graffe drunken, doth drie and ftrengthen the feeble 4 
and moift ftomacke, ftoppeth the bellie, and taketh away the defire to yomite. 4 
' The fame boiled in wine or water,and drunken,efpecially the feed thereof, prouoketh vrine,brea- B 
‘Aeth the ftone,and driueth it forth. 


J The ge cae wasformerly in the firft plate of this Chapter was Of nifoliamdefctibed before, cap.g0.p ie-4o9sthat which was in the fecand place belonged 
tothe firlWecfcription. E 8 


_ —— ee 


a 3 oe p 


Cuar. 309. Of white Saxifrage,or Golden Saxifrage, 
@ The Defcription, j 3 


I He white Saxiftage hath round leaues {pred vpon the ground, and fomewhat iagged Bit titi 
about the edges,not much vnlike the leaues of ground Iuie,but fofter and fmaller and ear aita } 
of a more faint yellowifh greene : among which rifeth vp a round hairie falke a cu- Hil 1 
| bit high,bearing at the top {mall white floures,almoft like Stockgillofloures : the root is compact 
| of anumber of blacke ftrings,whereunto are fattened very many fmall reddith graines or round 


} roots as bigge as pepper cornes, which are vfed in medicine, and arecalled Semen Saxtfrace alba . Bd { 
thatis , the feede of white Saxiftage , or Stone-breake, although (befide thefe forefaid round SPAN a he 
| pa it hath alfo fmall {eed contained in little huskes, following his floure as other hetbes 1} ; 
aue. ; ; Mg 


1 Saxifraga alba, 2 Saxifraga aurea. Bh aay hy 


White Saxifrage. Golden Saxifrage, j fit a AER 
Chn4 tos parce 1A oppestifokicr pe : { j } 


ped 
ipl 
an 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Ts una! 


2 Golden Saxifrage hath round compaf. 
Saxifraga albapetréa, fed leaues,bluntly indented about the borders : 
White Rocke Saxifrage. like the former, among which rife vp ftalkes a: 
handfull high, at the top whereof grow two or 
three little leaues together : out of the middle: 
of them {pring {mall floures ofa golden color, 
after which come little husks, wherein is con-. 
tained the red feed,not vnlike the former: the- 
roote is tender, creeping in the ground with 
long threds or haires. 

# 3. Ponahath fet forth this plap by the: 
name of Saxifraga alba petraa, and therefore T) 
have placed it here; though I thinke Imight: 
more fitly haueranked him with Paronychia ru. 
taceo folio formerly defcribed. It hath a fmall 
fingle root from which arife diuers fat longith 
Jeaues ,fomewhat hafry,and diuided into three 
parts ; amongft thofe rifes vpa round knottie; 
ftalke,roughith, and of a purplith colour, fome; 
halfe foot high,diuided into fundry branches, 
which carry white floures, confifting of fiue; 
leaues apiece, with fome yellowthh threds int 
their middles : thefe falling,there remaines a: 
cup containing a very {mall feed. It floures at) 
the end'of Iune in the fhadowie places of the; 
Alpes,whereas Pova firft obferued it, + 


@ The Place. 

The white Saxiftage groweth plentifully, 
in fundrie places of England, and efpecially in} 
df Bei a field on the left hand ofthe high way, as you. 

i goe from the place of execution called Saint) 
eae Thomas Waterings vnto Dedford by London. It groweth alfo inthe great field by Iflington cal- 
! i led the Mantles: alfo in the greene places by the fea fide at Lee in Effex,among the ruthes,and in 

{ fundrie other places thereabout, andelfe where. + Italfo growes in Saint Georges fields behinde| 
Southwarke. + 

The gotden Saxiftage groweth in the moift and marith grounds about Bathe and Wels,alfo in | 
the Moores by Bofton and Wishieh in Lincolnfhire: ¢ and M*.George Bowles hath found it grow- | 
ing in diuers woodsat Chiffelhuift in Kent: M'.Goodyeralfohath obferued it abundantly on the, 

thadowie moift rockes by Mapledurham in Hampfhire : and Ihaue found it inthe like places in 
. Yorkfhite. + 
1 i ¢ a} The Time, 

Thewhite Saxifrage flourcth in May and Iune : the herbewith his floure are no more feen vn- | 
till the next yeare. 

|| The golden Saxifrage floureth in March and Aprill. 
a | The Names. 
The firtt is called in Latine Saxifraga Alba: in Englifh,white Saxiftage, or white Stone-breake : 
The fecond is called Golden Saxiftage,or golden Stone-breake. 
a @ The Nature. 
1 goa The firft of thefe,efpecially the root and feed thereof,is ofa warme or hot complexion. 


Golden Saxiftage is of a cold nature.as the tafte doth manifeftly declare. 
@ The Vertues. 

The root of white Saxifrage boiled inwine and drunkeft, préuoketh vrine, clenferh the kidneis | 
and bladder,breaketh the ftonejand driueth it forth,and is fingular good againft the ftrangurie,and / 
allother griefesand imperfeétions inthe reines. ; 

B _ Thevertuesof golden Saxiftage are yet vnto vs vnknowne,norwitftanding Iam of this minde, } 
that itis a fingular wound herbe,equall with Sanicle. 


CuaPe 


OF the Hiftory of Plants. a 


e” 
ni 
oo 

. 

» 


eg ee 
Cuar. 310 Of Sow-bread, 
© The Defcriptions 
1 He firft being the common kinde of Sowbread, called in {hops Pari porcinus,and Ars 


thanitashath many greene and round leaues like vato A farabacca, fauing that the vpper 

part of the leaues are mixed here and there confufedly with white fj pots, and vader 

| the leaues next the ground ofa purple colour : among which rife vp ‘tittle ftemines Like vato the 
ftalksOfviolets,bearing at the top {mall purple Houres,which rurne themfelues backward (beeing 
full blowne)likea Turks cap,or Tulepan,of a {mall fent or {auour,or none at all : wh ch being patt 
there fucceed little round knops or heads which containe flender browne feedes: thefe knoppes 


1 Cyclamen orbiculsto folio. ang ‘yclamen folio Hedepe, : 
* Round Sowbread. ‘Iuie Sowbread. 


= 
‘ 

S&S 
A 
¥ 3 Cyclamen Vernum, Spring S 
\ \ 


$44 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. isla. 


are wrapped after a few daies in the finall ftalkes,as thred abouta bottome,where it remaineth fo 
defended from the iniurie of Winter clofe vpon the ground, conered alfo with the greene leaues a. 
forefaid,by which meanes it iskept from the froft,euen from the time of his feeding,which is in | 
September vntill Iune : at which time the leaues do fade away,the ftalkes and feed remaining bare | 
and naked, whereby it inioyeth the Sun(whereof itwas long deprived) the fooner to bring them — 
unto maturitie: the root is round like a Tumep,blacke without and white within,with many fmal_ 
ftrings annexed thereto. 


+ 4 Cyclamen Vernum albuwa, £ 5 (40 Cyclameinos altera, bederaceis 
White floured Sowbread. Solis plantas 


3 The fecond kinde of Sowbread, hath broad leaues {pred vpon the ground, fharpe pointed, 
fomewhat indented about the edges, of a darke greene colour,with fome little lines or ftrakes of 
white on the vpper fide,and of a darke reddih colour on that fide next the ground: among which] 
rife vp flender foot-ftalks of two or three inches long: at the tops whereof ftand fuch floures as the | 
precedent,but ofa fweeter {mell;and more pleafant colour. The {eed is alfo wrapped vp in the ftalle) 
for his further defence againft the iniurie of winter. The root is fomewhat greater,and of more vers) 
tue,as fhall bedeclared. | 

3, There is athird kinde of Sowbread that hath round Jeaues without peaked corners,as the laft| 
before mentioned, yct fomewhat fnipt about the edges,and fpeckled with white about the brimsi 
of the leaues,and of a blackith colour in the middle:the floures are like tothe reft, but of a deeper: 
purplesthe root alfo like,but fmaller,and this commonly floures in the Spring. 

+ 4  Thisinleauesand roots is much like the laf defcribed, but the floures are {maller,fnow! 
white,and fiveet {melling. There arediuers other varieties.of thefe plants, which I thinke it not: 
neceflarie for me to infit vpon: wherefore I referre the curious to the Garden of floures fet forth: 
by M’. John Parkin fon,where they fhall finde fatisfaction. + 

5 Thereisa plant which I haue fet forth in this place that may very well becalled into que-( 
ftion,and his place alfo,confidering that there hath been great contention about the fame, and not! 
fully determined on either part,which hath moued me to place him with thofe plants that moft do} 
refemble one another,both in {hape and name:this plant hath greene cornered Jeaues like to i 
one 


} was called Cyclamen vernum:and {o doth alfo the fourth, 


._ ir __ 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. _ Shs 


long and finall gaping floures like the {mall Snapdragon : niore hath not been faid of this 
either of ftalke or roor,but is left vnto the confideration Of the learned. 

¢ Theplantwhich our Author hete would acquaint you with,is that which Zobe/ figures with 
this title which I here giue, and faith it was gathered among ft other plants on thehils of Ita! y.but 
in what part or place,or how growing he knew not; and he onely queftions whether it n AM 
the Cyclaminos altera Of Diofcorides,lib.2.cap.195. + 

q] The Place. 

Sow- bread groweth plentifully about Artoies and Vermandois in France, and in the Foreft of 
Arden,and in Brabant : but the fecond groweth plentifully in many places of Italie. 

It is reported ynto mee by men of good credit, that Cyclamen or Sow-bread groweth ypon the 
mountaines of Wales ; on the hils of Lincolnfhite,and'in Somerfetthire by the houfe of'a gentle- 
man called M'.Ha/es; vpona Fox-borough alfonot far from M'. Bamfieldssneere-to a towne called 
Hardington. The firft two kindes do grow in my garden,where they profperwell.+ I cafinot learne 
that this growes wilde inEngland. ¢ 


plant; 


ty not be 


| The Time, 

Sow-bread floureth in September when the plant is without leafe,which dothafterwards {pring 
vp,continuing greene all the Winter, coucring and keeping warme the {eede yntill Midfommer 
next,atwhat time the {eed is ripe as aforefaid. The third floureth inthe {pving, forwhich cuufe ic 

q The Names, : 

Sow-bread is called in Greeke wmeums: in Latine,Tuber terre,and Terre rapumn : of MaPbelluc, Or- 
bicularis : of Apuleius,Palalia,Rapum Porcinum,and Terra malum:in thops,Cyclamen,Panis porcinus, and 
Arthanita: in Ltalian\Pan Porcine : in Spanith, Mazan de Puerco : in High Dutch, DSchweinbeot 3 
in Low Dutch, Getc&ing beoot sin French,Pain de Porcean : in Englith, Sow- bre 
the colour of this floure in Latine, Colofinus color : in Englith,Murrey colour, 

@| The Nature. 

Sow-bread is hot and drie in the third degree. 

@ The Vertues, ‘ 

The root of Sow. bread dried into pouderand taken inwardly in the quantitie of adram anda A 
halfe,with mead or honied water, purgeth downeward tough and sroffe flegme, and other fharpe 
humours. 

The fame taken in wine as aforefaid, is very profirableagainft all poifon, and the bitings of ve- 8 
nomous beafts,and to be outwardly applied to the burt place. # 

The pouder taken as aforefaid, cureth the iaundife and the {toppings of the liuer, tak 
the yellow colour of the bodie, ifthe patient after the taking hereof be caufed to fweat. 

The leaues ftampedwith honie,and the iuice put into the eies,cleereth the fight,taketh away al D 
fpots and webs, pearle or haw,and all impediments of the fight,and is put into that excellent oint- 
ment called Vnguentum Arthanite. 

The root hanged about women in their extreame trauél! with childe, caufeth chem tobe deli. © 
uered incontinent,and taketh away much of their paine, ‘ 

The leaues put into the place hath the like effet, as my wife hath prooued fundrie times vpon FP 
diuers women,by my aduife and commandement, with good fucceffe. 

The inice of Sow-bread doth open the Hemorrhoids,and caufeth them to’ flow beeing applied G 
with woollor flocks. 

It is mixed.with medicines that confume or watte away knots,the Kings euill, and otherhard 4 
fwellings:moreouer it clenfeth the head by the noftrils, it purgeth the belly being annointed ther. 
with,and killeth the childe. It is a ftrong medicine to deftroy the birth, being put vp asa peflarie. 

It feoureth the skin,and taketh away Sun-burning,and all blemifhes of the face, pilling of the 
haire,and marks alfo that remaine after the fmall pocksand mefels : and given in wine to drinke,it 
maketha man drunke. 

The decoétion thereof ferueth asa good and effe@uall bath for members out Of ioint,the gout, K 
aud kibed heeles, 

The root being made hollow and filled with oile, clofed with a little wax,and roftéd in the hot Le 
embers,maketh an excellent ointment fot the griefes laft rehearfed. 

Being beatenand madevp into trochifches,or little flat cakes, itis reported tobea good amorous M’ 
Medicine to make one in loue if it be inwardly taken. 
@| The Danger. 

Itisnot good for women with childe to touch or take this herbe,or tocome neere vnto it,or 
ftride oner the fame where it groweth, for the naturall attra tiue vertue therein contained is fuch, 
that without controuerfie they that attempt it in maner abouefaid, thal! be delinered before their 
Bbbb’ 


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846 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lis. | 


time : which danger and inconvenience toauoid, I haue (about the place Where it groweth in my) 
garden) faftened {ticks in the ground,and fome other ftickes I haue faftened alfo crofle-waies ouer 
them,le{t any woman fhould by lamentable experiment finde my words tobee true, by their ftep- | 
ping Ouer the fame. Tee : } s Ete | 
- £  liudge our Author fomething too womanith in this,that is, led more by vain opinion than; 
by any reafon or experience,to confirme this his affertion, which frequent experience fhews tobe, 
vaine and friuolous,efpecial ly for the touching, ftriding ouer,or comming neete to this herbe. £ 


Cuapr. 311. Of Birthwoorts. 


q The Kindes. 


Irthwoort,as Diofcorides writeth, is of three forts,long ,round,and winding : Plinichath addeda 
fourth kinde called Pi/folochia, ox little Birthwoost, The later writers haue ioined vnto them a 
fifth,named Saracens Birthwoort. 


1 cAriffolochia longa, 2 Ariftolochiavotunda, 
Long Birthwoort: Round Birthwoort. 


EX 2 
AK 


Wy 
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Ny 


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tira 


@ The Defcription. 


t Ong Birthwoort hath many {mall long flender ftalkes creeping vpon the ground, tane 

Lat one with another very intricately,befer with round leaues not much vnlike Sow- 

bread or Iuie, but Jarger, of a light or ouerworne greene colour, and ofa gricuous or 

Jothfome fmelland fauour : among which come forth Jong hollow floures, not much vnlike the 

floures of Aron, but without any peftell or clapper in the fame;of a dark purple colour: afterwhich 

do follow fmall fruit likevnto little peares,containing triangled feeds of a blackith colour. The 
root is long,thicke,of the colour of box, ofa ftrong fauour and bitter tafte. 

2 Theround Birthwoort in ftalkes and leaues is like the firft, but his leaues are rounder : the 

floures differ onely in this,that they be fomewhat longer and narrower,and ofa faint yellowith co- 

four,but the fmall flap or point of the floure that rurneth backe againe, is ofa darke or blacke pur- 


ple 


me B. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. aii | ia 


3 


i ple colour. The fruit is formed like a peare,tharpe toward the top,mote ribbed ee fuller than the 
& tormer ; the root is round like vnto Sow-bread, in tafte and fanour like the former, 


h 

t 3 Arifvolochia clematits, Climing Birthwoorrs 
4 

{ 

i WONG 

i : ESSN 

i 


£ 4. Aviffolochra Saracenica; & 5 Piftolochia, 
Saracens Birthwoort, ; .,_ Smal] Birthwoort; 
dnsnaws Clenwptes 


3 Climing Birthwoort taketh hold of any thing that is next vnto it,with his long and clafping 
ttalks,which be oftentimes branched, and windeth it {elfe like Bindweed : the ftalks of the leaues 
| ‘ate longer,whofe leaues be {mooth,broad,fharpe pointed, as be thofe of the others : che floures 
likewife hollow,long,yellow,or ofa blackith purple colour : the fruit differeth not from that of 
| theorhers : but the roots be {lender and very long,fometimes creeping on the top of the earth,and 
fometimes growing deeper,being of like colour with the former ones. 
4 There is a fourth kinde of Birchwoort refembling the reft in leaues and branched ftalkes, yet 
Bbbb 2 higher 


848 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lin. 2. 


higher,and longer than either the long or the round:the leaues thereof be greater than thofe of 4/a. 
rabacca;the floures hollow,long,and in one fide hang ing ouer,of a yellowith colour:the fruit is long 
and round like a peare,in which the feeds lie feuered,of torme three fquare, of an ill fauored blac- 
kith colour:the toot is fomewhat long,oftentimes of a mean thicknefle,yellow like tothe colour of 
Box,not inferior in bitterneffe either to the long or to the round Birthwoort:and fometimes thefe 
are found to be {mall and flender,and that is when they were but lately digged yp and gathered:{for 
by the little parcels of the roots which are left,the young plants bring forth at the beginning ten- 
der and branched roots. 

5 _ Small Birthwoort is like to the long and round Birthwoort both in ftalkes and leaues, yet is 
it leffer and tenderer: the leaues thereofare broad,and like thofe of Iuie: the floure is long, hollow 
inthe vpper part, and on the outfide blackifh: the fruit fomething round like the fruit of round 
Birthwoort : in ftead ofroots there grow forth a multitude of flender firings. 


+ 


+ 6 Piftolochia Cretica fine Virginiana, Virginian Snake-roor. 


$ 6 Clufiu figures and defcribes another {mal Pi/folochia by the name of Piftolochia Cretica,to | 
which I thought good toadde the Epithite Virginia"@lfo , for that the much admired Snakeweed 
of Virginia {eems no otherwife to differ from it tharf an inhabitant of Candy from oneofthe Vir- | 
ginians,which none I thinke will fay to ditfer in /pecie. will firft gine Clufiws hisdefeription,and | 
then expreffe the little varietie that I haue obferued in the plants thatwere brought from Virgi- | 
bs nia,and grew here with vs:it {ends forth many flender ftalks a foot long,more orleffejand thefe are | 
cornered or indented, crefted, branched, tough, and bending towards the ground, or {pred thereon, 
bid | and ofa darke green colour: vpon which without order grow leaues,neruous,and like thofe of the 
Jaft defcribed,yet much fharper pointed, and after a fort refembling the fhape of thofe of Smilax 
afpera, but leffe,and of a darke and lafting greene colour, fattened to longith ftalkes : out ofwhofe 
| Ca Ga | bofomes grow long and hollow crooked Houres,in fhape like thofeof the long Birthwoort, but | 
ie ofa darker red on the outfide,but fomewhat yellowifk within ; and thefe are alfo faftened to pret- 
ty long ftalks;and they are fucceeded by fruit,nor vnlike,yet leffe than that of the long Birthwort. | 
This hath abundance of roots, like as the former,but much {maller,and more fibrous,andofa ftron- | 
i} i ger fmell, It floures in July and Auguft. Thus Clufiws defcribes his,to which that Snakeweed that 
; i was brought from Virginia,and grew with M°. Zohn Tradefcant at South-Lambeth, 47. 1632. was _| 
Ai aR agrecable in all points,but hereand there one of the lower leaues were fomwhat broader and roun- _ | 
CREO Mg der pointed than the reft : the floure was long,red, crooked,anda little hairie,and it did not open 
f i the top, or fhew the inner Gde,which I iudge was by reafon of the coldneffe and vnfeafonableneffe 
Hoi of the later part of the Sosner when it floured : the ftalks in the figure fhould haue been expreft 
td ike y pi! more crooking or indenting, for they commonly grow fo. How hard it is to iudge ofplants byone | 
, particle or facultie may very well appeate by this herbe I now treat of : for fome by the fimilitude 
the root had with 4/arw,and a vomiting qualitie which they attributed to it (which certainly is 
Wa no other than accidental!) would forthwith pronounce and maintaine itan Afarum:fomealfo refer 
4 : itto other things,as to Primrofes,¥ incitoxicum,&c.Others more warily named it Serpentaria Virgt- 
sianaand Radix V irginiana,namesas itwere offering themfelues and eafilyto be fitted and impofed. 
vpon fundry things, but yer too generall,and therefore not fitany more to be vied, feeing the ttue | 
‘ and fpecifick denomination is found.t 
iy q The Place. 
hi Pliny theweth,that the Birthwoorts grow in fat and champion places,the feldes of ss 
ul 


a 


: 


849 


They floure in May, lune,and Iuly. 
© The Names. 

Birthwoort is called in Greeke anmega: in Latine likewife Ariffolochia,becaufe it is dpce axle nore: 
that is to fay,good for women newly brought abed,or deliuered with childe:in Englifh,Birthwort; 
Hartwoort,and of fome, Ariftolochia. 

The firft is called C47itolochia longa,or long Birthwoort, of the forme of his root, and likewife 
Ariftolochia mas,or male Birthwoort : the fecond is thought to be Femina or female Birthwoort,& 
itiscalled Rotunda Ariftolochia,or round Birthwoort: of divers alfo Terre malum;the Apple of the 
earth: yet Cyclaminus is alfocalled Terre malum,or the Apple of the earth. 

G The Temperature. 

All thefe Birthwoorts are of temperature hot and drie,and that inthe third degree, hauing be- 
fides a power toclenfe. 

@ The Vertues. 

Diofcorides writeth,that a dram weight of long Birthwoort dtunke with wine and alfo applied,is A 
good againft ferpents and deadly things : and that being drunke with myrthe and pepper, it expel- 
Jeth whatfoeuer is left in the matrix after the childe is deliuered,the flourcs alfo & dead children: 
and that being put vp in a peffarie it performeth the fame. 

Round Birthwoort ferueth for all thefe things, and alfo for the reft of the other poifons:it is B 
likewife auaileable againft the ftufling of the lungs, the hicket,the fhakings or fhiuerings ofagues, 
hardneffe of the milt or {pleene,burftings,cramps,and couvulfions, paines of the fides if ibe drunk 
with water. 

It plucketh outthornes,fplinters,and fhiuers,and being mixed in plaifters, or pulteffes,it draws CG 
forth {cales or bones,remoueth rottenneffe or corruption,mundifieth and feoureth foule and filthy 
vicers,and filleth them vp with new fefh,if ic be mixed with Ireos and honie. 

Galen faith,that branched Birthwoort is of amore {weet and pleafant fmell : and therefore is v- 
fed in ointments, but it is wea’cer in operation than the formerones, 

Birtbwoort,as Pliny writeth, being drunk with water isamoit excellent remedie for cramps and 
convulfions,bruifes,and for fichas haue falhe from high places. 

It is good for them that are (hort-winded,and are troubled with the falling fickneffe. 

The round 4r7/toochia doth beautifie,clenfe,and faftenthe reeth,ifthey be often fretted or rub- 
bed with the pouder thereof. 

+ The roor of the Virginian P/ffolochiawhich is ofa fttong and aromaticke fent,is a fingular & 
much vfed Antidote againft thebite of the Rattle-fnake, or rather Adder or Viper, whofe bite is 
very deadly,and therfore by the prouidence of the Creator he hath ypomhis tailea skinny dry fub- 
ftance parted into cels which containe fome loofe,hard drie bodies that rattle in them (as if one 
fhould put littleftones or peafe into a ftiffe and very dry bladder) that fo he may by this noife giue 
warning of his approch,the better to be auoided; but if any be bitten,chey know,nor ftand‘in need 
of nobetter antidote,thanthis root,which they chew,and apply to the wound,& alfo {wallow fome 
of it downe,by which means they quickly ouercome the malignitic of this poifonous bite, which 
otherwife ina very fhort time would proue deadly.Many alfo: ommend the vfe of this againft the 
plague,fmall pox,meafels,and fuch like maligne and contagious difeafes. + 


Cuar. 312... Of Violets. 


The Kindes. 

Here might bedeferibed many kinds of flourés vnder this name of yiolets,iftheir differences 
fliould be more curioufly looked into than is neceffarie:for we miglifioine hereunto the {tock 
Gillofloures,the Wall floures, Dames Gillofloures,Marians violets,and likewife fome of the bul- 
bed foures,becaufe fome of them by Theophraffus are termed Violets. But this was not our charge, 
holding it fufticient to diftinguith and diuide them as neere as may bein kindred and neighbour- 
hood ; addreffing my felfe vnto the Violets called the blacke or purple violets, or March Violets 
of the Garden,which haue a great prerogatitc aboue others,not onely becaufe the minde concei- 
yeth a certaine pleafure and recreation by felling and handling of thofemoft odoriferous flours, 
butalfo forthat very many by thefe Violets receine ornamentand comely grace: for there bee 
made of them Galands for the head,Nofe-gaies, and poefies, which are delightfull to looke on, 


& OF mM 


: and pleafant to fmellto, fpeaking nothing of their appropriate vertues ; yea Gardens themfelues 
i recelueby thefe the greateft otnament ofall,chicfeft beautie and moft gallant grace, and the re- 


creation 


Bbbb 3 


850 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz.2. 
creation ofthe minde which is taken hereby, cannot be but very good and honeft: for they admo- 
nifhand {tir vp aman to that which is comely and honeft,for floures through their beautie, variery 
of colour,and exquifite forme,do bring toa liberall and gentle manly minde,the remembrance of 
honeftie,comelineffe,and all kindes of vertues. For it would be an vnfeemely and filthie thing(as 
a certaine wife man faith) for him that doth looke vpon and handle faire and beautiful! things and 
who frequenteth and is conuerfant in faire and beautifull places,to haue his minde not faire, but 
filthie and deformed. 


| The Defcription. 


I He blacke or purple Violet doth forthwith bring from the root many leaues, broad 
| fleightly indented in the edges,rounder than the Jeaues of Iuie: among the midit wher. 
of {pring vp fine {lender ftems,and vpon euerie one a beautifull floure fiveetly fmelling , of a blew 
darkith purple,confifting of fiue little leaues, the loweft whereof is the greateft; and after themdoe 
appeate little hanging cups or knaps,which;when they be ripe,do openand diuide themfelues in- 
tothree parts. The {eed is fmal],long, and fomewhat round withall, The root confifteth of many 
threddie ftrings. 


1 Violanigrafive purpurea. 2 Viola flore albo, 
The purple Garden Violet. Tlewhise Garden Viole. 
Vile Ne Wedred(” eu! Ny (bCoL fiesoleezoeles jie he pa 


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2. Thewhite garden Violet hath many milke white floures,in forme and figure like the precee 
dent: the colour of whofe floures efpecially fetteth forth the difference. y | 
3, The double gardenviolet hath Jeaues,creeping branches, and roots like the garden fingle vi- 
olet ; differing in that,that this fortof Violet bringeth forth moft beautifull {weet double floures, 

and the other fingle. 

4.. The white double Violet likewife agreeth with the other of his kinde,and only differeth in 
the colour. For as the laft decribed bringeth double blew or purple floures:contrariwife this plant 
beaseth double white floures,which maketh the difference. 

5. The yellow Violet i by nature one of the wilde Violets, for it groweth feldome any where 
but vponinof high and crageic mountains, from whence it hath bin diuers times brought into the 
garden,but itcan hardly be brought to culture,or grow in the garden without great induftrie. And 
by the relation of a Gentleman often remembred, called M'. Thomas Hesketh, who found it 
growing 


Lis. 2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. es S51 


3 Violamartia purpurea multiplex. 5 Viola martia lutea, 
The double garden purple Violet. Yellow Violets. 


Ru, 


4 
: 

ti 
4 


+ 6 Viola canina fylucftris, ‘ 
Dogs Violets, or wilde Violets. 
BY it > : 
CBC ar COWmunrcrr 


VU 
£3, 


growing vpon the hills in Lanca hire,neere ynto, 
a village called Latham ; and though he brought 
them into his garden, yet they withered and pi- 
ned. Thewhole plant is defcribed to be like vn- 
to the field Violet, and differeth from it, inthat 
this plant bringeth forth yellow flaures, yer like 
in forme and figure, but without fell. 

6, The wilde field Violet with round leaues 
rifeth forth of the ground fro n a fibrous root, 
with long flender branches, whereupon do grow 


eS 


| pe round fmooth leaues. The floures grow at the 
} — ( Sas top of the ftalkes,ofa light blew colour: + and 
W\\ ff AN) sar \\ za this growes commonly tn Woods and fuch like 

<a th => places, and floures in uly and Auguft. There is 


another varietie of this wilde Violet,which hath 
the leaues longer, narrower,and {harper pointed, 
And this was formerly figured and defcribed in 
this place by our Author, + 

7  Thete is foundin Germanie about No- 
remberg and Strasborqugh, a kinde of Violet 
which is alrogether a ftranger in thefe parts. It 
hath (faith my Author) a thicke and tough root 
ofa wooddy fubftance, from which rifeth vp 2 
ftalke dividing it felfe into diuers branches, of a 
wooddy fubftance ; whereupon grow long iag- 
pee ged leaues like thofe ofthe Panfey. The floures 
grow at the top,compaé of fiue leaues apiece,of 
a watchet colour. 


q The 


scaeeetneneesnnetirenntenenmnmemenemee 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


q The Place. 
The Violet groweth in gardens almoft cucry where :the others which are ftrangers haue beene 
touched in their defcriptions. ! ‘ 
q The Time. 
The floures for the moft part appeare in March, at the fartheft in Aprill. 
4 The Names. 

The Violet is called in Greeke lw: of T heophraftus,both “tor pars, AN Manav iey in Latine, Nigra viola, 
or blacke Violet, of the blackifh purple colour of the floures. The Apothecharies keepe the La. 
tine name Viola, but they callit Herba Violaria, and Mater Violarum : in high-Dutch, Blan Wiel ¢ 
in low-Dutch, Wioletett : in French, Violette de Mars - in Italian, Violamammola : in S panith,V zoe. 
ta: in Englifh, Violet. Nécander inhis Geoponickes beleeueth, (as Hermolaus fheweth) that the 
Grecians did call itt, becaufe certaine Nymphs of Ionia gaue thar floure fir to Zupiter. Others 
fay it was called tw, becaufe when Iupiter had turned the young Damofell Zo,whom he tenderly Jo- 
ued, intoa Cow, the earth brought forth this floure for her food : which being made for her {ak e, 
receiued the name from her; and thereupon it is thought that the Latines alfocalled it Viola me 
though they fhould fay /twla, by blotting out the letter ¢, Seruius reporteth, That for the fame 
caufe the Latines alfo name it Vaccinium, alledsing the place of Virgil in his Bucolicks : 

Alba liguflra cadunt vaccinia nigraleguntur. 
Notwithftanding /zgd/ in his tenth Eclog fheweth, that Yaccisinm and Viola do differ. 

Einigre viola funt, & vaccinia nigra, 
} Vitruvius alfoin his feuenth booke of Archite@ure or Building doth diftinguith Viola from 
Vaccinium : for he theweth that the colour called Sile Atticum, or the Azure of Athens, is made ex 
Viola; and the gallant purple, ex Yaccinio. The Dyers, faith he, when they would counterfeit szi-, 
or Azure of Athens, put the dried Violets intoa fat,kettle,or caldron,and boyle them with water : 
afterwards when it is tempered they poure it into a linnen ftrainer , and wringing it with their 
hands, receiue intoa mortar the liquor coloured with the Violets ; and fteeping earth of Erethria 
init, and grinding the fame, they make the Azure colour of Athens. After the fame manner they 
temper Vacc/nivm, and putting milke vnto it, do makea gallant purplecolour. But what Vaceinig 
are we will elfewhere declare, 

q The Temperature. 
The floures and leaues of the Violets are cold and moift. 
q The Vertues. 

The floures are good for all inflammations, efpecially of the fides and lungs ; they take avy 
the hoarfeneffe of the cheft, the ruggedneffe of the winde-pipe and iawes, allay the extream heat: 
of the liner, kidneyes, and bladder ; mitigate the fierie heate of burning agues , temper the tha 
neffe of choler, and take away thirft. 

There isan oyle made of Violets, which is likewife cold and moift. The fame being anointed 
vpon the tefticles, doth gently prouoke fleepe which is hindred by a hot and dry diftemper : mix- 
ed or laboured together inawoodden difh with the yelke ofan egge, it affwageth the pain of the 
fundament and hemorrhoides : itis likewife good to be put into cooling clifters, and into pultef- 
{es that coole and cafe paine. 3 

But let the oyle in which the Violets be fteeped be either of vnripe olives, called Omphacinum, 
or of fiweet Almorids, as Mefies faith,and the Violets themfelues muft be frefh and moift : For | 
being dry, and hauing loft their moifture, they doe not coole, but feeme to have gottena kinde 
of heate. 

The later Phy fitians do thinke it good to mix dry Violets with medicines that are-to comfort 
and {trengthen the heart. 

The leaues of Violets inwardly taken docoole, moiften, and make the belly foluble. Being out- 
wardly applied, they mitigate all kinde of hot inflammations, both taken by themfelues,and alfo 
applied with Barley floure dried at the fire, after it hath lien foking in the water. They are likewife 
faid vpon a hot ftomacke, and on burning eyes, as Galen witneffeth. Diofcorides writeth , that they 
be moreouer applied to the fundament that is fallen out. 

They may helpe the fundament that is fallen out, not asa binder keeping back the fundament, 
but asa fuppler and a mollifier. Befides, P/izy faith that Violets areas well vfed in garlands , as 
fmelt vnto ; and are good againtt furfeting, heauineffe of the head and being dried in water and 
drunke, they remoue the Squinancie or inward fwellings ofthe throat. They cure the falling fick- 
neffe, efpecially in yong children, and the feed is good againft the ftinging of Scorpions, 7 

There is a fyrrup made of Violets and Sugar, whereof three or foure ounces being taken at one 
time, foften the belly, and purge choler. The manner to make it is as followeth. 

Firft make of clarified fugar by boyling a fimple fyrrup ofa good confiftence or meane thicke- 
nefle, whereunto put the floures cleane picked from all manner of filth, as alfo che white ci 
nippe 


rp = 


é 


Line 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 

i) nipped away,a quantitie according tothe quantitie of the fyrrup, to your owne difcretion,where- 

fin letthem infufe or fteepe foure and twenty houres, and fet vpon a few warme embers. then ftraj n 

§ it, and put more Violets into the fame fyrrup: thus do three or foure times, the oftner the better . 

then fcc them vpona gentle fire to fimper,but not to boyle in any wife: fo haue you it fimply made 

9 ofamoft perfe& purple colour,and of the fmell of the Hloures themfelues. Somedo adde thereto 

§ alittle of the inyce of the floures in the boyling, which maketh ir of berter force and vertue. Like- 

| wife fome do pura little quantitie of the iuyce of Lymons in the boyling, which doth greatly en- 

j creafe the beauty thereof, but nothing at all rhe vertue. 

There is likewife made of Violets and fugar certain plates called Sugar Violet,or Violet tables, f 
or Plate, which is moft pleafant and wholefome, efpecially it comforteth the heartand the other 

| inward parts. HY 

| The decoGion of Violets is good againft hot feuers, and the inflammation ofthe litter and all K ¥ 
Other inward parts ; the like propertie hath the inyce, fyrrup, or conferue of the fame. ib 

Syrtup of Violets is good againft the inflammation of the lungs and breft,againtt the pleurifie [; hie 

and cough, againft feuers and agues in yong children, efpecially ifyou put vnto an ounce of Syr- 

| up eight or nine drops of oyle of Vitrioll, and mix it together, and giue it to the childea {poone- 

1 fullat once. | ae 

The fame giuen in manner aforefaid is of great efficacie in burning feuersand peftilent difea- M oat a an 


853 


fes, greatly cooling the inward parts: and it may feeme ftrange to fome, that fo fhatpe a corrofiue 
as oyle of Vitriol fhould be giuen into the body ; yet being delayed and giuenas aforefaid, fiick- ; 
jing children may take it without any perill. yd 
The fame taken as aforefaid cureth all inflammations of the throat, mouth, uvula, {quinancie, N Ad j " 
and the falling euill in children. : ee | 
Sugar-Violet hath power toceafe inflammations, roughneffe of the throat, and comforteth the oO wey 
H heart, affivageth the paines of the head, and caufeth fleepe. , ti a 
The leaues of Violets are vfed in cooling plaifters, oyles, and comfortable catapla{mes or pul- p } 
teffes , and are of greater efficacie among other herbes, as Mercurie, Mallowes, and fuch like > in 
clifters, for the purpofes afore faid, . 


Crap. 313. Of Hearts-eafe, or Panjies. | 
, @| The Defcription. 


4 : : | 
1 He Hearts-cafe or Paunfie hath many round leaues at the firft comming vp ; afterward At EL 

they grow fomewhat longer, fleightly cur about the edges, trailing or creeping vpon hay eee 
the ground, The ftalkes are weake and tender, whereupon do grow floures in torme FEE i 

and figure like the Violet,and for the moft part of the fame bigneffe, of three fundry colours; iy 

whereof it tooke the fyrname Tricolor,that is to fay, purple, yellow, and white or blew : by reafon Bie Uh 

ofthe beaury and brauerie of which colours they are very pleafing to che eye, for fmell they haue hae 

fittle ornone at all. The {eed is contained in little knaps, of the bigneffe ofa Tare, which come ae ae 

| forth after the floures be fallen, and do open of them felues when thé {ced is ripe. The root is no- ae 

j thing elfe butas it were a bundle of threddy ftrings. We a 

2 .Thevpright Paunfie bringeth forth long leaues deépely cut in the edges, fharpe pointed,of 

| ableake or pale greene colour, fet vpon flender vpright ftalkes, cornered, ioynted, or kneeda foot fh 

| high or higher ; whereupon do grow very faire floures of three colours, viz, of purple, blew, and ! 

| yellow, in fhape like the common Hearts-eafe, but greater and fairer : which colours are fo exeel- 

) tently and orderly placed, that they bring great dele@ation to the beholders, hough they haue 

) Jittleorno {mell ar all. For oftentimes it hapneth, that the vppermoft floures are differing from’ 

| thofethat grow vpon the middle of the plant, and thofe varie from the lowermoft, as Nature lift 

to dally with things of fuch beatiry. The feed is like the precedent. 

3 The wilde Paunfie differeth from that of the garden, in leaues, roots, and tender branches: 
| the floures of this wilde one are of a bleake and pale colour, far inferiour inbeauty to that ofthe 
| Sarden, wherein confiftcth the difference, ' i 
| 4 Stony Hearts-eafe isa bafeand low plant: The leaues are rounder, and not fo much cut a- | 
boutthe edges as the others : The branches are weake and feeble, trailing vpon the ground : The Wy 
floures are likewife of three colours, that is ro fay, white, blew, and yellow,void of fmell. The roor 
perifheth when it hath perfe ted his feed, ’ : , Pr 

§ There is found in fundry places of England a wilde kinde hereof, bringing floures ofa faint | 
yellow colour, without mixtute of any other colour, yethauing a deeper yellow {pot in the lane ft is 

Ieafe 


Liz.2. 


1 Violatricolor. 
Hearts-eafe, 


Np lo ticle poe 


tag Af Hi) ie 3 Violatricolor fylueftris, 
| : Wilde Paunfies. 

} 

H 


854. oe Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


2 Vivlaaffurgens tricolor. 
Vpright Hearts-eafe, 


Vir 


Sli 


¢ 
Y 
/ 


AG SS 
ey) ae 
4, Violatricolor petraa. 
Stony Hearts-eale, | 
Uce 4 Pine thicoklor ; ¥ | 


Lis.2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 855 


|e < : : ah aia ee 
| leafe with foute or fiue blackith purple lines, wherein it differech from the other wilde kinde: 


= : 
ang 


j this hath beenie taken of ome yong Herbarifts to be the yellow Violet, 
q The Place, , 
. The Hearts-eafe groweth in fields in many places, and in gardens alfo, and that oftentimes of 


} 
| itfelfe: itis more gallant and beautifull than any of the wilde ones. 
) — Matthiolws reporteth, that the vpright Paunfic is found on mount Baldus in Italy. Lobel faith 
} that it groweth in Languedocke in Franee, and on the tops of fome hills in England; but as yet 
Thaue not feene the fame. 

Thofe with yellow floures haue been found by a village in Lancafhire called Latham, foure 
miles from Kyrckham, by M'.Thomas Hesketh before remembred, 

@ The Time. 


_They floure not onely in the Spring, but for the moft part all Sommer thorow; euen vatill Au- 
tumine. 


; t The Names, mi 
Hearts-eafe is named in Latine old tricolor, or the three coloured Violet ; and of diuers, faces: 
(yet there is another /acea {yrnamed Nigra : in Englith, Khap-weed,Bull-weed, and Matfel!on) of HH 
others, Herba Trinitatis, or herbe Trinitie, by reafon of the triple colour of the floures :of fomie ual 
others, Herba Clavellata : in French, Penfees : bywhich name they became knowne to the Braban- Gre 


it | ‘ : } 
ders and others of the Low-countries that are next adioyning. It feemeth to be-/s0la flammes, ARS Ea 
§ which Theophrastus calleth orza, which is alfo called :éy0: in Englith, Hearts-eafe, Paunfies, Liue Rien 
in idleneffe, Cull me to you, and Three faces ina hood, N idenea 
Thevpright Panfi¢ is called not vnproperly Viola affurgens, or Surreéfa,and withall Tricolor,that ae 


; 
is to fay, ftraight or vpright Violet three coloured : of fome, Viola arborefcens, or Tree Violet, tor i iH i, ; 
that in the multitude ofbranches and manner of growing it refemblés a little tree, On ey 
| The Temperature, : nt 
It is oftemperature obfeurely cold, but more euidently moift, of a tough and flimie iuyce, like a ee 
that of the Mallow , for which caufe it moiftneth and fuppleth, but not fo much as the Mallow o% 
doth. +] 
| The Vertues. aa eae 
Itis good, as the later Phyfitions write, for fuch as are ficke of an ague, cfpecially children and A Ey oh Gee 
infants, whofe convulfions and fits of the falling fickneffe it is thought to cure. ae ik) ORY 
It is commended againtt inflammations of the lungs and cheft,and againft fcabs and itchings B JAYS 
of the whole body, and healerh vicers. Me PT A) ie We 
The diftilled water of the herbe or floures giuen to drinke for ten or more dayes together, three C et ny 
eunces in the morning, and the like quantitie at night, doth wonderfully eafe the paines.of the Pah ‘ ¥ 
} French difeafe, and cureth the fame, ifthe Patient be eaufed to fweat fundry times, as Cofteus re- Ht, 
porteth, inhisbooke denaturaV ainerf, irp. 


Cuar. 314. Of Ground-Fuy, or eA le-hoofe. i I 
g The Defcription, 


z Round Luy isa low or bafe herbe ; it creepeth and fpreads vpon the ground hither and: a Hig 3 

. thither all about, with many ftalkes of an vneertaine length, flender,and like thofe of 

thé Vine, fomething cornered, and fometimes reddith: whereupon grow leaues j hn ie 

| fomething broad and round, wrinkled, hairy, nicked in the edges, for the moft part tivo out of eue. Ht dH 

| tie ioynt: among{t which come forth the floures gaping like little hoods, not vnlike to thofe of } Pa ae 

( Germander,ofa purplith blew colour: the roots are very threddy :the whole plant is ofa ftrong 

i finell and bitter tafte. 

| £2 . Vpon the rockie and mountainous places of Prouince and Daulphine growes this:other 

Kinde of Ale-hoofe, which hath leaues, ftalkes, floures, and roots like in fhapeto thofe of the for- 

tmer, but the floures and leaues are ofa light putplecolour, and alfo larger and longer, This by Zo. 

| belis called Us (farina, fine Saseatilis hedera. + 
‘ @ The Place, 

Ieis found as well in tilled asin vntilled places, but moft commonly in ob{cire and darke pla- Ba | 

€€s, vpon banks vnder hedges, and by the fides of houfes. i 

a The Time. 

Itremaineth greene not onely in Sommer,but alfo in Winterat any time of the yeare: it fon bhlit 

reth from Aprill till Sommer be far fpent,: said am 

qj The ny 


A 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants: Lisi2. 


1 Hederaterreftris. + 2 Hederafaxatiles. 
Ale-hoofe. Rocke Ale-hoofe. 


Cy bec homo he dtratea 


BS (Zz 


eel 


el 


S97) 
a, 


fan 
RG oe 
EIS. fC eR 


Pf USs 
Ok at a 
} 


Eh) gira 
) Ss 


SS, 
{ ) IS 
HW) \t 


q The Names, 

It iscommonly called Hedera terreftris : in Greeke, aaseanr » alfo Corona terre: in high-Dutch; 
@undeleeb yin low-Dutch, Onderhanes in French, Lierre terreftre : Hedera humile of fome, and 
Chamaciffum : in Englith, Ground-Iuy, Ale-hoofe , Gill go by ground, Tune-hoofe,and Cats- 
foot. + Many queftionwhether this be the Chamecifius of the Antients : which controuerfie Do- 
donaus hath largely handled, Pempt.3. 4.3. cap.4. $ 

| The Temperature. 

Ground-luie is hot and dry, and becanfe it is bitter it {coureth, and remoueth {toppings out of 
the intrals. 

G TheVertues. 

Ground-Iuy is commended againft the humming noyfe and ringing found of the eares, being 
put into them, and for them thatare hard of hearing. 

M atthiolus writeth, That the iuyce being tempered with Verdugreafe, is good againf fiftulaes 
and hollow vicers. 

Dio(corides teacheth, That halfe a dram of the leaues being drunke in foure ounces and a halfe 
of taire water, for fourty or fifty dayes together, is a remedie againft the Sciatica, or ache in the 
huckle bone. 

The fame taken in like fort fix or feuen dayes doth alfo cure the yellow jaundice. Galen hath at- 
tributed (aswe haue faid) all the vertue vnto the floures : Seeing the floures of Ground-Iuy (faith 


he) are very bitter, they remoue {toppings out of the liuer,and are giuen tothem that are vexed 


with the-Sciatica. 
Ground-Iuy, Celandine, and Daifies, of each a like quantitie, ftamped and ftrained, and a little 


fugarand rofe water put thereto, and dropped with a feather into the eyes,taketh away all manner ’ 


of inflammation, fpots, webs, itch, fmarting ,or any griefe wharfoeuer in the eyes, yea although 
the fight were nigh hand gone : it is proued tobe the beft medicine in the world. : 
The herbes ftamped as aforefaid, and mixed with a little ale and honey,and ftrained,takes awa 


the pinne and web, or any griefe out of the eyes of horfe or cow, or any other beaft, being fquirted | 


into the fame with a fyringe,or I might haue faid the liquor inieéed into the eyes with a fyringe. . 


But [ lift not tobe oucr eloquent among Gentlewomen, towhom efpecially my Worksare moft | 


neceffarie. 


The women of our Northerne parts, efpecially about Wales and Chefhire, do tunnethe herbe : 
Ale-hoofinto their Ale, but the reafonthereof I know not: notwithftanding without all contro- 


uerfie : 


Lire. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. | 857 


uerfic it is moft fingular againft the griefes aforefaid : being tunned vpinale and drunke ; italfo 
purgeth the head from thumaticke humors flowing from the braine. ‘ 
Hederaterreftris boyled in water ftayeth the termes , and boyled in mutton broth it helps weake 
and aking backes. 
They hatie vfed to put it into ointments againft burning with fire, gunpouder,and {uch like. 
Hedera verreftris being bound in a bundle, or chopt as herbes for the pot, and eaten or dituinke as 
thin broth ftayerh the flux in women, 


3 
Cuar. 315. Of Fuy. 
The Kindes. ° 
Here betwo kindes of lay, as Theophraftws witneffeth, reckoned among the numberof thofe 
plants which haue need to be propped vp ; for they ftand not of themfelues,butare faltned to 
f ftone walls, trees, and fuch like, and yet notwithftanding both ofa wooddy fubffance, and yet not 
tobe placed among the trees; fhrubs, or buthes, becaufe of the affinitie they habe with climbing 
herbes ; as alfo agreeing in forme and figurewith many other plants that climbe, andare indeed 
fimply to be reckoned among the herbes that clambervp. But if any will! cauill , ot charge me 
with my promife made in the beginning of this hiftorie, where we made our diuifion, namely, to 
} placeeach plant as neere as may be in kindred and neighbourhood , this promife I haue fulfilled, 
ifthe curious eye can be content to reade without rafhneffe thofe plants tollowing in order, and 
not onely this climbing Tuy that lifteth her felfe to the tops of ttees , but alfothe other Juy: that 
| ereepeth vpon the ground. 
| Of the greater or the climing Iuy there are alfo many forts ; but efpecially three, the white,the 
| 
i 
| 
| 


c 


blacke, and chat which is called Hedera Helix,or Hedera feerilis. 
| The Defcription. 


i He greater Iny climbeth on trees,old buildings, and walls : the ftalkes thereof are 
‘A wooddy, and now and then fo great as it feemes to becomea tree ; from which it fen- 
deth amultitude of little boughes or branches euery way, whereby as it were with 
atms it creepeth and wandereth farabout : italfo bringeth forth continually fine little roots, b 
) which it faftneth it {elfe and cleaueth wonderfull hard vpon trees,and vpon the fmootheft ftone 
walls : the leanes are {mooth, fhining efpecially on the vpper fide, cornered with fharpe pointed 
corners. The floures are very {mall and mofiie ; after which {ucceed bundles of black berries, euety 
pone hauing afmall tharpe pointall. 
) There is another fort of great Iny that bringeth forth white fiuit, which fome call Acharnicam 
| érriguam; and alfo another leffer, the which hath blacke berries. This Pliny calleth Selinitium, 
|__ Wealfo finde mentioned another fort hereof fpred.abrdad, with a fruit ofa yellow Saffron co- 
Tour, called of divers Diony fis, as Did{corides writeth : others Bacchica, of which the Poets vfed to 
make garlands, as Pliny teftifieth, 46.16. cap. 3a. 
2 Barren Iuy is not much vnlike vnto the common Iuy aforefaid,(uing that his branches are 
) both fmaller and tenderer,not lifting or bearing it felfe vpward,but creeping along by the ground 
vider moift and fhadowie ditchbankes. The leaues are mot commonly three {quate;cornered,of 
}2 blackith greene colour, which atthe end of Sommer become brownith ed vpon the lower fide, 
{The whole plant beareth neither floures nor fru it, but isaltogether barren and fruitleffe. 
ot 3. Thereis kept for nouelties fake indiuers gardens a Virginian,by fome(thoughvnfitly) 
} termed a Vine, being indeed an Iuy.. The ftalkes of this grow toa great heighth, if they be plan- 
ted nigh any thing hat may fultaine or bearethem vp: and they take firft hold by certaine fmall 
itendrels, vpon what body focuer they grow, whether ftone, boords, bricke, yea glaffe, and that fo 
Mfirmely, that oftentimes they will bring pieces with them if you plucke them off. The leaues are 
Karge, confifting of foure, fiue, or more particular leaues, each of them being long,and deeply.not- 
shed about the edges, fo that they fomewhat refemble the ledues of the Chefnuttree : the floures 
»Stow chiftcring together after the manner of uy, but neuer with vs thew themfelues open, fo thar 
/we cannot iuftly fay any thing of their colour, or the fruit that fucceeds them. It puts forth his 
eleaues in April,and the ftalkes with the radimeits of the floures are to’be feene in Auguft.ft may 
‘asl faid be fitly called Aedera Virginiana. $ ; 
«| The Place. ; 
Tuy groweth commonly about walls and trees; the white Iuy groweth in Greecé, and the bar- 
ren Iny groweth vpon the ground in ditch bankes and fhadowie woods. 3 
| ' Cece q The 


nA 


ms) 


$58 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L june 


1 Hederacorymbofa. a Medora Bebix,).) 
Clymbing orberried Tuy, - Banienppcrpep ing 1 Ny yea 
4H oder ober . Nori Aas. M aS SS Ge 


g 


Zz 


6 & 


Iuy flourifheth in Autumne. the berries are ripe after the Winter Solftice. 
: ean @ The Names, 
; luy is called in Latine Hedera : in Greeke, ki,and xiee:in high-Dutch,€pheu : in low-Dutch,! 
ait) ; Weples in Spanith, Vedra : in French, Liarre. 
The greater Tuy is called of Theophraftus teenie : in Latine, Hedcra attollens, or Hedera alfimgens: 
GaXa interpreteth it Heaeraexcelfa, The later Herbarifts would haue it to be Hedera arborea, or tree 
ad faa | ie Tuy, becanfe it groweth vpon trees, and Hedera muralis, which hangeth vpon walls. 
Creeping or barren Iuy is called in Greeke % > Kieee : in Englifh, Ground-Iuy: yet doth it 
much differ from Hederaterre/trs, or Ground-luy before defcribed : of fomeit is called Clauicula, 
Hedera Helix,and Hedera flerilis ; and is that herbe wherein the Bore delighteth, according to lohan 
\\ nes Khueniws. 


ih ) By @ The Time. 


@ The Temperature, 
Tuy, as Galen {aith, is compounded of contrarie faculties ; for it hath a certaine binding earthy) 
i and cold fubftance, and alfo a fub {tance {omewhat biting, which euen the very tafte doth thew toi 
Saas a : behot. Neither is itwithout a third facultic,as being of a certaine warme wateric fubftance,and 
thatis if it be greene : for whileft it is in drying this watery fubfance being earthy,cold,and bins) 
ding confumeth away, and thatwhich is hot and biting remaineth. 
@ The Vertues. | 
A, TheleauesofIuy frefh and greene boyled in wine, do heale old vicers, and perfectly cure thofe! 
that haue a venomous and malicious quality ioyned with them ; and area remedy likewife againft! 
burnings and fcaldings. 
B — Moreouer, the leaues boyled with vineger are good for fuch as haue bad {pleens;but the floures: 
or fruit are of more force, being very finely beaten and tempered with vineger, efpecially fo vfed: 
5 _ they arecommended againft burnings. 

C _Theiuyce drawne or fnift vp into the nofe doth effectually purge the head,ftayeth the running) 
of the eares that hath beene of long continuance, and healeth old vicers both in the eares and alfo! 

i} in thenofthrils : but ifitbe too fharpe, itis to be mixed with oyle of Rofes, or fallad oyle. 
i, D- Thegum that is found vpon the trunke or body of the old ftocke of Iuy, killeth nits and lice, 
and taketh away haire: it is of fo hora qualitie, as that it doth ob{curely burne: it is as it were 2| 
certaine 


ae 


Lis, 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 859 


) certaine waterifh liquor congealed of thofe gummie drops. Thus farre Galen. 


The very fame almoft hath Déofcorides, but yet alfo fomewhat more: for oucr and befides hee 
faith, that fiue of the berries beaten finall, and made hot ina Pomegranat rinde,with oyle of rofes, 
and dropped into the contrarie eare, doth eafe the tooth-ache , and that the betriés make the haire 
blacke. 

Iuy inour time is very feldome vfed, faue that the leaues are layd vpon little vicers made in the 
thighes, legs, or other parts of the body,which are called Iffues ; for they draw humors-and wate- 


| sith fubftance to thofe parts; arid keepe them from hot fwellings or inflammations, that is to fay, 
| the leaues newly gathered, and not as yet withered or dried. 


_ Some likewife affirme that the berries are cffeGuall to procure vrine ; and are giuen vnto thofe 
that be troubled with the ftone and difeafes ofthe kidneyes. 
The leaues laid in {teepe in water for aday anda nights fpace, helpe fore and {marting wate- 
tith eyes, if they be bathed and wafhed with the water wherein they haue beene infufed. 


Cuar. 316. Of rough Binde-weed. 


1 Smilax Perwviana, Salfa parilla, 2 Smilax afpera. 
Rough Binde-weed of Peru, C 


Common rough Binde-weed. 


@ The Defiription. : pee ; 

x Lthoughwe haue great plenty of the roots of this Binde-weed of Peru, which we vfuz 
ally cally Zarza, or Sarfa Parilla, wherewith divers griefes and maladies are cured,and 

that thefe roots are very well knowne to all, yet fuch hath beene the carelefneffe and 

{mall prouidence of fuchas haue trauelled into the Indiés, that hitherto not any haue giuen vs in- 
ftrucion fufficient, either concerning the leaues, floures, or fruit : onely Monardus faith ; that it 
hath long roots deepe thruft into the ground : which is as much as ifagreat learned man fhould 
tell the fimple,that our common carrion Crow were of a blacke colour. For who is fo blinde that 
feeth the root it felfe, but can cafily affirme the roots to be very long » Notwithftanding, there is 
inthe reports of fuch as fay they haue feene the plant it felfe growing, fome contradiction or con- 
trarietie: fome report that it isa kind of Bind-weed,and efpecially one of thefe rough Bindweeds': 
Cece 2 others, 


Jt 


Lis.2. 
2 Smilax afpera Lufitanica. others, as one M".White an excellent painter, : 
2 who carried very many people into Virginia: 
(orafter fome, Norembega)there to inhabit, | 
at which time hee did fee thereof great plen-- 
tic,as he himfelfe reported vato me,withthis s 
bare defeription ; It is (faith he) the root of | 
a {mall thrubbie tree, or hedge tree, fuch as ; 
are thofe of our country called Haw-thorns, , 
hauing leaues refembling thof of luy, bue : 
the floures or fruit he remembreth not, tole 
is moft certaine,that Sarfa parilla is the roo - 
ofthe AmericaneSwilax afpera, both by ¢on- 
fent of moft Writers, and by the relation of | 
fuch as haue feene it growing there, + 
2 _ The common rough Binde-weed hath | 
many branches fet full of little fharpe pric- 
| 
| 


kles, with certaine clafping tendrels, where. 
with it taketh hold vpon hedges, fhrubs, and ; 
whatfoeuerftandeth next -vnto it » Winding | 
and clafping it felfe about from thebottom | 
to the top ; whereon are placed at euery ioint ! 
one leafe like thatof Iuy , without corners, 
fharpe pointed, leffer and harder than thofe | 
of {mooth Binde-weed , oftentimes marked _| 
with little white {pots, and garded or borde- _ 
red about the edges with crooked prickles. 
The floures grow at the top of crooked ftalks 
ofawhite colour, and fiveet of fell. After | 
commeth the fruit like.thofe of the wilde | 
Vine, greene at the firt ,. and red when they | 
: a be ripe, and ofa biting tafte ; wherein is con- 4 
) | tained ablackith feed in fhape like that ofhempe. The root is long, fomewhat hard, and parted 
{ 

i 

y 


BN) 


‘ into very many branches. ; 
AH}) 3. This rough Binde-weed, found for the moft part in the barren mountaines of Portugal dif. 
fereth nor fromthe precedent in ftalkes and Houres, but in the leaues and fruit; for the leaues are 
fofter, and leffé prickly, and fometimes haué no prickles at all,and they are alfo oftentimes much 
“ i narrower : the fruit or berry is not red but blacke when as it commeth to be tipe. The root hereof 
is one fingle root ofa wooddy {ub{tance, with fome fibres annexed thereto, wherein confifteth the 
CP Aa ae: difference. 
{ @ The Place. 
Zarxa parilla, ox the prickly Binde-weed of America, groweth in Peru a prouince of America; + 
\ aaa in Virginia, and in diuers other places both in the Eaft and Weft Indies. 
| aR The others grow in rough and vntilled places,about the hedges and bordérs of fields, on moun- 
fh taies and vallies, in Italy, Languedock in France, Spaine,and Germany, 
( a, The Time. 
They floure and flourifh in the Spring : their fruit is ripe in Autumne,or a little before. 
3 @| The Names. 
phraftus his Tranflator) names it Hedera Ciliciasas | 
zy, wholtb.24. cap. to writeth, that it is alfo fyrnamed Nicophoron, Of the Hetrurians, 
4, and Rubus ceruinus : of the Caftilians in Spaine, as Lacuna faith, Zarsa parilla, as 
uld fay Rubus viticula, or Bramble little Vine, Parra,as Matthiolus interpreteth ir, 
ea Vine; and Parilla, a {mall or little Vine. 
fhrme that the root (brought out of Perua prouince in America) which the later Her- 


{4, is the root of this Bindeweed. Garcias Lopius Lufitanus granteth it to belike 
e doth not’affirme thatit isthe fame. Plants are oftentimes found to be like 
twithitanding are proued notto be the fame by fome little difference ; the 
hew rand of the foile making the difference. 

plant, and is brought ynto vs from the Countries of the new 
ings as are brought from thence,although they alfo feeme and 
iope, notivithftanding they doe often differ in yertue and operati- | 
| ny on: for the diuerfitie of the foile and of the weather doth not only breed an alteration in the i 
yee ut 


i Te isnamed in Greeke= 
i lkewife P/ 
me Hedera (} 


4 

| 

| at 1 
Yeah though th 


doth fenifi 
Diuers 
barifts do call 
thereunto, but 
GA ihe One anothe 
| Hat diuers con 
| ¢ 


Zare a vari 
! world called J 


are like to thofe th 


| Lesion Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ! SK My 


B| but doth mof of all preuaile in making the vertues and qualities greater or leffer. Such things as 
) grow in hot places be of more force, and greater finell ; and in cold, ofleffer. Some things ‘that 
| are deadly and pernitious, being remoued wax milde, and are made wholefome : {0 in like manner, 
although Zara parilla of Peru be like torough Binde-weed, or to Spanith Zarza parilla, notwith= 
} ftanding by reafon of the temperature of the weather, and alfo through the nature of the {Oile;it is 
i: ofa great deale more force than thatwhich groweth either in Spaine or in A fricke. 

| The roots of Zarxa parilla of Peru, which are brought aione without the plant, be long and flen- 
| der, like to the leffer roots of common liquorice, very many oftentimes hanging from one head in 
which rdots the middle ftring is hardeft. They haue little tafte,and fo fmalla finell that it is not 

§) to be percciued. Thefe are reported to grow in Honduras a prouince of Peru. They had their name 

of the likeneffe of rough Binde-weed, which among the inhabitants it keepeth; fignitying in Spa- 

nifh,a rough or prickly vine, as Garcias Lopins witnefleth. 

@) The Temperature. 

' The roots are of tempetature hot and dry, and of thin and fubtill parts,infomuch as their deco- 

étion doth very eafily procure fweat, r 

@ The Verties. j ; 

The roots ate 4 remedic againft long continuall paine of the ioynts and head, and againft cold A 
difeafes. They are good for all manner of infirmities wherein there is hope of cure by {weating,fo 
that there be no ague ioyned. 

) _ Thecureis perfected in few dayes; ifthe difeafe be not old or great ; but if itbe, itrequireth a 

I longer timeofcure. The roots here meant areas I take it thofe of Zara parilla,whereof this Smi- 

*) lax apera or rough Binde-weed is holden for a kinde : notwithftanding this of Spain and the othet ‘ 

parts of Europe, though it be counted leffe worth, yet is ir commended of Diofcorides and Pliay a- HH 

gain ft poyfons: The 'caues hereof faith Dsofcorides are a counterpoy fon againit deadly medicines, 
whether they be drunke before or after. 


D) = + The fecond and fourth were bock formerly of one plant, [meane the hifforie5 for the fguré in the fourth place fHould haue been in thethirdjand the figure 5 
a inthe third was che fame w th che fecond, and fhould haue been in the fourth plate « 


Cuar. 317. Of fmaoth or gentle Binde-weed. 


t Smilax lenis fine leuts maior< 2 Smilax lenis minor: 
Great {mooth Binde-weeds Small Binde-weed; 
Comvelbow ‘ Comvolouliie se forte, 
noe 


4 rw 


REE ort tee So ee 


* 


en ee Of the Hiftory of Plants. : dots. 2 


weed or Volubilis is like vnto the {mall Bindwee 


bling Liwaria both in colour and hairinefle, i 
5 > 


q The Defcription. 

I T isa ftrange thing vnto me, that thename of Smilax fhould be fo large] 
that it fhould be affigned to thofe plants that come nothing neere then r 
vnto any part of the forme of Smilax indeed. _Butwewill Jeaue controuerfies to the fur- 

ther confideration of fuch as loue to dance in quag-mires, ana come to this our common {moor 
Smilax, called and knowne by that name among vs,or rather more truly by the name of Convolvuulus 
mator, or Volubilis maior : It beareth the long branches of a Vine, but tenderer , and for the length 
and great fpreading therofit is very fit to make thadows inarbors : the Ieaues are fmooth like Inie, 
but fomewhat bigger, and being broken are full of milke :among{ft which come forth great white 
and hollow floures like bells. The feed is three comnered, growing in {mall huskes couered witha 
thinskin, The root is fmall, white and long, like the great Dogs graffe. 

2 Smilax lens minor is much like vnto the former in ftalkes, leaues, floures, feed,and roots ,fa- 
uing that inall refpects it is much fimaller, and creepeth vpon the ground. The branches are {mall 
and fiooth : the little leaves tender and foft : the floures like vnto little bells, ofa purple colour: 
the feed three cornered like vnto the others. 


y extended, as 
ature, and fearfly 


3 Convoluulus minimus pice-folius. 
Lauander leafed Binde-weed. 


- 
SSL 


VA\ \ 
VK 

V7 
4 7V 


t 4 Convolvutis argenteus Althee folio. 
Siluer leafed Binde-weed. 


3 This Bindweed Pena faith he neuer faw but in th 
uence, Sauoy, and Narbone 5 hotwithftanding 
Dunmow in Effex,in fuch abundance,that it do 


e brinks of quicke-fets and Oliuets in Pro- 
I found it growing in the corne fields about great 
th much hurt vnto their corne. This kind of Bind- 


d before mentioned,but it hatha finer floure, plai- 
ted or folded in the compaflé of the bell very orderly, efpecially befote the Sun rife (for after it 


opens it felfe the welts are not fo much perceiued) ‘and itis of a darke purple colour: the feed is 

not valike the reft, cornered and flat, growing out of flender branches which ftand vpright and 

thicke.together, proceeding our ofa wooddy white root. The leauesare long and narrow, refem- 
ntafte drying, and fomewhat heating, 

t 4 The 


ae 


i 
4 


— 


| 
of 
| 


| 
i 


f 
; 
| 


Lis.2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: 863 


-.$ 4 The ftalkes and branches of this are 

fome cubite long, flender,weake and haity, f 

; that they lie vpon the ground, if they haue no- 

OPst., ae vw Convoloig thing to fyftaine them:vpon thele withoutany, 
l 


5 Volubilis nigra, 
Blacke B indweed, 


PH Fp 


with a filuer-like downe or hairinefle,and d 


iui- 


ded fomewhat deep on the edges, fometimes 
alfo curled,and othéerwhiles onely {nipt abour, 
The floure growes vpon long ftalkes like as in 
K, Ff other plants of this kinde, and confifts of one 
7 Me aT OL. 74 8 

) Rene) = 


folding leafe,likeas that of the lat mentioned, 
and it is either ofa whitith purple,or elfe abfo- 
lute purple colour : The root is fmalland cree- 
ping .It growes in many places of Spaine, and 
there floures in March and A rill, Clilas calls, 
this Convaluulus Althea folio, and fatth thar the 
Portugals name it Verdexilla, and commend it 
as a thing moft effectual! to heale wounds. Our 
Authour gaue the figure hereof (how fitly let 
the Reader indge) by thename of Papauer cor 
autumn luteum minus,making ita horned Poppy, 
as you may fee in the former Edition, Pag, 
2 940 t t 
T 5 This kinde ofBindweed hatha tough 
root full of threddie ftrings, from which rife vp 
immediatly diuers trailingbranches,wherupen 
grow leaues like the common field Bindweed, 
or like thofe of Orach,of a black sreen colour; 
whereof it tooke his name:the floures are {mal, 
and like thofe of Orach: the feed is black,chrée 
{quare,like,but leffe than that of Buck-whear, 
The whole plant is not onely ahurtfull weed, but of an cuill fmell alfo, and too frequently found 
among ft corne, Dod onaws calls this Convolvulum aigrum : andHelxine,Ciframpelos : Tabernamontanus, 
Volubilis nigra: and Lobel, Helxine Ciffampelos altera Atriplicis efficie. 


@ The Place. ; 
Allthefe kindes of Bindweeds do grow very plentifully in moft parts of England, ¢ The third 
and fourth excepted. + 
j | The Time. 
They do flaure from May to the end of Auguft. 


GF The Names. ; 

The great Bindweed is called in Greeke ui nee: in Larine, Smilax Leuis : of Galea and Paulus 
eAiginetd, wrt re + it is furnamed Leués or fmooth, becaufe the ftalkes and branches thereof haue 
no prickles atall. Dolichus called alfo Smilax hortenfis, or Kidney beane,doth differ from this: and 
likewife Smilax the tree which the Latines call Taxus . in Englith, the Yew tree. The later Herba- 
rifts do call this Bindweed olubilis maior, (ampanella,F unis arborum,Convoluulus albus and Smilax le- 


| wis maior : in \ike manner Pliny in his 21.booke, 5 .chapt.doth alfo name it Conuoluulus Iris thought 


tobe Ligu/trum, not the fhrub privet, butthatwhich Martial inhis firft boake of E pigrams f{pea- 
keth of,writing againtt Procillys, ; 
The {mall Bindweed is called Convoluulus minorand Smilax lewis minor, Volubilis minor : in hy igh 
Dutch, windkraut: in Low Dutch, wByange sin French, Liféron:in Italian,Vilucchio: in § panith,’ 
CampanillaYerua : in Englifh, Withwinde,Bindeweed,and Hedge-bels.” 
‘ G The Nature. 
Thefe herbs are of an hot and dry temperatiire, 


| The Vertues. 


The leaues of blacke Bindweed called Helxine Ciffampelos, amped and ftrained,and the iuice A 


drunken doth loofe and open the bellie exceedingly. 


The leaues pound and laid tothe grieued place, diffolueth,wafteth,and confiimeth hard lumps B 


and fellings,as Galen {faith 


j The 


order grow leaues,fhaped like thofe of luy; or 
the marth Mallow,but leffe, and coucred ouer 


Ae ed i 
1 ae | 
i } 8 
HT 
ve se | 
Pi 
a 
Bh ea by 
Te ab a 
i ha ie 
Raa eat 
ik 4 
| i 
pane i : 
1a fi Hh ; 
Hit ea 
48} | ; 
woe Nae | i 
PEL aTy Rey ia 
AE RH BSL an, . 
bial ya 
iW hot 
Beat 
r i} 1 } “ 
vate | > 
; | 
Bias | 
pA 
j ae | id 
iY 
| q a 
ae te 
eg CaS aah 
\ Ai sa 
i! RH 
antes) Be 
1 ih i 
; eh 
y i 
{ al 
} He 


as 
ce 


i 
: (Hatt 
tsi id 
j ; 
6. Wea 

Pat te 


Ot the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz.2. 


The reft of the Bindweeds are not fit for medicine, but vnprofitable weeds, and hurtfull vnto each 
thing that groweth next vato them. 


{ The defeription which our Author intended inthe firlt place for Volubilis nigra, and took out of the 274, page of the Aduerfariabut fo confufedlv and imperfe- 
ly neither agrecing wich thathe intended,1 haue omitted as impertinent, and madchislater, though alfo ynperfeé detcription, fomewhat more compleat and a- 
grecable co the plant figured and intended. 


Cuar. 318. Of Blew Bindweed. 


q The Defcription, 


I Lew Bindweed bringeth forth long, tender,and winding branches,by which it climethi 
vpon things that ftand neere vnto it,and foldeth it felfe about them with many turnings 
and windings,wrapping it felfe againft the Sun,contrary to al! other things whatfoeuer, 

thatwith theirclafping tendrels do embrace things that ftand neere vnto them ; whereupon doe 
grow broad cornered leaues very like vnto thofe of Iuie, fomething rough and hairy, of anouer- 
worne ruffet greene colour : among which come forth moft pleafant floures bell fafhion,fomthing 
cornered as are thofe of the common Bindweed,of amoft fhining azure colour tending to purple: 
which being paft,there fucceed round knobbed feed veffels, wherein is contained Jong blackith 


feed of the bigneffe of a Tare, and like vnto thofe of the great hedge Bindweed.T he root is thred- 
dy,and perifheth at the firft approchof Winter. 


rConvolvulus Ceruleus. 
Blew Binde. weed. 


£ 2 Cosvolvulus carulews folio rotunda. 
Round leaued blew Bindweed. 


Name 


CBE), (Sy 
Qe 


Ss tee . 
WE Wwe 


Te 

eS 

Sy i 
QCA 
~UResS 
+ 2 There arealfo kept inour gardens two other blew floured Bindweeds. The onea large 

and great plant,the othera leffer, The great fends vp many large and Jong winding branches, like 
thofe of the laft defe 


) ribed,and a little hairie : the leaues are large and roundith, ending ina fharpe 
point :the floures are as large as thofe of the great Bindweed, and in fhape like them, but blew of 
colour,with fiue broad purplith veines equally diftant each from other : and thefe floures com- 
monly grow three neere together vpon three feuerall ftalks fome inch long, faftened to anothet 


ftalke 


he ae 


LL { Be 2. 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


ftalke fome handfull long: the cup which 
holds the floures,and afterivatds becomes 
the feed veffell,is rough and hairie:the feed 
is blacke, and of the bigneff¢ ofa Tate: the 
root is ftringie, and laits no k 
the perfecting of the feed. Tha 

uen the figure of the leafe and floure la 
expreft, becaufe for the root and man 
growing itrefembles rhe lat deferibed. 

3. This fmall blew Bindweed fendeth 
forth diuers long flender crceping hairie 
branches,lying flat vpon the ground,valeffe 
there be fomething for it torelt vpon : the 
leaues be longith and hairyjand outof their 
bofomes (almof from the .bottome tothe 
tops of the ftalks) come finall fodt-ttalkes 
carrying beautifull floures of the big 
and fhape of the common {mal Bindweed 


$ 3 Convolvulus caruleus minor, folio oblongo, 


Small blew Bindweed. 


rthan to 


rone 


9 
but commonly of three colours ; that is; 


white in the verie, bottome, yellow in the 
middle, and a perfeét azure at the top; and 


thefe twine themfelues vp,open and {hut in 
fiue plaits like as moft other floures of this 
kinde doe. The feed is contained in round 
knaps or heads,and is blacke and cornered: 
the rootis fmall,and_perifhes euery yeate, 
Bauhine wasthe firft thar fet this forth, and 
that by thename of Copvolvulus peregrinns, 
carulens folio oblongo. + 


The Place. 

The feede of this tare plant was firft 
brotight from Syria and other remote places of the world,and is a {tranger in thete Northern parts; 
yet haue I brought vpand nourithed it in my garden vnto flouring,; but the whole plant perithed, 
before it could perfect his feed. 

@ The Time. 
The feed muft be fowne as Melons and Cucumbers are, and at the fame time: it floured with 
| me at the end of Auguft. 
| The Names. . 
It iscalled Campana Lazulaand Lazura:of the later Herbaritts Campana Carulea,and allo Convol- 
vulum Ceruleum: & isthought tobe the Liguftrum nigrum ; Of which Columella inhis tenth booke 
hath made mention. 


Fer calathis violam,cy nigropermifta licuftro 
Balfama crim Calfia neckens; oC. 


In baskets bring thou Violcts,and blew Bindweed withall, 
But mixed with pleafant Baulme,and Caffia medicinall, 


| For if the greater fmooth Withwinde, or Bindweed be Liguftrum, then may this be not vapro- 
perly called Ligu/trum nigrum : fora blew purplecolour is oftentimes called blacke,as hath beene 
| faid inthe blacke Violet.But there be fome thatwould haue this Bindweed tobe Granum nil Aui- 
cenne,of which he writeth in the 306.chapter ; the which differeth from that Nil that is defcribed 
inthe 512 .chapter. For this is I/atis Grecorum,or the Grecian Woad: but that is a ftrange plant, 
and is brought from India,as both Awicen and Serapiodoe teftifie : Auicen in this manner; what is 
Granum Nil? Vt is Cartamum Indum : and Serapiothus ; Habal NGL, is Granum Indicum, in cap. 283. 
| where the fame is defcribed in thefewords : [ The plant thereof is like to the plant of LeAlas, that 
| Ito fay of Convolvulus,or Bindweed,taking hold of treeswith his tender ftalks : it hath borh green 
| branches and leaues,and there commeth outby euery Ieafea purple floure, in fafhion of the Bel- 
i floures : and when the floure doth fall away, it yeeldeth a feed infmall cods (Tread litrlé heads) 


See Senge ees aaa aa ee : 
‘ Demiyece a See Ts 


———e 


ne 


866 Of the Hiftorieof Plants = Lina, 


in which are three graines, leffer than thefeedes of Stauefaker] towhichdefcriptionthis blew 
Bindweed is anfwerable. f 

There be alfo other forts of Bindweeds, which be referred to Nil Awicenneswhich no doubt may 
bekinds of Ni/; for nothing gainfaith it why they fhould not be fo. Therefore to conclude, this 
beautifull Bindeweed,which we call Convelvnlus Cerulens,is called of the Arabians Nil : of Serapio, 
Hab al Nil : about Alepoand Tripolis in Syria the inhabitants call it Hafmifén: the Italians,Campa- 
naaXurea: of the beautifull azured floutes,and alfo Fior de nottebecaufe his beautic appeares moft 
in the night. 


| The Temperature. 
Convolvilus Caruleus,or Nil,as Anicen faith,is hor and drie in.the firft degree:but Serapio maketh 
it tobe hot and drie in the third degree. 
@ The Vertues. 
, It purgeth and voideth forth raw,thicke,flegmaticke,and melancholicke humours:it driues out 
A allkinde of wormes,but it troubleth the belly,and caufeth a readineffe to vomit,as Avices faith :it 
worketh flowly,as S¢rapio writeth sin whom more hereof may be found,but to little purpofe, where- 
fore we thinke good to paffe it ouer. 


Cuar. 319. Of Scammonie,or purging Bindweed. 


1 Scammonium Syriacun + 2 Scamonea Valentina. 
Syrian Scammonie, Scammonie of Valentia. 


HN 
: 


ZS / | 
lt4a7w~ 


q The De Cription. 


1 Sieber of Syria hath many ftalks rifing from one root, which are long, flender, and 

like the clafping tendrels of the vine,by which it climeth and taketh hold of fuch things 

as arenextvntoit. The Jeaues beebroad , fharpe pointed like thofe of the fmooth or 

hedge Bindweed : among which come forth very faire white floures tending to a bufh colour, bell 

fathion, The root is long,thicke,and white within ; out of which is gathered a iuice ay baa 
ardne 


| Linz Ofte Hiftory of Plant’ ——SS*S*~«R 


; hardned,is greatly vfed in Phyficke: for which confideration, there is not any plant growing vpoti 
the earth,the knowledge whereof more concerneth a Phyfition,both for his fhape and properties, 
| than this Scammonie,which Peva calleth Lactaria [canfordaque volvula,that is,milkie and climbing 
Windweed,whereof it is a kinde ; although for diftinétion fake I haue placed them as two {eue- 
J rall kindes. Andalthough this herbe be fufpected,and hal fe condemned of fome learned men,yet 
i| there is not any other herbe to be found,whereof fo fmalla quantitie will do fo much good : nei- 
ther could thofe which haue carped at it,and reproued this herbe, finde any fimple in refpeé of bis 
| vertues tobe put in his roome: and hereof infueth great blame to all practitioners, who hate not 
endeuoured to bee better acquainted with this herbe, chiefely to auoid the deceit of the craftie 
} Drug-feller and Medicine-maker of this confeced Scammonie, brought vs from farre places, ra- 
i ther to be called I feare infeéted Scammonie,or poifoned Scammonie, than confected. But to a. 
fe the inconueniences hereof, by reafon of the counterfeiting and ill mixing thereof: I haue 


therefore thought good to fet downe what I haue taken out of the diligent,and no leffe learned ob- 
feruations of Prna,concerning this plant, Anno 15 61,01 15 62.Vsd.adver [-pag.r72. ; 
Sequinus Martinellus an Apothecarie of Ve= 
£ 3 Scammonium Mon|pelienfe. nice,being amoft diligent fearcher of Simples, 
French Scammonie, that hemight haue the right Scammony of An- 
tioch,tranelled into Syria,where from the citie 
of Alepo hee fent an reo. weight of the iuice 
of Scammonie of Antioch,prepared and hard- 
ned into a lumpe,atthe making whereof he was 
prefent himfelfe. This man fentalfoof the 
feeds thereof,which in all points anfwered the 
cornered feed of Volubilis ; which being fowne 
in the beginning of the Spring at Padua and 
Venice,grew vp to the form ofa braue & good« 
ly Convolvulus,in leapes,floures,and fhew{o like 
vito our Ciffavspelos,that a man would haue ta- 
ken it for the famewithout controuerfie,{auing 
that the rootwas great, and in bigneffe equall 
to the great Brionie, as a!fo in tenderneffe. The 
outward bark of the rootwas of a dusky colour, 
and white within ; the inner pith beeing taken 
forth feemeth in all mens iudgements to be the. 
fame and the beft allowed Turbith officinarum’ : 
and yet it differeth from Turbith, in that, that 
it is more brittle, and will more eafily bee 
broken,though the pith in Scammonie beeng 
leffe gummie and ful of milkie iuice, than Tur- 
bith. Further Pena reporteth, that afterward hee 
fent of this feed vnto Antwerpe,whereit grew 
very brauely, the climing ftrings and branches 
growing vp tothe height of fiue or fix cubites, 
hot differing from that which was fowne in Itae 
lie. Alfo William Dries of Antwerp,a moft ex- 
cellent Apothecary,did cut off the branches of 
his Antwerpian Scammonie from the root,and 
dried them,planted the feeds in his garden, and 
| conferred the {uperfluous branched roots With the Turbithof Alexandtia,and could not find them 
to differ or difagree the one fromthe other in any point. But he that will know more concerning 
|| the making ,difference,choice and vfe of Scammony, let him reade Penain his chapter of Scammo- 
 Nie,in the place formerly cited where he fhall finde many excellent fecrets worthy the noting of 
| thofe which would know how tovfe fuch rare and excellent medicines. 
| 2 Scammony of Valentia (whereof I haue plentie inmy gatden)is alfo a kinde of Bindweed, 
{ growing naturally by the fea fide vpon the gtauelly fhore, by the mouth of the riuer Rhodanus, at 
( thewaters called Aquas Marianaswhere the Apothecaries of Montpellier gather of it great plen- 
tie,who haue attempted to harden the milkie iuice thereof,to vie it in ftead of Scammonie of An- 
tioch. This plant bringeth forth many flender branches, which will climbe and very wellrun vpon 
4 pole;as being fupported therewith,and mounteth to the height of fiue or fix cubits, climbing& 
ramping like the firftkinde of Scammonie, The leaues are greene, {mooth,plaine, and ier 
pointed, 


* 


I 


1) 


8 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


pointed,which being broken do yeeld abundance of milke : the floures are white, fmall,and ftarre. 
fathion: the roots white and many,{hooting forth fundry other 100ts,whereby it mightily increa- 
feth, { 

t 3. This ftrange kinde of Scammonie, which Clufivs maketh rightly to be Periploce [pecies, 
hath very many long branches ramping and taking hold of fuch things as do Stow neerevnto them, 
of a darkifh athe colour:whereupon do grow leaues {harp pointed,crooked at the fetting on of the 
ftalke like thofe ofthe blacke Bryonie,and likewife ofan athe colour, fet together by couples:from 
the bofome whereof thruft forth fmall tender foot-ftalkes » Whereom are placed fmall white 
floures ftarre-fafhion: the feeds are contained in long coddes,and are wrapped vp in downe,like as 
thofe of Swallow-w ort. Theroot is very long,flender,and creeping, like that of the {mall Bindweed, 
fo that ifit once take in any ground, it can hardly be deftroyed. 


The Place. 

Itdoth grow in hot regions, ina fat foile,as in Mifia,Syria,and other like countries of A fia.itis 
likewife found in theiland of Candia,as Bellonius witneffes;from whence I had fome {eeds,of which 
feed I receiued two plants that profpered exceeding well ; the one whereof I beftowed vpon a lear. 
ned Apothecarie of Colchefter, which continueth to this day bearing both‘floures and ripe feed. 
But an ignorant weeder of my garden plucked mine vp,and caft it away in my abfence, in ftead of 
a weede: by which mifchangg I am notable towrite heereof fo abfolutely as I determined: ir 
likewife growcth neere vnto the fea fide about Tripolis in Syria, where the inhabirants doe callit 
Meudhendi. 

G The Time, 

it floured in my garden about S, Lames tideas I remember, forwhen} went to Briftow Faite, 
I left it in floure;but at my returne it was deftroyed as aforefaid, ‘ 

q| The Names. 

The Greckes call it seu : the Latines,Scammonium, fo naming not onely the plant it felfe,bur 
alfo the hard and condenfed iuice : of the Apothecaries »Scammonea;and when it is prepared, Diagri- 
dium : as though they fhould fay, aa: which fignificth a little teare: both the herbe and inice 
arenamed Scamony-of Rhafis, Corixiola. 

q The Temperature. 

The inice doth mightily purge by the ftoole,and is the ftrongeft purge whatfoeuer, foras ori- 
bafius {aith, it is inno part ouercome by thofe things which ftirand moue the body. It worketh the 
fame not vehemently by any hort qualitie, but by fome other hid and fecret propertie of the whole 
fubftance ; for thete is no extremitic of heat perceiued in it by tafte : for with what liquor or thing 
focuer it is mixed, it giueth vnto it no bitterneffe, biting ,or other vnpleafant tafte atall,and there- 
fore it is not to be accounted among the extreme hot medicines, but among thofe that are mode- 
rately hot and drie, 

The Vertues. 

Tt clenfeth and draweth forth efpecially choler : alfo thinne and waterifh humours, and of. 
tentimes flegme, yet is it as Paulus teacheth more hurtfull to the ffomacke than any other medi- 
cine. 

Mefwes thinketh that it is nov onely troublefome and hurtfull to the ftomacke, but alfothat ic 
fhaueth the guts, gnawing and fretting the inttails, openeth the ends of the y eins,and through the 
effence of his whole fubftance,it is an enemy to the heart,and to the reft of the inward parts:if itbe 
vfed immoderately and in time not conuenient,it caufeth fwounings,vomitings, and ouerturnings 
of the ftomacke,fcouring, the bloudy flux and vicers in the lower gut, which bring a continual! de- 
fireto the ftoole. 

Thefe mifchietes are preuented if the Scammoniebe boiled ina Quince and mixed with the 
flime or mucilage of Pfllinm,called Fleawoort,the pap or pulp of Prunes,or other things that haue 
aflimie inicewith alittle Mafticke added, or fome other eafie binding thing. 

Plinie affirmeth that the hurt thereof is taken away if Aloes be tempered with it :[ Scammonie 
(faith he) onerthroweth the ftomack,purgeth choler,loofeth the belly vnieffe two drams of A loes 

€putvnto one feruple of it]which alfo Ovibafins alloweth of in the fir booke of his Synopfés, and 
the feuenth booke of his medicinal! Colle@ions. 

The old Phyfitions were alfowont toboile Scammonieina Quince,and to giue the Quince to 
be eaten,hauing caft away the Scammonie: and this Quince fo taken doth moue the belly with- 
out any hurt.vnto the flomacke,as Galen in his firft booke of the Faculties of Nourifhments doth 
fet downe,and likewife in his third booke of the Faculties of fimple Medicines. 

The Apothecaries dovfe Scammonie prepared ina Quince, whichas wehane faid they name 
Diagridiumand do mix it in diucrs compofitions, 


They 


Lapa, Of the Hiftory of Plants. 869 


» oS) eee 


woort, fet downe by Mefue : the other of Prunes fathered vpon Nicelaws,which were deuifed for 
® the tempering and correétion of Scammony, and be commended for hot burning aeues, and terti- 
ans,and for what difeafes foeuer that proceed of choler. 

Galen hath taken Mafticke and Bdcllinm out of the pilles called Cochiz, which alfo conteéine in 
§) them agreat and fufficient quantitie of Scammonie, as we may réade in his firft booke of medi- 

cines according to the places affe ted, which alfo we meanc to touch in the chapter of Coloquin- 
tida, where we intend to intreat at large concerning mafticke, and other binding things, th 
accuftomed tobe mixed for the corre@ion of ftrong and violent purgers. 

The quantitie of Scammony, or of Diagridium it felfe, as Mefue writeth;is from fue graines to 
ten or twelue : itmay be kept as the fame Author fheweth,foure yeeres:Plixy iudecth it to be after 
two yeeres little worth : it is to be vfed, faith he, when it is two yeeres old, and it isnot good be- 
(fore, nor after, The mixing ot otherwife the vie thereof;more than is fet downe,I thinke it not ex- 
pedient to fet forth in the Phy ficall vertues of Scammony, vpon the receipt whereof many times 
death infueth:my reafons are diters, for that the fame is very dangerous, either if too great a quan- 
iititie thereofbe taken,or if it be siuen without correction ; or taken at the hands of fome Tunnagate 
§phy ficke-monger, quackfaluet,old women-leaches,and fuch like abufers of Phyficke,and deceiuers 

ofpeople. The vfe of Scamimony I commit to the learned, vnto whome it efpécially and onely 
belongeth, who can very carefully and curioufly vfe the fame. 


atare 


TF Thecitles ofthe fecond and third were formerlytranfpofed, and hoth the figures belonged to the fecond defcription,which was of the Ssammoniam Mon fpetie 
Bjenfe of the Adve, being the fame with the Scammonea Velentma of Clafins. 


Cuar. 320. Of Briony, or the white Vine. 
| The Kindes. 


Tee be twokindes of Bryony, the one white, the other blacke : of thewhite Briony as follow- 
eth. 


Bryonia alba, 
White Bryonie; 


rye 


" The Defiription. 


Hite Briony bringeth forth divers long 
N/V and flender ftalkes with many clafping: 
tendrels like the Vine, wherewith it 
catcheth hold of thofe things that are next vnro 
it. The leaues are broad, fiue cornered, and inden- 
ted like thofe of the Vine ; but rougher, more 
hairie,and whiter of colour. The floures be {mall 
and white, growing many together. The fruite 
confifteth in little clufters, the berries whereof 
are at the firft greene, and red when they beripe, 
The roote is very gteate, long, and thicke, grow- 
ing deepe in the earth,ofa white yellowith co- 
lour, extreame bitter, and altogether of an yn- 
pleafant tafte. The Queenes chiefe Surgion M?, 
William Godorous, avery curious and learned gen- 
tleman fhewed mea root hereof, that waied halfe 
an hundred weight, and of the bignefle of a child, 
ofa yeere old: 


@ The Place. 
Briony groweth almoft euery where among 
pot-herSes,hedge-buthes, and fuch like places, 
q The Time, 
Tt floureth in May, and bringeth forth His 
grapes in Autumne. 


@] The Names. é 
Bryony is called in Greck,éumiseav' in Latine) 
Dddd Vitis 


They keepe vfually in their fhops two compofitions; orele@uarics, the one of Pfillinm or Flea~ G 


* 


870 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lisi2. 


Vitis alba,or white Vine, and it is namcd,zuaer, becaufe itisnotonely like the Vine in leaues, but 
alfo for that it bringeth forth his fruite made vp after the likenefle of little clufter,although the 


berries ftand norclofe together : itis called of Pliny, Bryonia,and Madon : of the Arabians, Alphe- 2 


fora: of Matthens Sylvaticus, Viticella: in the poore mans Treafure, Roraftrum : of Apuleius, Apiaftel. 
lum, vitis Taminia, Vitis alga,and Vztalba: inhigh Dutch, Such wurts sin low Dutch, Betontes 
in Englith, Bryony,white Bryony, and tetter Serie :in French, Coudewree ; in Italian, Zucca fylva- 
tica : in Spanith, Nue=a blanca, 
q The Temperature. 

White Briony is inall parts hot and dry,excceding the third degtce, efpecially of heate, with 
an exceeding great force of clenfing and {couring,by reafon whereof it purgeth and draweth forth, 
not onely cholesicke and flegmaticke humours, but alfo watrie, 


G The Vertues. 

Diofcorides writeth that the firft {prings or {proutings being boiled and eaten, do purge by fiege 
and vrine. Galen faith, that all men vfe accuftomably to eate of it in the {pring time,and that itisa 
nourifhment wholefome, by reafon ofthe binding qualitie that it hath ; which is tobe vnderftood 
of thofe of the wilde Vine,called in Latine,T amws;and notof the f{proutings of this plant ; for the 
{proutings of the firft {prings of white Bryony are nothing binding atall, butdo mightily purge 
the belly, and torment the ftomacke. 

Dioftorides al{o affirmeth, that the juice of thesoot being preffed out in the fpring, and drunke 
with meade or honied water, purgeth flegme:and not onely the juice,but alfothe decoétion of the 
root draweth forth flegme, cholef, and,,yaterith humours,and that very ftrongly , and it is withall 
oftentimes fo troublefOme to the ftomacke, as it procureth vomite, 

This kinde of {trong ‘purgation is good for thofe that haue the dropfie, the falling fickeneffe, 
and the dizzineffe and.fwimming of the braine and head,which hath continued long,and is hardly 
to be remooued : yet notivithftanding it is not dayly to be giuen (as Déoféorides 8dmonifheth) to 
them that haue the falling fickeneffe, for it will be troublefome enough to take it now and’then: 
and it is(as we haue faid)an exceeding {trong medicine, purging with violence,and very forceable 
for mans nature. 

The root put vp in manner ofa peffary bringeth forth the dead child and afterbirth : being boi- 
led fora bath to fit in, it worketh the fame effed. ; 


It fcoureth the skin, and taketh away wrinckles, freckles, funne burning,blacke marks, fpots,and ' 


{cars of the face,being tempered with the meale of vetches or Tares, or of Fenugreeke : or boiled 


in oile till it be confumed ; it takerh away blackeand blew pots, which come of ftripes:it is good | 


again{t Whitlowes:being ftamped with wine and applied it breaketh biles;and fmall apoftumes, 
it draweth forth fplinters and broken bones,if it be ftamped and Jaid thereto. 

The fame is alfo fitly'mixed with eatingthedicines, as Diofcorides writeth. 

The fruit is good4gaintt {cabs and tht léprie,if it be applied and annointed on, as the fame Au- 
thor affirmeth. “ 

Galen writeth, that it is profitable for~Tanners to thicken theirdeather hides with. 

Furthermote,an electuary made ofthe roots and hony or fugar,is fingular good for them that 
are fhort winded, troubled with an ld cough, paine in the fides, and for fuch as are hurt and bur- 
ften inwardly : for it diffolueth and featereth abroad congealed and clottered bloud. i 

Theroot ftamped with falt is good to be laid vpon filthy vicers and {eabbed legs. The fruite 
is likewife good to the fame intent if it be applied-in manner aforefaid. 

The root of Bryony and ofwake-Robin ftamped with fome fulphur or brim tone, and made vp 
into a maffe or lump and wrapped in a linnen clout, taketh away the morphew, freckles, and {pots 
of the face, if it be rubbed with the fame being dipped firft in vineger. 


Cuap. 321. Of blacke Brionie, or the wilde Vine. 


q The D Cfiription. 


I He black Bryony hath long flexible branches of awoodie fubftance, couered with 
a gaping or clouen barke growing very farre abroad, winding it felfe with his {mall 
tendrels about trees, hedges,and what elfe is next nto it, like vnto the branches of the Vine. The 


leaues are like vnto thofe of Inie or garden Nightthade, fharpe pointed, and of a fhining greene » 


coloursthe floures are white, fmall,and moffie ;which being paft,there fucceed little clufters of red 


berries } 


"Daseal ~ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


< eee og ae een 


4 5 


berries, fomwhat bigger than thofe of the fma I 

1 Bryonianigra, ‘ Raifons,or Ribes, which wee call Currans, or 
—~ Blacke Bryonie, 

‘Somes Commun 


{mall Raifins. The root is very. great and thick, 
oftentimes as bigge as amans legge, blackith 
without, and verte clammie or flimie within ; 
which being but fcraped with a knife,or any o- 
ther thing fit forthat purpote,it feemeth tobe 
a matter ht tofpread vpon cloth or leather in 
manner ofa plaifter or Seare-cloth: which be- 
ing fo fpread and vfed, it ferueth to lay vpon 
many infirmities , and ynto verie excellent 
purpofes, as thgll bee declated in the propet 
place. hs 
2° Thewilde Blacke Bryonie refembleth an Te 
the former, as wellin flendet Vinie Ralkes as aa | 
leanes ; ottt clafping tendrels hath it none, ne- it 
nertheleffe by reafon of the infinite branches, alt 
and the tenderneffe of the famé, it taketh’hold 
of thofe things that ftand next ynro it,’ ale 


though eafie to bee loofed, contrarié vnzO ee 1 
the other ofhis kinde. The berries heereofare a a a 
blacke of colour when they be tripe. The root ARE 4 


alfo is blacke without,and within ofa pale yel- a See 
low colour like box, +! This which is here 
defcribed is the Bryouia nigra Of Dodoneus A dy 
But Bauhine calleth it Bryonia Calba ; and Gee i 
faith it differeth from the common white By aw a iba 
, Bryonie,onely inthat the rootis of a yellow- a: 
ith boxe colour onthe in\de,and the fruit or a i 


berries are blacke when as they come toripe. teal i3h 
nefle, 


Bryonianigva floxens non frudium ferens. 


3, This is alrozether like the fir defcribed in roots, branches,and leaues;onely the faot-ftalké Ai 
whereon the floures grow are about eight or nine inches long : the floures are fomething greater, 
Hauing neither before or after their flouring any berries or fhew thereof; but the floures and foot- 
ftalks do foone withet and fall away : this T haute heretofore and now this Sommer, 162 1, diligent- 
ly obferuied , becatife it hathe not beene mentioned of obferued by any that I know. Joba 
Goodyer. + 


a i! 
@ The Place. : 1] 
The firft of thefe plants doth grow in hedges and buthes almott euery where, bain. 

The fecond groweth in Heffia, Saxonic, Weftphalia,Pomerland,and Mifnia,where white Bryo- Pade! eet 

i nie doth not grow,as Valerius Cordus hath written,who faith that itgrowes vnder Hafell-trees neere ; ai 

| vntoa citie of Germanic called Argentine,or Strawsborough. | 

vey The Time, Hea) Baht 

They {pring in March,bring forth their floures in May,and theit ripe fruitin September. . 

| The Names, 

Blacke Bryonie is called in Greeke sumo: ¢ye¢«:in Latine, Bryonianigra : and Vitis (ylueftris,ox wilde 

Vine ; notwith{tanding it doth not alittle différ from Labrufcaor Vites Vinefera fylueftris, thats to 

fay from the wilde vine, which bringeth forth winé,which is likewife called Ampelos agria: Why 

both thefewere called by one name,Pliny was the caufe, who could not fufficiently expound them Hal 

| inhis 23.booke,firft chapter ; but confounded them,and made them all one,in which errourare al- ite 
fo che Arabians. Em 

This wilde Vine alfo is called in Latine,7arus,and the fruit thereof 7va Taminia. Pliny naméth Bs 

» dtal(o Salicaftrum . Ruellius faith that in certaine {hops itis called Sigillum B.Mariz:it i8 al{ocalled. i 

| Cyclamines altera but not properly: in Englith,Blacke Bryonie, wilde Vine, and our Ladies -feale. ai 

@ The Temperature. ‘ hs 

The roots of the wild Vine are hot and drie in the third degree: the fruit is of like temperature, i 

| butyet nor fo forceable : both of them {eoure and wafte away. : ; Mh 

Dddd 2 qThe j 


fi 
| 
4| 


~aee 


——_. = 


———" 
——______— 


D | Ibis faid that {wine feeke after the roots hereof,which they dig vp and eat with no leffe de} 


$72 Of the Hiftorie of Planes. | Lain, 


@ The Vertues. 


Diofcorides faith, that the roots do purge waterith humours, and are good for fuch as haue the 
dropfie; ifthey be boiled in wine,adding vnto thewinea little fea water, and bee drunke in three 
ounces of faire frefh water : he faith furthermore,that che fruit or berries doth take away. the Sun. 
burne and other blemithes of the skin. 

B The berries do not onely clenfe and remoue fuch kinde of {pots,but do alfo very quickly wafte 
and confume away blacke and blew marks that come of bruifes and dric beatings, which thing al- 
fo the roots performe being laid vpon them. 


€ — The young and tender {proutings are kept in pickle,and referued to be eatenwith meatas Dio, 


corides teacheth.M atthiolus wsiteth that they are ferued at mens tables alfo inour age in Tufcanie; 
others report the like alfo to bedone in Andalofia,one of thekingdomes of Granado. 


than they do the roots of Cyslaminus,or Panis porcinus, whereupon it was called Cyclaminus altera 
Sow-bread , if this reafon ftand for good, then may we in like manner iome hereunto many ot 
roots,and likewife call them Cyclaminus altera,or Sow-bread : for fine do not fecke after the roots 
of this onely,digge them vpand greedily deuoure them, but the roots of divers other plants alfo, 
of which none are of the kindes of Sow-bread. It would therefore bea point of rafhneffe to affirth 
dae or our Ladies-feale to be a kinde of Sowbread,becaufe the roorsthereofare pleafant meat 
to fwine. 


E_. Theroot fpred vpona piece of fheepes leather, in mannerofa plaifter whileft it is yet freth and 


green,taketh away blacke or blew marks, all {cars and deformitie of the skin, breaketh hard apo- 
ftems,draweth forth {plinters and broken bones, diffolueth congealed bloud,and being laid on and 
vfed vpon the hip or huckle bones, fhoulders,armes,or any other pattwhere there is great pain and 
ache, it taketh it away in fhort fpace,and worketh very effectually, 


€ ‘The figure chat was formerly inthe fecond place of this chapter did no waies aeree with the difcriptian,for it was ofthe Viernasor Trauellors joy ( hereafter 
to be mentionéd; which Tabernamontanus, (whofe figures our Author made vf of ) calls Vitis migng fecunda, 


— 


Cuar. 322. Of Bryonie of Mexico. 
q The Defiription, 


k ‘Hat plant which is now called Mechoacan,or Bryonie of Mexico,commeth verie neere 
the kinds of Bindweeds, in leaues and trailing branches,but in roots like the Brionies; 
for there fhooteth from the root thereofmany long flender-tendrels,which doinfinit- 

ly grafpe and clafpe about fuch things as grow or ftand next vnto them : whereupon grow gréat 
broad leaues fharpe pointed,ofa darke greene colour, in fhape like thofe of our Ladies-{eale,fom- 
whatrough and hairie,and a little biting the tongue :among the leaues come forth the floures(as 
Nicolaus “Monardys writeth) not ynlike thofe of the Orenge tree,but rather of the golden Apple of 
loue,confifting of fiue {mall leaues : out of the middeft whereofcommeth forth a little clapper or 
peftell in manner ofa round lumpe,as big asa Hafell nut,which being divided witha thin skin, or 
membrane, thatcommeth through it, openeth into two parts,in each whereof are contained two 
feeds,as bigge as Peafe,in colourblackeand fhining. The root is thicke and long, veric like ynto 
the root of white Bryonie,whereof we ma\e this a kinde,although in the tafte of the roots there is 
fae difference: for the root of white Bryonie hath a bitter tafte,and this hath little orno tafteat 

MI). 

2 The Bryony,or Mechozcan of Peru groweth vp with many long trailing flexible branches,in- 

.terlaced with diners Vinie tendrels,which take hold of fuch things as are next or neere vnto them, 
éuen in fuch manner of cla{ping and climing as doth the blacke Bryonie,or wine Vine, whereunto 

itis very likealmoft in each re{peé,fauing that his moffic floures do fmell very fweetly. The fruit 

as yet I hae not obferued,by reafon that the plantwhich doth grow in my garden didnot perfeé& 

thefame,by occafion of the great rain and intemperate weather that hapned in 4#.1596.but lam 

in good hope to fee it in his perfe4tion,& thenwe fhall cafily iudge whether itbe that right Mo- 

choacan that hath been brought from Mexico and other places ofthe Weft Indies or no 2 The root 

by the figure fhould feeme ro anfwer that of the wilde Vine,but as yet thereof I cannot write cer- 
tainly. 

$ 3 Thereisbrought tovs and intovfe of late time the roor ofanother plant,which feemes 

te 


| Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


i Mechoacan. © 2 Mechoacan Peruvians, 
_ Bryonie of Mexico; Bryonie of Peru. 


Am, cy} 
iB 
x \\ 


Biya 


WAS 
Cie 
Si 


havie much affinitiewith Mechoacan, and therefore F 


t echoat aubine hath éalled it Bryonia Mechoatan nigri- 
 cans,and thus deliuers the hiftorie thereof, [It isasootlike Mechoacan,out couered with ablackith 
barke,and reddith(or rather grayi(h) on theinfide: and cut into flices, it was brought fome yeares 
agone out of India by the name Of Chelapasor Gelapa - It iscalled by thofe of Alexandriaand Mar- 
feilles Ialapinm or Gelapum : and of thafe of Marteilies itis thought the blacke or male Mechoacan : 
) The tafte is not vngratefull,bur gummy,and by r 


\ Retaters0 eafon of the much gumminefle, put to the fire it 
quickly flames : it in facultie exceeds the common Mechoacan ; for by reafon of the great gummi- 


ineffe it more powerfully purgeth ferous humours with a little Striping, alfo it principally ftreng- 
j thens the liuer and ftomacke, wherefore it is fafely giuen in the weightof 3j. and performies the 
popesstion withoutnaufeoufneff@ Iris vfually given in Succorie water, or fome thin broth three 


thoures before meat.) Thus much Bauhinewho faith it was fir(t brought to'thefe parts eleuen yeres 
before he fet forth his Prodromus 


f 310 that was about x 611. It hath beene little vfedhere till within 
| this ten yeares, + 


: G The Place. : Pah 0 
Some write that Mecheacan was firt found in the Prouince 6f New Spairie, néere vnto the citic 
Hof Mexico or Mexican,whereof it tooke his name. It groieth likewife in a prouince ofthe Welt 
\indies called Nicaraguaand Quito, where it is thought the beft doth gro. 


| ; iieen GF The Names. ; iss . 

\ Tebeareth his fame as is faid,of the prouince in which itis found.Some take it tobe Bryonia | 
ieées,or tobea kinde of Bryonie : but feeing the root is nothing bitter , but rather without tafte, it 
hath little agreement with Bryonie; for theront of Bryonie is verie bitter. Diners nameit Rhdal- 
ibumor white Rubarbe,but vnproperly,being hothing like: It commeth neere vato Scam mony,and 
if[ might yeeld my cenfure,it feemeth tobe Scammonium qnoddam A mericanunaor a certain Scam- 
monic of America. Scammonie creepeth, as wee haue fayd, afterthe manner of Bindweed. 
‘The roor is both white and thicke: the inice hath but little tafte, as alfo hath this of ae. 


Ichoacan : it is called in Englifh , Mechoca and Mechocan, and may bee called ,Endian Bry- 
vonie, 


pee 


Dddd z e Thé 


ae 


Fi 


8474. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


; >) mores. + 


Lup, 2 


The Temperature. 
The root is ofa meane temperature between hot and cold, but yet drie, 
 @ TheVertues. 

It purgeth by fiege,efpecially flegme,and then waterifh humours. Te is giuen from one ful dram 
weight to two,and that with wine,or with fome diftilled water(according as the difeafe requireth) 
or els in fleth broth. ° 

Itis tobe giuenwith good effect to all,whofe difeafes proceed of fegme and cold humors. It is 
good againft head-ache that hath continued long,old coughes, hardneffe ofbreathing, the colick, 
paine of the kidneies and ioints,the difeafes of the reines and belly. 


G i APs 323. Of the eM anured Vine. 


q The Kindes. 
ay He Vine may be accounted among thofe plants thar haue need of ftaiesand preps,and cannot 
ftand by themfelues it isheld vpwith polesand/frames of Wood, and by thar meanes it 
fpreadeth allabout and climbeth aloft : it ioyneth it felfe vnto trees,or whatfoeuer ftandeth next 
vnto it. 
Of Vines that bring forth wine,fome be tame and husbanded;and others that be wilde :of tame 
Vines there are many that are greater,and likewife another fort that be lefler. 


| The Defcription. 


He trunke or bodie of the Vine is great and thicke,very hard, couered with many barkes, and 
thofe full of clitfes or chinkes ; from which grow forth branches, as it werearmes, many wdies 


: fpreading , out of which come forth iointed {hoots and {prings: and from the bofome of thofe 


ioints, leaues,and clafping tendrels;and likewife bunches or elufters filled ful of grapes: the leaves 
be broad,fomething round,fiue cornered,and fomewhat indented about the edges; amongft which 
come forth many clafping tendrels, that take hold of {uch props or ftaies as do ftand next vnto it. 
The grapes do differ both in colour and greatneffe,and alfo in many other things, the which to dis 
ftinguith feuerally were impoffible,confidering the infinite forts or kindes; and alfo thofe which 
are tran{planted from one region or climate to another, do likewife alter both from the forme and 
taite they had before,in confideration whereof it fhall be futficient to fet forth the figute of the 
manured grape, and {peake {omewhat of the reft. ; 

There is found in Grwcia and the parts of Morea,as Pantalarea,Zante Cephaloniaand Petras (whets 
of fome are Iflands,and the other of the continent) a certaine Vine that hath atrunke or bodie of a 
wooddie fubftance,with a fealy or rugged bark,of a grayifh colour,whereupon do srow faire broad 
leaues,fleightly indented about the edges,not vnlike vnto thofe of the Mar(h-mallow ; fromthe 
bofome whereof come forth many fmall clafping tendrels,and-alfo tough and pliant foor-ftalkesy 
whereon do grow veric faire bunches of grapes,ofa watchet. blewith colour : from the which fruit 
commeth forth long tender laces or ftrings, fitch as is found among Sauorie , whereupon wee call” 
that plant which hath it laced Sauorie,notvnlike that,that groweth among, and vpon Flax, which 
we call Dodder,or Podazra lini, whereof is madeablacke winewwhich is called Greeke wine, yet of 
the tafte o fSacke, The laced fruit of this Vine may be fitly termed a barbata, Laced. or bears 
ded grapes. 

The plant that beareth thole fmall Raifins which are commonly called Cotans or Cufrans, or 
rather Raifins of Corinth, is not that plant which among the vulgar people isttaken for Currans, 
being a thrubbe or buth that bringeth forth fmall clufters of berries, differing asmuch as may bee 
from Corans,hauing no affinitie with the Vine or any kinde thereof. The Vine that bearerh {mall _ 
Raifins or Corans hath a bodie or ftocke as other Vines hauesbranches and tendrels likewife. The 
Jeaues are larger than any of the others, fhipt about the edges like the teeth of a faw:among which 
come forth clufters of grapes,in forme like the other,but {maller,ofablewith colour, which being’ 
ripe are gathered and laid vpon burdles,carpets, mats,andfuch likey inthe Suntodrie : thenate : 
they carried to fome houfe and laied vpon heapes,as we lay apples-andcorne ina garner, vatillthe 
merchants do buy them : then do they put them into large Buts or other woodden veffels, and 
tread chem downewith their bare feet,which they call-Stiuing,and fo are they brought into thefe 
parts for our vfe.. + And they arecommonly termed inLatine, -¥w#e Corinthiace, and Paffule min 


+ 
ns 


nere | 


Bl 


Leet. “SOF the Hiftory of Plants, ; 875 


Vitis Vinifera. : *. $\. There is alfo another which beareth exere- 
The manured Vine. 


ding faire grapes, whereof they make Raifins,whi- 


the common Raifin of the Sunne :yet that Grape 
whereof the Raifin of the Sun js made is a fate’ 
One; and thought to be the “wa Zibibi of the Ara. 
bians; and it is that which Tabernamontanus figu- 
red vnder that name, who therein was follo ved by 
our Authour : butthe figures being little to the 
purpofe, [haue thought good to omit them. + 

There is another kinde of Vine, which hath 
great leaucs very broad, of anoucrworhe colour 
whereupon do grow great bunches of Grapes of a 
blewith colour: the pulpe or meate whereof fic. 
keth Orcleaueth fo hard to the graines or little 
ftones,that the oneis not cafily diuided from the 
other ; refembling fome ftarued or withered ber. 
nie that hath been blafted, whereof it was named 
Duracinas 

There be fornevinies that bring forth grapes of 
awhitith or reddith yellow colour: others- of a 
deepe red, both in the outward skinne, pulpe, and 
iuyce within. 

There be others whofe Srapesareofablew co- 
Jour, orfomething red, yet is the iuyce like thofe 
ofthe former. Thefegrapes do yeeld forth a white 
winebefore they are put into the preffe,and a red- 
difhor paller Wine when they are trodden with 
the husks, and fo left to macetate or fermerit,with 
whichifthey remaine too long they yeeld forth a 
wine ofa highercolour. 

‘There be others which makeablackéand obfeure ted wine,whereof fome bring bigger clufters; 
and confit of greater grapes; others of leffer: fome grow more cluftred and clofer together,others 
loofer ; fomehaue but one. ftone, others more: fome make 2 more auftere or harfh wine, others a 
more fiveet : of fome the old wine is be , of divers, the fir yeares wine is moft excellent :' fome 
bring forth fruit foure {quare, of which forts.or kindes we have great plenty, « 


Bs The Place. * 

A fit foile for Vines, faith Florentinus, is euery blacke earth;which is not very clofenor clam- 
ny, hauing fome moifture ; notwithftanding Columella faith that great regard 1s tobe had what 
kinde or fort of Vine you would nourith, according to the nature of the countrey and foile, 

Awife husbandman will commit toa farand fruithill foile a leane Vine,and of his own nature 
Hot too fruitful : toaleane ground a fruitfull vine :toaclofeand compa, earth a {preading vine, 
and that is full of matter to makebranches of :to.a loofeand fruitfull foilea Vine of few bran. 
ches. The fame Co!wmella faith, that the Vine delighteth not in dung, of what kinde focuerit be, 
but freth mould mixed with fome fhauings ofhorne is the beft tobe difpofedabout the roots, to 
caufefertilitie, 


@ The Time: ay 
Columella faith, that the Vines mutt be pruned before the young branches bud forth. Pailadius 
| writeth, in Februarie: if they be pruned later they lofe their nouriyhment with weeping. 


| The Names, 
The Vine is called in Greeke ‘sume tndorese .a8 much to fay in Latine as, Vitis Vinifera.or the Vine 
which beareth wine 5 AML ppemedse Nudese + tHaDis, Hités man(uefadés, fire cultiva, Tame or manured Vine 


J And itis called susgsere,.that irmay-differ from both the Bryontes, the white and the blacke, and 

from Taye, or our, Ladies Seale, which be likewife named ‘Aumon, It is Called vite, becaute muita 
tur ad avas parrendas, Avis cherithed to theintent to bring forth full clufters;as Varro faith. 

Pliny maketh HuaZ (bebs, Alexandrina vitis, ot Vine of Alexandria, inhis fourteenth booke,and 

' third.chapter; defctiling the ame by thofe very words chat Theophraftes doth. Pigfeor ides fetteth 

\itdowne to be altera [becies Vitis fytucitris, Or a fecond kinde of wilde Vine ; but wee had rather’ re- 

.taine thamong the tame Vines, Wemay name it in Englifh, Raifin Vine. The fruits aa 


ter coloured, and much exceeding the bioneffe of. 


pp 


876 Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. = Li naz, 


called in fhops by the name of Paffularnm de Corintho - in Englith, Currans, or {mall Raifins, 
Sylueftris Vitis Or wilde Vine is called in Greeke “amare dex ; and in Latine Labrafca, asin Virgils 
Eclogs: 


Adfpice vt antram 
Sylucftris raris fparfit labrufca racemes, 


See how the wilde Vine — ‘ 
Bedecks the cauewith f{parfed clufters fine. 


To this wilde Vine doth belong thofe which Pliny in his fixteenth booke,chapter 27. feporteth 
tobecalled Trifer2,or that bring three fundry fruits in one yeare, as Infane and mad bearing 
Vines, becaufe in thofe fome clufters are ripe and full growne, fome in {welling , and others but 
flouring. 

The fruit of the Vine is called in Greeke 4mm, and expt : in Latine,Racemusand ¥xa-in Englith, 
abunch or clufter of Grapes. : 

The clufter of Grapes thathath been withered or dried inthe Sunis named in Greeke sal: in 
Latine, Ya pa(ffa: in thops, Pajfula : in Englith, Raifins of the Sun. 

The berry or Grape it felfe is called in Latine Acinws, and alfo Granum,as Democritus faith, {pea- 
king of the berry. 4 tu 4 ; ; : 

The feeds or ftones contained within the berries are called in Latine, Vinacea, and fometimes 
Nuclei : in fhops, villi, as though they fhould fay Variduli, becaufe they are dry, and yeeld no 
iuyce , notwithftanding /imacea are alfo taken in Columella for the droffe or remnant of the Grapes 
after they be preffed. ; ; . 

The ftalke, which is in the middle of the clufters, and vpon which the grapes do hang,is called 
of Gales, cérpuyes : OF Varro, Scapss uvarum. ; 

| The Temperature and Vertues. 

The tender and clafping branches of the Vineand the leaues do coole,and mightily bind. They 
ftay bleeding inany part of the body : they are goodagainft the laske, the bloudy flix, the heart- 
burne, heate of the ftomacke, or readineffe tovomit. It ftayeth the lufting or longing of women 
with childe, though they be but outwardly applied, and alfo taken inwardly any manner of waies, 
They be moreouer a remedie for the inflammation of the mouth, and almonds of the throat 5 
they be gargled, or the mouth wathed therewith, 

Of the fame faculty be alfothe clufters gathered before they beripe ; and likewife the bunches 
of the wilde grape, which is accounted to be more effectual! againft all thofe infirmities. 

Diofcorides faith, That the liquor which falleth from the body and branches being cut, and that 
fometime is turned as it were intoa gum (which driueth forth ftones out of the kidnies and blad. 
der, if the fame be drunke in wine) healeth ring-wormes, feabs, and leprie, but the place is ft to 
be rubbed with Nitre. Being often anointed or layd on it taketh away fuperfluous haires : but yet 
he faith that the fame is beft which iffueth forth of rhe greene and fmaller ftickes, efpecially that 
liquor which falleth away whileft the branches are burning, which taketh away watts, if it be laid 
on them. 

The ftones and other things remaining after the preffing are good againft the bloudy flix, the 
laske of long continuance, and for rhofe that aremuch fubie@ to vomiting, 

Theafhes made of the ftickes and drofle that remaine aftcr the preffing, being laid vpon the 
piles and hard fivellings about the fundament, doe cure the fame , being mixed with oile of Rue, 
or Herbe-grace and vineger, as the fame Author affirmeth, ithelpeth to ftrengthen members out 
of ieynt,and fuch asare bitten with any venomous beaft, and eafeth the paine of the fpleene or 
milt, being applied in manner of a plaifter. 

The later agedo vfe to makea lie of the afhes of Vine fticks, in compofitions of caufticke and 
burning medicines, which ferue in ftead of an hot-iron : the one we call a potentiall cauterie, and 
the other a@tuall. 


q] Of Grapes. 


F Grapes, thofe that are eaten raw do trouble the belly, and fill the ftomacke full of winde; 

efpecially fich as are ofa fowre and auftere tafte ; fich kindes of grapes doe very much hin- 

der the concos‘tion of the ftomacke ; and while they are difperfed through the liuer and veins they 
ingender cold and raw inyce,which cannot eafily be changed into good bloud. 

Sweet grapes and fuch as are thorow ripe,ate leffe hurtfull ; their iuyce is hotter, and iseafilier 
difperfed. They alfo fooner paflé thorow the belly, efpecially being moift, and moft of all if the 
liquor with the pulpe be taken without the ftones and skin, as Galen faith. 

The {ubftance of the ftones,although it be drier,and ofa binding quality, doth defcend thorow 
all 


aonr' Of the Hiftory of Plants. . 8 17 


| all the bowels, and is nothing changed : as alfothe skins, which are nothing at all alecred in the 
| body, orvery little. ity if 

Thofe grapes which haue a ftrong tafte of wine are ina meane betweene foure/and fweer, A 
Such grapes as haue little iuyce do nourith more, and thofe leffe that haue more iuyce : but B 
| thefe do fooner defcend ; for the body receitieth more nouri(hment by the pulpe than by the inice: 
| by theiuyce the belly is made more foluble. 
Grapes haue the preheminence among the Autumne fruits, and nourifh morethantheyall,but’ C 
yer not fomuch as figs: and they haue inthem little ill inyce, efpecially when they be thorow 
ripe. ospredsd 
F Ghats may be kept thewhole yeare, being ordered after that manner as foachimws Camerarius D 
reporteth. You fhall take (faith he) the meale of muftard feed, and ftrew in the bottome of any 
earthen potwell leaded ; whereupon you fhall tay the faireft bunches of the ripeft grapes , : the 
which you fhall couer with more of the forefaid meale, and lay vpon that another fort of Grapes, 
fo doing vntill the potbe full.’ Then thall you fill vp the pot ro the brim witha kinde of fiveete 


Wine called Mutt. The pot being very clofe couered thall be fet into fome Cellaror other cold Hi | 
place. The Grapes you may take forth at your pleafure, wathing them with faire water from the Pa erg 
powder. ea te 
| Of Raifias. 13 ' 
éy Raifins mof are fweet ; fome haue an auftere or harth tafte, Sweet Raifins are hotrer;au- E Hip 
{tere colder : borh of them-do moderately binde, but the auftere fomewhat more, which doe ‘ pe ET i 


more {trengthen the ftomacke. The {weet ones do neither flacken the ftomacke,nor maketheb lly ay un 
foluble, ifthey be taken with their ftones, which are of a binding qualitie : otheiwife the ftlohes i 
taken forth, they do make the belly loofe and foluble. .: ie kt 
Raifins do yeeld good nourifhment to the body, they hatie in them noill iuyce at all, but doe p Pa 
ingender fomewhat a thicke iuyce, which nétwithftanding doth nourifh the more. : , Ne ile? tite 
There cammeth of fieet and fat Raifins moft plenty of nourifhment : of which they are the G Paya 
beft that hauea thin skin. i a | 
There is in the fweet ones a temperate and fmoothing qualitie, with a power to clenfe mode- fy Hanes 2h 
rately. They are good for the cheft, lungs, winde-pipe, kidneyes, bladder, and for the ftomacke ; Bid aaa teh 
for they make fmoorh the roughneffe of the winde-pipe, and are good againft hoarfeneffe, fhore- hea 
neffe of breath, or difficultic of breathing: they ferue to concog the fpittle, and tq caufe it to rife Tae cae, 
moreé eafily in any difeafe whatfoeuer of the cheft, fides, and lungs,and do mitigate the paine of ee 
the kidneyes and bladder, which hath ioyned with it heateand fharpeneffe of vrine ; they dull and ' ; 
allay the malice of fharpe and biting humors that hurt the mouth ofthe ftomacke. } 7 ; 
Moreouer, Raifitts are good for the liner; as Galen writeth in his feuenth boake of medicines, J air i j 
accordiiig to the places affeGed : for they be of force to concost raw humors, and to reftrain their sie |i 
malignitie, and they themfelues do hardly putrific : befides, they are properly and of their owne ; 
fubftance familiar to the intrals,and cure any diftemperature,and nourifh much , wherein they are, 
chiefely to be commended, for Raifins nourith, ftrengthen, refift putrifaGion, and if there be any 
diftemperature by reafon of moifture or coldueffe, they helpe without any hurt; as the faid Galen 
affirmeth. | 
The old Phyfitians haue taught vs to take forth the ftones, as we may fee in diuers compofiti- x A eRe 
ons of the antient writers ; as in that compofition which is called in Galen, Arteriaca Mithridate, ak ° 
which hath the feeds of the Raifins taken forth : for feeing that Raifins containe inthema thicke i) 
fib tance, they cannot eafily paffe through the veines, but are apt to breed obftructions and ftop- Tae Te 
pings ofthe intrals : which things happen the rather by reafon of the feeds ;for they fomuch the a 
harder paffe through the body, and do quicklierand_ more eafily caufe obftructions, in thar they Haat 
are more aftringent or binding. Wherefore the feeds are to be taken out, for fo fhall the iuyce of 
the Raifins mote eafily paffé, and the fooner be diftributed through the intrals. 
Diofcorides reporteth, That Raifins chewed with pepper draw flegme and water ourofthe head. ea dae 
“Of Raifins is madea pultefle good for the gont, rottings about the ioynts, gangrens,and morti- a 
fied vicers: being ftamped with the herbe All-heale it quickly takes away the nailes that are loofe 
in the fingers of toes, being laid thereon.’ 


¢ Of Muft. 


Myvé called in Latine mufum, that is to fay, the liquor newly iffuing out of the grapes when yy apie 
they be trodden or preffed, doth fill the ftomacke and intralswith winde:; itis hardly dige- i 
fted ; itis ofa thicke iuyce,and if it donot {peedily paffe through the body it exo: a i) 

wurtfull, } 


i ee Ee 


8 Of the Hitterie of Plants. Liz.2. 


hurefull.. Ithath onely this one good thing in it (as Galen faith) that it maketh the body foluble: 

That which is fweeteft and preffed out of ripe Grapes doth fooneft paffe through bur that 
which is made of foure and auftere grapes is worft of all : it is more windy, ir is hardly concoéted, 
it ingendreth raw humors ; and although it dothdefcend with a loofeneffe of the belly, nowwith- 
ftanding it oftentimes withall bringeth the collicke and paines of the ftone: but if the belly be 
not mooued all things are theworfe, and more troublefome; and it oftentimes brings. an extreame 
laske, and the bloudy flix. 

That firft part of the wine thatcommeth forth of it felfe before the Grapes be hard preffed,is 
anfwerable to the Grape it felfe, and doth quickly defcend ; but that which iffues forth afterward, 
haning fome part of the nature of the ftones,ftalks; and skins, is much worfe. 


“@ Of Cate, 


F Cite that is made of Muft, which the Larines call Sapa,and Defrutum, is that liquor which 
we callin Englifh Cute,which is nade of the fweeteft Muft,by boyling it to a certain thick- 
nefle; or boyling it toa third part, as Co/ymellawsiteth, 

Pliny affirmeth, That Sapa and Defrutum do differ in the manner of the boyling ; and that Sapa is 
madewhen the new wine is boyled away till onely a third part remaineth : and Defratum tillhalfe 
be boyled. 

Sireum, (faith he in his fourteenth booke, cap.17.) which others call wuz, and we Sapa,aworke 
of wit, and not of nature, is made of new wine boyled to-a third part ; which being boiled to halfe 
we call Defrutum: 

Palladius ioyneth to thefe Caranum, whichas he faith is made when a third part is boiled away, 
and two remaine. 

Leontius 10 his Geoponicks fheweth, that Hepfema mutt be made of eight parts of new wine,and 
an hundred/ofwine it felfe boyled toathird, 

Galen teftificth, that ‘rus is new wine very muchboyled, The later Phyfitians docall Hep/ema 
or Sapa boyled wine. 

Cute or boyled wine is hot, yet not fohotas wine, butit~is thicker ; yet not fo eafily diftribu- 
ted or carried through the body, and 4t flowly defeendeth by vrine, but by the belly oftentimes 
fooner ; for it moderately maketh the fame foluble. 

Etnourifheth more, and filleth the body quickly ; yet doth it by reafon of his thickneffe fticke 
in the ftomacke fora time, and is not fo fit forthe Jiueror for the fpleene. Cutealfodoth digeft 
raw humors that fticke in thecheft and lungs, and raifeth them vp {peedily, It is therefore good 
for the cough and fhortneffe of breath, ne 

The Vintners of the Low-countries (Iwill not fay of London) doe make of Cute and Wine 
mixed ina certain proportion, a compound and counterfeit wine,w hich they fell for Candy wine, 
commonly called Malmfey. 

Plinylib.+4. cap.9. faith, that Cute was firft deuifed fora baftard hony. 


@ Of Wine. 


By fpeake of Wine, the iuyce of Grapes, which being newly preffed forth is called as we haue 
faid _Muflum or new wine: after the dregs and droffe are fetled,and now it appeareth pure 
and cleere, it is called in Greeke time: in Latine Yiaum : in Englith, Wine, and that not vaproper= 
ly., Forcertaine other iuyces; as of A pples, Pomegranats, Peares, Medlars, or Seruices, or {uch 
as otherwife made (for examples fake) of barley and Graine, be notat all fimply called wines, but 
with the nameofthe thing added whereof they do confift. Hereuponis the wine whichis pref 
fed forth of the pomegranat berries named Rhoites, or wine of pomegranats : ourof Quinces,Cydo- 
mites, orwine of Quinces : out of Peares, Apyites, or Perry :and that which is compounded of bar- 
ley is called Zythum,or Barley.wine : in Englifh, Ale or Beere. 
And other certaine wines haueborrowed fyrnames of the plants that haue beene fteeped or in- 
fufed in them. and yet all wines of the Vine, as VVormwood wine,Myrtle wine,and Hy flop wine, 
and thefe areal! called artificial wines. 

That is properly and fimply called wine which is preffed out of the grapes of the vine, and is 
without any mannerof mixture. 

The kindes of wines are not ofone nature, nor of one facultie or power, but of many differing 
one from another : for there is one difference thereof in tafte, another in colour ; the third is refer- 
red tothe confiftence or fub{tance of the wine ; the fourth. confifteth in the vertue and ftrength 
thereof, Galewaddeth that which is found in the fmell, which belongs ro the vertue and ftrength 
of the wine, 


That 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


Thatmay alfobe ioyned vnto them which refpecteth the age : for by age wines become hotter 
and fharper, and doe withall change oftentimes the colour, the fubftance,and the {mel! : for fome 
| wines are fweet of tafte ; others auitere or fomething harth , diuers of a rough tafte, or altogether 
har(h; and moft of them fufficient fharpe : therebe likewife wines of a middle fort, inclining to 
one or other qualitie. eS 

Wine is of colour either white or reddith, or ofa blackith deepe red,which is called blacke,or 
offome middle colour betweene thefe. f 

Some wine is of fub {tance altogether thin ; other fome thicke and fat ; and many alfo ofa mid- 
] dle confiftence. : 

Onewine is of great ftrength, and another is weake, which is called a waterifh wine : a ful wine 
| is called in Latine Yinofum. There be alfoamong thefe very many that be ofa middle ftrength, 

There is inall wines, be they neuer fo weake, a certaine winie {ub{tance thin and hot. There be 
likewife waterie parts, and alfodiuers earthy: for wine is not fimple,but (as Galen teftifieth in his 
1 fourth booke of the faculties of medicines) confifteth of parts that haue diuers faculties. 

Of the fundry mixture and proportion of thefe fubftances one with another there rife diuers and 
fundry faculties ofthe wine. 

That is the beftand fulleft wine in which the hot and winie parts do moft ofall abound : and 
| the weakeft is thacwherein the waterie haue the preheminence, 

The earthy fubftance abounding in the mixture caufeth the wine to be auftereor fomething 
harfh,as a crude or raw fubftance Noth make it altogetherharfh. The earthy fubftance being oa 
nered falleth downe, and in continuance of time finketh to the bottome, and becomes the dregs 
or lees of the wine: yet it is not alwaies wholly feuered, but hath both the taft and other qualities 
of this fubfance remaining in the wine. 

All wines haue their heate, partly from the proper nature and inward or originall heate of the 
vine, and partly from the Sun : for there isa double heatewhich ripeneth not only the grapes, but 
alfo all other fruits, as Galen teftifieth ; the one is proper and naturall to euery thing , the other is 
borrowed of the Sun : which if it be perceiued in any thing, it is vndoubtedly beft and efpecially 
in the ripening of grapes. 

For the heate which proceeds from the Sunconco¢teth the grapes and the iuyce of the grapes, 
and doth efpecially ripen them, ftirring vp and increafing the inward and natural] heat of the wine, 
which otherwife is fo ouerwhelmed with aboundance of raw and waterifh parts, as it feemes tobe 
dulled and almoft without life. 

For vnleffe wine had in it a proper and original] heate, the grapes could not be fo concocted by 
the force of the Sun; as that the wine thould become hot ; noleffe than many other things natu- 
| rally cold, whichalthough they be ripened and made perfeé by the heate of the Sun, do not for 
| all that lofe their originall nature; as the fruits, iuyces, or feeds of Mandrake, Nightfhade, Hem- 
locke, Poppy, and of other fuch like, which though they be made ripe, and brought to full perfe- 
“tion, yet {till retaine their owne cold qualitie. : 

Wherefore feeing that wine through the heate ofthe Sunne is for the moft part brought to his 
proper heate, and thar the heate and force is not all alike in all regions and places of the earth; 
therefore by reafon of the diuerfitie of regions and places, the wines are madenota little to differ 
in facultie. 

The ftronger and fuller wine groweth in hot countries and places that lie to the Sun; the rawer 
| and weaker in cold regions and prouinces that lie open to the North. 

The hotter the Sommer is the ftronger is the wine; the leffe hot or the moifter it is, the lefle ripe 
is thewine. Notwithftanding not onely the manner of the weather and of the Sunne maketh i 
qualities of the wine to differ,but the natiue propertie of the foile alfo; for both the taft and other 
qualities of the Wine are according tothe manner of the Soile. And itis very well knowne, 
that not only the colour of thewine, but the tafte alfo dependeth vpon the diuerfity ofthe grapes. 

Wine (as Galenwriteth) is hot in the fecond degree, and that which is very old in thethird;but 
new wine is hot in the firft degree: which things are efpecially to be vnderftood concerning the 
meane betweene the ftrongeft and the weakeft ; for the fulleft and mightieft(being but Horna,that 
is as I take it of one yeare old) are for the moft part hot inthe fecond degree. The weakeft and 
the moft waterith wines, although they be old, do feldome exceed the fecond degree. 

The drineffe is anfwerable to the heate in proportion,as Galen faith in his booke of Simples:but 
in his bookes of the gouernment of health he fheweth, that wine doth not onely heate , but alfo 
moiften ourbodies , and that the fame doth moiften and nourifh fuch bodies as are extreme dry = 
. and both thefe opinions be true. 

For the faculties ofwine are of one fort as it is a medicine, and of another as it is a nourifh- 
| ment ; which Galen in his booke of the faculties of nourifhments doth plainly thew, affirming that 
thofe qualities of thewine which Hippocrates writeth of in his booke of the manner of diet , be not 


as 


K 


ies 


te 


SE EP=Y 7 NINNNINNSEI EINECS "2PM ec 
880 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2, 


as anourifhment, but rather as ofa medicine. For wineas it isa medicine doth dry,efpecially be«. 
ing outwardly applied ; in which cafe, for that it doth not nourith the body at all, the drines doth: 
more plainly appeare, and is more manifeftly perceiued. : 

Wine isa fpeciall good medicine for an vicer, by reafonof his heate and moderate drying , as; 
Galen teacheth in his fourth booke of the method of healing, 

Hippocrates writeth, That vicers, what manner of ones foeuer they are, muftnot be moiftned yn. . 
leffe 1t be with wine : for that which is dry (as Galen addeth) commeth neeter to thatwhich is 
whole, and the thing that is moift, to that which is not whole. 

Iris manifeft that Wine is in power or facultie dry, and not ina@ ; for Wine actually is moift : 
and liquid, and alfo cold : for the fame caufeit likewife quencheth’ thirft, which is an appetite or 
defire ofcold and moift, and by this aGuall moifture(that we may fo terme it)itis ifit be inward. 
ly taken, not amedicine, buta nourifhment,, for it nourifheth, and through his moifture maketh | 
plenty ofbloud ; and by increafing the nourifhment it moiftneth the body, ynleffe peraduenture | 
it be old and very ftrong: for it is made fharpe and biting by long lying, and fuch kinde of Wine 
doth not onely heate, but alfoconfumeand dry the body, foras much as it is not now a nourifh- | 


ment, buta medicine, 

That wine which is neither fharpe by long lying nor made medicinabJe,doth nourith and moi 
ften, feruing as it were to make plenty ofnourifhment and bloud, by reafon thar through his a@u- 
all moifture it more moiftneth by feeding, nourifhing, and comforting, than it is ‘able todry by 
his power, 

Wine doth refreth the inward and natural! heate, com forteth the ftomacke, caufeth itto haue 
aN appetite to meate, moueth coucoétion, and conueyeth the nourithment through all parts of | 
the body, increafeth ftrength, inlargeth the body, maketh flegme thinne, bringeth forth by vrine 
cholericke and waterie humors, procureth fieating, ingendreth pure bloud,maketh the body wel 
coloured, and turneth an ill colour into a better. 

It is good for fuch asare ina confumption by reafon of fome difeafe, and that have need to 
haue their bodies nourifhed and refrefhed (alwaies ptouided they haue no feuer,) as Galen faith 
in his feuenth booke of the Method of curing. It reftoreth ftrength moft of all other. things, 


o 


and that fpeedily : It maketh a man metry and ioyfull : It putteth away feare, care, trou- 
bles of minde, and forrow :It moueth pleafure and lu of the body , and bringeth fleepe 
gently. 

And thefe things proceed of the moderate vfe of wine : for immoderate drinking of wine doth 
altogether bring the contrarie. They that are dtunke are diftraughted in minde, become foolith, 
and oppreffed with a drowfie fleepineffe, and be afterward taken with the Apoplexy, the gout, or 
altogether with other mo gricuous difeafes’, the braine, liuer,lungs, or fome other of the intrals 
being corruptéd with too often and ouermuch drinking of wine, 

Moteouer, wine is aremedy againft taking of Hemlocke or green Coriander,the inyce of black 
Poppy, Wolfs-bane,and Leopards-bane, Tode-ftooles,and other cold poyfons, and alfo againft 
the biting of ferpents, and ftings of venomous beafts, that hurt and kill by cooling. 

Wine alfo is a remedie againft the ouer-fulneffe and ftretching out of the fides, windy {wel 
lings,the greene ficknefle,the dropfie,and generally all cold infirmities of the ftomack,liuer,milt, 
and alfo ofthe matrix. 

But Wine which is of colour arid fubftance likewater, through fhining bright, pure, of a 
thin fubftance, which is called white, is of all wines theweakeft , and. ifthe fame fhould be tem- 
pered with water itwould beare very little : and hereupon Hippocrates calleth itinp%eer, that is to 
fay, bearing little water to delay itwithall. 

This troubbleth the head and hurteth the finewes leffe than others do, and isnot vapleafant to | 
the ftomacke : it is eafily and quickly difperfed thorow all parts of the body: it is giuen with far | 
leffc danger than any other wine to thofe that haue the Ague (except fome inflammation or hog | 
fivelling be fufpeaed) and oftentimes with good fucceffe to fuchas haue intermitting feuers ; for 
as Galen,lib.8. ofhis Method faith, it helpeth concoétion, digefteth humors that be halfe Taw,pro= 
cureth vrine and fweat, and is good for thofe that cannot fleepe,and that be full of careand forrow, 
and for fuch as are ouerwearied. | 

Blacke wine,that is to fay wine ofa deepe red colour, is thicke, and hardly difperfed, and doth | 
not eafily paffe through the bladder : it quickly taketh hold of the braine,and makes a man drunk : 
itis harder of digeftion : it remaineth longer in the body ; it eafily ftoppeth the liver and {pleene; 
for the moft part it bindes,notwithftanding it nourifheth more,and is more fit to ingender bloud : 
it filleth the body with fleth fooner than others do. 

Thatwhich is ofa light crimfon red colour is for the moft part more delightfullrothe tafte, | 
fitter for the ftomacke ; it is fooner and eafier difperfed : it tronbleth the head leffe,it remains not , | 
fo long vnder the fhort ribs,and eafilier defcendeth to the bladder than blackewine doth: it aoe 
alfo 


Li Be 2. Of the Hiftory of P lants, 8 8y 


a 
alfo make the belly coftiue,if fo be that it be notripe. For fuch crude and rouch wines doofter 
times moleft weake ftomackes, and are troublefome tothe belly. oo 

Reddith yellow wine feemeth to be in a meane betweenea thin and thicke fubftance other. A 
'wileit is of all vines the hotteft; aand fuffereth moft water to be mixed with it. as # pbaccae ‘ 

writeth. , 2 Ley 

The old'vine of this kinde, being ofa thin fubftance and good fimell, isa fingular medicine for B 
all thofe that aremuch fubje& to {wouning, although the caufe thereof proceed Bieholer thee : 
hurteth the mouth of the ftomacke, as Galen teftifieth in the 12. booke of his metliod. ‘ 

Sweete wine the leffe-hot it is, the lefle doth it trouble the head, and offend the minde: andit C 
better paffeth through the belly, making it oftentimes fOluble: but it doth not {0 eafily pa ffe 3 

defcend by vrine. / 

Againe, the thicker it is of fub ftance, the harder and flowlier it paff.th through : itis ood for D 
the lungs,and for thofe thathauethecough. Itripeneth raw humours that fticke in the aed and 
catrferh them to be eafilier fpit vp ; but it is not fo good for the liuer, whereunro it bringeth a 
fmal| hurt when cither it is: inflamed, or {chirrous, orwhen it is topped. It is alfoan Shean to 
the {pleene,it fticketh vnder the fhort ribs,and is hurcfull to thofe that are full of choler. Forchis 
kind of wine, efpecially the thicker it is,is in them very fpeedily turned into choler:and in others 
whenit is well concoétod, it increafeth plenty ofnourifhment. 

Aufterewine,or that which is fomewhat harfh in taft,nourifheth not much . and if fo bethatit EB 
be thinand white, it is apt to prouoke vrine, it leffe troubleth the head, it is not quickly divefted 
for which caufeit is the more to be fhunned,as Galez faith in his 12. booke of his method, is i 

That wine which is altogether harth or rough in taft, the leffe ripe it is, the neerer it commeth F 
tothe qualities of Veriuice made of fower grapes, being euidently binding. It &rengheneth a 
weake ftomacke;it is good againft the vnkindely Jufting or longing of womenwith child . it {tat 
eth the laske, but it fticketh in the bowels : breedeth {toppings in the liuer and milr;ir flowly def 
cendeth by vrine, and fomething troubleth the head. . 
= Oldwine which is alfo made fharpe by reafon of age, is not onely troublefome to the braine, G 
butalfo hurteth the finewes: it is anenemy tothe entrailes, and maketh the body leane. 5 

New winc,and wine of the firft yeere,doth eafily make the body to fwell,and ingendrethwinde, H 
it caufeth troublefome dreames,efpecially that which isnot throughly refined, or thicke or very 
fwect : for fuch do fooner fticke in the intrailes than others do, Orher wines that are ina mshe in 
colour, fubftance, tafte,or age,as they dodecline in vertues and goodnefle from the extreames ; fo 
alfo they be free from their faults and difcommodities. They come neere in faculties to thofe 
wines whereunto they be next, either in colour,tafte, or fubftance,or elfe in fmell or in age. 

Wine is fitteft for thofe that be of nature cold and dry’; and alfo for old men, as Galen Sheweth 
in his fifth booke of the gouernment of health: for tt heateth all the members of their bodies 
and purgeth away thewatery part of thebloud,iftheir be any. ‘ 

The beft wines are thofe that be of a fat fubftance ; for chofe both increafe bloud,and nourifth K 
the body; both which commodities they bring to ald men, efpecially at fuch time as they haue no 
ferous humour in their veines, and haue need of much nourifhment. It happeneth shat oftentimes 
there doth abound in their bodies a waterith excrement, and then ftand they in moft need of all of 
{uch wines as do prouoke vrine. 

Aswine is beft for old men, fo it is worft for children : by reafon that being drunke,it both moi- f, 
fteneth and dryeth ouermuch, andalfo filleth the head with vapours, in thofe who are of a moift 
and hot compleétion, or whofe bodies are in a meane betweene the extreames, whom Galez in his 
booke of the gouernment of health doth perfuade, that they fhould not fo muchas tafte of wine 
fora very long time:for neither is it good for them to haue their heads filled nor to be made moitt 
and hot, more than is fufficient,becaufe they are already of fuch a heate and moifture, as if you 
fhould but little increafe either qualitie, they would forthwith fall into the extreme. 

- And feeing that every exceffe is tobe fhunned,it is expedient moft ofall to fhun this,by which M 
not onely the body, but alfo the minde receiueth hurt. . 

Wherefore we thinke,that wine is not fit for men that be already of fullage,vnleffe it bemode- N 

rately taken,becaufe is carieth them headlong into fury and luft, and troub lethand dulleth the re- 


fonable part of the minde. 


q Of the delaying, or tempering of Wine. 


T was an ancient cuftome, and of long continuance in old time, forwines tobe mixed withwa- O 
“tet, as itis plaine and euident not onely by Hippocrates, but alfoby other old mens writings, 
Wine firft began to be mixed with water for healch and wholefomeneffe fake : for as Hippocra- 
es writeth in his booke of ancient Phyficke, being fimply and of ic felfe niuch drunke, it ma- 
Bega kerh 


} Soest a 


= 


H 


$82 Of it Bitorie br Plants. Leis 


Le Pate Sha 4 Tae ae ae. = a 
ketha manin fome fortweake and feeble: which thing owid,feemeth aifoto allow of writing 
thus : 


Vt Venus eneruat vires, fic copia vini 
para é 
Et tentat griffus, de rilitatque pedes. 


As Venery the vigour fpends, fo ftore of wine 
Makes man to ftagger, makes his ftrength decline. 


Moteouer, wine is the fweeter, hauing water poured into it,as Lt thenaus faith. Homer 
commendeth that wine which is welland fitly allaied. PAjlocorws writeth (as Atheneus reporteth) 
that 4mphiétyon king of Athens was the firft that allaied wine, as hauing learned the fame of Div. 
nyfius : wherefore he faith,that thofe who in that manner drunke it remained in health,that before 
had their bodies feebled and ouerweakened with pure and ynmixed wine. 

The maner of mingling@rpenapering of wine was diuers : for fometimes to one part of wine, 
there were added two,and fometimes three or foure of water 3 Or two parts of wine three of water: 
ofa lefle delay was that which confifted of equall parts of wine and water. 

The old Comedians did thinke that this leffer mixture was fufficient to make men mad,among 
whom was Mze/ithezs,whofe words be extant in Atheneus, 

Hippocrates in the feuenth booke of his Aphorifmes faith that this manner of tempering of wine 
and water by equall parts bringeth as it were a light pleafant drunkenneffe,and that it isa kinde of 
remedy againft difquietneffe,yawnings,and fhiuerings,and this mingling belongeth to the ftron. 
geft wines. 

Suchkinde of wines they might be which in times paft the Scythians were reported of the old 
writers to drinke, who for this caufe docall vnmixed wine the Scythians drinke. And they that 
drinke fimple wine fay,that they will Scyth:Xare, or doas the Scythians do ,as we may reade in the 
tenth booke of Lsth -neus. 

The Scythians,as Hippocrates and divers other of the old writers affirme, be people of Germany 
beyond the floud Danubius, which is alfo called Ifter: Rhene is ariuer of Scythia:and Cyrm 
hauing paffed ouer I {ter is reported to haue come into the borders of the Scythians. “ 

And inthis ourage all the people of Germany do drinke vnmixed wire, which groweth in thei 


likewife 


-owne countrey,and likewife other people ofthe North parts, who make no {eruple at all to drinke 


of the ftrongeft wines without any mixture. 


q Of the liquor which is deftilled out of wine, commonly 
called, Aqua vite. 


i she is drawne out of Wine a liquor, which in Latine is commonly called Aqua vite, orwas 
ter of life,and alfo Aqua ardens, or burning water, which as diftulled waters are drawne out of 
herbes and other things, is after the fame manner diftilled out of {trong wine, that is to fay, by 
certaine inftruments made for this purpofe,which are commonly called Limbeckes. 

This kinde of liquor is in colour and fubftance like vnto waters diftilled out of herbes,and alfo 
refembleth cleere fimple water in colour,but in facul tie it farre differeth. 

It beareth the fyrname of life, becaufe that it ferueth to preferue and prolong the life of 
man. 

It is called Ardens,burning, for that it is eafily turned intoa burning flame : for feeing it is not 
any other thing than the thinneft and ftrongeft part of the wine, ir being putto the flame of fire, 
is quickly burned. 

This liquor is very hot,and ofmoft fubtill and thin parts, hot and dry in the later end of the 
third degree,efpecially the pureft {pirits thereof: for the purer it is,the hotter it is,the dryer, and 
of thinner parts : which is made more pure by often diftilling. 

This water diftilled out of wine is good for all thofe that are made cold cither by along dif- 
eafe, or through age,as for old and impotent men : for itcherifheth and increafeth natural] heate;: 
vpholdeth ftrength,repaireth and augmenteth the fame: it prolongeth life,quickeneth all the fen- 
a doth not only preferue the memory,but alforecouereth it when it is loft: it fharpeneth the 

ight. 

"Tt is fit for thofe thatare taken with the Catalepfie(which is a difeafe in the braine proceeding 
of drineffe and co'd)and are fubjea& to dead fleepes, if there be no feuer joined ,it ferueth forthe 
weakeneffe,trembling,and beating ofthe hart; it frengtheneth and heateth a fecble ftomacke ; it 


-confumeth windeboth inthe ftomacke, fides, and bowels ;it maketh good concoétion of meate, 


Bi. 


and is a fingular remedy againft cold poifons. 
Ithath fuch force and power, in ftrengthening of the hart, and ftirreth vp the inftruments of the 
fenfes, 


Tsiay 2 OF the Hiftory of Plants. 883 : 


fenfes, thar it is moft effectuall,not onely inwardly taken tothe quantitic of a little fpoonefull, 
- but alfo outwardly applied : that is to fay, {et to the nofthrils,or laid vpon the temples of the head, 
_ and to the wrefts of the armes; and alfo to foment and bath fundry hurts and griefes, 
Being held in the mouth it helpeth the tooth-ache:it is alfo good againft cold cramps and con- A+ 
vulfions, being chafed and rubbed therewith. 
Some are bold to giue it in quartaines before the fic, efpecially after the height or primofthe B 
difeafe. ‘ 
This water is tobe giuen inwine with great iudgementand difcretion ;for fecing it is extreme C 
hor, and of moft fubrill parts, and nothing elfe but thevery {pirit of thewine, ir mof {peedily 
peirceth through, and doth eafily affault and hurt the braine. Wak 
__ Therefore it may be given to fuch as haue the apoplexie and falling fickneffe, the megrim,the D Cae Ey 
headach of long continuance, the Vertigo,or giddinefle proceeding through a cold caufe:yer can il 
it not be alwaies fafely giuen , for vnleffe the matter the efficient caufe of the difeafe be fmal], and 
the ficke man of temperature very cold, it cannot be miniftred without danger : for thar it {pre- 
deth anddifperfeth the humours, it filleth or ftuffeth che head, and maketh the ficke man worfe : 
and if the humours be hot,as bloud is, it doth not a little increafe inflammations alfo. 

This water is hurtful} to all that be of nature and complexion hot,and moft ofall tocholericke E 
menzit is alfo offenfiue to the liuer,and likewife vnprofitable for the kidnies, being often and plen- it 
tifully taken. i| 

If fhould take in-hand towrite of eucry mixture, ofeach infufion,ofthe fundry colours, and : 
eucry other circumftance that the vulgar people doe giue vnto this water, and their divers vie, I AH 
fhould fperid much time butto {mall purpofe. 4 


© Of Argall,T artaror wine Lees. Hi Hae 


he Lees ofwine which is:become hard like a cruft, and fticketh to the fides of the veflell;and B nee th 
wine casks,being dried ,hard,found,and well compaét,and which way be beaten into powder,is 

called infhops Tartarum ;: in Englifh,Argall,and Tartar. j 

Thefe Lees are vfed for many things , the filuer-Smiths polith their filuer herewith : the Diers 
vfeit: and it is profitable in medicine. Bn 

Itdoth greatly dry and waft.away,as Paulus @gineta faith: it hathwithall a binding faculrie, H Ah ae a a 
proceeding from the kinde of wine, of which ir commeth. 

The fame ferueth for moift difeafes of the body : it is good for them that haue the greene fick- ae 
nes and the dropfie,efpecial ly that kinde that lieth in the fleth,called in Latine,Lencophlagmatica : if i 
being taken euery day fafting halfe a penny weight or a full penny weight (which isa dram and ae | 
nine graines after the Romanes computation) doth not onely dry vp the waterith excrements, and i : 
voideth them by vrine, but it preuaileth much toclenfe the belly by fiege. Mei died 

It would worke more effectually, if it were mixed either with hot {pices, orwith otherthings K Bite | 
that breakewinde, or elfe with diuretickes, which are medicines that prouoke vrine ; likewife to Bie ahs 7 
be mixed with gentle purgers, as the ficke mans cafe fhall require. Ue 

The fame of it felfe, or tempered with Oile of Myrtles, isa remedy againft foft {wellings,as D7 
efeorides teachcth : it ftaieth the laske,and vomiting,being applied outwardly vpon the region of 
the ftomacke in a pultis ; and if it be laid to the bottome of the belly and feeret parts, it ftoppeth 
the whites,wafteth away hot fwellings of the kernels inthe flankes,and other places, which be bien 
not yet exulcerated : it affwageth great brefts,and dryeth vp the milke, if it be anointed onwith bie 
vineger. 

Thefe Lees are oftentimes burnt:if it become all white it isa figne of right and perfe&t burning, jy RTT te 
for tillthen it mutt be burned :being foburnt, the Grecians terme it, «plan, as efigseta faith ; the 
Apothecaries call it, Tartarum uftum, and Tartarum calcinatum ; that it to fay, burnt orealcined 


Q 


=. 
- 


Tartar. A fi £ 
It hath a very great caufticke or burning qualitie : it clenfeth and throughly heateth, bindeth, N Rat ae ll 
eateth, and very much drieth,as Diofcorides doth write: being mixed with Rofin, it maketh rough a ae ee 


and ill nailes to fall away : Pawlys faith, that it is mixed with caufticks or burning medicines to 
Ancreafe their burning qualitie: it mutt be vfed whileft it is new made, becaufe it quickly vani- 
theth : for the Lees of wine burned, do foone relent or wax moift, and are {peedily refolued into 
liquor ; therefore he that would vfe it dry, muft haue it put inaglaffe, or glaffed veffell well ftop- 
ped, and fet ina horand dry place. It melteth and is turned into liquorifitbe hanged ina linen 
bag in fome place inaceller vnder the ground. Aine 
The Apothecaries call this liquor that droppeth away from itoile of Tartar. It retaineth a cau- 0 tay 

fticke and burning quality,and alfo avery dry facultie : it very foon taketh away leprie,fcabs,tet- iia 
ters, and other filth and deformitie ofthe skin and face: with an equall quantitie of Rofe water i) 

~ Eeee 2 added, f f 


eee 


884. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. — Ie ea 


added, and as much Cerufe as is fufficient for a liniment, wherewith the blemifhed or fpotted 
parts muft be anointed ouer night. 


@| The briefefuinme of that hath beewfaid of the Vine, 


g- He iuyce of the greene leaues, branches, and tendrels of the Vine drunken; is good for thofe 
that vomit and {pit bloud, for the bloudy flix,and for women with childe that vomite ouer 
much. The kernel! within the grapes boyled in water and drunke hath the fame effet. ; 
Wine moderately drunke proficeth much, and maketh good digeftion, but ithurteth and di- 
ftempereth them that drinke it feldome. P 

White wine is good to be drunke before meate 3 it preferueth the body, and piercerh quickely 
into the bladder : but vpona full Romackeit rather maketh Oppilations or ftoppings, becaufe it 
doth fwiftly drive downe meate before Nature hath of her felfe digefted it. 

Claret wine doth greatly nourifh and warme the body, and is wholefome with meate, efpecial- 
ly vnto phlegmaticke people; butvery vnwholefome for yong children, as Galen faith, becaufe it 
heateth aboue nature, and hurteth the head. 

Red wine ftops the belly, cortupteth the bloud, breedcth the ftone,is hurtful toold people,and, 
good or profitable to few, faueto fuch as ae troubled with the Jaske, bloudy flix, orany other 
Joofenefle of the body. 

Sacke or Spanifh wine hath beene vied ofa long time tobe drunke after meate , to caufe the 
meate the better to digeft ; but common experience hath found it to be more beneficial to the 
ftomacke to be drunke before meate. 

Likewife Malm{ey, Muskadell, Baftard, and {uch like feet wines haue been vfed before meat, 
to comfort the cold and weake ftomacke,efpecially being taken fa{ting : but experience teacheth, 
that Sacke drunke in ftead thereof is much better, and warmeth more effectually. 

Almighty God for the comfort of mankinde ordained Wine; but decreed withall, That ic 
fhould be moderatly taken, for fo it is wholfome and comfortable : but when meafure is turned in- 
to exceffe, it becommeth vnwholefome, and a poyfon mot venomous,relaxing the finewes,bring= 
ing with it the palfey and falling fickneffe: to thofe ofa middle age it bringeth hot feuers, frenfie, 
and lecherie ; it confimeth the liver and other of the inward parts : befides, how little credence is 
t0 begiuen to drunkards it is euident , for though they be mighty men, yet it maketh them mon- 
fters, afd worfe than brute beafts. Finally ina word toconclude; this exceffiue drinking of Wine 
difhonoteth Noblemen, beggereth the poore, and more haute beene deftroyed by furfeiting there. 
with, than by the fivord, 5 


Crap. 324. Of Hops. 
a The Kinds. 


Here be two forts of Hops :one the manured or the Garden Hop ; the other wildeor of thé 
{#& hedge. 


q TheD efeription. 
/ 4 ure 


I He Hop doth lite and flourih by embracing and taking hold of poles, pearches, and 
other things vpon which it climeth. It bringeth forth very long ftalkes, rough, and 
hairie ; alfo rugged leaues broad like thofe of the Vine, orrather of Bryonie, but yet 

blacker, and with fewer dented diuifions : the foures hang downe by clufters from the tops of the 
branches, puffed vp, fet as itwerewith fcales like little canes, or {ealed Pine apples, of a whitifl 
colour tending ro yellownefie, ftrong of fmel] : theroots are flender,and diuerfly folded one with- 
in another, 

2 Thewilde Hop differeth not from the manured Hop in forme or fathion, but is altogether 

leffer, as wellin the clufters of floures, as alfo inthe franke fkoots, and doth not bring forth fuch 
ftore of floures, wherein efpecially confifteth the difference, 


ae q The Place. ua4 
The Hop ioyeth ina fatand fruitfull ground :it profpereth the better by manuring :alfo it 
groweth among briers and chornes about the borders of fields, I meane the wilde kinde, 


q The 


e Lspeia Of the Hiftory of Plants. 18 885 


1 Lupus falittarius. @ The Time. 


The floures of hops are gathered in Auguft and 
September,and referued to be vfed in beere : in the 
Spring time come forth new fhoots or buds:in the 
Winter onely the roots remaine aliue. 

@ The Names, 

It is called in fhopsand inall other places Ly- 
pulus > of fome, Lupus faliarins, or Lapulus faliha- 
vivs : in high-Duteh , PHopllen : in low-Dutch, 
Poppe ¢ in Spanith, Hombrezillos :1n French, Hox. 
blon : in Englith, Hops. 

Pliny, l1b,2'. cap.t5. maketh mention of Hops 
among the prickly plants. 

S| The Temperature. 

The floures of the hop are hot and dry in the {e- 
cond degree: they fill and ftuffe the head,and hurt 
the fame with their ftrong {mell. Of the fame rem- 
perature alfo are the leaues them{lues,which doe 
likewife open and clenfe, 

y The Vertues. 

The buds or firft fprouts which come forth in 
the Spring are vfed to be eaten in fallads ; yet are 
they, as Péiny {aith, more toothfome than nouri- 
fhing, for they yeeld but very mal! nourifhment: 
notwithftanding they be good for the intrals,both 
in opening and procuring of vrine, and likewife in 
keeping the body foluble. 

Theleaues and little tender ftalkes,and alfo the 
: floures themfelues remoue {toppings out of the li- 

i uer and f{pleene, purge by vrine, helpe the {pleene, 
clenfe the bloud, and be profitable againft long lingering Agues, fcabs, and fuch like filth ofthe 
skin, if they be boyled in whay. : j 

The iuyce isof mote force, and doth not onely remoue ob ftru tions out of the intrals, but itis 
alfo thought toauoid choler and flegme by the ftoole. It is written, that the fame dropped into 
the eares taketh away the {tench and corruption thereof. 
The floures are vfed to feafon Beere or Ale with, and too many do caufe bitterneffe thereof, and 
are ill for the head. 
The floures make bread light, and the lumpe to be fooner and eafilier leaucned, if the meale be 
_ tempered with liquor wherein they haue been boyled. 5 
The decoction of hops drunke openeth the toppings of the liwer, the {pleene,and kidneyes,and 
purgeth the bloud from all corrupt umors, caufing the fame to come forth w ith the vrine. 
The iuyce of Hops openeth the belly, and driucth forth yellow and cholericke humours, and 
purgeth the bloud from all filthineffe. 
The manifold vertues of Hops do manifeftly argue the whol fomeneffe of beere aboue ale; for 
the hops rather make it a phy ficall drinke to keepe the body in health, han an ordinary drinke for 
the quenching of our thirft. . 


Cua. 325. Of Trauellers-Foy. 
@ The Defiription: 


: butnoc properly ; whofe long wooddy and viny branches extend themfelues very far 
and into infinice numbers, decking with his clafping tendrels and white ae 

floures (being very fiveer) all the buthes, hedges, and (hrubs that are neere ynto ity is tenes a 
many branched ftalkes, thicke, tough, full of (hoors and clafping tendrels, Si aaa it ae fa 
felfe vpon the hedzes, and taketh hold and we! euery thingrliit ftanderh neers 
e ‘ 


A AST abt j “pre ore 
I He plane which Zobe/ fecteth forth vnder the title of Viorna, Dodoneus makes itis alba , 


AA 


PONE Ce “ae 


886 ——sOf the Hiftorie of Plants. Liner 


it. The leaues are faftned for the molt part by fiues vpon one rib or tem, twoon either fide , and 
one in the midft or point ftanding alone ; which leaues are broad like thofe of luy, but not corne- 
red.atall:among which come forth clufters of white floures,and after them great tufts of flat 
feeds, each feed hauing a fine white plume like a feather faftned to it, which maketh in the winter 
a goodly fhew, couering the hedges white all onerwith his feather-like tops. The root is long, 
tough,and thicke, with many ftrings faftned thereto. ; nf 
2 -Clufivs hath fet forth akind of Clematis, calling it (lematis Betica, having a marvellous long 
fmall branch full of ioynts,with many leaues indented about the edges like thofe of the peare tree, 
but ftiffer and {maller, comming from euery ioynr; from whence alfoat each ioynt proceéd two 
fmall clafping tendrels, as alfo the {mall foot-ftalkes whereon the feeds do ftand,growing in grear 
tufted plumes or feathers,like vnto the precedent, whereof itisakinde. The floures are not ex. 
prefled in the figure, nor feene by the Author,and therefore what hath been faid fhall fuffice. 


1 Viorna. ; 2 Clematis Batica. 
The Traueliers Ioy., , 
AS HOLb ow ‘ A ops 


The Spanifh Trauellers Toy. 


@ The Place. 

The Travellers Toy is found in the borders of fields among thornes and bricrs, almoft in euerie 
hedge as you go from Grauefend to Canturbury in Kent ; In many places of Effex,and in moftof 
thefe Southerly parts about London, but not in the North of England that I can heare of. 

The fecond is a ftranger in thefe parts : yet haue I found it in the Ifle of Wight, and inawood 
by Waltham abbey. 

@ The Time. 
The floures come forth in Tuly : the beauty thereof appeares in Nouemtber and December. 
q The Names, 

The firft is called commonly Vierna, quali vias ornans, of decking and adorning waies and hed- 
ges,where people trauel ;and thereupon I haue named it the Trauellers Ioy of Fuchfius itis called 
Vitis nigra: Of Dodoneus,Vitalba : of Matthiolws, Clematis altera - Of Cordus, Vitis alba: of Diofcorides, 
Vitis (ylueftris : of T heophrafus, Atragene: in Dutch, Winer in French,as Ruelliss writeth,Viorne. 

q The Temperature and Vertues. 

Thefe plants hane novfe in phyficke as yet found out, but are efteemed onely for pleafure; by 
reafon of the goodly fhadow which they make with their thicke bufhing and clyming, as alfo for 
the beauty of the floures,and the plcafant fent or fauor of the fame. 3 


CHAR 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 887 : 


Cuar. 326. Of Ladies Bower,or Virgins Bower. 
| The Defcription, 


I PY sie which Lobel defcribeth by the name Clematis peregrina, hath very ‘long and flender 

* ftalks like the Vine,which are iointed,of adarke colour;it ¢limeth aloft,and taketh hold 

with his crooked clafpers vpon euery thing that ftandeth neere vato it: it hath many leaues diui- 

ded into diuers parts;among which come the floures that hang vpon flender foot-ftalkes, fome- 

thing like to thofe of Peruinckle,confifting onely of foure leaues,ofa bleiy colour,and fometimes 

purpie,with certaine threds in the middle : the feeds be flat,plaine,and fharpe pointed, The roots 
are flender,and {preading all about. 


K 2 Clematis peregrina Carulea,five rubre. £3 Clematis Cerulea flore pleno. 
Blew or red floured Ladics-bawer. Double floured Virgins-bower. 
YL lex LB a» { 


33: Tite fecond differeth not from the other, in leaues, ftalkes, hranches norfeed. The onely 
difference confifteth in that , that this plant bringeth forthred floures, and the other blew. 


$ 3  Thereispreferued alfo in fome Gardens another fort of this Clematis, which in rootes, Phe) a 
leaues,branches,and manner of growing differs not from the former: but the floure is much diffe- ae 
rent,being compofed of abundance of longith narrow leaues,growing thicke together,with foure i Te 
broaderorlarger leaues lying vnder,or bearing them vp,and thefe leaues are ofa darke blewith puz- A 


plecolour.clufivs calls this Clematis altera flore pleno. + 
| The Place. 
Thefe plants delight to grow in Sunnie places ; they profper better ina fruitful foile than in 
barren. They grow in my garden, where they flourith excecdingly. ; 
W) The Time. i 
They floure in Luly and Auguft,and perfec their feed in September. 
@ The Names, 
Ladies Bower is called in Greeke smuere: in Latine, Cambuxum : in Englifh youmaycallic La-7 
i dics Aa 


) 


$88 ~~ Of the Hiftory of Plants. dank. 


dies bower,which I take from his aptneffe in making of Arbors,Bowers, ard fhadie couertures in 
gardens. 
@ The Temperature and Vertues, 
The facultie and the vfe of thefe in Phyficke is not yet knowne. 


Cuar. 327. Of purging Peruinckle. 
G The Defcription, 


My Mong thefe plants which are called Clematides thefe bealfo to be numbred,as hauing 
certaine affinitie,becaufe of the {preading,branching,and femblance of the Vine;and 
this is called Flammula vrens by reafon of his fierieand burning heate, becaufe thar 

being laid vpon the skin, it burneth the place,and makethan efchar, euen as ourcommon cauftick 
or corrafiue medicines do. The leaues hereof anfwer both in colour and {moothneffle, Vinca, Peg 
winca,or Peruinckle, growing vpon long clambring tender branches, like the other kindes of clim- 
bing plants. The floures are very white, ftar-fafhion, and ofan exceeding fweet {mell,much like yn- 
to the {mell of Hawthorne floures,but more pleafant,and leffe offenfiue to the head : hauing inthe 


middle of the floures certaine {mall chiues or threds. The root is tender, and difperferh it felfe far 
vnder the ground. 


1 Clematis urens, 


Xo 2 Flammula ovis (urrecta, 
UXA Virgins Bower, 


Vpright Virgins Bower. 


2  Vpright Clamberer or Virgins Bower is alfoa kinde of Clematis, hauing long tough roots 
hot vnlike to thofe of Licortce;from which rifeth vp a ftraight vpright ftalke,of the height of three 
or foure cubits,fet about with winged leaues, compo fed of diuers {mall leaues, fet vpona middle 
rib,as. are thofe of the afhe tree,or Valerian, but fewer in number:at aa top of the ftalks come forth 
fal] white floures,very like the precedent,but not of fo pleafant a fweet f{mell ; afterwhich come 
the feeds, flat and fharpe pointed, 


3. There 


Lissa | Ofthe Hiftoric of Plants. oe) 


3 There isanother (Vematis of the kinde of the white Clematis or burning Clematis which l haue 
recouered from feed;that hath been fent me froma curious and learned citizen of Straywsborough, 
which is like vnto the others in each refpeét,fauing that, that the floures heereofare very douLle, 


theirkinde. The firft hath for his roots a bundle of tough tangling threddes,in number i 


mhite, 
and thicke thruft together ; from which rife vp many finall ftalkes, of abrownith colour, {ours 
{quare, and of a wooddie fub{tance : whereupon doe grow long leaues, of abiting tafte, fer toze- 
therby couples, in fhape like thofe of 4/élepias , or filken Swallow-woort, The floures grow at 
the toppe of the ftalkes, of a faire blew or skie colour, confifting of foure parts in manner of a 
croffe, hauing in the middle a bunched pointell, like vnto tlie head of field Poppiewhen it is 
young, of'a whitith yellow colour,hauing little or no {mell at all. The floures beeing paft, then 
commeth the feed, fuch as is to be feen inthe other kindes of Clematis, The whole plant dieth at 
the approch of Winter,and tecouereth it felfeagaine fromthe root, which induteth, whereby it 
greatly increafeth, 


4. Clematis Pannonica. 
Buth Bower. +7 ° 


5 Clematis maior Pannonica, 
Great Bufh Bower, 


BRS 


+. | 
bo | 


= 


aS 


3 The great Buth Bower differeth not ftom the former laft defcribed,but in Sreatnefle: which iit 
hame of greatneffe fetteth forth the difference, nw ig 
+° 6 Ofthefethereis another, whofe bending crefted ftalkes are fome threecubites high, i 
which fend forth fundry {mall branches, fer with léaues growing together by threes vpon {hort 
foor-ftalkes,and they are like myrtle Jeaties,but bigger, more wrinckled,darke coloured,and {ni pt 
“abour the edges : the flourerefemiblés a crofle,with foure tharpe pointed rough leaves of awhitifh alt 
blew colour,which containediuers {mallloofe little leaues in their middles. The root is long and Bei ai te 
lating. In growes vpon the rocky places of mount Baldus in Italy,where Pona found it,and he calls 
it Clemates cruciata Alpina, t Iarw f 2 30 (i ow : ai 


890 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. erp 


£ 6 Clematis craciata Alpina. 
Virgins Bower of the Alps. q The Place. 


Thefe plants do not grow wilde in England, 
that I canas yet learne,notwithftanding J haue 
them all in my garden,where they flourith ex- 
ceedingly. 

q The Time. 

_ Thefe plants do floure from Auguft to the 
end of September. 

q The Names. 

There is nor much more found of their names 
than is expreffed in their feuerall titles, not. 
withftanding there hath beene fomewhat faid, 
as I thinke,by hearefay,out nothing of certain. 
tie: wherefore Ict rhatwhich is fet downe fuf= 
fice. We may in Englith call the firtt, Biting 
Clematis,or white Clematis, Biting Peruinkle 
or purging Peruinkle, Ladies Bower, and Vir- 
gins Bower. 

| The Temperature, } 

The leafe hereofis biting, and doth mighti- 
ly blifter,being, as Galen faith, of a caufticke or 
burning qualitie: it is hot in the beginning of 
the fourth degree. 

@ The Vertues. 

Diofcorides writeth,that the leaues being ap- 
plied do heale the feurfe and lepry,and that the 
feed beaten,and the pouder déunke with faire 
water or with mead, purgeth flegme and choler 
by the ftoole. 


Cuar. 328. OfWood-binde,or Hony-fackle. 
The Kindes. 


Here be diuers forts of Wood-bindes, fome of them fhrubs with winding ftalks,that wrappe 

themfelues ¢nto fuch things as are neeré about them. Likewife there be other forts or kindes 
found out by the later Herbarifts,thar clime not at all,but ftand vpright, the which fhall bee fer 
forth among the fhrubbie plants. And firft of the common Woodbinde. 


q The Defcription, 


i Oodbinde or Honifuckle climeth vpaloft, hauing long flender wooddie ftalkes, 

VV parted into diuers branches : about which ftand by certaine diftances {mooth 

leaues, fet together by couples one right againft another; of a light greene co- 

four aboue, ynderneath of awhitith greene. The floures thew themfelues in the copps of the bran- 

ches many in number, long,white,fweet of fmell, hollow within; in one part ftanding more out, 

with certaine threddes growing out of the middle, The fiuitis like to little bunches of grapes,ted 

when they be ripe, wherein is contained fmall hard feed. The root iswooddie,and not without 
firings . 

2 This ftrange kind of Woodbind hath leaues, ftalks,and roots like vnto the common Wood- 
binde or Honifuckle, fauing that neere vnto the place where the floures come forth,the ftalkes doe 
grow through the leaues, like vnto the herbe Thorow-wax, called Perfoliata,which leaues do refem- 
ble little faucers: out of which broad round leaues proceed faire, beautifull , and well fmelling 
floures, fhining with a whitith purple colour, and fomewhat dafht with yellow,by little and little 
ftretched out like the nofe ofan Elephant,garnifhed within with {mall yellow chiues or threddes + 
and when the flourcs are in their fourifhing, the leaues and floures do refemble faucets filled with 


the 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. i 


891 
the floures of Woodbinde: many times it fallethout, that there is tobe found three or foure fau- 
cers one aboue another, filled with floures,as the fir¢,which hath caufed it to be called double Ho- 


ny-fuckle,or Woodbinde. 


1 Periclymenum {1 d 
nin. ‘ 2 Periclymenun: perfoliat 
, Woodbinde or Honifuckles, Trallan Woodbinde, ic 


ornrrier ov Ufone by Wenner orn rttro— Cee folio 


7 eg 


q The Place. : 

The VVoodbinde groweth in woods and hedges, and vpon fhrubbes and buthes, oftentimes 
winding it felfe fo ftraight and hard about , that it leaucth his print vpon thofe things fo 
wrapped, j 

The double Honifuckle growerh now in my garden, and many others likewife in great plenty, 
although not long fince,very rare and hard tobe found,cxcept in the garden of fome diligent Her- 
barifts. 

«| The Time. 

The leaues come forth betimes in the fpring : the oures bud forth in May and Iune the fruit 
is ripe in Autumne. 

q The Names. 

Itiscalledin Greeke stsoavum : in Latine,olucrum maius : Of Seribonius Largus, Sylna mater: in 
fhops, Caprifolinm,and Matrif\lua: of (ome, Lilium inter [pinas : in \talian,”inctbofco : in High 
Dutch, Gepgsbladt sin Low Dutch, Gheptenbladt,and Mammebens Ceuit : in French, cheure- 
facile: in Spanifh,Madrefelua : in Englith, V Voodbinde,Honifuckle,and Caprifoly. 

: gq The Temperature. i 

Therehath an errour in times paft growne amongft a few, and now almoft paft recoucrie to bee 
called againe, being growne an errour yniuerfall,which errour is,how the decoction of rhe leaues of 
Honifuckles, or the diftilled water of the floures, are tafhly given for the inflammations of the 
mouth and throte, asthough they were binding and cooling. But contratiwife Honifuckle is nci- 

_ ther cold nor binding ; but hot, and attenuating or making thinne. Foras Galen faith, both the 
fruit of VVoodbinde,and alfo the leaues,do fo much attenuate and heat, as if fomewhat toomnitich 
of them be drunke,they will caufe the vrine to ke as red as bloud, yet dothey at the firft onely pro 
oke yrine, 


& The 


4 


‘) 
i: 
A 
y 
; ; 
] 
HAL 
ah 
{ 
- 
} j 
i ' | 
1 { 
Mi 114 
bia i 
{ ; | 


Sor Of the Hiftorie of Plants. beaten 
a The Vertues, 
A Dinfcorides writeth that the ripe feed gathered and dried in the fhadow,, and drunke vntothe 
quantitie of one dram weight, fortie daies together,dorh wafte and confume away the hardnefle of 
the {pleene,remoueth wearifomneffe,helpeth the fhortneffe and diflicultic of breatbing curcth the 
hicket,procureth bloudie vrine after the fixt day , and caufeth women to haue {peedie trauell in 
childe bearing. 

The leaues be of the fame force : which being drunk thirty daics together,are reported to make 
men barren,and deftroy their natural] feed. 

The floures fteeped in oile and fet in the Sun,is good to annointthe bodie thatis benummed, 
and growne verie cold. SG . 

The diftilled water of the floures are giuento be drunke with good fucceffe againg the piffing 
of bloud. ; 7 

A fyrrup made of the floures is good to be drunkeagainft the difeafes of the lungs and {pleene 
that is ftopped,being drunkewith a little wine, 

Nothwithftanding the words of Galen (or rather of Dedoneys) it is certainely found by experi- 
ence,that the water of Honifurckles is good againft the forenefle of the throte and uvula: and with 
the fame leaues boiled,or the leaues and floures diftilled, are made divers good medicines againft 
cankers,and fore mouths,as well in children as elder people,and likewife for viccrations atid feal- 
dings inthe priuie parts of man orwoman; if there be added to the decoétion hereof fome allome 
or Verdigteace, ifthe fore require greater clenfing outwardly, prouided alwaies that there be no 
Verdigreace put intothe water that mutt be iniected into the fecret parts. 


Ee 5 © ree ==) 


ri Wa 4 
Cuar. 329. Of fa/mine,or Gelfemine. 
1 Yafminum album. 2 Lafininum Candifiorum mains. 
VVhite Geflemine, Great white Geifemine. 


VW, 


(2 


Ac 


@ The Defcription. 
J Aftine, or Gelfemine,is of the number of thofe plants which haue need'to be fiipportec 
or propped vp,and yet notwithftanding of it felfeclafpeth not or windech his ftal 


P Lng a Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


boutfich things as fland necrevnto ir, but one- 


3 Iafminum luteum, ly leaneth and lyeth vpon thofe things tharare 
Yellow Jafmine. repared to fuftaine it about arbors and banques 
PASE } 


ting houfes ingardens, by which itisheld vp. 
: =i, 
The ftalks thetof are long,round,branebed,ioin- 
ted or kneed,and ofa green colour, havi 1g with= 
in awhite {pungeous pith. The leaucs ftand vp- 


thofeof theathe tree, but much finaller, of a 
deepe greene colour. The floutes groiv at the 
vppermolt part of the branches, ftanding in a 
{mal tuft, far fer one from another, fweet in fmel, 
of colourwhite.: The feed is flatand broad like 
thofe of Lupines,which feldome come to ripe- 
neffe. The root istough and threddie. 

2 Lobel reporteth that he faw ina garden at 
Bruxels, belonging toa reuerend perton called 
M‘. Joba Boifot,a kinde of Gelfemine, very much 
diffeting from our Jafine,which he nourithed 
in an earthen potzit grew not aboue, faith he, to 

the height ofacubit , diuided into diuets bran. 
ches,wherupon did grow leaues like thofe of the 
common white Iafmine, but blacker and roun- 
der. The floures to the fhew were moft beautiful, 
in fhape like thofe of thecammion lafmine,but 
foure times bigger,gaping wide open, white on 
the vpper fide,and ofa bright redon the vader 
fide. 

3 There is akind hereofwith yellow floures: 
but fome doe deferibe for the yellow lafmine, 
the thrubbie Trefoile, called of fome Trifolium 
fraticans : and of others, Povemoninm But this yel- 
ow Yafmine is one,and that is another plant,differing from the kindes of Iafmine,as fhall be decla- 
ted in his proper place. The yellow lafmine differeth not from the common white Gefmine, in 

Teaues, (talks,nor fafhion of the floures : the onely difference is,that this plant bringeth forth yel- 
low floures,and the other white. ; 

4 There is likewife another fort that differeth not from the former in any refped,but in the co- 

lour of the floure;for this plant hath floures of a blew colour,and the others not fo, wherein confi- 
fteth the difference. 


q The Place. 

Gelfemine is foftered in gardens, and is vfed for arbors,and to covier banquetting houfes in gar- 
dens :it groweth not wilde in England that { can vnderftand of,though M*. Lyte be of another opi- 
mion: thewhite Iafmine is common in moft places of England:the feftare ftrangers,and not feene 

in thefe parts as yet. 

@ The Time. 

They bring forth their pleafant floures in Iuly and Auguft, 

The Names. 

Among the Arabians Serapio was thefit{t that named Geffemine, Zambach : it is called Lafini= 
tum, and Tefeminum,and alfo Geffiminum : in Englith,lafmine, Geffemine,and Teffe. 

There 1s in Diofcorides a compofition of oile of La fmine,which he faith is made in Perfia of the 
white floures of Violets,which Violets feeme to be none other than the floures of this Geffemine: 
for D ofiorides oftentimes hath reckoned faire and elegant floures among it the Violets; fo that it 
mutt not {eeme ftrange that he calleth the floures of Gefiemine Violets,e{pecially {eeing thatthe 
plant it felfe was vaknowne vnto him,as it is enident. 

: g The T emperature, ; . 
Geffemine,and efpecially the floures thereof be hot in the beginning of the fecond degtee, as 
Strapio reporteth out of Me/ue. : 
@ The Vertuer. 

The oile which is made of the floures hereof,wafteth away raw humors,and is Pood againft cold 
theumes;but in thofe that are of 2 hot conftitution it caufeth head-ache, and the ouermuch {mel] 
‘thereof maketh the nofe to bleed,as the fame Author affirmeth, It isvfed (as Diofcorides writeth, 

F £ff ‘ and 


ona middle ribbe, fet together by couples like 


fh 
Pay 


894 OF as Hiftory of Plants. Bish 


and after him detivs) of the Perfians in their banquets for pleafure fake: it is good to be a 
tedafter bathes,in thofe bodies that haue need to be fuppled and warmed, bur by reafon o! 
it isnot much vied.’ 

The leaues boiled in wine vntill they be foft, and madevp tothe forme ofa pulltis, and arotied 
diffolue cold fwellings ,wens,hard lumps,and fuch like outgoings, Ff 


Cuar, 330.0 OF Peruinkle. 
q The Defcription. 


z Eruinkle hath flender and long branches trailing vpon the ground,taking hold here anc 
there as itrunneth; fmall like toruthes, with naked or bare {paces betweene iointand 
ioint. The leaues are {mooth,not vnlike to the Bay leafe,but leffer, 

hard by the leaues,fpreading wide open,compofed of fiue {mall blew Jeaues, 

We haue in our London gardens a kinde hereof bearing white floures,which makethit to diffes 

from the former. 


The floures Stow 


X Vinca Peruinca minor. £ 2 Clematis Daphnoides, five Peruinca maior 
Peruinkle, Great Peruinkle, 
VUACOL An Oe ‘s 


Ula W100 


Ga 
eS (a z iS 


Fj. 


There is anotherwith purple floures , doubling it {elfe fomewhat in the middle, withfmaller 
feaues,wherein is the difference. 

2 There is another fort,greater than any of the reft,which is called offome Clematis Daphnoides, 
of the fimilitude the leaues hauewith thofe of the Bay. The leanes and floures are like thofe of the 
precedent,but altogether greater;wherein confifteth the difference, 

q The Place. 


They grow in moft ofour London gardens;thcy louea moift and'fhadowie place: the branches 
remaine alwaies greene, 


= 


@ The Time, 
‘The floures of them do floutith in March, A prill,and May,and oftentimes ater. 


@ The 


Lis. 2. 


: @ The Names. 

Peruinkle is called in Greeke wainans Mproeais :becaufe it bringeth forth ftalkes, which ercepe like 
thofeofthe Vine,and Daphnoides by reafon that the leaues are like thofe of the Bay, as aforefaid, 
Pliny calleth 1t Vinca Peruincaand Chamadaphne : notwithftanding there is another Chamedaphne,of 
which in his place. The fame Author likewife calleth it Ceatunculus : in High Dutch, Angra ¢ in 
Low Dutch, Wineoogte,maegden crupe sin French, Pucellage,V anche ¢> Pernauche: in Italian, Pro. 
wenca: in Spanith,Perningua : in fhoppes, Clematis peruinca : in Englifh,Peruinkle, Peruinkle, and 
Reriwinkle. 

@] The Temperature. 
Peruinkle is fomething hot,but within the fecond degree,fomething drie and aftringent: 
: q The Vertues. 


The leaues boiled in wine and dtunken,ftop the laske and bloudie flix. A 


An handfull of the leaues ftamped,and the iuice giuen to drinke in red wirie,ftoppeth the laska B 
and bloudy flix, {pitting ofbloud,which neuer faileth in any bodie, either man or woman : itlixe- 
wife ftoppeth the inordinate courfe ofthe monethly ficknefie. 


Cuar. 331. Of (apers. 


@| The Kindes, 


dkew be two forts of Capers efpecially, onewith broad leaues fharpe pointed : the other with 
| & rounder leaues. The Brabanders haue alfo another fort,called Capparis fabago, or Bean Capers, 


1 Capparéis folio acuto. 


Sharpe leafed Capers, 


2 Capparis rotundiore folio. 


Round leafed C apers, 


q The Defiription. 
t Tre Caperis a prickly fhrub, the fhoots or branches whereof be full of tharpe prickly 
thornes,trailing vpon thegroundif they oe a fupported or propped vp: whereupon 
oe z aa oa, Saas 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 895 


a ee es 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lani. 


‘doe grow leaues like thofe of the Quince. tree, but rounder ; among {tthe which come forth long 
flender foot-ftalkes , whereon do grow round knoppes, which doe open or {pread abroad into faire 
foures,after which commeth in place long fruit, like to anoliue,and of the fame colour,wherein is 
contained flat rough feeds,ofa duskic colour. The root iswooddie, and couered with a thick bark 


orrinde, which is much vfed in Phyficke. a 
2, The fecond kinde of Caper is likewifea prickly plant,much like the bramble buth, hauing 


many flender branches fet full of fharpe prickles. The whole plant traileth vpon the place where 
it groweth,befet with roundb ackith leaues diforderly placed, in fhape like thofe of Aftrabacca, 
but oreater,approching to the forme of Fole-foot: among which commeth forth a {mall and ten- 
der naked twig,charged at the end with a {mall knap or bud, which openeth it felfe toa fmall ftar- 
like floure,of a pleaiant {weet fmell,in placewhereofcomes a {mall fruit, long and round like the 
Cornell berrie,ofa browne colour. The rootis long and wooddie, and couered with a thicke barke 
or rinde,which is likewife vfed in medicine. 


g The Place. . 

The Caper groweth in Italy,Spaine, and other hot Regions without manuring; ina leane foyle, 
in rough places amongft rubbifh,and vpon old walls, as Diofcorides teporteth, 

Theophrafius writeth,that it is by nature wild,and refufeth tobe husbanded, yet in thefe olur daies 
diuers vfe to cherifh the fame,and to fet it in dry and ftony places : my felfe at the impreffion here- 
of, planted fome feeds in the bricke walls of my garden,which as yet do {pring and giow green,the 
fucceffe Lexpect. 

@ The Time, 

The Caper floureth in Sommer , euen vneill Autumne.’ The knoppes of the floures before 
they openare thofe Capers or fauce that wee eat, which ate gathered and preferued in pickle or 
Salt. 

@| The Names. 

It is called in Grecke rzsren:and in Latine alfo Capparés : but properly Cynosbatos or Canirub us = 
which is alfo taken for the wilde Rofe;it is generally called Cappersin moft languages:in Englith, 
Cappers, Caper,and Capers. 

@| The Temperature. 

Capers, or the floures not yet fully growne,be of temperature hot, and of thinne parts; if they be: 
eaten greene, they yeeld very little nourifhment, and much leffe ifthey be falted. And thetefore 
they berather a fauce and medicine, thana meat. 

] TheVertues. 

A They ftirvp an appetiteto meat ; they be good for a moift ftomack,and ftay the watering there- 
of,and clenfeth away the flegme that cleauethvntoit. They openthe ftoppings of the liuerand 
milt,with meat ; they are good tobe taken of thofe that hauea quartaine Ague, and ill {pleenes. 
They are eaten boiled (the {alt firft wafhed off) with oile and vineger,as other fallads be,and fome- 
times are boiled with meat. ; 

The rinde or barke of the root confifteth of diuers faculties, it heateth,clenfeth, purgeth,cutteth 
and digefteth, hauing withall acertaine binding qualitie. 

This barke is of a fingular remedie for hard {pleenes being outwardly applied, and alfo inward- 
ly taken,and the fame boiled in vineger or oxymel,or being beaten and mixed with other fimples: 
for after this manner it expelleth thickeand groffe humours, and conueieth away the fame mixed 
with bloud,by vrine,and alfoby fiege, whereby the milt or {pleene is helped,and the paine of the 
huekle bones taken away : moreouer it bringeth downe the defired fickneffe, purgeth and draweth 
flegme out of the head,as Galen writeth. 

D The fame barke (as Dioftorides teacheth) dothclenfe old filthie fores, and fcoureth away the 
thicke lips and crufts about the edges,and being chewed it taketh away the tooth-ache. ‘ 

E _ Being ftamped with vineger, it fcoureth away tetters or Ring-wormes,hard fwellings,and cures 
the Kings-euill. 

F The barke of the roots of Capers is good againft the hardneffeand ftopping of the fpleene,and 
profiteth much ifitbe giuenin dzinke to fuch as haue the Sciatica, the Palfie, and thofe thatare 
burften or bruifed by falling from fome high place: it doth mightily prouoke vrine,infomuch that 
if itbe vfed ouermuch,or given in too great a quantity, it procureth bloud to come with the vrine. 


Cuars 


‘Lis, «Of the Hifftory of Plans; i: 


Of Beane Capers. 


q), The Defcription. 


Crap, 332. 


Capparis fabago. 
Beane Capers. 


His plant which the Germanes cal fae 
bago,and Dodonens fauoring of Dutch; 
calleth it in his laf Edition Cappar is 
Fabago,and properly : Lobel calleth it Capparis 
Leguminofa : between which there is no great 
difference,who labour torefer this plant vato 
the kindes of Capers, which is but a low and 
bafe herbe,and not a fhrubbiebu fh,asare the 
true Capers. It bringeth forth fmooth falks 
tender and branched, whereupon doe grow 
long thicke leaues, leffer than thofe of the: 
true Capers, and notvnlike tothe leaues of 
Purflane, comming out of the branches by 
couples,of a light greene colour. The floures 
before they be opened are like to thofeof the 
precedent,butwhen they be come to maturi- 
tie and full ripeneffe they waxe white, with 
fome yellow chiues inthe midft: which be- 
ing paft,there appeare long cods, wherein is 
contained fimall flat feed. The root is tender, 
branching hirher and thither, 
gq The Place, 
Tt groweth of it felfe in corne fields of the 
low Countries,from whence [ haue receiued 
feeds formy garden,where they flourith, 


qi The Time, 
It floureth whenthe Caper doth, 


G The Names. 
Itis called in Latine of the later Herbarifts Capparts fabaco : Of molt, capparts Leguminofa:: itis 


thought tobe that herbe which Avicen de feribeth in his 2 8.chapter,by the name of Ardifrigi : wee 
may content our felues that Capparis fabago retaine that name ftilland feeke for none other, vnleffe 
it be for'an Englith name, by which it may be galled after the Latine,Beane Caper. 

© The Temperature and Vertues. : 
haue nothing left in writing worth the remembrance, 


Touching the faculties thereofwe 


Cua. 333, Of Swallow-wort. 
G The Defcription. 
I Wallow-wort with white floures hath diuets ypright branches of a brownith colour, of 


the height of twocubits,befet with leaues not vnlike to thofe of Dulcamara or wooddie 
Night-thade, fomewhat long, broad , tharpe-pointed, of ablackith greene colour, and 
fttong favour: among which come forth very many fmall white floures ftar- fafhion, hanging vpon 
little {lender foot. ftalkes : after which come in place thereof long tharpe pointed cods, ftuffed full 
ofa mott perfec white cotton refembling filke,as well in fhew as handling ; (our London Gentle- 
women haue named it Silken Ciflie) among which is wrapped foft brownifh feed. The roots are 
very many, white,threddie, and of a ftrong fanour. A E 
2 The fecond kinde is oftentimes found with ftalkes much longer,climing vpon props or fuch 
things as ftand neere vnto it,attaining to theheight of fiue ox fix cubites, Wrapping it felfe qe 
them with many.and fundry foldings »the floures hereof are blacke the leanes,cods,and roots be 
like thofe of the former, 
Been FFff 2 


qf The 


siti 
al 


~ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lisi2. 


1 Afclepias flore albo. 2 Afilepias florenigro. 
WV hite Swallow-woort, Blacke Swallow-woort. 


@ The Place. 
Both thefe kindes do grow in my garden, but not wilde in England,yet haue I heard it reported 
that it groweth in the fields about Northanipton,but as yet I am not certaine of it. 
@ The Time. 
They floure about Iune,in Autumne the downe hangeth out of the cods,and the feed falleth to 
the ground. 


a The Names. 

It is called of the later Herbarifts Vincetoxicum .of Ryellius, Hederals.in High Dutch, Sbot- 
lune toogtele,that is to fay in Latine Hirundinaria: in Englifh,Swallow-woort: of our Gentlewo- 
men itis called Silken Ciflie ; e£/éu/apiws (who is faid to be the firft inuenter of Phyficke, whom 
therefore the Greekes and Gentiles honored asa God)called it after his ownename A/clepias , or 
ig herbe,for that he was the firft that wrote thereof,and now it is called in fhoppes Hiran- 

lnariAa. 
The Temperature. 
The roots of Swallow-woort are hot and dry ; they are thought tobe good againft poifon. 
q The vertues. 

Diofcorides writeth,that the roots of A/clepias or Swallow-woort boiled in wine,and the decoMi- 
on drunke,are a remedie againft the gripings of the belly, the ftingings of Serpents, and againft 
deadly poifon,being one of the efpecialleft herbes againft the fame. i 

The leaues boiled and applied in forme ofa pultis, cure the euill fores of the paps or dugs,and. 
matrix,that arc hard to be cured. 


rif ey : 22 Ty 


Cuar. 334, Of Fndian Swallow-woort. 


; 7 q The Defiription 
ee groweth in that part of V irginia, or Norembega, where our Engi ith men dwelled (ine 
= are - Cetal 1 : - a ae - 
L ren ling there to ere& a certaine Colonie) a kinde of Afclepias, or Swallow-woort ; which 
r mene the 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftorie’of Plants. 
the Sauagescall Wifanck'\- thete rifeth vp from a finglectooked root one vptight flalkea foor 
high,flender,and of a greeni(h ‘colour : whereupon do grow faire broad Jeaues tharpe pointed, with 
many ribs or nerues running through the fame like thofe ofRibwort or Plantaitie, fet tovether by 
couples at certaine diftances. The floures come forth at the top of the ftalks, Which as yor are not 
obferued, by teafon the maa that brought the feeds and plants hereofdid not regatd them. After 
which, there come in place two cods (feldome more) fharpe pointed like thofe of our Swallow. 
wort, but greater, ftuffed full ofa moft pure filke of a fhining white colour:among which filke 
appeareth a fmal! long tongue (which is the feed) refembling the tongue of a bird, or that of the 
herbecalled Adders tongue. The cods are not only full of filke, but etierie nérue or finew where. 
with the leaues be ribbed are likewife moft pure filke'; and alfo the pilling of the Remmes,eiien as 
flax is tome from‘his ftalks. This confidered, behold the iuftice of God, thatashe hath fhut yp 
thofe people and nations in infidelity and nakedneffe , fo hath henot as yet giuen them viiderftan. 
ding to couer their nakedneffe, nor matter wherewith to doe the fame ; Dotwithftanding the earth 
is couered ouer with this filkeywhich dayly they tread vnder their feet,which were fufficiefit to ap- 
parell many kingdomes, ifthey were carefullly manured and cherifhed. 


Wifanck, fine Vincetoxicum Indianum. 
Indian Swallow-wort, 


$ Apocynum Syriacum Cliffs 


= This Plant, which is kept in fome gardens by the name of Virginia Silke Graffe, I take td 
be the fame, or very like the Berdelfar of Alpinus , and the —Apocynum Syriacum of Clufias “at Padua 
they call it E/#/a Indica, by reafon of the hot milky iuyce.  Bawhinus hath very vnfitly named it La* 
pathum Aigyptiacum lactefcens filiqua A felepiads. But he is tobe pardoned ; for Johannes Carolus Ro- 
lnbereus,cap.16.p.46.0fhis Animad. c Exerc. Medice, ox 'Rofanobilis iatrica,hath taken vpon him 
thecredit and inuention of this abfurd denomination : I may-call it abfurd, for that neither any 
way in fhape or qualitie it refembles or participates any thing with a Docke, I haue giuen you 
the ficure ofout Author with his title, and that of C/ufixs with his’: inthe former the cods are only 
wellcxpreft . inthe later the leaues and floures reafoniably well; but that they ate too few'in num- 
ber, and fet too far afiinder. Vpon the fight'of the growing and flouring plant I tooke this de{crip- 
tion: The root is long and creeping ; the ftalkes two or three cubits high,fquare, hollow, a finger 
thicke,and ofa light greene colour, fending out towards the top’ fome few branches :vpon this at 
, an certaine 


899 


mot oa SRR 


Sewer 


Saas ee ES 5 af a 


900 OF the Hiftory of Platts (OS Basal 


certaine {paces grow by couples leaues fome halfe foot long, and three inches broad,darke greene 
ontheir vpper fides, morewhitifh below, and full of largeand eminent veines: atthe topof the 
ftalke and branches it carries moft commonly an hundred or more’ floures, growing vpon foot- 
ftalkes fome inch long, all clofe thruft together after the manner of the Hyacinth of Peru at the 
firft flouring : each floure is thus compofed ; firft it hath fiue fmall greene leaues bending backe, 
which ferue for the cup : then hath it other fiue leaues foure times larger than the former, which 
bend backe and couer them; and thefe are greene on the vnder fide,and of a pale colour with fome 
redneffe aboue : thenare there fiue little graines (as I may fo terme them)of a pleafant red coloar, 
and on their outfide like cornes of Millet, but hollow on their infides, with a little thred ‘or chiue 
comming forth of cach of them : thefe fiue ingirt a {mall head like a button, greenifh vnderneath, 
and whitith aboue.. I haue giuen you the figure of one floure by the fide of our Authors figure, 
The leaues and ftalkes of this plant arevery fullofamilky iuyce. £ 

; 3 q The Place. 

It groweth, as before is rchearfed, in the countries of Norembega, now called Virginia by the 
honourable Knight Sir Walter Raleigh, who hath beftowed great fummes of money in the difco- 
ucrie thereof ; where are dwelling at this prefent Englith men, 

| TheTime. 

It fpringeth vp, floureth, and flourifheth both Winter and Sommer,as do Many or moft of the 
plants ofthatcountrey. + It dies downewithvs euery Winter and comes vp in the Spring, and 
Houres in Auguft, but neuer bringeth forth the cods with vs,by reafon of the coldneffe of our 
Climate. + 


The Names, 

The filke is vfed ofthe people of Pomeioe and other of the prouinces adioyning,being parts of 
Virginia, to couer the fecret parts of maidens that neuer tafted man ; as in other places they vfe a 
white kinde of moffe Wifanck :we haue thought —4 [clepias V ireiniana, Ox V incetoxicum Indianum 
fit and proper names for it :in Englifh, Vitginia Swallow-wort, or the Silke-wort of Norembega. 

| The Nature andVertues. 
A We finde nothing by report, or otherwife of our owne knowledge, of his phyficall vertues, but 
onely report of the aboundance of moft pure filke wherewith the whole plant is poffefled, 
B+ The leaues beaten either crude, or boyled in water, and applied asa pultefle, are good a- 
gainft {wellings and paines proceeding of a coldcaufe. 
C © Themilky iuyce, which is very hot, purges violently ; and outwardly applied is good againft 
' tetters, to fetch haire off skins, if they be fteeped in it, and the like, Alpinus, + 


Cuapr. 335. 
Of the Bombafte or (otton-Plant. : 


@ The Defcription. 


He Cotton buth is a low and bafe Plant,hauing {mall ftalkes ofacubit high, and fomtimes 
higher ; diuided from the loweft part to the top into fundry {mall branches, whereupon are 
fet confufedly or without order a few broad leaues, cut for the moft part into three taiand 

i and fometimes more, as Nature lift to beftow, fomewhat indented about the edges, not vnlike to 
the leafe of the Vine, or rather the Veruaine Mallow, but leffer, fofter,and of a grayifh colour :a- 
| | mong which come forth the floures, ftanding vpon flender foot-ftalkes , the brimmes or edges 
whereof are of a yellow colour, the middle part purple: after which appcareth the fruit, roundjand 
of the bieneffe of a Tennife ball, wherein is thruft together a great quantitie of fine white Cotton 
wooll ; among which is wrapped vp blacke feed of the bigneffe of peafen, in fhape like the trertles 
ordung ofacony,. The fruit being come to maturitic or ripeneffe, the huske or cod opens ir felfe 
into foure parts or diuifions, and cafteth forth his wooll and feed vpon the ground, iit be not ga- 
Pane | 37) 4 thered in his time and feafon. The root is {malland fingle,with few threds anexed thereto,and of 
Hh; i Vata awooddy fubftance, as is all the reft of the plant. 
MPR Th q The Place, 
| : Itgroweth in India, in Arabia, Egypt, and in certaine Iflands ofthe Mediterranean fea,as Cy- 
i 1 prus, Candy, Malta, Sicilia, and in other prouinces of the continent adiacent, It groweth about 
Waeeant eh | Tripolisand Aleppo.in Syria, from whence the Factor ofaworfhipfull merchant in London, Ma- 
t 
‘ 


awe eo 


i fler Nicholas Lelebeforeremembred, did fend vnto his {aid mafter diuers pounds weight of the 
feed ;whereof fome were. committed to the earthatthe im preffion hereof, the fuccefle we leaue to 
aes ; Beeb AIS the 


Lis.2 Of the Hiftory of Planes; 


901 


Gofipium, fine Xylon. the Lord. Notwithftanding my felfe,3 yeares 
The Cotton buth, palt did fow of the feed , which did grow verie 
trankly,but perithed before it came to perfe@i- 
on, by reafonof thecold frofts that ouertooke 
itin the time of flouring. 
| The Time. : 
Cotton feed is fowen in plowed fields in the 
Spring of the yeare, and reaped and cut down in 
harueit, euen as corne with vs 3 and the ground 
mutt be tilled and fowne new againe the nexe 
yeare, and vfed in fuch fort atwedo the tillage 
forcorne and grain ; foritisa plant of one yere; 
and perifheth when it hath perfeged his fruit, 
as many other plants do, 
@ The Names, 

Cotton is called in Greeke tam, and testme: in 
Latine, Xylum, and Goftpium after the Greeke : 
in fhops, Lazugo, Bombax, and Cotum + in Iealian, 
Bombagia : in Spanith, 4/codon : inhigh-Dutch, 
Baumwool ¢ in Englith and French > Cotton, 
Bombafte and Bombace, 

T heophraftus hath made mention hereof in his 
fourth booke, cap. 9, but without a name: and. 
he faith it isa tree in Tylus which beares wool, 
Neither is itany maruell ifhe took an voknown 
fhrub or plant, and that groweth in Countries 
farre off, for a tree: feeing alfo inthisage (in 
which very many things come to be better 
knownethan in times paft) the cotton or woolk 
hereofis called of the Germanes (aswee haue 


faid) Saum wool, that is > Wooll ofa tree, 
whereas indeed it is rather an herbe or fmall fhrub, and not tobe numbred among trees. 


- Of this Theophraftus writeth thus ; Itisreported that the fame Iland (Vix, Tylus) doth bring 
forth many trees that beare wooll,which haue leaues like thofe of the Vine, &c. 

Pliny writing of the fame,lib.19 -Cap.t. faith thus: The vpper partof Egypt toward Arabia brin- 
geth forth a fhrub which is called Gofscpion, or Xylon, and therefore the linnen that is made of it is 


called Xylina, It is (faith he) the plant that beareth that wooll wherewith the garments are made 
which the Priefts of Egypt doweare. 


q The Temperature, 
The feed of Cotton (according tothe opinion of Serapio) is hotand moift: the wooll it felfe is 
hotand dry. k i 

y d @ TheVertues, 

The feed of Cotton is good againft the cough, and for them that are fhort winded : italfo ftir- 
reth vp the luft of the Eat by increafing naturall feed,wherefore it furpaffeth, 

The oyle preffed out of the feed taketh away freckles, fpots, and other blemithes of the skin, 

Theafhes of the wooll burned ftancheth the bleeding of wounds, vied in reftri@iue medicines, 
as Bole Armonicke, and is more reftrictiue than Bole it felfe. 

To {peake of the commodities of the wooll of this plant wete fuperfluous 
and the dayly vfe and benefit we receiue by it thew t 
ftoric to fpeake of the maki 
Wooll thereof, 


CO. .Qe Pp 


common experience 
hem. So that it were impertinent to our hi- ~ 
ng of Fuftian, Bombafies,and many other things that are made of the 


L 


———— 


TERNS EG MREMEMN AT RE 
Cuap, 336. Of Dogs-bane. 
q The Kindes. 


"Pate be two kindes of Dogs-banes ithe onea clymbing or clambering plant ;the other an 
vptight fhrub, pei ; 


qt the 


Of the Eliforie of Plants. Lis.2. 


| The Defcription. 

ee Ogs-banerifeth vp like vnto a {mall hedge bufh, vpright and ftraight, vntill ic haue: 

attained to acertaine heighth ; then doth it clafpe and climewith his tender bran- 

ches as do the Bindeweeds, taking hold vpon props or poles, or whatfoeuer ftandeth 
‘nckt vnto it :whereupon do grow faire broad leaucs, fharpe pointed like thofe of the Bay tree, of a 
deepe greene colour. The floures come forth at the top of the ftalkes, confifting of fiue fmall 
white leaues : which being paft, there fircceed long cods, fet vpona flender foot-ftalke by couples, 
ioyning themfelues together at the extreme point, and likewife at the ftalke, making of two pie- 
ces knit together one entire cod. ; which cod is full of {uch downy matter and feed as that of Aféle- 
pias, but more in quantity by reafon the cods are greater ; which being dry and ripe,the filken cor- 
ton hangeth forth,and by little and little fheddeth, vntill thewhole be fallen vpon the ground, 
The whole plant yeeldeth that yellow ftinking milky iuyce that the other doth, and fometimes it 
is of awhite colour, according to the climate where it groweth , for the more cold the country 1s, 
the whiter is the iuyce ; andthe more hot, the yellower. The root is long and fingle , with fome 
threds anexed thereto. 


x Periplocarepens anguftifolia. é $2 Perzplocalatifolia. 
Climing Dogs-bane. Broad leafed Dogs-bane. 


| 2 There is another Dogs-bane that hath long and flender ftalkes like thofe of the Vine but 
{ ofa browne reddifh colour, wherewith it windeth it felfe about fuch things as ftand neere vito ity | 
ae inmanner of a Bindweed : whereupon are fet Ieaues not vnlike to thofe of the Iuy,but not fo much | 
, ) cornered, ofa darke greene colour, and ofa ranke {mel! being bruifed betweene the fingers , yeel- | 
ding fortha ftinking yellow milky iuyce when it is fo broken:amongft which come forth little | 
white floures, ftanding {catteringly vpon little huskes : after the floures come long cods, very like 

vnto Afelepias or Swallow-wort, but greater, ftuffed with the like foft downy filke ; among which | 
downe is wrapped vp flat blacke feed. The roots are many and threddy, creeping all about within 
the ground, budding forth new fhoots in fundry places, whereby it greatly increafeth. 
q The Place. | 

They grow naturally in Syria, and alfo in Italy, as Matthiolws reporteth : my louing friend John | 
Robin Herbarift in Paris did {end me plants of both the-kinds for my garden,where they floure and 
Vet flourith , butwhether they grow in France, or that he procured them from fome other region, as | 
yet I haue no certaine knowledge, te : , 


q The || 


Lis. 2. 


Of theHiftory of Plants) SOS 


er The Time. 
™ They begin to bud forth their leaues inthe beginning of May,and thew their Hiu; 


ber. 


gq The Names; ; 
Dogs-bane is called by the learned of out age Periplocarit is euident thar the 
tothe Apocyaum of Dioftorides. The former of the two hath been likew Lf called wrelpey, andep 
fica Canina, or Dogs-Cole : notwithitanding there is another Dogs Colewhieh 9a kind of wil: 


tet 


Mercurie, We may call the firft Creeping Dogs-batie and the other, Vi 
bane, 


wIShPOrOS rian Dose 
o * fae “O> 


The Temperature. 

Thefe plants are of the nature of thar peftilent or poyfoious herbe Thora, which b 

Dogs or any other liuing creature doth certainly kill them, except there b 

dote or preferuatiueagainft poyfon, and giuen, which by probabil 

the former chapter; called 7 “imcetoxicum, euenas Anthora is the Anti 
poyfon of Thora’; and Herba Paris againtt Pardalianches, 

‘ @ The Vertues. 
Dogs-bane is a deadly and dangerous plant, efpecially to foure footed beatts « { 


cine €aréh of 
ein'readine fe an’ A ati. bel 
itié is the herbe defcribed in fi 

dote and remedy’ againft the 


in 


} and / 1 3 foras Diofcorides A i % 
writeth, the leaues hereof being mixed with bread and giuen,killerh dogs,wolués, Foxes, and leo- ee i u 
pards, thevfe oftheirless and huckle-bones being prefently taken from them, and death it felfe Nite 
followeth incontinent, and therefore not to be vied in medicines». Hi bee 
Lae a 
Lig Wy : 
1} 
3 ‘ 1 AE eae ‘ Re eee, 
; ; Bf (ac 
; 2 | . 
Cuar. 337. Of Solomons Seale. Eder ea 
: f pie | 
ai aa 
¥ Polyeonatum. 3 Polyg-onatuim minus. Te | 
__ Solomons Seale. pis Small Solomons Seale, :} 
i Capay: ah mA Oo Werle C fea LOU } i 


q] The Defiription. | Bie 
X Blew firft kinde of Solomons Seale hath long round ftalkes} {er for 


long leaues fomewhat furrowed and ribbed, not much vnlike Pla 
which for the mo{t part ftand all vpon oné'fide ofthe ftalk sand hath {mal w 


the mof patt with 
Ntaine, but narrower, 
hite flourés refeny3 fi 


i giper, — 


Of the Hiftorie SOAbes. 


a 4 7a 

the floures of Lilly conuall : on the other fide when the floures. be vaded there come forth round 

berries, which atthe firft are greene, and of a blacke colour tending to blewnefle, and when they 

be ripe be of the bignefle of luy berries, of a very fweet and pleafant taite. The root is white and 

thicke, full of knobs or ioynts, which in fome places refemble the marke ofa fealewhereof I think 

ittooke the name Sigillum Solomoms , and is {weet at the firft,but afterward of bitter tafte,, with 
fome fharpeneffe. i. 

2 The fecond kinde of Polygonatum doth not much vary from the former, fauing in the leaues, 
which be narrower, and grow round about the ftalke like a fpur, in fathion like vnto Woodroofe 
or red Madder:among the leaues come forth floures like the former,but ofa greener white colour : 
which being paft, there fucceed berries like the former, but of a reddifh colour : which being paft, 
there fucceed berries like the former, butof areddith colour : the roots are thick and knobby like 
the former,with fome fibresanexed thereto, 


3 Polygonatum latifolinm 2. Clufij. 4 Polyconatumramof{um. 
Sweet fmelling Solomons Seale. Branched Solomons Seale. 
Cp 


I i 4 Dy rABL y 
) Poco COW po J mola 


&s 


3 Thethird kinde of Solomons Seale,which Carolus (lufivs found in the wooddy mountaines 
of Leitenberg, aboue Manderftorf, and in many other mountaines beyond the riuer Danubius. e- 
{pecially among the ftones , hee fent to London to M'. Gartha worfhipfull Gentleman,and oft 
that greatly delighteth in ftrange plants,who very louingly imparted the fame vnto me. This plant 

' hath ftalkes very like vnto the common Solomons Seale, a foot high, befet with leaues vpon one 
ENTE fide of the ftalke like the firft and common kinde, but larger, and more approching to the bignefle 
Het: of the broad leafed Plantaine, the tafte whereof is not very pleafant: from the bofoine of which 
et UL ah leaues come forth fmall well {melling greenifh white floures not much vnlike the firft : which be. 

gut ing paft, there follow feeds or berries that are at the firft green,but afterw 

i ayia within the fame berries a {mall feed as big as a Vetch, and as hard as a ft 
/ i vnto the other of his kinde, yet not fo thicke as the firft. 

ck 4 The fourth kind according to my account,but the third of (lufius(which he found 


ard blacke , containing 
one. Fhe roots ate like 


: r ae Cel alfo in the 
mountaines atotefaid) groweth a foot high, but feldome acubit, differing from all the others of 


eee: ; eee A 
PTY as bE Gea his kinde ; for his ftalkes diuide themfelues into fundry other branches, which are sarnifhed with 
any goodly leaues, larger and fharper pointed than any of the reft, which do embrace the ftalks abour: 
‘seul 


after the manner of Perfoliata or Thorow-wax, yetyery like ynto the kindes of Solomons Scale in 


thew, 


4 i oe . . £ 3, 3 = — 
Lis. 2. Of the Hittorie’of Plancag 905 
thew, faue that they are fomewhat hoarie ynderneath the leaues 3Which atthe firt are fweete in 
| : iti 5] id ay rly Any tAclé 
tafte,but fomewhatacride ot biting towards the later end. From the backe part of the leaues fhoot 
; i ittle sapine white Fontes; 
forth {mall long tender and crooked ftems,bearing at theend little gaping white floures 
volike Liliun: connallium, favouring like Hawthorne floures, {potted onthe inner fide with b 


not much 


Y blacke 
i rner erties Like rh row leafed Ratna k. 
{pots :which being paft, there come forth three cornered berries like the narrow leafed So'onons 
feale, greene at the firft, and red when they be ripe,containing many white hard graines. Theroogs 
g 


differ from all the other kindes,and are like vnto the crambling roots of Thaliftrumwhith t 


he gra-* 
ver hath omitted in the pi@ure. 


ig c lomons Seale 3% 

ales ee, § This rare fort of Solomons ealerifes 

5 faneeneun srceifalium ents vp from his tuberous orknobby root, with 4 
arrow leaued Solomons feale. 


ftraight vpright ftalke ioynted at cerraine di. 
ftances, leaumg betweene each ioynt a. bate 
and naked ftalke, fmooth, and of a greenith 
colour tending to yellownes ; fromthewhick 
ioynts thrutt forth divers {imal branches,wvich 
foure nartow leaues fet about likea ftar or the 
herbe Woodroofe : vponwhich tender bran- 
ches are fer about the ftalkes by certaine fpa- 
ces long narrow leaues inclofing the fame 
round about:among which leaues comé forth 
fmallwhitith floures of little regard. The 
fruit is {mall,and of a red colour, full of pulpe 
ormeate ; among which is contained a hard 


ftony feed like that of the fir Solomons 
feale, 


+ 6  Thereiskept in our gardens, and 
faid to be brought from fome part of Amerie 
ca another Polygonatum, which fends vpa ftalk 
fome foot and more high, and it hath Ieaues 
long, neruous, and very greene.and {hining, 
§towing one by another without any order i 
vpon the ftalke, which is fomewhat cfefted, q 
crooked, and very greene: bearing at the very i 4 
top thercof, aboue the higheft leafe, vpon lit- iy 
tle foot-ftalks fome eight or nine littlewhite 
floures, confi fting of fix leaues apiece, which ‘ 
are fucceeded by berries, as inthe former, Wi He aid 
This floures in May,and is vulgarly famed | 

Polygonatum Virginianum, or Virginian Solo- 
mons feale.. + : 


ae 


1d 
@ The Place. * . if 
The firft fort of Solomons feale gtewes naturally wilde in Somerfet-thire, vpon the North fide on i 
ofa place called Mendip, inthe parith of Shepton Mallet :alfo inKent by avillage called Cray- eas ae 
ford, vpon Rough or Row hill: alfo in Odiam parke in Hampfhire ; in Bradfords wood, neere toa naa i 
town in Wiltthire foure miles from Bathe ; ina wood neere to'a village called Horfley, fiue miles 
from Gilford in Surrey, and in diuers other places. : ne: sc 
That fort of Solomons feale with broad leaues groweth in certaine woods in Yorkthire called 
Clapdale woods, three miles froma village named Settle. 
; @ The Time. 
: : SE aa. ach Sa 
They {pring vp'in March, and thew their floures in May :the fruit is ripe in September, 
@ The Names. 
Solomons feale is called in Greeke riaujiew: in Latine likewafe Polygonatiw , ofmany, Knees, 
for fo the Greeke word doth import: in thops, Sigélum Salomonis, and Scalaceli + in Englifh like. a 
wife Scala cceli, Solomons feale; and White-wore, orwhite root :in high-Dutch, UBeilkonrts : } 
in French, Sea de Solomon : of the Hetrurians, Frafinella, and F : 
‘ ay The Temperature. 
i } a mix i ; ie ry eg 4 
The roots of Solomons feale, as Galen faith, haue both amixt ine sue nee ie wey 
they haue (faith he) acertaine kinde of aftri@ion or binding , and biting eae i i 
certaine loathfome bitternefle, as the fame ‘Author affitmeth: which is not to be fo a 
lo grow i climate. .- id id 
that 4O grow in our climate Otic OF ey, tt 
= } 


wxinella, 


4 bad 


Life) 


oD 


906 Qf the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2z. 
The Vertues. ‘ 

A _ Diofcorides writeth, That the roots are excellent g00d for to {eale or clofe vp greene wounds, be- 
ing ftamped and laid thereon ; whereupon itwas called SigsHum Salomons,ot the fingular vertue 
that it hath in {ealing or healing vp wounds, broken bones, and fuch like. Some haue thought it 
tooke the name Sigillum of the markes vpon the roots : but the firft reafon {cemes to me more pro- 
bable. , 

B. The root of Solomons feale ftamped while it is freth and greene, and applied, taketh away in 
one night, or two at the moft, any bruife, blacke or blew {pots gotten by falls or womens wilful- 
neffe, in ftumbling vpon their hafty husbands fifts, or fuch like. E 

C — Galen {aith,that neither herbe nor root hereof is to be given inwardly : but norewhat experience 
hath found out,and of late dayes,efpecially among the vulgar fort of people in Hampthire, which 
Galen, Diofiorides, or any other that hauewritten of plants haue not fo much as dreamed of ; which 
is, That ifany of what fex or age foeuer chance to haue any bones broken, in what part of their bo- 
dies foeuer ; their refuge is to ftampe the roots hereof,and giuc it vnto the patient inale todrinke: ° 
which fodoreth and glues together the bones invery fhort {pace, and very ftrangely, yea although 
the bones be but flenderly and vnhandfomely placed and wrapped vp. Moreouer, the faid people 
do giue it in like manner vnto their cattell,if they chance to haue any bones broken,with good fue- 
ceffe ;which they do alfo ftampe and apply outwardly in manner ofa pulteffe, as well vnto them- 
felues as their cattell. 

D_ The roor ftamped and applied in manner ofa pulteffe, and layd ypon members that haue been 
out of ioynt, and newly reftored to their places,driueth away the paine, and knitteth the ioynt 
very firmely, and taketh away the inflammation, ifthere chance to be any. 

E The fame ftamped, and the iuyce giuen to drinkewith ale orwhitewine, as aforefaid,or the de- 
coction thereof made in wine, helps any inward brufe,difperfeth the congealed and clotted blond 
invery fhort fpace. 

fg  Thatwhich might be written of this herbe as touching the knitting of bones, and that truely, 
would feeme vnto fome incredible; but common experience teacheth, that in the world there is 
not to be found another herbe comparable to it for the purpofes aforefaid : and therefore in briefe, 
if itbe for bruifes inward the roots muft be ftamped, fome ale or wine put thereto, ftrained, and gi- 
uentodrinke. 

G  Itmuftbe giuen in the fame manner toknit broken bones, againft bruifes, black or blew marks 
gotten by ftripes, falls, or fuch like ; againft inflammation, tumors or fwellings that happen vnto 
members whofe bones are broken, or members out ofioynt, after reftauration: the roots are to be 
ftamped fmall, and applied pulteffe or plaifterwife, wherewith many great works haue beene per- 
formed beyond credit. 

Ho cMatthiolus teacheth, That a water is drawne out of the roots, wherewith the women of Italy 
vie to fcoure their faces from funne-burning, freckles, morphew, orany fuch deformities of the 
skinne. 


T. That which our Author formerly figured and defcribed in the fifth place of this chapter, by the name of Polygonatiim dcxtam Clufii, was that deferibed by 
him in the fourth place ; but rhe igure was not fo wellexprelt. 


° 


Cuar. 338. Of Knee-holme,or Butchers broome. 


G The Defcription, 


Nee-holme is a low wooddy plant, hauing divers fmall branches, or rather ftems, rifing im- 
mediately from the ground, of the height of a foot , whereupon are fet many leaues like va- 
to thofe of the Box tree, or rather of the Myrtle, but fharpe and pricking at the point. The 

fruit groweth vpon the middle rib of the leafe, greene at the firft, and red as Corall when it isripe, 
like thofe of A/paragns,but bigger. The roots are white, branched, ofa meane thickneffe, and full 
of tough fprouting thoots thrufting forth in other places, whereby it greatly encreafeth. 


q The Place. 

Itgroweth plentifully in moft places in England in rough and barren grounds, efpecially vpon 
Hampfted heath foure miles from London; in diuers places of Kent, Effex, and Bark fhire,almoft 
in euery copfe and low wood, 

; The Time. 
The young and tender fprouts come forth atthe firft of the Spring, which are eaten in fonty 


1s places 


Lisa’ OttbeamsthinG rs 


pices as the yong tender ftalkes of Afparagus and fuch like herbes, The berries ate ripe in Au- 
guit. 3 


Rufius, fine Brufcus. Gq The Names; 
» Knee-holme, or Butchers broome. 


{t is called in Greeke iyo, as thouch 
they thould fay Acuta Myrtus, or prick ing 
Myrtle; and Myrtus {ylueftris, or wild Myrtle : 
in Latine, Rafcum,or Rufcus 210 thops, Brufcus: ~ 
ofdiuers, Scopa regia, as teftifieth Marcellas 
Empericus an old Writer : in high- Dutch, 
Muelldogt ¢ in low-Dutch 5 Stekende 
palin sin Italian, Ru/co,and Powtogop: : in Spa- PA: 
nith, Gilbarbeyra : in Englith, ‘Knee-holine, A ein 
Knee-huluer, Butchers broome, and Petisree. i 4) 

There be fome (faith Pliny, ib.2 5. cap.13.) } 
that call it Oxymyr fine. 2 ! 

Serapio, cap.288. fuppofeth that Myrtus A- 
gria, or wilde Myrtle, is the fame that Gubche 
are: he alledgetha reafon, becaufe Galen hath 
not defcribed Myrtus Agrid, or Knee-holme: 
neither Diofcorides cubebe. \Which as it is a 
teafon of no account, fo is:it alfo without 
truth: for Galea doth no where make mention 
of cubebe , and be it that he hadjitfhould not Hh 
therefore follow that Knee-holme is'Cubehe, 
Galen {peaketh of Carpefium, which Anicen in 
his 137 chapter maketh to be Cvéche-and thar ' 
Carpefinm doth much differ from Knecholme i 
thofe things do evidently declare which Ga. 
Jen hath left written hereof inhis firft book of 
of Counterpoyfons. Carpefium (faith hee) is j 
an herbe like in kinde to that which is called i ‘Ky 
Phu, ox Setwall,but of greater force,and more a ah “ie 
ar@maticall or {picie. This groweth very plentifully in Sida acity of Pamphilia. Alfo he faith yi 
further, that fome of the ftickes of Carpefium are like to thofe of Cinnamon : there be two kinds vt 
thereof, one which is named Laértivm , and another that 1s called Ponticum. They both take their "t 
names of the mountaines on which they grow : but Ponticum is the better, which is put into medi- Phe 
cines in which the herbe P4z ought tobe put. For Carpefinm, as 1 haue faid, is like vnto Phayor | 
Setwall, yet is it ftronger, and yeeldeth a certaine aromaticall qualitie both in tafte and fmell, 
Thus far Galen. By which it plainly appeareth, that Knee-holme is not Carpefinm,that is to fay, 4- ie 
uvicennahis Cubeba,as fhallbe further declared in the chapter of Cubebe. Ahi 

Herein Serapiowas likewife decciued; who fufpeded it to be fuch alike thing ; faying, There be in, Cres 
certaine fruits or graines called Cubeb«, not fticks : yet do they neither agree with Knee-holm,nei- i) . 
ther yet were they knownevnto Galez, ie ats 

Ifaa¢ in the fecond booke ofhis Practife doth number it among the graines : and likewife Hal: EAR, ba 
abbas in the fecond booke of his Practife alfo, num. 162. The later Grecians,among whom is Nico. baer | i 
lavs Myrepfus, call them Cubebz. et 


] The Temperature. 


The roots of Knee-holme, which be chiefely vfed, are of temperature hot,and meanly dry,with 1 
a thinneffe of effence. ti Dae) | 
@ The Vertues. +} A | 
: ey ¢ p . ny Fie d i hiey | a 
The decoction of the roots of Knee-holme made in wine and drunken, prouoketh vrine, brea- A Ha aa 


keth the ftone, driueth forth grauell and fand,and eafeth thofe that make theirwater with great 
paine, . ; 
Diofcorides writeth the fame things of the leaues and berries, which moreouer (faith hee) bring p 
downe the defired fickneffe, helpe the head-ache and the yellow jaundice. Ouerand befides, the 
roots do ferue to raife vp gently tough and groffe flegm which fticketh in the lungs and cheft,and cA ea 
doconcoé the fame. Aine 


Cra?r. 


e 


Gggs 2 


58 Ofthe Hifterie of Plants. Liza, , 


Cuap. 339. Of Horfe-tongue or Double-tongue. 


@ The Defcription. 
i TJ Onfe-tongue fendeth forth round ftalkes ofa {pan long ; wherupon are fet long broad 
H and fharpe pointed leaues, but not pricking as are thofe of Knee-holme , not vnlike 
~ ~~ to the leaues ofthe Bay tree, but leffer, greater than thofe of Knee-holm : out of the 
middle rib whereof commeth forth another leafe, fharpe pointed alfo, but fmall, and of the big- 
neffe of the leafe of Knee-holme,tefembling a little tongue. From the bofome of which two leaues 
commeth forth a berry of the bigneffe of a peafe, of colour red when it is ripe, which is fometimes 
ina manner all hid vnder the leafe. The root is white, long, and tough, and ofa fweet and pleafant 


{mell. 
1 Hippoclofjum mas. 2 Hippogloffum famina, 
The male Horfe-tongue, The female Horfe-tongue, 


ee 
SE 


2 The female Horfe-tongue differeth nor from the precedent but in ftature and colour of the 
fruit : it rifeth vp (faith my Author) foure or fiue handfulls high sthe berries come forth of the 
middle part ofthe greater leafe, and the fetting on of theleffer, ofa feint yellowifh red colour, 
wherein confifteth the difference, + This is all onewith the former: + 

3. There is likewife another fort of Double-tongue fet forth by Matthiolus, which feemes vnto 
fome not to differ from the firft deferibed or beft known Horfe tongue,being in truth the felf fame 


i 
AY UD ae 
NG | { plant without any difference:notwithftanding J haue fet forth the figure, that it may appeare tobe 
| 


the fame, or very little different,and that not to bediftinguithed ; but Matthiolus may not efcape 
without reprchenfion,who knowing the vntrue tranflation of Ryellins, would fet forth fo falfea pi- 
Raa 4 i ture in his Commentaries. 
i) 1) ee + Our Author here, as in many other places, miftakes himfelfe ; for aatthiolus did not fer 
{ forth that figur sur Author gives in this place, for Hippogloffum, but by the title of Lauras A- 
lexandrinaaltera : and it thus differs fromthe common Horfe-tongue ; ithath fhorter and rounder 
leaues, yet th ointed, and the berries are notcouered with little leaues as in the other,neither 
haue they any apparant {talkes ar all, but grow clofe to the leaues, as you may fee themexpreft in 
iif the figure, + 


; gq The 


1 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


3 Hippogloffum Matthioli. q The Place. 
Ttalian Horfe-tongue, 


. They are found on the Alps of Liguria,and on 
the mountaines of Auftria. Bellowins writeth, 
that they do grow very plentifully about the hil 
Athos. 

The firft of the Horfe-tongues growes in my 
garden very plentifully. 

§| The Time. 

That which groweth inmy garden floured 
in the beginning of May:the fruit is ripe in the 4 
fall of the leafe. 4 8 et aat 

The Names: | Wes | 

Horfe-tongue is called in Greck imirson: of ie 
the later Herbarifts, Bonifacia, Vuularia, Biflin- i 
gua, Lingua Pagana, and Vidtoriola. The fame is i 
alfonamed 9m ix, of Ida a mountaine of Troy, HT 
which is called Alexanders Troy : of fome, Las 
rus Alexandrina, or the Bay of Alexandtia, and 
Laurus Idea, 

This ippogloffum Bonifacia is called in high- sy 
Dutch, Zapflingraut sin low-Dutch, Cong» a] 
Henblades in Spanith, Lengua de Cauallo : in Bn- 
glith, Horfe-tongue, Tongne-blade, Double- tt 
tongue,and Laurel of Alexandria. i 

@] The Temperature. 

Horfe-tongue is euidently hot in the fecond 
degree; and dry in the firft. 

@ The Vertues. 
he roots of Double-tongue boiled inwine, A’ ' 
and the decoion drunke, helpeth the ftrangurie, prouoketh vrine, eafeth women thathaue hard h 


trauell inchilde-bearing. Itexpelleth the {econdine or after-birth. The root beaten to pouder, RY itt ih 
whereof fix drams giuen in fweetwine, doth helpe the difeafes aforefaid sit bringeth?downe the ie a eel 
termes, as Diofcorides teacheth. The like writeth P/imy alfo : adding further, That it caufeth women What : 

to haue fpeedy deliuerance, {pecially if halfe an ounce of the pouder of the root be giuento drink ui ! . 


ina draught of fweet wine. 
BaptiftaSardus doth notably commend this herb for the difeafes of the mother , by giuing,faith B 1 a! 


f : Hip ead 
_ he,a little fpoonfull of the pouder either of the herbe, the fruit,or of theroot, to her that is trou- Tae . 
bled with the mother, fhe is thereby forthwith recouered. He alfowriteth, that the fame.isa fin- UL } 
gular good medicine for thofe that be burften, ifa {poonfull of the ponder of the root be drunke Peed bai 
: eae 
Wt eaen IRE 


in the broth of fleth certaine dayes together, 


\ a 
@ The Kindes. : | iy 
i tenet be diuers forts of Cucumber ; fome greater, others lefler’, fome of the Garden, fome Ht ita) 
wilde ; fome of one fafhion, and fome of another, as thall be declared in the following chap- Phi ae 
ters. Per eat 
ee, : H a | | ; i ial 4 
@ The Defcription, Uy ae i 
A 3 lynne J: benith ba 
I He Cucumber ereepes alorigtt vpon the ground all about,with long rough branches ; YU 


whereupon d6 grow broad rough Ieaues vneuen about the edges: from the bofome 

whereof come forth crooked clafping tendrels like thofe of the Vine, The floures 
thoot forth betweene the ftalkes and the !eaues, fet vpon tender foot-ftalks compofed of fiue fmall 
yellow leaues ; which being patt, the fruit {ucceedeth, long, cornered, rough, and fet with certaine aE 
bumpes or rifings, greene at the firft,and yellow when they betipe, wherein is contained a firme ne 
and follid pulpe or fubftance tran{parent or thorow-fhining,which together with the feed iseaten y 
a little before they be fully ripe. ‘The feeds be white, long,and flat. _ My 


G See 3 2 There 


"gio Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


——— — 


Lipi2. 


1 Cucumis vulgare. 
Common Cucumber. 


2 Cucumis Anguina. 


Adders Cucumber. 


4 Cucumis ex Hifpanica femine natuse 
Spanifh Cucumber. 


2 There bealfocertaine long cucumbers, 
which were firft made(as is faid)by art and ma. 
nuring,which Nature afterwards did preferue : 
for atthe firft,when as the fruit is very little, it 
is put into fome hollow cane, or other thing 
made of purpofe,in which the cucumber grow- 
eth very long, by reafon of that narrow hollow- 
neffewhich being filled vp, the cucumber en- 
creafeth in length. The feeds of thiskinde of 
cucumber being fowne bringeth forth not fuch 
as were before, but fuchas art hath framed; 
which of their own growthare found long, and 
oftentimes very crookedly turned : and’ there- 
upon they haue beene called daguini , or long 
Cucumbers. 

3 The peare fafhioned Cueumber hath 
many trailing branches lying flat vpon the 
ground, rough and prickly , whereondoe ftand 
at each ioynt one rough leafe, fharpe pointed, 
and ofan oucrwern green colour;among which 
come forth clafping tendrels, and alfo {lender 
foot-ftalks,whereon do grow yellow ftarre-like, 
floures. The fruit fucceeds,fhaped likea peare, 
as big as a great Warden. The root is threddy. 

4 There hath bin not long fince fentout of 
Spain fome feeds ofa rare & beautifulcucum- 
ber,into Strausburg a city in Germany, which 
there brought forth Jong trailing branches, 
rough & hairy,fetwith very large rough leaves 
fharp pointed, fafhioned like vnto the leaues 4 

the 


hee 2. f the Hiftory of Plants. oui 


the great Bus-docke,but more cut in or diuided ; amongft which ‘come forth faire yellow floures | 
growing nakedly vpon their tender foot-ftalks : the which beeing paft,the fruic commeth in place, 
.0fa foot in length,greene on the fide toward the ground, yellow to the Sun ward, ftraked with ma- 
ny {pots and lines of diuers colours. The pulpe or meat is hard and faft like that of our Pompion; 
D353 q The Place. 
Thefe kindes,of Cucumbets are planted in gardens in moft countries of the woild. 

| The Time, f 
According to my promife heretofore made, haue thought it good and conuenient in this place {, 

| 

i 

ft 


to fet downe not onely the time of fowing and fetting of Cucumbers, Muske-melons, Citruls; 
Pompions, Gourds,and fuch like, but alfo how to fet or fow all manner and kindes of othercolde 
feeds,as alfo whatfoeuer ftrange feeds are brought vntovs from the Indies, or other hot Regions: 
widel, 
Firft ofall in the middeft of Aprill or fomewhat fooner(if the weather be any thing temperate) 
» you fhall caufe to be made a bed orbanke of hot and new horfe dung taken forth of the ttable(and 
not from the dunghill) of amell in breadth,and the like indepth or thickneffe,of what length you 
pleafe.according to the quantitie of your feed:the which bank you thal couerwith hoops or poles, 
that you may the more conueniently couer the wholebed or banke with Mats, old painted cloth, 
flraw or fuch like,to keepe it from the iniurie of the cold froftie nights, and nothurt the things Ne TS) et 
planted in the bed: then fhall you couer the bed all ouer with the moft fertileft earth finely fifted, igh hea 
i 
| 
| 
{ 


bE as 


halfe a foot thick, wherein you thall fet or fow your feeds : that being done,calt your ftraw or other ii 
couerture ouer the fame;and fo let it reft without looking vpon it, or takingaway of your couering Hi | 
for the {pace of feuen or eight daies at the moft,for commonly in that {pace they will thruft them~ Yan 
{Clues vp nakedly forth of the ground:then muft you caft vpon them in the hotteft time of the day iia 
fome water that hath ftood in the houfe or inthe Suna day before, becaufe the water fo caft vpon a 
them newly taken forth of awell or pumpe,will fo chill and coole them being brought and nouri- ARR 
fhed vp in fucha hor place,that prefently in one day you haue loft all your labour ; I mean noton- | 
ly your feed, but your bankealfo ; for in this {pace the great heat of the dung is loft and {pent, kee ce ee 
ping in memorie that every night they muft be couered and opened when the day is warmed with Feat’ eae 
the Sun beames : this muft be done from time to time vntill that the plants haue foure or fix leaues Ha i i 
a piece,and that the danger of the cold nights is paft: then muft they be replanted verie curioufly, Ba 
with the earth fticking to the:plantyas neere as may bevnto the moft fruitfull place,and where the ‘Ht! 
Sun hath moft force in the garden; prouided that vpon the remouing of them you muft couer them Be i (AF 
with fome Docke leaues or wifpes of {traw, propped vp with forked ftickes,as well to keepe them 
from the cold of the night, as.alfo the beat of the Sun ; for they cannot whileft they be young and 
newly planted, indure neither ouermuch cold nor ouermuch heat,vatill they are wel rooted in theit 
new place or dwelling. 

Oftentimes it falleth out that fome feedsare-more franker and forwarder than thereft, which. 
commonly do rifevp very nakedly wich long necks not vnlike to the ftalke ofa {mall mufhromeof 
anight old, This naked ftalkemuft you couer with the like fine earth euen tothe greene leaues,ha- 
ning regard to place your banke fo that it may be defended from the North-windes . 

Obferue thefeinftruions diligently,and then you fhall not hane caufe tocomplaine that your 
feeds were not good nor of the intemperanci¢of the climat(by reafon wherof you can get no fruit) | 
although it were in the furtheft parts ofthe North of Scotland. ae 

|) The Names. Ds} as ae 

The Cucumberis named generally Cucumis : in thops,Cucumer : and is taken for that which the teat Bei (a 
Grecians call ame jute: in Latine,Cucumisfativis,or gatden Cucumber: in High Dutch, Cucumens Te bob 
in Italian,Covcomera sin S panith, Cagombyo:in French,Concombre.. in Low Dutch,Concomimerens ° { {eich BT Sm 
in Englith,Cowcumbers and Cucumbers. a4 

@| The Temperature and Vertues. 

All the Cucumbers are oftemperature cold and moift in the fecond degree. They putrifie foon Al ; 
in the ftomacke,and yeeld vnto the body acold and moift nourifhment,and that very little,and the hh ae 
fame not good. ; Capes ait 
. Thofe Cucumbersmuft be chofen which are green and not yet ripe: forwhen they areripeand B Pt ae 

yellow they be vnfit tobe eaten. is 

The feed is cold,bur nothing fo much as'the fruit. It openeth ‘and clenfeth, prouokethvrine,o. C 4 

peneth the {toppings of the liner,helpeth the cheft and lungs that are inflamed,and being ftamped 
and outwardly applied in ftead of a clenfer,it maketh the skin fmooth and faire, 
Cucumber(faith my Author) taken inmeats,is good forthe ftomack and other parts troubled D Ha ee 
withheat.It yeeldeth not any nourifhment that is good,infomuch as the vnmeafurable vfe rhereof Lol 
filleth the veines with naughty cold humours. y it 
The feed ftamped and made into milke like as they dowith Almonds,or ftrained with ope ore 
ae hers Sp y ane are ey ayveet 


. 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


feet wine anddrunke, loofeth the belly gently, and is excellent againft che exulceration of the 
bladder. 

F The fruit cut in pieces or chopped as herbes tothe pot and boiled in.a {mall pipkin with a piece 
of mutton, being made into potage with Ote-meale,euen as herb potage are made,whereofa meffe 
eaten to break-faft,as much to dinner,and the like to fupper; taken in this manner for the {pace of 
three weekes together without intermiffion, doth perfectly cure all manner of fayce-flegme and 
copper faces,red and fhining fierie nofes (as ted as red Rofes) with pimples,pumples,rubies , and 
fuch like precious faces. 

G _ Prouided alwaies that during the time of curing you do vfe to wath or bathe the face with this 

liquour following. ; 

H Take a pinte of ftrong whitewine vineger,pouderof the roots of Ireos or Orrice three dragines, . 
fearced or bolted into moft fine duft, Brimmeftone in fine pouderhalfe anounce, Camphire two *. 
dragmes, ftamped with two blanched Almondes, foure Oke Apples cut thorow the middle, and. 
the inice of foure Limons : putthem all together in a ftrong double glaffe, fhake them together 
very ftrongly, fetting the fame in the Sunne for the {pace of ten daies : with which let the face be 
wathed and bathed daily, fuffering it to drie of it felfe without wiping itaway. This doth not on- 
ly helpe firie faces,but alfo taketh away lentils, fpots,morphew,Sun-burne, and all other deformis* 
ties of the face. : 


912 


4 Thatwhich formerly was in thefeeond place by thenamc of Cas#més Turciow , wasthe lame with the fifth of the former Edition(now the fourtb)and is theres 
fore omitced. 4 


Cuar. 341 Of Wilde (ucumber. 


Cucumis Afininys. 
Wilde Cucumber. q The Defcription. 


"He wilde Cucumber hath many fat haitie™ 
branches,very rough and full fof iuice,cree~ 
ping ortrailing vpon the ground,wheruponare 
fet very rough leaues,hairy,fharp pointed, & of 
an ouerworne grayifh greene colour: from the | 
bofomeof which come forth long tender foot- 
ftalkes : onthe ends whereof doe grow {mall 
Aloures compofed of fiue fmall leaues ofa pale» 
yellow colour: after which commeth forth the » 
fruit,of the bignes of the fmalleft pullets egge, | 
but fomewhat longer, verie rough and hairy on | 
the outfide, and of the colour and fubftance of 
the ftalkes,wherein is contained very muchwa-. 
ter and {malhard blackith feeds alfo,of the big- 
neffeof tares; which being come to maturiti¢ | 
and ripeneffe, it ¢afteth or {quirteth forth his | 
water with the feeds,cither of it owne accord,or - 
being touched with the moft tender or delicate - 
hand neuer fo gently, and oftentimes ftriketh | 
fo hard againft thofe that touch it(efpecially if | 
it chance to hit againft the face) that the place 
{marteth long after: whereupon of fome ithath | 
been called Nolt me tangere,Louch menot, The 
root is thicke,white and longlafting. 
The Place. 

Tris found in moft of the hot counttics a: 
mong rubbifh,grauell, & other vntilled places: : 
EE Ea ees ; it is planted in gardens in the Low-countries, | 
: gonce planted, faith Dodonews, it eafily commeth vp againe many yeares after (whichis : 
true:)and yet faith he further,that it dorh not {pring againe of the root,but of the feeds {pirted or | 
calt about:which may likewife be true where he hath obferued it,but inmy garden it is otherwife, 
for as Ifaid before, the root is long lafting,and continueth from yeare to yeare, 


gq The 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


@] The Time, 
It {pringeth vp in May, it floureth and is tipein Autumne, and is tobe gathered at 
to make that excellent compofition called Elaterium, 
| The Names, 

Itisealledin Gteeke awe ee = in Latine, Agreflis,and Erraticus Cacursis «in thoppes, Cucumer 
afininus.» Mltalian, Cocomero faluatico,:in Spanith, Cogumbrillo amargo: in Bnglith, wilde Cucum- 
ber,{pirting Cucumbers, and touch mesiot: in French, (oncombres fauvages. 

y : The Temperature, 

The leaues of wilde Cucumbers,roots she theirsindes as they are bitter in tafte,fo they be like. 
| wife hotand clenfing. The ittice is hot inthe fecond degree,as Galen witneffeth 
~ clenfeth and, wafterh away, 


the fame time, 


and of thin parts. fr 


10 1G The Kertues, ; 
The iuice called £4'erina doth purge forth choler,fleg me,and waterie humours,and that with A 
force,and not onely by fiege, but fometimes.alfoby vamit, 
‘», The quantity-thatis co becaken at onetime is from fue grains 
of the patient. 
The} iuice dried or hardened, and the quantitic of halfe a feruple taken, dtiueth forth by fiege C 


sop flesme,cholericke humours, and preuaileth mightily againft the dropfie, and fhortnefle of 
reath. 


Thefamedrawne vp into the nolthrils mixed with a little milk, taketh 
eles. 
Theiuice of the root dothalfo purge flegme,cholericke and waterith hum 
the dropfie:but not of fuch force as Elaterium.which-is made of the inice of the fruit : the makin 
whereof I commend to the learned and.curious Apothecaries: among which number Nv, *; Williams 
Weriebt in Bucklers Burie my,lou ing friend hath taken more paines:in curious com pofing of it; and 
hath more exactly performed the fame thanany otherwhatfoeuer.thatI hauehad knowledge af, 


e 
to ten,according tothe ftrength B 


away the redneffeofthe D 


ours,and is good! for & 


. 


: r] Lv 


C HAP. 93420 Of Citrull Cucumbers, 


¥ Citvulhasoptidbaabdyg, 2000 $02 Citrulles minor, 
“Citrull Cheadmber! 2 


Small Citrull. 


ee ee ee Petrsenreoes 


——_—_—_— 


4 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


@ The Defcription. 


I Te Citrul! Cucumber hath many long, flexible, and tender ftalkes trailing ypon the 

ground,branched like vnto the Vine, fet with certaine gteat leaues deeply cut,and very 
much iagged : among which come forth long clafping tehdrelsjand alfo tender footftalkesjon the 
ends whereof do grow floures ofa’ gold yellow colour : the fruit is fomewhat round, ftraked or rib- 
bed with certaine deepe furrowes alongit the fame,ofa green colour aboue,and vnderneath on that 
fidethatlyethvpon the ground fomething white : the outward skin whereof is very fmooth; the 
meatwithin is indifferent hard,more like to that of the Pompion than of the Cucumber or Muské 
melon: the pulpe wherein the feed lieth, is {pungie, and ofa flimie fubftance ; the {eed is long, flat, 
and greater than thofe ofthe Cucumbers :the fhell or outward barke is blackifh,fometimes ofan 
ouetworhe reddifh colour. The fruit ofthe Citrull doth not fo eafily rot or putrifie as'doth the 
Melon,which being gathered in a faire dry day may be kept a long time, efpecially being couered 
ina heape of wheat,as Matthiolus faith ; butaccording to my'practife you may keepe them much 
longer and better inaheape ofdry fand. 

2 The fecond kinde of C itrull differeth not fronr the former, fating that it is altogether lef- 
fer,and the leaues are not fo deepely cut or iagged,wherein confifteth the differetice. 

The Place and Time. 

The Citrul! profpereth beft in hot Regions, as in Sicilia, A pulia;Calabria,and Syria, about A- 
lepo and Tripolis. We haue many times fown the feeds,and diligently obferued the order preferi- 
bed inplanting of Cucumbers. 

@ The Names. a 

The later Herbarifts do call it Anguria : in fhoppes,Citrnllus,and C acne Citrillas > in Englifh, 
Citrulsjand Cucumber Citruls,and the feed: is knowne by the nate Of Semen Citrulli = or Citrull 
feed But if Cucumis Citrullus , be focalled of the yellow colour of the'Citron, then isthe common 
Cucumber properly Cucumis Citrullus : which is knownevnto all to be contrarie. 


@) The Temperature and Vertues. 

The meat or pulpe of Cucumer Citrull which is next vnto the bark is eaten raw,but more com. 
monly boiled : it yeeldeth to the bodie little nourifhment, and the fame cold : it ingendreth awa- 
terifh bloud,mitigateth the extremity of heat of the inner parts,and tempereth the fharpneffeand 
feruent heat of choler: being raw and held in the mouth,it takes away the roughnefle ofthe tongue 
in Agues,and quencheth thirft. 

The feeds are of the like facultie with thofe of Cucumbers. 


Cuar. 443. Of the wilde (itrull called Colocynthis. 


q The Defiription, 


I Oloquintida hath beene taken of many tobea kinde of the wild Gourd, it lieth along 
creeping on the ground as doe the Cucumbers and Melons,comming neereft ofall ta 
that which in thofe daies of fome Herbarifts is called Citrull Cucumber:it bringeth 

forth vpon his long branches fmal crooked tendrels like the Vine,and alfo very great broad leaues 
deéepely cut or iagged :among which come forth fmall floures of a pale yellow colour, then com- 
meth the fruit round asa bowle,couered witha thin rinde,ofa yellow colour when it is ripe, which» 
whenit is pilled or pared off, the white pulpe or {pungie fub ftance appeareth full offeedes, of a 
white or elfé an ouerworne browne colour; the fruit fo pared or pilled, is dryed for medicine; — 
the which is moft extreame bitter, and likewife the feede, and the whole plant it felfe in al[his — 
parts. 

2 Thefecond kinde of Coloquintida hath likewife many long branches andclafping tendrels, 
wherewith it taketh hold of fuch things asafe necre vnto it.Jt bringeth forth the like leaues, but 
not fo much iasged. The flouresare {mall and yellow:the fruit is fafhioned like a peare,and the o- 


ther fort round ,whercin-the efpectall difference confifteth. 


: q The Place. : 
Coloquintida is fowne and commerh to perfection in hot regions, but feldome or neuer in thefe - 
Northerly and cold countries. : 


q The 


Lin. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


1 Colocynthis. ai 2 Colocynthis pyriformes, 
Thewilde Citrull or Coloquintida. Peare fafhioned Coloquintida; 


pepe Bey TT 


6s dee EE 


“ Anminy' , > i 


@ The Time. ee 
It is fowne in the Spring and bringeth his fruit to perfeion in Auguf. H 
Ithath beene diuers times delitiered vnto me fora truth,that tliey doe grow in the fatids of the ae . 
Mediterranean fea fhore, or verie neere vnto it,wilde, for euery man to gather that litt, c{pecially TEP be 
on the coaft of Barbarie,as alfowithout the mouth of the Streights neere to Saa41 Crux and other Ht 
places adiacent,from whence diuers Surgions of London that haue travelled thither for the curing ; 
of ficke and hurt men in the fhip haue brought great quantities thereofat their rcturne. N 
@ The Names. i aan 
It isvulgarly called Coloquintida: in Grecke rise: the Latine tranflators for Colocy athis doe Mt 
oftentimes fet downe Cucurbita fylueftris : notwithttanding there isa Cucurbita fylucflres that ditle- i 
reth from Colocynthis,or Coloquintida : for Cucurbita (jluestris is called in Greeke wouios dps Or 
wilde Coloquintidawhercof fhall be fet forth a peculiar chapter next after the Cucurbira or Gourds va 3 
in Englifh it is called Coloquintida,or Apple of Coloquintida. ' 
G The Temperature. \ FD 
Coloquintidaas it isin his whole nature and in all his parts bitter, (0 is it likew ife hot and drie i tt 
in the later end of the fecond degree; and therefore it purgeth,clenfeth,openeth and performeth all 
thofe thingsthat moft bitter things do: but that the ftrong qualitiewhich itharh to purge by the j 
ftoole,is, as Galen faith,ofmore force than the reft ofhis operations. ae 
: iJ G The Vertues, Tete 
Which operation of purging it worketh fo violently,that it doth not oncly draw fortly flegme 
andcholer maruellous fpeedily, and in very great quantitie: bur oftentimes fetcheth forth bloud 
and bloudy excrements, by fhauing the guts,and opening the ends ofthe meferai¢al] veines. neat 
So that therefore the fame is not to bee vfed either rafhly, or without fome dangerous and cx- B fi eg 
treme difeafe conftraine thereunto: neither yet at allvnleffe fome tough and clammie thing bee fiat 
mixed there with,whereby the vehemencie thereof may be reprefled,ttie hurtful force dalled; and 
the fame {peedily paffing through the belly,the guts be not fret or fhaued, af¢/zes teacheth to m 
with iteither Maftich, or gum Tragacanrh. i 
There be made of it Trochifes,or little flat cakes,with Maftich,gimm: Arabick, Tragacdath afi Li 
Bacllinny, ; 


> 


\« q 

haat Age i 

tee) PE 

i 

a | 

: Mig | 

- Mi ail 

: a a 
. 

iia 

j : 


D 


tH 


(op) 


the Hutorie of Plants, 


[scraps 5 i 


cde a = = a 


Bdellium,of thefe, Maftich hath a manifeft binding qualitie : buttough and clammie things are 
tter,which haue no aftri@ ion atall 


oy fuch binding or aftringent 


things,violent medicines being reftrained and brideled, doaf 
rd work their operation with more violence and trouble: but fuch as haue nor binding things 
mixed with them do eafilier worke,and with leffer paine, as be thofe pilswhich, 44af's in his pinth 
booke of Almanzor calleth tliace: which are compounded of Cologuintidaiania Scamony, two of 
the ftrongeft medicines that are ; and ofa third called gum Sagapene, which through bis ¢lammi- 
neffe doth as it were daube the intrails and guts,and defend them from the hatme that tight haue 
come of either of them. 

The which compofition,although it be wonderfull ftrong,and not tobe vfed without very great 
neceffitie vrge thereunto,doth notwithftanding eafily purge, and without any great trouble, and 
with leffer torment than moft of the mildeftand gentleft medicins which haue Mattich and other * 
things mixed with them that are aftringent. 

And. for this caufe it is very like that Galen in his firft booke of Medicines,according tothe pla- 
ces afiected,would not fuffer Maftichand Bdellium to be in the pilles, which are furnamed Covhie: 
the which notwithftanding his Schoolematter Quintus was alfo woont before to adde ynto the 
fame. 

But Coloquintida is not onely good for purgations,in which itisa remedie for the diffineffe or 
the turning fickneffe,the megrim, continual! head-ache,the Apoplexie, the falling fickneffe, the 
ftuffing of the lungs,the gnawings and gripings of the guts and intrailes,and other moft dangerous 
difeafes, but alfo it doth outwardly worke his operations, which are not altogether to be reieGed,. 

Comman oile wherein the fame is boiled, is good againft the finging in the eares ,and deafenes: 
the fame killeth and driueth forth all mapner of wormes of the belly,and doth oftentimes prouoke 
to the ftoole,if the nauell and bottome of the belly be therewith annointed. 

Being boiled invineger, and the teeth wathed therewith, it is aremedie for the tooth-ache, as 
Mefues teacheth. 

‘ The feed is very profitable to keepe and preferue dead bodies with ; efpecially if Aloes and 
Myrrhe be mixed aith it. 

The white pulpe or fpungious pith taken in the weight of a feruple openeth the belly mighti- 
ly,and purgeth groffe flegme,and cholericke humors. 

It hath the like force if itbe boiled and laid to infufe in wine or ale,and giuen to drinke, 

Being taken after the fame manner it profiteth the difeafes before remembred,that is,the Apo- 
plexie,falling fickneffe, giddineffe of the head, the collicke,loofeneffe of finewes,and places out of 
10int,and all difeafes proceeding of cold. 

For the fame purpofes it may be vfed in clifters, ' 

The fame boiled in oile,and applied with cotton or wooll,taketh away the pain of the Hemor- 
thoides. 

The decoétion made in wine, and vfed asa fomentation orbathe, bringeth downe the defired 
fickneffe, 


Cuar. 344, Of Muske-.Melon,or «Million. 


The Kindes. 


ap Here be diuers forts of Melons found at this day, differing very notably in thape and propor- 

tion,as alfo in tafte, according to the climate and countrie where they grow « but of the Anti-« 
ents there was onely one and no more,which is that Melopepo called of Galen, Cucumis,or Galens Cue 
cumber : notwithftanding fome haue comprehended the Muske-Melons vnder the kindes of Ci- 
truls,wherein they haue greatly erred : for doubtleffe the Muske-Melon is akinde of Cucumber, 
according to the beft approued Authors, 


q The Defiription. 


1 FY Hat which the later Herbarifts docall Muske-Melons is like to the common Cucum - 
ber in ftalks,lying flat vponthe ground, long, branched ,and rough. The leaues be much 
alike,yet are they leffer,rounder,and not fo cornered: the floures in like manner bee’ 

yellow:the fruit is bigger,at the firft fomwhat hairy,fomthing long,now and then fomwhatrqund ; 
oftentimes greater,and many times leffer : the barke or rinde is of an oucrworne muffler greene 
colour, 


Lip: 2 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. eT a 


1 Melo. : 2 Melo Saccharivs, i 
The Muske Melon. ; Sugar melon, i 


4 Melo Hifpanicus. 
Spanith Melons. 


colour, ribbed and furrowed very deepely, ha- Mh ti ‘ 
uing often chappes or chinkes, anda confufed at , 
roughneffe : the pulpe or inner fubftance which UE | 
is tobe eaten, is of a faint yellow colour, The a 
middle part whereof is full of a flimie moi- Mtb 
j Wel "We WES fture, among which ‘is conteined the feed, like a 
H\s WAN Gees vnto thofe of the Cucumber, but leffer,and ofa ie ae 
, browner colour. 

2 The fugar Melon hath long trailing 1 
ftalkes lying vpon the ground, whereon are fet ee eas, eee & 
{mall clafping tendrels like thofe of the Vine, hts ay: y 
and alfoleaues like vnto the common Cucum- 


: | a 
ber, but of a greener colour: the fruite com- Ua wh 
meth forth among thofe leaues, ftanding vpon MN vial Bh aa 
flender footftalkes, round as the ftuite of Colo. pe ae 
guintida; and of the fame bigneffle, of a moft Satie i 


pleafanc tafte like Sugar, whereof it tooke the Tea a 
furname Sacchardtus. At oe 
z The Peare fafhioned Melon hath many Vi 
fong vinic branches, whereupon doe grow cor- i ; 
nered leaucs like thofe of the Vine, and like- Hilt 
Wife great ftore of long tendrels,clafping and 
taking hold ofeach thing that it toucherh:the 
fruite eroweth vpon flender foorftalkes, fafhi- Why! 
oned likevntoa Peare, of the bignes of a great 
Quince. ‘ lt 
4 The Spanifh Melon bringeth fo 
Hhhbh 


a 


6x8 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. cond 


trailing branches, whereon are fet broad !eaues flightly indented about the edges, not divided at 
all, as are all the reftofthe Melons. The fruite groweth necre vnto the ftalke, like vnto the com- 
mon Pompion, very long, not crefted or furrowed at all, but {potted with very many fuch markes 
as are on the backefide of the Harts-tongue leafe. The pulpe or meate is not fo pleafing in tafte as 
the other. 

@ The Place. 

They delight in hot regions, notwithftanding I haue feen at the Queenes houfe at Saint James 

very many of the firft fort ripe, through the diligent and curious nourifhing of them bya skilfull 
Gentleman the keeper of the faid houfe,called M'.Fow/e,and in other places necre vnto the right 
Honorable the Lord of Su/fex houfe,of Bermondfey by London,where from yeere to yeere there is 
very great plenty, efpecially if the weather be any thing temperate. 
@ The Time. 

They are fet or fowne ‘in Aprill as I haue already fhewne in the chapter of Cucumbers : their 

fruite is ripe in the end of Auguft,and fometimes fooner. } 
q The Names. 

The Muske Melon is called in Latine, Melo - in Italian, M4el/one : in Spanifh, Melon : in French, 
Melons : in High Dutch, QPelaums in low Dutch, Meloenetss in Greeke,ui,which doth fignifie 
an apple , and therefore this kinde of Cucumber is more truely called lender may OT Melopepon : by 
reafon that Pepo hath the fmell of anapple, whereto the {mell of this fruir is like ; hauing withall 
the {mell as it were of Muske: which for that caufe are alfo named Melones Mufchatellivz, or 
Muske Melons. 

@ The Temperature. 

The meate ofthe Muske Melon, is very cold and moift. 

@ The Vertues. tye 

It is harder of digeftion than is any of the reft of Cucumbers :and if itremaine long in the fto- 
macke is putrifieth, and is occafion of peftilent feuers :which thing alfo U4étins witneffeth in 
the firftbooke of his Tetrabibles, writing that the vfe of Cucumeres, or Cucumbers, breedeth pefti- 
lent féauers ; forhe alfo taketh Cucumis to be that which is commonly called a Melon: which is 
vfually eaten of the Italians and Spaniards rather to reprefc the rage of Inft, than for any other 


‘Phyficall vertue. 


The feed is of like operation with that of the former Cucumber. 


Cuar. 345. Of eMelons, or Pompions. 


q. The Kindes, 


Here be found diuers kindes of Pompions which differ cither in bigneffe or forme: it fhall be 

therefore fufficient to defcribe fome one or two of them, and referre the reft vnto the view of 
the figures, which moft liuely do expreffe their differences ; efpecially becaufe this volume wax- 
cth great, the defcription ofno moment, and I haften to an end. 


g The Defcription. 


I The great Pompion bringeth forth thickeand rough prickly ftalkes,which with ther 
clafping tendrells take hold vpon fuch things as are neere vnto them,as poles, arbours, 
pales, and ledges,which vnleffe they were neere vnto them would creepe along vpon the ground ; 
the leaues be wilde,and great, very rough, and cut with certaine deepe gafhes, nicked alfo on the 
edges likea faw ; the floures be very great like vnto a bell cup, ofa yellow colour like gold, hauing 
fiue corners ftanding out like teeth : rhe fruite is great, thicke, round, fet with thicke ribbes, like 
edges fticking forth. The pulpe or meate whereof which is next ynder the rinde is white, and of 
a meane hardneffe : the pith or fubftance m the middle is fpungie, and flimie : the feed is great, 
broad, flat, fomething white, much greater than that of the Cucumber, otherwife nor differing at 
all in forme. The colour of the barke or rinde is oftentimes ofan obfcure greene,fometimes gray. 
The rinde of the greene Pompion is harder, and as it were ofa woody fubftance : the rinde of the 
gray is fofter and tenderer, 

-2 The fecond kinde of Melons or Pompions is like vnto the former in ftalkes and leaues, and 
alfo in clafping tendrels : but the gafhes of the leaues are not fo deepe, and the ftalkes be tende- 
rer: the floures are in like manner'yellow,gaping,and cornered at the top,as be thofe of the former: 
but the fruite is fomewhat rounder ; fometimes greater, and many times leffer : and we 

fo) 


Lis. 2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. i 


919 


‘ofa greene colourwith an harder barke, now and then fofter and whiter. The meat within is like 
the former : the feeds haue alfo the fame forme,but they be fomewhar lefler, 


~ 


x Pepo maximus oblongus. 
The great long Pompion. 


2 Pepo maximus rotundus, 
The great round Pompion; 


3 Ofthiskinde there is alfo another Pompion like vnto the former in rough ftalkes ; and ini 
ga(hed and nicked leaues:the floure is alfo great and yellow, like thofe of the others: the fruir ig Mth 
ofa great bigneffe,whofe batke is full of little bunnies or hillie welts,as is the rindeofthe Citron, iW 
which isin like manner yellow when it is ripe. Mutt | 

4 The fourth Pompion doth very much differ from the others in form : the ftalks, leaues,and ; {41 ‘ 
floures are like thofe of the reft : but the fruit is not long or round,but altogether broad, and in a NP Aa Ae 
manner flat like vntoa fhield or biickler;thicker in the middle,thinner in the compaffe, and curled A aoe HE 
or bumped in certaine places about the edges, liket he rugged or vneuen barke of the Pomecitron; jae 
thewhich rinde is very foft,thin,and white: the meat within is meetely hardand dureable. The We 
{eed is greater than that of the common Cucumber,in forme and colourall one. 


See 2 ley 2 } hee 4 a ° 
£ Macocks Virginiani , five PepoV. irginianws ; it | 
The Virginian Macocke,or Pompion, | 


+ This hath tough cornered ftraked trailing branches proceeding from the roorjeight ornine foot ley i i a 
fong;or longer,and thofe againe diuided into other branches of a blackith greene colour , trailing, Hae 
{preading ,or running along ft che earth,couering a great deale of ground, fending forth broad cor- } ee | 
nered rough leaues,on great groffe, long, rough, hairy foot-flalks, like and fully as big as the leaues 
of the common Pompion,with clafping tendrels and great broad fhriueled yellow floures alfo like 
thofe of the common Pompion : the fruit fucceedeth,srowing dlongtt the ftalkes, commonly nor 
neere the root, but towards the vpper part or toppes of the branches, fomewhat round , not exten- } 
ding inlength, but flat likeabowle, but not fo bigge as an ordinarie bowle, beeing feldome H 
foure inches broad, and three inches long,of a blackifh greene colour when it is ripe, The fib- 
{tance or catablepart is of a yellowifh white colour, containing in the middeft a great deale of i 
pulpe or foft matter,wherein the feed lyeth in certaine rowes alfo,like the common Pompion, but at 
fmaller. The root is made of many whitifh branches, creeping far abroad intheearth, and perifh 
at the firft approch of Winter. Jee 

Hhhh Melones 


Qfithél Hiftorie of Plants, Luna: 


3 Pépo maximus compreffus. The great flat bottommed Pomp 


10n. 


t Shs 
atus, The great buckler Pompion. 


4 { : 5 Pcpo Indicus minor rotundus. 6 Pepo Indicus ang whofiss . : 
i ys The {mall round Indian Pompton. The cornered Indian Pompion; 


Of the Hiftory of Plans. 


Lise2. 


Melones aquatici edules Vireiniani. 
oS 


The Virginian Water-Melon. 


This Melon or Pompion is likeand fully as bigge as the common Pompion,in fpreading, run: 
ning,crceping branches, leaues,flonres and clafping tendréls : the fruit is ofa very blackith grecne 
colout,andextendeth it felfe in length neere foure inches long, and three inches broad, no bigger 
nor longer than.a great apple;and grow along ft the branches forth of the bofomes ofthe leaues.nor 
farre from the root even to the toppés of the branches,containing a fub{tance, pulpe, and fae feed 
like the ordinary Pompion: theroot is whitith , and difperfeth it felfe verie farre abroad in the 
earth, ‘and perifheth about the beginning of VVinter. » October the tenth, 162 1. John Hi] 
Goodyer, tH 


ate a The Place. Hees | 
All thefe Melons orPompions be garden plants : they iny beft ina fruitfull foile, and are com: i 
mon in England ; except the laft Aefcribed, which is as yeta ftranger. Be eth 
a The Time. eye tie 
They are planted at the beginning of Aprill: they flouréin Auguft: the. fruit is tipe in Sep- it A: 
tember. i 
© The Names, Bb) el eg 
The great Melonor Pompion is named in Greeke =m: in Latine likewife Pepo: The fruitsof EEE a ; te 
them all when they beripe arééalled by acommon name in Greekeyman:: in Englith,Millions or iq ae 
Pompion. Whereupon certaine Phy fitions,faith Galen,haue contended,thar this fruit ought tobe fi 
Called oxenim, that is to fa yin Latine,Pepo Cucumeralis, or Cucumber Pompion. Pliny inhis ninth | i 
; 
i 


booke the fifth Chapter writeth, that Cucumeres when they exceed in greatnefle are named Pepo, Ree ey 
wes : itis called in High Dutch, alukers in Low Dutch, 4Bepoenen ¢ in French, Pompous. Sat ee 
@ The Temperature land Vertues. | i 
Allthe Melons are ofa cold nature,with plenty of moifture: they hanea certaine clenfing qua- A ri 
litie,by meanes whereof they prouoke vrine, and do more fpeedily pafle through the bodice than i e 
do either the Gourd, Citrull,or Cucumber,as Galen hath written ; 
The pulpe of the Pompion is neuer caten raw, but boiled, For fo it doth more eafily defcend, B Hye aed i 
making the belly foluble, The nourifhment which commeth hefeof is little,thin,moift and cold, 
(bad , faith Gales) and that efpecially when iris not well digefted : by reafon whereof it maketh ; 
aman aptand readie to fallinto.theidifcafe called the Cholericke Paffion, andof fome the Fe- Batis. 
ldnie. 
The feed clenfeth more than the meat, it pronoketh vrine,and is good for thofe thatare troubled © 1 ‘ 
with the ftone of thekidnies. GEM 
The fruit boiled in milke and buttered, is notonely a good wholefome meat for mans bod y,but D Ass 
being fo prepared, is alfoa moft phy {ical medicine for fuch as hauean hot ftomacke, and the in- 
ward parts inflamed. a a 
The fleth or pulpe of the fame fliced and fried ina panywith butter, is alfoa goodandwholfome © Aa 
meat: butbaked with apples in an ouen,it doth fil.the body with Aatuous or windie belchings,and inl | } 
is food veterly vnwholefome for fuch as liue id!elysbut vnto robuftious and ruftick people nothing | Ae ty ae 
hurteth thar fillech the belly. 


7 


C war. 346. Of Wilde Pompions. } 


a The Defcription. 


. . . 4 : : : Ny : HH é 

r S there is awilde fort of Cncumbers,of Melons, Citruls and Gourds, fo likewife there LPR Pe Da, Be 
P% be certaine wilde Pompions, that be fo of their owne nature. Thefe bring forth rough Waele Ri 
ftalksger with tharp thorny prickles. The leauies be likéwife rough:the floures yellow a ee 


as be thofeof the garden Melon,but euery paths leffer. The fruit is thicke,round, and fharp poin- 
ted,hauing a hard sreene rinde, The pulpe or meat whereof, and the middle pithwith the feed are 
like thofe of the garden Pompion, but very bitter in tate, i 

2 The fecond is like ynto the former; bit itis altogether leffer) wherein confifteth the diffe- ja 
rence, : 


Hhhh 3 @ The Wh 


——$—$< 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li 8.2. 


OL 


I “Pepo maior (ylueftris. 2 Pepo minor fylueftris, 
The great wilde Pompion. The fmall wilde Pompion. 


ZY 
/; z 
Ei 


Sree 


; @ The Place. 
Thefe Melons'do grow wilde in Batbarie, A frica, and moft parts of the Eaftand VVett Indies} 
j They grow not in thefe parts except they be fowne. ®: 
q The Time, . 
Their time of flouring and flourifhing anfwereth that of the garden Pompion. 
@ The Names. 
: Although the Antient Phyfitions haue made no mention of thefe plants, yet the thing it felfe 
doth fhew,that there be fuch,and ought tobe called in Greeke ozs poe : in Latine, Pepenes fyluc- 
frers - in Englifh,wilde Melons or Pompions, 
} Mae @ The Temperature. 
. Like as thefe wilde Melons be altogether of their owne nature very bitter, fo be they alfo oftem- 
perature hot and drie,and that in the later end of the fecond degree, They haue likewife a clenfing 
wae facultie, not inferior to the wilde Cucumbers, 
F q The vertues. 
a ¥ A Thewine,which when the pithand feed is taken forth,is powred into the rinde, and hath remai- 
| ned fo long therein till fuch time as it becommeth bitter, doth purge the belly,and bringeth forth 
flegmaticke and cholerick humors .To be briefe, the iuice hereof is of the fame operation that the 


bi iW wilde Cucumber is of,and being dried it may be vfed in ftead of Elaterium , which is the dried 
lly iuice of the wilde Cucumber. 

- ht ) 

i is! i 
eat 1) aaa 
ida Lan Cuar.347. Of Gourds. 
ay i ' ° 

Pei. ba Alpe | q The Kindes, 

rarotay ae | Here be diuets forts of Gourds,fome wilde,and others tame of the garden;fome bringing forth 
anh Ree | 

Cr aist it j 7 


fome greater, others leffer. + I will onely figure and defcribe two or three of the chiefeft, and fo 
paffe ouer the reft , becaufe each one vpon the firft fight of them knowes to what kinde to referre 


| fruit like voto a bottle, others long, bigger at the.end, keeping no certaine forme or. fafhion; 
{ 
i them. + 


g The 


ee ee 


Lis. 2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


oh 


@ The Defcription. 


I He Gourd bringeth forth very long ftalkes as be thole of the Vine, cornered and pats 
ted into diuers branches, which with his clafping tendrels taketh hold and clymeth 
vpon fuch things as ftand neere vnto it : the leaues be very great, broad, and tharpe 

pointed, almoftas great as thofe of the Clot-Burre, but fofter,and fomewhat coueted as it were 
witha white freefe, as be alfo the ftalkes and branches, like thofé of the marith Maliow:the foures 
be white, and grow forth from the bofome of the leaues : in their places come vp the fruit, which 
are notall of one fafhion, for oftentimes they haue the forme of flagons or bottles, with a great 
large belly and a {mall necke. The Gourd (faith Pliny, lib.19. cap.5.) growetli into any forme or 
fafhion that you would haue it, either like vnto a wreathed Dragon, the leg of a man, or any other 
fhape, according to the mould wherein it is put whileft it is young : being fuffered toclime vpon 
any Arbour where the fruit may hang, it hath beene feene to be nine foot long, by reafon of his 
greatweight which hath ftretched it out to the length. The rinde when itis Tipe is verie hard, 
wooddy, and ofa Yellow colour : the meate or inward pulpeis white; the feed long, flat, poin- 
ted at the top, broad below, with two peakes ftanding out like hornes, white within, and fweet in 
tafte. 

2 The fecond differeth not from the precedent in ftalkes, Ieaucs, or floures: the fruit hereof 


is for the moft part fathioned like a bottle or flagon, wherein efpecially confifteth the difference, 


© Cucurbita anguina. 


Snakes Gourd, 


2 Cucurbita lagenaria. 
Bottle Gourds. 


ize 


My) Ip) 


jiipare 


DAE 


TW) 
\ 


X(( WHA 
Wy YUE 


The Place. prs 

The Gourds are chetifhed inthe BAbieee be thefe cold regions rather for pleafure than for pro- 

fit : inthe bot countries where they come toripenefle there are fometimes eaten , but with {mall 

delight ; efpecially they are kept for the rindes, wherein they put Turpentine, Oyle,Hony,and al- 
fo fertie them for pales to fetch water in,and many other the like vfes, 


a The Time. é ‘ : 

They are planted in a bed of horfe-dung in April, euen aswe haue taught in the planting of cu- 
eumbers : they flourith in Iune and Iuly ; the fruit is ripe in the end of Auguft. 

@ The Names. : sit 

The Gourd is called in Greeke xnéans tage : in Latine, Cucurbita edulis; Cucurbita fatina ‘ a sly, 

° uCUrDIT A 


B 


D 


E 
iB 


924 Of the Hiftory of Planes. FE G 


Cucurbita Cameraria, becaule it climeth vp, and is a couering for arbours and walking places, and, 
banqueting houfes in gardens : he calleth the other which climeth not vp, but lyeth crawling on 
the ground, (wcurbita plebeia : in Italian, Zucca : in Spanith, CalabazXa : in French; Courge : inhigh 
Dutch, Hurbs : in low- Dutch, Cautooogden : in Englith, Gourds, 

q Lhe Temperature. 

The meate or inner pulpe of the Gourd is of temperature cold and moift,and that in the fecond 
degree. 

@ The Vertues, 

The iuycebeing dropped into the eares with oyle ofrofes is good for the paine thereof procce- 
ding ofa hot caule. be ; nr 4 i 

The pulpe or meate mitigateth all hot fwellings, if ic be laid thereon in mannerofa pultis,and 
being vfed in this manner it taketh away the head-ache and the inflammation of the eyes. 

The fame Author affirmeth, shat a long Gourd or elfe a Cucumber being Jaid in the cradle or 
bed by the young infant whileft it is afleepe and ficke of an ague, it {hall bevery quickely made 
whole. 

The pulpe alfo is eaten fodden, but becaufe it hath in itawaterith and thinne iuyce,it yeeldeth 
{mall nourifhment to the bedy, and the famecold and moift ; butit eafily paffeth thorow, efpeci- 
ally being fodden, which by reafon of the flipperineffe and moiftneffe alfo of his fubftance molli- 
fieth the belly. 

But being baked in an ouen or fried ina pan it lofeth the moft part of his natural moifture,and 
therefore it more flowly defcendeth, and doth not mollifie the belly fo foone, ] 

The feed allayeth the fharpneffe ofvrine, and bringeth downe the fame. 


Cuar. 348, Of the wilde Gourd. 


1 Cucurbita lagenaria [ylucftris, 


{ 2 Cucurbita fyluefiris funciformis. 
Wilde Bottle Gourd. 


Mufhrome wilde Gourd. 


Liz. 2. | OF the Hiftory of Plants. 


@| The Defcription 


I Here is befides the former ones a certaine wilde Gourd : this is like the garden Gourd 

in clymbing ftalkes, cla{ping tendrels, and foft leaues, and as it were downy; all and 

euctie one ofwhichthings being farreleffe : this alfo clymbeth vpon Arbours and banguetting 

houfes : the fruit doth reprefent the great bellied Gourd, and thofe that be like vnto bottles in 

forme, but inbigneffe it is very farre inferiour ; for ir is fmall,and f{earfe fo great asan ordinarié 

Quince, and may beheld within the compaffe of a mans hand: the outward rinde at the firft is 

greene, afterwards it is as hard as wood, and of the colour thereof: the inner pulpe is moift , “and 

very full of iuyce,in which lieth the feed. The whole isas bitter as Coloquintida, which hath 
Made fo many errors, one efpecially, in taking the fruit Coloquintida for the wilde Gourd. 

2 The fecond wilde Gourd hath likewife many trailing branches and clafping tendrels,wher- 
with ittaketh hold offuch things as be neere vnto it : the leaues be broad, deepely cutinro divers ft maa 
fecions, like thofe of the Vine, foft and very downy, whereby itis efpecially knowne tobe one of i Ae 
the Gourds: the floures are very white,as are alfothofé of the Gourds. The fruit fucceedeth, 


925 


t | 
et 
growing toa round forme, flat on the top like the head ofa Mufhrome, whereof it tooke his fyr- i) i 
name. i b} 


@ The Place. 
They grow of themfélues wilde in hot regions ; they neuer come to perfection of ripeneffe in 
thefe cold countries. : 


© The Time, ; ; {i 
The time anfivereth thofe of the garden, } Tatas 
| The Names. in Pte 
The wilde Gourd is called in Greeke iossuisa i: in Latine, Cucurbita fjlueffris, or wilde Gourd? Ver eee a a} 
Pliny, i0.20. cap.3.affirmeth, that the wilde Gourd is named of the Grecians, «up, which is hol- an 
low, an inch thicke, not growing but among ftones,the iuyce whereof being taken is very good for Lea are gl 8 
the ftomacke. Batthe wilde Gourd is not that which is fo defcribed , for it isaboue an inch a 
thicke, neither is it hollow, but full of iuyce, and by reafon of the extteme bitterneffe offenfine to i ee 1 k 
the ftomacke: ia tr, i 4 
Some alfo there be that take this for Coloquintida,but they are far deceiued ; for Colocynthis I HP 
is the wilde Citrull Cucumber, whereof we haue treated in the chapter of Citruls, te, he 
| The Temperature. et ie Ta 
The wilde Gourd isas hot and dty as Coloquintida, that is to fay, in the fecond degree. Aa | ae 
@ The Vertues. UR aan 2 pa 
Thewilde Gourd is extreme bitter, for which caufé it openeth and fcoureth the {topped paffa-’ A i De! 
ges of the body ; italfo purgeth downwards as dowilde Melons. Ah AE it . 
Moreoucr, the wine which hath continued all night in this Gourd likewife purgeth the belly B BE hie 
mightily, and bringeth forth cholericke and fleematicke humors. au aa | 


i Cuar. 349. Of Potato's. i y 


Sifarum Peruvianum, fine Batata Hi(panorum. “4 
Potatus, or Potato’s, 


ie ne 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Li Bie 


ny 


926 


q TheDefeription. 


His Plant (which is called of fome Sifarum Peruvianum,or Skyrrets of Peru) is generally of 
vs called Potatus, or Potatoes. It hath long rough flexible branches trailing vpon the 
ground like vnto Pompions ; whereupon are fet greene three cornered leaues, very like vnto thofe 
of thewilde Cucumber.There is not any that haue written of this planthaue faid any thing of the 
floures: therefore I refer their defcription vnto thofe that fhall hereafter haue further knowledge 
ofthe fame. Yet haue {had inmy garden diuers roots that haue flourifhed vnto the firft approch 
of Winter,and haue growne vnto a great length of branches, but they brought not forth any 
flouresat all , whether becaufe the Winter caufed them to perith before their time of flouring,or 
that they be of nature barren of floures, am not certaine. The roots are many, thicke, and knob- 
bie, like vnto the roots of Peiontes, or rather of the white A {phodill,ioyned together at the top in- 
to one head, in maner of the Skyrrit , which being diuided into diuers parts and planted,do make 
a great increafe, efpecially if the greateft roots be cut into diuers goblets,and planted in good and 
fertile ground. 
@ The Place. 

The Potatoes grow in India, Barbarie, Spaine,and other hot regions ; ofwhich I planted diuers 
roots (that I bought at the Exchange in London) in my garden,where they flourithed vatil Win- 
ter, atwhich time they perifhed and rotted. 

q The Time. 

It flourifheth vnto the end of September : at the firft approch of great frofts the leaues toge- 

ther with the roots and ftalkes do perifh. 
gy The Names. : 

Clufius calleth it Battata, Camotes, Amotes, and Ignames : in Englith, Potatoes,Potatus,and Po- 

tades. ; 
@] The Temperature. 

The leaues of Potatoes are hot and dry, as may euidently appeare by the tafte, The roots are 
ofa temperate qualitic. 
q The Vertucs. 

The Potato roots ate among the Spaniards, Italians, Indians and many other nations commoii 
and ordinarie meate ;whichno doubtare of mighty and nourifhing parts, and do ftrengthen and 
comfortnature ; whofe nutriment is as it were a meane betweene flefh and fruit,but fomwhat win- 
die ; but being tofted in the embers they lofe much oftheir windinefle,efpecially being eaten fop- 
ped inwine. 

Of thefe roots may be made conferues no leffe toothfome, wholefome, and dainty than of the 
fleth of Quinces : and likewife thofe comfortable and delicate meats called in fhops Mor(éli, Pla- 
centula, and diuers other fuch like. 

Thefe Roots may ferue asa ground or foundation whereon the cunning Confeétioner or Su- 
gar-Baker may workeand frame many comfortable delicate Conferues, and reftoratiue fweete 
meates. 

They are vfed to be eaten rofted in theafhes. Somewhen they be fo rofted infufe them and fop 
them in Wine; and others to giue them the greater grace in eating, doe boyle them with prunes, 
and foeatethem. And likewife others dreffe them (being firft rofted ) with Oyle, Vineger, and 
falt, cuerie man according to his owne tafte and liking. Notwithftanding howfoeuer they bee 
dreffed, they comfort, nourifh, and ftrengthen the body, procuring bodily luft, and that with 
greedineffe, 


Cuar. 350. Of Potatoes of Uirginia. 


q The Defcription, 


if Irginia Potato hath many hollow flexible branches trailing ypon the ground, three {quare, 
vneuen,knotted or kneed in fundry places at certaine diftances : from the which knots com- 
meth forth one great leafe made of diuers leaues, fome fmaller, and others greater, fet to- 
gether vpona fatiniddic rib by couples,of a fwart greene colour tending toredneffe; the whole 
leaterefembling thofe of the Winter-Creffes, but much larger ; in tafte at the firft like graffe,but 
afterward fharpe and nipping the tongue, From the bofome of which leaues come forth long 
roun 


“Ios Be 2s Of the Hiftory of Plants. — 7 


round {lender foot-ftalkes, whereon do grow very faire & pleafant floures,made of one entirewholed 
leafe,which is folded of plaited in fuch range fort,that it feemeth tobe a floute made of Gue fun- 
dry fmall leaues,which cannoteafily be perceiued except the fame be pulled open. The whole 
floure is ofa light purple colour, ftriped downe the middle of euery fold or welt witha light thew 
of yellownefle, as if purple and yellow were mixed together. inthe middle of the floure thrufteth 
fortha thicke flat pointall yellow as gold, with a fiall (harpe greene pricke or point in the mid- 
deftthereof. The fruit fucceedeth the floures, round as aball,of the bigneffe ofa little Bulleffe 
orwilde plum, greene at the firftand blacke when it is ripe , wherein is contained {mall white feed 
leffer thanthofe of Muftard, The root is thicke, fat, and tuberous, not much differing either in 
fhape, colour, or tafte from the common Potatoes, fauing that the roots hereof are not fo great 
nor long ; fome of them are as round as a ball,fome ouall or egge-fafhion ; fome longer, and others 
fhorter : the which knobby roots are faftened vntothe ftalkes with an infinite number of threddie 


ftrings. 


BattataV, ivginiana, fine Virginianorum,es Pappus. 
Virginian Potatoes. 


: q The Place; 

Jt groweth natnrally in Aimierica, where it was firlt difcoucred, as repotts C, Clu{ius, {ince which 
time I haue receiued roots hereof from Virginia, otherwife called Norembega, which grow and 
profper in my garden as in their owhe native countrey. 

| The Time, 

The leaues thruft forth of the ground in the beginning of May:the floures bud forthin Auguit. 
The fruit is ripe in September. 

& The Names; 

The Indians‘do call this plant Pappw:,meaning the roots : by which name alfo thecontmon Po- 
tatoes are called in thofe Indian countries. Wehane the name proper vntoit mentioned in the 
title. Becaufe it hath not onely the fhape'and proportion of Potatoes, but alfo the pleafant tafte 
and vertues of the fame, we may call iim Englith; Potatoes of America or Virginia. 

+ © Clufivs queftions whether it benot the Arachidva of Theophraftus. Bavhine hatlrreferredit to 
the Nightthades, and calleth it Solanumtuberofin Efculcntum , and largely figures and deferibes it 


in his Prodromes, pag.$9. t 
@ The 


B 


” Ofahe Eliforie of Blank) | ee 


The Temperature and Vertues. 

The temperature and vertues be referred vnto the common Potatoes, being likewife a food, as 
alfo.a meate for pleafiure, equall in goodneffe and wholefomeneffe vnto the fame, being either ro- 
fted in theembers, or boyled and eaten with oyle, vineger, and pepper, or dreffed any otherway by 
the hand of fome cunning in cookerie. 

+ Bawhine faith, That he heard that the vfe of thefe toots was forbidden in Bourgondy (where 
they call them Indian Artichokes) for that they were perfuaded the too frequent vfe ofthem cau- 
fed the leprofie. $ ; 


928 


Cuap. 351. 
Of the Garden Mallow called Hollibocke. 


q The Kindes. 


Here be diuers forts or kindes of Mallowes ; fome of the garden : there be alfo fome of the 
Marith ot fea fhore ; others of the field, and both wilde. And firftofthe Garden Mallow or ” 
Hollihocke. 


1 Maluahortenfis. 


Single Garden Hollihocke. 


2 Maluarofea fimplex peregrina, 
lagged ftrange Hollihocke. 
) Zé 
QE 
an? 
CS 


q The Defcription. 

I He tame or garden Mallow bringeth forth broad round leaues of awhitifh greene co- 
lour, rough, and greater than thofé of the wilde Mallow. The ftalke is ftraight,ofthe 
height of foure or fix cubits ;whereon do grow-vpon flender foor-ftalks fingle floures 

not much vnlike to thewilde Mallow, but greater; confifting only of fiue leaues; fometimes white 
or red, now and then ofa deepe purple colour; varying diuerfly,as Nature lift to play withit + in 
their places groweth vp a round knop likea little cake, compact or made vp of a multitude of flat 
feeds “ little cheefes.. The rootis long,white,tough, eafily bowed, and groweth deepe in the 
groun ° 

2 The 


2 <The fecond beinga ftrange kinde of Hol: 
lihocke hath likewife broad leaues, tough and) 
hoarie, or of anonerwotne rifle colour, cutinto 
diuers feftions cuen.to the middle tibbe, like 
thofe of Palma, Chrifti, The floures ate very 
fingle, butofa perfed red colour, wherein con. 
fifteth the greateft difference. +, And this may 
be called salu rofea fimmplex peregrina falio Ficus, 
lagged ftrange Hollihocke, + 

3. The double Hollihocke with purple 
floures hath great broad leaues, confufedly in- 
dented about the edges, and likewife toothed 
likea faw, The ftalke groweth to the height of 
foureor fiue cubits. The floures are double, and 
of a bright purple colour, 

4 The Garden Hollihocke with double 
floures of the colour offcarlet, groweth to the 
height of fiue or fix cubits, hauing many broad. 
leaues cut about the edges, The ftalke and roor 
is like the precedent. ¢ This may be called 

Wav ttukes bortenjis rubra multiplex, Double red Hol- 

lihockes,or Rofe mallow. + 

5 The tree mallow is likewife one of the 
Hollihockes ; it bringeth forth a great ftalke of 
the height of ten or twelue foot, growing tothe 
forme of a {mall tree, whereon are placed diuers 
reat broad leaues of aruflet greene colour, nor 
volike to thofe of the great Clot Burte Docke, , 
deepely indented about the edges. The floures 
are very great and double as the sreateft Rofe, or 
double Peiony, of adeep red colour tending to 

/ ; blackneffe.. The roote is great, thicke, aud of a 

wooddy fubftance,asis the reft ofthe plant. + This may becalled Malwa hortenfis atrarubente multi- 

pliciflore. + q The Place, 
Thefe Hollihockes are fowne in gardens,almoft euer 


cMalua purpurea multipler, 


Double purple Hollihocke. 


y where,and are in vaine fought elfe where, 
«| The Time, 


The fecond yeere after they are fowne they bring forth their floures in Tuly and Auguft, when 
the feed is ripe the ftalke withereth, the root remaineth and fendeth forth new ftalkes, leaues and 
floures,many yeres after. 

| The Names. 

The Hollihocke is calledin Greekeperxe: of diuers, Rofa vltramarina, or outlandith Rofe,and, 
Rofa hyemalis,or winter Rofe. And this is that Rofe which Piiny in his 2 1,book,4.chapter writes to 
haue the ftalke ofa mallow,and thedeaues ofa pot-herbe,which they cal Mo/ceuton:in high Durch, 
Garten pappeless sin low Dutch, winter Woolen: in French, Rofé d’ outre mer : in Englith, Holli- 
hocke, and Hockes, 

| The Temperature. 

The Hollihockeds meetely hor, and alfo moift, but not fo muchas the wilde Mallaw:it hath 

likewife a clammiefubftancewhich is more manifeft in the feed and root,than in any other part, 

@ The Vertues, ; 
The decoction of the floures, eff pecially thofe of the red, doth ftop the oueimuch flowing of the 4 
monthly courfes,ifthey be boiled in red wine. 


The roots, leaues, and feeds ferue for all thofe things forwhich the wilde Mallowesdo, which B 
aremore commonly and familiarly vfed. ; 


— 


Cuar. 3521 OfthewildeMalloves, 


| The Deftription. 
r THe wilde Mallow hath broad feanes fomewhat round and cornered, nickt about the 
edges, {mooth, and greene of colour : among which rifevp many flender copgh sey 


i) 
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Of the Hiftorie of Plants. is iasal 


cladwith the like leaues,but fmaller. The floures grow vpon little foorftalkes of a reddifh colour 
mixed with purple ftrakes, confifting of fiue leaues, fafhioned like abell : after which commeth vp 
aknapor round button, like vntoa flat cake, compact of many fmall feeds. The root is white, 
rough, and full of a flimie juice, as is all the reft of the plant. 

2 ‘The dwarfewilde Mallow creepeth vpon the ground : the ftalkes are flender and weake, yet 
tough and flexible. The leaues be rounder,and more hoary than the other. The floures are {mall 
and ofa white colour. 

3. The crifpe or curled Mallow, called of the vulgar fort French Mallowes,hath many fmal! 
vpright ftalkes, srowing to the height ofacubit, and fometimesfrigher , whereon do grow broad 
leaues fomewhat round and fmooth,ofa light greene color, plaitéd or curled about the brims like 
aruffe. The floures be fmalland white. The root perifheth when it hath perfected his feed, 


xr (Malua fylucftris. 2 Maluafyluctris pumila. 
The field Mallow, . The wilde dwarfe Mallow. 
Vra Luo SyMve flu Mm pete votiinrdiptor 


fiom 


4 The Veruaine Mallow hath many ftraight ftalkes, whereon doe grow diuers leaues deepely 
fi i cut and jagged even to the middle rib, not vnlike to the leaues of Veruaine, whereof it tooke his 
namé ; among which come fotth faire and pleafant floures like vnto thofe of the common Mallow 
| in forme, but ofa more bright red colour, mixed with ftripes of purple, which fetteth forth the 
beautie. The root is thicke, and continueth many yeeres. + This is fometimes though more 

rarely found withwhite floures. 

+ 5  Thisannuall Mallow,called by Clufiss,Maluatrimefiris,is very like our common Mallow 
fending vp flender branched ftalkes fome three foot high ; the bottome leaues are round,thofe on 
; a the ftalkes more fharpe pointed, greene aboue,and whiter vnderneath , the floures confift of fiue 
paitae te | Ieaues of a light carnation colour, the feed is like that of the ordinary mallow,but fmaller; and 
\ is fuch alfo is the root which perifhes euery yeere as foon as the feed is ripesit is fowne in fome gar- 
hee dens, and growes wilde in Spaine. + 
ay . . @ The Place. ; 
The two firft mallowes grow in vntoiled places among pot-herbes, by high waies, and the bor- 
ders of fields. 

The French mallow is an excellent pot-herbe, for the which caufe it is fowne in gardens, and is 
not to be found wilde that J know of, 

The 


Lis. 2. ( Of the Hiftory of Plants. 931 


3 Malua crifpa. a A Maluaverbcnaca. 
The French curled Mallow. Veruaine Mallow. 


£5 Malwa oftina Wifpanica. 
The Spanifh Mallow. a 

The Veruaine Mallow groweth not euerie BERN | 
where : 1t growes-on the ditch fides on the left 
hand of the place ofexecution by London,cal- ; ' 
Jed Tyborn :alfo in a field neere vntoa village GUE eae 
fourteene miles from London called Buthey, neh 
onthe backe-fide ofa Gentlemans honfe na- 
med M*. Robert Wylbraham: likewife amongtt 
the buthes and hedges as you go from London belt 
toa bathing place called the Old Foord , and 
in the bufhes as you go to Hackny a village by 
London, in the clofes nextthe town,and in di- 
uets other places, as at Baffingburne in Hart- 
fordfhire, three miles from Roifton. it 

t M®*. Goodyer found the Veruain Mallow Biri i 
with white floures growing plentifully in a Wey: 
clofe neere Maple-durham in Hampfhire, cal- Ma) a 
led Aldercrofts. + iff 

mq The Time. : Ni 

Thefe wilde Mallowes do floure from Tune 
till Sommer bewell {pent ; in the meane time 
their (eed alfo waxeth ripe. 


| The Names. 

The wilde Mallow is called in Latine Mal- 
uafylueftres : in Greeke, srxaiyy a'gg2, OF apprtfas and. 
deme, aS thouigh they fhould fay a mitigator of bine 
paine ; of fome,Ofirzaca: in high-Dutch ,49ap= it eae aad 
peli: in Low-Dutch, Qpalutwe, and teef= ii 
Keng crutts in Englifh Mallow, Hg 
Titi 2 The i 

} 


~~ See 


A 


B 


932 Of the Hittorie of Planes; Li a a 


The Veruaine Mallow is called of Diofcorides, Alcea: in Greeke, ®*«: of fome, Herba Huncarica. 
and Herba Simeouis, oy Simons Mallow : in Englifh, Veruaine Mallow, and lagged Mallow. i 

The name of this herbe Malwa feemeth tocome fromthe Hebrewes, who call it in their tongue 

mia Malluach, of the taltncfie, becaufe the Mallow groweth in faltifh and old’ruinous places, as 
in dung-hills and fach like, which in moft aboundant manner yeeldeth forth Salt-peter and fuch 
like matter: for nis LAtelach fignifiech falt, as the Learned know. Iam perfuiaded that the Latine 
word Malwa commeth from the Chaldee name Atallucha, the guttural! lettern, C4, being left our 
for good founds fake : fo that it were better in this word Maliia to readew as a yowell,thanas a con- 
fonant : which words are vetered by the learned Do@tor Rabbi Dauid Kimhi,and feeme to carrie a 
great fhew of truth: in Englih it is called Mallow ; which name commeth as neereas may be to 
the Hebrew word. 
The Temperature. 

Thewilde Mallowes hauea certaine moderate and middle heate, and moiftneffe withall: the 
iuyce thereof is flimie, clammie, or gluing, the which are to be preferred before the garden Mal- 
low or Hollihocke, as Diphilus Siphinus in Athenaus doth rightly thinke , who plainely fheweth 
that the wilde Mallow is better than that of the garden : although fome do prefer the Hollihocke, 
whereunto we may not confent, neither yet yeeld vnto Galen, who is partly of that minde,yet ftan- 
deth he doubefull : for the wilde Mallow without controuerfie is fitter to be eaten, and’more plea- 
fant than thofe of the garden, except the French Mallow, which is generally holden the wholfom- 
meft, and amongft the pot-herbes not the leaft commended by Hefiod : of whofe Opinion was Ao. 
vace, writing in his fecond Ode of his Epodon 

——_ er grani 

Malue falubres corpori. 
The Mallow (faith Galen) doth nourith moderately, ingendreth grofle bloud, keepeth the bodie 
foluble, and loofeth the belly that is bound, Iteafily defcendeth, not onely becaufe it is moift,but 
alfo by reafon it is flimy. 


2 


@ TheVertues 
The leaues of Mallowes are good againft the ftinging of Scorpions, Bees, Wafps,and {uch like: 
and ifaman be firft anointed with the leaues ftamped witha little oyle,he fhal not be ftung at all, 
Diofcorides faith. 
The deco&tion of Mallowes with their roots drunken are good againft all venome and poyfon, 
if it be incontinently taken after the poyfon, fo that it be vomited yp againe. 


C__ The leaues of Mallowes boyled till they be foft and applied,do mollifie camors and hard fwel- 


lings of the mother, if they dowithall fitouer the fume thereof, and bathe themfelues therewith. 


D  Thedecodionvied in clifters is good againft the roughneffe and fretting of the guts , bladder, 


and fundament. 


The roots of the Veruaine Mallow dohcale the bloudy flix and inward burftings;being drunke 
with wine and water, as Diofcorides and Paulus Aigineta teftifie. 


Cua. 353. Of Marlb Mallow. 


«| The Defcription. 


I Arth Mallow is alfo a certaine kinde of wilde Mallow : it hath broad leaues, {mall 

i A toward the point, {oft, white,and freefed or cottoned,and fleightly nicked about 

the edges : the ftalkes be round and ftraight, three or foure foot high , of awhitifh 

gray colour ; whereon do grow floures like vnto thofe of the wilde Mallowes, yet notred as they 

are,but commonly white,or of a very light purple colour out of the white : the knop or round but- 

ton wherein the feeds lie is like that of the firft wilde Mallow. Theroot is thicke , tough, white 
within, and containeth in ita clammy and flimy iuyce, 

ft 2 This ftrange kinde of Mallow is holden amongft the beft writers to bea kinde of marfh 

Mallow : fome excellent Herbarifts haue fet it downe for Sida Theophra/ti,wherto it doth not fully 

anfiver : it hath talks two cubits high,wheron are fer without order many broad leaues hoarie and 


whitith, not vnlike thofe ofthe other marfh Mallow : the floures confift of fiue leaues,and are lars | 


ger than thofe of the marfh Mallow, and ofa purple colour tending to redneffe : after which there 
come round bladders ofa pale colour, in fhape like the fruit or feeds ofround Ariffochia, or Birth- 


wort, wherein is contained round blacke feed. The root is thicke and tough, much like that of | 


the common Mallow. 


3 This’ 


Of the Hiftorte of Plants, 933 


Letme: 2! 


1 Althea lbifcus. 
_ Marth Mallow. . ‘ 
¢ DOK, artis £. 


4 Althea frutex Clafij. 
Shrubbed Mallow: 


at ES 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 
Alcea fiuticofa cannabina, 3. This wilde Mallow is likewife referred 
{empe-leaned Mallow. vnto the kinds of marfh Mallow, called gene- 


rally by thename of Altheawhich groweth to 
the form ofa fmal hedge tree;approching nee: 
rer to the fubftance or nature of wood than 
any of the other ; wherewith the people of Ol- 
bia and Narbone in France doe make hedges, 
to feuer or diuide their gardens and y ineyards 
(euen as we doe with quicke-fets of privet or 
thorne )wyhich continueth long : the ftaike 
whereof gtoweth vpright,very hikh,comming 
neere tothe Willow inwooddinefle and fib= 
ftance. The floures crow along tt the fame,in 
fafhion and colour of the common wild mals 
low. 

4 The fhrubby mallow rifeth vp like vn 
toa hedge bath, and of a woodd y fubftance, 
diuiding it felfe into diners tough and limber 
branches, coucred with a barke of the colour 
of afhes , whereupon do grow round pointed 
leaues, fomewhat nickt about the edges, very 
foft,not vnlike to thofe of the common marth 
mallow, and of an ouerworne hoary colour, 
The floures grow at the top of thé ftalks, ofa 
purple colour, confifting of fiue leaues 5 very 
like to the commonwilde mallow, and the 
feed 6f the marth mallow. 

5 We haue another fort of mallow, cal- 
led of Pewa,A lcea fruticofior peataphylla : it brin- 
geth forth in my garden many twiggy bran- 
ches, fet vpon ftiffe falkes of the bigneffe ofa 
mans thumbe, growing to the height of ten 
or twelue foot : whereupon are fet very many leaues deepely cur euen to the middle rib , like vnto 
the leaues of hempe : the floures and feeds are like ynto the common mallow :dhe root is excee- 
ding great, thicke, and ofa wooddy fubftance. + Clufius calls this Alcea fruticofacannabino folio : 
and itis with good reafon thoughtto be the Cannabis [ylucftris defcribed by Dioftorides , lib, ue 
cap. 166. + 

@ The Place. 

The common marth mallow groweth very plentifully inthe marfhes both on the Kentith and 
E flex fhore along ft the riuer of Thames, about Woolwych, Erith, Greenhyth, Grauefend, Tilbu- 

Lee, Colchefter, Harwich, and in moft {alt marfhes about London : being planted in gardens 
it profpereth well, and continueth long. 

The fecond groweth in the moift and fenny places of Ferraria, betweene Padua in Italy,and the 
riuer Eridanus. 

Theothers are ftrangers likewife inEngland notwithftanding at the impreffion hereof I haue 
fowen fome feeds of them inmy garden, expecting the fucceffe. 


| The Time. 


They floure and flourifh in Tuly and Auguft : the root {pringeth forth afreth eucry yearein the 
beginning of March, which are then tobe gathered, or in September, 


@ The Names. 
The common marth mallow is called in Greeke arm's and idinee : the Latines retaine the names 
Althea and thifcws : in (hops, Bifmalua, and Maluanifcus , as though they fhould fay Malua Ibifius: 


in high-Dutch, Gbifch : in low-Dutch, npitte Palutwe,and nogitten HemE: in Italian and Spa- 
nith, Maluanifco : in French, Guimanlue : in Englifh, marth mallow, moorifh mallow , and white 
mallow. 


The reft of the mallowes retaine the names expreffed in their feuerall titles, 
q The Temperature, 


Marfh mallow is moderately hot,but drier than the other mallowes: the roots and feeds hereof 


are more dry, and of thinner parts, as Galen writeth ;and likewife ofa digefting, foftning,or molli- 
fying nature, 


q The 


| 


Lis.2. 


OF the Hiftory of Plants, 935 
; a The Vertues. : , 
The leaues of Marth Mallow are of the power to digeft,mitigate painejand to concog: A 
They be with good effec mixed with fomentations and pulteffes againtt paines of the fides; of B 


the ftone,and of the bladder, ina bath alfo they ferue to take away any manner of paine. 


Tke decoction of the leaues drunke doth the fame, which doth not only afliwage paine which C 
proceedeth of the ftone,but alfo is very good tocaufe the fameto defcend more ealily,and to pafle 
forth. 

The roots and feeds are profitable for the fame purpofe: moreouer the decodtion of the roots D 
helpeth the bloudy flix, yetnotby any binding qualitie, but by mitigating the gripings and fret- 
tings thereof: for they doe not binde at all, although Galen otherwife thought,but they cure the 
bloudy flix,by hauing things.added vnto theni,as the roots of Biftort , Tortmentill, the floures and 


| rindes of Pomegranates and fuch like. 


| 
| 


| 


The mucilage or flimie iuice of the roots,is mixed very effe Aually with all oils,ointments,and 
plaifters that flacken and mitigate paine. 

The roots boiled in wine,and the decoction giuen to drinke, expell the ftone and grauell, helpe 
the bloudy flix,{ciatica,crampes, and convulfions. 4 

The roots of Marfh Mallows, the leaues ofcommon Mallowes,and the leaues of Violets,boiled 
in water vntill they be verie foft,and that little water that is left drained away, ftampedina ftone 
marter,adding theretoa certaine quantitie of Fenugreeke,and Linefeed in pouder ; the rootof the 
blacke Bryonie,and fome good quantitie of Batrowes gteafe, ftamped altogether to the forme ofa 

ulcis,and applied very warme,mollifie and foften Apoftumes and hard fwellings, fvellings in the 

ioints,and fores of the mother : it confumeth all cold tumorts,blaftings,and windie outgrowings;it 
curcth therifts of the fundament ; it comforteth, defendeth, and preferueth dangerous grecne 
wounds from any manner of accidents that may happen thereto, it helpeth digeftion in them, and 
bringeth old vicers to maturation. 

The feeds dried and beaten into pouder and giuen todrinke, ftoppeth the bloudy flix and laske, H 
and all other iffues ofbloud. 


GQ. Ss 


Cuars 354. Ofthe yellow Ete, (No Gow 


Althea Lutea. 
Yellow Mallow. | The Defcription. 

ee : ft We ‘yellow Mallow rifeth yp witha round 

é ftalke,fomething hard or wooddie,three or 
foure cubits high, couered with broad leaues' 
fomething round, but fharpe pointed, white, 
foft fet with very fine haires like to the leaues 
of gourds,hanging vpon long tender foorftalks: 
from the bofome of which leaues come forth 
yellow floures, not vnlike to thofe of the com- 
mon Mallow in forme: the knops or feed: vef- 
fels are blacke,crooked,orwrinckled, made v 
of many fimall cods, in which is black feed:the 
root is fmall,and dieth when it hath perfea&ed 
his feed. 
@ The Place. 

The feed hereof is brought vnto vs from 
Spaine and Italy : we doe yearely fow it inour 
gardens, thewhich feldom or neuer doth bring 
his feed to ripeneffe : by rea fon whereof,we are 
to fecke for feeds againft the next yeare. 

The Time, 

It is fowne in the midft of Aprill, ir brings 

forth his floures in September. 
@ The Names. 

Some thinke this tobe Abutilon : whereup- 
on thatagreeth which 4uign writeth, that it 
is like to the Gourd, that is to fay in lerfe, and 
tobenamed Adutilon , and Arblurilon : diuers' 
take 


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A Aniten faith,ths 


936 “Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


take itto be that A/theaor Marth Mallow, vntowhich Theophrajfws in his ninth booke of the Hi. 
ftorie of Plants doth attribute Florem pian, or a yellow floure : for the floure of the common 
Marth Mallow isnot yellow,butwhite ; yet may T4eophraflus his copie, which in diuers places is 
faultie, and hath many emptic and vnwritten places,be alfo faultie in this place ; therefore it is 
hard to fay, hat this is Theophrafiws marth Mallow,efpecially fecing that Theophraftus {eemeth al- 
fo to attribute vnto the root of Marfh Mallow fo much flime, as that water may bee thickened 
therewith,which the roots of common Marth Mallow can very well doe: but the root of Abutilon 
or yellow Mallow not at all: itmay be calledin Englifh, yellow Mallow, and Aunicenhis Mal- 


low. 


g The Temperature. 
The temperature of this Mallow is referred vnto the Tree-mallow. 
The Vertues. 
ilon or yellow Mallow,is held tobe good for greene wounds,and doth pte- 
fently glewt y,and perfectly cure the fame. 
The feed drunke inwine preuaileth mightily againft the ftone. 
Bernardus Paludanus of Anchufen reporteth,that the Turks do drinke the feed to prouoke fleepe 


B 


and reit. 


Cua. 355. Of Venice Mallow,or Good-night at Noone. 


1 Alcea Peresrina. 2 Sabdarifa, 
Venice Mallow. Thornie Mallow. 


q The Defiription. 


Tt F He Vgpice mallow rifeth vp with long,round, feeble ftalkes,whereon are fet vpon long 
__ ~~ iender foot-ftalkes.broad iagged leaues, deepely cut euento themiddle rib : amongft 
which come forth very pleafant and beautifull floures,in fhape like thofe of the common mallow, 
: fomething 


Lute 2. 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 937 


fomething white about theedges, buein the 
+ 3 AlccacKigyptia. middle ofa fine purple: inthe middeft of this 
The Agyptian Codded Mallow. floure ftandeth forth a knap or peftel,as yellow 
; as gold: it openeth it felfe about eight of the 
clocke, and fhutteth vp againe at noone, about 
twelueaclockwhen it hath receiued the beams 
of the Sun, for two or three houres, whereon it 
fhould feeme to reioice to look, and for whofe 
departure, being thenvpon the point of declen- 
fion, itfeemes to grieue, and fo fhuts vp the 
floures thar were open, and neuer opens them 
againe ; whereupon it might more properly be 
called Afalva horaria,or the Mallow ofan houre: 
and this Columella feemeth to call Moloche,in 
this verfe , 


—Et Moloche, Prono fquitur que vertice folems 


The feed is contained in thicke rough blad- 
ders, whereupon Dedoneus calleth it Alcea Ve- 
fcaria: within thefe bladders or feed veffels are 
contained blacke feed , not vnlike to thofe of 
Nigella Romana, The root is {mall and tender,8 
perifheth when the feed is ripejand muftbe in- 


carefully referued. 

2 Thorn Mallowrifeth vp with one vpright 
ftalk of twocubits high, diuiding it felfe into 
diuers branches, whereuponare placed leaues 
deeply cut te the middle rib,and likewife fnipt 
about the edges like a faw, in tafte like Sorrel 
the floures forthe moft part thruft forth of the 
trunke or body of the fmall ftalke, compa of fiue {mall leaues,ofa yellowith colour; the middle 
partwhereof is of a purple tending to redneffe:the husk or cod wherein the floure doth ftand is fet 
orarmed with fharpe thornes : the root is {mall fingle,and moft impatient of our cold clymate,in- 
fomuch that when [had with great induftrie nourifhed vp fome plants from the feed, and kept 
them vnto the midft of May;notwithftanding one cold night chancing among many, hath deftroi- 
edthem all. 

£ 3 Thisalfoisa ftranger cut leaued Mallowwhich C/ufivs hath fet forth by the name of AI- 
cea eigyptia:and Profper Alpinus by the title of Bammmia:the ftalke is round ,ftraight, ereen,fome cu- 
bit and halfe high:vpon which without order grow Jeaues at the bottome of the ftalk, like thofe of 
Mallow,cornered and {nipt about the edges ; but from the middle of the ftalke to the top they are 
cut in with fiue deep gafhes likeas the leaues of the laftdefcribed: the floures grow forth by the 
fides of the ftalke,in forme and colour like thofe of the laft mentioned,to wit, with fiue yellowith 
leaues : after thefe follow long thicke five cornered hairy and fharpe pointed feed veffels, contai- 
ning a feed like ovobus,couered with a little downineffe : this growes in Egypt, where they eat the 
fruit thereof as we do Peafe and Beanes : 4/pinus attributes diuers vertues to this plant,agreeable 
to thofe ofthe common Marfh-mallow. + : 
| @ The Place. 

The feeds hereof haue been brought out of Spaine and other hot countries. The firft profpereth 
well in my garden from yeare to yeare. 


@ The Time. 
They areto be fowneinthe moft fertill ground and funnie places of the garden, inthe bes 
ginning of May,or in the end of Aprill. 
) G The Names. 

Their names haué beene fufficiently touched in their {eueral defcriptions. The firft may be cal- 
. led in Englifh, Venice-mallow,Good-night at noone,or the Mallow flouring but an houre: of Mar- 

i thiolus it is called Aypecoon,or Rue Poppie,but vnproperly. 

@| The Temperature and Vertues, 

There is a certaine clammie iuice in the leaues of the Venice V allow, whereupon it is thought 
to 


creafed by new and yearely fowing of the feed, 


-— 


938: OF the Hiftotie of Plants. L1s.2. 


to come neere vnto the temperature of the common Mallow,and to be ofa mollifying facultie:but 
his vfe in Phyficke is not yet knowne,and therefore can there be no certaintie affirmed, 


Cuar. 356. Of Cranes-bill, 
q The Kindes, 


a ae be many kindes of Cranes-bil,whereof two were known to Djofcorides, newith the knob- 
by root,the other with the Mallow leafe. 


Geranium Columbinum. @ The Defcription. 
Doues foot,or Cranes-bill. y 
Ali ot aly fol 


Cyrus v rol 


|B pean: hath many hairy ftalks, trailing 
or leaning toward the ground, of a brow- 
nifh color, {omewhat kneed or iointed;wherup- 
on do grow rough leaves of an ouerworne green 
colour,tound,cut about the edges, and like vnto 
thofe of the common Mallow: amongftwhich 
come forth the floures of a bright purple color : 
after which is the feed, fet together like the head 
and bil ofa bird,wherupon itwas called Cranes- 
bill,or Storks-bill, as are alfo all the other of his 
kinde. The root is flender,with fome fibres anne- 
xed thereto. 

$ 2 There is another kinde ofthis with 
larger ftalkes and leaues,alfo the Jeaues are more 
deeply cut inand diuided,and the floures are ei- 
ther of the fame colouras thofe of the common 
kinde,or elfe fomewhat more whitifh. This may 
becalled Geranium columbinum maius difvcctis foli- 
#, Great Doues foot. 

3 To this kinde may alfo fitly be referred 
the Geranium Saxatile of Thalius : the root is {mal 
and threddy , the leaues are fmoother, redder, 
more bluntly cut about the edges , and tranfpa- 
rent than thofe of the firft defcribed, yet round, 
and otherwife like them : the floures are {mall 
and red, and the bills like thofe of the former. 
Matter Goodyer found it growing plentifully on 
the bankes by the high way leading from Gil- 
ford towards London, neere ynto the Townes 
end. + 

q The Place. 
_ Itis found neere tocommon high waies,defart places,vntilled grounds,and {pecially vpon mud 
walls almoft eucry where. 


@ The Time. 
F It fpringeth vp in March and Aprill ; foureth in May, and bringeth his feede to ripeneffe in 
une, 
@ The Names. 

It is commonly called in Latine, Pes Columbinus : in High Dutch, Spcarter graut : in Low 
Dutch, Bupues Hoet in French,Pied de Pigeon : hereupon it may be called Geranium Columbinum. 
in Englifh,Doues-foot,and Pigeons-foot : of Diofcorides,Geraninm alterwm. of fome,Pulmonia, and 
Gruina, 

The Temperature. 

Doues foot is cold and fomewhat drie,with fome aftridion or binding,hauing power to foder or 
ioine together. 

@ The Vertues, 

It feemeth,faith my Author, tobe good for greene and bleeding wounds, and affvageth inflam- 
mations or hot fwellings, ri 


The 


OfchsHilteries Planral 


Lisi 2. ssl 


| ' ‘Theherbe and roots dried,beaten into moft fine pouder,and giuen halfe a fpoonfull faftin g,and B 
| the like quantitie to bedwards in red wine,or old claret, for the {pace of one and htee daies to- 
_ gether, cureth miraculoufly ruptures or burftings, as my felfe Hiané often prooued, eee Thaue 
| gotten crownesand credit: if the ruptures be in aged perfons , it fhall be needfull Sie thereto 
_ the powder of red {nailes (thofe whithout fhels) dried in an ouen, innumbet nisie; whic a fortifi. 
the herbs in fuch fort, that itneuer faileth, although the rupture be great and of long conninuance: 
| it likewife proficeth much thofe that are wounded into the body, and the decostion of the uae 
made inwine,preuaileth mightily in healing inward wounds,as my felfe haue likewife proued, 


° 


Cuar. 357. Of Herbe Robert. 


eranitms Robertianwns Ry 
aie, Robert. ) q] The Deféription: 

Cerone oi TH orerinn Erbe Robert bringeth forth flerider weake 
Han brittle ftalks {omewhat hairieand ofa 
reddifh colour, as ate oftentimes the leaues al- 
fo,which are iagged and deepely cut, like vnto 
thofe of Cheruile ofa moft loathfome ftinkine 
{mell. The floures are ofa moft bright purple 
colour ; which being paft,there follow certaine 
{mal heads,with fharpe beaks or bils like thofe 
of birds : the root is {mall and threddie. 

@ The Place. 

Herbe Robert groweth vpon old walls,as wel 
thofe made of bricke apd ftone,as thofe of mud 
or earth;it groweth likewifeamong rubbith; in 
the bodies of trees that arecut downe, and in 


ae 


moift and fhadowie ditch banks. 
q The Time, 
Tt floureth from Aprill till Sommer beal- 


NY moft {pent:the herbe is green in winter alfo,and 
A q us is hardly hurt with cold: 

WYEZ Ay The Names. 
Ch 


Tris called in neh Durch, Rupaechts brat: 
in low Dutch, Robsechts kruit: and theteup- ( 
On itis named in Latine,Rubertaand Roberti her- Wt 
ba: RueHis calleth it Robertiana and we, Rober 
tianum: of Tabernamontanus,Rupertianum ; in En- 
glith,Herbe Robert. Hee that conferteth this 
Cranes bill with Diofcorides his third Sideritis 
iy is. fhall plainely perceiue, that they are both one, yd 
and that this is moft apparently Siderits 3-Diofioridis , for Diofcorides fetteth downe three Sideriti- hs 
des, one with the leafe of Horchound ; the next with the leafe of Fearne ; and the third growethin i 
walls and Vineyards: the natiue foileof Herbe Robert agree thereunto, and likewife the leaves, it 
being like vnto Cheruile,and not vnlike to thofeof C orianders, according to Diofcorides deferip~ 
| tion. ; 
| G The Temperature. 
____ Herbe Robert is oftemperature fomewhat cold.:and yet both fcouring and fomewhat binding; 
participating ofmixt faculties. 


q The Vertues. 
It is good for wounds and vicers of the dugs & fectet parts, it is thought to ftanch bloudwhich 4 
thing Dofcorides doth attribute to his third Stderitis: the vertue of this, faith he,is applied toheale-.* 
vp bloudy wounds, Peyeihan ger 


CHari 


940. ~——~—~s«sOO the Elifftorie of Plants, 


Cuar. 358. Of knobbed (ranes-bill 


Geranium tuberofum. a RE 
Knobbie Cranes-bill. & The Defcription. 


T is kinde of Cranes-bill hath many flexi- 

ble branches,weake and tender, fat,and full 
of moifture,wheron are placed very great leaues 
cut into diuers {mall fections or diuifions , r¢- 
fembling the leaues of the tuberous Anemone,or 
Wind-floure,but fomewhat greater,of an ouer- 
worn greenifh colour:among which come forth 
long foot-ftalks,whereon do grow faire floures, 
ofa bright purple colour,and like vnto the fal. 
left brier Rofe in forme: which being paft,there 
fucceed fuch heads and beaks as the reft of the 
Cranes-bill haue : the root is thick,bumped or 
knobbed, which we call tuberous. 

@ The Place. 

This kinde of Cranes-bill is a ftranger in 
England,notwithftanding Ihaue it growing in 
my garden. 

@ The Time, 
The time anfivereth the reft of the Cranes- 


ae bills, 
; \ . | The Names, 
p He F Cranes bill is called in Greeketipéen in Lae 
i } tine,Gruimalis commonly Roftrum Gruis, or Rom 
[trum Ciconie : of the likeneffeofa Cranes-bill, 
i ail or ftorkes-bill :of fome, CAcus mofcata:but that” 
/ name doth rather belong toanorher of this kind: » 
funy itis alfo called Acs Pafforis : in Italian » Roftra 
: Bu ase é iy ok phe di grua: in French, Bec de Grye : in Spanith, P/- 
60 dé Ciqutna,pico del grow : in High Dutch Storckentehuable: in Low Dutch, Diieuoers beck: 
Fide a and Pincke-needle : this is alf6 called for diftin. ° 
Cti1ons fake, Geraninm tubero um aN G eranineé bulbolwm » it is lice; : ) ; yy, i 
or Bales sf re eee im : it is likewife Geraninm primum Diofcoridis 
: | : | The Temperature, 
; The roots of this Cranes-bill haue a little kindeof heat in them, 
| ; © The Vertues, 
hl ‘A Diofcorides faith that the roots may beeaten,and that a dram weight of them drunk in wine doth 
wafte and confume away the windinefle of the Matrix, 
Alfo Pliny affymeth,that the root hereof is fingular good for fuch as after weaknefle craue to 
/ be reftored to their former ftrength. 
ee it Cc. The fame Author affirmeth that theweicht ofa dram of it drunke in wine three times in a day, 
; { 4s excellent good againft the Ptificke, or confiumption of 


the lungs, 


“| : 
. ie | het nas Poke ee 
tear } 
| 


i : Crap. 359. Of ML; usked Cranes-bill, 


ey G The Defiription. 
4 ; 4 1 - Tel; rv 
i | a sked Cranes-bil hath many weake and feeble branches trailing vpon the ground, whereon 
doe grow long leaues,made of many {maller leaues, fer vypona middle rib, {nipt or cut about 
eal the edges, ofa pleafant fwveete fmell, not vnlike to that of Muske: a 
7 7 ; 


‘ 
1 
Ry i ay see el mong which come forth: 
Payee i ith} the floures fet vppon render foote-ftalkes,ofa red colour,compaé of fine fisall canes apiece:after 
t 
' 


- which appeare {mall heads and pointed beakes orbills Lik ‘kindeso ; 
fl ‘> Gasor is benbant ie like the other'kindes of Cranes bills = the 


a The 


Linz Of the Hiftorie of Plants, base 


Geranium mofchatum, 


Musked Cranes bill. The Place. 


Ma Bel uokinn. 


Iris planted in Gardens forthe fweet {mel} 
that thewhole plantis poffefled with, + bur 
ifyou rub the leaues and then {mell to them, 
you fhall finde them to hauea fent quite con. 
trary tothe former. + 

q The Time, 

Tt floureth and flourifheth all the fommer 
long. 

@ The Names, 

Itis called Myrrhida Pliny Roftrum Cicovia; 
feu mofchata, in fhops, and Acus paftorss, and 
likewife Geranium mofchatum : in Bng\ifh,Mut- 
ked Storkes bill, and Cranes bill, 1: /chatum, 
and of the vulgar fort Mufchata, and alfo Pick. 
needle. i 

@ The Temperature. 


This Cranes bill hath not any of his facul- 
ties found outor knowne: yet it feemeth to be 
colde and a little dry, with fome aftriGioner 
binding. 

@ The Vertues. 


The vertues are referred vnto thofe of Doues 
foot, and are thought of Déofovides to be good 
for greene and bloudy wounds, and hot fiel- 
lings that aré newly begun. 


\ 
Cuar.360.. Of (row-foot (ranes-bill, or Gratia Dei. 
q The Défeription. 
i Row foot Cranes bill hath many long and tender branches tending toredneffe, fet with 


great leaues deepely cut or jagged, in forme like thofe of the fielde Crow foot,whereof 

it tooke his name ; the floures are pretty large, and grow at the top of the ftalkes vpon 
tender footftalkes, ofa perfe@ blew colour:which being paft,there fucceed fuch heads,beakes, and 
bils as the other Cranes bils. 

Thaue in my garden another fort ofthis Cranes bill, bringing forth very faire white floures, 
which maketh it to differ from the precedent; in other refpeats there is no difference at all, 

¢ 2 Thiswhich isthe Geranium 2. Batrachiodes minus of Clufius hath large ftalkes and leaues, 
and thofe very much diuided or cut in; the ftalkes alfo are dinided into fundry branches, which 
vpon long footftalkes carry floures like in thape, but leffe than thofe of the formerly defcribed, 
and not blew, but ofa reddith purple colour, hauing ten threds and a pointall comming forth of 
the middle of the floure ; thebeakes or bils which are the feed ftand vpright,and hang not downe 
their points as moft others do, The root is large and liues many yeares. 

3 The ftalkes of this are ftiffe, greene,and hairy, diuided at their tops into fuiidry branches 
which end in long footftalkes, vpon which grow floures commonly by couples,and they confift of 
fiue leaues apiece,and thefe ofadarke red colour. The leaues are large,foft,and hairy, dinided 
into fix or feuen patts,and fnipt about the edges ; theroots are large and lafting. It is kept with 
vs in gardens,and floures in May. Clufivs calls it Geranium t.pullo flore, : 

4 This alfohath ftalkes and leaues much like thofe of the laft deferibed, but fomewhat leffe: 
the florues are as large as thofe of the laft deferibed,but ofa more light red, and they are conteined 
inthicker and fhorter cups, and fuccceded by fhorter feeds or bills,andare commonly ofa fiveet 
muske-like fmell : The root is very long,red and eo It floures in'the middeft of May, and is 

a DF eaiy.! Qe ‘ i § Seay Se % called 


Lip 2. 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 943 


_ called by Gefner,Geganium montanum:by Dodeneus,Geraninm batrachioides alterum:and by Lotell,Gera- 
| 
] 


ninm batrachtoides longius radicatum. + 
q, The Place. 
Thefe Cranes bils are wilde of their owfle nature, and grow in batren places, and in vallies ra. 
ther than in mountaines ; both of them do.grow in my garden. 
@ The Time. 
They floure,flourith,and grow greene moft part of the Summer. 


@ The Names, 

Itiscalled in Greekejnarezzoude, and Geranium batrachioides, which name it taketh from the like- 
| nefle of Crowfoor: of fome it is called Razwnculus ceruleus or blew Crowfoot: Fuchfius calleth it 
®ottes guad,that is in Latine,Gratéa Dei : in Englifhalfo Gratia dei,blew Cranes bill,or Cranes 
bill with the blew floures, or blew Crowfoot Cranes bill. 
| The Temperature. 

The Temperature is referred to the other Cranes bils. 

@ The Vertues. 

None of thefe plants are now invfe in Phyficke yet Fuchfiws faith, that Cranes bill with the 

blew flouse is an excellent thing to heale wounds. 


Med 
Cuar. 36%. Of (andy Cranes bill. ee eh 


Geranium Creticums 2 Geranium Malacoides, 


Candy Cranes bill. ‘ Baftard Gandy Cranes bil] i . 


x(t 


es 
= 


LV ZZ 


ih 3 


= 


S 
he a 4 EDIE fp 
| ¢ PA \ 


| The Defcription. 

t abi Cranes bill of Candie hath many long tender ftalks.foft,and full of juice: diuiding: 
it felfe into diuers branches,whereon are fet great broad leaues,cut, or jagged in diuers 

Kkkk a 


fections: 


; 944 Of the Hiftory of Plants, Ta Be 2 


fections or cuts: among which come forth flowers compofed of fiue leaues apiece, of ablawvith 
or watchet colour, inthe middle part whereof come forth a few chives,anda fmall pointel! ofa 
purplifh colour: the head and beake is like to the reft of theCranes bills,but greater: the roord 
when it hath perfeéted his feed. 

2 This Cranes-bill,being a baftard kinde of the former, hath Jong flender branches grow 
ing to the height of two or three cubits, fet-about with very great leaues,not vnlike to thofe of Ho]- 
lihocks,but fomewhat leffer,ofan ouerworne greene colour:among which rife vp little foor-ftalks, 
on the ends whereof do grow {mall floures, leffer than thofe of the precedent, and ofa murrey co- 
Jour: the head and feeds are like alfo,but much leffer ¥ the roots doe likewife die at the fir ap. 
proch of WV inter. 


licth 


@ The Place. 
Thefe are ftrangers in England, except in the gardens of fome Herbarifts: they grow in my gar- 
den very plentifully. 
q The Time, 
The time anfwereth the reft of the Cranes-bils,yet doth that of Candie floure for the moh part 
with me in May. 
q The Names. 


There is not more to be faid of the names than hath been remembred in their feueral titles:they 
may becalled in Englifh,Cranes-bils, or Storkes-bils, 
| The Temperature, 
Their temperature anfwereth that of Doues-foor. 


@ TheVertues, 
Their faculties inworking are equal] to thofe of Doues-foot, and vfed for the fame purpofes, 
(& rightly) {pecially being vfed in wound drinks, for the which it doth far excel any of the Cranes 
bils,and is equall with any other herbe whatfoeuer for the fame purpofe. 


Cuar. 362. Of diners wilde Cranes-bills. 
© The Kindes. 


Tier be diuers forts or kindes of Cranes-bils which haue not been remembred of the antient> 

not much fpoken of by the later wrirers,all which I meane to comprehend vnder this ehapters 
making as itwere of them a Chapter of wilde Cranes-bils, although fome ofthem haue place in 
our London gardens,and that worthily,efpecially for the beautie of the floures : their names fhail 
be expreffed in their feueral titles,their natures and faculties are referred to the other Cranes-bils, 
or if you pleafe to a further confideration, 


@ The Defcription. 


I Potted Cranes-bill,or Storkes-bill the which Lobel def{cribeth in the title thus, Geranr 
umm Fufcum flore linido purpurante,cy medio Cand:cante, whofe leaues are like vnto Crow- 
foot (beeing a kinde doubrleffe of Cranes bill, called Gratia Dei) of anouerworne 

duttie colour,and of a {trong fauous,yet not altogether vnpleafant ; the ftalkes are dric and brittle, 
atthe tops whereof doe grow pleafant floures of a -darke purple colour, the middle partofthem 
tending towhiteneffe : from the ftile or pointel thereof, commeth forth atuftof fm 
ty threds. The root is thick and very brittle,lifting it felfe forth of the ground, info 


ny Of the faid roots lie aboue the ground naked without earth,cuen as the roots of 
doe. 


all purple hat- 
much that ma- 
Floure-de-luces 


2 Ofthefe wilde ones I haveanother fort in my garden, which Clufizs inhis Pannonickeob- 
feruations hath called Geranium Hamatoides, or fanguine Cranes bill: and Lobel,Geraninm Gruinum , 
or Gruinale : it hath many flexible branches creeping vpon the ground: the leaues are much like 
vato Doues foot in forme, but cutenento the middle tib + the floures are like thofe of the fall 
wilde mallow, and of the fame bigneffe,ofa perfed bright red colour, which if they be fuffered ro 


grow 


eRe SSE REE SESE Dea et AOE EST ART 
AE Be 2e Of the Hiftory of Plants. oAs 
1 Geranium maculatum fine fufcwm. 2 s veuepay feaguin arin, 
bill. oul ranes bill, in 
Spotted Cranes bill yeas ee 


SU) 4) A ‘| i i 
a SA haa | 
he TES ae if ee aa 
a OE eS Be NE 
y NX GENIE : OBE el -@ 
WY 4 S< i ii Na 4 
’ J fi he | 
J ay i ti i i Ha) ' 
5 {\ a de 
Sy, Hi | R 
Pur | hae 
= —— AN i ' 
, t 
at ree a 4 Naoto? 
© 3 Geranium Cicute folioinodorum., 5 Geranium Violacenm, BY) Mespey 
Vonfauorie fielde Cranes-bill, Violet Storkes-bill, aan a ie 
evedt tan Conptarri0.11J) , i 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.z. 


grow and itand vntill the next day;will be amurry colour;and if they ftand vntothethird day, 
will curne into.adeep purple tending to blewnefle,their changing is fuch, thar you fhall finde ar 
one time vpon one branch floures like in forme, but of divers colours. The root is thicke,and of a 
wooddie fubftance. 

3 Thiswilde kinde ofmusked Cranes bill,being altogether without fauoutor {mell, is called 
Myrrhida inodorum.or Geraninm arvenfe inodorum which hathmany lea ues {pred fat vpon the ground, 
euery leafe made of diuers {maller leafes,and thofe cut or iagged aboiit the cdges,of n0 fmelatall: 
among ft which rife vp flender branches , whereon doe grow {mall flourcs ofa light purple colour; 
the root is long and fibrous. : 

4 This isalfo one of the wilde kindes of Cranes-bills,agreeing with the lat deferibed in cach 
refpedtexcept the floures, for as the other hath purple Aoures,fo this plant bringeth forth white 
floures,other difference there is none atall. 

5 The Cranes-bill with violet coloured floures, hath a thicke wooddie root, with fome few 
Rrings annexed thereto : from which rife immediatly forth of the ground diuers {tiffe ftalkswhich 
diuide themfelues into other {mall branches, whereupon are fet confufedly broad leaues,made of 
three leaues apiece and thofe iagged or cut about the edges: thefloures grow at the top of the 
branches ofa perfe& Violet colour,whereof it tooke his name: after which come fuch beakes or 
bils as the other of hiskinde. ; 

+ The figure that was put vnto this Defcription is the fame with Geraninm Robertianum, and 
therefore I thought it not much amiffe to put it hereagaine. $ 

6 I haue likewife another fore that was fent me from Robinus of Paris, whofe figure was neuer 
fet forth,neither defcribed ofany : it bringeth from a thicke tough root, with many branches of a 
brownith colour:wherupon do grow leaues not vnlike to thofe of Gratia Dei,but not fo deeply cut, 
fomewhat cornered,and of a fhining greene colour : the floures grow at the top of the tender bran- 
ches,compofed of fixe fmall leaves, of a bright fearlet colour. 


jthey 


@ The Place. 


Thethirdand fourth of thefe Cranes.bills growe of themfelues about old VValls, and a- 


bout the borders of fields, VVoods and copfes; and moft of the reft wee haue growing in Our gar- 
dens. ms 


j @ The Time. 

; 

Thefr time of flouring and feeding anfwereth the reft of the Cranes bills, 
@ The Names. 


+4 | Their feuerall titles fhall {erue for their names, referring what might hauebeen {aid more to 
! a further confideration, 


@ The Nature and Vertues. 


IA! ; : : ; 
‘A’ There hath not as yetany thing beene found either of their temperatureor faculties, but may 
be referred vnto the other of their kinde. 


( hf ; : 
bit + Cuar. 363. Of certaine otber Cranes-bills, 
: 
if ; 
i 1 Ve q The Defcription. 
if Lin eae ‘Hiswhich Clufivs receiued from Do@our homas Pennie of London,and fets forth 
{ by the fame titleas you finde it here expreft,hath aroot confifting offundry long 
, iy ; and {mall bulbes,and which is fibrous towards the top : the ftalke is a cubit high, 
Be 4 ioynted,and red neere vnto the roote, and about the ioints : out of each.of thefe ioyntes 
Rina ‘i { i come two leaues which are fafteried vnto fomewhat long foot-ftalkes , and diuided into fiue 
aah bat parts, which alfo are fhipt abour theedges : out of each of which ioints by the fetting on the 


foot-ftalkes 


Lip, Of the Hiftory of Plants. . 947 


4 1 Geranium bulbofim Pennei. £2 Geranium nodo(um, Platcaw. 
Pennies bulbous Cranes bill. Knotty Cranes bill. 


evmariUne_nothotuim 
a = 


| 3 Geranium argenteum Alpinum. 
| Siluer leaned Mountaine Cranes bill. 


foot-ftalkes come forth fiue. little tharpe 
pointed leaues : the floures grow by couples 
vpon the tops of the ftalkes, and are ofa red~ 
difh purplecolour. Ir growes wilde in Den- 
mark;whenee D*, Turver brought it,and be- 
{towed it vpon D*. Peany before mentioned. 
2 This hath ftalks fome foot high, ioin- 
ted, and of a purplith colour: vpon which 
grow leaues diuided into three parts ; but 
thofe below are cut into fiue, and both the 
one and the other are fhipt about the edges : 
the floures are compofed of fiue reddifh pur- 
ple leaues ofa pretty largenefle, witha red- 
difh pointall in the middle , and falling,the 
{eed follows, as in other plants of this kind : 
the root is knotty, and ioynted,with fome fi- 
bres : it Houres in May, and fo continuetha 
great part of the Sommer after. Clufiws calls 
this Geranium 5. nodofuns, Plateau, This fom- 
times is found to carry tuberous excrefcen- 
ces vpon the ftalkes, toward the later end of 
Sommer , whence Plateaw diftinguithed it 
from the other, but afterwards found it tobe 
the fame: and Clufius alfo figures and defcri- 
beth this later varietie by the name of Gera- 
nium 6. tubcriferum Plateau. 
3 Theroorofthisis fome two handfuls 
Te he Jeng; 


ee 
x 


SSS 


= 


: 048 " Of the Hifterie ‘of Plants, 


loi pi. 


long, blacke without, and white within, and towards the top diuided into fundry parts whence 
put forth leaues couered ouer witha fine filuer cowne ; and they are diuided into five partsycach of 
which againe is diuided into three others, and they are faftned to long flender and round foot~ 
ftalkes : the floures grow vpon foot-ftalkes fhorter than thofe of the leaues ; the floures in colour 
and fhapeare like thofe of the Vervaine Mallow, but much leffe ;andafter it is vaded there fol 
lowes a {hort bill,as in the other plants of this kinde, It floures in [uly, and growes vpon the Alps, 
where Pora found it, and firft fer it forth by the name of Geranium Alpinum longius radicatum, 

4  Theftalkes ofthis pretty Cranes billare fome foot or better high, whereon grow leaues 
parted into fiue or fix parts like thofe of the Geranium fufcum, but of a lighter greene colour : the 
floutes are large, compofed of fiue thin and foone fading leaues ofa whitith colour,all ouer inter- 
mixt with fine veines of a reddifh colour , which adde a great deale of beauty to the Houre + for 
thefe veines are very {mall, and curioufly difperfed ouer the leayes of the floure. It Foures in Tune, 
and is preferued in diuers ofour gardens ; fome cal it Geran. Romanum firiatum : in the Hortus Effet 
tenfis itis fet forth by thename of Geranium Anglicum variegatum, Bathine calls it Geranium batra- 
chiodes flore variegato. VVe may call it Variegated or ftriped Cranes bill, ‘ 

5 There is of late brought into this kingdome, and to our knowledge, by the induftry of M*. 
Tohn Tradefcant, another more rareand no leffe beauzifull than any of the former; and he had it by 
the name of Geraninm Indicum noc odoratum : this hath not as yet beene written of by any that I 
know ; therefore I will giue you the defeription thereof, but cannot as yet giue you the figure,be- 
caufe [ omitted the taking thereof the laft yeare, and it is not as yet come to his perfection. The 
leaues are larger, being almoft a foot long, compofed of fundry little leaues ofan vnequal bignes, 
fetvponathicke and ftiffe middlerib ; and thefe leaues are muchdiuided and cut in,fo that the 
whole leafe fomewhatrefembles that of Tanacetum inodorum-and they arc thicke,steene,and fome- 
what hairy ; the ftalke is thicke, and fome cubit high ; at the top of each branch,vpon foot- ftalkes 
fome inch long grow fome eleuen or twelue floures, and each of thefe floures confifteth of fiue 
round pointed leanes of a yellowith colour, witha large blacke purple {pot inthe middle ofeach 
leafe, as if itwere painted, which giues the floure a great deale of beauty, and italfo hath a good 
fmell. I did fee it in floure about the end of Iuly, 1632. being the firft time that it floured wich 
the owner thereof, We may fitly callit Sweet Indian Storks bill, or painted Storks bill: and in 
Latine, Geranium Indicum odoratum flore maculato. + 


er 


Cuap. 364. Of Sanicle. 


Sanicula, five Diapenfia, Sanicle. @| The Defeription. 


¢ hboe:. vik NSS op Anicle hath leaues of a blackifh greene co- 
: four, fmooth and fhining,fomewhat round, 
diuided into fiue parts like thofe of the 
Vine, or rather thofe of the maple:among which 
rife vp flender ftalkes ofa browne colour, onthe 
tops whereof ftand white moffie floures :in their 
placescomevpround feed, rough, cleauing to 
mens garments as they pafle by,in manner of lit- 
tle burs : the roor is blacke, and full of threddie 
firings, ( 


@| The Place. 
It groweth in fhadowie woods and copfes al- 
ft euerie where : itioyeth ina fat and fruitful 


Nn 
moutt foile. 


mo 
mo 
© The Time, 

It foureth in May and Iune : the feed is ripe 
in Auguft: the leaues of the herbe are greene all 
the yeare,and are not hurt with the cold of Win- 
ter. 

qq The Names. 

It is commonly called Sanicula ; of diners,Di- 
apenfia: in high and low Dutch, &anthel 3 in 
French, Sanicle: inEnglith, Sanickle, or Sani- 
kel : it is fo called,4 | fanandis vulneribus,or of hea- 
ling of wounds, as Rwedlins faith :therebe alfo 
other 


~ Liaia Of the Hiftory of Plants, 949 


other Sanicles, fo named of mokt Herbarifts, as that which is deferibed by the name of Dentaria,or 
Coral-wort, and likewife Auricula vrfi, ot Beares eare,which isa kind of Cov flip ; and likewife 
another fet forth by the name of Sanicalagutidta, wheteof we hatie entreated among the kindes of 
Beares eares, 
@ The Temperature, i 

Sanicle as it is in tafte bitter, with acertaine binding qualitie ; fo befides that it clenfeth, and 
by the binding faculty ftrengthneth,ic is hot and dry,and thar in the fecond degree,and after fome 
Authors, hot in the third degree, and aftringent. 

q The Vertues. 

The inyce being inwardly taken is good to healewounds, i 

The decoGion ofit alfo made in wine ot water is giuen againft {pitting of bloud and the blou- 
die flix : alfo foule and filthy vicers be cured by being bathed therewith. The herbe boyled in wa- 
ter, and applied in manner of a pulteffe, doth diffolue and wafte away cold fwellings : it isvfed in 
potions which are called Vulnerarie potions, or wound drinkes, which maketh whole and found 
all inward wounds and outward hurts : it alfo helpeth the vicerations of the kidnies, ruptutes, or 
burftings. 


Cuar, 365. Of Ladies “Mantle, or great Sanicle. 


Alchimilla. G The Defcription, 
Lyons foot, or Ladies mantle, 


Adies mantléhath maty round leaves, with 
fue or fix corners finely indented about the 
edges,which before they be opened are plai- 

ted and folded'rogether, not vnlike tothe Ieaues 
of Mallowes,but whiter,and more curled: amonc 
which rifewp tender {talks fer with the like leaucs 
but much lefler,: onthe tops whereof grow {mall 
moffie floures clufteting thicke together ofa yel- 
lowith greene'colour. The feed is {mall and yel- 
low,inclofed.in greene husks, The root is thicke, 
and full of threddy ftrings. 
Gf The Place, 

It groweth ofit felfe wilde in diuers places,as 
inthetowne paftures of Andouer;and in many 
other places in Barkfhire and Hamp fhire,in their 
paftures and cnpfes, or low woods, andalfo vporr 
the banke ofa mote that inclofeth a houfe in Bu- 
they called Bourn hall, fourteen miles from Lon- 
don, and in the high-way from thence to Wat- 
ford,a {mall mile diftant from ir. 

@ The Time. 

It floureth in Mayand Lune: it flouriffeth in 

Winter aswell as in Sommer. 
@ The Names. 

Iris called of the later Herbarifts slchimilla - 
and of moft, Stellaria, Pes Leomis, Pata Leoni, and 
Sanicula maior : inhigh-Dutch,Sypanquty , and 
Onler Frautoen mantel sin French, Pred de Lion: 
in Englith, Ladies mantle, great Sanicle, Lyons foot, Lyons paw ; and of fome, Padelyon. 

q| The Temperature. ; vit: 
Ladies manyle is like in temperature to little Sanicle, yet is it more drying and more bindings, 


q) The Fertues. 


It is applied towounds after the fame manner that the {miller Sanicle is, being Of like effica» 4 


“cle tit Roppeth bleeding, and alfo the ouermuch flowing of the natural fickneffe: it keeps downe 
i maidens paps ordugs, and when they be too great or flagey itmaketh them leffr or harder. 


CHAP, 


Olthe Hidtorio Pie Lina. 


Cuar. 366. Of Neefe-wort Sanicle, 


EWebori ne Alpina. §[ The Defcription, 

Necionasienucle V HenI made mention of Helleborws al- 
bis , 1 did alfo fet downe my cenfure 
: concerning Elleborine,or Epipadtis but 
this EWeborine of the Alpes I put inthis place, 
becaufe it approcheth neerer vnto Sanicle and 
Ranunculus,as participating of both: it grow- 
oth in thé mountaines and higheft parts of the 
Alpith bills, and is a ftranger as yet inour En- 
: . Le ii gli h gardens, The root 1s compact of many 
a ge large! oe i fmall twifted ftrings like black Hellebor:from 
oN \ thence arife {mall tender ftalkes, {mooth, and 
eafie to bend ; inwhofe tops grow leaues with 
fiue diuifions,fomewhat nickt about the ed- 
ges like vnto Sanicle : the floures confit of fix 
Jeaues fomewhat fhining,in tafte {harp,yet nor 
vnpleafant.This is the plant which Pena found 
inthe forreft of Efens, not farre from Iupiters 
mountand fets forth by the name of Alpina EL. 

leborine Sanicule & Ellebori nigri facie. 


@ The Nature and V ertuese 


Thaue notas yer found any thing of his na- 
ture Or vertues. 


Cuar. 367. Of (row-feet. 
Q) The Kindes. 


T3 be diuers forts or kinds of thefe pernitious herbes comprehended vnder the name of Ra- 

aunculus, or Crowfoot, whereof moft are very dangerous to be taken into the body, and there- 
fore they require a very exquifite moderation, with a moft exa@ and due manner of temperiag,not 
any of them are to be taken alone by them felues, becaufe they are of moft violent force, and there- 
fore haue the greater need of correétion. 

The knowledge of thefe plants is as neceffarie to the Phyfitian as of other herbes, to theend 
they may fhunthe fame, as Scribonius Lareus faith, and not take them ignorantly : or alfo, ifnecef- 
fitie at any timerequire, that they may vfe them » and that with fome deliberation and {peciall 
choice, and with their proper correétiues. For thefe dangerous Simplesare likewife many times 
ofthemfelies beneficiall, and oftentimes profitable : for fome of them arenot fo dangerous, but 
that they may in fome fort, and oftentimes in fit and due feafon profitand do good, if temperature 
and moderation be vfed : of which there be foure kindes, as Dsofcorides writeth ; one with broad 
Jeaues, another that is downy,the third very fmall,and the fourth with awhite floure : the later her- 
barifts haue obferued alfo many moe : all thefe may be brought into two principall kindes,fo that 
one be a garden or tame one,and the other wilde ;and of thefe fome are common, and others rare, 
or forreigne. Moreouer, there isa difference both in the roots and in the leaues ; for one hath a 
bumped or knobby root, another a long leafe as Speare-wort: and firft of thewilde or field Crow- 


feet,referring the Reader ynto the end of the ftocke and kindred of the fame, for the temperature 
and vertues, 


i Ranunculus 


952 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


q| The Defcription, 

i He common Crow-foot hath leaues diuided into many parts,commonly three,fomes 
times fiue, cut here and there in the edges, of adeepegreene colour, in which fand 
diuers white {pots : the ftalkes be round, fomething hairie, fome ofthem bow downe 

toward the ground, and put forth many little roots, whereby it taketh hold ofthe groundas it trai 
leth along : fome of them ftand vpright, a foot high or higher;on the tops whereof grow fmall 
floures with fiue leaues apiece, ofa yellow glittering colourlike gold : in the middle part of thefe 
floures ftand certaine {mall threds of like colour : which being paft, the feeds follow, made vpina 
rough ball: the roots are white and threddy, ; : 

2 The fecondkinde of Crow-foot is like vnto the precedent, fauing thar his leaves are fatter, 
thicker, and greener, and his {mall twiggy ftalkes ftand vpright, otherwife it is like :of which kind 
it chanced, that walking in the field next to the Theatre by London, in the company of aworfhi 
full merchant named M’. Nicolas Lete, I found one of this kinde therewith double floures, which 
before that time I had not feene. = 

q The Place. 

They grow of themfelues in paftures and medowes almoft euery where. 

qq The Time, 

They floure in May and many moneths after. 

q The Names. 

Crow-foot is called of Lobel, Ranunculus pratenfis : of Dodoneus, Ranunculus hortenfis, but vnpro= 
perly : of Pliny, Polyanthemum, which he faith diuers name Batrachion ; inhigh-Dutch, >eymaltss 
bluort: in low Dutch, Soter blocmen 3 in Englith, King Kob,Gold cups,Gold knobs,Crowfoor, 
and Butter-floures. 

% @ The Defcription, 

3 Thethird kinde of Crow-foot, called in Latine Rasunculus aruorunm, becaufe it growes com? 
monly in fallow fields where corne hath beene lately fowne, and may be called Corne €row-foor, 
hath for the moft part an vpright ftalke of a foorhigh,which diuides it felfe into other branches 
whereon do grow fat thicke leaues very much cut or iagged,refembling the leaues of Sampire,bue 
nothing fo greene, but rather ofan ouerworne colour. The floures grow at the top of the branches, 
compact of fiue {mall leaues of faint yellow colour : after which come in place clufters of rough 
and fharpe pointed feeds. The root is fmall and threddy. d 

4 The fourth Crow-foorwhich is called Ranunculus Alpinus becaufe thofe that haue firft write 
ten thereof haue not found itelfewhere but vpon the Alpith mountains (notwithftanding it grow 
eth in England plentifully wilde,efpecially in a wood called Hampfted Wood, and is planted in 
gardens) harh diuers great fat branches two cubits high, fetwith large leaues like the common 
Crow-foot, but greater,of'a deepe greene colour, much like to thofe of the yellow Aconite,called 
Aconitum luteum Ponticum, The floures confift of fiue white leaues, with {mall yellow chiues inthe 
middle, fmelling like the floures of May or Haw-thorne,but more pleafant. The roots are grea- 
ter than any of the ftocke of Crow-feet. : 

@ The Place and Time, 

Their place of growing is touched in their defcription : their time of flouring and feeding anj 
{wereth the other of their kindes, 4 
q The Names. 

The white Crow-foot of the Alps and French mountaines is the fourth of Diofcorides hig 
defeription ; for he defcribeth his fourth to hauea white floure: more hath not bin faid touching 
the names, yet Tabern. calls it Batrachinm album : in Englifh, white Crow-foot. 

| The Defcription. 

s Among thewilde Crow-feet there is one that is fyrnamed I/yricus,which brings forth flen: 
der ftalks, round,and ofa meane length : whereupon doe grow long narrow leauescut into many 
Jong gathes, fomrhing white, and couered with a certaine downinefle : the floures be ofa pale yel- 
low colour: the root confifteth of many fmall bumpes as it were graines of corne, or little long 
bulbes growing clofe together like thofe of Pilewort. It is reported, that it was fir brought out 
of Illyria into Italy, and from thence intothe Low-Countries :notwithftanding we haue it grow 
ing very common inEngland. + Butonly in gardens that I haue feene. ¢ 

6 The fixth kinde of Crow-foot, called Ranunculus bulbofus, or Onion rooted Crow-foot, and. 
round rooted Crow-foot, hath around knobby or onion-fafhioned root, likevnto a finall Turnep, 
and of the bigneffe ofa great Oliue : from the which rifes vp many leaues fpred vpon the ground, 
like thofe of the field Crow-foot, but fmaller,and of an ouerworne greene colour :among{t which 
rife vp flender ftalkes of the height ofa foot :whereupon do grow floures ofa feint yellow colour. 
+ This groweswildein moft places, and floures at the beginning of May. # 


q The 


e 


Lis. 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 
ieee GF The Place. 


It is alforeported tobe found not only in Illyria and Sclauoniajbut alfo in the Uland Sardinia; 
ftanding in the Midland,or Medireranian fea, 


@ The Names, 

This Illyrian Crow foot is named in Greeke oft drew, that is, Apium fi lueftre,or wilde Smallage: 
alfo Hera Sardea:it may be,faith my Author,tbat kinde of Crowfoor called Apinm rifirs, and yrwi- 
9% ;and this is thought tobe that Golotophillis,of which Pliny maketh mention in his 24. booke 
17. chap. which being drunke, faith he, with wine and myrrh, caufeth a manto fee diuers france 
fights,and not toceafe laughing till he hath drunke Pine apple kernells with Pepper in wineof the 
Date tree, (L thinke he would have faid vntill he be dead) becaufe the nature of laughing Crow- 
foot is thought to kill Jaughing, but without doubt the thing is cleane contrary ; for it caufeth 
fuch convulfions, cramps and wringings of the mouth and jawes,that it hath feeraed to (ome that 
the pattyes have dyed laughing,whereas in truth they haue died ingreat torment. 


5 Ranuncules Ilyricus. 


6 Ranunculus bulbofus. 
Crowfoot of Illyria, 


_. Roundrooted re 


C DAAA merlin AY 


SS 


Saiz 


| @ The Defiription. 
| 7_ The feuenth kinde of Crowfoot, called CAuricomus of the golden lockes wherewith the 
\Houre is thrummed, hath for his root a great buh of blackith hairy ftrings ; from which fhoote 
forth fmall jageed leaues,not much vnlike to Sanicle,but ditided onely into three parts, yet fome- 
times into fiue ; among which rife vp branched ftalkes of a foot high, whereon are placed the like 
deaues but fmaller, fetabout the top of the ftalkes, whereon do grow yellow floures, fee {mel- 
ling, of which ithath been called Ranunculus dulcis, Tragi,or Tragus his fweet Crowfoot. + It 
‘SrOwes in medowes and about the fides of woods,and flouresin Aprill. + 

t 8 Frogge Crowfoot, called of Pena, Aconitum Batrachioides : of Dodoneus, Batrachion Apulei, 
‘is that formerly defcribed in the fourth place, whereto this is much alike, but that the ftalkes and 
‘leaues. are larger, as alfo the floures,which are white: the root is tough and threddy. 

9 The ninth Crowfoote hath many graffic leaues, of adeepe greene tending to blewneffe, 
fomewhat long, narrow and {mooth, very like vato thofe of the fmall Biftort, or Snakeweed : 
Ll . ve among 


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+ 8 Ranunculus Aconiti folio. 
Frog Crow-foot. 


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among which rife vp flender ftalkes, bearing at the top {mall yellow floures like the other Crow- 
feet :the rooris fmall and threddy. + There isa variety of this hauing double floures sand J haue 
giuen you the figure thercof in fkead of the fingle that was formerly in this place. + 

10 The Autumne or Winter Crow-foot hath diners broad leaues {pred vpon the ground, fhipt 
about the edges,ofabright fhining greene colour on the vpper fide, and hoary vnderneath, full of 
ribs or finewes as are thofe of Plantaine, of an vnpleafant tafte at the firft, afterward nipping the 
tongue : among which leaues rife vp fundry tender foot-ftalkes, on thetops whereof ftand yellow 
floures confifting of fix fmall leanes apiece : after which fucceed little knaps of feed liketo adry 
or withered ftraw-berry. The root is compa¢t of a number of limber roots,tudely thruft together 
in manner of the Afphodill. i : : 

tr The Portugal! Crow-foot hath many thicke clogged roott faftned vnto one head, very like 
thofe of the yellow Afphodull : from which rife vp three leaues, feldome more, broad, thicke, and 
puffed vp in diuers places, as ifitwerea thing that were bliftered, by meanes whereof itis very vin- 
eucn. From the middle of which Jeaues rifeth vp anaked ftalke, thicke, fat, very tender, but yer 
fragile, or eafie to breake : on the end whereof ftandeth a faire fingle yellow floure, hauing in the 
middlea naked tundle ofa gold yellow tending to a Saffron colour. 


OF the Hiftory wPanes) 955 


11 Rananculus Lufitanicus Clufij. 12 Rasunculus globofus. 
Portugal! Crow-foot. Locker Gowlohs, or Globe Crow foot. 
Y 


Tf, COnns = 2 pad 


a ld e177 
EG 


12 The Globe Crowfoot hath very many leaues deepely cut and lagged, of a bright greene 
-colour like thofe of the field Crow-foot: among which rifeth vp a ftalke, diuided toward the top - 
into other branches, furnifhed with rhe like leaues of thofe next the ground, but fmaller: on the 
‘tops of which branches grow very faire yellow floures, confifting of a few leaues folded or rolled 
vp together like a round ball or globe: whereupon itwas called Ranunculss globofus, or the Globe 
‘Crow-foor, or Globe floure: which being paft, there fucceed round knaps, whereinisblackith 
deed. Theroot is fmall and threddy. 

+ 13 This hath large leaues like thofe of the laft deferibed, bur rough and hairy : the Ralkis 
‘fome foor high : the floures are pretty large, compofed of fiue white fharpith pointed leaues. It 
'floures in Iuly, and growes inthe Alps: itis the Rasunculi montani 2 . pecies altera of Clufius . 

14 This other hath leaues not vnlikethofe ofthe precedent, and fuch ftalkes alfo, but the 
'floures confift of 5 round Jeaues,purplith beneath ; the edges of the vpper fide are of a whitith pur 
ple; & the refidue wholly white,with many oe ae inthe middle; it grows in the ee ly 

, Sey eae ; 2 ura, 


hen 


Of the Hittorie of Plants. Tone: 2h 


ide T4 Ranunculus montanus hirfutus purpurens. 
Rough purple floured mountain Crowfoot, 


Wis 


Tura, againft the city of Geneua, whereas it floures in Iune, and ripens the feed in Augutt. (lufius 


had the figure and defcription hereof from D*. Penay,and he calls it Ranunculus montanus ee 


@ The Place. 

The twelfth kind of Crowfoot groweth in mot places of York-(hire and Laneathire,and other 
bordering thires of the North countrey,almoft in cuery medow,but not found wilde in thefe Sou- 
therly or Wefterly parts of England that I could cuer vnderftand of, 

q7 The Time. 

Tt floureth in May and Iune : the feed is ripe in Auguft. 

@ The Names, F 

The Globe floure is called generally Ranunculus elobofus : of fome, Flos Trollius, and Ranunculus 
Alpiaus : in Englith, Globe Crow-foot, Troll floures, and Lockron gowlons. 


Cua r. 368. Of Double xellow and white Batchelors Buttons. 
q 7 he Defcription. 


I He great double Crow-foot or Batchelors burton hath many iagged leaues of a deepe 

pe greene colour :among which rife vp ftalkes, whereon do grow faire yellow floures ex 

; ceeding double, ofa fhining yellow colour,oftentimes thrufting forth of the middeft 

ofthe faid floures one other {mallet floure : the root is round,or fathioned likea Turnep ; the form 

whereof hath caufed it tobe called of fome S. Anthonies Turnep,or Rape Crow-foot. The feed is 
wrapped ina clufter of rough knobs, as are moft of the Crow-feet. 

2 The double yellow Crow-foot hath leaues-of a bright greene colour, with many weake 
branches trailing vpon the ground ; whereon do grow very double yellow floures like vnto the pre- 
cedent,but altogether leffer, The whole plant is likewife without any manifeft difference, fauing 
that thefe floures do neuer bring forth any fmaller Houre ourof the middle of the greater, as the 
other doth, and alfo hath no Turnep or knobby root at all, wherein confifts the greateft difference. 

3 The 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


OFF 


T Ranunculus maximus Anglicus. 
Double Crow-foot, or Batchelors buttons, 


3 Réngneslus albus multiflores. 
Double white Crow-foot, 


2 Ranunculus dulcis muhripler, 
Double wilde Crow-foor. 


3 The white’ double’ Ctow-foot hath many 
great leaues deeply cut with great gafhes and thofe 
fnipt about the edges. The ftalks diuide themfelues 
into diuers brittle branches, on the tops whereof do 
grow very double floures as white as {fnow, and of 
the bigneffe of our yellow Batchelors button. The 
root is tough, limber, and difperfeth it felfe farre a- 
broad, whereby it greatly increafeth. 
@ The Place. 

The firftand third are planted in gardens for the 
beauty of the floures,and likewife the fecond,which 
hath of late beene brought out of Lancathire vnto 
our London gardens,by a curious gentleman in the 
fearching forth of Sim ples,M?. Thomas Hesketh,who 
found it growing wilde in the towne fields of a {mal 
village called Hesketh, notfatre from Latham in 
Lancafhire. 

q The Time. 

They floure from the beginning of May to the 
end of lune. 

i The Names, 

Diofcorides hath madeno mention hereof; but 4- 
puletus hath feparated the fitit of thefe from the 
others,intreating of it apart, and naming itbya pe-" 
culiar name Batrachion ; whereupon itis alfo called 
Apuleij Batrachion,or Apuleius Crow=foor, 

It is commonly called Rapum D. Anthong,or Saint 
Anthonies Rape: irmay be called in Englith, Rape 
Crow-foot: it is called Senetally about London, 
Batchelors buttons, and-doublé Crow-foot : in 
LI 3 Dutch, 


4 
q 
4 


w 


Ot the Hiltorie of Plants. a 


ee 


Q5a 


Dutch, S.Anthonpy Bapkin, + Thefe names and faculties properly, belong 
bulbofus, deferibed in the {ixt place of the lait chapter 3; and alfo tothe firit double one here deforj- 
bed ; for they vary little but in colour, and the fingleneffe and doubleneffe of theirs Houres. + 

The third is called of Lobel, Ranunculus nines f lyanthos of Tabern. Ranunculus albus 
inEnglith, Double white Crow-foot,or Patchelors buttons, 

2 The Temperature. 
Thefeplants.dobiteas the othe¥ Crow-feet do. 
) The Vertues, 
Thechiefe(evertud is in the root,which being ftamped with {alt is gvod/for thofe that hane a 
lague fore, ifirbéprefently in the beginning ticd tothe thigh, in the middle between the groin 

or fankeand rhe knee: by meanes whereof the poyfon and malignitie of the difeafe is drawn from 
the inward parts, by the emun¢torte or clenfing place of the flanke, into thofe outward parts of 
leffe aécount : for it exulcerateth and prefently raifeth ablifter, to what patt of the bodyocuer 
it is applied, A nd ifit chance that the fore hapneth vnder the arme, then it is requifite to apply it 
tothearme a little abouethe elbow. My opinion is, that any of the Ciow-fect willdo the fame; 
my reafoh is, becaufe they all and eucry of them do blifter and caufe paing, wherefoeuer they be 
applied, and paine doth draw ynto it felfe more paine ; for the nature Of paine is torefort vnto the 
weakeft place, and where it may finde paine , and likewife the poyfon and venomous qualitie of 
that difeafe is to refort vnto that painefull place. 

Apuleiws faith further, That if itbe hanged in a linnen cloath about the necke of him that is !u- 
naticke, in thé waine of the moone, when the figne fhall be in the firft degree of Laurus ot Scorpio, 
that chen he thall forthwith be cured. Moreouer, the herbe Satrachion ftamped with vineger, root 
and alls isvfed for them that haue blacke skars or fuch like marks onitheirskins, ir eats them out, 
and leaves a colour like thar of the body. 


to. the Ranynculys 


biflorus: 


+ Thefigure'that fo-mérly was inthe fitlt place of this chapter was the double onc mentioned in the fecond defcription of theforegoing chapter, where allo 
you may finds a double floureexpreft by the fide of the figure. 7 


Cuar.369. Of Turkie or eA fian Crow-feet. 


1 Ranunculus fanguineus vusltipler. + 2 Ranunculus A ifiaticus fld. pleno miniato, 
The double red Crow-foor, i The double A fian skarlet:Crojv-foot. 


cea (Of the Hiftory of Plans. = SS=C«S 


ret 3 Rumwncales Afiaticus flore pleno prolifero, 4 Ranunculus Tripolitanus, 
The double buttoned {carler Afian Crow- foot, Crow-foot of Tripolie 
polie, 


mee 
LB 


Gi 
ener ig 


Yh } 
gf Cah) JA 
eh (ii a i 


F 5 Ranunculus gramofaradice ramofus. $6 Ranunculus Afiaticus grumofa radice floalto, id 
M7 \yite > oF KC A ath | 
Branched red A fian Crow-foor, White foured Afan Crow-foot, a eas 


960 Of the Hittorie of Plants. ly yi 28 


+ 7 Ranunculus Afiaticus gramo{a radice flore flavo vario. 


Afian Crow-footwith yellow ftriped floures. | The Defcription. 


e I ie double red Crow- foot hath a few 

if Wi leaues rifing immediatly forth of the 
ee) ‘ : , 

( / yy) yy ground,cut in uhe edges with deepe gafhes, fome- 

Wa We what hollow,and ofa bright fhining green colour, 


The ftalk rifeth vp tothe height ofa foor,{moorh 
and very brittle, diniding it felfe into other bran- 
ches, fometimes two,feldome three: whereon do 
grow leaues confufedly, fet without order : the 
floures grow at the tops of the ftalks,very double, 
and of great beauty,of a perfea fearlet colour. 
tending to rednefle, The root is compaét of ma- 
ny long tough roots, like thofc of the yellow Af * 
phodill: 

¢ 2- Ofthis kinde theteisalfo afiother, or 
. Other the fame better expreft ; for Clufius the au- 
thor of thefe never fee the former, but makes it 
onely to differ,in that the floures are of a fatiguine 
colour, and thofe of this ofa kinde of fearlet, or 
ted lead colour. 

3 Thisditfers nothing fromthe former, but 
that it fends vp another floure-fomewhar leffer, 
out of themiddle of the firft floure, which hap- 
pens by the ftrength of the root,and goodneffe of 
the foile whereit is planted. ¢ 

4 TheCGrow-foot of Tripolis or the fingle red 
Ranwculus hath leaves at the firft comming vp 
like vnto thofe of Ground {well among which ri- 
feth vp a ftalke ofthe height of halfe a cubit, fom - 
what hairy,wheron grow broad Jeaues deeply cut, 
euen to the middle rib, likethofe of thecommon 
Crow-foot,but greener: the floure groweth at the 
top of the ftalke,confifting of fiue leaues,on the outfide of a darke ouetworne red co’our,on the in- 
fide of ared lead colour,bright and fhining,in fhape like the wilde corne Poppie:the kfop or ftile 
inthe middle which containeth the feede is garnifhed or bedeckt with very many {mall purple 
thrummes tending to blackneffe : the root is as it were a roundellof little bulbes or graines like 
thofe of the fmall Celandine or Pilewoort. 

£5 Therebedjuers other Afian Crow-feet which Clufiws hath fet forth, andwhich grow in 
the moft part in the gardens of our prime Florifts, and they differlittle in their roots, falkess or 
leautes, but chiefely in the floures ; wherefore I will onely briefely note their differences, not thin- 
king it pertinent to :tand vpon whole defcriptions,vnleffe they weremore neceflary :this fift differs 
from the fourth in that the ftalkes are dinided into fundry branches, which beare like, but leffe 
floures than thofewhich ftand ypon the main ftalke:the colour ofthefe differs not from that of the 
laft defcribed.. 

6  Thisis like the laft defcribed,but the floures are ofa pute white colour,and fometimes haue 
a few ftreaks ofred about their edges. 

7 This in ftalkes and manner of growing is like the precedent: the ftalke feldome parting it 
felfe into branches ; but on the top thereofir carries a faire floure confifting commonly of round 
topped lcaues ofa greenith yellow colour,with diners red veines here and there difperfed and run- 
ning along{t the leaues,with fome purple thrums,and a head ftanding yp in the middle as in the 
former, + 

@ The Place. 

The firkt groweth naturally inand about Conftantinople,and in-Afia on the fnrther fide of Bof- 
phorus,from whence there hath been brought plants at diuers times, and by diners perfons, but 
they have perifhed by reafon of their long iourney, and want of skill of thofe bringers , that haue 
fuffered them to lie ina box or fuch like fo long,that when we haue received them they have been 
as dry as ginger;notwith ftanding Clufizs faith he receiued a plant frefh and greene,the which ado- 
meftical theefe ftole forth of his garden.My Lord and Mafter the right Honorable the Lord Treg 
urer 


Lips 2 Of the Hiftorie‘of Plants. . O61 


furer had diuers plants fent him from thence which were drie before they came,as aforefaid. The 
other groweth in Aleppo and Tripolis in Syria naturally,from whence we haue receiued plants for 
our gardens,where they flourifh as in their owne countrey. . 
@ The Time. 
They bring forth their pleafant floures in May and [une,the feed is ripe in Auguh, 
Gq The Names. 

The firft is called Ranunculus Conflantinopolitanus : Of Lobel, Ranunculus fanguinens multiplex, Ra- 
nunchlus Bizantinus, five Afiaticus : in. the Turkith tongue, Torobolos, Catamer laile : in Englith,the 
double red Ranunculus,or Crow-foot. 

The fourth is called Ranunculus Tripolitanus,of the place from whence it was firft brought into 
thefe parts : of the Turks, Tarobolos Catamer, without that addition /aéle : which isa proper ward to 
all floures that are double, 

| The Temperature and Vertues, 

Their temperature and vertues are refetred tothe other Crow-feet, whereof they are thought 

tobe kindes, 


Cuar. 370. Of Speare-woort, or Bane-woort. 


@| The Defcription, 


I Peare-woort hath an hollow ftalke full ofknees or ioynts,whereon do grow long leaues, 

a litcle hairy,not vnlike thofe of the willow,of a fhining green colour : the floures are ye- 

ry large,and grow at the tops of the ftalks ,confifting of fiue leaues ofa faire yellow co- 

Jour,verie like tothe field gold'cup, or wilde Crow-foot: after which come round knops or feed 

veffels,whercin is the feed : the root is contract of diuers bulbes or long clogs, mixed with an infi- 
nite number of hairy threds. 


x Ranunculys flammeus maior. 2 Ranunculus flammeus minor, 
Great Speare-woort. ; The lefler Speare-waort, 
LOA AY { NI aun orn Ki g Oo ON) Pe 


Acta 


A 

is We 

i 

i me i j 
ts, dae | 
ve Alay 
i i 

Phe } 
71 a | 
te ; 


eee 
at 

t ; 

\ 


: 962 - OF the Hiftory of Plants, f Lis. 2. 


2 The common Speatewoort being that which we haue called the leffer,hath leaues, floures> 
and ftalks like the precedént,but altogether leffer : the roote confifteth of an infinite number of 
threddic ftrings. 


3 Ranuncules flammeus ferratus. 
lagged Spegeroott, : aspen 


4 Rasuncalus paluftris rotundifolins. 
Marifh Crow-foot,or Speare-worts, 


blernepowen have a CcePeros 


Gh rAnretArricd 


i 


3. lagged Speare-woort hatha thicke fat hollow ftalke,diniding it felfe into diners branches, 
whereon are fet fomrimesby couples two long leaues, tharp pointed, 8ccut about the edges like the 
teeth of a faw. The floures grow at the top of the branches,of a yellow colour, in form like thofe of 
the field Crowfoot : the root confifteth of a number ofhairy firings. : 

4 Marfh Crow-foot,or Speare-woort (whereof it is akinde,taken of the bef approued authors 
tobe the true Apinm rifis, though diuers thinke that Pulfarilla is the fame: of fome itis called Apiums 
hamorrhvidarum) xifeth forth of the mud or waterith mire from athreddie root,to the height of a 
cubit,fometimes higher, The italke diuideth it felfe into diuers branches ; whereupon doe grow 
leaues deeply cut round about like thofe of Doues-foot, and notvnliketo the cut Mallow, bur 
fomewhat greater,and ofa moft bright fhining green colour : the floures grow at the top of the 
branches, ofa yellow colour, like vnto the other water Crow-fect. 

@ The Place. 

They grow in moift and dankith places, in brinkes or water courfes,and {uch like places almoft 

cuery where, SOs 


= 


@ The Time, 
They floure in May when other Crow-feet do. 
G The Names. 
Speare-woort is called of the later Herbarifts Flammula,and Ranuaculus Flammeus 30f Cordus,Ra. 
nuncwlus marten. orbroad leaued Crow-foot :of others, Ranunculus longifolins or long leafed Crow 
foot : in, Low Dutch, Ggeleoolen ¢ in Englith,Speare- Crowfoot, peare-woort,and Banewoort,be- 
caufe it is dangerous and deadly for fheep and that if they feed of the fame it inflameth their li- 
uers,fretteth and bliftereth their guts and intrails. 
q The Temperature of all the Crowfeet. ; 
Speare-woort is like to the other Crow-feet in facultie,it is hot in the mouth or biting, itexul- 
‘ cerateth 


Mrenctlae i 


~ Lise. Of the Hiftory of Plants: | 963 


cerateth and raifeth blifters, and being taken inwardly it killeth remedilefte. Generally all the 
Crow-feer, as Galen faith, are of avery tharpe or biting qualitie, infomuch as they raite blifters 
with paine : and they are hor and drie in the fourth degree. 

qp The Vertues of all the Crowfeet. 

The leaues or roots of Crowfeer ftamped and applied vnto any part of the body , caufeth the A 
skin to {welland blifterjand raifeth vp wheales,bladders,caufeth fears,crufts,and ouglie vicerssit is 
laid vpon cragged warts corrupt nailes,and firch like excrefcences, to caufe them to fall away. 

The leaues ftamped and applied vnto any peftilentrall or plague fore,or carbuncle, ftaieth the B 
fpreading nature of the fame,and caufeth the venomous or peftilentiall matter tobreath forth, by 
opening the parts and paflages in the skin. 

Ir preuaileth much to drawa plague fore from thc inward parts, being of danger, vnto other re- C 
mote places further from the heart,and other of the fpiritual! parts, as hath beene deelared in the 
defeription. 

Many dovie totica littleofthe herbe ttamped with fait vnto any of the fingers,againft the pain pH 
ofthe teeth;which medicine teldome faileth, for it canfeth greater paine in the finger than was in 
the tooth, by the meanes whereof, the greater paine taketh away the leffer. 

Cunning beggers dove to fampe the leaues,and Jay itvnto their lees and arms,which caufeth E 
fuch filthy vicers as we daily fee(among fuch wicked vagabonds) to moue the people the more to 
pittic. ‘ 

Thekinde of Crowfoot of Illyria,being taken tobe Apiuz rifas of fome, yet others thinke Aco- B 
nitum Batrachioides to be it. This plant fpoileth the fences and vnder{tanding,and draweth together 
the finewes and muafcles of the face in fuch ftrange manner, that thofe who beholding fuch as died 
by the taking hercof,haue fuppofed that they died laughing, fo forceably hath it drawne and con- 
traéted the nerues and finewes,that their faces hauc been drawne awry , as.though they laughed, 
whereas contrawiwife they hauedied-with great torment. f 


es ; 
* Cuar, 371. Of diners other (rowfeet. 
$ 1 Ranuncalus Gretices larifolins. £2 Ranunc: 
Broad leaued Candy Crowfoot. 


lus folio Plantaginis. 
Plantaine leaned Crowfoot; 


064. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.2. 


q The Defcription, 
~ Heroots of this are fomwhat like thofe of the Afian Ramuncules : the leaues are verie large 

& roundifh,ofa light green colour,cut about the edges, 8 here and thete deeply diuided: 
the ftalke is thicke, round and ftiffe,diuided into two or three btanches ; at the fetting on of which 
grow longith leaués.a little nicktabout the end: the floures are of an indifferent bigneffe,andicon- 
fift of five longith round pointed !caues, ftanding a little each from‘other,fo that the green points 
of the cups thew themfelues between them: there are yellow threds inthe middle of thefe floures, 
which commonly fhew themfelues in Februarie,;or March. It is found only in fome gardens 5 and 
Clufins onely hath fer it forth by the namewe here giue you. 

2 Thisalfo that came fromthe Pyrenzan hills is made a Denizen in our gardens: it hatha 
ftalke fome foot high, fet with netuous leauesslike thofe of Plantaine, bucthinner, and of the co- 
lour of Woad,and they are fomething broad at their fetting on,and end ina fharpe point : at the 
top of the ftalke grow the floures;each confifting of fiue round flender pure white leaues, ofareas 
fonable bignefle, with yellowith threds anda Jittle head in the middle ; the root is white and fi- 
brous, It Houres aboutthe beginning of May. Clufius alfo fet forth this by the title of Ranunculys 
Pyrenaus a ‘bo flore 

3. -Thefame Author hathalfo given vs the knowledge of diuers other plants of this kinde,and 
this hee calls Rapincuéus montanus x. It hath many round leaues, here and there deeply cut in,and 
{nipt about the edges,ofa darke greene colour,and fhining , pretty thicke,and of avery hor rafte : 
among ftwhich rifes vp a flender, fingle,and fhort ftalke, bearing awhite floure made of fiue little 
leaues with a yellowith thrum in the middle:which falling,the feeds grow cluftering togerheras in 
other plants of this kinde: the root is whice and fibrous 


+ 3 Ranunculus montanus flo.minore. £14 Ranunculus montanus flore maiore. 
- ~ ~ 7 t ie: te ‘ “ “a 
Mountain Crowfoot with the lefler floure. Mountain Crow foot with the bigger floure, 


4 ‘This alfo isnothing elfe but a varietie of the laft defcribed, and differs from it in chat the 
floures are larger,and it is fometimes found with them double. Both thefe grow on'the tops of the 
Alpes, and there they floure as fooneas the {now is melted away, which is vfually in Tune: but 
brought into gardens they floure very early, towit,in Aprill. 

5 The leaues ofthis are cut or diuided into many parts, like thofe of Rue, but fofter,& greener 
(whence Clufivs names it Ranunculus Rute folio) or not much ynlike thofe of Coriander (whereupon 
Pond 


Lineal. - OftheEiGesauh Pane 


£ 5 Ranunculus precox rutaceo folio. ; $2°6 ‘Ranunculus Precox Thaligr: folie: 
Rue leaued Crowfoot. Columbine:C row foot: 


Sepa entices vata |e Wns Agee) O i ov AL3 


G 


PN VTC HCE AN 


£7 Ranunculus parvus echinatns. Powa calls it Ranunculus Coriandri folio; ) among tt a ae 
Smallrough headed Crowfoor, or ratherbeforethefe comes vp a ftalk fomé hand i 
full high,bearing at the top thereaf one Houre of i! 
a reafonable bigneffe: on the outfide before it be AT 
throughly openofa pleafing red colar, but white i) 
within,compofed of tweluc or more leanes, Re 
6 Thishatha ftalke fome foor high,fmall and TE | : 
reddifh,whereon grow fundry leaues like thofe of pay 
the greater Thalicirum, or thofe of Columbines, Mes ah 
but much leffé,and of a bitter tafte: out of the bo. tae | 
fomes of thefe leaues come the floures at each Ha Le) ee) 
{pace one,white,and confifting of fiue leanes a- ie 
piece: which falling, there fuceeed two or three Wi 
little hornes containing around reddith feed: the 
root ts fibrous,white,very bitter, and creepes here | 
and there,putting vp new fhoots. It growes in di- 
uers woods of Auftria, and flc Aprill, and 
the feed is ripe in May, or Iune. Clufivs calls it Ra- 
nunoulus pracox 2.T halietri folio. \tis the Aguile- ey A 
Giaminor Dalefchampy inthe Hift Led, Hs 
+. This which (as €/ufius {aith) fomécall the Apa Dene 
Ravunculus of Apuleius, hath alfoa fibtons root, Here | 
with {mall leaues diuided into thtee pats; @ cut i 
about the edges, and they grow vpon {hort foor- i 
flalkes , the ftalkes are fome two handful!s high, ti 
commonly leaning on the ground, and on them Keg i 
ws by grow fuch leauesas the former: and out of their ay 
- nm j bofomes come little foot-ftalks carrying floutes 
ofa pale yellow color,made of fine leauies ‘apiece, 
Mmmm whiek 


—— 


/ 
iH 
iI 


Se ee ee 


966 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ae sb 


“which follow there fucced fiue or x fharpe pointed rough cods, conteining feed almoft like 
that ofthe former. + 


Cuar. 372. Of Woolfes-bane. 


gq The kindes. 


Te be diuers forts of Wolfes-bane: ‘whereof fome bring forth flowers ofa yellow colour; 
others of ablew, or tending to purple: among the yellow ones there are fome greater, others 
leffer , (ome with broader leaues, and others with narrower. 


1 Thora Valdenfis. 2 Thora montis Baldi, hue Sabaudica. 
_, Broad leafed V Volfes-bane. Mountaine VVolfes-bane. 
( \ Wyn aboucs - Wor > YW. Be eae mie A Non -| 


The Defcription . 


I “He firftkinde of Aconite,of fome called Thora,others adde therto the place where it groweth 
in great abundance, which is the Alps, and call it Thora Valdenfium. This plant tooke his 
name of the Greck word «ss, fignifying corruption, poifon,or death,which are the certaine 

effects of this pernicious plant: for this they vfe very much in poifons, and when they meane to 

infeét their arrow heads, the more fpeedily and deadly to difpatch the wilde beafts, which greatly : 
annoy thofe mountaines of the Alpes : to which purpofe alfo ic is brought into the Mart-townes 
neere vnto thole places tobe fold vntothe hunters, the iuice thereof beeing prepared by preffing 

forth, and fo kept in hornes and hoofes of beatts, for the moft {peedie poifon of all the Acomtes 5 

for anatrow touched therewith, leaueth the wound vncureable(if it but onely fetch bloud where it 


entereth in) except that round about the wound the fleth bee fpeedily cut away in great 
quan- 


Lal Of the Hiftory of Plants. 7 


| argueth alfo that Matt hiolus hath vnproperly called it Pfeudoaconitum,cthat is,falfe or baftard Aco- 
| nite , forwithour queftion there is no worfe or more {peedic venome in the world, nor hd Aconite 
ortoxicall plant compa able hereunto. And yet let vs confider the fatherly care and prouidénce 
of God,who hath prouided a conquerour and triumpher ouer this plant'fo venomous, namely his 
| Antigoni ft, dntitboraor to {peake in (horter and fewer fyllables, Anthora, which is the very antidote 
| or remedie againtt this kinde of Aconite. The ftalke of this plant is fmall and ruthie,very ficorh, 
two or three hand fulls high : whereupon do grow two,thrée,or foure leaues,feldome more, which 
be fomething hard round,{moorh,ofa light greene colour tending to blewneffe, like the colourof 
the leaues of Woad nicked in theedges. The floures grow at the top of the ftalkes, of a yellow 
, coloyr,lefler than thofe of the field Crowfoor, otherwife alike in the place therof groweth a knop 
or round head,wherein is the feed; the root confi{teth of nine or ten (lender clogs,with fome ffnall 
fibers alfo,and they are falteued together with lictle ftrings vnto one head, like thofe of the white 
Afphodill. 

z Wolfes-bane ofthe mount Baldus hath one ftalke,{mooth and plaine,iathe middle where- 
of come forth two leaues and nomore, wherein it differeth from the other of the Valdens, haning 
likewife three or foure fharpe pointed Jeaues, narrow andfomewhat iagged at the place where the 
ftalke diuiderh it {elfe into {maller branches ; whereon do grow {mall yellow floures like the pre- 
cedent,but much leffer. 


4 - : @ The Place. 


Thefe yenomous plants doe. grow on the Alpes, and the mountaines of Sauoy and Switzer 
land : the firft grow plentifully in the countrey of the Valdens, whoinhabite part ofthofe moun’ 
Taines towards lralie. The other is found on Baldus,a mountaine of Italy. They are Krangers in 
England, 


The Time, : 
They floure in Match and Aprill,their {eed is ripe in Tune? \ 
The Names, 
This kinde of Aconite or Wolfes-bane is called 1 bora,Tasra,and Tupi, it is furnamed Valdenfis, 
that it may differ from Napellus,ot Monkes hood,which is likewife named Thora. 
Anicen maketh mention of a cettaine deadly herbe in his fourth booke,fixt Fen.called Far ius 
it is hard to affirme this fame to be Thora Vulden/is. 
+ Gefner iudges this to be the Aconitum pardalianches of Diofcorides,|and herein is followed by 
Bauhine, + 


The Temperature and Vertues. 
The force of thefe Wolfes-banes, is moft pernicious and poifonfome, and (as it is reported)" A 
exceedeth the malice of Nypellus, orany of the other Wo! fes-banes,aswe haue faid. 
They fay that itis of fuch force, that ifaman efpecially,and then next any foure footed beaft BR 
be wounded with an arrow or other inftruament dipped in the iwice hereof, they die within halfe an 
houre after remedileffe. 


+ There were formerly fonre figures in this chapter, with as many defer ions,thoush the plants figured and deferibed were buc two, to which number 
they arenow reduced. The wwo former, which were by thenames of Pthora Valdenfiy mas and famina, thus diffcred,the male had only ewo large round Igaues,and the 
| femalefourg. The other two being alfo ofone plant are more deeply cat in vpun the top ofthe leases, which dre fewer and lefferthan thofe ofthe former, 


Cuar.373. Of Winter Wolfes-bane. 


G The Defiriptions 


igs kinde of Aconite is calltd Aconitum hyemale Eelgarum.of Dodoneus, Aconitum luteum minds: 
in Englith, V Volfes-bane,or fmal yellow wolfes-bane whofe leaucs come forth of the eround 
in the dead time of winter,many times bearing the {now vpon their heads of his leaues and floures; 
1 yea the colder the weather is,and the deeperthat the fnow is,the fairer and larger is the floure.and 
' the warmer that the weather is,the leffer is the floure,and worfe coloured: thefe leaues I fay'come 
' forth of the ground immediarly from the root,withanaked,foft,and flender ftem,deeply cut or iag 
: ged on the Icaues,of an exceeding faire greene colour, inthe midf of which commeth forth a yel- 
' low floare, in thew or fafhion like vnto the co union field Crow-foot:after which follow fundry 
- cods fullof browne feeds like the other kindes of Aconites : the.root is thicke, tuberous, and 
‘ knottic, like tothe kindes of Anemone, F 
Mmm ny 2 q The 


ff hel ours hey gn AS d 


968 OF the Hiftorie of Plants. we SS 


Aconitum hyemale, 
Winter Woolfes-bane, . q The Place. 


It groweth vpon the mountaines of Germa~ 
ny:we haue great quantitie of it in our Lon- 
don gardens, 
q The Time. 

It floureth in Ianuarie,the feed is tipe in 

the end of March. 
q The Names, . 

Itiscalled CAconituen hyemale, or Hiber- 
#um,ox winter Aconite: thatitisa kinde of 
Aconite or Woolfs-bane, both the form of 
the leaues and cods, and alfo the dangerous 
faculties of the herbe it felfe do declare. 

Itis much liketo Aconitum Theophrafti: 
which he deferibeth in his ninth booke,fay- 
ing, it isa fhort herbe hauing no eedi,or fu- 
perfluous thing growing onit, and is with- 
out branches as this plant is: reroot,faith 
he, is liketo wpZortoa nut, orels toxmerr,a 
dry fig, onely the leafe feemeth tomakea- 
gainft itwhich is nothing at all liketo that 
of Succorie, which he compareth it vnto. 


@| The Temperature andV ertues. 


Thisherbe is counted tobe very dange- 
rous and deadly, hotand driein the fourth 
degree,as Theoph. in plaine words doth tefti- 
fie concerning his owne Aconite; for which 
he faith that there was neuer found bis An- 

tidote orremedie : whereof Udthenans and 
Theopompus write,that this plant is the moft poifonous herb of all others,which moued Oxid to fay 
Qua quianafiuntur dura vivacia caute: notwith{tanding itis not without his peculiar vertues, Zed- 
chineus Camerarius now liuing in Noremberg faith,the water dropped into the cies ceafeth the pain * 
and burning: it is reported.to preuaile mightily againft the bitings of {corpions , and is of fuch 
force,that if the fcorpion paffe by where it groweth and touch the fame, prefently he becommeth 
dull, heauy,and fenceleffe,and if the fame f{corpion by chance touch the white Hellebor, he is pre- 
fently deliuered from his drowfinefle, 


Cuar.374. Of Mithridate Woolfes-bane. 


q The Defcription, 


This plant called _4athora, being the antidote againft the poifon of Thera, Aconite or walfes 

bane, hath flender hollow ftalkes, very brittle, a cubithigh, garnifhed with fine cut oriagged 
Jeaues, very like to Nigella Romana,orthe common Larkes fpurre, called Confolida Regalis: at the 
top of the ftalkes doe grow faire flowers, fathioned like alittle helmet , ofan oucrworre yellow 
colour ; after which come fmall blackifh cods , wherein is conteined blacke fhining feed like 
thofe of Onions: the root confifteth of diners knobs or tuberous lumpes, of the bigneffe of a 
mans thumbe . 

q The Place, 

This plant whichin Greekewe may terme Ar%2: groweth abundantly in the Alps,called he, 
tici,in Sauoy,and in Liguria. The Ligurians of Turin, and thofe that dwell neere the lake Lemane, 
haue found this herbe to be a’prefent remedy againft the deadly poifon of the herb Thora and the 
reft of the Aconites,prouided that when it is brought into the gardenthere to be kept for Phyf cks 
vic,it muft-not be planted neere ro any of the Aconites:for through his attraGiue qualitie, itwill 

draw 


Lis Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


draw voto it felfthe maligne and venomeus 

Anthorafive Aconitum falutiferum. poifon of the Aconite, whereby it will be- 

Wholfome Wolfes. bane. come of the like qualitie, that is, to become 

poifonons likewife : but being kept far off,it 

retaineth his owne natural qualitie fill 
q The Time, 

It flourethin Auguft, the {ced is ripe in, 
the end of September. 

The Names. 

The inhabitants of the lake of Geneua,& 
the Piemontoifedocall it Avthora, andthe 
common people Anthore. Auicen calleth a 
certaine herbe which is like to Monks hood, 
asaremedy againft the poifon thereof, by 1h Phi 
the name of Napellys Moyfis,in the 500 chap. 4 
of his fecond booke,and in the 74.5 .chap.he i | 
faith, that Zedoaria doth grow with Napellus jhaie 
or Monkes hood, and that by reafon of the f 
neereneffe of the fame, the force and ftrength 
thereof is dulled and made weaker, and that . 
itis atreacle,that is, acounterpoifon againtt SPATE i 
the Viper,Monks hood,& all other poifons: 
and hereupon it followeth, that it isnot on- 
ly Napellus Moyfis, but allfoZedoaria Auicen. 
ne : notwithftanding the Apothecaries do q 
fell another Zedoaria differing from duzthora, \ 
which is aroor ofa longer forme,which nor 
without caufe is thought tobe 4uécens and 
Serapio’s Zerumbeth, or Zurumbeth, ‘ i} 

Iis called Amhora,as though they thould 

fay Antithora,becaufe it isan enemie to Tho- 

.va, and acounterpoifon tothe fame. Thora 
and Anthoraor Turaand Amura,feeme to be new words,but yet they are vied in Marcellu’s Empericus, 

an old writer, whoteacheth.a medicine tobe made of Turaand Aatura.againft the pin and web in 

theeies: in Englith, yellow Monks-hood, yellow Helmet floure, and Aconites Mithridate, Ba)! ie 
i g Thev crtues.. + ; 

The root of Asthora iswonderfull bitter, it is an enemié toall poifons : itis good for purgati- A idee 
ons ; for it voideth by the ftoole both waterie and flimie humours, killeth and driueth forth all Avo? Tb ieee 
manner of wormes of thebelly: WAM ake . y 

Hugo Solerins {aith,that theroots of Anthora do largely purge, not onely by the ftoale, but alfo B Pa e eah va i 
by vomite : andthat the meafure thereof is taken to the quantitie of Faftlis (which is commonly ae 

called a beane)in broth or wine,and is’giuen to ftrong bodies. Yan 

Antonius Guanerius doth fhew in his treatic of the plague , the fecond difference,the third chap: ¢ A (ae See 

ter, that Anthora is of great force,yeaand that againft the plague: and the root is of like vertues, ; 
-giuenwith Dittanie,which I haue feene,faith he, by experience: and he further faith, it is an herbe rae 
that groweth hard by that herbe Tora, of which there is made a poifon,wherewith they of Sauoy th Be id 
and thofe parts adiacent de enuenome their arrowes,the more fpeedily to kill the wilde Goats,and |! 1 ik 
other wildebeafts ofthe Alpifh mountaines. And this root Asthora is the BeXoar ot counterpoi- pia hel 
(fon to that THorawhich ts of fo great a venome,as that it killeth all lining creatures with his poi- SEE | | 
fonfome qualitie:and thus miuch Gwanerius. i Dene ae | 

Simon Tanuenfis hath alfo made mentionof Axthora, and Arnoldus V illanovanas inhis treatieof D | it ; 

poifons : but their writings do declare that they didnot well know Azthora. 


Cuar.-375. Of yellow Wolfes-bane. 


@ The Defcription. Me 

He yellow kindeof Wolfes-bane called Aconitum iutenm Ponticum, or accarding to Dodonans 
Aconitum Lycottonon lutewm mains : in Englith,yellow Wolfes-banewhereof this our age hath 
found out fundry forts not knowne to Dio/corides,although fome of the forts feeme to ftand if 

“a wT oe SMerN Gm nd oy 37 = ear indifferent i 


a 


’ 
th iis 
1 

fi 

; ps 
i jie 
i, i 
oy 
Pah: 
‘ ts 
andl 
Wee ES | 


“979 


____ Ofehe Hiftorie of Planes Lisa 


indifferent betweene the kindes of Ra legs, 
Helleborus, and, Napellus:).this yellow kinde I 
fay hath large thining greenieleanes fathioned 
like avine, and of, the fame: bignefle, deepely 
indented or cut, nor much vnlike the leaues 
of Geranium Fufcum, or blacke Cranes-bill: 
the ftalkes are bare or naked, not bear J 
leaues vpon the fame. ftalkes, one oppofite as 
gain{t another,as in the other of his kinde: 
his ftalkes grow vp to the héight of three cu- 
bits, bearing very fine yellow floures, fantafti- 
cally fafhioned,and in fuch manner thaped, 
that I can vety hardly defcribe them vnto 
you. They are fomewhat like vnto the hel- 
met Monkes hood, open and hollow at one 
end, firme and fhut vp at the other : his roots 
are many,compact ofanumber of threddy or 
blacke ftrings,ofan ouerw orne yellow colour, - 
{pread ing far abroad cuery way, folding them- 
felues one within another very contuledly. 
This plant groweth naturally inthe darke hil- 
lie forrefts,and fhadowie woods, which are 
not trauclled nor haunted, but by wilde and 
fauage beafts, and is thoughrrobe the ftron- 
geft and next vnto Thorein bis poifoning 
qualitie, of all the reft of the Aconites, or 
Woolfes banes,infomuch that if a few ofthe 
floures be chewed in the mouth,and {pit forth 
againe prefencly,yet forthwith it burneth the 
jawes and tongue, caufing them to fwell, and 
making a certaine fwimming or giddine fle in 
thehead, This calleth tomy remembrance an hiftory of acertaine Gentleman dwelling in Lin- 


~ Aconitum lutenm Ponticum, 
Yellow Woolfesbane. 


- colnefhire, talled Mahewe, the true report whereof my very good friend M'. Nicholas Bel/on, fome- 


> 


times fellow of Kings Colledge in Cambridge, hath deliuered vnto me yM". Mahewe dwelling in 
Bofton,a ftudent in Phyficke,hauing occafion to ride through the Pennes of Lincolnethire, found 
aroot that the hogs had turned vp, which feemed vnto him very ftrange and vnknowne, for that it 
was in the {pring before the leaues were our, : this he tafted, and it fo inflamed his mouth,tongue, 
and lips, that it caufed them to {well very extreamely, fothat before he could get to the towneok 
Bofton he could not {peake, and no doubt had loft his life if that the Lord God had not bleffed 
thofe good remedies which prefently he procured and vfed. I hauc here thought good to expreffe 
this hiftory, for two efpeciall caufes ; the firft is, that fome induftrious and diligent obferuer of 
nature may be prouoked to feeke foxth that venemous plant, or fome of his kindes : for l am cer- 
tainely perfuiaded that it is either the Thora Valdenfium, or Aconitum /uteum, whereof this gentle- 
man tafted,which two plants haue not atany time been thought to grow naturally in England :the 
other caufe is,for that I would warne others to beware by that gentlemans harme. + I amof opi- 
nionthat this root which M'. Mahewe tafted was of the Ranunculus flammeus maior, de{cribed in the 
firft place of the 370. chapter aforegoing ; for that growes plentifully, in fuch places, and.isof a 
very hot tafteand hurtfull qualitic, + ° 

@ The Place. : 

The yellow Woolfes bape eroweth in my garden, but not wilde in England, or in any other of 

thefe Northerlyregions. ~ 
q The Time. 
It floureth in the end of Lune, fomewhat after the other Aconites, 
q The Names, 

This yellow Woolfes-bane is called of Lobel, Aconitum luteum Ponticum,or Ponticke Woolfes- 
bane. There is mention made in Diofcorides his copies of three Woolfes-banés,of which the hun- 
ters vfe one, and Phyfitions the other two. Marcellus Virgtlins holdeth opinion that the vie of this 
plant is vtterly to be refufed in medicine. 

i The Temperature and V-crtues, 

The facultic ofthis A conite,as alfo of the other Woolfes-banes,is deadly to man,and likewife 

toall other lining creatures. ‘ 


It 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. ae 


It is vfed among the hunters which feék after wolues,the iuyce whereof the y putinto raw 
which the wolues de uoure, and are killed. 


Cuap. 376. 
Of other Wolfes-banes and «Monkes-hoods. 
| The Defcription, 
I T His kinde of Wolfes-bane (called Aconitum Lycoctonum : and of Dodo; 


Delphinium, or Larkes-fpur: and in Englith itis called bl 
many large Icaues ofa very deepe gieene or ouerworne colour, very d 
which rifeth vp a ftalke two cubits high ; whereupon do grow floure 
very ill fauoured blewith colour,and the thrums or threds within the hood are blacke : the feed is 
alfo blacke and three cornered, growing in finall husks : the root is thicke and knobby. 


T 1 Aconitum lycoétonon flore Delp hing, 
Larks-heele WWolfes-bane. 
6h co bigs wal MA el ahen WA 


Tt 2 Aconitum lycoctonon ceruleum parvuns 


Small blew Wolfes-bane, 


2 Thiskinde of Wolfes-bane, called Lycocfonon cerrwleume parvumsfacie Napelli : in Englithfmall 
| Wolfes-bane, or round Wolfes-bane,hath many flénder brittle ftalkes two cubits high,befet wich 
Teaues very much iagged, and likevnto Napellas, called in Englith, Helmct-floure., The floures do 
grow arthe top of the ftalkes, of a blewith colour, fathioned alfo like a: hood, but wider open than 
any of the reft : the cods and feed are like vntothe other: the roor is round and fall, fafhioned 

like a Peare or fnallRape or Turnep: which moned the Germanes to call the fame #Rapet-blor= 
litters, which is in Latine, Flos rapacews - in Englith, Rape-floure, ; d 
3. This kinde of Wolfes-bane, called Nupellus verus, in Englith, Helmet-floutre, or the gieat 

| Monkes-hood, beareth very faire and goodly blew floures in fhape like an helmet’; which are fo 
beautifull, that aman would thinke they were of (ome excellent vertue, burnone/t femper Side He: 
\bendafronti, This plant is ynitierfally knowne in our London gardens and elfewhere ; but natutal A 


vy E 
fieth, 


ee 


Reus Al conitnne 
Lycobtonon flore Delphiny, byreafon of the thape and likenes thatthe floure hath with 
acke Wolfes-bane ), hath 
cepely cut or iagged :among 
s fathioned like ahood, of a 


(CL Lorn SA RPO oA = 
off Te 


eae 


i 
7 
| 
i) 


“Of the Hiftorie of Plants. casa 


it groweth in the mountaines of Rhetia, and in fundry places of the Alps,where you hall find the 
graffe that groweth round it eaten vp with cattcll, but no part of the herbe it felfe touched, except 
by certain flies, who in firch aboundant meafure {warme about the fame that they couer the whole 
plant :and (which is very ftrange) although thefe flies do with great delight feed hereupun,yetof 
them there is confeéted an Antidote or moft auailable medicine againft the deadly bite of the fpi- 
der called Tarantala, or any other venomous beaft whatfoeuer, yea, an excellent remedie not onely 
againft the Aconites, but all other poyfons whatfocuer. The medicine of the forefaid flies 
is thus made: Take of the flies which haue fed themfelues as is aboue mentioned, in number twen- 
tie, of Ariftolochia rotunda, and bole Armoniack, of each a dram, ; 

4 There isakinde of Wolfes-bane which Dedomeus reports he found in an old written Greeke 
booke in the Emperors Librarie at Vienna,vnder the the title of Aconitum lycoctonum, that anfwe- 
seth in all points vato Déofcorides his defcription, except in the leaues. It hath leaues (faith hee) 
like vnto the Plane tree, but leffer, and more full ofiags or diuifions ; a {lender ftalkeas Ferne, of 
a cubit high, bearing his feed in long cods : ithath blacke roots in fhape like Creauifes. Hereunto 
agreeth the Emperors picture in all things fauing in the Leaues,which are not fo large,nor fo much 
diuided; but notched or toothed like the teeth ofa faw. 


£ 4 Aconitum lycoctouum ex Cod.Cefareo, 


~ 5 Befides thefe mentioned by our Author there are fundry other plants belonging to this 
pernitious Tribe; whofe hiftorie I willbriefely runne ouer: The firftof thefe is that which Clufias 
hath fet forth by thename of Aconitunlycoctonum flo. Delphini Silefiacum : it hath {talks fome two 
or three cubits high, fmooth and hollow, ofa greenith purple colour, and couered with a certaine 
mealineffe :theleaues grow vpon long ftalks, being rough, and fafhioned like thofe of the yellow 
Wolfes bane, but ofa blacker colour: the top of the ftalke ends ina long fpike of {purre-floures, 
which before they be open refemble locufts or little Lyzards,with their long and crooking tailes ; 
but opening they thew fiue leaues, two ‘on the fides, two below, and one aboue, which ends in a 
crooked taiic or horne: all thefe leauesarewrinckled,and purple on their outfides,but fmooth,and 
ofan elegant blew within. After the floures are paft fucceed three {quate cods , as in other Aco- 
nites, wherein is contained an vnequall brownith wrinckled feed: the root is thicke,black,and tu- 
berous. This growes naturally in fome mountaines of Silefia,and floures in Luly and Auguft. (-~ 
6 The 


Yb ter Of the Hiflorieot Plahts. si 


+ § Aconitum lycoct. hirfatum flo. Delphiny . £6 Westin wi) 


} aceum, 
Spee gaara Wore pane. “ie j Violet ee Monks hood. 


UAAWE "A 


AM Th Ko AAD PYA 
© nd 


YAPAMLOMN 


AUB 


$7 Aconitum purpureum Néenbergenfe. + 8 Aconitum maximum Iudenbergenfe. i il 
Purple Monks-hood of Newburg. Large floured Monks-hood. i | 
OK OMUL VA Mtow ota» CE an ae wn Can OLN | ‘ 


Mths 


a j 
k 
' 
’ 
j 
wy 
i 
oA 
+ 
"I 
t ig! 
' RF 


974 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. deviant Ot 


6 The leaues of this are fomwhat like,yer lefle than thofe ef one common Moaks:hood,bjag- 
We: : er fide and fhining: The ftalke is {ome cubirand halfe high , firme ¥ full of pith, 
kith on theypper. diuided towards the top into fome branches carrying few. tioures, like in 
{mooth, and cred : Beay Monks-hood,of a moft elegant and déepe violet colour: the feeds are 
forme to thofe id i Re sand thicke, and fhort,with many fibres. It growes vpon the hils nigh 
like the former, ap Abies in uly :but brought into gardens it foures fooner than the reft of this 
See +, Clufias calls this Aconztum lycoctonum 4. Tauricum, 
kinde, towit oi, 1 eit broader than thofe of our ordinarie Monks. hood,yet like them : the flalke 
‘ ive ean eat firme,and of fome three cubits height,and oft times toward the top diui- 
a round, ftraig we hes which carry their floures fpike-fafhion, ofa purple colour , abfolutely 
ded Aes: pete hal fort, but that the thrummie matter in the middeft of the Houres is of 2 
like thofe aise Ate root and teft ot the parts are like thofe of che common kindé: it erowes na- 
duskier oa Stari Alpes, whereas it floures fomewhat after the common kinde. 
turally DO ae it by the name of Aconitum lycoftonum 5. TMeubercenfe. 
Tully. Clufiws nat’ Y 8- The leaues of this arealfodiuided into 
fiue parts, and {niprabout the edges, and doe 
very much refemble thofe ofthe {mal Wolfs- 
bane defcribed inthe fecond place, but that 
the leaues of thac fhine,whenas.thefe donot: 
the ftalkeis twocubits high, ootvery thicke, 
yet firmeand ftraicht,ofa ercenith purple co- 
Jour; and at the top carries fiue or fix floures, 
the largeft ofall the Monks. hoods confifting 
of foure leanes,as in the reft of this kind with 
avery large helmet ouer them, being fome- 
times an inch long, of an elegant blewith 
purple color : the feed-veffels, feedsand roots 
are like the reftof this kinde. This growes on 
ludenberg, the higheft hill ofall Stiria , and 
floures in Auguft ; in gardens about the end 
ofluly. Clufias names it Aconitum Lyvoct. 9. 
Judenbercenfe. 
9 Thisrifesypto the height of threeeu- 
bits, witha flender,round ftalke which isdi- 
uided into fundry branches, and commonly 
hangs downe the head; whence Clufius cals it 
Acontum lycoctonum 8. coma nutante. The 
floures are like thofe of the common Monks- 
hood, but of fomewhat a lighter purple co- 
Jour. The leaues are larger and long,and much 
more cut in or diuided than any of the reft. 
The roots, feeds, and other particles are not 
vnlike thofe of the reft of this kinde. £ 

gq The Place: 

Diuers of thefe Wolfs-banes grow in fome 
gardens, except Aconitum lycocfonox, taken 
forth of the Emperors buoke. 


€,towit, in : 


ituin maximum nutante Coma. 


«| The Time, 
Thefe plants do floure from May vnto the end of Auguft. 
q The Names. 

The firft is Lycocteni fpecics, or akinde of Wolfes- bane, and is as hurtful] asany of the reft 5 and 
called of Lobel, Aconitum flore Delphiny,ox Larke-fpur Wolfes-bare. Anicen Spcaketh hereof one 
fecond booke, and afterwards inhis fourth booke, Fen. 6. the firft Treatife ; hauing his rea fons 
why and wherefore he hath feparated this from Casach adip, that is to fay, the W olfes ftrangler, or 

olfes-bane. : 
preheater and barbarous Herbarifts call the third Wolfes bane ip Latine Wapellys, a figure 
and fhape of the roots of Napus, or Nawet, or Nauew gentle :1t is likcwsfe Aconttzlyco 2 eee ¥ 
akinde of Wolfes-bane : alfo it may be called Texicum ; for Toxitum isa deadly medicine where- 
wich the Hunters poyfon their {peares, darts, and arrowes, thar bring prefent ceath :{o named oe 
arrowes which the Barbarians call Toxcom nd Texa, Diofcoridts {ctting cowne the fym promi 


Ata,a 


B * L282. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 975 
_ oraccidents caufed by Toxicum, together with the remedies, reckoneth vp almoft the velit Lame 
| that dwicen doth concerning Napellus : notwithftanding Awisen writes of Napellesand Toxivum {e- 
uerally ; but not knowing what Tovicwm isas he himfelfe confeffeth : fo that it is not tobe maruel- 
led, that hauing written of Napellus, he (hould afterward entreat againe of Toxicum. 


q The Nature andVertues, 

All thefe plants are hot and dry in the fourth degree, and of a moft venomous qualitie. 

|____The force and facultie of Wolfes-bane is deadly to man and all kindes of beafts : the famewas A 
tried of late in Antwerpe, and is as yet frefh in memorie, by an euident experiment, but moft la- 

| mentable ; for when the leaues hereof wereby certaine ignorant perfons ferued vp in fallads, all 

| that did cate thereof were prefently taken with meft cruell fymptomes, and fo died. 

The fymptomes that follow thofe that do eate of thefe deadly herbes are thefe ;their lips and B 

| tongues fivell forthwith, their eyes hang out, their thighes are ftiffe, and their wits are taken from: Wh 

them, as Auicen writeth in his fourth booke. The force of this poyfon is fuch, that ifthe points of Mts 

| darts or arrowes be touched with the fame, it bringeth deadly hurt to thofé that are wounded 

therewith. 

Againit fodeadlya poyfon Avicen reckoneth vp certaine remedies, which helpe after the poy- C 
fon is vomited vp ; and among thefe he maketh mention of the Moute (as the copies euery where 
haue it) nourifhed and fed vp with Napellvs, which is alrogether an enemie to the poyfonfome na- 
ture thereof, and deliuereth him that hath taken it from all perill and danger, f Ly te 

cAmonins Guaverius of Pauia,a famous phy {ition in his age, in his treaty of poyfons is ofopini- 5 CR 
_ on, that it is nora moufe that Awicen {peakes of, bura fly : for he tefleth ofa certaine Philofopher TMU a (oh 
that did very carefully and diligently make fearch after this Moufe, and neither could find at any Ni aga? 

_ time either Moufe, or the root of Wolfes-bane gnawne or bitten,as he had read ; but in fearching eS ane 
| he found many flies feeding on the leaues, which the fame Philofopher tooke , and made of them Hid eae @ 
an Antidote or counterpoyfon, which he found tobe good and effeGtuall againit other poyfons, TED! Ge ae ie 

| but efpecially the poyfon of Wolfes-bane. ! © 

This compofition confifteth of two ounces of Terra lemnia,as many. of the berries of the Bay £ Pica E 

| tiee, and the likeweight of Mithridate, 24 of the flies that haue taken théir tepaft vpon Wolfes- i bi ul 
bane,of honey and oyle Oliueafufficient quantitie. 14) | 
| _ The fame opinion that Guanerius is of, Petrus Pena and Matthias de Lobel doc alfo hold ; who af- B Ahad 
firme, that there was neuer fecne at any time any Moufe feeding thereon, but that there'be Flies 
which refort vnto it by fwarmes, and feed norionely vpon the floures, buton the herbealfo. TL ite Se Le a 
i @ The Danger. i ! 

There hath beene little heretofore fer downe concerning the vertues of the Aconites,but much { 
might be faid of the hurts that haue come hereby, as the wofull experience of the lamentable ex- At 
ample at Antwerpe, yet frefh in memoriec, doth declare, as we haue faid. Lee it 


aS, 


J The figare that wasin the'fitit place formeily was of che 4conitum luteum Ponticum 3 and that in the fecond place was of a Napellus. 


Cuar. 377. Of blacke Hellebore. } i I 


@| The Defcription. 


q He firfhkinde of blacke Hellebor Dodonaus fetteth forth vnder this title /eratrum ni- Bae 
| grum and it may properly becalled in Englith,blacke Hellebor,which is a name moft Pa aib atte a 
fitly agreeing vnto the true and vndoubted blacke Hellebor, for the kindes and other forts hereof ti 
/ which hereafter follow are falfe and baftard kindes thereof. This plant hath thicke and fat leaues 
ofa deepe greene colour, the vpper part whereof ts fomewhat bluntly nicked or toothed, hauing 
\fundry diuifions or cuts ; in fome leaues many, in others fewer, like vnto the female Peony, or 
 Smyrnium Creticum. Itbeareth Rofe fafhioned floures vpon flender ftems, growing immediately 
out of the ground an handfull high, fomtimes very white,and oftentimes mixed with a little thew 
_ of purple : which being vaded,there {uéceed {mall huskes full of blacke feeds : the roots are many, 
‘with long blacke ftrings comming from one head. g 

2 ‘he fecond kinde of blacke Hellebor, called of Pena, Helleboraftrum , and of Dodonaus,¥ era- 
i trum fecundum (in Englith, baftard Hellebor) hath leaues,muh like the former, but narrower and 
| blacker, each leafe being much iagged or toothed about the edges likea faw. The ftalkes grow ie 
tothe height ofa foot or more, diuiding themfélues into other branches toward the top ; whereon H 
' do grow floures not much vnlike,to the former in thew, faue that they are of agreeni{h herby co- 

lour, The roots are fall and threddy, but not fo blacke as the former,” 


3 Ths 


fa EN a 


‘ 976 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Liz.2. 


1 Helleborus niger verus. 2 Helleboraftrum, 


The trueblacke Hellebor. i to t Wilde blacke Hellebor, 


Pomas, mirwars 
bn. Vee 
\\ s/ Leg K eS 


Be 3 Helleborafter maximus. 4, Confiliga Ruchij, & Sefamoides maguuma Cord. 
aan The great Ox-heele. Setter-wort, or Beare-foot, 
: 2 Ar AAAS 
} i Med 2g L ens CS ON 


=» AO 
Wo ie Jin 


foor,that I fhall not haue caufe to {pend much time about the defeription. + Indeed is was not 
much needfull for our Author to deferibe it,for it was the laft thing he did ; forboth thefe two lait 


are of one plant, both figures and defcriptions ; the former of thefe figures expreffing irin floure, i : 

and the later in feed : bux the former of our-Author was wiph fomewhat broader leaues,and the la- i 

terwith narrower. + f ae 
q The Place. Me i 


Thefe Hellebors grow vpon rough and craggy mountains : the laft growes wilde inmany woods 
and fhadowie places in England :we haue them all in our London gardens, ; 
: : gq. The Time. ee) aa 
The firft foureth about Chriftmaffe, if the Winter be milde and warme ; the others later : Bett 
: @ The Names. a 
It is agreed among the later writers, that thefe plants are Veratrauigra : in Englith,blacke Hel- | 
lebor : in Greeke, sinéress uétes': in Italian, EWeboro nero : in Spanith,Verde cambve negro : af diuers,ae~ 
Jampodium, becaufe 1t was firft found by c%elampos,whowas firft thought topurge therewith Pre- 
tus his mad daughters,and to reftore them to health, Dzofcorides writeth,that this man was a fhep< i 
heard: others, a Sooth-fayer, In high Dutch itis called Chgiftweurts, that is, Chrifts herbe, or 
Chriftmaffe herbe : in low Dutch, Peplich Aer erupt, and chacbecaufe ie floureth about the 
birth of our Lord Iefus Chrift, 
The third kindewas called of Fuchfins, Pfendohelleborus, and Veratrum nigrum adulterinumwhich ; 
is in Englith, fale or baftard blacke Hellebor, Moft name it Céafiligo, becaude the husbandmen Teena 
ofour timedo herewith cure their cattell,no otherwife than the old Farriers or horfe-leeches were Hi, ay 


wont to do, thar is, they cuta flit or hole in the dew-lap, as they terme it (which is anemptie skin Ra a 
vader the throat of the beaft) wherein they puta piece of the root of Setterwort or Beare-foor,fuf Hi Mets 
fering it there to remaine for certaine dayes together : which manner of curing they do call Setre- i j 


ring of their cattell, and is amanner of rowelling, as the faid Horfe-leeches doe theirhorfes with 
horfe haire twifted,or fuch like, andas in Surgerfe we do vfe with filke,which in ftead of the word 
Seton,a certaine Phyfitian called it by the name Rowell ; a word very vnproperly {poken of a lear, 
ned man, becaufe there would be fome difference betwixt menand beafts. This manner of fette- 
ring of catrell helpeth the difeafe of the lungs, the cough, and wheeling. Moreouer,in the time of 
peftilence or mutraine, or any other difcafes affecting cattell, they put the roor into the place a- Tae 
forefaid, which draweth vntoit all the venomous matter,and voideth it forth at the wound. The i 
which Ad/yrius and Hierocles the Greeke Horfe-leeches haue at large fet downe. And tt is called in 
Englith, Beare-foot, Setter-wort, and Setter-grafle. foie Po 
The fecond is named inthe German tongue, Lotolstvaut, that is, Pedicularis, or Lowfie graffe: hee 
for it is thought to deftroy and kill lice,and mot onely lice but fheepe and other catrell sand may Hid 
bereckoned among the Beare-feet,as kindes thereof. fe. 


The Temperature. 

Blacke Hellebor,as Galen holdeth opinion, is hotter in tafte than the white Hellebor:in like 

manner hot and dry inthe third degree. 
@ The Vertues. : 

Black Helfebor purgéth downwards flegme,choler, and alfo melancholy efpecially, and allme- A Mii 
fancholy humots, yet not without trouble and difficultie:therfore it is not to be giuen but to robu- | 
ftious and ftrong bodies,as Mefvesteacheth. A purgation of Hellebor is good formad and furious 
men, for melancholy, dull, and heauy perfons, for thofe that are troubled with the falling ficknes,. , 
for lepers, for them that are ficke ofa quartane Ague, and briefely forall thofe that are troubled iit 
with blacke choler, and molefted with melancholy. 3 } j | 

The manner of giuing it (meaning the firtt blacke Hellebor) faith Adéwarias inhis firft booke,is B 4 
three feruples, little more or feffe. \) 

Itis giuen with wine of raifins or oxymel,but i. pleafantnes fake fome {weer and gAlpuiferous Cc fi 
Se non feeds ; 


seen 


~ 


bes 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants: Lis.2. 


a 


feeds mutt be pur vnto it :but if you would haue it ftronger, adde thereunto a grain or two of Sca- 
monie. Thus much Advarius. j ; 

The firft of thefe kindes is beft, then the fecond ; the reft are of leffe force, 

The roots take away the morphew and blacke {pots in the skin, tetters, ring-wormes, leprofies, 
and feabs. 

The root fodden in pottage with fleth, openeth the bellies of fuchas haue the dropfie. 

The root of baftard Hellebor, called among our Englifh women Beare-foot, fteeped in wine 
and drunken, loofeth the belly even as the true blacke Hellebor, and is good againf all the difea- 
fes whereunto blacke Hellebor ferneth, and killeth wormes in children, 

Ir doth his operation with more force and might, if it be made into pouder, and a dram thereof 
bereceiued inwine. 

The fame boyled in water with Rue and Agrimony,cureth the jaundice,and purgeth yellow fu- 
perfluities by fiege. fer ; 

The leanes of baftard Hellebor dried in an ouen, after the bread is drawne out, and the pouder 
thereof taken ina figge or raifin, or ftrawed vpon a piece of bread {pred with honey and eaten, kil- 
leth wormes inchildren exceedingly, 


Cua. 378. Of Diofcorides bis blacke Hellebor. 


Aftrantianigra, fine Veratrum nigrum Diofcoridis, Dod. q The Defiription, 
Blacke Mafter-worts,or Diofcorides his blacke Hellebor. 

PP His kinde of blacke Hellebor, fet forth by 
Lobel vnder the name of Affrantianigra, a- 
precth very well in fhapewiththe true 4- 

Srantia, which is called Imperatoria : neuertheles 
by theconfent of Diofcorides and other Authors, 
who haue expreffed this plant for a kinde af ve- 
ratrum nigrum, ox blacke Hellebor, it hath many 
blackith green leaues parted or cut into foure or 
fiue deepe cuts, after the maner of the vine leafe 
very like vnto thofe of Sanicle, both in greennes 
of colour, and alfo in proportion. The ftalke is 
euen,{mooth, and plain: at the top wherof grow 
floures it little tufts or vmbels, fet together 
like thofe of Scabious,ofa whitith light greene 
colour, dafhed ouer as it were with a little darke 
purple : after which come the feed like vnto Car- 
thamus ox baftard Saffron. The roots are many 
blackifh threds knit to one head or matter roor. 
The Place; 

Blacke Hellebor is found inthe mountains of 
Germany, and in other vntilled and rough pla- 
Ces: it profpereth in gardens. 

Diofcorides writeth, That blacke Hellebor 
groweth likewife inrough and dry places : and 
that is the beft which is raken from fuch like 
places ; as that (faith hee) which is brought out 
of Anticyraa city in Greece, It growethin my 
garden, 


; @ The Time, 
& This blacke Hellebor flowreth not in Winter, but inthe Sommer moneths. The hetb is green 
all the yeare thorow, 


q The Names. 

It is called of the later Herbarifts, 4/trantia nigra : of others, Saniculafemina : notwithftanding 

it differeth much from 4/trantia, an herbe which isalfo named Tmperatoria, or Mafter-wort. The 

vulgar people call it Pellitorie of Spaine, but vntruly ; it may be called blacke Mafter-wort , yet 

doubtlefle akinde of Hellebor, as the purging facultiedoth fhew : for it is certaine, that diuers 

experienced phyfitians can witneffe,that the roots hereof do purge melancholy and othex phy 
an 


P. Leese Ofthe Hiftorte of Plants. 979 
and that they themfelues haue perfeCtly cured mad melancholy people being purged herewith, 
And that ic hath a purging qualitic, Conradus Gefnerus doth likewife teftifie in a certaine Epiftle 
written to Adolphus Occo, inwhich he fheweth,that Aftrantia nigra is almott as ftrong as white Hel. 
lebor, and that he himfelfe was the firft rhat had experience of the purging facultie tl 
fiege : which things confirme that it is D/oféorides his blacke Hellebor. 

Dioftorides hath alfo attributed to this plant all thofe names that are afcribed to the other black 
Hellebors. He faith further, that the feed thereof in Anticyra is called Sefamo:des, the which is | 
vfed to purge with, if fo be that the Text be truc,and not corrupted. But it emerhnotto be alz 
together perfect ; for if Sefamoides,as Pliny {aith,and theword it felfe doth thew, hath his name of 
the likeneffe of Se/amum, the feed of this blacke Hellebor thall vnproperly be called Sefamoides ; 
being not like that of Sefamum,but of Caicus or baftard Saffron. B y thefe proofeswe may fufpea; 
that thefe words are brought into Diofcorides from fome other Author, 


nereof by 


q| The Temperature andVertues. shah 
The faculties of this plant we haue already written to be by triall found like to thofe of the A 
other blacke Hellebor: notwithftanding thofe that are defcribed in the former chapter are to be 


accounted of greater force, 
5 “ 
. fa Ne te ima 
This whole Chapter (as moft befides) was out of Dedonays, who, P empb.3. l1b.2- cap- 30. labours to proue this plant tobe the true blacke Hellebor. of Dio- ie | if 
ehize, There was allo another defeription thrutt by our Author into this chapter, being of the Perficariz filiquofa or Nol me tangere formerly defcribed inthe 1 ; i 
fourth place of the 114.Chap: pag. 4464 } 


cet, bbe soialas f | 


Cuar. 379. Of Herbe Chriftopher. 


Chriftophoriana, | The Deferiprion. eae | 
Herbe Chriftopher. wah a 
igamen’ dip vat ca , Lthough Herbe Chriftopher be none of ale 
’ the Binde-weeds, or of thofe plants that TA) 2 Ae 
haueneed of fupporting or, ynderprop- Teh ik ae 
ping,wherewith it may clime or tampe,yet be. NR Ta i 
caufe it beareth grapes, or clufters of berries, (Leahy 


it might haue been numbred among the "sumac, 

or thofe that grow like Vines. It brings forth ta ; : 

little tender ftalkesa foot long, or notmuch ANGE F \ 

longer ; whereupondo grow {undry leaues fet 

vpona tender foot-ftalke, which do make one ani 

leafe fomewhat iagged or cut about the edges, He 

ofa light greene colour: the floures grow at dea 

the top of the flalks, in fpokie tufts confifting nae aa 

of four littlé white leavies apiece : which being i 

paft, the fruit fucceeds, round, fomwhat long, 

and blacke when itis Tipe, hauing vpon one i} 

fide a ftreaked furrow or hollownefle growing bea id 

Neere together as doe the clufters of grapes. ise be i 

Theroot is thicke,blacke without,and yellow Wht Pah 

within like Box, with many trailing {trings a-" Hh a 

nexed therto, creeping far abroad in the earth, 

whereby it doth greatly increafe, and lafteth 

long. Lies 

@ The Place. 1 

Herbe Chriftopher groweth in the North 

parts of England; neere vnto the houfe of the 

right worfhipfull Sir William Bowes. Lhaue re- ‘ 

ceiued plants thereof from Robinus of Paris, for 

my garden,where they flourifh, iW 


The Time. | 
It floureth and flourifheth in May and Iune, and the fruit is ripe in the end of Sommer. 
Naan z q Th | 


ee ee a a el i 
980 Of the Hiftorie of Plants.- Lisi2. 
a The Names, 

Icis called in out age Chriftophoriana,and S. Chriftophori herba : in Englith, Herbe Chriftopher : 
fome there be that name it Co/fus niger : others had rather haue it Aconitum bacciferum ; ithathno 
likenes at all nor affinitie with Co/tws, as the fimpleft may perceiue that do know both. But doubt- 
leffe it is ofthe number of the Aconites, or Wolfs-banes, by reafon of the deadly and pernicious 
qualitie that it hath, like vnto Wolfes-bane,or Leopards-bane. 

“| The Temperature. 
The temperature of Herbe Chriftopher anfwereth thofe of the Aconites, as we haue faid. 
@ The Vertues, 

I finde little or nothing extant in the antient or later writers, of any one good propertiewhere- 
with any part of this plant is pofleffed : therefore I with thofe that loue new medicines, to take 
heed that this be none of them, becaufe it is thought to be of a venomous and deadly qualitie. 


Cuar. 380. Of Peionie. 


q The Kindes: 
‘Here be three Peionies, one male, and two females, defcribed by the Antients : the later wri- 
cers haue found out foure more ; one of the female kinde, called P eonia pumila,or dwarfe Peo- 
nie, and another called Pconia promifiua fine neutra, Baftard, Mif-begotten, or neither of beth, but 
as it were a plant participating of the male and female; one double Peionie with white floures, 
anda fourth kinde bearing fing le white floures, 


I Peoniameas. Peonia RMS Cum Cmine. 
Male Petonte. Male Peionie in feed. 
(OXoomm Wwrdltunn 


uy a pila 
set RE 
i ig 

if ve i i } 


@| The Defcription. 


| Tah . 
. 


cua 


I § bee firft kinde of Peionie(being the male, called Pzonia maé : in Englifh, Male Peiony) 
hi hath thicke red ftalkes a cubit long : the leaues be great and large,confifting of diuers 
; leaues growing or ioyned together ypon one flender ftemme or rib, not much valike the leaues ¢ 
4 ; ioe ris : the 


Lis. 2. 


2 There is another kinde of Peionie, called of Dodonaus, Paowiafaminaprior : Of Lobel, Paonia 
femina : in Englith, female Peonie, which is {owell knowne vatoall that it needeth not any. de- 
{cription, 

3. Thethird kinde of Peionie (which Pena fetteth forth vnder the name Paonia femina polyan. 
thos : Dodonaus, Paonia femina multiplex : in Englifh, Double Peionie) hath leaues, roots, and 
floures like the common female Peionie, faue that his leaues are not fo inuch iagged, and are ofa 
lighter greene colour : the roots are thicker and more tuberous, and the floures much greater, ex- 
ceeding double, ofa very deep red colour, in fafhion very like the great double rofe of Prouince 
but greater and more double, ‘ . : 


penis as AOOE 


f 

2 Paonia femina, 3 Paoniafemina multiplex. Hag 

) _ Female Peianie, wake Double red Peionie. He 
J} Qowg/ ‘ AS - a ; | 

j 


osht 
ea We 
it Dt | 
‘ i. i} 
ye Pea a, 
i; : aig 
bit ; iq 


Wig Nie Nigo2> | 
~ CO Siia | ANS i} 


VG Le WV Nea: ae htt it 


H t 
1 og ts 
ni ep |! | i 
yt a ah aie 
i f 
{ \ > Tae 
a 
hi 
! Bi 
hy ) 
M4 
yy ] 
\ at 
; a) 
4 There is found another fort of the double Peionie,not differing from the precedent in ftalks, VG ae 
4 A : ‘ 7 * ot : : g 
Jeaues, or roots ; this plant bringeth forth white floures, wherein con(ifteth the difference, Hi ae | 


5 There is another kinde of Peionie (called of Dedoneus,Pconta faminaaliera : but of Peva, P.e- ‘ 
oniapromi(cua,fiue nentra: inEnglifh, Maiden or Virgin Peiony) that is like to the common Peiony, at 
fauing that his leaues and floures are much leffe, and the ftalks fhorter : it beareth red floures and mh} 
feed alfo like the former. Witte Bt 

6 We haue likewife in our London gardens another fort bearing floures ofa palewhitith colour, 
very fingle, refembling the female wilde Peiony, in other refpects like the double white Peiony, 
but leffer mall the parts thereof. f ih 

+ 7  Clufius by feed fent him from Conftantinople had two other varieties of fingle Peionies ; «ae 
the one had the leaues red when they came out of the ground ; and the floure of this was of adeep RO 
red colour: the other had them of a whitifh greene, and the floures of this were fomewhat larger, atte 
and ofa lighter colour. In the leaues 8 othcr parts they refembled the common double Peiony. + Mi 

Nnan 3 q Tle Rig 


/ 


982 ~~ Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


4 Peoniafaminapolyanthos flore alba. 
The double white Peionie. 


6 Peonia fa mina pumila, 
Lwarfe female Peionie. 


Labee, 


£ 5 Pwonia promi[cia. 
Maiden Peionie, 


$7 Peonia Byzantina. 
Turkifh Peionie. 


Lise. OF the HiftoryofPlants; 8 


9°3 


, q The Place. 

‘All the forts of Peionies do grow in our London gardens,except that doublePeiony with white 
floures, which we do expect from the Low-countries of Flanders. 

The male Peionie groweth wilde vpona cony berry in Betfome, being in the parifh of South- 
ficet inKent, twomiles from Grauef-end,and in the ground fomtimes belonging to a farmer th 
called lohn Bradley. , 

¢ Lhaue been told that our Author himfelfe planted that Peionie there, and afterwards (ee: 
med to finde it there by accident: and I do beleeue it was fo, becaufenone before or fince! hane 
eucr feen or heard of it growing wild fince in any part of this Kingdome, $ 

Th: Time, 

They floure in May:the feed is ripe in Tuly, 

«| The Names, 

The Peionie is called in Greeke 7: in Latine alfo Peoniaand Dalcifida : in Shops, Pionid © in 
high Dutch eonten blumen 3 in low Dutch, Matt bloemen ¢ in French, Pinoine : in Spanith,Ro- 
{adel monte: in Englith, Peionie: it hathalfo many baftard names, as Rofi fataina, Horba Calla: of 
fome,Lunarés,or Lunaria Peonia:becaufe it cureth thofe that haue the falling ficknefle,whom fome 
men call Lunaticos,or Lunaticke. It is called [deus Dattylus : which agrecthwith the female Peio- 
nie; the knobbie roots of which be like to Dactyli Idei,and Dadyli Ider ave cettaine precious {tones 
of the forme of amans finger,growing in the Ifland of Candie: ir is called of diners Aglaophot.s, 
or brightly fhining, taking his name of the fhining and glittering graines which are of the colour 
of {carlet. 

There be found two A¢laophotides, defcribed by e&lianus in his 14.booke ; one of the fea, inthe 
24.Chapter : the other of the earthyin the 2 7.chapter, That of the {ea isa kinde of Fucus, or fea 
moffewhich groweth vpon high rocks,of the bigneffe of Tamarisk,with the head of Poppy; which 
opening in the Sommer Solftice doth yeeld in the night time 4 certain ficrie,and as itwere fpark- 
ling brightneffe or light. 

That of the eatth,{aith hewhich by another name is called Cypo/fa/tws, lieth hid in the day time 
among other herbes,and is not knowneat all,and in the night time it_is eafily {cene : for it fhineth 
like a {tar,and glittereth with a fierie brightneffe: ~ 

And this Ag/aophotes of the earth,or Cynofpaftus,is Paonia ; for Apuleins faith, that the feedes or 
Sraines ef Peionie fhine in thenight time likea candle,and that plenty offtisin the night feafon 
found out and gathered by the thepheards. Theophrastus and Pliny do thew that Peionie is gathered 
inthenight,which -4i/ianys alfo affirmeth concerning, C4e/aophotusd . 

This 4elaophotssof the carth,or Cyno/paftus,is called of Lof¢phis the writer of the Iewes warre,in 
his feuenth booke,25.chapter, Baarasof the place wherein itis found, which thing is plaineto him 
that conferreth thofe things which 4i/ranus hath written of A glaophotis of the earth,or Cyno/paffus, 
with thofe which Joféphus hath fet downe of Baaras + for Aili anus faith,that Cyro/pafus is not pluc- 
ked vp without danger, and that it is reported how he that firlt tottched it, Hor knowing the nature 
thercof,perifhed. Therefore'a firing mutt be fa(tned to it in the hight,and a hungrie dog tied ther- 
to, who being allured by the fmell af rofted fleth fet towards him,may plucke itvp by the rootes. 
Toféphizs a\fo wrireth,that Baara doth thine in the evening like the day ftar,and that they who come 
heere,and would plucke it vp,¢an hardly doiit,cxcept that either a womans vrine, or her menfes be 
poured vpon it, and that foit may be pluckt vp at the length. 

Morcouer, it is fet downe by the {aid Author,asalfo by Pliny and Theophraftas,that of neceffitie 
it muft be gathered in the night; for if any man fhall pluck off the fruit in the day time,being feene 
of the V Vood-pecker,he is in danger ro loofe his cies; and if hecur the root, itisachance if his 
fundament fall not out. The like fabulous tale hath been fet forth of Mandrake,the which I haue 
partly touched inthe fame chapter. But all thefe things be moft vaine and friuolous: for theroot 
of Peionie,as alfothe Mandrake,may be remouced atany time of the yeare, day or houre whatfoe- 
ver. 

But it isno maruell,that fuch kindes of rifles, and mot fuperftittous and wicked ceremohics 

are found in the books ofthe moft antient writers ; for there were ma ny things in their time verie 

vainly'feined and cogged in for oftentation fake, as by the Rzyptiansand other counterfeit mates, 
_ as Phny doth truly te(tifie:an imitator of whon in times paftwas one Us adreaga Phylition,who,as 
| Galen {aith,conucied into the art of Phyfick,lies and fubrill delufions. For which caufe Galen com. 
| mandéd his Schollers to refraine frou the reading ofhim,and of all fuch like lying and deceitful! 
| fycophants. It is reported that thefe hetrbes tooke the nam? of Peidnic,or Pem, of that excellent 
| Phyfition of the fame name,who fitit-found oar and taughe the knowledge of thisherbe’ varo po- 
| fteritic, , 


Sarge 


Ane Rac cee 


A 


B 


GC) utarice 
7 


. 


984 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Ls bow 


The Temperature. « 

The root of Peionie, as Galen faith,doth gently binde with a kinde of fweetneffe :and hath alfo 
joined with it acertaine bitterifh fharpnefle : it is intemperature not very hot,littlemose than 
meanly hot’; but it isdrie,and of fubtill parts. 

@ The Vertues, 

Diofcorides writeth that the root of the Male Peionie being dried, is giuen to women that be not 
well clenfed after their deliuerie,being drunke in Mead or honied water tothe quantitie ofa bean, 
for it feowreth thofe plants,appeafeth the griping throwes and torments of the belly,and bringeth 
downe the defired fickneffe. ; 

Galen addeth,that it is good for thofe that haue the yellow iaundife,and pain in the kidnies and 
bladder, it clenfeth the liuer and kidnies that are ftopped. 

It is found by fure and cuident experience made by Gaten,that the frefh root tied about the necks 
of children, is an effectuall remedie againft the falling fickneffe;but vnto thofe that are growne vp 
in more yeares,the root thereof muft alfo be miniftred inwardly. 

Iris alfo giuen,faith Pliny,againft the difeafe of the minde.The root of the male Peionie is pre- 
ferred in this cure. : z 

Ten or twelue of the red berries or feeds drunke in wine that is fomething harfh or fower, and 
red,do ftay the inordinare flux,and are good for the ftone in the béginning. 

The blacke graines(that is the feed)to the number of fifteene taken in wine or mead,helpes the 
ftrangling and paines of the matrix or mother,and is a {peciall remedie for thofe that are troubled 
inthe night withthe difeafe called Ephialtes or night Mare, which isas though a heauy burthen 
were laid vpon them,and they oppreffed therewith, as ifthey were ouercome by theirenemies,or o- 
uerpreft with fome great weight or burthen;and they are alfo good againft melancholicke dreames. 

Syrrup made of the floures of Peionie helpeth greatly the falling fickneffe : likewife the extra- 
&ion of the roots doth the fame, 


Cuar. 381. Of toothed Violets or (Corall woorts. 


K Dentaria Bulbifera, 


2 Dentaria (oralloideradice, five Dent, Enneaphyllos¢ 
Toothed Violet. Cor fi ip iy t05 


The Coral] toothed Violet. 


» & ir x) 
B® Quy iy ~ 
a 


fez 
& Fr 


a, Ui i . 
} eh NY J ) 
ZN (eS 


Dr 


ig y, 


SUES 


Livi ist Of as Hiftory of Plants. 985 


3° Dentaria Heptaphyllos Chiff. : 4 Dentaria Pentapliylles: Cliff. 
The feuen leafed toothed Violet, Fiue leafed toothed Viole 


£ 5 DewtariaPentaphyllos altera. Hl, 
The other fiueleaued Corall-wort. @ The Defcription. i 


} He firft kinde of D I | 
Latine Denthria ba iit 


Ras 

us, Dentariaprior : in Englith, Dogs tooth violet) Wi RL 
hath a tubcrous and knobbie root, toothed,or as 

it were kneed like vnto the crags of Corall, of 
an vnpleafant fauor,and fomewhat {harp in tafte: Pit 
fron-which: {pring forth certaine final! and {len- HR ie = 
der ftalkes-a foot high, which haue leaues verie 
much cut or tagged, like vnto thofe of Hempe,of 
the forme and fathion of A then leaues:at the top pay a) 
of the ftalkes doe grow {mall white floures 5 in | = 


: . : Bi a 
 dhape like ¥7o/¢ matronales,chat is, Quecnes Gil- Hii) 

lofloures, or rather like ftocke-Gillotloures of a ; +f 
white yellow colour, laid ouer with a light {prin- Ha a 
Kling of purple :among which come forth {mal ! ? i 
knobs growing vpon the {talks among the leaues, BAW fi 

A 3he7 { ‘ ae 
ftich as ate to be feen vpon the chimifts Martagon, : Hie aie | 


which being ripe,do fall vpon the gtound,where- 
ofmany other plants are ingendred. 

2 The fecond kindé of Dogs-tooth violet 
bringeth forth fmall round ftalks, firm and ftiffe, 
a foot high, befet with leaues much broader, 
roundeér,and greener than the former, beari 
the top. many little floures confifting of 
final] leaues, of 'a pale herbie colour 
ing paft; there 'fucceed long and flende 


— 


. seco 


985 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Linz. 


fomewhat likethecods of Queenes Gillofloures, wherein is contained {mall blackith feed : the 
root is like the former, but not incuery refpe@& much refembling Corall, yet white and tuberous 
notwith{tanding, E 

3 Thethird kinde of Dogs-tooth Violct is called of Clufius, D entaria heptaphyllos, thatis, cor- 
fifting of feuen leaues faftened ypon one rib, finew,or {mall ftem : of Lobel with this title, A labaftri- 
tes altera,or Dentaria altera : but Cordus calleth it Coralloides altera : in Englifh,Corall violet; it hath 
{talkes, Houres,and roots like vnto the firft of his kinde,fauing that the Hloures are much fairer,and 
. whiteofcolour, and the roots hauea greater refemblance of Corall than the other. 

4 The fourth kinde of Dogs-tooth violet,called in Englifh Codded violet(which Clufius fet- 
teth forth vnder the title Dentaria Matthioli Pentaphyllos, which Pena doth alfoexpreffe vnder the ti- 
tle of Nemoralis alpina Herbarioruus Alabaftrites; Cordws éalleth it Coralloides, and may very wellbee 
called in Englith Cinkfoile violet ) hath leaues folike the greater Cinkfoile, that it ishard to 
know one from another;therefore if might very well haue been reckoned among the herbes called 
Pentaphylla, that is, fiue leaued herbes.This plant groweth in the fhadowie forreft about Turin,and 
the mountain Sauena called Calcaris, and by the Rhene nor far from Bafill. The ftalks grow to the 
height ofa cubit,befet with a tuft of floures at the top like to that of the firft,but ofa deeper purple 
colour:which being vaded, there fucceed long and flat cods like vito Rocket, or the great Celan- 
dine,wherein is containeda {mall feed. All thewhole plant is ofa hot and bitter tafte. The roots 
are likevnto Coral], ofa palewhitith colour : the leaues are rough and harfh in handling,and of a 
deep greene colour. } 

+ 5 | Glufivs givesys another varictie of Dentaria pentaphyllos whofe roots are more vneuen and, 
knobby than the laft defcribed : the ftalke is fome foot high : the leaves fiue vpon a ftalke, but not 
fo rough,nor of fo deepa greeneas thofe of the former 3 yet the floures are of a deep purple colour, 
like thofe of the laft deferibed. ¢ 

‘ @ The Place. 

They grow on diuers fhadowie and darkehills. Valerius Corduswriterh, that they are found a! 
bout the foreft Hereinia,not far from Northufium,moft plentifully,in a fat foile that hath quaries 
of ftone in it. The firft I haue in my garden, 

The Time. 

They floure efpecially in Aprill and May:the feed commeth to perfe@tion in the end of Auguft. 

| The Names. 

The toothed Violet, or after fome, Dogs-tooth violet,is commonly called Dentariasof Cordus,Co- 
valloides,of the root that is in forme like to Corall.Matthielws placeth it z#ter Solidagines & Symphy « 
ta,among the Confounds and Comfries. Wee had rather call them Viole Dentaria,of the likenefle 
the floures haue with Stocke-gillofloures. They may be called in Englith, Toothed Violets, or 
Corall-woorts. ' 

: © The Temperature andVertues. 

I haue read of few or no vertues contained in thefeherbes, fauing thofe which fome women 
haue experienced tobe in the firft kinde thereof, and which Matthsolus afcribeth vnto Peataphylla 
dentaria the fourth kinde, in the fourth booke of his Commentaries vpon Diofcorids,and in the 
chap.conterning Symphytum,where he faith that the root is vfed indrinkes which are made againft 
Enteroceleand inward wounds,but efpecially thofe wounds and hurts which haue entred intorhe 
hollowneffe of the breft. 


Cuapr. 382. Of Cinkefoile,or fiue finger Graffe. 
| The Defcription.. 


I "E He firft kindeof Cinkfoilc is fo commonand fo vniuerfally knowne,that I rhinke ita 
need {effe trauell to ftand about the defcription. ¢ It hath many long {lender ftalks, ly- 
ing {pred vpon the ground, out whereof grow leaues made of fiue longith fhipt leaues faftened to 
one long foot-ftalke: the floures alfo grow vpon the like foot-ftalks,and are compofed of fiue yel- 
low leaucs. The root is pretty large,of a reddifh colour,and round; but dried, it becomes fquare. + 
2 The fecond kinde of Cinkfoile or Quinquefoile hath round and fmal ftalks of a cubit high; 
the leaues are large,and very much iag ged about the edges, very like the common Cinkfoile: the 
floures grow at the top of the ftalks, in fafhion like the common kind,but much greater,and of a 
pale or bleake yellow or elfewhitith colour: the root is blacke without,and full of ftringsannexed 
thereto,and of a wooddie fubftance, 


Ps 3. Dhe 


Lis. 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 98a, 


Quinguefolium vuleare. T 2 Quinguefolinm maius rectum. 
Great vpright Cinkfoile, 


pmo Gipkfoile , plas 

0 Lew AE 2 Fo , 

Val (> wa VEG 

i Ze S 
ie 


Pr 


Gs 
i NS 


3 Pentaphyllum purpurenm. 


4 Pentaphylluck rubrum paluftré, 
Purple Cinkfoile. 


Marth Cinkfoile. 


bP we. Some : 


Se 


eee 
=e 


9 By 
Mel ab 
Nae 
bs ae | 

ai 

i) : 
Ha 
tes! i} 
ali ai 
i 

i 


oo 


aris 


~eSE  Aiene 


ATES 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. To Beate 


+ 6 PentaphyHon (upinum Potentille facie, 


5 Peptaphyllum petrofum Heptaphyllum Clufy. 7 
; ; . Siluerweed Cinkfoile. 


Bipae ae. Dro alfp rou - 


F 7 1 : 2 7 
: 7 Quinquefolinm Tormentille facie. ; 8 Pentaphyllum lecanum, 
, hel (pal Cink foile. Hoarie Cinkfoile. 
iyrate 


: VOL cr Oro arr (@x : 
ie ei Bayes oy 
2 y IQ) WW 


SS 


YZ 


~~ Of the Hiftory of Plants, i 


Lis. 2. 


t 3 The third kinde of Ginkefoile hath leaues like thofe of the lat defcribed;and his floures 
are of a purple colour; whichbeing paft, there fucceedeth around knop of feeddlike a Strawberry 
before itibe ripe :the ftalkes ate creeping vponthe ground : the rootis of a wooddy fib ance, full 
ofblacke ftrings appendant thereto. +. This differs not fromthe latt deferibed, but inthe colour 
of the'floures.. + 

4 The fourthkinde of Cinkefoileis very like vnto the other, efpecially the great kinde: the 
ftalkesarea cubithigh, andofareddith colour : the leaues confift of fue parts, fomewhat fhipe 

_ about the edges : the floures grow at the tops of the ftalkes like vnto the other Cinkefoiles,fauing 
that they be ofadarkered colour: the root is of awooddy fubftance, with {ome fibres or threddy 
ftrings hanging thereat. 


9 Pentaphylluim incanumiminus repens. 
Small hoary creeping Cinkefoile. 


TO Quingquefolinm [yluaticum majus flo. albo: 
Wood Cinkefoile,with white foures: 


nr 20 a oll OA 


Op 0 t 


5 The-fifth kinke of Cinkefoile groweth vpon the cold mountaines of Sauoy, and in the 
vallie of Auftenfic, and in Narbone in. France, and (if my memory failenot) I haue {cen the fame 
-Zrowing vpon Becfton caftle in Chefhire:the leaues hereof are few,and thinne fer, confifting of 
fiue parts like theother Cinkefoiles, oftentimes fix or feuen fer vpon one foot-ftalke, not fhipt 
about the edges as the other, but’plaing and fmooth ; the leafe is ofa fhining white filuer colour, 
very foft and fhining : the floures grow like ftarres,vpon flender ftalkes by tufts and bunches, ofa 
white colour, and fometimes purple, in fafhion like the floures of Alchimilla, or Ladies mantle : 
the root is thicke and full of ftrings,and of a browne purple colour. 
t,,6.-This plant,whole figure our Author formerly gaue for Fragaria fterilis, 8 in his deferip- 
tion confounded with it,to auoid confufion,I thinke fit to giue you here among ft the Cinkefoiles, 
and in that place the Fragaria fierilisas moft agreeable thereto. This feemes to challenge kindred 
of three feucrall plants, that is, Cinkefoile; Tormentill, and Siluer-weed, for it hath the vpper 
teats, the yellow floures, erecping branches,and root of Cinkcfoile, but the lower leaucs are of 
adarke greene,and grow many vponone middle rib like thofe of Siluer-weed , the fruit is like 
anvnripe Strawberry. LodeL calls this Pentaphyllura fupinum Tormentile facie:and Tabernamontanss, 
Quinguefilium fragifirum repens, + ioe et ' 
7. The feuenth kinde of Cinkefoile, Pera that diligent fearcher of Simples found in the 
A pes of Rhetia,nere Clauena,and at the firft fight fuppofed it tobe akinde of Tormentillaor Pen- 
Oo000 ; tapl illumi, 


-s 


ee : 


ae 


bes 


4 
| 
j 
: 


SS 


998 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Livia 


raphy lum, faue that it had a more threddy root, rather like Gerantim ; it is of adatke colour out- 
wardly, hauing fome {weet {mecll, reprefenting Garyophyllata in the {auor of his'roots:in'leaues and 
foures itrefembles Cinkefoile and Tormentill,and in fhape of his ftalkes and roots Amens or Gary- 
ophyllata,participating of them all :notwithftanding it approcheth necreft vito the Cinkefoiles, 
hauing ftalkes a foot high,whereupon grow leaues diuided into fiue parts,and jagged round about 
the edges like the teeth of a faw, hauing the pale yellow floures of Pentaphyllam or Tormentalla 
within which are little moffie or downy threddes, of the colour of faffron, but leffer than the com- 
mon Auens. 

8 The eighth kinde of Cinkefoile (according to the opinion ofdiuetsleatned men,who haue 
had the view thereof,and haue inudged it tobe the true Leucas of Dioftorides;agreeable to Diafcori- 
des his defcription)is all hoary, whereupon it tooke theaddition vcanum. The ftalkes are thicke, 
wooddy,and fomewhat red, wrinckled alfo, and ofa browne colour ; which rife vnequall from the 
root, fpreading themfelues into many branches, fhadowing the place where it groweth, befet with 
thicke and notched leaues like Scordium, or water Germander, which according to the indgment 

of the learned is thought to be of no leffe force againft poifon than Pentaphyllon, ox Tormentilla, be. 
ing of an aftringent and drying quality. Hereupon it may be that fome trying the force hereof, 
- yeelded it vp for Leucas Diofcoridis. This rare plant I never found growing naturally, butin 
she hollowneffe of the peakifh mountaines, and dry grauelly vallies. 


1 Quinquefolinm {yluaticum minus flo. albo; £ 12 Quingquefolinm minus flo, Aureos 
Small white floured wood Cinkefoile. Small golden floured /C inkefoiles 
i Wr ta toc. orrant ea 


£9 This hath the like creeping purple branches as the laft déeferibed:the leaues are natrower, 


e hairy and deeper cut in: the floures are alfo of a more golden colour, itiérher refpeas they 
alike. + ¢ 


Lis 2e 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


991 


thofe of the lai defcribed: the tops of the 
branches carry pretty white floures like 
thofe of the laft defcribed whereof itfeems 
to bea kinde, yet lefle ineach refpea. 

12 This froma blackeand fibrous root 
fends forth creeping branches, fer with 
Jeaues likethe common Cink foile,but leffe, 
fomewhat hoary and fhining , the ftalks are 
fome handfull high, and on their tops catry 
large floures in refpeé of the fimalnefle of 
the plant,and thefe of a faire golden colour, 
with faffron coloured threds in their middle: 
the feedes grow after the manner of other 
Cinkfoiles: this floures in Iune, and itis 
Clufius his Quinquefolinm 3 .aureo flore. + 

12? There is one ofthe mountain Cink 
foiles that hath diuers flender brittle ftalks, 
rifing immediatly out of the ground;where- 
uponare fet by equall diftances certain iag- 
ged leaues, not vnlike to the fmalleft leaues 
of Auens: the floures are white and grow at 
the top,hauing in them threds yellow of co- 
lour, and like to the other Cinkfoiles, but 
altogether le fer. The root is thicke, tough, 
and of a wooddie fubftance. + The feedes 
grow cluftering together like little Straw- 
berries, whence C/ufizs calls it Quinquefoli- 
wm fragiferum, + 

q The Place. 

They grow in low and moift medowes,vp- 
onbanks and by high waies fides:the fecond 
is onely to be found in gardens. 

The third groweth in the woods of Saue- 
naand Natbon, but not in England ; The 
fourth groweth in a marfh ground adioining to the land called Bourne ponds,halfe.a mile from 
Colchefter ; from whence I brought fome plants for my garden, where they flourifh and profper 
< fifth groweth vpon Beeftone caftle in Chethire: the fixth vpon bricke and ftonewals about 
London,efpecially vpon thebricke wall in Liuer-lane, satis 

The place of the feuenth and eight is fet forth in their deferiptions. 

Gq The Time, 

Thefe plants do floure from the beginning of May to the énd of Iune, 

@ The Names. t 

Cinkfoile is called in Greeke wwnfeon: in Latine, Quinguefolium: the Apothecaries vie the Greek 
name Pestaphyllon: and fometime the Latine name.There be very many baftard names,wherewith I 
will nottrouble your eares : in High Dutch; Junf€ fingerbraut: in Low Dutch , wut Ginger 
hrutitsin Italian , Crvquefoglio : in French, Quinte fuelle : in Spanith,Civco en rama: in Englith, 
Cinkfoile,Fiue finger Grafic, Fiue leaued graffe, and Sinkfield. 

The Temperature. : : 

The roots of Cinkfoile,e{pecially of the firft,do vehemently drie, and that in the third degree, 
bur without biting : forthey haue very little apparant heat or fharpnefle. ; 

q The Vertues, Pe, 

The decoétion of the roots of pelts drunke, cureth the bloudy flixe,and all other fluxes of A 

e eth all exceffiue bleeding. : igice, 
Bein Ane, “as while they be yong and tender, is giuen tobe drutikeagainft the difeafes p 


ofthe liuer and Jungs,and all poifon. 


The fame drunke in Mead or honied water,or wine wherein fome pepperhath been mingled,cu- ¢, 


 reth the terrian or quartaine feuers:and being drunken after the fame manner for thirry daies toge- 
ther, it helpeth the falling fickneffe. _ 
The rae vied among herbes appropriate forthe {ame purpofe ,cureth ruptures and burftings D 


i sits falling into the cds. é 
oftherim,and guts fa ing poss Nene re! 


\ 
d 
H 


992 | Of the Hifterie of Plants. Lick 4. 


The inice ofthe leaves drunken doth cure the Iaundice, and comforteth the ftomacke and 

E Pe decoétion ofthe roots held in the mouth doth mitigate the paine ofthe teeth, ftaieth putri- 
faétion,and all putrified vicers of the mouth,helpeth the inflammations of the almonds,throat,and 
the parts adioining,it ftaicth the laske,and helpeth the bloudy flix. 

‘G © Theroorboiled in vineger is good againft the fhingles,appeafeth the rage of fretting ores, and 

H Seta, sivcfonte branches hereof cureth quartaine agues, three ae ak pie branch 
quotidians: which things are moft vaine and friuolous,as likewife many ae uch like,which are 
not onely found in D/ofcor ides, but alfo in other Authors,which wewillingly withftand. 

I. Ortelpho Morolto a learned Phyfition, commended the leaues being boiled with water,and fome 

Licnum vite added therto,againft the falling fickneffe,ifthe patient be caufed to fweat vpon the ta- 
king thereof. He likewife commendeth the extra@ion of the roots againft the bloudy flix - 


i [cripti i i i t whi | js yet keptin theftcond place; and inthe © 
th merly in his defcription , title, and place OF growing mentioned that plant which he figured, and is y P f 
fi sce Se adigpyhanein gt and BuueReneat et, yet without defeription inthe fecond. Thar which formerly wasin the fixth place, bythe 
aan of Pen um lupinum, was thefame withthatin the fifth-place. 


Cusp. 383. Of Setfoileor Tormentill, 


Tormentilla, ay 
Setfoile. net on a! _ The Defiription. 
Pat “Dn ined 5 Wx 
gee memkiklon ol frrrrak no alan 


Ta herbe Tormentill or Setfoile is ane af 
the Cinkfoiles, it brings forth many ftalks 
flender,weake,fearfe able to lift ir felfe vp, but 
rather lieth downe vpon the ground: the leaues 
be leffer than Cinkefoile, but moe innumber, 
fomtimes fiue,but commonly feuen, whereup~ 
On it tooke his name Serfoile , which is feuen 
leaues,and thofe fomew hat fhipt about the ed- 
ges: the floures grow on the toppes of flender 
ttalkes, of a yellow colour, like thofe of the 
Cinkfoiles. The root is blacke without, red- 
dih within, thicke, tuberous, or knobbie. 
The Place. 
This plant loueth woods and fhadowie pla- 
ces,and is likewife found in paftures lying open 
to the Sun, almoft euery where. 


q The Names. ' 
It floureth from May, vnto the end of Au 
guft. 


@ The Names. 


It is called of the later Herbarifts Tormene 
tilla « {ome name it after the number of the 
leaues trriievng, and Septifolivm :in Englith, Set- 
foile and Tormentill : in high-Dutch , 2tt®= 
tonrts : moft take itto be Chryfacenon, where- 
Of Déofcorides hath made a briefe defcription. 

| The Temperature, 
The root of Tormentill doth mightily dry,and that in the third degree, and is of thin parts: it 
hath in itvery little heat,and is ofa binding quality. 
@ The Vertues. 
A _ Tormentill is not only of like vertue with Cinkefoile,butalfo of greater efficacie: iris much 
vied againft peftilent difeafes: for it ftrongly refifteth putrifa@ion, and procureth fweate. #4 
o €. 


err: Of the Hiftory of Plants. 993 


The leaues and roots boiled in wine, ot the iuice thereof drunken proudketh fweat, and by that B 
means driueth out all venome from the heart,expelleth poifon,and preferueth the bodie intime of 

eftilence from the infeGion'thereof, and all other infe tious difeafes. 

The roots dried made into pouderand drunke in wine doth the fame. 

The fame ponder taken as aforefaid,or in the water of a Smiths forge,or rather thewaterwhere- D 
in hot fteele hath been often quenched of purpofe,cureth the laske and bloudy flix, yea although 
the patient haue adioined vnto his {couring a grieuous'feuer. FF 

It ftoppeth the {pitting of bloud,piffing of bloud,and all other iffues of bloud,as wellin menas E 
women. 

The decoétion of the leaves and rootes, of the iuice thereof drunke, is excellent good forall F 
wounds, both outward and inwardkit al{o openeth and healeth the {toppings of the liuer and lungs, 
and cufretlhitiiiaundice. © «a+. 

The root beaten into pouder,tempered or kneaded with the white ofan egge andeaten, ftaieth G 
the defire to vomite,and is good againft choler and melancholic. 


’ 


Cuap., 384. Of wilde Tanfie or Sitluer-weed, 


Argentina. 
Siluetweed,orwilde Tanfie. | The Defcription. 


pterchileo Qnisenn~o_ 
Ilde Tanfie creepeth along vpon the 
NJ oi with fine flender {talkes and 
clafping tendrels: the leaues are long 
made yp of many {mall leaues , like vnto thofe 
of the garden Tanfie, but leffer; on the vpper 
fide greene, and vnder very white. The floures 
be yellow,and ftand ypon flender ftems, as doe 
thofe of Cinkfoile, 
q| The Place. 
It gtoweth in moift places neere vnto high 
Waies and running brookes euery where. 
The Time, 
It floureth in June and Iuly. 
i The Names. 
The later Herbarifts do call it Argentina, of 
the filuer drops that are to be feene in the di- 
ftilled water therof when it is put intoa glaffe, 
which you thalleafily fee rowling and tumb- 
ling vp and downe in the bottome, ¢ I iudge it 
rather fo called of the fine fhining Siluer co- 
joured leaues.tItis likewifecalled Potentill:: of 
diuers, Azrimoniafjlueftris, Anferina, and Tanace- 
tum [ylucfire : ix High Dutch, Genfertch ¢ in 
Low Dutch, Ganferick ¢ in French, 4rgentine: 
in Englifh, Wilde Tanfie,and Siluerweed. 
@ The Temperature. 
Itis of temperature moderatly cold,and dry 
almoft in the third degree, hauing withall a 
binding facultie. 
qq The Vertues. ‘ 
Wilde Tanfie boiled inwine and drunk,ttoppeth the laske and bloudy flix,and all other fluxof A 
bloud { notwoman,. : P 
ice boiled inwater and fale and ee clottéd and congealed bloud in fuch B 
ar ifed with falling from fome high place. : i 
as Re can hereofmade in watenixeth the vicers. and cankers of the mouth, if fome honie C 
oiling. f 
7 pos eae ae pana vertues, (pecially againft the sia uta wounds,and D 
VV Tid a < 5 ais ane ay (fh WOLUDdS. 
swounds of the priuie or feeret parts,and “oes Lp oe frei wounds er 


954 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lin, 


BE The diftilled’ water taketh away freckles,{pots, pimples in the face and Sun-burning ; bur the 
herbe laid to infufe or fteepe in white wine is far betrer : but the beft of all is to fteepe it in trong 
white wine vinegre,the face being often bathed or wafhed therewith. 


Cuar.385. OfeAnens,or Herbe Bennet. 


1 Caryophyllata, 2 Caryophyllata montana. 
Auens or herbe Bennet. Mountaine Auens. 


wnborrwn_— 2 Cire yet acter 


@ The Defcription. 


i He common Auens hath leaves 
not vulike to Agrimony,rough, 
{ blackifh, and much clouen or 
i deepely cut into divers gafhes : the ftalke is 
| round and hairy,a foot high,diuiding it felfe 
| atthe top into diuers branches, whereupon 
De do giow yellow floures like thofe of Cinke- 
: foile or wild 
: 
H 
{ 


le Tanfie:which being paft,there 
follow round rough reddith hairy heads or 
knops fulof feed, which being ripe wil hang 
: han vpon garments as the Burs doe. The root is 
yah y thicke, reddith within, with certaine yellow 
firings “faftened thereunto, {melling like 
vnto Cloues or like vnto the roots of Cy- 


perus. ; ; 
2 The Mountain Auens hath greater and thicker leaues than the precedent,rougher,and more 
: : 


{ 

itt 
hairie,not parted into three,bur rather round,nicked on the edges: among which rifeth vp flender 

' 

‘ 


ftalkes, whereon coe grow little longifh fharpe pointed leaues: onthe coppe of each ftalke doth 
- grow 


a lt 


— 


Lian Of the Hiftorie of Plants. =——sSs=*~S*S~«a SS 


3 Caryophyliata Alpina pentaphyllen, $ 4 Caryophyllata montana parpur 
Fiue leaued Auens. Red floured mountaine 


Cas 
Auens. 


SNS i 

— 5 toe aT i 
¥ 5 Caryophyllata Alpina minima, 
Dwarfe mountaine Auens. , i 


grow one floure greater than that of the former, which con fifteth of fiue little leanes as yellow as 
gold : after which growes vp the feeds among long hairy threds. The rootis long,growitg aflope, 
{omewhat thicke, with ftrings anexed thereto. 5 ; 

3. Fiue finger Auens hath many {mall leaues {pred vpon the ground, divided into fiue parts, 
fomewhat fnipt about the edges like Cinkefoile,whereof it tooke his name, Among which rife 
vp flender ftalkes diuided at the top into diuers branches, whereon do grow fmall yellow floures 
like thofe of Cinkcfoile : the root is compofed of many tough ftrings of the {mell ot Cloues, 
which makes it a kind of Auens ; otherwife doubtles it muft of neceflitie be one of the Cinkfoiles 

# 4 Thishath ioynted ftringy roots fome finger thick, from whence rife vp many large and 
hairy Ieaues, compofed of diuers little leaues, with larger at the top, and thefe fnipt abuut the ed- 
ges like as the common Auens: amongft thefe leaues grow vp fundry ftalkes fome foot or better 
high, whereon grow flonres hanging downe their heads, and the tops of the ftalkes and cups of the 
floures are commonly ofa purplith colour: the floures themfelues are of a pretty red colour, and 
are of diuers fhapes, and grow diners wayes ; which hath beenethe reafon that C/ufixs and others 
haue iudged them feuerall plants, as may be feene is Clufius his Workes, where he giues you the ' 
floures, which you here finde expreft, for a different kind. Now fome of thefe floures,cuen the grea- 
ter part of them grow with fiue red round pointed leaues,which neuer lie faire open,but only ftand 
ftraight out, the middle part being filled with a hairy matter and yellowith threds : other-fome 
confift of feuen, cight, nine, or more leaues ; and fome againe lie wholly open, with greene leaues 
growing clofe vnder the cup of the floure,as you may fee them reprefented in the figure ;and fome 
few now and then may be found compofed ofa great many little leaues thick thruft together, ma- 
king avery double floure. After the floures are falne come fuch hairy heads as in other plants of 
this kinde, among ftwhich lies the feed. Gefner calls this Geum rivale : Thalius, Caryophyllata maior 
purpurea « Camerarins, Caryophyllata aquatica: Clufius, gh ie montana prima,cy tertia. 

5 ~The root of this is alfo thicke,fibrous,and whitith ; from which atife many leaues three fin- 
gers high, refembling thofe of Agrimonie,the little leaves ftanding direétly oppofite each againft 
other, {nipt about the edges, hairy, a little curld,and ofa deepe greene colour:out of the midft of 
thofe,vpona fhort {talk growes commonly on fingle floure of a gold-yellow colour, much like the 
mountaine Auens defcribed in the fecond place. It floures at thebeginning of Tuly,and groweth 
vpon the Alpes, Ponawas the firft that defcribed it, and that by the name of CaryophyHata Alpina 
ominium minima, + 

@ The Place. 

Thefe kindes of Auens are found in high mountaines and thicke woods of the North parts of 
England : we haue them in our London gardens,where they flourifh and encreafe infinitely. 

t+ Thered floured mountaine Auens was found growing in Wales by my much honoured 
friend M*, Thomas Glyna, who fent fome plants thereof to our Herbarifts, in whofe gardens itthri- 
uethexceedingly. + 

@ The Time. 
They floure from the beginning of May to the end of Iuly. 
q The Names. 

Auens is called Caryophyllata, fo named of the {mell of Cloues which is in the roots, and diners 
call it Sanamunda, Herba beneditta, and Nardus ruftica : in high-Dutch, s§enedicten Wwo2ts ¢ in 
French, Galiot : of the Wallons, Gloriafilia : in Englith, Auens, and herbe Benet: it is thought to | 
be Geum Pliny, which moft do fufpe,by reafon he is fo briefe, Geum, faith Pliny,ib.26.cap.7 hath 
little flender roots, blacke, and ofa good {mell. 

The other kinde of Auens is called of the later Herbarifts, Caryophyllata montana, Mountaine A- 
uens : it might agtee with the defeription of Baccharzs, ifthe floures were purple tending to white- 
neffe ; which as we haue (aid are yellow, and likewife differ in that,that the roots of Auens f{mell 
of Cloues, and thofe of Baccharis haue the fmell of Cinnamon. 

| The Temperature. 

The roots and leaues of Auens are manifeftly dry,and fomething hot, with akinde of {couring 
qualitie. 

q The Vertues. 

The deco&ion of Auens made inwine is commended againft cruditie or rawneffe of the fto- 
macke, paine of the Collicke, and the biting of venomous beafts. 

The fame is likewife a remedie for ftitches and griefe in the fide, for ftopping of the liuer ; it 
conco&eth raw humours, feoureth away fuch things as cleaue to the intrals, wafteth and diffol- 
ucth winde, efpecially being boyled withwine:butif it be boyled with pottage or broth it is of 
goat e Coe of all other pot-herbes is chiefe, not onely in phyfical] broths, but commonly 
tobevied mall. 

‘The !canes and roots taken in this manner diffolue and confiume clottered bloud in any inward 
part 


ee Ee 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 997 


partof the body; and therfore they are mixed with potions which are drank of thofe thatare brui- 
fed, that are inwardly broken, or that haue fallen from fome high place. 

The roots taken vp in Autumne and dried, do keep garments from being eaten with moths,and 
make ten to haue an excellent good odour, and fetue forall the phyficall purpofes that Cinke- 
foiles do. : 


Cuar. 386. Of Stran-berries. 


© the Rindes. 


oT Here be diuers forts of Strawberries ; one red, another white,a third fort greene, and likewife 
a wilde Straw-berrie, which is altogether barren of fruit, 


a Fragaria cr Fraga, 2 Fragaria G Fraga fubalba, 
Red Straw-berries. White Straw-berries. 


Sian PpY, OSLO 
| 


i 


a 


caches 


uaanrmmZe (Ce 


G The Defcription, 


I He Straw-berry hath leaues {pred vpon the ground, fomewhat fnipt about the edges, 
three fet together ypon one flender foot-ftalke like the Trefoile, greene on the vpper 
fide, and on thenether fide more white : among which rife vp flender ftems,whereon 

‘do grow {mall floures, confifting of fiue little white leaues, the middle part fomwhat yellow,after 
which commeth the fruit, not vnlike to the Mulberrie, or rather the Rafpis, red of colour, hauing 
the tafte of wine, the inner pulpe or fubftance whereof is moift and white, inwhich is contained 
little feeds : the root is threddy, of long continuance, fending forth many ftrings, which difperfe 
themfelues far abroad, whereby it greatly increafeth. 

2 Ofthefe there is alfoafecond kinde, which is like to the former in ftems,ftrings,leaues and 

|floures. The fruit is fomething greater, and of a whitith colour, wherein is the difference. 

There is another fort, which brings forth leaues, floures, and ftrings like the other of his kinde, 

| The fruit is green when it is ripe, tending to redneffe vpon that fide that lieth to the Sacer 
after 


Vy 


FETE Se t= 


ae 


ee > ee 


998 ~~ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


falter to the ftemmes,and is of a {weeter tafte, wherein onely confifteth the difference. 


Lis.2. 


$ There is alfo kept in our gardens (onely 
for varietic) another Strawberrie which in leaues 
and growing is like the common kinde; but the 
floure is greenifh , and the fruit is harfh, rough, 
and prickely, being of a greenifh colour , witlr 
fome thew ofrednefle. M*. Zohn Tradefcant hath 
told me that he was the firft that tooke notice of 
this Straw-bertry, and that in a womans garden 
ar Plimouth, whofe daughter had gathered and 
fet the roots inher garden in ftead of the com- 
mon Straw-berry : but fhe finding the fruit not 
to anfwer her expe tation, intended to throw it 
away : which labor he {pared her,in taking itand 
beftowing it among the louers of {uch varieties, * 
in whofe gardens itis yet preferued. This may 
be called in Latine, Fragaria fructus hifpido, The’ 
prickly Straw-berry. + 

t+ 3  Thiswild Strawberry hath leaues like 
the other Straw-berry, but fomewhat leffe, and 
fofter, flightly indented about the edges, and of 
a light greenecolour : among which rife vp flen- 
der ftems bearing fiich floures as the common 
Straw-berries doe, but leffer, which doe wither 
away, leauing behinde a barren or chaffie head, 
in fhape likea Straw-berrie, but of no worth or 
value : the root is like the others. 

@ The Place, 

Straw-berries do grow vponhills and vallies, 
likewife in woods and other fuch places that be 
fomewhat fhadowie : they profper well in’ Gar- 
dens, the firft euery where,the other two more 
rare,and are not to be found faue only in gardens. 

+ The barren one growes in diuers places,as 
vpon Blacke heath,in Greenwich parke,&c. £ 


t 3 Fracariaminimeve(ca, fine flerilis. 
Wilde or barren Straw-berry. 


“ie a ) COA OF ptendx S;, 


c 
{) 
BH S&S 


q The Time, 

The leaues continue greene all the yeare : in the Spring they*fpred further with their ftrings, 
and floure afterward : the berries are ripe in Juneand Iuly. + The barrenone floures in April and 
May, but neuer carries any berries. $ 

| The Names. 

The fruit or berries are called in Latine by Yérgil and Ouid, Fraga : neither haue they any other 
name commonly knowne: they are called in high-Dutch @edbeerent $ in low- Dutch, Certhetien s 
in French, Fraifes : in Englifh, Strawberries. 

| The Temperature. 

The leaues and roots do coole and dry, with an aftriction or binding quality : but the berries be 
coll and moift. 

a) The Vertues. 

The leaues boyled and applied in manner of a pultis taketh away the burning heate in wounds 
the decoétion thereof ftrengthneth the gummes, faftneth the teeth, and is good to be held in the 
mouth, both againft the inflammation or burning heate thereof, and alfo of the almonds of the 
throat : they ftay the ouermuch flowing of the bloudy flix, and other iflues of bloud. ' 

The berries quench thirft, and do allay the inflammation or heate of the ftomack : the nourifh- 
ment which they yeeld is little, thin,and waterifh,and if they happen to putrifie in the ftomacke, 
their nourifhment is naught. - se 

The diftilled water dranke with white Wine is good againft the paffion of the heart, reuiuing 
the {pirits, and making the heart merry. : 

The diftilled water is reported to fcoure the face, to take away fpots, and to make the face faire 
and {mooth ; and is likewife drunkewith good fucceffe againft the ftone in the kidnies. Ne 

The leaues are good to be put into Lotions or wafhing waters, for the mouth and the priuie 
parts, 


The 


Lis.2. 


The ripe Straw-betries quenchithirft, coole heat of the ftomack, and inflammation of the liuer, F 


takeaway (ifthey be often vfed) the rediieffe and heate of the face,”' 


That figure which formerly wasiih this place, and fome part of thedefcription were (as I haue formerly noted) of the P bry lh r 5 Ne fick 
which yo may finde defcribed among{t the Cinkfoules in the fixth place- : Ai ehcp, Leplenes Pepensile fits 


Cuar.387. Of Angelica. 


@,,The Kindes. 
Here be diucrs kindes of Angelica’s , the garden Angelica, that of the water, and a third/fort 
wilde growing vpon the lands : 


Ks 


1 Angelica fativa. 2 Angelica fylueftris, 


Garden Angelica. , gb Wilde Angelica: 
Dipset) Neca ALOE, Ol Wie. gelesen 


@ Td Défeription. 


| ae oncerning this plant Angelicathéve hath bin heretofore fome contention and contro- 
netic Cordusiculling it Svyrninn' : {ome later writers, Co/tus viger : but to auoid ‘ca- 
uillthe cohtrotierfic is foond decided, fithirand no other doth afluredly retaine the 
name 4zgélica. Tt hath gtearbroad leaues; dittided againe into other leaues,which are indented or 
| fhipt about much like to the vppetmo't leaties of Sphondylinm, but\lower, tenderer,ereenet and ofa 
» ftronger fauor : anione which leaués fpring Vpithe ftalkes, very great, thicke, and hollow , fixe or 
| fevren'foot high, isynted or kniced : froma which ioynts proceed other armes or branches,at the top 
Wheredferow tufts ofwhitith floutes like Fennell or Dill: the root is thicke, gteat,and oilous,out 
« ofwhich iffueth, if it be cut or broken, an oylie liquor’: the whole plant, as well leaues, ftalkes, as 
1 rOots, are of a reafonable pleafant fauour,notmuch vnlike Petroleum. 

There is anothérkinde of true Angelica found in our Englith gardens (which I haue obferued) 
| being like vnto the former, fauing that the roots of this kinde are more fragrant,and ofa morc aro- 


1 maticke fauor,and the leaues next the ground ofa purplith red colour,and the whole plant leffer. 
2 The 


OF the Hiftory of Plants: 999 


— 


i 
: if ¥ 
ae ht 
Hahg he ie) 
ye 
1 
Wha: 
Bee 
a} 
¢ in 
a 2 
Tey | 
i fi 
f 
M 7 
1 
i bf 
} ‘ 
j iit 
{ 
Sa) 
t 
A ah 
EY 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Laveiz) | 


£3 Archaneclita. 2 The wilde Angelica ; which feldome 
Great wilde Angelica. growes in gardens,but is found to grow plens 
tifully in water foken grounds and cold moift 
medowes, is like to that ofthe garden, faue 
that his leaues are not fo deepely cut or iag- 
ged ; they be alfoblacker and narrower: The 
ftalkes are much flenderer and fhorter, and 
the, floures whiter : the root much {maller, 
and’ hath ‘more threddy ftrings appendant 
thereunto, and is not fo ftrong of fauour bya 
great deale. 

3. Matthiolus and Gefaer haue made men- 
‘tion of anotherkinde of Angelica, but we ate 
very flenderly inftruéted by their infufficient 
defcriptions :notwithftanding for our better 
knowledge and more certain affurance I mutt 
needs record that which my friend M‘/ Bred- 
well related tome coneerning his fight there- 
of,who found this plant growing by the mote 
which compaffeth the houfe of M‘. Muzke o£ 
the parith of Juer, two miles from Colbrook ; 
and fince that 1 haue feene the fame in low 
fenny and marfhy places of Eflex,about Har. 
wich. This.plant hath leaues like vnto the 
garden Angelica, but {maller, and fewer in 
number, fet vpon one rib a great ftalke, groffe 
and thicke, whofe ioynts and that fmall rib 

whereon the leafe growes are of areddifh co- 
Jour, hauing many long branches comming 
forth of an husk or cafe, fich as is inthecom. 
mon garden Parfnep : the flaures doe grow 
at the top of the branches, and are of a’ 
white colour, and tuft fafhion: which being paft, there fucceed broad longand thicke feeds, lon- 
ger and thicker than garden Angelica : the root is great, thicke, white, of littlefauour, with fome 
ftrings appendant thereto. f 7 

+ ‘This of our Authors defcription feemes to agree with the Archangelica' of Lobel, Dodonaws; 

and clufiws , wherefore I haue puttheirfiguretoit. + 
q The Place. 

The firft is very common in our Englifh gardens : in other places it growes wilde without plan- 
ting ; as in Norway, and in air I fland of the North called Ifland, where it groweth very high. It is 
eaten of the inhabitants, the barke being pilled off, as we vnderftand by fome that haue trauelled. 
into Hfland,who were fometimes compelled to eate hereof for want of other food ; and they report ! 
that ithath a good and pleafant tafte to them that are hungry. It groweth likewife in diuers moun- 
taines of Germanie, and efpecially of Bohemia. : 

| The Time. 

They floure in Tuly and Auguft, whofe roots for the moft part do perifh after the feed is ripe: 
yet haue I with often cutting the plant kept it from feeding, by which meanes the root and plant 
haue continued fundry yeares together, 

q The Names. ' 

Itis called of the later age Angelica +1n high-Dutch, Augelick, Seutttourts, or Des hetligheis 
Gepe Lourtsel, that is, Spiritus fancti radix; the rootroftheholy Ghoft, as witnefleth Zeowbartus 
Fuchfius': in low-Dutch, Angelika sin French, Azgelic - in Englith alfo Angelica, : 

It feemeth tobe.a kind of Laferpitium, for if itbe compared with thofe things which T heaphra- 
ftus-at large hath written concern ing Silphium or. Laferpitium, in his fixth booke of the hiftorie of 
plants, it fhall appeare to be anfwerable thereunto. But whether wild Angelica be that which Theo- 
phraftus calleth Magydaris, that is to fay,another kinde of Laferpitinn, weleaue tobe examined and 
confidered of by the learned Phyfitians of our London Colledge, 

TheT emperature, ‘ 

Angelica, efpecially that of the garden,is hotand dry in the third degree; therefore it openeth, 
attenuateth or maketh thin, digefteth,and procureth fivear. 


a The 


Lips 2  Ofthe Hiftorieof Plants. ae 


G The Vertues. 

The roots of garden Angelica isa fingular remedy againft poifon, and againft the plague, and A 

all infections taken by euill and corrupt aire,if youdo but take a peece of theroorand hold it in 
your mouth,or chew the {ame between your teeth, it doth moft certainely driue away the peftilen- 

tiall aire,yca although that corrupt aire haue poffefied the hart,yet it driueth ic oucagain by vrine 
and fweat, as Rue and Treacle,and fuch like 4atipharmacado, a 

Angelica is an enemy to poifons: it cureth peftilent difeafes if it by vfed in feafon:adram B 
weight of the pouder hereof is given with thin wine,or if the feuer be vehement, with rhe diftilled 
water Of Carduss benedittus,or of Tormentill,and with a little vineger, and by it felfe alfo, or with 


Treacle of Vipers added. Mee, 
It openeth the liuer and {pleene : draweth downe the termes,driueth outor expelleth the fecon- C 


dine. 
The decoction of the root made in wine, is good againft the cold fhiucring ofagues. D 
It is reported that the root is auaileable againft witchcraft and inchantments,ifa man carry the, E 
fameabontthem,as Fuchfius faith. 
Irattenuateth and maketh thin, groffe and tough flegme : the root being vfed greene,and while F 
it is full of juice, helpeth them that be afthmaticke, diffoluing and expectorating the ftuffings 
therein,by cutting off and clenfing the parts affected, reducing ¢he body to health againe; bur 


when it is dry irworketh not fo effe@tually. 
It is a moft fingular medicine againft farfeting and loathfomeneffe to meate : it helpeth con- G 


cotion in the ftomacke,and is right beneficiall to the hart: it cureth the bitings of mad dogges, 


andall other venomous beatts. 
The wilde kindes are not of {uch force inworking,albeit they hauethe fame vertues attributed Ey 


vatothem. 


Cuar, 388. Of MM. aflerworts and herbe Gerard, 


x Imperatoria. 2 Herba Gerardi, 
Mafterwoorts. i ! Herbe Gerard,or Aifh-weed, 
Osi LAAN? | ° p edlivma. G4 seria LORLOU 


aon VM p Cor Nove 
l 


y 


Lis. 2. 


; ~~ To0R. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


@ The Defcription. 


I [persona or Mafterwoort hath great broad leaues not much vnlike wilde Angelica, bur 
{maller,and of adeeper greene colour, in favor like Angelica, and cuery leafediuided into 
fundry other little leaues :the tender knotted ftalkes are of a reddith colour, bearing at the top 
4, round {pokie tufts with white floures : the feed is like the feed of Dill: the root is thicke, knotty 
aah and tuberous,ofa good fauour, and hot or biting vpon the tongue, which hath mooued the ypskii- 
ay full tocall it Pellitory of Spaine,but very vnfitly and vntruely, 
au. 2 Herba Gerardi,which Pena doth alfo call Zmperatoria and Offrutium » the Germaines Podugra- 
hd via, that is, Gout-woort:in Englifb, herbe Gerard, or wilde Mafterwoot, and in fome places after 
i Lyte, Afhweed, is very like the other in leaues,floures,and roots, fauing that they be {maller,crow- 
ing vpon long ftems : the roots tenderer,whiter,and not fothicke or tuberous. The whole plant 
- is of areafonable good fauour,but not fo ftrong as Mafterwoort. 
qq The Place. 
- Imperatoriagroweth in darke woods and defarts ; in my, Garden and fiundry others vety plenti- 
fully. 
Herbe Gerard groweth ofit felfe in gardens without fetting or fowing,and is fo fruitful in his 
increafe, that where it hath oncetaken root,it will hardly be gotten outagaine, {poiling and get- 
ting euery yeere more ground,to the annoying of better herbes. 4 
q| The Time. 
They floure from the beginning of Tune to the beginning of Auguft. 
q| The Names. 
Imperatoria,or Aftraatia,is called in Englifh, Mafterwoort,or baftard Pellitory of Spaine. 
Herba Gerardi is called in Englifh,Herb Gerard, Aifhweed,and Goutwoort:in Latine alfo Pods. 
Jap graria Germanic. 

: | ia ao . @ the Nature. 

a. Imperatoria,efpecially the root,is hot and dry in the third degree. The wilde Imperatoria,or herbe 
hy Pa Gerard,is almoft of the fame nature and quality,but not fo ftiong. 

1a Hay G TheVertues. 
| Imperatoria is not onely good againft all poifon, but alfo fingular againft all corrupt and naugh- 
ty aire and infeétion of the peftilence,ifit be drunken with wine. 

The roots and leaues ftamped, diffolue and cure pettilentiall carbuncles andbotches, and fuch 
other apoftumations and fivellings,being applied thereto, 

The root drunke in wine cureth the extreme and rigorous cold fits ofagues, and is good againft 
the dropfie, and prouoketh fwear. 

The fame taken in manneraforefaid,comforteth and ftrengthneth the ftamack,helpeth digefti- 
on,reftoreth appetite,and diffoluettvall ventofities or windineffe of the ftomacke and other parts. 

It greatly helpeth fuchas haue taken great fquats,brufes, or falls from fome high place,diffol- 
uing and feattering abroad congealed and clotted bloud within the body:the root with his leaues 
ftamped and laid ypon the members infeed, cureth the bitings of mad dogs, and of all otherve- 
nomous beafts. . 

Herbe Gerard with his roots ftampecl, and laid ypon members that are troubled or vexed with 
the gout, fwageth the paine,and taketh away the fwellings and inflammation thereof,which occa- 
fioned the Germaines to giue it the namie Podagraria, becaufe of his vertues in curing the gout. 

It cureth alfothe Hemorrhoids, if the fundament be bathed with the decoétion of the leaues 
ij and roots, and the foft and tender fodden herbes laid thereon very hot. 

j H_  Falfe’Pellitory of Spaine attenuateth or maketh thin, digefteth, prouoketh fweate and vtine, 

eh concoéteth groffe and colde humors, wafteth away windineffe of the entrailes, ftomacke and ma- 
| trix: itis good againft the collicke and fone. 

i I Onedram of the root in pouder giuen, certaine daies together, is a remedy for them that haue 

: 

§ 

| 


lea] SP OW ie) ee 


Les} 


ep) 


the dropfic, and alfo for thofe that are troubled with convulfions, cramps, and the falling ficke- 
neffe. 


: 1 K Being giuen with wine before the fit come, itcureth the quartaineague,and is a remedy againft 
18 a peftilent difeafes, 
L The {ame boiled in fharpe or fowerw ine,eafeth the tooth-ach,if the mouth bewafhed therewith 
very hot. 
M__ Being chewed itdraweth forth water and flegme out of the mouth(which kinde of remedies 
in Latine are called 4pophlegmatifimi) a nd disburdeneth the braine of phlegmaticke humours, and 
are likewife vied with good fucceffé in apoplexies,drow fie fleepes, and other like infirmities. 


sect Eee 


Crap. 


wen 


Lrs, 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 003 


Cuar. 3809. 
Of Hercules Wound-wort, or eAlL-beale. 


q The Kindes. 


Anax is of fundty kindes, as witnefleth Theophraftus in his ninth booke ; ore groweth in Syria, 
and likewife other three, that is to fay, Chironinm, Heraclium, and eAfeulapinm , or Chirons All- 
heale, Hercules All-heale, and e4;/culapius All-heale. Befides thefe there is one Platyphyllon,or i 


‘oad 
leafed ; fo that in Theophraftus thete are fix kindes of Panax : but Diofcorides deferibeth only three, 
Horaslenm, Afclepium, and Chironium : whercunto we haue added another fort, whofe vertues wee 
found out by meanes ofa husbandman, and for that caufe haue named it Panax‘Coloni, or Clownes 
Wort. 


1 Panax Heracleum; 2 Panax Heraclum maius. 
_ Hercules All-heale. 6 he Hercules great WV ound-wort. 
reyiln— Oo pon An. + ze 


@ The Defeription. 


t Ereules AlLhealédt Woundvort hath many broad leaues fread ypon the ground, 
very rough and haity, of an ouerworné greene colour,and deepely cut into divers {e- 
~ &ions like thofe ofthe Cow Parfenep,and not vnlike to the fig leates :among the 
which rifeth vp a very ftrong ftalke couered over witha rough hairineffe, of the height of foure or 
fiue cubits. Being wounded it yeeldeth forth a yellow gummic tice, as doth cuety part of the 
plant, which is that precious eum called Opopanax ‘at the top of which ftalks ftand great tufts ot 
vibels of yellowith floures, fet together in fpoky rundles like thofe of Dill, which turn into feed 
ofa ftraw colour, fharpe and hot in tafte, and of a pleafing fauour: theroot is very thicke, fat, and 
fullof iuyce, and ofawhite colour. ahaa : 
2 Thegreat Woundtwort, which the Venetians noari(h 17 their gardens, hath grert large 
leaues fomeivhatrou oh or hairie, coafifting of diners {mall Jeaues fet together vpona middle rib, 
which make one entire leafe ioyned tozetiler in ohe, whereofeach co’laterall or fide leafe 1s long 


} pis 5 
Pppp 2 and 


prea ey ee - . ee — | 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. hao 
and fharpe pointed: among which rifeth vp a knotty ftalke three 03 foure cubits hi 
felfe into diuers branches , on the tops whereof do grow {pokie tufts orrundl¢s 
but the floures are commonly white: the feed is Hat and'plaine : the root long 


which being broken or wounded, yeeldeth forth liquor like that of the former 
tafte. 


gh, dinic ing it 
like ike precedent, 
,thicke, and white, 
,of ahotand biting 


q The Place. 

Thefe plants grow in Syria; the firft of them alfo in my garden: but what Panax of Syria is, 
Theophraftus doth not expreffes Pliny in his 2 booke, Chap. 26. faith, thatthe leaues are round, 
and of a great compa fle: but it is fufpected that thefe are drawne from the defcription of Hercu- 
les Panax. Gre : 

Broad leafed Panax is thought to be the great Centory : for Pliny witneflech, thar P 
Chiron found out is fyrnamed Centaurium,Centorie, boa 

Matthiolus faith it growes ofit felfe in the tops of the hills Apennini, in the Cape Argentaria, 
in the fea coafts of Siena, and it is cherifhed in the gardens of {taly :but he cannot aifirme, That 
the liquor hefeof is gathered in Italy ; for the liquor Opopanax which is fold in Venice is broughr, 
faith he, out of Alexandria acity in Egypt : it groweth alfo in Syria, Bocetia, and in Phocide,ci- 
tiesof Arcadia, 


anax which 


gq) The Time. 
They floure and flourifh from the firft of May vnto the end of September, 
mq The Names, 
That which is is called rm. in Greeke, is likewifenamed Pandx in Latine : and th 
“which Déofiorides {etteth downe is called in Latine, Panax Heracul, 
rcules Panax : it may be called in Englith, Hercules his WWound-wort 
ax wort,of the Greeke name, 


at Panax He- 
wim, OY Herenleum , or 


or All-heale,or Opopa- 


©} The Temperature. 
The barke of the root of Hercules Wound-wort is hot and dry, yet leffe than the iuyce, as Galen 
teacheth., 
@ The Vertues, 
The feed beat to pouder and drunke in Wormwood wine is good againft poyfon, the biting of 
mad dogs,and the ftinging of all manner of venomous beafts. 
The leafe or root {tamped with honey, and brought to the forme of an Vnguent or Salue, cu- 


reth wounds and vicers of great difficultie, and couereth bones that are bare or naked without 
fleth. 


Cuar. 390. Of (lownes Wound-wort or eAll heale. 


| The Defcription. 
Lownes All-heale, or the Husbandmans Wound-wort,hath Jong flender {quate ftalks of the 
height of two cubits, furrowed or chamfered along the fame as it were with {mall gutters, 
and fomewhat rough or hairy :whereuponare fet by couples one oppofite to another, Jon , 
rough leaves fomewhat narrow, bluntly indented about the edges like the teeth of a faw , of the” 
forme of the leaues of Speare-mint, and of an cuerworne greene colour :at the top of the ftalkes _ 
grow the floures {pike fafhion, ofa purple colour mixed with fome few {pots of white, in forme 
like to little hoods. The root confifterh of many fimall threddy ftrings, whereunto are annexed or 
tied diuers knobby or tuberous lumpes, ofa white colour tending to yellowneffe : all the whole 
plant is ofan ynpleafant fauour like Stachys or ftinking Hore-hound, + Therootin the Winter 
time and the beginning of the Spring is fomewhat knobby tuberous, and ioynted,which after the 
ftalkes grow vp become flaccide and hollow, and fo the old ones decay, and then ir putteth forth 
Mew Ones, + 
The Place, 

It growcth in moift medowes by the fide’ of ditches, and likewife in fertile flelds that are fom- 
what moift, almoit euery where ; efpecially in Kent about South-fleet, neere to Grauefend, and 
likewife in the medowes by Lambeth neere London. 

q| The Time, 
It floureth in Auguift, and bringeth his feed to perfection in the end of September. 
" The Names. . 


That which hath bin faid iu the defeription fhall futlice touching the names, as well in Latine 


asEnglith. 
+  “Ehis 


Lis 2. . Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Bas 


Panax Coloni. $ This plant by Gofner Was calicd Stachys 
Clownes All-heale, _ "4 paluftris, and Betonicafietids, and thonshttobe 
Coss pags ofthekinde of Herba Iudaica, or § leritis s to 


PS : which indeed I (Houfdjand halen 
red it, calling it Siderstis 1. rants odoris. Cafal- 
pinus calls it Tertiola; and giues this réafon, 
quod Tertianas fanct, becaule itcures Tertians, 
Labernamontan. called it StachySaquatica whole 
figurewitha deferiptionour Aurhour in the 
former edition gaue,par. 565. by the name of 
Marrubium aquaticum acntum’s yer (as it {ec- 
meth either not knowing, or forgerting what 


. t=) . 
forth asa new thing, vnder another title: but 


the former figure of Taber#. being inmy inds- 
ment the better, I haue here giuen you, with 
addition of the iointed tuberous roots as they 
are in Winter: yet by the Caruers fault they 
are not altogether fo exquifitely expreft as I 
intended... + 

| The Temperature, 

This plant is hot in the fecond degree, and 
dry in the firft. f 
a The Vertues, 

The leaues hereof ftamped with 4xvngiaor 
hogs greafe, and applied ynto greene wounds 
in manner ofa pultefle, healeth them in fhort 
time, and in fuch abfolute manner, that it is 
hard for any that hauenot had the experience 
thereofto beleeue : for being in Kent about a 


Patient, it chanced that a poore man in mowing of Peafon did cut his leg witha fithe, wherein he 
‘made a wound tothe bones,and withall very large and wide,and alfo with great effulion of bloud ; 
the poore man crept vnto this herbe, which he bruifed with his hands, and tied a great quantity of 
it vnto the wound with a piece of his fhirt, which prefently ftanched the bleeding, and ceafed the 
paine,infomuch that the poore man prefently went to his dayes worke againe,and fo did trom day 
to day, without refting one day vntill hewas perfectly whole; which was accomplithed in a few 
dayes, by this herbe ftamped with a little hogs greafe, and fo laid vpon in manner of a pulteffe, 
which did as it were glew or foder the lips of the wound together, and heale it according to the 
firft intention, as we terme it, that is, without drawing or bringing the wound to fuppuration or 
_ matter, which was fully performed in feuen dayes,that would haue required forty dayes with bal. 
fam it felfe. I faw the wound, and offered to heale the fame for charitie ; which he refufed,faying 
that I could not heale it fu well as him(felfe : a clownifh anfiver I confeffewithout any thankes for 
my goodwill! ; whereupon I haue named it Clownes Wound-wort, as aforefaid. Since which 
time my felfe haue cured many grieuous wounds, and fome mortall, with the fame herbe; one for 
example done vpon'a Gentleman of Grayes Inne in Holborne, M'. Edmund Cartwright , who was 
thruft into the lungs, the wound entring in at the lower part of the Tiaras, or the breft-blade,cuen 
through that cartilaginous fubftance called Mucronata Cartilago, infomuch that from day to day 
the frothing and puffing of the lungs did {pew forth of the wound fuch excrements as it was pot 
feffed of, befides the Gentleman was moft dangeroufly vexed with a double quotidian fetter ; 
whom by Gods permiffion I perfe@ly cured invery fhort time,and with this Clownes experi. 
ment,andfome of my forcknowne helpes, which were as fallowerh. 
Firft I framed a flight vnguent hereof thus: I tooke foure handfulls of the herbe famped, and 
put them intoa pan, whereunto I added foure ounces of Barrowes greafe,halfea pinte of oyle O- 
liue, wax three ounces, which I boyled ynto the coafumption ofthe tuyce (which $5 known when 
the fuffedorh not bubble at all) then did I ftraine it, putting itro the fire againe,adding thereto 
two ounces of Turpentine, the which I fuffered to boylea liccle, referuing the fame for my vie, 

The which I warmed ina fawcer, dipping therein fmall fort tents, which [ put into the wound, 
adioyning witha plaifter of Calcitheos relented with oyle of rofesiwhich man- 
| nerof dreffing and preferning f vied cuen vatill che wound was perfectly whole : notwith{tanding 

once ina day [ gauz him two {psonfulls of this paises follo ving: - aiaee ‘ aes 
Trookea quart of good Claret Wine, wherein ¢ boyled an handiull ofthe leaues of | igo 
Pppp 3 Saracenict, 


| defending the parts 


he had formerly done,he here againe fettethit . 


A 


B 


ae 


E 


1906 


— Of theHiftoryof Plans. Lamas 


Sarace#ica,and Saracens Confound, or foure ounces of honey, whereof. I gaue him in the mornings 
two {poonfulls to drinke in afmall draught of wine tempered witha little Sugar. ; 

Inlike manner I cured a Shoo-makers feruant in Holburne,who intended to deftroy himfelfe 
for caufes knowne ynto many now liuiug : but I deemed it better to couer the fault, than to put the 
fame in print, which might moue fucha graceleffe fellow to attempt the like : his attempt was 
thus ; Firft, he gaue himfelfe a molt mortall wound in the throat, in fuch fort; that when T gaue 
him drinke it came forth at the wound, which likewife did blow ont the candle : anothe? deep and 
grieulous wound in the breft with the faid dagger, and alfo two others in Abdomine or the nether 
belly, fo that the Zirbus or fat, commonly called the caule,iffued forthwith the guts likewife : the 
which mortall wounds, by Gods permiffion, and the vertues of this herbe, I perfe&ly cured within 
twenty dayes : for the which the name of God be praifed. 


Cuar.391. Of Magydare, or Lafer-wort. 


+ Laferpitinm, q The Defiviption, 
Lafer-wort. 


T feemeth that neither Déofterides nor yet 

| Theophraftus haue euer feene Laferpitinm, 
Sagapenum , ox any other of the gummife- 

rous roots, but haue barely and nakedly fer 
downe thgir iudgments vpon the fame, either. 
by heare-fay , or by reading of other mens 
Workes. Now then feeing theold Writers 
be vnperfe& herein, itbchooueth vs in this 
cafe tofearch with more diligence the truth 
hereof; and the racher, for that very few haue 
fet forth the true defeription of that Plant 
which is called.L/érpitinm,that is indeed the 
true Laferpitium, trom, the roots whereof flow — 
that fap orliquor called Lafér. This plantas 
Pena and Lobe! themfelucs fay, was found out - 
not far from the Ifleswhich Diofcorides calls 
Steechades,ouer againft Maffilia,among fun- 
dry other rare plants. His ttalke is greatand 
thicke like Ferula , or Fennell gyant: The 
leaues are like vnto the cafmon Smallage, 
and of an vnpleafant fauour. The floures grow — 
at the top of the ftalkes, tuft-fathion like Fe- 
: rula or Fennell : which being paft, there fuc- © 
ceed broad and flat feeds like Angelica, ofa good fauour, and of the colour of Box. The roots are 
many, comming from one head or chiefe root, and are couered ouerwith a thickeandfatbarke, 
Thefe roots and ftalkes being fcarified or cut, there floweth ourofthema ftrong liquor,which be- 
ing dried is very medicinable, and is called Zafer. 


G] The Place. 


There be fundry forts of Lafer, flowing ftom the roots and ftalkes of Laferpitium,the goodneffe 
or qualitic whereof varieth according tothe countrey or clymate wherein the plant groweth. For 
the beft sroweth vpon the high mountaines of Cyrene and Africa, and is of a pleafant fmell :ia 
Syria alfo, Media, Armenia, and Lybia the liquour of which plant growing in thefe places is 
ofa moft {trong and deteftablefanour. Lobel reporteth, that Iacobus Rainandus an Aporhecarie of 
Maffilia was the firft that made it knowne,or bronght the plants thereofto Montpellier in France, 
vnto the learned Rondeletins, who tight well beholding the fame, concluded, that of all the Kindes 
of Ferula that he had euer fegne, there was not any foanfwerable vnto the true Laferpitium as this 
onely plant. 

q The Time. 


This Plant floureth in Montpellier about Midfommer. 
q The 


Lia, Of ithe Hiftory of Plants: 


1607 


“ . “y The Names. bis : 
) _ Itiscalled in Latine Laférpitivm :in Englifh,Laferwoort, and Mapydare: the gum or liquour 
that iffteth out of the fame is-called Lafey,but that whichis gatheréd ftom rhofe plants thar doe 
grow in Media and Syria,is called 4/1 fetida, ; 


| The Nature, , 
Laferpitinm,elpecially the root; is hot and‘drie in the third degree : Lafér is al{o hot and drie in 
thethird degree, but ic exeeedeth mich’ the heate of the leaues, ftalkes, and rootes of Laferpin 
| tum, 
| @ The Vertues. ; 
| The root of La/erpitivm welltpounded, or ftamped with oile, feattereth clotted bloud, taketha- 
} way blacke and blew markes thareome of bruifes or ftripes,cureth and diffolueth the Kin gs-cuill, 
} and all hard fivellings and botches;the places being annointed or plaiftered therewith, 
The fame root made into’ plaifter with the oile of Ireos and wax, doth both affivageand cure 
| the Seiarica, or gout of the hipor huckle bone. 
The fame holden inthe mouth and cheweéd,doth affwage the tooth-ache; for they are fuch roots 
as draw from the braine a great quantite of humors, 
The liquour or gumr-of Laftpitium, efpecially the Lafér of Cyrene broken and diffolued in wa- 
j ter and drunken, ‘taketh away the hoat{enefle that commeth fuddenly :and being fupt vp witha 
j feare-egge, cureth the cough : and takenwith fome good broth or {upping,is good againft an old 
pletrrifie. ; : 
| * -Lafer cureth the iaundies and dropfie,taken with dried figs :alfobeing taken in the quantitie of 
a {cruple,with a little pepperand Myrthe,is'very good againft fhrinking of finewes, and members 
out of joint. 
The fame taken with honieand vineger,or the fj ytrup of vineger,is very good againft the falling 
fickneffe. 
Itis good againgt the flux of the belly comming of the debilitie and weakneffe of the ftomacke 
(called in LatineCelliacus morbus) ifit be rakenwith raifons of the Sun. 
| Itdriueth away the fhakings and fhiuerings of agues, being drunke with wine, pepper. & white 
Frankincenfe. Alfo there is made an ele@uarie thereof called Antidotus exfucco Cyrenatco, which is 
| 4 fingularmedicine againft feuer quartaines. . 
Itis excellentagainftthe bitings of all venomous beafts,and venomous fhot of darts or artowes, 
| not Onely taken inwardly,but alfo applied outwardly vpon wounds. 
It bringeth to maturation,and breakethall peftilentiall impofthumes,botches and carbuneles, 
being applied thereto with Rue,Salt-peter, and honie: after the fame manner it taketh away,corns 
| after they haue been fearified witha knife. ; 
Being laied to with Copperas and Verdigreafe, it taketh away.all fuperfluous outgrowings of 
the flefh,the Polypus that happeneth in the nofe,and all fcuruie mangineffe. 
Ifitbe applied with vinegerjpepper and wine, it cureth the naughtie {curfe ofthe head, and fal- 
ling off of the haire. ; 
The gum or liquour of Laftrpitivm which groweth in Armenia, Lybia,and fundry other places,is 
that ftinking and lothfome gum.called of the Arabian Phyfitions -4/aand A/a, as alfowithvs in 
| Shoppes *Afafeetida : but the Laférpitivm growing in Cyrene is the beft,and ofa reafonable pleafant 
| imell,and is called Lafer to diftinguith and make difference betweene the two iuices;though 4fa 
| fetidabe good for all purpofes aforefaid,yer is it not fo good as Lafer of Cyrene: it is good alfo to 


{mell ynto,and tobe applied vnto the nauels of women vexed with the choking, or rifing of themo- 
| ther. 


T . Thar figure which formerly was in this place, was of the cotinion Lovage deferibed in the fullowing chapter. 


A 


Cuar.392. Of common Lonage. 


@ The Defcription, 


Ntient writers haue added vnto this common kinde of Louage,a fecond fort, yee knowing 

A that the plant fo fuppofed is the true Si/er montanum, and not Leuifticum, though others have 

__ , alfo deemed it Laférpitium. Thefetwo fuppolitions are eafily anfwered,fith they bee fundrie. 

| kindes of plants, though they be very neere in fhape and faculties ane vato another. This ey 
eng? 


EB 


c 


1008 


Ofthe Hittorie of Plants, 


+ Leuifticum vulgare. 
Common Louage. 


Lis.2. 


being our common garden Lovage,hath large 
and broad leaues,almoft like to fmallage. The 
ftalks are round,hollew and 'knottie, 2.cubits 
high,hauing fpoky tufts,or bufhy rundles,and 
at the top of the ftalks of a yellow colour, a 
round, flat, and browne feed like the feede of 
Angelica : the root is long and thicke, and 
bringeth forth eucry yeare new flems. 


gy The Place. 
The right Bens/ticn or Louage groweth in 
fundry gardens,and not wild(as faras I know) 
in England. 
q The Time. 
Louage floureth moft commonly in July 
and Auguft. 


G The Names. 

It is called in Latine Leniflicum » and by 
fome, Ligu/ticum ; of other fome, Siler monta- 
num but not truly: in High Dutch, 1ibfocs 
Belg in French, Linifche: inLow Dutch, Las 
etfe ; in Englifh,Louage, 


The Nature, 

This plant is hot and drie in the third de. 
gree. 

@ The Vertues,’ 

The roots of Louage are very good forall 
inward difeafes, driuing away ventofities or 
windinefle, efpecially of the flomacke. 

T he feed thereof warmeth the ftomack,bel- 


pethr digeftion,wherefore the people of Gennes in times paft did vie it in their meates, as wee doe 
pepper,according to the teftimonie of Ant. cH ufa. 


The Sourewhich was here gaz ofthe Siler wORERKM, oF Seali Off isinsrum. 


The dittilled warer of Louage cleareth the fi 
redneffe of the face, 


ght, and purteth away all fpots, lentils, freckles,and 
ifthey be often wafhed therewith, 


Cuar. 393. Of Cow Parfnep. 


G The Defription. 


His plant Sphondylinm groweth in all Countries,and is knowne by the name of wilde Parfnep 
or Sphondylium,whereunto it effe@tually anfwereth,both in his grieuous and ranke favour, 


as.alfo in the likeneffe of the roor, w 
CAcasthys, but vnerul 
wilde Parfnep,o 


and ofan ouerworne greene col 
the root is like to Henbane: th 
the right Acanthixm not onely 


This plant groweth 
of England,or e 


Sphendylivm floureth in lune and Tuly. 


ereupon it was called Sphondylium ; and of the Germanes, 
y :the leaues of this plant are long and large, not much vnlike the leaves of 
or Panax Heracteum ;deepely notched or cut about the edges like the teeth of a faw, 
our.The floures grow in tufts or rundles, like vntowilde Parfneps: 
is herbe in each part thereof hath an euill fauour,and differeth from 
in faculties,but even in all other things. 

The Place. 
in fertile moift medowes,and feeding paftures, very commonly ina II parts 
Ifewhere, in fuch places as I haue trauelled. 
@ The Time, 


The Names. 


It is called in Greek zona: in Latine likewife Sphondylinm,the in fhops of High and Low Ger- 


manic 


Linz Of the Hiftory of Plants. 468 Re 


many Branca vrfiaawho vnaduifedly in times 


+ Sphondylinm. paft haue yfed it in cly {ters )-in ftead of 

Cow Parfnep. Brancke Vrfine, and thereupon hatie named 
Heraclerenre 9 falewadry Comm it Bernclaw: in Englith, Cow Partnep,me- 
(lervac a i 


dow Parf{nep,and Madnep. 
The Nature. 
Cow Parfnep is of a manifett watm com - 
plexion. 


q The Vertues. 

The leaues of this plantdo confume and A 
diffolue cold fwellings if they be bruifed 
and applied thereto. 

The people of Polonia and Lituania vf B 
tomakedrinke with the decoétion of this 
herbe,and leven or fome other thing made of 
mealewhich is vfed in ftead of beere ando- 
ther ordinarie drinke. 

The feede of Cow parfnep drunken, fcou- C 
reth out flegmaticke matter through the 
guts,it healeth the iaundice,the falling fick- 
neffé,the ftrangling of the mother,and them 
thatare fhort winded. 

Alfo if aman be falne into a dead fleepe, D 

Ora fwoy ne,the fume of the feed willwaken 
imaga.né, 
Ifa p hrenticke or melancholicke mans 
head bee annointed with oile wherein the 
Teaues and roots haue beene fodden, ithel- 
peth him yery much,and fuch as be troubled 
with the head-ache and the lethargie,or fick. 
neffe called the forgetfull euill, 


The figure formerly was ofthe Paflinata {ylueftris, or Elaphobofeum of Tabernamontanis, and the figure that fhould haue beene here was afterwards vnder ther’ 


my Of Hipprfelinkm. 


Cuar. 394. Of Herbe Frankincen/e. 


G The Defcriptions 


1 T Bete hath beene fromi the beginning divers plants of fundry kindes, which men haue 
termed by this glorious name Libanotis,onely in refpect of the excellens and fragrance 
{mellwhich they hatie yeelded vnto the fences of man,fomewhat refembling Frankir me « The 
| fent and {mell Diofcorides doth afcribe to the root of this fir ft kinde; Which bringeth fortha long 
| ftalk with ioints like Fenhell,whereon grow leaues almoft like eeetiior Se that 
| they be greater,broader,and thicker : at the top ofthe ftalkes grow fpokie ta(fels bearing wi. nitith 
| foures which do tune into {weet fmelling {eed,fomewhat flat,and almoft like the (ced of Anigeli- 
¢a. The root is blacke without,and white within,hairie aboue, atthe arcing, of the root dnd ftalke 
like vnto Meum Or Peucedanum, and {auoreth like vito Rofine,or Frankincenfe, 

2 The fecond kinde of Libanotis hath alfoa ftraight ftalke,full of knots and ioints: the feavies 
are like vnto Smallage : the floures grow in taffels like vnto the former, and bring forth great, long 
and vmeuen feed of a fharpe tafte : the root is like the former,and fo is the whole plant very likesh ur 
| - The third kinde of Libanots differeth fomewhat from the others in formeand (hape, yer it 
-agreeth with them in fmell,which in fome (ort is like Frankinfence: the leaues ate whiter, longer, 
-and rougher than the leaues of Smallage: the ftalks do grow to the height of two cuibits, bearing 
-at the top the fpokie tufts of Dill, fomewhat yel low : thé root is like the former, but thicker, nei- 
itherwanteth it hairie taffels at the top of the root ; which the others alfohaae, before rehearfed, 


ao cane 


a 


{OO Of the Biftenisde Plants.» La pez. 


L Libanotas Theophrafti maior. 2 Libanotis Theophrafti minor, 
Great herbe Frankinfence, 


2 at ig ade : 4, 'Libanotis Galeni,Cachrys vevitre 
Blacke herbe Frankinience, Rofemarie Frankincenfe. 


if ROTTS Daas 
ae MQW) 


| Lis.2. ~ OF the Hiftory of Plants: 


Lot 


4 Icannot finde amongallthe plants called Lzbanotides, any. onemoreagrecableto the true 
and right Libanotés of Diofcorides than this herbe,which arifeth vp to the height of fiue or fix cubirs 
with the cleere fhining ftalks.of Ferul/a ; dividing it felfe from his knottie ioints into fundryarms 
or branches, fet full of leaues like Fennell,but thicker and bigger, and fatter than the leaues of Co- 
tula fetida,of a grayith greene colour,bearing at the top of the ftalks the tufts of Fer#/a,or rather of 
\Carrots,full of yellow floures:which being paft there fucceedeth long flat feed like the {ced of the 
Ahh tree,fmelling like Rofin,or Frankincenfe,which being chewed filleth the mouth with the tafk 
of Frankincenfe,but fharper : all the reft of the plant is tender,and fomewhat hoe, but not ynplea- 
fant :the plant is like vnto Feru/a,and aboundeth with milkeas Ferwla doth, ofateafonable good 
fauour. f 
q The Place. > 
Lhaue the two laft kindes growing in my gasden, the firftand fecond grow vponthehigh De 
ferts and mountaines of Germanie. 
a The Time, 
Thefe herbs do floure in Iuly and Augutt. 
‘ q The Names. 

This herbe is called in Grecke oa, becaufe their roots do {mell like incenfe which is cal- 
led in Greeke weer : in Latine,Rofmarinus ; the firft may be Englifhed great Frankincenfe Rofe- 
marie; the fecond fmall Frankineenfe Rofemarie; M'. Zitecalleth the third in Englith, blacke 
Hart-root, the fourth white Hart-root : the feed is called Cachrys or Canchrys. 

| The Nature. ; 

Thefe herbes with their feeds and roots are hot and drie in the fecond degree, and are of a disc 

fting diffoluing,and mundifying qualitie. 
; q The Vertucs. é: 

The leaues of Libanotis pounded, ftoppe the fluxe of the Hemorrhoides or piles,and fepple ct 
fwellings and inflammations of the fundament called Condilomata, concoé the fwellings of th 
throat called Strunfyand ripen botches that will hardly bee brought to fuppuration or to ripe 
neffe. 

The iuice of the leaues and roots mixed with honie,and put into the eies,doth quicken the fighr, 
_and cleereth the dimneffe of the fame. 

The feed mingled with honie,doth fcoure and clenfe rotten ylcers, and being applied vntocold 
and hard fwellings confumeth and wafteth them, 

The leaues and roots boiled vntill they be foft, and mingled with the meale of Darnelland vi- 
neger,affwageth the paine of the gout,if they be applied thereto, 

Moreouer being receiued inwine and pepper,it helpeth the iaundice, and prouoketh {wear, and 
being put into oile and vfed as an ointment, it cureth ruptures alfo. 

It purgeth the difeafe called in Greeke e:in Latine,”#t7ligo,or Impetigo, that is,the white fpot- 
tines of the skin,chaps,or rifts in the palms of the hands and foles of the feet,and by your patienc: 
coufin german tothe {cab of Naples,tranfj ported or transferred into France,and prettily well fprir 
kled ouer our Northern coafts. 

When the feed of Lébanotis is putintoteceits, you muft vnderftand, that it is not meant of the 
feed of Cachris,becaufe it doth with his fharpeneffe exafperateor make rough the gullet ; for ir 
hatha very heating qualitie, and doth drie very vehemently,yea this feed being taken inwardly, or 

| the herbe it felfe,caufeth to purge vpward and downeward very vehemently. 


Crap. 395. Of Corianders. 


G The Defcription. 


I ape firft or common kinde of Coriander is avery ftinking herbe,fmelling like the ftin- 
king worme called in Latine Cimex : thatha round ftalke full of branches, two foot 

| long. The leaues are of a faint greene colour, very much cut or iagged : the leaueszhat grow low- 
eft, and {pring firft,arealmoft like the leaues of Cheruill or Parfley,but thofe which come forth af- 
| terwatd,and grow vpon the ftalks,are more iagged , almoft like the leauesof Fumitorie,though a 
great deale {maller,tenderer,and more iagged. The floures are white, and do grow in round taflels 
likevnto Dill. The feed is round,bollow within, and of a pleafant fentand fauour when it is drie, 
| The root is hard,and ofa wooddie fubftance,which dieth when the fruicis ripe, and fowerh it ppc 
fom 


4 
: 
“ 


ISI TE 


y 
aie 
un 
Fi alt 
, \ 
: te 
it | b 
| } 
AST: i 
ar i 
i 
i; 
, ‘ i 
: 


Saris 
q a ' 
ay 


pom. pilipiieaiaeeinnmatioeesiee 
= 


112 Of the Hifterie of Plants. Lie. 2. 


fiom yeare to yeare,whereby it mightily increafeth. 


3 Coriandrum + 2 Coriandrum alterum minus odorum. 
Baftard Coriander. 


Fsin ane 


A SS NS 

fF, \, USK tds 

Dips. on 
rics 


Ne] 


StI 
QS 
% 
ty 


S 
Sy 


2 There isa fecond kinde of Coriander very like vnto the former, fauing that the bottome 
feaues and ftalks are {maller:the fruit thereof is greater,and growing together by couples, it is NOE 
fo pleafant of fauour nolgafte,being a wilde kinde thereof, vnfit either;for meat or medicine. 

5 The Place, 
Coriander is fowne in fertile fieldsand sues and the firft doth come of it felfe from time te 
time in my garden, though I neuer fowed the fame but Once. 
«| The Time, : 
They floure in Iuneand Iuly, and deliuer their feed in theend of Auguft. 
| The Names. f 

The firft is called in Latine Coriandyum : in Englifh,Corianders. The fecond,Coriandrum alte 
rum,wilde Corianders, 

q] The Temperature. 

The greeneand ftinking leaues of Corianders are of complexion coldand dry,and very naught, 
vawholefome and hurtfull to the body. 

The drie and pleafant well {auowring feede iswarme, and very conuenient to fundrie purpofes. 

| The Vertues. 
A Coriander feed prepared and couered with fugar, as comfits, taken after meat clofeth vp the 
mouth of the ftomacke,ftaieth vomiting, and helpeth digeftion. 
B_ The fame parched or rofted,ordried inan ouen,and drunk with wine,killeth and bringeth forth 
wormes,ftoppeth the laske,and bloudy flix,and all other extraordinarie iffues of bloud, 


The manner how to prepare Coriander both for meat and medicine. 


Cc. Take the feed well and fufficiently dried,whereupon poure fomewine and vineger, and fo leaue 


them to infufe or feepe foure and twentie houres, then take them forth and drie them, and keepe 
them for your vfe. 


D The greene leaues of Coriander boiled with the crums of bread or barly meale, confumethall 
; het 


| D Last i Of the Hitory of Plants. ¥ _ 1013, 


hot fwellings and inflammations : and with Beane meale diffolucth the Kings eutliwwens;and hard 
lumpes, ? 

The juice of harge 
neger,and oile of Rofes,cureth §. Anthonies fire, and taketh away all inflammations what focuer, 


| poifoneth the body. i 
The feeds of Cotiander prepared with fugat, preuaile much againft the gout, raken in fome 
| {mall quantitie before dinner vpona fafting ftomacke, and after dinner the like without drinking 
i iciediarets after the fanie, er in thrée or foure koures. Alfo if the fame be taken after {upper it 
preuaileth the more,and hath more fuperiority ouer the difeate. 
Alfo if it be taken with meate fafting, it caufeth good digeftion,and fhutteth vpthe ftomacke, 
keepeth away fumes'from rifing vP out of the fame: it taketh away the founding in the eares, dri 
ethvp therheume, and eafeth the {quinancy. , 


| 


Cuar. 396. Of Parfley, 


Apinm hortenfe. i ik 
Garden Parley. @ The Defcription, 


i He leaues of garden Parfley ate of a 
beautiful greene,eonfifting of many 
little ones faftned together, diusded moft com- 
monly into three parts, and alfo {pipt round a. 
bout the edges: the ftalke is aboue one cubit 
high, flender,fomething chamfered, on the top 
whereof ftand {poked rundles, bringing forth 
very, fine little floures, and afterwards: {mall 
feeds fomewhat ofa fiery tafte:the root is long 
and white, and good to be eaten. 

2 Thereis another garden Parfley intafte 
and vertue like vnto the precedent: the onely 
difference is, that this plant bringech forth 
leaues vety admirably erifped or curled like 
fannes of curled feat whence it is called 
Apinm crifpum, fine multifidum , Curtd Parfley. 

+ 3  Thefeisalfo keptin fome gardens a- 
nother Parfley called Apinvm (ive Petroflinum 
Virginianum, ox Virginian Parfly,it hath leaves 
| EVA like the ordinary, but rounder,and of a yellow- 
vie A reeme ; ith greene colour, the ftalkes are fome three 

LANG S foot high,diuided into fundry branches where- 

on grow vmbels of whitith floures : the feeds 

are like, but larger than thofeof the common 

Parfley,and when they are tipe they commonly 
_ fow themfelues,and the old roots die, and the 

young ones beare feed the fecond yeere after 

there fowing. + 


G The Place. ‘ 
Te is fowne in beds in gardens ; it groweth both in hot and cold places; {o that the ground be 
sither by nature moift, or be oftentimes watered : for it profpereth in moift places, and 1s deligh- 
ited with water,and therefore it naturally commeth Vp neer€ to fountaines or {prings : Fuch/ius wri- 
‘eth thar it is found growing of it {elfe in diners fenny grounds in Geimany, 
@ The Time. 
It may be fowae betime, but it flowly conmmeth vp : it may oftentimes be dur and crovped : it 
bfingeth forthhisftalkes che fecoad yeere : the feeds be ripe in Tully or Auguht, 
@ The Names. 
Euery oneofthe Parfleyes is catled in Greeké ayes but this is Named, evry ame», that is to fay, 
ini. herten(s: the Apothecaries aadcom mon Herbaritts hameit Perofelianm « in hich Dutch, 


Qq94 qoterlilaen s 


the Jeaues mixed and laboured itva leaden mortar with Cerufe,L itharge of filu: rvis E 


The juice of the greene Coriandet Jeaues, taken in the quantitie of foure dragmes, killeth and 


— 


1014 > (OFA MAFEA Lame, 


4peterfilgen s in low Dutcl,Ceimen qetertelie im French, du Perfil a aint a Bec 
and Salfa: in Italian, Petrofelo : in Englith, Perfele, Parfely,comimon ’arfley, an oe arfley., 
Yeristit hor thetriie and right Petrofelinum which groweth among rockes dal theincsyih nereupon it t 
rooke his name,andwhercot the beit is!in Macedonia: therefore, they are deceived, ae 
thar garden Parfley doth not differ from {tone Parfley, and thdmthe ab ca te is, bai jae 
Garden Parfley is of leffe: force than the wilde ; for wilde oe ae more {trong dartipetatis 
onthan thofe of the garden. : a ise AB: " i. i ! | ' 
Garden Parfley is hot and dry, but the feed is morehotand:dry, which i hot inithe fecond dex. 
nd dry almoft in the third : the roat is-ylfo ofa moderate heate. soaps Aes) iseedl 
pee a @ The Pertues, } Tere 
The leaves ate’pleafant in fauces and broth,in which befides that they giuea arity taftesthey 
palo gr tear epg ano ouokeineic hn two ee 
do notably performe if they be boiled in broth: they be alfo delightful to the tafte,and agreea e: 
to Dee ae profitable for medicine; they make thinne,open, prouoke Halsetoe o the > 
ftone, breake and wafte away winde, are good) for fuch as haué the.dropfie,draw « ai menfes, I 
eoacee the birth,and after-birth : they be commended alfo againft the cough,if they be mixed | 
or boiled with medicines made for that purpofe: laftly they refitt poifons,and therefore aresmixed | 
i a t . , 
aE a or ‘the feeds of any of them boiled im ale and drunken,cakt forth {trong venome or 
poifon, but the feed 1s the ftrongeft part of the herbe. ae 
"They arealfo'good tobe put intoclyfters againft the ftone or torments of the guts. 


Cuar.367- Of water Parfley, or Sinallage. 
« oy: Wrong) x ds ” $e i 
Pele ein kin DAE 
U Blain Ur Sa Sp Crk 7 = ' 


ty 


Ray MUNI aee Sea, 
eins SA iNVe Wiis 


Mallage hath greene fmooth and glittering 
S Jeaues,cut into'yery many parcels,yet grea. 
ter and broader than rhofe of common Par.’ 
VW, fley : the ftalkes be chamfered and dinided into: 
AN branches,on the tops whereof ftand little white: 
Pa -  floures ; after which. doe grow feeds fomething : 
iG Jleffer than thofe of common Parfley : the roote ; 
is faftened with many f{trings, 
@ The Place. ° 
This kinde of Parfley delighteth.to grow im} 
moift places, and is brought from thence into! 
gardens ..+ It ‘growes wilde abundantly vpo 
the bankes in-the falt marfhes of Kent and E 
fox ; 
‘gq The Tie. - 
It flourithes when the garden ‘Parfley doth, | 
and the ftatke likewife commeth vp the next: 
yeere after it is fowne,and then alfoirbringeth | 
forth feeds which are ripe in July and Aucuf. 
q The Names, e 
Ivis@alled in Greeke nactine oF Gazd,Paluda-. 
piwm@ sin hops, Apinm,abfolately withont any 
$c addition : in Larine, Paluftre Apium, and Apjum: 
\ Kiam rufticum:inhigh Dutch, Epftichtin low Dutch, | 
MAN fe €ppe,and of diuers Fouroutomerck : in Spa-: 
FANS nifhand Italian, Apio: in French, de L'ache : ini 
Englith,Smallage,Marth Parfley,or watet Par- | 
ey: F 
q The Pacha : 
This Parfley is like in temperature and -vertuesto that of the gatden,but it is bor 


it 7 


h hottef and 1 
drier,: 


Lape2. Of the Hittorie of Plants, ee Tr 


drier, and of more force in moft things: this is feldome eaten,neither is it counted good for 
fauce,but it is very profitable for medicine. - 
The Vertues. 

The juice thereofis good for many things, ir clenfeth, opencth,.attcauateth or maketh thin-it A 
remooueth obftructicns, and prouokerh vrine, and therefore thole fyrrups whieh haue this mixed 
with them,as that which is called Syrupus Bizautinws, openthe ftoppings of the liner and fplcene, 
and area remedy for long laftingagues, whether they, betertians or quartainsjand all other which 
proceed both of a cold caufeahd.alfoiof! obftructions or toppings, and are very. good again ft the 
yellow jaundife. ‘ 

Thefame juice doth perfeétly cure themalicious, and yenomouswlcers of themouth,and.ofthe B 
almonds of the throat with the decoétion of Barly and Atel Rofarim,or hony of Roles added, if the 
parts be wathed therewith <irlikewife helpedaall outward vicers and foule wounds; with hony rt 
is profitable alfo for cankers exiilceratedsifor although it cannot cure them, yetit doth keep, them 
fiom putrifationand preferueth them from ftinking : the {eed is good forthole things for which 
that of the Garden Parfley is: yet is not the vfe thereof {0 fafe, for it hurteth thofe thar are trons 
bled with the falling fickenefle, as by euident proofes itis very well knowne, 2. 

Smallage, as Pliny writethy hatha pectiliar vertue againft the biting of venomous fpiders: C 

The juice of Smallage mixed with hony and beane floure, doth make an exécllentimundifica- L 
tive for old vicers and malignant ores, and ftaieth alfo the weeping of the cut or hurt finewes in 


fimple members,which are nor very farty or flefhie, and bringeth the fame-to perfect digeftions 
The leaues boiled in hogs grca, and made into the forme of a pultis, take away the paine of F 
‘ 4 


? 


felons and whitlowes in the fingers,and ripsh andhealé them, QQF 1 


W 


Cap. 398. Of Mountaine Parfley. 


T Orcofelinum, ; ite 
Mountaine Parfley,  * * W]. The Defeription. 


. pers ftalkeof mountaineParfley, 4s. Dio/zori- 
des writeth;is a {pan high, growing from a 
flender root svponwhich are branclies and Jittle 
heads like thofe of Hemilock,yet much flenderer: 
onwhicheftalkes do grow the feed, which is long, 
ofa tharpe or biting tafte,flender, and ofa ftrong 
fmell, like vato Cuniin: but wean not find thar 
this kinde of MOuntaine Parfley is knowne in 
our age : the leaues of thiswe here giueare like 
thofe of common, parfley, but greater and broa- 
der, confifting oPmany {lender footftalkes fafte- 
ned vnto them ; the ftalke is fhost, the floures on 
the {poked tufts bé white; the feed final! ‘the 
root is white, and-ofa meane Iength or bigneffe, 
in tafte fomewhat biting and bitrerifh,and of 4 
fiveet fmell. ; 5I 
@| The Places =e 
+ Disfcorides writeth, that mountainé Parfley 
groweth vpon rockes. and mountaines. AndDo- 
doneus attitmeth that this herbe deferibed growes 
onthe hills whieh divide Silefia from Morauia, 
calledin times paft the counntrey of the Marco- 
mans: alfoit is faid tobe found on orlier moun « 
= taines and-hills in the North parts of England. 


; q The Names. 
The Grecians doe name it of the mountaines 
~ & 2 wi jponiyai, Which the Latines ,alfo. for thar cae doe 
call Udpinm cmontanum,and Mostapinm sin Englith, mountaine,Pariley: in Latine, spam - hac 


i mpul 
DD» (rly, 


S QP. : y 


 Diofeorides maketh ‘Petrofélidumm-or {tone Parfley to differ frommountuinc Parfley 5 fo: faizh he, , 


4 


Qqqd9 2 We 


“4016 ee Se ieee Hiftorie of Plants. 


Law p.2. 


we muft not be deceiued,taking mountaine Parfley tobe that which groweth onrockes :forrocke 

Parfley is another plant,of fome it is cal led, Geelguetas in Latine,Aultikowa, (in Englith, much 

good: ) for itis fonamed becaufe it is good,and profitable for many things :and this is not alto- 

gether vnproperly termed Orcofelinum, or Mountaine Parfley § for it groweth, as’ we hanefaid on 
mountaines,and is not vnlike to ftone Parfley : the feed is not like torbat of Cumin, forafitwere 
fo;who would deny it to be Oreofelinum,or Diofcorides his mounitaine Parfley, 

W The Temperature and Vertues. 

A Oreofelinum, ox mountaine Parfley is,as Galen faith, like in faculty vato Smallage, but more effc- 
Guall ; Dioftorides writeth that the feed and root being drunke in wine provoke: ynine, bring 
downe the menfes,and that they are mixed with counterpoifons, diureticke medicines,and/medi- 
cines that are hor. . 

B . Therootof /eelgutta, or much good, is alfo hovand-dry,and that inthe later endofthe fecond 

degrec,it maketh thin,it cutteth, openeth,prouoketh, breaketh the ftone and expelleth it,openeth 

the ftoppings of the liver and {pleene,and cureth the yellow jaundife:being chewed it helpeth the 
tooth-ach, and bringeth much water out of the mouth. 


+ This whole chapter was wholly taken from Dodoneus ‘Pemptis-lib.4'ctp.3. wherefore, I haue given his figure,which was agreeable tothe hiftoryyy for the figure 
ur Autor here gaue,was of the Selinum montanieo pumilum farce different from this,as I {hall hereafter fhew you'in the chap. of Peucedaxum. “ss 


' 


Cuar. 399. Of flone:Parfley of Macedonie. 


; ee “ 
t 4 Petrofeliaum Macedonium, Fuchsy. {2 Petrofelinum Macedonicum verum, 
_ Baftard ftone Parfley. The true Parfley of Macedonia. 
> ig ove Ole on AM | j ¢ 


q The Defcription. 


F ftone Parfley very little is Written of the old writers, Diofcorides onely faith that this 

hath feed like to that of C4méos;‘but of a more pleafant {mell, fharpe; aromaticall , ot 

. {piced :touching the forme of ‘the Ieaues;the colour of the floures, ;and fafhion of the 
Pie root 


Dawa Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ‘ i017 


root he writeth nothing at all: and Play is more briefe ; as for Theophraftus he doth noz fo much 


as name it,making mention onely of Parfley, A lexander,Smallaze,and mountaine Parfley., 

«For ftone Parfley Leowhartus Fuchfivs hath fet downa plant,hauing leaues not {pred and cut 
after the manner of garden Parfley, but long, and fhipped round about, made vp and fattened to a 
rib or ftem in the midft,fomething like,but yet not altogether,to the firft leaues of the Lefer Saxis 
frage ; the ftalke is flender,and a cubit and a halfe high ; the floures on the fpokie tu fts are white : 
the feed fomething blacke, like to that of A meos, and garden Parley, very fiveet of fmell, fome- 
thing (harpe or biting : the root is flender and full of ftrings. 

2 Lobel alfo in ftead of the right ftone Parfley defcribeth anothet,which the Venetians cal] 
ftone Parfley of Macedonia:this hath leaues like thofe of garden Parfley,or tather of the Venetian 
Saxiftage which is the blacke herbe Frankincenfe formerly defcribed : the flalke is a cubit bigh ; 

the fpokie tuftsfomething white: the feed fmall,quickely vading (as he faith) inferiour to that of 
garden Parfley in temperature and vertues:but whether this be the true and right {tone Parfley, he 
addeth, he is ignorant, 
@ The Place. 
It groweth on craggy rocks, and among ftones: but the beft in Macedonia, Whereupon it bea- 
reth the furname Macedonicnm, of Macedonia. 
q] The Time. 
It foureth in the fommer moneths. 
© The Names. 
Tris called in Grecke,m%etaim, of the ftony places where it gfoweth : in Latine, Petrapium, and 
Petrofilinum Macedonicum : in English, fone Parfley ; the Apothecaries know it hor: they are farre 
, deceined that would haue the herbewhich Fuchfixs pictureth to be Amomum : for Amomum dif- 
fereth from this,as it is very plaine by thedefcription thereofin Dyofcoriaes : but we hold this for 
the true ftone Parfley,ti!! {uch time as we may learne fome other more like in leaues to the Par- 
flies,and in feed, firch as that of ftone Parfley ought to be:and the very feed it felfe may caufe ys 
to hold this opinion, being fo agreeing to the defeription as no herbe more , for it is fharpe and 
biting,and of a fweeter {mell than is that of Ameos,and ofamore {picy fent ;yer'do not the leans 
gainefay it,which though they haue not the perfect forme of other Parfleyes, yer hotwithitanding 
| are notaltogether vnlike. + The firft of thefe is thoughtby C4aguillara, Turner, Gefner, Cardys, 
| and others,to be the Sifon of Diofcorides,and Tracus calls it, Amomum Germanicum, and the feeds in 
| fhops retaine the name of Sem, Amomi. The fecond is thought by Cs/umva tobe the fecond Date 
cus Of Dioftorides. + ; 
| | The Temperature. 
} 
| 


The feed of ftone Parfley which is moft commonly vied, is hotand dry, hauing withall a cut- 
ting quality. 
q The Vertues. 

It prouoketh vrine, and bringerh downe the floures : it is profitable againft winde in the fto- 

P : hig, gtr dad bye re: 

macke,and collicke cut,and gripings in the belly : for.itis,as Galen {aith,zpuew, that is to fay,a wa- 
fer or confumer of winde :it is a remedy againft paine in the fides, kidnies,and bladder,it is alfo 
mixed in counterpoifons : Diofcorides, 


| t Thefirlt figure that was formerly in this chapter Nhould haué besn in the fecond placejand that iri the fecond place was of Alexanders,and fhould hauebees 
| par in che following chapter. $,ar 


Cuar.goo. Of Corne Parfley,or Hone-wort. 


q.The D cferiptiois 


the next that {pring are two fmall round fmooth leaues nickt about the edges, and fo for two 
_or three couples of leaues of the next growth there are fuch round leaues growifs on 
‘ amiddle rib by couples, and'one round one, alfo at the top;after as more Ieaucs {pring vp, fo the fa- 
| fhion of them alfo change,that is to fay,euery leafe hath about cight or nine fimall fmooth greene 
| leaues, growing on each fide ofa middle rib one oppofite againtt another, and one growing by 
i itfelfe at the top, and are finely fnipt or indented about the edges, in forme refemblina thofe of 
’ Stum odoratum Trazi put not fo bigge, long, orat all brownith samongft which rife vp many fall 
; round ftraked ftalkes or branches, about two foot long,now and ‘then aboue twenty from one root, 
\fonetimes growing vprighr, fometimes creeping not farre from the ground, jeynted or kneed, 


Q4944 3 and 


if ‘His herbe commeth vp at the firft from feed like Parfley, with two fmall long narrow lea ules 


wy 


+ Selinnm S¥ folds. 


eg Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Lip... 
and ‘diuiding themfelues into very many 
branches,at euery joynt groweth one cafe 


Honewoort. fmaller than the former , which together 

Ce gag etiwmn with the lowermoft perifh,fo that there is 
DEO / WAY, feldome one greene leafe to be feen on this 
IN (Zi berbewhen the feed is ripe , the floures are 


white,and grow moft commonly atthe tops 
of the branches, fometimes at moftof the 
joynts cuen from the earth, in vneuen or vn- 
orderly vmbells, euery floure hauing fine ex- 
ceeding {mall leaues, flat,and broad at the 
toppe, and in. the middle very {mall cheiues 
with purple tops, the whole floure not much 
exceeding the bignefle ofa {mall pins head, 
which being paft there commeth vp in the 
place of cuery floure two {mall gray crooked 
ftraked feeds, like Parfley feeds, bur bigger, 
in tafte hor and aromaticall. The root is 
fmalland whitifh,with many threds nor fo 
bigas Parfley roots. Irbeginneth to floure 
about the beginning of Luly, & fo continues 
flouring a long time ; part of the {eed is ripe 
in Augutt, and fome {carfe inthe beginning 
of O &ober,mean while fome falleth wherby 
it renueth it felfe, and groweth with flourt- 
fhing greene Ieaues all the winter. 

i tooke thedefeription of this herbe the 
yeere, 1620. but obferucd it long before, nor 
knowing any name for it; firft 1 refered it 
to Sivm, calling it, Sivm terreffre,and Sium fe. 
cetnm Cy agrorum;afterwards vpon fight of Se. 
lioum peregrinum primum Clufii, which in 
fome refpeéts refembleth this herbe, I named it Selinum S¥ folys, yet wanting an Englifh name, 
at length about the yeere 1625.1 faw Miftris Vrfila Leigh (then feruant to Miftris Bilfon of Maple- 
durham in Hampfhire,and now (5. Marcy 1632. wife to Matter William Mooring Schoole- 
matter of pereretclaes Towne neere the faid Mapledurham) gather it inthe wheate erfhes about 
Mapledurham aforefaid (where in fuch like grounds it {till groweth,efpecially in clay grounds) 
who told me itwas called Honewort,and that her Mother miftris Charitie Leigh late of Brading in 
the Ifleof Wight deceafed, taught her to vfe it after the manner heere expreffed, for a fwelling 
which fhee had in her left cheeke,which for many yeeres would once a yere at the leaft arife there, 
and fwell with great heat,redneffe,and itching,vntil by the vfe of this herbe it was perfectly cured, 
and rofe no more nor fivelled,being now (5. Mart# 1632) about twenty yceres fince,only the fear 
remaineth to this day. This welling her mother cal led by the name of a Hone, but asking whe- 
ther fuch tumors werein the faid Ifle vfually called Hones fhe could not tell, by reafon fhee was 
brought from Brading aforefaid young, and not being aboue twelue yeeres old when thee vfed 
this medicine. ‘ - 


@ The Vertues. 

A Takeone handfull of the greene leaues of this Honewort, and ftampe them, put to it about, 
halfea pinte or more of beere, ftraine it,and drinke it, and fo continue to drinke the like quantity 
euery morning fafting till the fwelling doth abate, which with or in herwas performed in the 
{pace of two weekes at the mof. Auguft,18.1620. ohn Goodyer: + 


Cuar.4go1e Of Alexander. 


@ The Defcription, 


He leaues of Alexander are cut into many pareells like thofe of Smallage,but they be much 
greater and broader, fmooth alfo, and of a deepe greene colour : the ftalke is thicke, often- 
times a cubithigh: the floures be white, and grow vpon fpokie tufts : the feed is thicke, 

long, 


Lis 2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1019 


long, blacke fomething bitter, and ofan aromaticall or {picy {mell +: the roor is thicke, blacke 
withour, white within, like toa little Radith,and is good to be caten.out of which being broken or 
| €ut,there iffueth forth a juice that quickely waxeth thicke, hauing in ita fharpe bitterneffe, like 
| intafte vnto Myrthe : which thing alfo Theophraftws hath noted, there iffueth out of it, faith be,a 
| juice like Myrthe. 


- + Hippofelinum, G The Place, 
| Alexanders, a ee 
Sumyuatunnr Olid oar, Alexanders ot gteat Parfley growerh in 
a imoft places of England, 
es ee | The Tine, : 
T »Or7 nN a The feed waxeth ripe the fecond yeere, in 
Wall RSA IRS, the Moneth of Auguft. 
eg 0 7 | The Names. 


It is called iy Grecke, of the greatneffe 
wherein, it excellerh the other Partleyes iraes. 
wm, ot Horfe Parfley ; of GaXa, Equapium : it 
is alfo named Olys atrum, or the blacke pote 
herbe; and of diuers Sy/ueftre Apinm, or wilde 
Parfley , of Galen and certaine others qudpn,by 
reafonof the juice that iffueth forth thereof, 
that is, as we haue {aid, like ynto Mytrhe, 
which is called in Greeke auino: there is alfo 
another Smyrnivm ofmount Aman, of which 
we dowrite in the 404.chapter: the Apothe- 
caries cal it Petrofélivam Macedonicum : others, 
Petrofélinum Alexandrinum : the Germaines, 
Gyols Cpffich : the Low-Country-men, 45¢3 
terfelte bans BDacedonion ¢ in Spanith, Perex- 
#4 Macedonico : the French, and Englifhmen, 
Alexandre, Alexanders, 


seat" 

RZ 

SN Suh 
&xa W 


“| The Temperature, 

The feed & root of Alexanders,are no leffe 
hot and dry than are thofe of the Garden Par- 
fley, they clenfe and make thinne,being hor 
and dry in the third degree. 

The Vertues. 

Diofcorides faich, that the leaues and flalkes ate boiled and eaten, and drefled alone by them- 
Mfelues,or with fithes: that they are preferued raw in pickle: that the root eaten both raw and fod, 
(ite for the ftomacke : the toot hereof is alfo in our age ferued to thetable raw for a fallade 
therbe. 

The feeds hime downe the floures, expell the fecondine, breake and confume winde, prouoke 


Yrine,and are goo againft the ftrangury ¢ the decoction alfo of the root doth the fame, e{pecially B 
fit be madewith wine. 


$ Thefigure formerly here was of Sphondyliens, and chat belonging to this place was pur inthe foregoing chapter. 


Cuar.gor. Of wilde Parley, 


| | The Defcription. 

THis is like to the kindes of Parfleyes in the fundry ents of the leaues,and alfo in the bigneffe : 
' ™ forthey be broad and cut into diuers parcels: the ftalkes are round, chamfered, fet with cer- 
‘taine joints, hollow within,a cubit high or higher, two or three comming forth together our of 
) one root,and in the nether part many times of a darke reddi(h colour. The floures be white, and 
: BOW vpon fpokie tufts :the feed is round, flat, like that of Dill: the foot is white within, and 
diuided into many branches and firings, Thisplant inwhat part foeuer it be cut or broken, yeel- 
i deth forth a milky juice, 


@ The, 


i: 
yg" 


zz. 


~- et es ieee ae 


1020 Of the Hifterie of Plants. L418. 2. 
© Apinm foluefire eg 


(felis usr Yi ‘ 

Wilde Parfleys Shyléedonnn palustre: Spkelig Scho gi the Pluce 
elit ie ; Iris found by ponds fides in moiftand dan. 
kifh places, in ditches alfo, hauing. in them 
ftanding waters,and oftentimes by old ftockes 
of Alder trees. 

+. 1 haue not as yet obferned this plant 
growing wildewith vs. $ 

@ The Time. 

Ir flourethand bringeth»forth feedin Inne 

and Iuly. 


gq The Nature. 

The flopsof the Low countrics have mit 
called it in times paftby the name of Meum, 
and vfed it for the right Mew,or Spikrehwort, 
The Germaines name it Difenteh sValerius 
Cordus,alfcnichinm : divers in the Low Coun- 
tries callit $otlde Eppe sthatis to fay in La- 
tine, Apinm fylucfire.or wilde Parfley:and fome, 
water Eppes thatis, Hydrefelincn, or Uspinm 
aquatilewater Parfley : and oftcntimes is itna- 
med, as we have already written, E/cfelinnay 
and Sinm. It may be more rightly termed in 
Latine, 4 pinm fylnefire, and in Englith, wilde 
Parfley. 

Diofcorides hath made mention of wilde 
Parfley in the chapter of Danse or wilde Car 
rot : and Theophrofivs in his feventh booke, 
where he maketh the Parfleyes to differ both 
in leaves and flalkes,ard fheweth that fome 
hauewhite ftalkes, others purple, or elfe of fundry colours, and that there is alfo a certaine wilde 
Parfley ; torhe faith that thofe which haue the purple ftalkes, and the ftalkes of divers colours, 
come neerett ofall to the wilde Parfley.. And therefore feeing that Olfexichinm, or wilde Parfley, 
hath the lower part ofthe ftalke of a purplith colour,and like in Jcaues to Parflcy, which in times 
paftwe thought good rather tocall spium fylueftre, or wilde Parfley,than toerre with the Apcthe- 
caries,and to take it for Mew. Andafterwhen we now know thatitwas held tobe 7 Ay([elinm Plt. 
nij,and that we could alledge nothing to the contrary,we alfo fetled our felues to be of their opini-. 
on ;and the rather,becaufe the faculties are agreeable. Thy/felium,faith Pliny , lib. 25. chapter a1. 
is not vnlike to Parflcy : the root hereof purgeth flegme out of the hcad ; which thing alfo the 
rootof Olfenichium doth effeéually performe, as we will forthwith ¢cclare. The name alfo is 
agreeable, for it feemeth tobe called svavacer, becaufe it extendeth it felfe, in Grecke, xe, thorow 
Acfovs, OY Marifh places, j 


‘ 


| The Temperature. 
The roothereofis hot and dry in the third degree. 
@ The Vertues. 

The root being chewed,bringeth by the mouth flegme out of the head, and.isa remedy for the 
tooth-ach,and there is nodoubt but that italfo makes thin,cutteth and openeth,provoketh vrine, 
and bringeth downe the floures, and doth likewife no lefebut more cficually performe thofe 
things that the reft of the Parfleyes do, 


} The figureformerly put in this place was ofthe Cerefililtm (jluefIre of Takerncmontarns whole hiftory TiNtend hereafter to give yon 


G] The Defiription. 


I np firft kinde ofbaftard Parfley isa rough hairy herbe,not much vnlike to Casrots: 
the leaues are like to thofe of Corianders, but parted into many {mall jagges :at the 

: ; P Hee a J2SS, 3: 
top of the branches do grow thadowie vmbels, or {pokie ruadles, confifting of many {mall white 


floures : 


Lis, 2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. ‘ io2i 


— 


i Say PRE Pe ph ep 
| 1) Cancalis albis floribus. £ 2 Cancalis Api folijs lore rubvo, 
| Baftard Parfley with white floures, Baftard Parfley with red floures, 


Svearne 


Fo eels 4 anrtortlss + 


== 


¢ 3 Caucalis P encedans folio. £ 4 Caucalis maior Cluf, i + } i 
Hogs Parfley Great rough Parfley. AR |e ve 


Is iwi2i 


10? aay Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


floures : the feed is long and rough, like the feed of Carrots, but greater 
 fingleerowing deepe intq the ground,of awhite colour,and in taftelike the Parfnep. 


:thereoris fraightand 


> There is another fort like vnto the former, fauing that the leaues thereot ate broader,and the 
floures are of areddith colour: there hath great controuerfie rifen about the true determination of 
Caucalis, becaufe the Latine interpretation of Diofcorides is greatly fufpe&cd,ccniteining in it felfe 
much fuperfluous matter, not pertinent to the hiftory : but wee decme that this plant is the tms 
Caueales,the notes fet downe declare it foto be : the floures, faith he, are reddith : the feeds coucred 
with a rough huske fet aboutwith prickles, which cleaue vnto garments that it toucheth,as doe 
Burs which roughneffe being pilled off, the feed appeares like vnto hulled Otes, rot vnpleafant in 
tafte,all which do thew it tobe the fame, 

3. There is likewife another fort that hath a long fingle root, thrummed about the vpper end 
with many thrummy threds ofa browne colour : from which rifeth vp diuers ftalkes full of joynts 
orknees, couered with a fheath or skinnie filme, like vnto that of Meum : the leaues are finely cut 
or jagged,refembling the leaves of our Englith Saxifrage:the floures grow at the top of the ftalke: 
in {poky rundles like Fennell : the feed is {mall like that of Parfley. 


$ 5 Cancalis minor flofculis rubentibys. 6 Caucalis nodofacchinoto femine. 
Hedge Parfley. Knotted Parfley. 
Comsolid U rth n Ac 44 (he Woerues Sino Hols oo : 


+ 4  Clufiusvnderthenameof Caucalé maior hath defcribed and figured this,which hath ma 
ny crefted ftraight ftalkes fome two cubits high or more, which are Squid into fund / branches 
and at each joynt fend forth large & winged leaues fomewhat like thofe of Angelica but rougher 
and of a darker greene; atthe tops of the branches grow vmbels of whitifh floures, being o 
fomewhat a purplifh or flefh colour vnderneath ; and thefe are fucceeded by broad feed almoft 
like thofe of the Cow-Parfnep, but that they are rougher, and forked at the top and prickly : the 
root is white,hard and wooddy. It floures in Iune, ripens the feed.in Iuly and Auguft,and thet 
the root dyes,and the feed mmft be fowne in September,and fo it willeomevp and continue greene 
all the winter, ts 

5 Befides thefe formerly defcribed there are two others growing wilde with vs ; the firftol 
thefe, which I haue thought good to call Hedge,or field Parfley,(becaufe it srowes about hedaes 
andin plowed fields very plentifully euery where)bath crefted hollow flalkes rowing vp to for 
cubit and halfc high, whereon ftand winged Jeaues made of fundry little longith ones, ferone 
againi 


Lis 2, Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1025. 


| —--— : 
againfanother, fhipt about the edges, andending in a long and fharpe pointed leafe: thefe leaues 
| as aifothe flalkes are fomewhat rough and har(h,and of a darke greene colorithe floures ate {mall 
and reddith, and: grow in little wmbels, andare fucceeded by longith lictle rough feed‘of fome- 
whata ftrong andsaromaticke tafte and fhiell. It is an annual! plant,and floures commonly in Iu- 
ly, and the feeds are ripe in Augutt. Cords and Thalivs call it Dascotdes mia gand BavhinesCancalss 
ermine alpeo flofculis (whrabcaribus. Vhere isa bigger and leffer variety or fort of this plant, for you 
fhallind ic growing to the height of tio éiubits, with leaues and all the vpper parts anfwerable, 
and you may againe obferue it not toex¢eed ‘the height of halfe a foor- r 
6 This other, which Babine hath firk fet forth in writing by the name of Gancalis nodufie echi~ 
mato femineshath a white and long root;from which it fends vp {undry {mall crefted.and rough brari- 
ches which com#only lie’ along vpon'thie ground, and they are commonly of an vnequall length, 
| fome a cudit long, other-fome fearfe two hand fulls:the leaues are {mall,rough,winged, and deeply 
jagged and at the fetting otofeach léafe'clofe to the ftalkes vually vpon very fhort foot-ftalkes 
grow {mall little floures of colourwhite, or reddifh, and made of fitte little leaucs apeece: after 
thefe follow the feed,round,frall and rough,and they grow clofe to the ftalkes. It floures in Tune 
and Tuly,and growes wilde infundry places, as in the fields,and vpon the bankes about S, lames, 
and Pickadille. Fabius Colummna iudges it to be the true Scandix ofthe Antients. + } 
There is likewife one of thefe found in Spaine, called Cancalis "Hifpanioa, \ike the firt: but it is 

an anouall plant,which perifhes at the firt approach of wiater, the which I haue fowne in my gar- 
fees it perifhed before the feed was petfected, 


| ; @ the Place. 
Thefe plants do grow naturally vpon, rockes and ftony grounds : we haue the firft and the third 


jin our paftures in moft places of England ; that with red floures isa ftranger in England. Wane te: i if 
+ I hauenot heard that the third growes wilde with vs, but the fecond was found growing tat VR eam | 
jin the corne fields on the hilles about Bathe, by M'. Bowles, + Reese) SOF ge : We ae) Bag f 
i : <q The Tine. : Revie ee Ha | 

| They floure and flourifh from May to theend of Auguft. ; 7 chia | 
: ay The Names, . ' agent 


| Battard Parfley is called in Greeke xvwaisin Latinealfo Caucalis : of ome; Daucns fylucftris » a- aa 
imong the baftard names of Democritus,2#0:in Latine, Pes Gallinacens, Pes Pull? : the Egyptians } 
iname it Se/élis : the country-men of Hetruria, Petrofalle falvatico »in Englith, baftasd Parfley, and, UO we 
/Hennes foot. 4 Kall ait " Wh M4 
; 4) The TemperaturgandV cries, : a v 
_ Diofcorides {aith,that baftard Parfley is a pot-herbe which is eaten eithet raw or bdiledjand pto- A ii 
fuoketh vrine; b “ 
Phy doth reckon it vp alfo among the pot-hetbes ; Galen addeth, that it is pteferued-in pickle B 
for fallades in winter. . ori aa 
The feed of baftard Parfley is euidently hot and dry, and that in the fecond dégiee : it prouo- C 
Keth vrine, and bringetn downe the defired fickeneffe: itdiffolueth the ftone,and'driueth ie forth; ': i) 
It taketh away the ftoppings of the liuer, {pleene,and kidnies? it cutteth'and concoétcth fav Dp if 
and flegmaticke humours : it comforteth a cold ftomack, diffolueth winde,it quickneth the fight, Li 
and refrefheth the heart, if it be taken fafting. : 
| Matthiolus in his Commentaries vpon Diofcorides, the fecond booke,attributeth vnto it many E 
xcellent vertues,to prouoke yenery and bodily-luft,and- ere tion of the parts. 


T The figure which belonged to the third defcription inthis chapter was formerly put for Enolifh Saxifrage. | 


Cua ‘! ie - Of Candy Phar \\ 


i The Defiription: 


| lofcorides and Pliny haue reckoned Syraium among the kindes of Parfley, whofe iudgements 
Id) while this plant is young, and not growne vp toa ftalke,may ftand with very good reafon, 

for that the young leaues next the ground are‘like to Parfley,but fomewhat thicker and lar- 
‘get:among which rifeth’ vp a ftalke a cubit high,and femewhat moreé,garnifhed with round leaucs, ' 
ifarte different from thofe next the ground, inclofing the ftalke about like Thorolw wax,or Perfoltata. 
which leaues are ofa yellow colour, and do rather refemble the leautes of Fole:foor than Parfley® 
aE 


oe : au : =~ a. Zev ot ae 
eR Reg ae : 


= —— cones 


oe 


<_. 
6 ee 


102.4 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L132. 
at the top of the ftalkes doe grow round fpo- 
kie tufts ofa yellow color, after which com- 
mieth round and blacke feed like Coleworts, . 
ofa fharpe and bitter tafte like Myrrhe:the 
root is white and thicke, contrary to the o- 
pinion of Dodoneus, who faith it is blacke 
without,but I fpeake thatwhich I haue feen 
and prooued. 


Smyrninm Creticum, 


(Candy Alexander, 


q The Place. 

Smyraium groweth naturally vponthe hils 
and mountaines of Candy,and in my garden 
alfo in great plenty:alfo ypon the mountain 
Amanus in Cilicia. 


q The Time. } 
Smyrnium floureth in June, and the feed is. 
ripe in Auguft. 


@ The Names. 

This plantis called in Latine,Smyrninm - 
in Greeke,apm in Cilicia, Petrofelinum,and 
as Galen teftifieth,fome haue called it, Hippo- 

Selinum agrefte: in Englifh, Candy Alexan- 
ders, or Thorow bored Parfley. 


@ The Nature. 

Smyrninm is hot and dry in the third de- 
gree. 

G The Vertues: 

The Jeaues of Smyrninm diffolue wens 
and hard fwellings, dry vp vicers and excori = 
és ations,and glew wounds together, z 

The feeds are good againft the {toppings of the {pleene, kidntes,and bladder. a 

Candy Alexanders hath force to digeft and waft away hard fwellings, in other things it is like 
to garden Parfley, and ftone Parfley, and therefore wevfe the feed heereof to prouoke the defired 
fickeneffé,and vrine,and to helpe thofe that are ftuffed in the lungs,as Galen writeth, 

The root is her, fo is the herbe and feed, which is good to be drunke againft the biting of fer- 
pents : it is a remedy for the cough, and profitable for thofe that cannot take their breath vnlefle 
they do fit or ftand vpright: it helpeth thofe that can hardly make their water: the feed is good 
againft the infirmity of the {pleene ormilt, the kidnies and bladder : it is likewifea good medi-. 
cine for thofe that haue the dropfie, as Dio/corides writcth, ‘ 


Cia. gos. Of Parfneps. 
| The Defcription. 


I He leaues of the tame or Garden Parfneps are broad, confifting of many {mall leaues 
faftened to one middle rib like thofe of the afhtree: the ftalke is vpright, of the 
height ofa man: the floures ftand vpon fpokje tufts, of colour yellow ; after which 

commeth the feed flat and round, greater than thofe of Dil: the root is white, long, fivcet,and 
good to be eaten. 

2 Thewilde Parfnep is like to that of the Garden, in Jeaues,ftalke,tuft,yellow floures,flat and 

routid feed, but altogether lefler : the root is fall, hard,wooddy, and not fitto be eaten. 


The Place. 
The garden Parfnep requiretha fat and loofe earth, and that that is digged vp deepe. 5 
Thewilde Parfnep groweth in vntoiled places, e{pecially in the falt marfhes, vpon the bankes 
and borders of the fame : the feed whereof being gathered and brought into the garden,and fowed 


aba] 


Live, Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


1 Paftinaca latifoliafativas 


2 Paftinaca latifoliafyluchris; 
Garden Parfneps, 


Wilde Parfneps, ~ 
) or VOWY OL ADA Lihw, w& 
oy 


in fertillground,do proue better roots, fweeter and greater than they that are fowne of feeds gathe- 
réd from thofe of the garden. 


They floure ih uly and Auguft,and feed the fecond yeareafter they be fowne. 


d 


q The Names. 


The Herbarifts of our time do call the garden Parfneps suerines and Paffinaca, and therefore wee 
haue furnamed it Latifoliaor broad leafed,that itmay ditfer from the other garden Parfnep with 
narrow leaues,which is truly and properly called Staphylinus,that is, the garden Carrot.Some Phy- 
fitjons doubting,and not knowing to what herbe of the Antients it fhould be referred, haue fained 
the wilde kinde-hereof to be Panacis (pecies,or a kind of Alheale:diuers haue named it Bawcia;others, 
Branca Leonina,but if you diligently marke and confer it with Elaphobofcum of Diofcorides, you fhal 
shardly finde any difference at all: but the plant called at Montpelier Pabulum Cervinum:in Englifh, 
Harts fodder, {uppofed there to be the true Elaphobofium,differeth much from the true notes there. 
of. Now Baucia,as Tacobus Manlius reportethin Luminari maiore, is Diofcorides, and the old Writers 
Paflinaca,that is to fay,Teauifolia,or Carrot : but the old w riters, andefpecially Diofcorides haue 
called this wilde Parfnep by thename of Elaphobofcwm : and wee doe call them Parfheps and 
Mypes. 

q] The Temperature. 
The Par{nep root is moderately hot,and more drie than moift, 


@ The Vertues. : 
The Parfneps nourifh more than doe the Turneps or the Carrots,and the nourifhment is fome- A 
what thicker,but not faultie nor bad , notwith ftanding they be fomwhat windy:they paffe through 


_ the bodie neither {lowly nor {peedily : they neither binde nor loofe the belly; hey prouoke vrine, 
_ and luft of the bodie: they be good for the ftomacke, kidneies, bladder, and lungs. 


| 


| 


There is a good and pleafant food or bread made of the roots of Parfneps, as my friend M*. Plat B 
hath fe forth in his booke ofexperiments,which I haue made no trial! of, nor meaneto do. 


The feed is hotter and drier euen ynto the fecond degree, it mooueth vrine, and confumeth © 


Winde. 
Rrrs Tt 


aE Latin Sie 


wee 
Bk 
1 0} 
i 
Ha} 
Ts, sony 
BHF 
Hh 
FUSE * 
et al 


Of the Hi 


1026 


{tory of Plants 


and ftingings of Serpents. 


iF 1 yas formerly put for Sphondylium. 
hich fhould haue beenein the fecond place, was formerly put for Sp 


Lis. 2. 


De ibis reported, faith Diofcorides,that Deare are preferued from bitings ef FeTpen a Dy catttg of 
theheve Elaphobofinm,or wilde Parfhep,wherupon the feed is S1uen with wine isis the bitings 


h the fi hat formerly were in this chapter were of the Garden Parfnep ; the firft being that of Lobel, and the fecond that of Tabernamontanus : that 
Beth the figures thar for: y rein this ck 


Wn, RUF tuo, 
JOR ROUTE 
\ 


Wiz 
Wee" a 
= We ! 


Emperour commanded to be conueied vnto him 
as Pliny reporteth in 6, 19.cap.5. 


cuery yeare out of Germanic. It is 


Matthiolus Syluaticus expoundeth it : 
peafe, full of moifture,and of a {weet t 

the leafe of the peafe, neither doth it 

we nifeft,ct 

ame, 

| 


i 
fh A Theroots of the S| 
y meanly,and yeeld a reafon 
alfo prouoke Jutt. 


They be 


kirret be moderately hot and 
able good iuice : but they are fomething Windie,by re 


vith vineger,falt,and a little oile 
and alfo dreffed 


g The Deéfiription. 


He leaues of the Skirret do likewife confit 

of many {mall leaues fattened to one rib,e- 
uerie particular one whereof js fomething nic. 
ked in the edges, but they are leffer,ereener,and 
{moother than thofe of the Parfhep, The ftalks 
be fhort,and feldomea cubit high ; the floures 
in the fpoked tufts are white, the roots be ma- 
ny in number,srowing out of one headanhand 
bredth long, moft commonly nota finger thick, 
they are fweer,y hite,good to be eaten,and moft 
pleafant in tafte 

@ The Place and Time. 

This Skirret is planted in Gardens,and efpe- 
cially by theroor, for the greater and thicker 
ones being taken away,the leffer are put into the 
carth againe :which thing is beft tobe done in 
March or Aprill, before the ftalks come vp,and 
at this time the roots which be gathered are ea- 
ten raw,or boiled. 

The Names. 

This herbe js called in Latin Sifarum, and al. 
fo in Greeke aime , the Latines do likewife call] 
it Sifer;and diuers of the later Herbarifts, Seruile 
lum or Cheruillum, Or Seruilla. the Germans name 
it Steelin : Tracus,Zam Sarten Bapunkelen : 
inthe Low-countries, Supcker Yoo2telen,thac 
Is to fay, Sugar roots,and oftentimes Seriliens 
in Spanith,Cherinia: inItalian,Si/aro:in French, 
Cheruy : in Englifh,Skirret and Skirwort. And 
this is that Siferor Skitret which Tiberius the 

from Geldubaa caftle about the riuer of Rhene, 


The Skirret is a medicinable herb,and is the fame that the fore- 
faid Emperour did fo much commend, infomuch that hed 


efired the fame tobe brought vnto him 


not,as diuers fuppofe,Serapio his Secacul,of which he hath writ. 
ten inhis 89.chapter : for Secacul is defcribed by the leafe of Zulben 


and it bringeth forth 


afte,which is called Granum Culcul: But the Skirret hath not 
bring forth fruit like 


at the Skirret doth very much differ from Serapiohis Secacul : fo farre 


» that is to fay, of the peafe, as 
ablack fruit of the bigneffe of a Cich- 


tothe Ciche peafe;whereupon it is ma- 
is it from beeing the 


; |] The Nature and Vertues, 


moift; they be cafily concoged ; they nourifh 


afon whereof they 


le,after the manner of a fallad , and often_ 
after other fafhions,according to the skil of 


The 


Lis 2. 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


~ Thewomen in Suenia, faith Hieronymus Heroldus prepare the roots hereof for their husbands, and C 
know full well wherefore and why,&c. 
Theiuice of the roots drunke with goats milke ftoppeth the laske. The fame drunke withwine D 
puttech away windineffe out of the ftomacke,and gripings of the belly, and helpeth the hicket or 
yeoxing. They ftir vp appetite,and prouoke vrine. 


Cuar. 407. Of (Carrots. 


q The Defiription. 


io SS 


a He leaues of the garden Carrots are ofa deepe greene colour,compofed of many fine 
Fennell-like leaues,very notably cut or iagged;among which rifeth vpa ftalk ftraight 
and round, foure cubits high, fomwhat hairie and hollow,hauing at the top round {po- 

| ked tufts,inwhich do grow little white floures : in their places commeth the feed,rough and hai- 

rie,of a fweer fmell when it is rubbed. The root is long, thicke and fingle, of a faire yellow colour, 
pleafant to be eaten,and very fiveet in tafte, 


1 Paftinaca fativatenuifolia, £2 Paftinacafatina atro-rubeus, iy 
Yellow Carrot. Red Carrot. 


2. There is another kinde hereof like to the former inall parts, and differeth ftom it only in the 


-eolour of the root, which in this is not yellow, but of a blackifh red colour. 
é q The Place. 


: Thefe Carrots are fowne in the fields,and in gardens where other pot herbes are: they require 4 


loofeand well manutéd foile. qi The Time. 


-They.gretobe fowne in Aprill; they bring forth their floures and feed the yeare after they be 
‘fowne. 


: 1 The Names. peeianin: 
The Carrotis properly called in Greeke rxsuwns, Sine which we haue termed in Latine by a 


ine SR Bt a SE 


8 Of the Hittorie of Plants.) L ips 2. 


j,or the Garden Parfnep, 1s defcribed of the old. writers by another : 
name:this Carrot iscalled in Latine likewifle,Puf fativabut with thisaddition reauifolia,thaey 
it may differ from the garden Parfiiep with broad léaues,and white roots. Theophrastus in the ninth | 
pooke ofhis hiftorie‘of plants:nameth this Staphyliauss or Carrot, deter, and.writeth that it grow. . 
eth in Arcadia,and faith that thebeft is found in Spartenfy Achaia put doubtlefle he meantthat Day. | 
?s,that may be numbred among the Carrots ; Galex in his booke of the fa_ | 
culties of Simp] ines doth alfo make it to be Daucus, but yet not fimply Daucus ; forhead:| 
dethalic Staphi jims OF Paftinaca : i High Dutch it is called deel tubers mn Low Dutch, Geet 

qDeen, Geel qpootert,and deel Bogtelen : in French,Carrotte,and Racine iaulne : in Italian, PafPinacas | 
in Spanith, Canahoria : in Englifh, Yellow Carros: the other iscalled red Carrot, and blacke ; 


cus which we call Crez 


Carrot. 
@ The Temperature and Vertues. 


The root of the yellow Carrot is moft commonly boiled with fat flefh and eaten : itis tempe- 
A rately. hor and fomething moift.. The nourifhment which commeth thereofis not.much,and not | 
verie good : itis fomething windie,but not fo much as be the Turneps,and doth not fo foon as they | 
pafie through thebodie. ; ott b " , bes 
B -isthe red Carrot is of like facultie with the yellow. The feed of them both is hor and drie,it breas: 
” kethand confumerh windineffe,prouoketh vrine,as doth that of the wilde Garror. 


Cuapr. 408, Of Wilde Carrot. 


Paftinaca fylueftris t enuifolia, 7 é } 
Wilde Carrot,or Bees-neft. q The Defcription. 
| 
é ah aie web He leaues of the wilde Cartorare cut intaj 
. i ay diuers {lender narrow parcels,very like vata: 
thofe of the garden Carrots, but they be fome-! 
what whiter,and more haitic :theftalks be like- 
wife hairie and fomewhat rough: the floures are 
little,and ftand vpon broad fpokedy tuftes, of a 
white color,ofwhich tuft of floures the middle- 
moft part is of adeep purple : the whole tuft is 
drawn together when the feedis ripe,refembling 
a birds neft, whereupon it hath been named of! 
fome Birds-neft : the root flender,and ofa mean. 
length f 


q| The Place, 
Itgroweth of it felfein vntoyled ‘places, in| 
fields, and inthe borders thereof,almoft euerie| 
where. . 
@ The Time, 
floures and flourifhés in Iune and Tuly,the} 
isripe in Auguft. | 
@ The Names. 
The wilde Carrot is called in Greeke cupuac | 
wets in Latine, Paftinacafy lueftris tenuifolia: im) 
thops, Daucus. sand itis vied in ftead of the true) 
Dancusand not amiffe,nor vnprofitably : for Ga-) 
‘enalfo in his time doth teftifie that it was ta- | 
- ken for Dancws,or baftard Parfly,and is without | 
= doubt Danci [ylpeftris genus, orawilde kinde of) 
P ADs ; : a 519) baftard Parfly,fo called of f heophrastus:in high) 
Hae Dutch it is named yoid yakeness, Wogol nett: in Low Dutch,Wogelg neft,and nailde Caroters | 
| 


It 
j 
ca 


fe 
ie 


Crookers crypt: in French, Paffena dé Sauvage in Englith, wilde Casrot,and after the Dutch, 
Bitdsuiefand in fomie platds Bees-ne ft; 

Atheneus citing Diphilus forhis Author, {aith,that the Carrot is called ente», becaufe it ferueth| 
45S Pliny waiteth,faid,that the vfe hereof winneth loue: which things; 


' be) 


~Lie2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. ==SS*S*«w 


bewritten of wilde Carrot,the root whereof is more effectual than that ofthe garden,and contai- 
neth initas Galen faith,a certaine force to procure lutt. 
q The Temperature and Vertues. 
The feed of this wild Carrot,and likewife the root is hot and drie in the cond degree,and doth 
withall open obftrutions, ‘ ; 
The rootboiled and eatenjor boiled with wine, and the deco@idn dttinke, prouoketh vrine, ex- B \ 
pelleth the ftone, bringeth forth the birth, it alfo procureth bodily Int. 


A 


The feed drunke bringeth downe the defired fickneffé, it is good for them that can hardly make Cc if BURA 
water,it breaketh and diffolueth winde,it remediath the dropfie,it cureth the collick aud ftone,be- iad 
ing drunke inwine. 


It is alfo good for the paffions of the mother,and helpeth conception: it is good againft the bi- D 


t a 


tings ofall manner of venomous beatts : it is reposted, faith Déofcorides, that fuchas haue Arlt taken 
of itare not hurt by them, 


Cuar. 409, Of (Candie Carrots, 


1 

: ! 

Dancus Cretenfis verus; f this ah 
ees j Bm PE Ei 
Candie Carrots, G The Defiription: Baia 


Tis Dancus Cretenfis, being the true Daucus of * ANP (He S| ee 
Diofcorides,doth not grow in Candy only,bue ap f 
is found vponthe mountaines of Germany, and, Mis i 
vponthe hills and rockes of Iuta about Geneua, { 
from whenee it hath beene fent and conueied by we ae 
one friendly Herbarift vnto another, into fundrie : Fa ea CT 
regions: it beareth leaues which are fmall,and ve- ee fe ae 
ty finely iagged,refembling either Fenne) or wild Na aie | 4 
Cartot : among which rifeth vp a ftalke ofa cubit Haig 
high, hauing at the top white {pokietufts,and the Fa 
floures of Dill:which being paft,there come great Fae eet 
plentie of long feed,well fmelling, not vnlike the Hii - 
feedofCumin, faue thar it is whitifh,with acer- 4 I 
taine moffinefle, and a fharpe tafte, and is in grea- | 
terwfe thanany part of the plant. The rootalfois aay | i 
right good in medicine,being leffer than the root ie | P 
ofa Parfnep, but hotter in tafte, and ofa fragrant HI ee FR iS 
fell. 


© TheTime. ae ‘ 
This floures in Iune and Iuly,his feed is ripe in RRS aa 
Auguft. Dh abd ae } 
q The Names. ag ut 
There is fufficient {poken in the defcription as Bee He ae e 
;Ouching the name. i 


q The Nature. 


Thefe plants are hor and drie, efpecially the at 
= feed of Daucus Creticus, whichis hot and drtie in Pa th 
the third degree : but the feed of the wilde Carrot is hot and drie in the fecond degree, he 
@ The Vvertues. 
The feed of Daucus drunken is good againk the ftrangutie,and painfull making of water,it pre- A 
: uaileth againftthe gyauelland fone,and prouoketh vrine, : 
-_ Itaffwageth the torments and gtipings of the belly,diffolueth windines,cuieth the colkick, and p 
‘ tpeneth an old cough. } 


_~ The fame beeing taken in VVine, is verie good againft the bitingsof beafts, and expelleth ¢ 
) poifon, ii 


| 


The feed of Duivcns Creticus is of great efficacie and vertue being putintd Treacle, Mithridate, BD 
) OF any antidotes, againft poifon or peftilence. 


Rrrr 3 “Ey The 


"7030 OF the Hiftory of Plants, Lrex. 22 


E The root thereof drunke in wine ftoppeth the laske, and isalfoa foueraigne remedieagainft vee 
nome and poifon. 


Cuar. 410. Of flinking and deadly Carrots. 


qj The Defcription, 


? 

I «Was great ftinking Carrot hath very great leaues, fpread abroad likewings, refembling: 
thofe of Fennell gyant (whereof fome haue taken it tobea kinde, but vnproperly) of ai 

bright greene colour,fomewhat hairie : among which rifeth vp a ftalk of the height of two cubits, 
and of the bigneffe of a mans finger ; hollow,and full ofa {pungious pith;whereupon are fetat cer- 
taine ioints,leaues like thofe next the ground, but fmaller. The floures are yellow, ftanding at the 
top of the ftalkes in {pokie rundles, like thofe of Dill:after which commeth the feed, flat and broad 
like thofeof the Parfnep, but much greater and broader. The root is thicke, garnifhed at the top 
with certaine capillaments or hairy threds,blacke without,white within, full of milkie iuice 5 of 
amott bitter,fharpe,and lothfome tafte and {mell,infomuch that ifa man do ftand where the wind 
doth blow from the plant,the aire doth exulcerate and blifter the face, and every other bare or na« 
ked place that may be fubie@ to his venomous blaft,and poifonous qualitie, | 


x Thapfia latifolia Clufy, 2 Thapfiatenuifolia, 
Stinking Carrots, Small leafed ftinking Carrot. 


2 This {mall kind of ftinking or deadly Carrot is like to the laft defcribed in each rele 


: at 1 2 : . - a i 
uing that the leaues are thinher and more finely minced or iagged, wherein confifts the difference. | 


3. Thecommon deadly C 
femble the ftalkes and leaues 


about the top of the ftalks :o 


atrot is like vnto the precedent, fauing that he doth more neerely re- 
ofthe garden carrot, and is not garnifhed withthe like buth of haire 
therwife in feed,root,and euill {mell,tafte and qualitie like, | 
Ri, q The Place. | 
Thefe pernicious plants delight in ftonie hillsand mountaines : they are ftrangers in England. 


q The 


ert se Of the Hiftory of Plants: o 


3 IG hapfia vulgar ts, 
Deadly Carrots, 


G The Time. ; 

They floure in Auguft,or fomewhat after. 

| The Names, 

The French Phyfitians haueaccepted the root of Thapfia for a kinde of T urbith,calling it Tar- 
petum Cineritivm ; notwith{tanding vpon better confideration they hauc left the vfe thereof,efpeci- 
ally inpurging; forit mightily hurteth the principal! parts, and doth often caufe cruel! eripings 
in the guts and belly, with convulfions and cramps : neuertheleffe the venomous qualitie may bee 

taken away with thofe cotrestiues which are vfed in mitigating the extreme heate and virulent 
qualitic of Sarcocolla, Hammoniacum, and Turpetum : but where there be fo many wholefome Sim- 
| ples,and likewifecompoundsythey are not to be vied. 
I, Of fome itiscalled Turpetum Grifeum.: it is called Thapfia,as fome thinke, of the Ifland Thap- 
duis, where it was fir found por as we deeme, of the likeneffe it hath with Carrots, 


Of the people of Sicilia and Apuliait is called Ferwlacoli,where it doth grow in great aboun- 
dance. 


@| The Temperature andVertues. 


) The temperature and faculties in working haue been touched in the defcription, and likewife 
‘in the names. é 


Cuar. gin. Of Fennell. 


The Defiription, 
1) £9" He fir kinde of Fennell; called inLatine Feniculum: in Greeke, Mépagzo, 1S [0 well 
, knowne among ft vs, that it'were but loft labour todeferibe the fame. 
ki 2 Thefecond kinde of Fennellis likewife well knowne by the name of Sweet 
Fennell, fo called becaufe the feeds thereof are in tafte’ fiveet like vnto Annife feeds, refembling 
the common Fennell, fauing that the leaues are larger and fatter, or more oleous ; the feed greater 
‘and whiter, and the whole plant in cach refpect greater, 


° q The 


a 032 ; ~ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li siz. 


Feniculumvuleare. q] The Place. 


Common Fennell. ° : 
Ucn, “sonreeline Thefe herbs are fet and fowne in gardens; but : 
( 


the fecond doth not profper well in this Coun. 
trey : forbeing fowne of good and perfe& feed, 
yet in the fecond yeare after his fowing it will 
degenerate from the right kinde, and become 
common Fennell, 
q The Time, 

They floure in luneand Iuly,and the feed iss; 

ripe in the end of Augutt. 


q The Names, 

Fennell is called in Greeke mujer : in Latine, , 
Marathrum, and. Feniculum : in high Dutch, , 
Fenckell s in low-Dutch, Wenckell s in Italian, 
Finocchio: in Spanith, Hiveio : in French, Fe= 
noi! : in Englith, Fennell, and Fenckell, | 


] The Nature. 

The feed of Fennel is hotand dry in the third | 
degree. 

a The Vertues. 

The pouder of the feed of Fennell drunke for 
certaine dayes together fafting preferueth the 
eye-fight : whereof was written this Diftichon | 
following : 


fj 


Faniculus Rofa,V erbena,Chelidonia, Ruta, 
Ex his fit aqua qua luminareddit acuta, 


Of Fennell, Rofes,Veruain, Rue,and Celandine, 
iat Is madea water good to cleere the fightofeine, _ 
| ; 


B The greene Jeaues of Fennell eaten,or the feed drunken made into a Ptifan, do fillwomens : 
brefts with milke. 
Cc The deco tion of Fennell drunke eafeth the paines of the kidnies, caufeth one to anoid the : 
’ | {tone, and prouoketh vrine. 
D The roots areas effectual, and not onely good for the intents aforefaid,but againft the dropfie : 
alfo, being boyled in wine and drunken. 
E Fennell feed drunke affivageth the paine of the ftomacke, and wambling of the fame, or defire ; 
to vomit, and breaketh winde, 
PF The herbe,feed,and root of Fennell are very good for the lungs, the liuer, and the kidneyes, for 
it openeth the obftru tions or {toppings of the fame, and comforteth the inward parts. 
G The feed and herbe of {weet Fennell is equall in vertues with Annife feed, 


| ioe 2 3 
Cuap, 4iz. Of Dill. 


b g TheD efcription, 


———— 


i ) id Ill hatha little ftalke ofa cubithigh, round and ioyated ; whereupon doe grow leaues verie : 
| _J finely cut, like to thofe of Fennell, but much fnaller : the foures be little and yellow, ftan- 

i ding in a fpokic tuft or rundle:the feed is round, flat and thin : the whole plant is ofaftrong | 

fmell : the root is threddy 


q The Place, 
It is fowne in gardens, and is alfo fometimes found wilde. 


! 
E 


q The 


L ay 2, Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Anehum, | The Teme; 


Itbringeth forth floures and feed in Au- 
gui. 

q The Names, 

Dil is called in Greek ‘ans: in Latine like. 
wife Anethum,and’ Anetum : in high-Dutch; 
Zo pllen s in low-Dutch,Dilie ¢ in Italian, ne. 
tho: in Spanith, Eaeldo ; in French, Ayer: in 
Englith, Dilljand Anet, 

a The Temperature, ; 

Dill, as Galea faith, is hor intheend of the 
fecond degree, and dry in the beginning of the 
fame, or in the end of the firft degree. 

@ The Vertues, 

Thedecoétion ofthe tops of dried Dil,and 
likewife of the feed, being drunke, ingendreth 
milke in the brefts ofnurfes,allayech gtipings 
and windinefle , pronoketh yrine, inereafeth 
feed, ftayeth the yeox,hicket,or hicquet,as-D/. 
ofcorides teacheth. : 

The feed likewife ifit be fmelled vnto ftay- 
eth the hicket, efpecially if ic be boyled in 
wine, but chiefely ifit be boyled in Worme- 
wood Wine,or Wine and a few branches of 
Worme-wood, and Rofe leaues , and the fto- 
macke bathed therewith. 

Galen faith, that being burnt and layd vpon 
moiftvlcers, it cureth them, efpecially thofe 
in the fecret.parts, and likewife thofe /wb Pre- 
putio, though they be old and of long continu- 
ance, 

i. Common oyle, inwhich Dill is boyled or funned,as we do oyle of Rofes,doth digeft,mitigare 
| crest fleepe,bringeth raw and vnconco.ted humors to perfe& digeftion,and prouoketh 
| bodily luft. 


| = a re a iets aie gn 


‘Cua. 43. Of Caruyaies. 


@ The Defiription. 


~_ 


| 

gf” © Aruwvaics have an hollow ftalke foure fquare,of two cubits high, full of knots or iaynts3 from 
| C which proceed fundry other {mall branches, fer full of leaues very finely cut or iagged; like 
| vnto thofe of Carrots or Dill : at the top of thé ftalkes grow {pokie white tufts like thofe of 
| Dill after whichcommeth the feed, fharpe in eating, yet ofa pleafanrtafte : the roor is likethat 
( Of Patfley, often white, feldome yellow, and in tafte like vnto the Carrot. 
Lo q| The Place. A 
© Tt groweth almoft cuery where in Germanie and in Bohemia, in fat and fruirfull fields, and in 


t medowes that are now and then ouer-run with water : it growethalfo in Caria, as Diofcorides (hew- 
- €th, from whence it tooke his name. 


The Time. 
It floureth and feedeth from May to the end of Auguft: ; 
, = a] The 


| 


ee ae 


a 


1034 ae) Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li s.2. 


Carum, fine Carcum, q The Names. 
: Caruwaies. Be ; | ; 
Cateivinw —Gemct Ic is called in Greeke wie : in Latine,Carwne 


leth it Carnabadion : in high- Dutch, dpm and 
Aspe! ¢ in low-Dutch, Carup faet : in 
French,dw Garny : in Italian,Caro : in Spanith, 
Caranea, and an article being ioyned vnto it, 
Alkarauea : in Englith, Caruwaie,and the feed 
is called Caruwaie feed. . 


a The Temperature. 


rate biting qualitic, 
q The Vertues. 


Ir confumeth winde, it is delightfull to the 
ftomacke and tafte,it helpeth concoction, pro- 


Parfenep or Carrot is. 


into Comfits, are very good for the ftomacke, 
they helpe digeftion, prouake vrine, affwage 
and diffolue all windineffe :to conclude ina 
word, they are anfwerable to Anife feed in o- 
peration and vertues, 


Cuar. 414. Of eAnnife. 
@ The Defcription. 


oe He ftalke of Annife is round and hollow, diuided into diuers {mall branches, fet with 


The feed of Caruwaies,as Galen faith, is hor ; 
and dry inthe third degree,and hath a mode- | 


uoketh vrine,and is mixed with counterpoy- - 
fons : the root may be fodder, and eatenas the } 


The feeds confected, or made with fugar : 


U 


and Careum : in fhops, (arui. Simeon Zethy cal- . 


leaues next the ground fomewhat broad and round : thofe that grow higher are more | 


iagged, like thofe of yong Parfley, but whiter : on the top of the ftalkes do ftand {po- 
kie rundles or tufts of white floures, and afterward feed, which hatha pleafant tafte as eucrie one 
doth know. i 


+ 2. Thisother Annife (whofe vmbels Clufius had out of England from Mafter Morgan the» 


Queenes Apothecarie, and James Garret ; and which were brought from the Philippines by M* 


Tho. Candifh in his voyage when he incompaffed the world) is thus deferibed by Clufivs : Thevm- | 


bels were large, no:lefle than thofe of the Archangelica,made of diuers thicke ftiffe foot-ftalks, 


eachwhereof carried hot double feed as the common Annife, but more, in a round head fome inch | 


ouer, made of cods fet ftat-fathion, fix,8,or more, of a dusky colour, wrinkled, dinided into two 
equall parts, and open aboue; Mott of thefe huskes were empty, yet {ome ofthem contained one 
fmooth fhining afh-coloured feed, of the bigneffe of that of Orebus ; the tafte and {mell was the 


fame with our common Anife feed, wherefore they which fent it to Clufivs called it Anife: yet in | 


the placewhere it grew it was called Damor ; for M'. Candi fh had the name fo written in the China 
chara éters, after theirimanner ofwrfiting.»+ 
@q The Place. 


It croweth plentifully in Candy, Syria, Egypt, and other countriesofthe Eaft. I haue often | 


hath broughe forth his ripe feed when the yeare hath fallen out to 


den, where it 


fowne it in my 


oc temperate. 


q rhe 


a 


Lis. 2, OF the Hiftory of Plants: 1035 


I Anifum, £ 2 Auifum Indicum frellatum, 
Anife, Starry headed Anife, 


a, 


(\ TON » 
HY oy NWZ 
OM 

\ 


eS 


ane. SES Ee 


© The Time, 
It is to be fowne in thefe cold regions in the moneth of May : the feed is ripe in Auguft, 
@ The Names: . ‘ 

It iscalled in Latine Anifum : in Grecke, ‘aver: inhigh-Dutch, Bnifs ¢ in low-Dutch, Aniflaet: 
in Italian, Avifo: in Spanith, Matahalua : in French, Anis - in Englith, Anife,and Annife feed, 
i q The Temperature. 

Galen writeth, That the feed of Anife is hot and dry in the third degree : after otherssit is hot in 
the fecond degree, and much lefle than dry in the fecond degree; for itingendteth milké,which it 
could not do if it were very dry, as Ga/e# in his chapter of Fennell doth whether hee will orno de- 
elare and teftifie ; in that it dothingender milke,his opinion is that it is not hot aboue the firft de- 
gree : which thing alfo may be in Anife feed, both by this reafon, and alfo becaufe it is {weet. 
Therefore to conclude, Anife feed is dry in the firft degree, and hot in the fecond. 

© The Vertues. 

The feed wafteth and confumeth winde, and is good againft belchings and vpbraidings of the ~ A’ 
tomacke, allayeth gripings of the belly, prouoketh vrine gently,maketh abotindance of milke, 
and ftirreth vp bodily luft: ir ftayeth the laske, and alfo the white flux inwomen. 

Being chewed it makes the breath fiveet, and is good for them that are fhort winded,and quen- 
cheth thirft, and therefore it is fit for fuchas haue the dropfie : it helpeth the yeoxing or hicket, 
both when it is drunken or eaten dry : the fmell thereof doth alfo preuaile very much. 

The fame being dried by the fire and taken with honey clenfeth the breft very much from fleg- C 
naticke {uperHuities : and ifit be eaten with bitter almonds it doth helpe the old cough. 

Iris'to be giuentoyong children and infants toeate which are like to haue the falling ficknes, D 
ot to firch as haue it by patrimonie or fucceffion. 

Te taketh away the Squinancie or Quincie (that is,a {welling in the thtoat) being gargled with . E 
lohiey, vineger, and a little Hy flop gently boiled together.’ 


4 


1036 im | Of the Hifterie of Plants: 


a 


— 


Cu A P. 4I4. 
Of Bifbops Weed, Herbe-William, or eAmeos. 


@ The Defcription. 


I 5 Bas common Ameos, efpecially withvs here in England,hath round greene ftalks,with 

diuers boughes and branches, and large long leaues, diuided into diuers other narrow 
Jong and {mall leaues, dented gr fnipt about the edges, hauing at the top of the ftalke white floures 
in great {poky tufts,which bring fortha little fharpe and bitter feed : the root thereof is whité and 
threddie. 

2 This excellent and aromaticall Ameos of Candy hath tufts and leaues like Dauens Creticus, 
and a root like vnto the garden Carrot, of a yellow colour,and hot feed like Origanum, of an excel- 
lent {picie fauour or fmell, growing in fpoky tufts or roundles like Carum - it hath beene brought 
from Candy and Syria into Venice, and from Venice into France, Flanders, and England, where 
we haue often fowne it ; but without doubt we haue beene beguiled therein by the deceitful drug- 
matters, who haue firft boyled it, or vfed fome qther falfe and deceitfull deuice, to bring greater 
admiration vnto the Venice treacle, for the confeétion whereof this feed is a chiefe and moft prins 
cipal] ingredient. 


Ammi vulgare. + 2 AmmiCreticum. 
Common Bifhops-weed. Candy Bifhops-weed. 


3 There is another kinde of Ameos, which is an herbe very fmalland tender, hauing ftalkes 2 
foot and a halfe high, very {mall and tender, befet with leaues like vnto Dill, finely iagged , and. 
fomewhat flender, and at the top of the ftalkes grow little tufts or fpokie white rundles, which 
afterwards do turne into fmall gray feed, hot and fharpe in tafte. ‘The root is {mall and flender. 

@ The Place. 

Thefe plants doall grow in my garden, except 4immi Creticum, whereof hath beene fufficient- 

lyfpokeninthedefeription, — i ; 


‘a The 


Lis,2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1037 


$3 Ammiperpufillum. | The Time, 
Small Bifhops-weed. 


They floure in Iune and Iuly, and yecld 

their feed in the end of Auguit, i 
q The Names? 

The Grecians call it*vuec: the Latines-alfo 
Ami: divers call it Caminum thiopicim : 
others, Cuminum Regium,or Comin Royall: in 
fhops, Ammios,or Ameos in the Genitiue cafe : 
the Germanes, Amep : in Eoglith, Ameos, or 
Ammi: of fome, Herbe-William, Bull-worr, 
and Bifhops-weed. 


@ The Temperature, 
The feed of Ameos is horand dry in the la- 
ter end of the third-degree, * 


@ The Vertues. rey 
It auaileth againft gtipingsof thebelly ih a 
making of vrinéagain{t the bitings of ferpents 
taken in wine, and alfo it bringeth downe the 
floures: being applicd with honey it taketh 
away-blacke and blew {pots which come of 
ftripes’: the feed of S7/o2 doth alfo the liké for 
itishotanddry, and that in the third degree , 
likewife of thin, parts, prouoking vrine,-and 
bringing downe the de fired fickneffe, 
es ; a Thefeed of Ameos is good. to be drunken B 
\ inwineagainft thebiting of all manner of ve- 
eerie (\A\ Se nomousbeafts,and hath power againft all ma- 
{. 4 ner of poyfon & péftilent feuers,or the plague, 
‘ rca Se and is vfed.in the corre@ting of Cantharides, 
Cn HAS HS whereby thofe flies are made medicinable to 
beapplied tothe body withoutdanger. 
‘Ameos brayed and wingled with honey feattereth congealed bl6ud,and putteth away blacke © 
and blew markes which come by ftripes or falls, if it be applied thereto in manner of a-plaifter, é 


‘} The Sgnrewhich was formerly in the fecond place was of the Hitpomarathtum album\ of Tabernamontanns. 


Cuar.4qis. Of Cheruill 


: The Defcription. : 4 
tr He leaues of Cheruill are flender,and diuerfly cut,fomething hairy,of a whitith green : 
‘ the ftalks be hort, flender,round, and hollow within,which at the firft rogether with 
the leaucs are of awhitith green, but tending toa red when the {eeds are tipe: the floures be white, 
ee grow vpon {cattered tufts. ‘The feed is long, narrow, flender,tharpe pointed : the root is full of 
rings. Nc 
+ . 2 Thereis found in Iune and Luly, almoft in eueric hedge, a certaine plant which 7 aber- 
namont and Banhine fitly cal Cherophyllum ox Cerefolium (ylucftre,and the figure was vnfitly giuen by 
our Author for Thy/feliaum : It hatha whitifh wooddy root, from which arife round red and hairy 
ftalkes fome twocubits high, fometimes more, and oft times. fomewhat big and fwolne about the 
ioynts,and they are not hollow but full of pith ; toward the top it is diuided into fundry branches, 
which ontheir tops carry vmbels of {mall pure white little floures,which are fuceceded by longith 
feeds. The leaues are vitally parted into three chiefe parts,and thefe againe fubdiuided into fue, 
-and they are fnipt about the edges, foftand hairy, ofa darke greene or elfe reddifh colour. It flou- 
-rech in Iuneand Luly, and thenripens the feed. + | hel , 

3 Great Cheruill hath large leaues deepely cut or iagged, in fhew vety like vnto Hemlocks, 
ofavery good and pleafant {mell and. tafte like vnto Cheruill, and fomething hairy,which bath 
 caufed vs to callit feet Cheruill. Among thefe leaues rifeth yp a ftalke fomw hat crefted or fut- 
| rowed, of the height of two cubits, at the top where io) fpoky tufts or rundles Saas 

: ; { F OUTES 


floures, which do turne into long browne crefted and fhining feed, one feed being as big as foure 
Fennell {ceds,which being greene do tafte like Anife feed. The rooris great, thi¢keand long, as 
big as Enula Campana, exceeding {weet in fmell, and tafting like vnto Anife feeds, 


1 Cor TA Ee LEE EH a celia le 
Scandi, Heinen Char Ae N EE bol Mos 
Res iH adn k Wisse j : : 
| Wy WY \ 4 

Sir INGN Y= 
Zs 
i tse, Wa 
Ae NAWAG 


Se 
aN) 


ge 
$ 4 There is found in fome parts of the Alps, as about Geneua and in other places,another 
had Myrrhis, which in the leaues and vmbels is like thatof the laft deferibed, but the whole plant is 
a r ae if leffe , the feed is long, fmall, fmooth, and fhaped like an Oat, and in tafte fomewhat like that of 
‘ ee } i the Daucus Creticus. Lobel hath this by the fame name as we here giue it you, 
ae "| : s_ About mud walls, high-wayes, and {uch places,here about Condon,and in diuers other pla- 
‘: Hi, it 4" ces, is found growing a fmall plant, which inall things but the {mell and height agrees with that 


{mall and white, perifhing euery yeare when it hath perfected his feed : the ftalks are flender,hol- 
low, fmooth, and not hairy, feldome exceeding the height ofa cubit,or cubit and halfe ; it is diui- 
i} ded into fundry branches,vpon the fides whereof againft the fetting on of the Ieaues,or out of their 
i bofomes, grow forth the f{talks, which carry vmbels of fmall white floures: after which follow the 
feeds, growing two together, and thefe longifh, rough, round, and hairy, about the bigneffe of A- 
j nife feeds, The leaues are fmall, and finely cut or dinided like thofe of Hemlock, but of awhitith 
Ra colour, and hairy ; it comes vp in March, floures in May, and ripens his feed in Tune. In Italy they 

{ eatc the yong leaues in fallads,and call it wilde Cheruile : we may in Englith for diftintions fake 
call it {mall Hemlocke Cheruill. 

6 To thefe we may fitly adde that plant which in the Ai. Lugd, is called Citntaria déba,and by 
Camerarius Cicutaria paluftris ; for it floures at the fame time with the laft méntioned, and is found 
in floureand feed in May and Tune very frequently almoft inall places , butafterwards his ftalkes 
die downe, yet his roots liue,and the leaues are greene all the yeare. The root of this is very large, 
and diuided into fundry parts, white al fo and fpungic, of a pleafing ftrong {mell, with abot and — 
biting tafte : the ftalks grow vp in good ground to be fome three cubits high, and they ate hollow, 
ioynted, pretty thicke, preene, and much crefted, fending forth of the bofomes of the Ieanes many 
branches, which vpon their tops carry vmbels compofed of many white floures, each floure confi- 
fing of fiue little leaues, whereof the loweft is twice as big as the reft,the two fide_ones leffe, and 
the vppermoft the leaft of alJ, The leaues are large like thofe of Myrrhis, but ofa dark green cole 

an 


t 
a 
pian . \| awe referred to this kinde by Fabius Columna, and called Myrrhis 2quicolorum noua : The roothereof is 
M4 R 1 o a 
4 
1 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 1039 


Lis. 2 
and thofe that grow about the tops of the ftalkes are commonly diuided into into three parts, 
thefe fubdiuided into fundry long fharpe pointed and fniptleaues likeas in Atyrrhs., The le 
grow two together,being longith,round, fharpe pointed,blacke,and thining. We may fi 
this plant,wilde Cicely, for that it fo much refembles the Myrrhis or garden Cicely, nt onely in 


fhape, but (if be not deceiued) in vertues alfo. $ 


tly terme 


3 Cere(olinm maguum, fine Myrrhis. BPyzl Myrr bis altera parua. 
Great pelt or Myrrh. Small {weer Cheruill. 
‘s cam L0o. OLOL OL 


vA 


> ‘i WN f ' d e 2 xh NG 


GZ 


y—— 


es 


q The Place. 

The common Cheruill groweth in gardens with other pot-herbes : it profpers ina ground that 
is dunged.and fomewhat moift. The great {weet Cheruill groweth in my garden, andinthe gar- 
dens of other men who haue been diligent in thefe matters. 

Fhe Time. 
“ ‘Thefe herbes do floure imMay, and their feed is ripe in July. 
" q The Names. 

Chetuill is commonly called in Latine Cevefolium,and as diuers altirme, Cherofolium, with o in 
the fecond fyllable. Colwmellanameth ic Cherephylum, and it is thought to be fo called becaufe it 
delighteth to grow with many leaues,or rather in that it caufeth ioy and gladnes : in high-Dutch, 
A.02 fEelkvaut $ in low-Dutch, Revuell ¢ in Iealian, Cerefoglio : in French, Du Cerfueit : in Englith, 
Cheruell,and Cheruill. 

Myrrius is alto called Myrrha, taken from his pleafant fauour of Myrrh : of fome, Conila, as it is 
found noted among the baftard names. Itisalfo, by reafon of the fimilitude it hathwith Hem- 
locke, called by moft late writers, Cicutaria, Of this, Pliny maketh mention,/ib.24. cap.16. where 
he reporteth chat itis called SmyrrhiXa: in Englith it iscalled Cheruill, feet Chernill, or fivece 
Wicely. 

@ The Temperature andVertues. 

Cheruill is held tobe one of the pot-herbes, it is pleafant to the ftomacke andtafte:it is of a 
temperate heate and moderate drineffe, but nothing fo much as the Parfleyes. 

It prouoketh vrine, efpecially being boyled in wine,and applied hor tothe fhare or nethcrmoft 
part of the belly, and the wine drunke in which it was boyled. 

Ithath in it a certaine windineffe by meanes whereof it procureth luft, | 

Tr is vfed very much among the/Dutch people inakindeof Loblolly or hotch-pot which they 


do eate,called VWarmus. 
. Sift fe The 


E 


G 


H 


fex5 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. kag 


,. Theleaues of fweet Cheruill are exceeding good,wholefome,and pleafant,among other faliad 
herbs, giuing the tafte of Anife feed vnto the reft. 

The root, faith Galen,is hot in the fecond degree,hauing a thinneffe of fubftance ioined with ir. 

Diofcorides teacheth,that the root drunke in wine is a remedie againft the bitings of the veno- - 
mous fpiders called in Latine Phalangia ; and that it bringeth downe the menfes and fecondines ; 
and being boyled and drunke it is good for fuch as haue the pty fick or confumption of the lungs. 

The feeds eaten asa fallad whileft they are yet greene, with oyle,vineger,and pepper,exceed all 
other fallads by many degrees, both in pleafantnefle of tafte,fweetneffe of fmell,and wholfomnefte 
for the coldand feeble ftomacke. 

The roots are likewife moft excellent in a fallad, if they be boyled and after dreffed as the cun- 
ning Cooke knoweth how better thanmy felfe : notwithitanding I doe vfe to eate them with oile 
and vineger, being firft boyled ; which is very good for old people that are dul] and without coy- 
rage ; itreioyceth and comforteth the heart, and increafeth their luft and ftrength. , 


Cuar. 417. Of Shepheards needle or wilde (heruill 


G The Defcription. 

I Candix, or Pecten Veneris, doth not much differ in the quantitie of the ftalks, leaues, and 

floures, from Cheruill , but Scandix hath no fuch pleafant {mell as Cheruill hath; the 

leaues be leffer, more finely cut, and ofa browne greene colour : the floures grow ac 

the top of the ftalkes in {mall white tufts ; afterwhich come vp long feeds very like vnto pack-nee- 

ddles,orderly fet one by another like the great teeth ofa combe, whereof it rooke the name Peter 
Yencris,or Venus combe,or Venus needle : the root is white, a finger long. 

1 Pecten Venerts, fine Scandix. 


Shepheards needle,or Venuscombe, | 
eG ar db tn — Neprenres, 


$.2 Scandix minor, fine Anthrifcuss 
Small Shepheards needle. ~ 


¢ 2 This from a flender long and whitith root fends vp many fmall leaves like thofe of the laft 
defcribed,but of a pleafing {mell and tafte fomething like that ofthe common Cheruill -amongft 
thefe leaues grow vp flender ftalks a little hairy,diuided into {hort green and {lender branches car- 
rying little ymbels,confitting of flue, fix,feuen,or eight {mal white floures,compofed of fiue leaues 


apiece, 


F Lien Gua 


apiece, with adarke putplifh chiue in the middle : the floures are fucceeded by,or rather @rOW Vp- 
on long flender cods, which become fome inch long, and refemble thofe of the laft deferibed. It 
floures in June, as Clufizs affirmeth , who giues vs the hiftory of it; and he receiued it from Hono- 
rius Bells out of Candy ; whowrites, that in the Spring time it is much vfed in fallads, and defi- 
red, for that it much excites to Venery. He alfo thinks this plant tobe the Aushrifews of Pliny,and 
by the fame name Clufizs fets it forth. Colwmuahath called tt Anifo-marathrum, becaufe the fmell 
and tafte is betweene that of Anifeand Fennell. + 
| The Place, 
: 3 Ste aie : ; av Ae 
It groweth in moft corne fields in England, efpecially among wheate and barley; 
| The Time. 
It floureth in May : the (eed is ripe in Auguft with corne. 
The Names. 

The Latines call it Scandix, hauing borrowed that name of the Grecians, who call it2«sdz : we 
finde among the baftard words, that the Romans did call it Scavaréa, and Acula, of the feed that is 
likevntoancedle. vclliws defcribeth it vnder the name Pecten Veneris : of others, Acus Veneris,and 
Acus Paftoris,oy Shepheards Needle, wilde Cheruill, and Ladies combe :in high-Dutch, Saelde 
Aaenel ; This is chat herbe (faith Plizy,l:b.22.cap.22.) which Art/lophanes obicéted in {port tothe 
Poet Euripides, that his mother was wont to fell no right pot-herbe but Scandix , or Shepheards 
needle, meaning, as I take it, é/#aga, wherewith the Spaniards doe picke their teeth when they 
a > c 4 <? e = 
have eaten no meate at ajl except a few oranges or fucha like trifle, called alfo Scapdix. 

| The Temperature, . 

Shepheards needle, faith Galew,is an herbe fomewhat binding,and bitter in tafte,infonuch thar 

it is hotand dry either in the later end of the fecond degree,or in the beginning of the third, 
@ TheVertues. 

Diofcorides faith it is eaten both raw and boyled, and that itis an wholefome pot-herbe amon 
the Greekes ; but in thefe dayes it is of {mall eftimation or value,and taken but for a wilde Wort, 
asappeareth by 4ri/tophanes taunting Of Euripides,as aforefaid. 

The decoStion thereof is good for the bladder, kidneyes,and liuer; but as I deeme hee meant 
Cheruill, when he fet the fame downe to be vfed in phyficxe. 


Cuar. 418. Of Looth-picke Cheruill. 


ee @] The Defcription. 


rf #~ He firk of thefe Tooth-picke Cheruils beareth leaues likewilde Turneps, a round 

ftalke furrowed, ioynted,blackith, and hairy,diuided into many branches,on the tops 

whereof grow {pokie tafts, befet round about with many {mall leaues. The floures 

thereof are whitith ; after commeth the the feed,which being once ripe do clufter and are drawne 

together, ina round thicke tuft likea fimall birds neft,as be thofe of the wilde Carrot, whofe feeds 

whofo toucheth,they will cleauc and fticke to his fingers, by reafon of the glutinous or flimie 

miatter they are poffe fled with, The root is fmalland whitith, bitter in tafte, as is all the reft of 
the plant. 

2 The Spanifh Tooth-picke hath leaues, floures, and knobby ftalkes like vnto wilde carrots, 
fauing that the leaves are fomewhat finer, cut or iagged thicker, and tenderer, but not rough or 
hairy at alas is the former, ofa bitter tafte,and a reafonable good {mell : among which rife vp bu- 
fhic rundles or fpokie tufts like thofe ofthe wilde Carrot or Birds nett, clofely drawne together 
when the feed is ripe , at what timealfo the fharpeneedles are hardned, fit to make Tooth-pickes 
and {uch like, forwhich purpofe they do very fitly ferue. 

@ The Place. 
Both of them grow in Syria, and moft commonly in Cilicia : the lateris to be found likewife 
in Spainealmoft euery where ;and I haue it likewifein my garden in great plentie, 
@ The Time. 
They floure in my garden about Auguft, and deliuer their {eed in O. tober, 
a The Names, 

That which the Grecians call riser, the Latines do likewife name Gingidium : and it is called 
in Syria Lepidinm : yet is there another Lepidium It is reported among the baftard names to be cal. 
led by the Romans, Bifacutum » of which name fome thew remaines among the Syrians, who com- 
monly call the later, Ging idinm, Vifnaga : this is named in Epglith, Tooth-picke Cheruill, 

S{{L 3 ne Ths 


B 


eae Lage 


1 Gingidium latifolium. 2 Gingidinm Hifpanicum, 
Broad Tooth-picke Cheruill, Spanith Tooth-picke Cheruil]. 
Trday lism Sajpiaauom. 


' Gq The Temperature and F ertues. 
) A. There is, faith Galen,ereat increafe of Gingidinm im Syria,and it is eaten no otherwife than Scan- 
iad dex is with vs at Pergamum : it is, faith he, very wholefome forthe ftomacke, whether it be eaten 
i : raw or boyled, notwithftanding it is euident that it isa medicine rather thana nourifhment. ‘As 
} it is bitter and binding, fo is it likewifeofa temperate heate and drinefle, The heate is not very ap- 
? . parant, butit is found tobe dry in the Jaterend of the fecond degree,as alfo the faid Author alled- 
BPyated ate ‘| gethin his difcourfe of the faculties of fimple medicines. 
ile ai p ~ Diefcorides doth alfo write the fame : This pot-herbe (faith he) is eaten raw,fodden, and prefer- 
i} eh ~ uedwith great good tothe ftomacke ; it prouoketh vrine,and the decogion thereof madewith 
| wine and drunke, is profitable ro feoure the bladder, prouoketh vrine, and is good againft the gra- 
| bby ucll and ftone, 
! c _ Thehard quills whereon the feeds do grow are good to cleanfe the teeth and gums,and do eafi- 
aria iH ly take away all filth and baggage flicking in them, without any hurt vnto the gums, as followeth 
{ iy | after many other Tooth-picks,and they leaue a good fent or fauor in the mouth, 
t 1 H i 
Gai title bk — 2a = ase leiden oa ee 
hi i i 
i aaa OE C Of Med he Medowes 
tat nar.4ig. OfeMede-fweet,or Queene of the Medowes. 
¢ i ' 
| ) 1 G The Defcription, 
an f ‘| 
ei I T His herbe hath leaues like thofe of Agrimonie,confifting of diuers Ieaues fet vpona mid- 
} 4 j dle rib | 
mS ‘y { rat on the inner f 
moa: whereof it toc 
H Elme leauc 


- or foure foot high, rough, and very fragile or eafie to bee 
: on the top whereof are very many little floures elute 
| ta white colour tending to yellowneffe, and of a pleafant fweete 

ly " : finell, 
Lie : 


broken’, of a te 


Tne and srowin 


i gor sa Of the Hiftory of Pints. 4043" 


fmel,as are the leaues likewife: after which 


1 Regina prati. come the feeds, fmall, crookedly turning or 
Qugene ofthe Medows : winding one with another, made into a fine 


G6 A NADY « little head, The root hath a fweet {inel, fpre- 
e ding far abroad, blacke without , and of a 
darkith red colour within. 

+ 2 There is alfo another which by 
Fuch/ins,T rag us Lonicerus ,Gefirer and others, 
iscalled Barba Capris it hath large wooddie 
rootes, leaues of the bigneffe, and growing 
fomewhat after the manner of the wild An- 
gelica : the ftalks are crefted,and diuided in- 
to fundry branches, which carry long ben- 
ding {pikes or eares of white floures & feeds 
fomewhat like thofe of the commonkinde. 
This floures at the fame time as the forme?, 
and I haue not yetheard of itwildewithvs, 
but onely feene it growing with M", Trade(- 
Cant. + 

q Te he Place. 

Itgroweth in the brinkes of waterie dit- 
ches and riuers fides, and alfoin medowes: 
it liketh waterie and moift places,and grow- 
eth almoft eucry where, 


@| the Time. 
It flourethand flourifheth in Iune, Iuly, 
and Auguft. 


q The Names. 

It is called of the later age Regina prati,& 
Barba Capri:of fome, V naria, a foliorum V lmi 
fimilitudine, from the likeneffe it hath with the Elme tree leafe: in high Dutch, Seifbart, Iris 
called Barba Hirci, which name belongeth tothe plant which the Grecians do call Tragopogop: of, 
Anguillara, Potentilla maior. \t hath fome likeneflewith Rhodora Pliny, but yet wecannot aftirme it 
tobethe fame. It iscalled inlow Dutch ejinette in French, Barbe de Cheure,Reine des Praiz: in 
Englith, Meadef-fiveer, Medow-fweet, and Queene of the medowes. Camerarius of Noremberg 
faith it is called of the Germanes his countrimen, yBurnte kraut : becaufe the roots, faith he, feem 
to be eaten with wormes. I rather fuppofe they call it fo,becaufe the antient hackny men and horf- 
leaches do giue the decoction therof to thezr horfes and afles, againft the bots and wormes, for the 
which it is greatly commended. 

; @| The Temperature. 
Mede-fweet is cold and drie,withan euident binding qualiticadioined. 
q The Vertues, 
Theroot boiled,or made into pouderand drunke,helpeth the bloudy flix,ftaicth the laske,and Aj 
all other fluxes of bloud in man or woman. , 
It is reported, that the floures boiled inwine and drunke, do take away the fits ofa quartainea- B 
gue,and make theheart mertic. 
The leaues and floures farre excell all other ftrowing herbes, for todecke vp houfes,to ftraw in © 
chambers, halls, and banqueting houfes inthe fommer time; for the fmell thereof makes the heart 
merrie,delighteth the fenfes : neither doth it caufe head-ache, or lothfomeneffe to meat, as fome 
other fiweet fmelling herbes do. Pee: 
The diftilled water of the floures dropped into the cies, taketh away the burning and itching D 


thereofjand cleareth the fight. 
\ . i 


a 
Cuar. 420. Of Burnet Saxifraget 


| The Defcription. 
I His sreatkinde of Pimpinell,or rather Saxifrage,hath great and long roots, fafhioned 


likea Parfnep,ofan hot and biting tafte like Ginger : from which rifeth vp an ow 
sie bats hao oe 2 aa 3 fhalke 


os 


— 


[a 
i 
tie 
a 
{ 


1X ) 5 : 
a ‘ \ a 
’ } nA 6 } muawellon SON GG 2 
Jato wrttet ou rae NEON \ i 


a aes ai = 


104.4, ~ Of the Hiftory of Planes. | Lye, 22 


{talkewith ioints and knees two cubits high,befer with large leaues, which do more neerely repre 
p | } st ~ c 
fent Smailage than Pimperncll,or rather the garden Parfnep. This plant confifteth of many {mall 
£ aed ‘ : . 
leaues rowing vpon one ftem, {nipt or dented about the edges likea faw : the floures do grow at 
PEON Wiedden hehe > i ; carats ok i s do growa 
the top of the ftalkes in white round tufts: the feed is like the common Parfley, fauing that it is 
hotter and biting vpon the tongue. 


+  Therei erand leffer of this kinde, which differ little,but that the ftalkes and veins of 
the leaues of the leficr are ofa purplith colour, and the root is hotter.Our Authour formerly gaue 
the figure of the leffer inthe fecond place,in ftead of that of Bipinella, + 


$abdi 


t 2 Bipinella, five Saxifraga minor, 
age. Small Burnet Saxifrage, 


sien 
Dy, 
iL 


ais likewife a kinde of Burnet or Pimpinell pon which Pera hath beftowed this ad- 
uderwhich name Saxifraga are comprehended diuers herbs of diuers kinds, 

her ; but that kinde of Saxifrage which is called Hircinawhich is 
's Bipinella,is beft knowne,and the beft ofall the reft,like vnto the 
fauing that it is void of haires,as m ay appeare by the old Latine 


and the onevery vn 
rough or hairie Sax: 
{mall Bu 
verfe, 


aga non habet vllos. 
le, but Saxiftage hath none. 
de hereof growing in our paftures adioining té6 London, the 
nderly breake with your hands, you may draw forth fmall threds 
cli as you may dyaw from the leaues of Scabious. The ftalke is hollow, 
© 10ints or knees, into fundry other fmall branches; at the top whereofdoe 
les, of a white colour : after which commeth the feed ‘like to Cart 
rpe tafte : the toot is alfo (h arpe and hot in tafte. 
@ The Place, 
Srow in drie paftures and medowes in this countrey very plentifully, 
gq The Time. 
lune to the end of Auguit. 
Gq The Names, F 

(n Pimpinclla maior, Dodoneus termeth Saxifragia maior, which kinde 

ely anfiver the true Phellandrinm of Pliny,than any other ae what- 
* foeuer : 


on 
} 


So Se Poe 
Thefe Piants dc 


That which Fuch/, 
of Saxifrage doth nor 


| Lise. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1045 
foeuer: wherein the Phy fitions of Paris haue been deceiued, calling or fuppoting the medow Rue 
to be the right Phelandrinm,whereunco it is not like either in fhape or facaltie ; for it is nothing fo 
effe dual! in breaking the ftone,or prouoking of vrine,as either of thefe plants,e {pecially Pimmpiinel 
fa Hircinawhich is not fo called,becaufe it hath any rammifh fimell ofa goat, but becaufe practi- 
tioncrs haue vfed to feed goats with itwhofe feth and bloud is fingular good againtt the ftone;but 
werather take it to be named Hircina,of Hircinia (ylua,where it doth grow in great abundance , the 
fauour of the herbe not being vnpleafant,fomewhat refembling the {mell and tafte of Daucus, Lign- 
frumand Paffinaca ; fo to conclude,both thefe are called Saxifragéa: thefmaller is called of fome 
Petrefindula,Bipinella, and Bipenula : of Baptifta Sardus , andal{o of Leonardus Fuchfius, Pimpinellama- 
for : wherefore diuers call it Pimspinella Saxifraga : for there isalfo another Pimpinella, called Pimpi- 
nella Sanguiferba : notwithftanding the verfe before rehearfed fhewetha difference betweene Pim- 
pinella and Saxifraga: in high Dutch, it is called Bibernels in Low Dutch sSauenaert ¢ in Englith 
the greater may be called great Saxiftage, and the other fimall Saxifrage. 

Bipinella is called Saxifragia minor: in Englifh,Small Saxifrage,as Pimpinella is called great Saxi- 
frage, £ Columna iudges it to be the Tragium of Diofcorides. ¢ 
The Nature. 
Saxifrage of both kindes,with their feed, leaues,and roots,are hot and drie in che third degree, 
and of thin and fubrill parts. 


q The vertues. 

The feed and root of Saxifrage drunken with wine, or the deco tion thereof made with wine, A 
¢caufeth to piffe well,breaketh the ftone in the kidnies and bladder,and is fingular againft the {tran- 
gurie,and the ftoppings of the kidnies and bladder : whereof it tooke the name Sax/fr.gia,or breake 
ftone. 

The iuice of the leaues of Saxiftage doth clenfe and take away all {pots and freckles of the face, B 
and leaueth a good colour. 1g iy 

The diftilled water thereof mingled with fome vineger in the diftillation,cleareth thefight,and © 
taketh away all ob{curitie and darkneffe of the fame. ; 


Cuar, 421, Of Burnet 


§ PimpineRa hortenfise ; + 2 Pimpinella Siluefiris. 
_ GardenBurnet. pes gv g Wilde Bygnet: se 
(Byepaeee : S ot sie . Ory variod Oy 


SS 


< 


“y046 the Hiftorie of Plants. Lapa 


d @ The Kinds. 

yrnet of which we will intreat,doth ditfer from Pimpinella, which is alfo called Saxifraga. One } 
of the Burnets is leffer,for the moft part growir g 10 gardens, rotwithftanding it groweth in 
barren fieldes, where it is much {maller: the other greater, is altogither wilde, 


@ The Defcription, 


I Arden Burnet hath long leaves made vp together ofa great many von one flem,cue-. 
ry one whereof is fomething round,nicked on the edges,fomwhathaine:among thefe | 
rifeth a ftalke that isnot altogether without leaues, fomething chamfered : vpon the | 

tops whereof grow little round heads or knaps,which bring forth {mall flouresof a browne purple 
colour,and after them cornered feeds, which are thruft vptogether. The rootis long : the whole | 
plant doth fmell fomething likea Melon,or Cucumber, | 

2 Wilde Burnet is greater inall parts, ithath widerand bigger leaues than thofe of the for- 
mer : the ftalke is longer, {ometimes two cubits high : the knaps are greater, of a darkc purple co} 
lour,and the feed is likewife cornered and greater:the root longer,but this Eurret hath no pleafant 
fmellarall. 

$ 3  Thereis keptin {ome gardens another of this kinde, with very large leaues, ftalkes, andi 
heads, for the heads are fome inch and halfe long, yet but flender confidering the length, and tha 
floures(as I remember) are ofa whitith colour: in other refpects it differs not from the precedent: 
it may fitly be called Pimpinella fang uiforba hortenfis maxima,Great GardemBumet. ¢ 

q,. The Place, 

The fmall Pimpinell is commonly planted in gardens, notwithftanding it doth grow wilde Vp- 
on many barren heaths and paftures. 

The great wilde Burnet groweth(as M*.Zyte faith) in dry medowes about Viluord,and my felfe 
haue found it growing vpon the fide of a caufey which croffeth the one halfe of a field,whereof the 
one part is earable ground,and the other partmedow,lying between Paddingtonand Ly flon green. 
neere vnto London , vpon the high way. 

@. (The Time. 

They floure from Iune,vnto the'end of Auguft. 

_  G The Names. 

The later herbarifts doe call Burnet Pimpinella fanguiforba, that it may differ from the orher,andi 
yet it is called by feuerall names, anguiforba,and Sanguinaria : Ge(per had rather it fhould be called 
Peponella of the {mell of Melons or Pompions,to which it is like,as we haue faid : of others it is na- 
med Pimpinella,ox Bipennala - of mot men,Solbaffrella : in High Dutch, Aolbleskraut, her Gots 
Bartlin,wlutkraut meqelkrautiin French, Psmpennelle,Sanguiforbe: in Englith,Burnet. lt agreeth 
cum altera D iofcoridts S:deritide, that is to faywith D#ofcorides his {econd Iron-woort:the leafe (and 
efpecially that of the leffer fort)which we haue written to confift of many nicks in the edges of the 
Ieaues,and this may be the very fame which Pliny inhis 24 book,chapter 17.reporteth to be named. 
in Perfia, Siffitsepterss,becaufe irmade them merry ; he alfo calleth the fame Protomedia, and Cafi¢- 
neta,and likewife Diony/ienymphas,for that it doth maruelloufly agree with wine;towhich alfo this 
Pimpinella(as we haue faid )doth gine a pleafant fent: neither is that repugnant, that P/imy in ano-= 
ther place hath written, De Sideritibus, of the Iron-woorts ; forit often falleth out that he intreas 
steth ofoneand the felfe fame plant in diuers places,vnder divers names:which thing then hapnetht 

| fooner when the writers them{elues do not well know the’plant, as that P/my did not well know si 
f si deritis or Iron-woort,it is euen thereby manifeft, becaufe he fetteth not downe his owne opiniom 
i hereof,but other mens. 


| The Temperature. 
Burnet,befides the drying and binding facultie that it hath,doth likewife meanly coole:and the 
leffer Burnet hath likewife withalla certaine fuperficiall, fleight,and temperate fent, which when 
{tas put into the wine it doth leaue behind it: this is not in the dry herbe ,in the iuice , nor in the 
decottion. 
i } ; @ The Vertues. 
bad ai A _ Burnet isa fingular good herb for wounds(which thing Diofcerides doth attribute to his fecond 
4 Tronwoort)and commended of a number : it ftancheth bleeding, and therefore it was named Saz- 
guiforba,as well inwardly taken, as outwardly applied. 
B Either the iuice is giuen,or the decoction of the pouder of the drie leaues of the herbe, beeing 
bruifed,it is outwardly applied or elfe put among other external! medicines. 
Cc It ftaieth the laskeand bloudy flix: it is alfo moft effeGuall to {top the monthly courfe. 
D- The leffer Burnet is pleafant tobe eaten in fallads,in which it is thought to make the heart mer- 
ry and glad,as alfo being put into wine,towhich it yeeldeth a certaine grace in the drinking. 


niet oi a 


he 


arr “Of the Hittory of Planes. 1047 


The decoétion of Pimpinel! drunken, éuteth the bloudy flix,the {pitting ofbloud,and all other 
axes of bloud in man or woman. 

The herbe and feed made into pouder,and drunke withwine, or water wherein iron hath beene 
uenched doth the like. 

The leaues of Pimpinell are vety good t6 heale wounds, and are teceiued in drinkes that ate made 
xf inward wounds, 

The leaues of Burnet fteeped in wine and-drunken, comfort the heart,and make it mefry,and are 
ood againft the trembling and fhaking theteof, 


Cuar. 422. Of Engliff Saxifrages 
@ The Defeription, 


i T His kinde of Saxifrage our Englith women Phyfitions haue in great vie, and is famili« 

atly knowne vnto them,vouch{afing that name vnto it of his vertues againft the {tone:it 

ath the leaues of Fennel, but thicker and broader,very like vnto S¢/eli pratenfé,Mon|pelienfium(which 

ddition Pesa hath beftowed vpon this out Englifh Saxifrage) among which rifeth vp a ftalke,ofa 

ubit high or more,bearing atthe top {pokie rundles befet with whitifh yellow floures : the root 
s thicke,blacke without,and white within,and of a good fauour. 


“for Saxifraga Anglicana facie Sefeli pratenyis. 4 2 Saxifraga PannonicaClufy. 
' + Englifh Saxiftage. Auftrian Saxiftage. 
a eaewe: ann dhanrd, 


$a Clufias hath fet forth another plant not much different from this our common Saxifrage; 
and called it Saxifraga pannonica,which Ihaue thought fit here to infert:the leaus,faith he,are much 
fhorter than thofe of Hogs-Fennell, and fomewhat like thofe of Fumiitorie’: the ftalkes are fome 


foot high, {lender,hauing fom 
Do >) + as . eit ele 
the root is not much vnlike that of Hogs-Fennel,but fhorter and more acride:it is hairie at the top 


thereof» 


F 
G 
H 
I 


¢ few {mall leaues,and at the top carrying an vmbel of white flouress 


= o48 E 


thereof,whence the ftalkes and leales come forth: it growes vpon{ome hils in Hungarie and Au, 
S 


ftria,and floures in Iuly. + 
q The Place, 


__ Saxifrage groweth in moft fields and medowes cuery where throughout this our kingdome of 
"England, ; 1d7 be 
@ The Time. 
It floureth fromthe beginning of May tothe endofAugutt. 
q The Names. 

Saxifraga Anglscanais called in our mother tongue Stoné-breake or Englifh Saxifrage’: Pena 
and Lobel call it by this name Saxifraga Anglicana : for that it groweth more plentifully in England 
than in any other countrey. 

@ The Nature. 
Stone-breake is hotand driein the thitrdWegree. 
The Vertues, 
A A decoéion made with the feeds and roots of Saxifrage,breaketh the ftone in the bladder and 
kidneies,helpeth the ftrangurie,and caufeth one to piffe freely. | 
B The root of Stone-breake boiled in wine,and the decoction drunken, bringeth downe womens 
fickneffe,expelleth the fecondine and dead childe. ; 
C Therootdried and made into pouder,and taken with {ugar,comforreth and watmeth the ftomack, 
cureth the gnawings and griping paines of the belly. yfA3 
D  - Ithelpeth the collicke, and driveth away ventofities or windinefle. 
E Our Englith women vfe to put it in their running or rennet for cheefe, efpecially in Chefhire 
where Iwas borne) where thebeft cheefe of this Land is made.* * : ) 2 


Cuar. 423. Of Siler Mountaine or.baftard Lonage. 


} 2 Sefeli pratenfe Mon pelign fine 


¢ 1 Siler montanum Officinarum. 


Baftard Louage. Horfe Fennell. 


Ns 


Se aN 4) 
ET I 


N Vea 
| 


a 


104 


~ Lipe2- Of the Hiftory of Plants: 


© The Defcription. 


He naturall plants of Sefe/i, being now better knowne than intimes patt, efpecially a- 
: mong, out Apothecaries, iscalled by them Siler montanum, and Sefeleos : this plant they 
hauc retained to verygood purpofe and confideration; but the errour of the name hathcaufed di- 
uers of our Jate writers to erre, and to fuppefe that Siler montanum, called in fhops,Sefeleos, was no 
other than S¢(eliMa/ilien{i um of Diofcortdes, But this plant containeth inhis fubftance much more 
acrimony, fharpeneffe,and efficacy inworking,than any of the plants called Se/é/os. It hath ftalkes 
Jikg Ferula;two cubitshigh. ‘The root fmelleth like Ligu/ticum - the leaues are very much cutor 
diuided like the leaues of Fennell or Sefeli Mafsilienfe, and broader than the leaues of Pesedanum., 
“At the top of the ftalkes grow fpoky tufts like Angelica, which bring forth a long and leafie feed 
like Cumine,of a pale colour ; in tafte feeming as though it were condited with fugar,but withal! 
fomewhat fharpe, and fharper than Seféli pratenfe. 

2 Thereis afecond kinde of Siler which Pena and Lobel fet forth vnder the ticle Of Sefeli praten- 

fe Monfpelienfium, which Dodoneus in his aft edition calleth Siler praten{é alterum, that is in fhew 
very like the former, the ftalkes thereof grow to the height of twocubits, but his leaues are fome- 
what broader and blacker: there are not fo many Jeaues growing vpon the ftalke,and they are leffe 
diuided than the former, and areof littlefauour. The feed is fmaller than the former,and fauou- 
ring very little or nothing. The root is blacke without,and white within,diuiding it felfe into fun- 


dry diuifions. 


I 


@ The Place. 
It groweth of it felfein Liguria, not far from Genua in the craggy mountaines, and inthe gars 


dens of diligent Herbarifts. : 
q The Time. 


Thefe plants do floure from Iune to the end of Auguft. 
The Names. 


It is called commonly Siler Montanum ; in French and Dutch bya corruptname Ser-aontain + 
in diuers fhops, Sefeleos but vattuly : for it is not S¢/éli,nor a kinde thereof: in Englifh,Siler moun- 
taine, after the Latine name, and baftard Louage. + The firft is thought to be the Ligufticum of 
the Antients, and it is focalled by caatthiolus and others. + 


@ The Nature. 

This plant with his feed is hot and dry in the third degree. 

q The Vertues. 

The feeds of Siley drunke with VWWormewood wine, of wine wherein Wormewood hath been 
fodden,mooueth womens difeafes in great abundance:curcth the fuffocation and ftrangling of the 
matrix, and caufeth it to returne vnto the natural! place againe. 

The root ftamped with hony, and applied or put into old fores, doth cure them,and couer bare 
and naked bones with fleth. 

Being drunke it prouoketh vrine,eafeth the paines of the guts or entrailes proceeding of crudi- 
tie or rawnef, it helpeth concoétion, confumeth winde,and {welling ofthe itomacke. 

. The root hath the fame vertue or operation,but not fo effectuall,as not being fo hot and dry. 


J Thefigaré whichformerly wishece wasof the Sefeli Mafsilienfe deferibed in the next chapter in the fourth place, and that which belonged to this place 
was pur for our common Louage. Alf thar figure which belonged to the fecond defeription was formerly ynder the ticle of Faniculans dulce, 


Cuar: 224. Of Sefelios, or Harte-worts of Candy, 
«| The Defcription. 


I ‘His plant being the Se/eli of Candy, and in times paft not elfewhere found, tookehis 
furname of that placewhere itwas firft found, but now adaies it istobe feen in the 

: corne fields about Narbon in France, from whence I had feeds, which profper well 
inmy garden. This is buran annual! plant,and increafeth from yeere to yeere by his owne fowing. 
The leaues grow at the firit euen with the ground, fomewhat hairy,ofan ouerworne greene colour, 
in fhape much like vnto Cheruill, but thicker: among which rifeth vp an hairy rough ftalke, of 
theheight ofa cubit, bearing at the top fpokie tufts with white floures: which being vaded,there 
‘followcth round and flat feed, compaffed and cunningly wreathed about the edges like aring. 
j Tere The 


A } { 
1 
W 
i : \ 
; | 
‘ / i 
= ay 
aeibine Wi 
( 
| : 
’ 
; 
ia | 
“Hf 3 k 
‘Bi ABE | 
4] fe} 
{ if { i 
Ie Ay | if 
i ; 
i) 1 
| 
oh eames 
the iii : 


_ 


ner aa eer 


‘L132, 


The feed is flat like the other,ioyned two together in one,as you may fee in the feed of Ferula or 
Angelica, in fhape likea round target, intafte like Myrrh, Matthiolus did greatly miftake this 
plant. ‘ : 

2 There isakindeof Se/eli Creticum,called alfo Tordylion : and isvery like vnto the former, fa- 
uing that his leaues are more like vnto common Parfneps than Cheruil,and the whole plant is big 
gerthan the former. 


EES Of the Hifterie of Plants, 


i SefeliCreticum minus? $2 Sefeli Creticum mains: 
_ Small Sefeleos of Candie, b, Great Sefelios of Candie} 
ca ; y LUA ake t : Sc BN d 
‘J Or dy win ori EF be Lane 


MY) Wat, 


Wig 
ny f ; 


3 Thereis likewifeakinde of Sefél that hath a root as big asamans arme,efpecially if the 
plant be old; but the new and young plants beare roots an inch thicke, with fome knobs and tube. 
rous {prouts,about the lower part, the root is thicke, rough, and couered ouer witha thickebarke, — 
the fubftance whereof is firft gummie,afterward fharpe and as itwere full of fpattle ; from the vp- | 
per part of the root proceed many knobs or thicke fwelling roots, out of which there iffueth great 
and large wings or branches of leaues, fome whereof are notched and dented round about,growing 
vnto one fide or rib of the leafe,ftanding alfo one oppofite vnto another,ofa darke and delaid green 
colour,and fomewhat fhining aboue,but vnderneath of a grayith or afhe colour : from amongtft 
thefe leaues there arifeth a ftraked or guttered ftalke, a cubit and a halfe high, fometimes an incl 
thicke,hauing many ioints or knees,and many branches growing aboutthem,andvpon each ioint 
leffet branches of leaues. At the top of the ftalkes, and vpper ends of the branches grow little cups 
or vmbels of white floures , which being vaded, there commeth in place a feed which is very like : 
Siler montanum. + J take this here deferibed to be the Sefeli montanum 1.0f Clufius, orLigufticnm al- 
terum Belgaum of Lobes : and therefore I haue giuen you Clufins his figure inthis place. + 

There isalfo a kinde of Sefeli,which Pena fetteth forth for the firt kinde of D aucus ,wherof I take 
ittobeak gtow ing euery where inthe paftures about London,that hath large leaues,growing 
fora time eutc h the earth,and {pred thereupon, and diuided into many parts,in manner almoft 
like to the form the moft part in allchings, in the round {pokie tufts or vmbels,bearing ftiffe : 
and faire white floures in fhape like them of Cinkefoile 3 in fmelllike Sambucus or Elder. 
When the floure is vaded,there commeth in place a yellow guttered feed,ofa fpicie and very hot 
fafte. The rootis thicke, and blac! withoutwhichrorteth and perifheth in the ground (as wee 
may 


EIS \ 


li Be 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 40st 


Be cred joreate a tpi Pla Bien feeded, neither will it foure before the 
C er itis 1owne, ami nis ) DELO! h 
tion. + # lam ignorant w hat our Author means by this deferip- 
Badtiennen Aut TENS 

3 Sefeli ee 

a . ro < dg . : . . 
Mountaine Sefelios. : Os ioloe ee ill. 

~ f Mar feilles. 


Prat Nn 


There is likewife akinde of Seféli called Sefeli Maffilienfe,which hath leaves very much clo= 
d finely iagged,very much like vnto the Jeaues of {weet Fennell, greater and thicker 
than thecommon Fennell. The ftalke groweth tothe height of three cubits, hauing knotty ioints 


uen or cut,an 


as it were kpees ; bearing at the top thereof tufts like vnta Dilland feed fomewhat long and cor- 
nered of a fharpeand biting tafte. The root is long and thicke like vnto great Saxifrage, ofa plea- 
fant fmell,and fharpe in talte. 

There is another Se/élé of Maffilia, which hath latge and great leaues like vnto Ferula, and not 
much valike Siler Montanum': among whichrife vp ftalkes foure cubits high, bearing at Hee 
fpokie tufts like vnto the laft before tehearfed,of a good fauour. The root is like ynto the former “ 


fhape, fubftance,and fauour,but that it is greater. 
: The Place. ° 


Thefe plants are ftrangers in England jnotwithftanding Ihave them in my garden, 
@ The Time, 

They floure and flourifh in Septembers 

i The Names, 


Their names haue been touched in their feuerafl deferiptions. 
The Temperature and Vertues. 


It prouoketh vrine,and helpeththe ftrangurie,bringeth downe the fickneffé anddead birth: it A 
shelpeth the cough and (hortnefle of breath, the ‘fuffocation of the mother,and helpeth the falling 


fickuefle. 
The feed drunke with wine conco eth raw humours,taketh away the griping and, torments of B 


the belly,and helperh the ague,as Diofcorides faith. 
The inice of the leaues is gitren to Goats andother cattell t6 drinke, that they, may the fooner C, 


bedeliuered of their young ones, as the fame Author reportech« 
Trtt a GHAP: 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


a ah 


Cuar. 425. Of Spignell,Spicknellor Mewe. 
1 spit . 


Nene 


@y The Defcription. 


A Meum. Yrenr. bi ie oon) (Ca + 2 Meum alterum Italicum, 
Suhr, Italian Spignell. 


lif 


There isa baftard kinde of Spignell like vnto the former, fauing that the leaues are not fa 


2 
finely cut or iagged : the floures are tufted more thicker than the former:the roots are many,thick, - 
and full of fap. ° 


a The Place. 
Mew,or Meon groweth in Weftmerland,at a place called Round-twhat betwixt Aplebie and 
Kendall,in the parifh of Orton. 
Baftard Mewe,or Menm,croweth in thewafte mountaines of Italie,and the Alps,and(as it hath 
been told me)vpon Saint Vincents rocke by Briftow, where I {pent two daies to feeke it,but it was 
not my hap to find it, therefore I make fome doubt of the truth thereof. 


ON see aE e ! q The Time. 
ar i Thefe herbes doe floure in Tune and Iuly,and yeeld their feed in Auguft. 
{ ) iq q The Names. 
Iriscalled ofthe Greciansmé» oruin, : likewife of the Latines, Meum : ofthe Italians,Me@: in 


lia,as Matthiolus declareth,it is called Imperatrix : in diuers places of Spaine ,Si/fra. in others, 
i ay fo :in High Dutch, Beeretourts¢ in French,Sifre : Ruellins faith that it is named in France 

na | chum tortuojum,and (ylueftre,or writhed Dil,andwilde Dill: alfoit is called in Englith,Spignel, 
; Spicknell,of fome Mew,and Bearewoort. 5 

Yhe fecond may be called baftard Spicknell. 


@ The 


See me 


ee 


Uo Boda Of the Hittorie of Plants. 1053 


@ The Temperature. 

Thefe herbes,efpecially the roots of right Mcon, is hot in the third degree,and drie in the fe- 
cond. 

@ The Vertues. 

The roots of Meon, boiled inwater and drtinke, mightily open the ftoppings of the kidnies A 
and bladder, prouoke vrine and bodily luft,eafe and helpe the ftrangurie, and confume all windi- 
neffe and belchings of the ftomacke. 

The fame taken with honie doth appeafe the griefe of thebelly, and iscxceeding good a- B 
gainft all Catarrhes,rheumes, and aches of the 10intes, as alfo any phlegme which falls vpon the 
Lungs. 

If the fame be laied plaifterwife vpon the bellies of children, it maketh them to piffe well. Cc 

They clenfe the entrails, and deliver them of obftructions or ftoppings : they prouoke vrine, D 
driuc forth the ftone,and bring downe the floures : but if they be taken more than is requifite, they 
caufe the head-ache ; for feeing they haue in them more heat than drineffe,they carry tothe head 
raw moifture and windie heat,as Galen faith. 


Cuar. 426. Of Horeftrange,or Sulpburwoort. 


@ The Defcription, 


I Viphurwoort or Hogs-fennell hatha ftiffe and hard ftalke full of knees or knots, befeg 
with leaues like vnto Fennell,but greater,comming neerer vnto Ferula,or rather like the 
leaues of wilde Pine-tree,and at the top of the ftalkes round {pokie tufts full of little 

yellow floures,which do turne into broad browne feed. The root is thicke and long: I haue dig- 
ged yp roots thereof as big as a mans thigh, blacke without,and white within, of a {trong and grie- 
uous {mell,and full of yellow fap or liquour,which quickly waxeth liard or dry,{melling not much 
vnlike brimftone,called Sulphur ; which hath induced fome to cali it Sulphurwoort;hauing alfo at 
the top toward the vpper face of the earth,a certain buth of haire,of a browne colour,among which 
the leaues and ftalkes do {pring forth. 

2 Thefecondkinde of Peucedanum or Hogs-fennell is very like vnto the former, fauing that the 
leaues be like Ferula : the roots are nothing fo great as the former,but all the reft of the plant doth 
far exceed the other in greatneffe. 

3. There is another kinde of Pewcedanum or Hogs Fennell, which Pewa found vpon Saint Vin- 
cents rock by Briftow,whofe picture he hath fet forth in his Adwerfaria,which that famous Englifh 
Phyfition of latememorie,D.Turner found there alfo,fuppofing it tobe the right and true Peuce- 
danumwhereof no doubt it isa kinde : it groweth not aboue a foor high, and is in fhape and leaues 
like the right Pewcedanum,but they be fhorter and leffer,growing fomwhat like thewrithed Fennell 
of Maffilia,but thebranches are more latgely writhed, and the leaues are of the colour of the bran- 
ches, which are of a pale greene colour. At the top of the branches grow fmall white tufts, hauing 
feed like Dill,but fhorter and flenderer, of a good tafte,fomewhat fharpe. The root is thicker than 
the fmalneffe ofthe herbe will well beare. Among the people about Briftow, and the rocke afore- 
faid, this hath been thought goad to cat. 

¢ The figure of this our Authour fotmerly gaue(yet vafitly,it not agreeing with that deferip- 
tion) for Oreofelinum : it may be he thought it the fame with that of Dodo. his defcription, becaufe 
he found it vnder the fame title in Tabernamontanus. This is the Selinum mortanum pumilum of Clu- 
fiussand the Peucedani facie pufillaplanta of Penaand Lobel,wherfore Banhine was miltaken in his Pinax, 
whereas he refers that of Lebel to his third Peucedanum : the root of this is black without,and white 
within,but (hort,yet at the top about the thickneffe of ones finger: the feaues are {mall and green, 
commonly diuided into fiue parts; and thefe againe fubdiuided by threes : the ftalke is fome fixe 
inches or halfe a foot high, diuided into fundry branches, crefted, broad, and at the toppes of the 
branches,euen when they firft (hoot vp, appeare little ymbels of white floures very {mal l,and con- 

fitting of fiue leaues apiece. The feed is blacke,fhining and round, two being ioined together, as 

‘inmot vmbelliferous plants. It floures in May, and ripens the feede in Iuly : I receiued in Iuly 

1632, fome plants of this from Briftow,by the meanes of my oft mentioned friend Mafter George 

- Bowleswho gathered it vpon Saint Vincents Rocke, whereas the Authours of the Adverfaria report 
lttogrow,. $ . 


Tett 3 q The 


1054 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li .8.2. 
I Peucedanum. ‘ 2 Peucedanum mais. 
Sulphurwoort. Great Sulphurwoort, 


ty) earced wy 
Mis 


yi 4 3 Peucedanum pumilum. 
4 ea Dwarfe Hogs-Fennell. 


Oy} pro vr2 U2 om Atoka 
| 


i 


SVAN 


iN 
SS fi ‘ 
\\ 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 9) . 1055 ; 


G The Place: — : 

The firft kinde of Pewcedanum or Hogs Fennell groweth very plentifully on the South fide of a 
wood belonging to Waltham, at the Nafe in Eflex by the high-way fide; alfoat Whitftable in 
Kent, in a medow neere to the fea fide, fometime belonging to Sir Henry Crijpe, and adioyning to 
his houfe there. It groweth alfo in great plenty at Feuerfham in Kent, neere vnto the hauen ypon 
the bankes thereof,and in the medowes adioyning. 

The fecond kinde groweth vpon the fea coafts of Montpellier in France, and in the coafts of 
Italy. 


Bs ee oe 


gq The Time; 

Thefe plants do floure in Iune, Tuly, and Augutt. 

» The Names, 

The Gtecians call it ms : the Latines in like manner Pewcedanas, or Pencedanum, and alfo Pi: 
naftellam : moft of the fhops,and likewife the common people name it Feniculum Portinum : of di- 
uers, Stataria : of the Prophets, #,2s:+ wjum » that is to fay,a good Angell or Ghoft + in high-Dutch, 
PHarirang, Schwelfel wourkel, Sevofertekel s in Icalian and French, Pencedimo+ in Spanith,Her: 
batum : in Englith, Hore-ftrange, and Hore-ftrong, Sow-Fennell, or Hogs Fennell, Sulphur-wort, 
or Brimftone-wort. It ts called Peucedanum and Pinaftellum, of the Greeke and Latine words , sis 
and Pinus. 

‘ The Temperature. 

Thefe herbes, efpecially the yellow fap of the root, is hot inthe fecond degree, and dry in the 
beginning of the third. 

q The Vertues. 

The yellow fap of the root of Hogs Fennell, or as they call itin fome places of England, Hore- A 
ftrange, taken by it felfe,or with bitter almonds and Rue, is good againft the fhortneffe of breath, 
itaflwageth the griping paines of the belly, diffolueth and driueth away ventofitie or windineffe 
of the ftomacke ; it wafteth the {welling of the milt or fpleene, loofeth the belly gently, and pur- 
geth by fiege both flegme and choler. 

The {ame taken in manner aforefaid prouoketh vrine,eafeth the paine ofthe kidneyes and blad- B 
der, caufeth eafie deliuerance of childe, and expelleth the fecondine, or after-birth, and the dead 
childe. 

The fap or itryce of the root mixed with oyle of Rofes, or Vineger, and applied, eafeth the pal- 
fie, crampes, contraction or drawing togethet of finewes, andallold cold difeafes,efpecially the 
Sciatica. 

Tris vfed with good fucceffe againft the rupture or burftings in yong childre,and is very good D 
tobe applied vnto the nauels of children that ftand out ouer much. 

The decoétion ofthe root drunke is of like vertue vnto the iuyee, but not altogether fo effedu- E 
allagainft the forefaid difeafes. 

The root dried and made into pouder doth mundifie and clenfe old ftinking and corrupt fores F 
and vicers, and healeth them: it alfo draweth forth the corrupt and rotten bones that hindet the 
fame from healing, and likewife {plinters and other things fixed in the flefh: 

The faid pouder or iuyce of the root mixed with oyle of Rofes, caufeth one to {weat,ifthe body G 
be anointed therewith, and therefore good to be put intothe vn@ion or ointment for the French 

difeafe. 

The congealed liquor tempered with oyle of Rofes,and applied to the head after the manner of H 
an ointment, is good for them that haue the Lethargie, that are franticke, that haue dizzineffe in 
the head, that are troubled with the falling fickneffe, that haue the palfie,that are vexed with con- 
vulfions and crampes, and generally it is a remedie for all infirmities of the finewes, with Vineget 
atid oyle, as Diofcorides teacheth. Lf Oe t 

The fame being {melt vnto reuiueth and calleth them again thatbe ftrangled with themother, |] 
sand thatlieinadedd fleepes 

Being taken in a reare egge it helpeth the cough and difficultie of breathing, Bripig> andwit- K 
-dineffe, which,as Galen addeth,proceedeth from the grofléneffe and clammineffe of humors, 

It purgeth gently, it diminifheth the {pleene, by cutting, digefting, and making thinhumours J, 
that are thicke : it caufeth eafie trauell;and openeth the matrix. meee: s 

A fiuall piece of the root holden in the mouth isa prefent remedie againit the fuftocation of M 
the mother, 


Cran, 


1055 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, ~~ Ppa. 


es aE 


Cuap. 427. 
Of Herbe Ferula, or Fennell Gyant. 


@ The Kindes. 


Tofcorides maketh mention ofa Fernla, out of which is gathered the Gum Sacapene ; and alfo 
he declareth, that the Gums Galbanum and Ammvoniacum are liquors of this herb Ferula : but 
what difference there is in the liquors, according tothe clymat or countrey whete it grow- 

eth, he doth not fer downe ; for it may be that out ofone kinde of Ferula fundry iuyces may be ga- 

thered, that is to fay according to the diuerfitie of the countries where they grow,as we have faid : 
foras in Lafer, the iuyce of Laferwort that groweth in Cyrene doth differ from that liquorwhich 
groweth in Media and Syria ; foit is likely that the herbe Feruladoth bring forth in Media Saga- 

i penum, in Cyrene Ammoniacum, and in Syria Galbanum, Theophraftus faith that the herbe Ferula is 

diuided into mo kindes, and he calleth one great,by the name of Ferula;and another little,by the 

name Ferslago. 


I Ferula. + 2 Ferulago. 
Fennell Gyant. Small Fennell-Gyant. 


oe 


G The Defcription. 

I Erula, or Fennell G yant, hath very great and large leaues of a deeye greene colour, cut 
and iagged like thofe of Fennell, fpreading themfelues abroad likewings : amongft 
hy at abit which rifeth vp a great hollow ftalke, fomewhat reddifh on that fide which is next vn- 

to the Sun,diuided into certaine {paces, with ioynts or knees like thofe of Hemlocks or Kexes,of 

. the bignefle of a mans arme in thewreft, of the height of foure or fiure cubits where it groweth na- 
i turally,as in Italy,Greece,and other hot countries ; notwithftanding it hath attained to the height 
of fourteene or fifteene foor in my garden, and likewife groweth fairer and greater than from 

Hu We whence it came, as it fareth with other plants that come hither from hot regions : as for example 
: bat our great Artichoke, which firft was brought out of Italy into England, is become (by reafon 
; of the great moifture which our countrey is fubie@ vnto) greater and better than thofe of lag 
infomuch 


Loree By’ Of the Hiftoric of Plants. 


infomuch that diuers Italians haue fent for fome plants of our Artichokes, deciming them tobe 
ofanother kinde , neuertheleffé in Italy they are {mall and dry as they were before, Eucn fo it hap- 
neth tothis Feru/a,as wehaue faid. This forefaid ftalke diuideth it felfe toward the top into di- 
uers other {maller branches, whereon are fer the like leaues that grow next the ground, but much 
leffer. At the top of the branches at the firft budding of the floures appeare certaine bundles in- 
clofed in thinskins, like the yolke ofanegge, which diuers call Corcilum Ferula,or the little heart 
of Ferula,which being brought to maturitie;open themfelues into a tuft or vmbel like thar of Dil, 
ofa yellowith colour : after which come the feed, in colour and fafhion like thole of the Parfnep, 
but longer and greater, alwaies growing two together, fo clofely ioyned, that it cannot be difcer- 
fied to be more than one feed vntill they be ditiided : the root is very thicke and great, full of acer- 
taine gummic iuyce, that floweth forth,the root being bruifed, broken, or cut ; which being dried 

or hardned, is that gum which is called Sagapennm, and in fome fhops Serapinwm. 
2 There is likewife anothet fmaller Fery- 
$ 3 Panax Afelepium Ferule facie, Jalikevnto the former ineach tefped, fauing 
Afewlapins Tie All-heale. thatit is altogether leffe : the root likewife be- 
} ing wounded yeeldeth forth a fap or iuyce, 
; which when it is hardned is called Galbanum: 

Wye i of the Aflyrians, Mctopinm. 

Ve Thaue likewife another fort fent mee from 
Paris, with this title Feru/a nigra which pro- 
{pereth exceeding well in my garden , but dif 
ference I cannot finde any from the former, fa- 
that the leaues are of amore blacke or fwart 
colour. 

+ 3 Iknow notwheremore fitly than in 
this place to giue you the hiftorie of that Fe- 
ruda or Ferulaceous plant that Dodgnaus, Lobel, 
and others haue fet downe vnder the name of 
Panax <Aftlepinin. The ftalke hereof: is. flen- 
der, a cubit high, crefted and ioynted, and 
from thefe ioynts proceed leaues bigger than 
thofe of Fennell, and alfo rougher, and of a 
ftrong {mell: at the tops of the branches grow 
vmbels of yellow floures : the feed is flattifh, 
like that of the other Feru/a: the root long, 
white, and ofa ftrong {mell. This growes na- 
turally in Iftria. $ y 

qq The Place. 

Thefe plants are not towing wilde in Eng- 
land ; I haue them all in my garden. 


pdt J\H q The Time. 
MOI E SN They floure in Iune and Iuly; they perfec 
L—_ sey |e their feed in September ;not long after , the 


ftalkewith his Jeaues perifh : the root remai- 
neth frefh and greene all Winter. 
q The Names. 
~The firft is called in Greeke xzpme : in Latine, Ferula - in Italian, Ferola : in Spanith,Casanhera 
in Englith, Herbe Ferula, and Fennell Gyant. 
The Temperature. 
Thefe-plants with their Gums are hot in the third degree, and dry in the fecond. 
The Vertues. ; ( oe 
The pith or matrow, called Corculum Ferule,as Galen teacheth, is of anaftringentor binding 
qualitie, and therefore good for them that fpit bloud, and that ate troubled with the fix. 


1057 


Diofcorides faith, that being pyt intothe nofthrils it ftayeth bleeding, and is giuenin Wineto B 


thofe that are bitten with Vipers. : { : 
It is reported to be eaten in Apulia softed in the embers, firft wrapped in leaues or in old clouts, 


with pepper and falt ; which, as they fay, is a pleafant fweer food, that ftirreth vp luft,as they te- 
| port. \ ee 

. The feed doth heate, and attenuate or make thinne ; itis a remedieagainft cold fits of an Ague, 
’ by procuring fiveat, being mixed with oyle, and the body anointed therewith. 


Adram of the iuyce of Ferula which beareth Sagapenum, purgeth by fiege cough afd flimie“hu- 
mots, 


~y058 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lip.2. 


~~ mors,and all groffe flegme and choler, and is alfo good againft all old and cold difeafes which 
are hard tobe cured ; it purgeth the brain,and is very good againft all difeafes of the head againit 
F the Apoplexieand Epilepfie. bits j Ath ee, . 4. 
Being taken inthe fame manner, it 1s good againft crampes, palfies, fhrinkings and paines of 
G the finewes. Wier 
It is good againft the fhortneffe of breath, the coldand long cough, the paine in the fide and | 
H breft,for it mundifieth and clenfeth the brett from all cold flegme and rheumaticke humors. 
Sacapenum infufed or ftceped in vineger all] night, and {pread vpon leather or cloath, fcattereth, 
diffolueth, and driueth away all hard and cold {wellings, tumors, botches, and hard lumpes SrOw- 
ing about the ioynts or el fewhere, and is excellent good to.be put into ormingled with all oyne- - 
T_ ments or emplaifters which are made tomollifieorfoften, 
The inyce of Ferula Galbanifera, called Galbanum, drunke in wine witha little myrth, is good a- 
gainft all venome or poyfon that hath beene taken inwardly, or fhot into the body with venomous 3 
K darts, quarrels, or arrowes. : $1 | 
It helps womens paineful trauel,if they do take therof ina cup of wine the quantitie ofa bean. , 
IL.‘ The perfume of Galbanum helpeth women that are grieued with the rifing of the mother, and is ; 
good for thofe that hane the falling fickneffe. | 
M Galbanum foftneth, mollifieth, and draweth forth thornes, fplinters, or broken bones, and con- - 
fameth cold and flegmaticke humots, feruing in fundry ointments and emplaifters forthe vie of | 
Surgerie, and hath the fame phyficall vertues that are attributed vnto Sagapenum. 


Cuar.428. Of Drop-wort, or Filipendula. 


‘a Filipendula, 2 Filipendula montane. 
Mountaine Drop-worr. 


| 
| 
j | 
| | 
{ 
a . 
. My 
i Y 
; : ; il t 
een } 
/ 
, ! 
bl halal @ The Kindes. 
iii ) | a fees bediuers forts of Drop-worts, fome of the champion or fertill paftures, fome of mori 
4. moiftand dankith grounds, and fome of the mountaine, 
Ay a g Th 
| 
Pk 


rrr cetera a rr heen 


Lrpe2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1059 


G) The Deftription. 


1 He firft kinde of Filipendula hath leaues growing and {pred abroad like feathers,each 
Ieafe confifting of {undry {mall leaues dented or {nipt round about the edges , gtow- 
ing to the ftalke by a fmall and flender ftem : thefe leaues refemble wilde Tanfie or 

Burnet, but that they be longer and thicker, fet like feathers,jas, is aforefaid: among thefe rife vp 
ftalkes a cubit anda halfe high,at the top whereof grow many faire white floures,each {mall floure 
confifting of fix flender leaues, likea little ftar,bufhing together ina tuft likethe foures of Mede. 
fweet, ofa foft fweet fmell : the feed is {mall, and groweth together like a button: the roots are 
{mall and blacke, whereupon depend many little knops or blacke pellets, much like the roots of 
the female Peonie, {auing that they be a great deale fmaller, 

2 The fecond kinde of Filipendula, called of Peva in his Obferuations, Oevanthe, five Philipen- 
ula altera montana, is ncither at this day very well knowne, neither did the old writers heretofore 
Once write or {peake of it : but Peza that painefull Herbarift found ir growing naturally in Nar- 
bone in France, neere vnto Veganium, on the top of the high hills called Paradifus Dei,and neere 
vnto the mountaine Calcaris : this rare planthath many knobby long roots, in thape like to U4- 
[phodelus luteus, ox rather like the roots of Corrnda, or wilde Afparagus ; from which rifeth vp a 
ftalke a foot high, and more, which is thicke, round, and’chanelled, befer full of leaues like, thofe 
of common Filipendula, but they be not fo thicke fet or winged, but more like vnto the leaues ofa 
Thiftle, confifting offundry {mall leaues, in fafhion like to-Coronopus Ruclly, that is, Ruellius his 
Bucks horne : round about the top of the ftalke there groweth avery faire tuft of white floures, re- 
fembling fine fmal{ hoods, growing clofeand thicke together like the floures of Pedicularis, that 
is, Red Rattle, called of Carols Clufius, Alectorolophos , whereof he maketh this plant a kinde,but in 
my iudgement and opinion it is rather like Cyoforchis, a kinde of Satyrion. 


3 Filipendula ancuftifolia. t 4 FilipendilaCicuta facie. 
Narrow leafed Drop-worte_ ‘ Hemlocke Drop-wort.. 


ESP or er-wiec oo 


4 AZ 
WH 
Hv 

ay ZZ 


3 There is another kinde of Filipendula fet forth vnder the name of Oewauthe, that hath many 
tuberous and thicke roots: like thofe of Drop-wort, but white of. colour, and every one of thofe 
knobs hath a certaine ftring of fibre angexed thereto ; ftom whence atiferh a erefted ftalk two foos 

; j i ae Ue i mo ee “ hich, 


ae 


pn neem ee nite : rr Te “ 
1060 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2. 
* atk digiipanataanuation high, diuiding it felftoward the top into fan 
ae ‘ae iat ‘ dry armes or branches : from the hollow plac) 


Du on Veas h Us blo son, 


or bofome of euery ioynt (out of which do 
grow thofe branches) the leaues dee alfo pra 
ceed, very much cut or jagged like Fennel! + 4 
the top of thofe branches come forth {pokii 
rundles of white floures fathioned like {tars, 

t 4 The fourth kinde of Filipenduila is a 
ftrange a plant as the former, efpecially with 
vs here in England, except in the waterie pla.) 
ces and rilles in the North, where Paludapiunl 
orwater Smallage sroweth ; whereunto ir 
leaues it is not ynlike, but more like Ruta pra’ 
tenfis - 1t hath many large branches, a haughty 
fauor, and in colour and thape like Cicuta, thay 
is, Hemlocke, The ftalkes are more than twa 
cubits high, comming from a root which ex 
ceedingly multiplies it felfe into bulbes, lik¢ 
Alphodelys albus. The fmell of this plant i) 
ftrong and grieuous ; the tafte hor and biting 
it being full ofa iuyce,at firft milky,but after: 
wards turning yellow. The {poky tufts or run. 
dles growing at the top are like Cécuta > yea, ii} 
much refembleth Hemlocke in propertie ane] 
qualities , and fo doe they affirme that haue) 
proued and feene the experience of it: for bed 
ing eaten in fallads it did well nigh poyfont 
thofewhich ate of it, making them giddie in 
their heads, waxing very pale, ftaggering and) 
recling like drunken men. Beware and take 
good heed of this and fuch like Simples ; for} 


there is no Phy fitian that will giue it, becaufe| 
there be many other excellent good Simples which God hath beftowed v 


ting and curing of difeafes. + Pernitious and not excufable is the ignor 
that haue bought and (as one may probably coniecture) vfed the roots 
thofe of Peionie; and I know they are dayly by the ignorant women in 
ple more ignorant than themfelues, by the name of water Louage ; Caneat Emptor. The danger that 


ere fet downe, being} 


5 Thefifthand lat kinde of Filipendula, which is the fourth according to Matthiolus his ac-\ 


ite floures thicke thruft together. The roots are 
compact of very many filaments or threds, ; among which come fortha few 


roots like vnto the fecond. @ The Place andTime. 1 
The firft groweth plentifully vpon ftonie rockes or mountaines, and rough places,and in fertile} 
paftures.I found great plenty thereof growing ina field adioyning to Sion houfe,fomtime a Nun! 
neric,neere London, on the fide of a medow called Sion Medow. 
The fecond hath been fufficiently {poken of inthe defcription. The third groweth neere vata} 
brookes and riuers fides. The fourth groweth betweene the plowed lands in the moift and wet fur- 
rowes ofa ficld belonging to Batterfey by London, + It alfo groweth in great aboundance in| 
many places by the Thames fide ; as amongtt the oyfiers againft Yorke houfe, a little aboue the} 
Horfe-ferrey, againft Lambeth, &c. + The fifth groweth neere the fides of rivers and water- 
ftreames, efpecially neere the riuet of Thames or Tems,as in Georges fields, and about the Bi- 
fhop of Londons houfe at Fulham, and fuch like places. ) \ Pig 
They floure from May to the end of Tune. [" i 
ho he Names. 


They are commonly called Filipendule. The firtt is called of Ni 
offome, Saxifragrars 


a 
tuberous or knobbie}l 
} 


colaus Myrepfus, Philipenelula : | 
‘Ora, and Millefolinm fille fre : of Pliny, Molen: in Tralianand Spanith, Filpen-\) 


dla: in Englith, Fulipendula and Drop-w@ir. WaterFilipendula is called Filipendula aquatica, 
Ocnanthe aquatica, and Silaus Pling. 


The | 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. — iii 


The fourth, whofe leaues are likesto, Homlocks, is as fome thinke called of Cordus,olfewichinm ; 
) Englifh Homlocke Filipendulas 


q The Nature. ; 

Thefe kindes of Filipendula are hot and dry inthe third degree, opening and clenfing, and yet 
jtha little aftrition or binding. Allthekindes of Oenanthes haue the fame facultie, except the 
susth,whofe pernitious facultic we haue formerly touched. ; 

The Vertues. 

The root of common Filipendula boiled in wine and drunken,is good againftall paines of 
ne bladder, caufeth one to make water, and breakerh the ftone. The like Diofcorides hath written 
£ Ocnanthe ; the root, faith he, is good for them that pifle by drops. 

The powder of the roots of Filipendula often vfed in meate, will preferue a man from the fal- 
ing fickeneffe. 


re which Lobel and others haue giuen for the plant there defer:bed, but ir isnot well expreftsfor the lcaucs are large like chofe of Smallage,che ftalke, bran- 


and ymbélls very large,and like thofe of Hemlocke,but rather bigger. 


4 The fighres that wereformerlyin the fourth and fifth places, were both of the plant deferibed io the fifth place. T haue giyen youin the fourth place the 
cs 


Cuar. 429. Of Homlocks, or herbe Bennet. 


@ The Defcriptions 


2 pe firft kinde of Hemlocke hath a long ftalke, fiue or fix foot high, great and hollow, 
full of joints like the (talkes of Fennell,of an herby colour ; poudered with {mall red 
fpots,almoft like the ftems of Dragons. The leauesare great, thicke, and fimal] cut or jagged like 
the leaues of Cheruill,buit much greater,and of avery {trong and vnpleafant fauor. The floures are 
white,crowing by tufts or {pokie tops, which do change and turne intoa white flat feed : the root 

is(hort, and fomewhat hollow within. 
2 The Apotheearies in times paft not 


1 Cicuta. knowing the right Sefeli Peloponnen(e, haue erro- 
Hemlocks. vie hioufly taken this Cic#ta latifolia for the fame. 
Ring Net COAnn The leaues whereof are broad, thicke, and Hike 


wnto Cicutaria,yet not the fame, they called it 
Seféli Peloponnenfe cum folio Cicuta, the faculties 
whereof deny and refute that aflertion and opi- 
nion, yea and the plant it felfe, which being 
touched, yeeldeth or breatheth out a moft vi- 
fulent or lorhfome fell : thefe things fufhici- 
ciently argue, that it isnota kinde of Seftli,be- 
fides the reafons following: Se/é/ hath a rea. 
fonable good {auour ift the whole plant, the, 
root is bare and fingle, without fibres, like a 
Carrot ; but Cécwta hath not oncly a lothfome 
{mell,but his roots are great, thicke,and knob- 
by,like the roots of Myrrhis : the whole plant 
doth in a manner refemble the leaues, ftalkes 
and floures of eMyrrhis odorata, whole {mall 
white floures doe turne into long and crooked 
feeds, growing at the top of the branches three 
cubits high. 

eae lias 11a leaues, ftalkes,and roots is 
farger than the laft defcribed, the ftalkes e- 
qualling or exceeding the heightofa man;the 
fmell is ftrange and greiuous,and in all the 
patts thereof it is like to the other plants of 
thiskinde. Lobel figures it by the name of Ci- 
eutaria maxima Branciones, and quéftions whi- 
ther it be not Thapfiatertia Salamanticenfivm of 
Clufius , but Glufius denies it fo tobe. $ 


Yuuu q The 


een ee 


a 


3 Cicuta latifolia alteras 
Gyant Hemlocke. 


~ Ofahel BiiAorie aki Biante 


Li s.2, 


2 Cicuta latifolia fatidiffima. 


Broad leafed ftinking Hemlocks. 


@ The Place. 


Common Hemlocke groweth plentifully | 
about towne walls and villages in fhadowie | 
places, and fat foiles neere ditches, 

The fecond groweth vpon mountaines and | 
defart places,and is a {tranger in England ; yet. | 
Thaue plants thereof in my garden. 


| The Time, 
They flourith and feed in September. 


Homlocke is called in Grecke ssi: in La 
tine,Cicuta - in high Dutch, Sebirling: in low 
Dutch, Seheerlinck : in Spanith,Cegutay Cae | 
nahera. in French, Cigwe. in Englifh,Hemlocke, | 
Homlocke, Kexe, and herbe Benner. 

The fecond is called Cicuta latifolia, and Ci- 
cutaria latifolia, and Scfeli Peloponuenfe quorun- : 
dam - in Englith,great Hemlockes,and garden | 
Homlocke. 

"| The Temperature, 
Galen faith, that Homlocke is extreme cold | 


in Operation,euen in the fourth degree of cold- 
neffe. 


@ The Names. | 


@q The 


Lam el. Of the Hiftory of Plants. eis 1083 


@ TheVertues. 

It is therefore a very rath part to lay the leaues of Hemlocke to the ftones of yong boyes or vir- A 
gin ibrefts, and by that meanes to keepe thofe parts from growing great ; for it doth nor only eafi- 
ry cauufe thofe members to pine away, but alfo hurteth the heart and liuer, being outwardly appli- 
ed: then muft it ofneceffitic hurt more being inwardly taken ; for it is one of ‘the deadly poyfons 
which killeth by his cold qualitie, as Dio(corides writeth, faying, Hemlocke isa very euill, dange- 
rous, hurtfull, and poyfonous herbe, infomuch that whofoeuer taketh of it into his body dicth re- 
medileffe, except the party drinke fome wine that is naturally hot, before the venome haue taken 
the heart, as Pliny faith : but being drunke with wine the poyfon is with greater {peed caried to the 
heart, by reafon whereof it killeth prefently therefore not to be applied outwardly,much leffe ta- 
ken inwardly into the body. 

The great Hemlocke doubtlefle is not poffeffed with any one good facpltie,as appeareth by his B 
Jothfome {imell, and other apparant fignes,and therefore not to be vfed in phyficke, 


Cuar.430. Of wilde and water Hemlockes. 


q The Defcription. 
Prt < baee wilde kinde of Hemlocke hath a {mall tough white root, from which arife vp 
diuers ttiffe ftalkes, hollow, fomewhat reddith toward the Sun, ioynted orkneed 
at certaine diftances : from which ioynts {pring forth long leaues very greene, and finely minced 
or iagged like the common Cheruill or Parfley: the floures ftand at the tops of the ftalks in fmall 
fpokie vmbels, with little longith greene leaues about them : the feed followeth , like thofe of 
Hemlocke, oras they grow together on the tops of the ftalks they refemble Coriander feeds, but 


lefler :the whole plant isofa naughty {mell, 


+ 1 Cicutariatenuifolia. 2 Cicutariapaluftris, 
Thin leafed wilde Hemlocke. Wilde water Hemlocke. 
(its ve Cy voufa Nn gue 4) gle Or Arnie OW bes atic UMM 


Pes 


Lc 


WwW 
Ni 


Lobel calleth Cisutariapaluftris : Clefius and Dedonans, Phelandrium, 
¢knees or ioynts,crefted, chamfered, or 
furrowed, 


2 Water Hemlock,which 
vifech vp with a thicke fat and empty hollow ftalke, fullo 
Vuuu 2 


in {mall whitifh tufts : the feed followeth, blackith, ofthe bignefleof Anife feed, and of a {weer : 
auour : the root is thicke and long, within the water, very foftand tender, with very many ftrines 
faftned thereto. 


qt The Place. 

1 This growes among ftones and rubbith,by the walls of cities and towns almoft euery where, 

The other groweth in the midft of water ditches and ftanding pooles and ponds, inmoft places ; 
of England : it groweth very plentifully in the ditches by a caufey,as you goe from Redriffe to } 
Detford neere London, and inmany other places, ’ 

/ | The Time. 

They floure and flourith in Inly and Auguft. 

; The Names. 

+ x This is Petrofélini vitivm of Tragus.and Dauci inntilis genus of Gefuer : Thalius calls it A. 
pium cicutarium : Lobel, Cicutariafatua : T abernamontanus, Petrofelinum caninum ; which name we may | 
fitly make Englith, and call it Dogs-parfley. i 

e> Thisis Ligufticump fil.cy Faniculum yl. of Tragus : Cicutaria paluftris of Lobel and others: Do- 
donaws thinkes it Plinies PheNandrion ; and Cafalpinus iudges it his Silaus. £ 
The Temperature and V ertues. | 

Their temperature and faculties are anfwerable tothe common Hemlocke, which haue no vie | 
in phyficke, as we haue fad. | 

| 


re formerly inthe firlt place was of Myrrhis ; the defcription I thinke was intended, y ¢t nor throughly asrecing with this I here giue you,wherefore_ 


Cuar. 431 
Of Earth-nut, Earth Che/t-nut, or K ipper-nut. 


t 1 Bulbocaftanon minus, 2 Bulbocaftanon majus. | 
~. Small Earth-nut. Great Earth-nut- | 
I oe | 


p arn LW ie KAA 0 SUMMA Ps DLR ec Coie 


Liss 2 


@ The Defcription. 


I ¥ Arth-nut or Kipper-nut, called after Lobelinus, Nucula terreflyis, hath {mall cucn cretted 
ftalkes afootor fomewhat more high : whereon do grow next the ground leaues like 
thofeof Parfley, and thofe that doe grow higher like vnto thofe of Dill; the white 

floures doe ftand on the top of the ftalkes in {pokie rundles,like the tops of Dill,which turne into 
{mall feed, growing together by couples, ofa very good fmell, not vnliketo thofe of Fennell,but 
muchifmailer : the root is round, knobbed,with certaine eminenices or bunchings out ; browne 

_without, white within,ofa firme and follid fubftance, and of a tafte like the Chefle-nut or Cheft- 
nut, whereof it tooke his name. 

2 Thereisalfoanother Barth-nut that hath ftalkes a foot high, whereon doe grow lagged 
leaues like thofe of Englith Saxifrage, of a bright greene colour : the floures grow at the top of 
the branches, in fimall fpokie tufts confifting of little white floures : the root is like the other,bul- 
bous fafhion, with fome few ftrings hanging at the bottome, ofa good and pleafanttafte. + This 
differs from the former, in that the leaues are larger and greener: the root alfo is not fo far within 
the ground, and it alfo fends forth fome leaues from the bulbe it felfe ; whereas our common kind. 
hath’ only the endiofa {mall root that carries the {tem and leaues vpon it, faftned vnto it as you fee 
itexpreft in the former figure. $ 

@ The Place. 

Thefe herbes do grow in paftures and come fields almoft euery where : there isa field adioining 
to High-gate,on the right fide of the middle of thevillage,couered ouer with the fame ; and like 
wife in the next field vntothe conduit heads by Maribone,neere the way that leadeth to Padding- 
ton by London, and in diuers other places. + I haue not yet obferued the fecond to grow wilde 
with vs.. $ 

: The Time. 

They floure in June and Iuly : the feed commeth to perfection afterward. 

aq The Names. 

Alexander Trallianus hath made mention of bese, Lib, 7. reckoning itvpamong thofe kinds 
of meate or fuftenances which be good for fuch as haue rotten lungs: of fome it is ealled Agrioca- 
Stanon. 

Guinterius thought the word was corrupted,and that Balanocaftanon {hould be read : but this is as 
ftrange a word as Bolboca/tanon, which was deriued of the forme of a bulbe,and the taft ofa Cheft- 
nut :of fome, Nuculaterre/tris, orthe little Karth-nut : it is thought to be Buminm Diofeoridis of 
fome; but wethinke not fo: of D". Turner, Apios ; yet there is another Apios, being a kinde of T2. 
thymale : of Matthiolus, Oenanthe, making it a kinde of Filipendula: in high-Dutch, Cervbuuls 3 in 
low-Dutch, Gertnotervs the people of Sauoy call it Faverottes : in Englifh, Earth-nuts, Kipper: 
nuts, and Barth Cheft-nuts. 5 

@ The Temperature. 

The roots of Earth-nutsare moderately hot and dry,and alfo binding : but the feed is both het- 

ter and drier. 
The Vertues. 

The feed openeth and prouoketh vrine, and fo doth the root likewife. 

* Theroot is good for thofe that {pit and piffe bloud, if the root be eaten raw,or rofted in the em- 
bers. ‘ . 

The Dutch people doe vfe to eate them boyled and buttered,as we doe Parfeneps and Carrots, 
which fo eaten comfort the ftomacke,and yeeld nourifhment that is good for the bladder and kid- 
neyes. 


Of the Hiftorieof Plants. =—==—sS*~*~*S*«i 


iC. & . 


There is a plaifter made of the feeds hereof, whereof to write in this place were impertinent to pj 


our hiftorie. 


Cuar, 432. Of (umin. 


@ The Defcription. 25 

His garden Cumin isa low or bafe herbe of a foot high : the ftalke diuideth it felfe into di- 

uets fmall branches, whereon dée Srow little iagged leaues very finely cut into fmall parcels, 

like thofe of Fennell, but more finely cut,fhorter and leffer : the {poky tufts grow at the top of the 
branches and ftalkes, ofa red or purplith colour : after which come the feed, of a {trong or rancke 

- fimell,and a biting tafte: the root is flendet, which perifheth when it hath ripened his feed, 


Vuuu 3 q The 


A 


oF 


fv bw 


D 


E 


Se ae een 


7066 


~~ Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1 -—tsCW ws: 


q The Place. 


Cuminum [ativum Diof{coridi. 
Garden Cumin. 


Cumin is husbanded and fown in Italy and 
Spain, and is very common in other hot coun- 
tries, as in Athiopia, Egypt, Cilicia, and all 
the leffer Afia, 

It delightsro grow efpecially in putrified 

"and hot foiles :Thaue proued the feeds in my 
garden, where they haue brought forth ripe 
feed much fairer and greater than any: that 
commeth from beyond the feas. 

@ The Time. | 

It istobe fown in the middle of the {pring, | 
a fhewre of raine prefently following doth — 
much hinder the growth thereof, as Rwellius 
faith. 

My felfe did fow it in the midftof'May, 
which fprung vp in fix days after :and the feed 
was ripe in the end of Iuly, 


qT he Names. 

It is called in Greeke ww igey, that is,tame | 
or garden Cumin, that it may differ from the 
wilde ones : it is named in Latine Cuminum - 
in fhops, Cyinum : in high-Dutch, oomife 
che bymmel sin Italian, Comino : in Spanith, 
Cominchos : in French , Comin : in Englith, | 
Cumin. 


The Temperature. | 

The feed of garden Cumin,as Galea faith,is | 

hot and dry in the third degree: Diofcorides | 

faith that ithath in icalfoa binding qualitic. 

@ The Vertues. | 

The feed of Cumin feattereth and breaketh all the windineffe of the ftomacke, belly, guts, and | 
matrix: it is good againft the griping torments, gnawing or fretting of the belly, not onely recei- | 
ued inwardly by the mouth, but alfo inclifters, and outwardly applied to the belly withwine and — 
barley meale boyled together to the forme ofa pultis, 

Being handled according to art, either in a cataplafme, pultis,or plaifter,or boyled in wine and 
fo applied, it taketh away blaftings, fwellings of the cods or genitors it confumeth windie {wel- 
lings in the toynts,and {uch like. 

Being taken ina fupping broth it is good for the cheft and for cold lungs, and fuch as are op- 
preffed with aboundance of raw humots. 

' Ir ftancheth bleeding at the nofe, being tempered with vineger and {melt vnto. ‘a 

Being quilted ina little bag with fome {mall quantitie of Bay falt,and made hot vpon a bed- 
panwith fire orfuch like, and {prinkled with good wine vineger, and applied to the fide very hor, 
it taketh away the ftitch and paines thereofsand eafeth the pleurifie very much. 


Cuar. 433. Of wilde Cumin. 


@ The Kindes. 


npeice be diuers plants differing very notably one from another in fhape, and yet allcompre- 
hended vnder the title of wilde Cumin. 


The Defcription. 
I He wilde Cumin hath {mall white roots with fome fibres thereto appendant; from the 
which arife fundry little iagged leaues, confifting of many leffer leaues, finely dented | 
about the edges, in fafhion like the fmalleft leaues of wilde Parfnep :among which fpringeth vp - 
a flender bending ftalkea foot high, like vato Pecten Veneris , bearing at the top ebeicot ie 
roun 


Lis.2. 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. ee 7 


x Cuminum fylueftre. 
Wilde Cumin, 


2 (uminum filiquefium: 


Codded wilde Cumin: 


3 Cuminum Corniculatum,five Hypecoum Chifij. 
Horned wild Cumin. 


round and hajrie buttons or knops,like 4r- 
ction, as D.oftorides hath right well obfer- 
ued : within which knoppes is contained a 
tender downie fibftance, among which is 
the feed, like the feed of Dens Leonis, but 
much leffer, 

2 The fecondkinde of Cumin is verie 
likevnto the forefaid wilde Cumin, faue 
that it bearctha number of horned or croo- 
ked cods,after the manner of Scorpisides, but 
thicker, and leffe crooked, and the feedes 
within the cods are feuerally diftin& and 
feparated one from another by equal! par- 
titions,in fimall croffes yellow of colour, & 
fomewhat long : the ftalkes are little and 
tender,befet with leaues much like vnto the 
final! leaues of Carui, or Pecten Venerts: and 
at the top of the ftalks there do grow pret- 
ty yellow floures, like thofe of great Ce. 
landine or Rocket, fauing that they be fom- 
what leffer. 

+ 2 The third kindeof Cumin is ve- 
ry like vnto the laft before mentioned, but 
the leaues are much greater, more flender, 
& more finely cut or iagged, like the leaues 
of Se/eli of Mafylia : among which rifeth vp 
aftalkeacubit high or fomewhatmore,ve- 
ry {mooth and whitith: at the top whereof 
{pring forth’ fine yellow floures,not like the 
former,burconfifting of fix leaues apiece; 

whereot 


i 


a 


epee ae Bpeece=: 


Siw om ea RA PE He 


a 


1068 Of the Hifterie of Plants. L iz.2. 
whereof two are large, and edged with greene onthe outfide: the other foure are {mall ones, and! 
grow twoona fide betweene the two larger leaues : thefe floures being vaded, there fucceed cro0s. 
ked cods,great er, and more full of knots or diuifions than the former, wherein is contained a fmall | 
and flat yellow feed like Galega : the root is long,thicke,and fingle. 

q The Place, 
Thefe wilde Cumins do grow in Lycia,and Galatia,a prouince of Afia,and in Carthagea citie ; 
of Spaine ; feldomic feene in thefe Northerne parts: notwithftanding at the impreffion hereof,the : 
laft did floureand flourifh in my garden, + Thefe grow in Prouince in France,and in divers parts of | 


‘Spaine. £ 


"| The Time. 
They floure in Auguft,and perfec their feed in September, 

g The Names. | 
Their names haue been touched in theis titles in as ample manner as hath been fet down by any | 


‘Author. 
@] The Temperature andV ertues. 


Their temperature and vertues are referred to the garden Cumin; notwithftanding I cannot reade 
in any Author of their vfe in Phyficke. 


Cuar. 434. Of Flixweed. 


x Sophia Chirurzorum. “a 
_ Flixweed. : q The Defcription. 
; A 


\ 
5 f. a be 
) Urb Umm dijpm or 


I Frbisweed hath round and hard ftalks,a | 
cubit & ahalfe high, wheron do grow | 
Jeaues moft finely cut anddiuided into innu-. 
merable fine iags, like thofe of the fea W orme- | 
wood called Seriphium,or Abfinthium tenuifolium, | 
but much finer and {maller,drawing neere vnto | 
the f{malleft leaues of Corianders, of an ouer- | 
worne greene colour: the floures grow along ft| 
the tops of the fpriggie branches,ofa dark yel- . 
low colour: after which come Jong cods full of | 
fall red feeds : the toot is long, ftraight,and of | 
awooddie fubftance: | 
2 The fecond fort differeth not from the | 
precedent, fauing that the leauesof this plant | 
are broader, wherein efpecially confifteth the | 
difference ; notwithftanding in mine opinien | 
Tabernamontanus found this fecond fort growing | 
in fome fertill place, whereby the leaues did | 
grow broader and greater, which moued him to | 
make of this a fecond fort,whereas in truth they | 
arebothbut one andthe felfefame plant. 
@ The Place. 
This Flixeweede groweth in moft places of | 
England,almoft euery where in the ruins of old | 
buildings, by high waies,and in filthie ob{cure | 
bafe places. 


@ The Time. 


Tt floureth and feedeth from Iune to the end of September. 
The Names. 
‘lixweed is called Thalietrum ; and of fome,T halictrum, but vnproperly ; for Thalictrum belong- 
eth to Englifh Rubarbe : the Paracelfians do vauntand brag very much of an herbe called 5 ophid, 
adding thereto the furname Paracelfi,wherewith they imagine to do wonders , whether thisbe the | 


fame plant it isdifputable,the controuerfie notas yet decided ; neuerthelefle we muft be content 
: to | 


Lis.2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1069 


= ——-—_——— Re ~ 
toaccept of this for the true Sophia,vntil fome difciple or other of his do (Hew or fer forth the place 
wherewith their maft¢r Paracél/ws,did fuch great matters : in Englifhwe callic Plixwee 1 of his fa- 


cultieagainft the flix. 
, The Temperature, 
Sophia drieth without any manifeft fharpeneffe or heate. 
q The Vertues. 

The feed of Sophia or Flixweed drunke with wine,or Smithes water,{toppeth the bloudy flix, 
Jaske, and all other iffues of bloud. 

The herbe bruifed or put into vnguents, clofeth and healeth vicers, or old fores and wounds, as 
Paracelfws faith and that becaufe it drieth without acrimonie or tharpneffe. 


Cuar. 435. Of thegreat (elandine,or Swallow-woort. 
| The Defcription, 


I a i great Celandine hath a tender brittle ftalke,tound,hairie,and full of branches,each 
whereof hath diuers knees or knottie ioints, fet with leaues not vnlike to thofeof Co- 
Jumbine,but tenderer and deeper cut or iagged,ofa grayifla greene vnder, and greene on the other 
fide tending to blewneffe : the floures do grow at the top of the ftalkes,ofa gold yellow colour, in 
fhape like thofe of the Wall-floure: after which come long cods, full ofbleake or pale feeds : the 
whole plant is ofa ftrong {mell,nothing pleafant,and yeeldeth a thicke iuice ofa milkie fubftance, 
of the colour of Saffron: the root is thicke and knobbie,with fome threds annexed thereto,which 


being broken or bruifed, yeeldeth a fap oriuice ofthe colour of gold. 


I Chelidonium maius: $2 Chelidonium maj us folio magis diffe tt0, 
Great Celandine, F . Great Celandine with more cut leaues. 
Chedcol VV OV, vee fe us, , ; 


$ 2 Thisotherdoth notin forme and magnitude differ fromthe former, but in the leaues, 
which are finelier cut and iagged,and fomewhat in their fhape refemblean Oken leafe : the floures 
3 Ve alfo 


the / 


“yoyo —~—~S*«CO the liffory of Planes, OL fea 


SS = Sa ES Ee ion —>s ~~ ~ came 

alfo area little iagged or cut about the edges : and in thefe two particulars confifts the whole dif- 
ference. Clufius calls it Chelidoninm maiws laciniato flore ; and Bauhine, Chelidonium mains folis 
quernis, + 


@ The Place. . 

It groweth invntilled places,by common way fides,among briers and brambles,about old wals, 
and in the fhade, rather than in the Sun, 

@ The Time. 

It is greene all the yeare,it floureth from Aprill toa good part of Sommer,the coddes are perfe. 
&ed in the meane time. 

@ The Names, 

It is called in Greeeke xs’n :in Latine, Chelidonium maius , and Hirundinariamaior - among ft | 
the Apothecaries,chelicovia : diuers mifeall it by the name Celidonium : itis named in Italian,Celi- _ 
donia : in Spanith Celiduhenhar cra de las golundrinhas : in high Dutch, ols Schoitourts sin 
low Dutch Stingende Goutoe sin French, £/clereor Efclayre, and Celidoine < in Englith, Celan- 
dine,or great Celandine , Swallow-woort,and Tetterwoort. 

It is called Celandine,not becaufe it then firft fpringeth at the comming in of the Swallows,or 
dieth when they goe away : foras we haue faid, it may be found all the yeare, but becaufe fome 
hold opinion, that with this herbe the dammes reftore fight to their young ones when their cies be 
out:the which things are vaine and falfe 5 for Cormelins Celfus inhis fixth booke dothwitneffe, that 
when the fight of the eies of diners young birds be put forth by fome outward meanes,it will after 
atime be reftored of it felfe,and fooneft of all the fight of the Swallow ,wherupon/as the fame Au- 
thor faith) that the tale or fable grew,how thorow an herbe the dams reftore that thing,which hea- | 
leth of it felfe :the very fame doth 4ri/fotle alledge in the fixt booke of the hiftorie of Liuing crea- | 
tures : [The cies of Swallowes(faith he) that are not fledge, ifaman do pricke them out, dogrow 
againe,and afterwards do perfectly recoucr their fight.] ‘ 


| The Temperature. 
; HEL | The great Celandine is manifeftly hotand dric,and that inthe third degree,andwithall {coures | 
° aa ie and clenfeth effe@ually, i 
Hii] 
@ The Vertues. 
f ia A _ The iuice ofthe herbe is good to fharpenthe fight, for it clenfeth and confumeth away flimie 
DR things that cleaue about the ball of the eie, and hinder the fight,and efpecially being boiled with 


: A honie in abrafen veflell,as Diofcorides teacheth. 
; B _ Theroot cureth the yellow iaundife, which commeth of the {topping of the gall, efpecially 
when there is noague adioined withit, for it openeth and deliuereth the gall and liuer from ftop- 
ings. 
Cc : The root being chewed, is reported to be good againft the tooth-ache. 
: D The iuice muft be drawn forth in the beginning of Sommer,and dried in the Sunne,fairh Déof- 
covides. 
E The root of Celandine boiled with Annife-{eed inwhite wine, openeth the ftoppings of the li- 
uer,and cureth the iaundies very fafely,as hath been often proued. | 
The root cut in {mall pieces is good to be giuen vnto Haukes againft fundry difeafes,whereun= 
to they are fubiest,as wormes, craie, and {uch like. 
G + _ Ihaueby experience found(faith Clufiws) that the inice of the great Celandine dropped ift- - 
if | to {mall greene wounds of what fort foeuer,wonderfully cures them. + 


Cuar. 436. Of Coxcombe,or Yellow Rattle. 


: ie i 
ne : i 
Ce aeae The Deféription. 
i tt { i i P 
“date +} 
aN it Rifta Galli,or Crifts Gallinacea, hath a ftraight v pright ftalke, fer about with narrow Ieaues, 
| {nipt round about the edges: the floures grow at the top of the ftems,ofa yellow colour;after 
Aut which come vp little flat pouches or purfes,couered oner or contained within a little blad- 


der,or flat skin,open before like the mouth ofa fith,wherein is contained flat yellowith feed,which 
uW ee thes and peal make a noife or satling when it is fhaken or moued, of which propertie it ; 
ny fooke the name yellow Rattle, £ rf } ani 


q The piu 


—— 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 1071 


Crifta Galli, : @ The Place, 
Yellow Rattle,or Coxcombe,, ; _ It growethin drie medowes and paftures, 
LC e Aaa ( eecand isto them a great annoiance, 
; Ff g The Time, 
P Wy, i It floureth mott part df the Sommer, 
\ is oN WS The Names. 
| Vv y \ S It is called in low Dutch wWatelen, and 
| N Gerle Watelen s commonly in Latine, crz/ta 
Gall, and Gallingwea Crifta: in Englith, Cox- 


combe, Penie graffe, yellow or white Rattle : 
in High Dutch it is called geel 1R0de!: iri 
French Creffe de Coc: diuers take ittobe rhe 
old writers Alecforolophos. + Some thinke it 
to be the M:mmulus:or as others (& that more 
fitly) readc it, Nammulus, mentioned by Pliny, 
Uib.18.cap.28-+ 


i 

ie ‘ 
if 
f 


@ The Temperature and Vertues. 
But what temperature or vertue this hetbe 4 
isof,; men hatie not as yet beene carefull to 
know, feeing it is accounted vnprofitable, 


Cuar, 437. Of red Rattle, or 


Loufewoort. 


| @ The Defcription; 


| Pedictslaris. ' 
Loufewoort,or fed Rattle, : Ed Rattle (of Dodoneus called Fiftularia; 
OY, Mitinl ornrs eylookse oe, and according to the opinion & cenfure 


of Carolus Clufius Pena 8c others, the true 
Alectoro ophos ) hath vety {mall, rent,or iagged. 
leaues,of a browne red colour,and weake, fmall 
and tender ftalkes,whereof fome liealong trai- 
ling vpon the ground,within very moorith me: 
dowes they grow acubit high and mofe,but in 
moift and wet heathes, and {uch like barren 
grounds not abouean handful high:the floures 
grow round about the ftalke, from the middeft 
thereof euen tothe top,and are of a btown ted 
colour, in fhape like the floures of dead Net- 
tle: which being paft,there fucceed little flat 
pouches,wherin is contained flat and blackifh 
feed, in fhew very like vnto the former:the roo€ 
is {mall, white, and tender. 

 § The Place. 

Tt groweth in moift and moorifh medowes; 
the herbe is not onely vnprofitable, but alfo 
hartfull,and an infirmitie of the medoives. 

q The Time. 

Tt is found with his floures and ftalkes in 

May and Iune. 


@ The Names, 
Tt is calledin Greeke esi: in High Dutch, 
Bratt Radel sin Latine,Pediewlaris of theeffe&, becaufe it filleth theepand other cattel that feed 
in medowes where this groweth full of lice: diuers of the later Herbarifts call it Faffularia of fome, 
Criffa Gali : and diuers take it tobe Mimmulus herba: inEnglith, Rattle-graffe, Red Kattle-gvatle, 
‘and Loufe-woort. q The 


3h a Se nt ee 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis.2. | 


q The Temperatare. 
| 


Ic is cold and drie and aftringent. | 

q The Vertues.. | 

A © Itisheld tobe good for Fiftulaes and hollow vicers, and to ftay the ouermuch flowing of the | 
menfes,or any other flux ofbloud, ifitbe boiled in red wine and drunke. 


Cwar. 438. Of Yarrow,or Nofe-bleed. | 


@ The Defcription. 


I Ommon Yarrow hath very many ftalkes comming vp a cubit high,round, and fome- 
what hard : aboutwhich ftand Jong leaues, cut in the fides fundry wife,and as itwere | 
made vp of many fmall tagged leaues, euery one of which {eeme toconie neereto the | 

fender leaues of Coriander: there ftand at the top tufts or {poked rundles : the foureswhereofare | 
either white or purple,which being rubbed do yeelda ftrong fmell, but vnpleafant ; theroot fen- | 
deth downe many ftrings. | 


1 Millefolinm terrcsive vulgare. 2 cMillefolinm flore yubro. | 
Common Yarrow... Red floured Yarrow. | 
| 


Achillea Plarm ee 


. 2 The fecond kinde of Milfoile or Yarrow hath ftalkes,leaues and roots lil:¢ vnto the former, 
Vi eh if 4 fauing that his fpokic tufts are ofan excellent faire red or crimfon colour,and being a little tubbed | 
i in the hand,ofareafonable good fauour. 
fi. gq The Place. 
4 The firft groweth every where in drie paftures and medowes : red Milfoile groweth ina field by | 
coh Sutton in Kent called Holly-Deane, from whence I brought thofe plants that do grow inmy Gar- » 
ein | den ; but it is not common euery where asthe other is, : : 
. if q The Time, 
| Chey floure from May tothe end of Otober, 
qT he 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Io? 
The Names, ei) 


Yarrow is called of the Latine Herbarifts Millefolinm: it is Diofcorides his 2. 
Iea,and Achillea fideritis,which thing he may very plainely fee that will comy 


bib Be 


folium : yet be the 
in another place: Apuleizes fetter! 
mong the bafta in Diofcorides : in Latine it is called Militaris,Supercilinm er 
or Acorum filuaticum : of the French- men, Millefueille : in high Dutch, Garber, {har Farag : ir 
low Dutch,@erutesin Iralian,a7efoglio = in Spanith,Milhoyas yerva - in Englith, Yarrow, Nofe- 
bleed,common Yarrow,red Yarrow,and Milfoile. 
The Temperaiure. 
Yarrow,as Galen faith,is not vnlike ia temperature to the Siderétides, or Iron worts,that is to fay, 
clenfing, and meanely cold, but it moft ofall bindeth. i 
q The Vertues. 3 
The leaues of Yarrow doe clofe vp wounds, and keepe them from inflammation,or fiery fwel- 
ling: it ftancheth bloud in any part of the body, and it is likewife put into bathes fer women to fit 
in :it ftoppeth the laske,and being drunke it helpeth the bloudy flixe. 

* Moft men fay that the leaues chewed, and efpecially greene, ate a remedy for the tooth-ache. 
T he leaues being put into the nofe,docaufe it tob leed,and eafe the paine of the megrim. 
Itcureth the inward excorations of the yard of a man, comming by reafon of pol lutions orex- 

treme flowing of the feed, although the iflue do caufe indammation and fwelling of thofe fecrer 
parts and though the fpermaticke matter docome downe in great quantity,if the juice be injeGed 
with a fyringe,or the decoction. This hath been prooued by a cértain friend of mine, fometimes a 
Fellow of Kings Colledge in Cambridge,who lightly brufed the leaues ofcommon Yarrow, with 
Hogs-greafe,and applied itwarme vnto the priuie parts, and thereby did diuers times helpe him- 
felfe,and others of his fellowes, when he wasa ftudent:and a fingle man Iiuing in Cambridge. 
One dram in powder of the herbe giuen in wine,prefently taketh away the paines of the colicke, 


Cuar. 439. Ofgellow Yarrow,or Milfale, 


1 Millefolinm luteum, $2 Achillea, fineMillefo linm nobile, 
Yellow Yarrow. Achilles Yarrow. 


rdnam 


a i) 


Vs 
Dee f 
ZW RRIS 
Pes ¢ 


LNG YG 
DEL 


A 


B 


~ 
a 


D 


E 


i 


ih 
( 


7074 Of the Hiftory of Plants. pee 


q The Defcription. 


I Ellow Yarrow isa {mall plant feldome aboue a {pan high: the ftalkes whereof are co. 
uered with long leaues, very finely cut in the edges like feathers in the wings of little 
birds :the tufts or {pokie rundles bring forth yellow floures, of the fame 
forme of the common Yarrow : the root confifteth of threddy ftrings, 

2 Achilles Yarrow, or noble Milfoile, hath athicke and tough root, with ftrings fattened 
thereto : from which immediately rife vp diuers ftalkes, very greene and crefted whereupon doe 
grow long leaues compofed of many fmall jagges,cut euen to the middle rib : the floures ftand on 
i the top of the ftalkes with {pokie vmbels or tufts,ofa whitith colour, and pleafant {mell, 


fhape and 


@ The Place. 

Thefe kinds of Yarrow are feldome found : they grow ina fat and fruirfiull foile,and fometimes 

in medowes,and are {trangers in England. 
| The Time, 

They floure from May vntill Auguft, 

@ The Names, 

Diofcorides defcription doth fufficiently declare, that this herbe is Stratiotes Millefolinm : it 
Greeke,sexnsne zégunoe : the height of the herbe theweth it, the forme of the leaues agree ; there is 
fome ambiguity or doubt in the colour of the floures,which Diofcorides defcribeth to bewhite,as 

the vulgar copies haue ; but Andreas Lacuna addeth out of the old booke, of a yellow colour : itis 
named of the laterage, Millefolinm minus, or little Yarrow, and Millefolium luteum, yellow Yarrow, 
or Nofe-bleede : the“A pathecaries and. common people know it not, 
| The Temperature, 
Yarrow is meanely cold and fomewhat binding. 
q The Vertues, 
It isa principal herbe for all kinde of bleedings, and to heale vp new and old vicers and greene 
wounds : there be fome, faith Galen, that vfe it for fiftulaes, 
B _ Thisplant 4chillea is thought to be the very famewherewith ea chilles cured the wounds of his 
fouldiers,as before in the former chapter. 


lant here figured and defcribed in the fecond place, was alfofigured and de(eribed formerly in the fifth place of the 209. chapterof this booke by 
pease Sra etie ia album, but the figure of Lobels which is put there being fomewhat imperfea, T thought itnot amiffe hereto giue that of Dedonans 
whichis fomewhat more exquifice, otherwife both the figure and hiftory might in this place haue been omitted, 


Cuar. 440. Of Valerian, or Setwall. 


q The D e{cription, 


I He tame or garden Valerian hath his firft Ieaues long, broad, fmooth,green, and vndi- 
, uided ; and the leaues vpon the ftalkes greater, longer, and deepely gathed oneither 
{ fide, like the leaues of the greater Parfnep, bur yet leffer : the ftalke is abouea cubit 
high,fmooth,and hollow,with certaine joints farre diftantone from another: out of which joints 
grow forth a couple of leaues,and in the tops of the ftalkes vpon fpokie rundles ftand floures heas 
i ped together, which are {mall, opening themfelues out of a long little narrow necke, of colour’ 
4 Whitith, and fometimes withall ofa light red : the root is an inch thicke,growing aflope, faftned. 
| on the vpper part of the earth by a multitude of ftrings, the moft part of it ftanding out of the 
‘| | ground,of a pleafant {weet fmell when it is broken, | 
2 Thegreater wilde Valerian hath leaues diuided and jagged, as thofe of the former ; thofe | 
about the ftalke hereof are alfo fmooth, hollow, and jointed, and aboue a cubit high :the floures | 
ftand on fpokie rundles like to thofe of the former, but ofa light purple colour : the roots are flen- 
BE aT MiP der, and full of ftrings and {mall threds, not altogether without fmell. 
} if 4H 3 The otherwilde one is much like in forme to the garden Valerian, but farre lefler: the firtt 
; Ieaues thereof be vndiuided, the other are parted and cut in funder : the ftalkes a fpan long :the | 
4 floures which ftand on fpokie rundles are like to thofe of the others, ofa light whitith purple co- 
Ue aa lour: the roots be flender,growing aflope,creeping, and full of fine finall threds,of little fmell. 
lee HRM (4 4 There isa {mall Valerian growing vpon rockes and ftony places,that is like vnto the laft de- 
Parl int a) {cribed,fauing it is altogether leffe. + The ftalk is fome hal fe foot high,and ftrait,diuiding it felfe 
into branches toward the top,and that alwaies by couples : the bottome leaues are whole, the top 


leaues | 


OF the Hiftory of Plants. 


2 Valeriana maior fylueflres, 


of Poca lys 


Great wilde Valerian, 


Pe 
= 
bo] 
= 
~ 
Vv 
n 
un 
eo 
= 
es 
RY 
8 5 
Ee, 
3 
= 
nO 
oS ke 
baad OTS 
Ss 
nO 
= 


J i 
8 si 
‘EB 
Se 
tu "rg | 
R 

e's 
S gl 
RU} 
ey 
KAM! 
ot 


Valeriana minor. 
Small Valerian. 


‘5 
> 


Xxxx 2 


Y hes Of the Hifterie pam | & 1B.2s 


I 
~ —— | 
| 


1 diuided.the floutes are fmall,ofawhitith purple colour,parted into fiue,and ftanding 
ires are falne, become dtar-fafhioned, diuided into fix 


vponround rough heads, which when the f 
parts: it floures im Iune,and isan annuall plant. + | 


5 Valeriana Graca. | 6 Valerviana Mexicana, 


Greekith Valerian. Indite Wlertans 
hy oCeAAN DR Cavurt ewe 


He 
) 


5. The fifth fort of Valerian hatlydiuers fmall hollow ftalkes,a foot high and fomewhat more, | 
garnifhed with Ieaues like vnto thofe'that do grow on the vpper part of the ftalks of common Va- | 
lerian, but {maller, cut oriagged almoft to the middle rib: at the top of the ftalkes doe srow the | 
: floures cluftering together, of a blew colour,confifting of fiue leaues apiece, hauing inthe middle; 

thereof {mall white threds tipped with yellow: the feed 1s fmall,growing in little huskes or feed } 
> elfebut as it were all of threds. | 
n(the feed whereof was fent me from thatreucrend Phy fition | 


' » vnderthetitle of 7 ta Mexicana: ) hauing {mal] tender ftalkes tra vpon 
I and brittle : whereupon doe grow fmooth greepith leaues like thofe off 


ue fet forth among ft the Lettuce, vider the title Lactuea Agnina,or 
ues come forth the floures cluftering together, like vnto the great | 
pe purple colour: the root is very fmall and threddic,which periths 
it hath brought his feed to maturitic or ripenefle,and mutt bee ; 
1 not before. 


n 


Ifo anotherfort or kinde of Valerian called by the name Phytenma, of the learned | 
pelier dnd others(fet forth vnder the ftocke orkindred of the Valerians,refem- 

| Com-fallad, which is called of fome Prolifera,from the Greeke title Phyteuma ; 
y econception,and to procure loue:) the loweft leaues are like thofe 
ith colour : the vpper leaues become moreiagged; the ftalks are 
ps whereof do ftand fimall round fpokie tufts of white ‘floures; which 
‘arc like {mall round pearles,which being ripe, grow to be fomewhat fiat, 
ach feed the print ofan hole, as ir were gtauen or bored therein. The raot | 
d fingle.with fome fibres annexed thereto. ; 

Beas (ie + 3 This fends forth from a white and wooddie root many leaues fpred Ypon-th@ground,creen, 

; . and 


to ma 


aS i iT 


Liss 2. 


—_—— 


+ 8 Valeriana annuaCluf. 


Annuall Valerian. 


$ 10 Haleriana Alpina ancuftifolia, 


Small Alpine Setwall. 
\) glen 


Pa 


onr 4 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ve j 7 


£ 9 Valeviana Alpina latifolia. 
Broad leaued Setwall of the Alp: 
Vale ft 7c , ree et 


and not vnlike thofe of the Star-Thiftle:among 
thefe rife vp fome round hollow branched {talks 
two cubites high: at cach ioint’grow forth two 
feaues lefler, yet like the lower: atthe tops of 
the branches grow the floures as it were in little 
vmbels , confifting of fitie leaues apiece ; and 
thefe of a light red, or flefh colour : and then 
thefe as it were vmbels grow into longifh bran- 
ches bearing feed almoft like Syet lefe thanthe 
red Valerian : it floures in Iuly, and peritheth 
when it hath ripened the feed. Clafivs hath fet 
this forth by the name of 7aleria va altera¥ 
9 The fame Author hathalfo'giuenvs the 
hiftorie of fome other Plants of this kind ;and 
this he cals Valeriana (yl. Alpinat latifol the ftalk 
hereof is fome foot high,round,greene, and cre- 
fted: vponwhich ftand !eaues longifh, fharpe 
pointed, and cut in with two or three deepe ga- 
fhes : but the bottome leaues are more round 
and larger, comming neere to thele of Tracheli- 
tim,yet leffer,flenderer,and bitter of tafte : the 
floures which are white of colour,and the feed, 
are like thofe of the other Valerians : the roor 
is fnall,creeping, fibrous,white and atomatick : 
it growesvpon the Alpes, and floures in Iune 

and Iuly. 
ro. This fendes forth leaues like thofe of 
the mountain Daifie : outofthe midft ofwhich 
POX EX 3 rifeth 


“Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


ia i (@) 
1079 


Lizz. 


@ The Place. 
The firt and likewife the Greeke Valerian are planted in gardens ; the wilde ones are found in 
noift places hard to riuers fides,ditches,and waterie pits; yet the greater of thefe is brought into 
eardens where it flourifheth, but the leffer hardly profpereth. 
re a The Time, 
Thefe floure in May,fune,and Iuly,and moft of the Sommer moneths. 
( : g The Names. 

Generally the Valerians are called by one name, in Latine,Valeriana : in Greeke,>* : in fhoppes 
alfo Phawhich for the moft part is meant by the garden Valerian, that is called of Diofc. ripe dope ; 
in Latine,Sylueflris, or Ruftica Nardus : of Pliny, Nardus Cretica : which names are rather referred to 
thofe of the next chapter , although thefe be reckoned as wildekindes thereof: of certaine in our 
age, Marine Wa, Arman llagh alentiana Genit wlaris,Herba Benedicta,and T heriacaria» in moft fhops,/ale. 
rviana Domeftica : Of T heophi ast ius Paracelfis,T erdina: inhigh Dutch, of baldeian +in low Dutch, 
Hpeevecuipt, D,Joxis crupt,and Waleviane : in Englith, Valerian,Capons taile,and Setwall.but : 
vnproperly, for that name belongeth to Zedoaria, which is not Valerian : what hath been fet downe 
inthe titles fhall ferue for the diftinG@ions of the other kindes. 

@| The Temperature. 

The garden Valerian is hot,as Diofcorides faith, but not much,neither the green root,but the dri- 
ed ones ; for the green is eafily pereeiued to hauevery little heate,and the dried to be hotter,which 
is found by the tafteand {mell. 


@ The Vertues. 

A The drie root,as D/o/coride s teacheth,prouoketh vrine,bringeth downe the defired fickneffe,hel- 
peth the paine in the fic sand is put Into counterpoifons and medicines preferuatiue againft the 
peftilence,as are treacles,mithridates,and fuch like : whereupon it hath been had (and is to this da 
among the poore people of our Nc rtherne parts) in {uch veneration among ft them,that no broths. 
pottage,or phyficall meats are worth any thing, if Setwall were not at an end :wherenpon fomewo- 
man Poet or otherhath made thefe verfes; , 


~ 


They that will haue their heale, 
Muft put Setwall in their keale. 


a 


B Itis vfed generally in fleight cuts, wounds,and {mall hurts. 
Cc . TheextraGion of the roots giucn, is a moft fingular medicine againft the difficultie of making 
water,and the yellow iaundies, 
Dp Wilde Valerian is thought of the later Herbarifts tobe good for them tharare burften. for fuch 
3 : } rad Pp ) 
: as be troubled with the crampe and other convulfions, and alfo for all thofe that are bruifed with 
falls. 
 @ Theleaues of thefe and alfo thofe of the garden,are good againft vicers and forenes of the mouth 
1 } and gums, if the deco {tion thereofbe gargarized or held in the mouth. 
E Some hold opinion that the roots of wilde Valerian dried and poudered,and a dramme weight 
thereof taken withwine, do pu rge vpward and don neward. 


j q ee ee chee eee a Sena en ae 


: if maa ee 


4 : 
Cuar. 441. Of eMountaine Serwall or Nardus. 
@ The Defcription, 
I Bl ¢ Nardus named Celtica, but now by fome,Liguftica Nardws flourifheth in high mouns 
* taines. The Vallefians in their mother tongue call it Sediga; whence Gefner thought it 
to be Salivica ; neither do doubt, but that it is the fame which Virgil {peaketh of in thefe vouame 
! Punicets humilis quantum Saliunca rofétis, , k 
ffrotantum tibicedit Amintas, + 
eeping on the ground,and afterward lifting vp it felfe witha flalke of 
on from the lower part grow final! thin leaues, firft ereen,but afterwards 
vpn the roughneffe of the roor there are many fcales,platted One vpon ano- 
there are many browne ftrings and hairy threds, in fmell like the roots of 
the wilde mountaine Valerian,whereofit feemes tobe akinde, in tafte tharpe 
x 3 the ypper branches,w hite or yellowifh,and very fmall, 


Iudicion 


i} 


For it is a vers 


dfu 


The 


Lis. 2 


1 Nardus Celtica, 


Celticke Spikenard. 
Vemcdger 5 as 


4 £ Nardus montana germinans: 
Mountaine Nard atthe firft fpringing vp 


Of the Hiftroy of Plants, fis. s 1079 


3 Hirculus, 
Wrine-wort, 


4. Nardus mbHtAtac 
Mountaine Spikenard. 


2 The fecond fort of Spikenard hath many 
threddy roots, from the which rife vp many {caly 
rough and thicke ftalkes, hauing avthe top certaine 
flat hoary leaues growing vpon {mal and tender foote 
ftalkes. ‘Thewhole plant is ofa pleafant fiveet finell.’ 

3 Hirewlus isa plantvery rare, which as yet I nes 
uer faw,notwithftanding we are greatly beholding 
to Carolus Clufius the father of forreine Simples, wha 
finding this plant among many bunches or handfulls 
of mountaine Spikenard, hath made it knowne vnto’ 
pofteriticyas he hath done many other rare plants, in 

eo sadism ae tranflatin 


@ 


i) 


oN NA RE -- hn aol 


1080 Ofthe Hifterie of Plants.) Baal 


¥ 


tranflating of Gareéas the Lufitanian Phyfitian, he fetteth it forth with a light defcription, faying, 
It isa bafe and low herbe two handfulls high , bringing forth leaues without any ftalkes at all, 
+ very hairy about the root, and blackifh, hauing no pleafant fent atall. The leaues chewed yeeld 
no aromaticke tafte, but are clammie, or vifcide ; whereas the leaves of Celticke Nardeare hot, 
with a little aftti tion, and ofa pleafant fmell and tafte. | + 

4 Mountaine Spikenard hath a great thicke knobbed root, fet here andthere with fome ten- 
der fibres,of a pleafant fweet {mel; from the which come forth three or foure fmooth broad leaues, 
and likewife iagged leaues deepely cut euen to the middle rib : among which rife vp naked ftalks, 
garnifhed in the middle witha tuft of iagged leaues, The floures grow at the top of the ftalks,in 
anvmbel or tuft like thofe of the wilde Valerian in fhape and colour,and fuch alfo is the feed. $1 
haue giuen you the figure of the root and whole leaues as they fhew themfelues when they firft ap- 
peare, as it was taken by Clufius. $ 


5 Nardus Indica. 6 Nardus Narbonenfis. 
Indian Spikenard. French Spikenard. 


LS 


Mi 


4 22S 


j i 5 _ The Spikenard of India is a low plant, growing elofe vnto the ground, compofed of man 
a | rough browne hairy cloues, ofa ftrong, yet not vnpleafant fmell. The root is {mall and threddie, 

‘ + Ithath certainly ftalkes, floures, and feeds ;but none of our Indian Writers or Trauellers haue 
as yet defcribed them. I haue feene little pieces of flender hollow ftalkes fome two inches long 
faftned to the roots that are brought tovs, + 
_ t 6 This French Spikenard, being a baftard kinde, sroweth clofe vpon the ground like the 
precedent, compact of fealy rough leaues: in the middle whereofcommeth fortha great buh of 
round greene ftiffe and rufhy leaues among the which fhoot vp diuers round ftalkes a cubit high, — 
fet from the middle to the topwith greenith little cods, ftanding in chaffie huskes like thofe of 

anth. T] A ; y Vine F : : 
Schoenanth. The root is fmall and threddy : the whole plant is altogether without fmell , which 
gheweth it to bea baftard kinde of Spikenard. 
; ; gq The Place. 
te Pots [the firft foure] are ftrangers in England growing in great plentie vpon the moun- 
caines of Iudenberg and Heluetia, on the rockes among the moffe, and in the mountains of Tirol 
and Saltzburg. ; 
The firft and fecond, ifmy memorie faile me not, do grow ina field inthe North part of Eng- 
land» 


Lae 2h Of the Hittorie < of Plants. 


ley 


ase called Crag clofe; sand ite the foot ofthe mountaine called fy gleborow: Fels, 
may be fotindicst ome gardens with vs. T he fifth growes in the Eat] Indies, in the, protiinces of 
Mandou and Chito in the kingdome of Bengala Pand Dec an.» The laff growes in Prouince in 
France; neere a little city call led Gange. + . 
@ The Time. 
The leaues gtow to withering in September, atwhich time they {mel 
when they flouriifhed andswere greene. 


more 


ay The Names. 

Nardus iscalled in Pannonia or Hungarie, of the countrey people, Speck 98 fome, Bech: 
thatis, the herbe of Viennaybecaufe it doth grow there in ereat aboundane ce, from whence FA i 
brought into other countriess.of Gefner, SWiance - in Englith, Celticke Spikenard : of the Valle- 
tians, Selli¢a, and Nardus Celtica. 

q The Temperature and Vertues, 

Celticke Narde mightil ¥ prouokes vrine, astecordeth Rondeletivs ; who trauelling through the A 
defart countrey, chenced to lodge ina mon afterie where was a Chanon that could t not chek’ his 
water, but was ‘prefently helped by the decoétion of this ‘herbe,through the aduice of the faid Roz- 
deletins. 

+ The true Spikenard or Indian Nard hatha heating and drying facultie, being > (according to’ B 

Galez)hot i inthe-firft ft degpye [yet the Greeke copy h hath the third] and dry inthe fecond. It is com- 
pofed ofa fufiiciently at fitingent fubt ance, and not much acride heate, and a certaine lighrbétter- 
nefle, Confifting of thefe faculties, according to reafon, both inw ardly and lourwardly. vied it is 
conuenient for the liver and ftomacke. 
rouoketh vrine, helps the gnawing paines ot f the ftomacke, outs vp the defuxions that trou- C 
ble the belly and intrals, as alfo thofe the at moleft the head and bref 

Tt ftayes the fluxes of the be lly, and thofe of the wombe, Saint inapeflaric, andin abath D 
it helpes ‘the inflammation thereof, 

Dri inkeimeold water, it helpes the naufeoufneffe, gnawings, and windineffe of the ftomacke, 
the liver, and the difeafes of the kidneyes,and it is much vfed tobe put into Antidotes. 

It is good to eaufe haite to grow on the eye lids of fuch as want it,and is good to be ftrewed vp- FE 
on any partofthe body that abounds with fuperfluous moifture,to dry i itvp. 

The Celticke-Nard is good forall the forementiot 1ed vies, ay leffe efficacie, vnleffe in the G 
prouoking ofvrine,. Itis alfo much vfed in Antidotes. 

The mountaine Nard hath alfo the fame faculties,but is much weaker than the formef, and not 


invfeatthis day thatIknow of. + 


a rah saute! Valier ea i pao a Tage ei ee 
Cuar. 442. Of Larkes heele or Larkesclaw. 
G The Deftription. 
I ‘He garden Larks {pur hath a round ftem ful of branches,fet with ten: a 1ged Ieaues 


very like ynto the Fenall Sothernwood : the floures grow alongft the ftalks toward the 

tops of the branches, of a blew colour, confittin: oof fiue little leanes whic h grow to- 

sether and make one hollow fi floure, hauing a taile or {pur at theend turning in like the fpurre of 

Tod e-flax. After come the feed, very blacke, like thofe of Leekes: the root peritheth atthe fir 
apptoch of Winter. 

2  Thefecond Larks {pur is like the precedent, but fomewhat fmaller in ftalkes 
the floures are alfo like in forme, but of a white colour, wherein PP ecially is the diff 
floures are fometimes of a purple colour, fometime -s white, murre carnation,and of fundry other 
colours, varying infinitely, according to the foile or countre; oahe ‘rein they Itue. 

$/.3  Larks fpur with double floures hath leaues, ftalkes, roots,a and feeds like the other fi ; 
kinde, but the Biase es of this are double; and hereof there are as many feuerall varieties as there 
beof the fingle kinde, to wit, white, red, blew, purple, bluth,&c. 

4 Thete is alfo another varictie of this plant, which hath taller ftalkes and larger Ic Jeaues than 
the common kinde : the floures alfo are more double and larger, w ith alefferheele: this kind alfo 
yeeldeth vfually leffe teed than the former. The colour of the oats is as vee as nate of C 
mer, being either blew, purple, white, red, or bluth, and fometimes mixed of fome of 

5 The wilde ferks {pur hath moft fine i iageed leaues, cut at id hackt into diuers nd 
fedlyfet vpona fimall middle tendrell:. among which grow the floures,in thape likethe oth 


1 leaues: 


~ 


=F OZ Of the Hiftory alPlants. : B : mn 


1 Confolidaregalis fatina. 2 Crnfolida fatina flore alto vel rudro. 


Garden Larks heele. 4 


White or red Larks fpur. 


Cb libs Lane ys 5 | 
| oF 
tale Oa 6 
(iT Ah ~§ 
Wd 
a7 
lr 


£3 Confolidaregalis lore duplici. £ 4 Confolidareg elatior flo.pleno. 
Double Larks fpur. Great double Larks fpur. 


Ny 


Lis. | OftheHiftoryofPlants: ———————=—«1083 


a great deale le ffer, fometimes purple, otherwhiles white, and often of a mixt ¢olour. The root is 
{mall and threddy. ‘ 


5 Confolidarecalis fylueftris. q The Place; 
Wilde Larkes heele. 


Thefe plants are fet and fowne fin eardens: 
the laft groweth wilde in corne fields, and 
° where corn hath grown, ¢but not with vs,that 
I haue yet obferued ; though it be frequently 
found in fuch places in many parts of Ger- 
manic. ¢ 
q The Time. 

They floure for the moft part all Somme 
long, from Iune to the end of Augutt,and oft- 
times after. 

@ The Names. 

Larks heeleis called Flos Regius : of diuers, 
Confolida regalis , who make it one of the Con- 
founds or Comfreyes. It is alfothought tobe 
the Delphiniumwhich Diofcorides defcribes in 
his third booke , wherewith it may agree. It 
is reported by Gerardus of Veltwijcke,who re- 
mained Lieger with the great Turke from the 
Emperor Charles the fifth, That the {aid Gerard 
faw at Conftantinople a copy which had in 
the chap, of De/phinium, not leaues but floures 
{ike Dolphines : for the floures,and efpecially 
before they be perfected, haue a certaine fhew 
and likeneffe of thofe Dolphines , which old 

iGtures.and armes of certain antient families 
Fic: expreffed with a crooked and bending fi- 
gure or fhape; by which figne alfo the heauen- 
ly Dolphine is fet forth. Andit skilleth nor, 
though the chapter of Delphiniumbe thought 
tobe falfified and counterfeited ; for although it be fome other mans,ahd nor of Dioftdrides, it is 
_ notwithftanding fome one of the old Writers, out of whom it is taketi, arid foifted into Déofcori- 
des hisbookes : of fome it is called Bucinus, or Bucinum : in Englith,Larks {pur,Larks heele,Latks 
toes, and Larks claw : inhigh-Dutch, tober {poogen ; that is, Eqaités calcar, Knights {pur : in Ita- 
lian, Sperone : in French, Pied d’ alouctte. 
G The Temperature. 
Thefe herbes are temperate and warme of nature. 
The Vertues. ; 
We finde little extant of the vertues of Larks heele, either in the antient or later writers, worth Aq 
the noting, or to be credited ; for it is fetdowne, that the feed of Larks {purdrunken is good a- 
gainft the ftingings of Scorpions ; whofe vertues are fo forcible, that the herbe onely thrown be- 
fore the Scorpion or any other venomous beaft,caufeth them to be without force or ftrength to 
hurt, infomuch that they cannot moue or ftirre vntill the herbe be taken away : with many other 
fuch trifling toyes not worth the reading. 


girerioritsns 


Cuar. 443. Of Gith,or NGgella. 


q The Kindes. : 
Here be diuers forts of Gith or Nigella, differing fome in the colour of the floutes, others in 
the doubleneffe thereof, and in {mell of the feed. 


@ The Defcription. 79. Nalin 
I TH: firftkind of Nigella hath weake and brittle ftalks of the height of'a foot, full of bran- 
ches, befet with leaues very much cut or iagged, tefembling the leaues of Fumiterie, but 


» much greener: the floures grow at the top of the branches, of awhitifh blew colour, each a 
F Deing; 


oO 
OOA 


i) 


° 
S 
SS 

= 
x 
Ss 
Pe 
iS 
S 
sS 
S 
= 
Ss 
oe 


is) 
5) 
ide 
Hie 
f, 
a 
u 
ae} 
= 
co 


e] 


Dou 


£ 4 Melanthium Damafcenum flo. pleno. 
Double floured Damaske Nigella 


Damaske Nigella. 


2 Melanthium Damafcenum « 


Lis 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. io8s 
being parted into fiue {mall leaues, ftarté fathion : the floures being vaded, there conie vp {mal! 
knobs or heads, hauing at theend thereof fiue or fix little fharpe hornes of pointalls > and ene: 
ty knob or head is diuided into findty final! cels or partitions, wherein the feed is conteined, 
which is of a blackith colous, very Jikevnto Onion feed, in tafte fharpe, and ofan excellent feet 
fauour. ea 

2  Thewilde Nigella Hatha ftreaked ftalke a foot or more high, befét full of grayith leaves, 
very finely jagged,almoft like the leaties of Dil: the floutes are like the former, faue that they are 
blewer : the cods or knops are like thé heads or htiskes of Columbines; wherein is conteined tl< 
fiveet and pleafant feed, like the former, - Ba: 


5 Nigella lore albo multiplici: ¥ 6 Nigella Hifpanica flore ample. 
Damaske Nigella, _ Great Spanith Nigella, 


sh Uh SAY Ue Hispano < 


Vat 24. 


3 The third kinde of Nigellawhich is both faite and pleafantjealled Damaske Nigella,is vé2 
ty like vnto the wilde Nigella in his {mall cut and jagged leaues,but his ftalke is longer:the floures 
are like the former,but greater,and euery floure hath fiue fmall greene leaues vnder him,as it were 
to {upport and beare him vp: which floures being gone, there fucceed and follosy knops and feed 
dike the former,but without fmell or fauour. 

# (4 Thisin the fmalneffe,and fhape of the ldaues and the mamier of growing is like tothe 
lat defcribed hauing {mal leaues growing vader the floure,which isnot fingle,as in the laft deferi- 
bed; but double, confifting of fiue or more rankes of little blewith leaues,which are fueceeded by 
- cornered heads as thofe of the former, hauing in'themia blacke feed without any manifett 

mell, # 

§ The fifth kinde of Nigella hath many fall and flender ftalkes, fet full of flenderand thin 
leaues deepely cut or jagged,of a faint yellowith greene colour : the floures gtow atthe top ofthe 
ftalkes,ofawhitifh colour,and exceeding double :which being vaded,tliere fireceed bowles or 
knobs, full of fiveet blacke féed like the former: ths root is fmall and tender. 

#6 Therootof this is lender; and yellowith; the ftalke fonre cubit bigh, tound,¢reen,cre- 

_ fed,and coward the top diuided-into fundry branches, the leaues toward the bottome are fo'ne- 
- whar fmall cut, but fonewhat largervpon the ftalkes. The floure is much latger thatiany of the 
former,compofed.of fine leaues, ofa light blew aboue,and fomewhat whitidy vaterncath, wich 

yey large 


“1086 Of the Hiftory of { Planes, , Ist B. mi 


, Jarge veines running -about them: inthe middle fronds. vp the head eneompa affediwith blackith 
* threds,and fome 7.0r 8. little gaping blewith floures at the berremes of thems ithe leanes of the 
floures decayi ing the head becomes bigger, haying at the tops thereof 6.,7!.0r 8. loheilh twined 
hornes growing,in a ftar fafhion;the infidei is parted into cels conteyning.a yellowifh grecn, or elie 
blackith feed. iti is fet forth inthe Hortes Ey/letten(is by the name of Melanthium Hifpanicum maites « 
by M*. Parkinfon it is gall led Nigella. Hifpanice afloe fimplici , and Baubine invhis Prodromus hath it by 
the name of Nigella latifolia flore majore fimplici ceruleo, Itis.an anaua Wt plant, anid foures in'Iyly 
it is fometimesto be found in the gardens ofour Florifts,.:¢ 

@ The Place. 
The tame are fowne in gardens: the wilde ones do grow of themfelues among corne and other 
grainc,in diners countries ; beyond the feas, 
@ The Time. 
The feed muft be fowne in April! : it floureth in Iuly and Auguft. 
@ The Names. 

Gith is called in Greeke wasam, in Latine alfo Melanthium:in fhops, Nigellu, and Nyeellz Romana 
ofdiuers,G/th,and Salufandria, and fome among the former baftard names, Papas wer nigrum - in high 
Durch, Sawartsbymunich : :in low Durch. fardus faet : in Italian Nigella: in Spanith, Ctiae 
Altpinre : in E rench,Niclle odorante : in Eng!1ib,Gith,and Nigella Romana, Cambridgethire,Bi. 
fhops woort:and alfo Dine Catharine flos, Saint Katharines floure. 

q The Shei dehed 

The feed of the garden Nigella is hot and dry in the third degree, and of thin parts. 

g@ The Vertues. 

A The feed of Nigella Romana drunke with wine,is a remedy againft the (hortnes of breath, diffol- 
ueth and putteth forth windineffe, prouoketh vrine, the menfes,inereafeth milke in the brefts of 
nurfes ifit bedrunke moderately, otherwife it is nor onely hurtfull co them, but to any thar rake 

1 tl e ereof roo often,or in too great a quantity. 


ah B. Thefeed killeth and drineth forth wormes, whether it be taken withwine or water, or laid to 
% Wai | the nauell in manner ofa plaifter. 
< iil C  Theoile that is drawne forth thereof hath the fame property. 


: D The feed parched or dried at the fire, brought into pouder, and wrapped ina pieee of fine lawne 
or farcenet, cureth ail murs, catarthes, theumes, and the pofe, drieth the braine, and reftoreth the 


\ by iit fence of fmelling ynto thofe. which haue loft it, being often fmelled ynto from day to day, and 
pe made warme at the fire when itis vied. 
} er E__Ietakes away freckles, fcurfs,and hard fwellings,being laid on mixed with vineger. Tobe briefe, 


as Galen faith, it isa saoiexcellent remedy w here there j isneed.of clenfing, drying, and heating. 
pF  Itferueth well among other fweets to put into feet waters, bagges, and odorife Tous pow dersy 


{ The figuresof the th’'rdand fourth ofthe former edition were tranfpoled, 


‘ . Cuar. 444. Of Cockle. Ae : 


@ The Defiription. 


Ockle isacommon and hurtfull weed in our Corne, and very well knowne by the name of 
Cosel; which Pezacalleth Pfeadomelanthium, and Nicellafrum, by which names Dodoneus and 
Fuchfies doalfotermcit , Mutonus calleth it Lolium, and Traguscalleth it Lychnoiaes fecerum. This 
planchath ftraighe, flender, and hairy ftems, garnithed with long hairy and graytth leaues, which 
att Siow together by couples, inclofing ‘the ftalkeround abour:: the floures are ofa purple colout, de- 
| clining to rednefle, conilting of fiue {mall leaues, in proportion very like to wilde Campions; 
‘wie en the floares rane vaded there follow round khobs or heads full of blackith feed, like vgto che 
feed of Nigella, but without any finell or favour at all. 
gq The Place and Time. 


Hi) A | The place of his gtowing,and time of his flouring are better knowne then defire 
Va iad ES BBY gq The Nama 
B yeaa Hh Cockle is ca ahaha sa and Nyeellaftrum,wilde or baftard Nigella; of F eal, 


Lohema:0f Moutor Lychnotdes fegetnm:of Tragus, Githago : in high Durch dog iteggelesin low Dutch, 

Cowse caafers ia Srench, Nzelle des Bled= : iw Bn2 Lith, Cockle: field Nigella, orwilde Nigella ; 
in Italtan, Bind 5W hereupon mot Herbarifts being mooued with the liken of the word, | 
4. oh haue choughe it to edi true Gith or Melanthium ; bilvtow farre they are deceiued iris Herees 
knowne,than need full to be confuted : forivdoth notonely differ in leaues from thetrue Githjbut - 
alfo in other properties,and y yet itis called Gith or Melanthinm, and that is of the blackenes of the | 

jucd yet-not properly,but w itha certain addition,that it may differ from the true aelanthienesfor 

Hippo crates 


ee ree 


PL 1B. 2. Of the Hiftroy of Plants. i087 


‘ Pfeudomelanthium. Hippocrates calleth it Melanthium ex Triti- 
Baftard Nigella,or Cockle, co, of wheate: Ocfanius Horatianus calleth 
lene mace 4 GC thor o. that Gith which groweth among Core: 
i Kee j and for the fame caufe it is name ed of the 


learned of this our time Nigellaftrum, Gi- 
gatho, and Pfeudomelant thiume- Rucllins faith 
itis called in French Niele, and Flas ¢ Mi= 
cancalus. 


@ The Temperature. 


The feed of Cockle is hot and dry in 
the later end of the fecond degice. 


oe 


@ The Vertues. 


The feed made ina peflaric or mother A 
{uppofitoriec, with honey pur vp, bringeth 
dewne the defired ficknefle, as Hip ippocrates 
in his booke of womens difeales doth wit- 
nefle. 

Octanius Horatianus giueth the feed par- B 
ched and beaten to pouder to be drunke a- 

gaint the yellow jaundice. 

‘Some ignorant people haue vfed the C 
feed hereof for the feed of Darnell, to the 
great danger of thofe who haue teceiued 
the fame: : what hurt it doth among corne, 
the fpoyle vnto bread,as well in ‘colour, 
tafte,and vnwholefomnes, is better known 
than de fired. 


Ticeniahomaniat 


Cuar. 445. Of Fumitorie. 


The Kindes. ; 
| fips be diuers herbes'comprehended vnder the title of Fumitorie; fome wilde, and others of 
the garden ; fome with bulbous or tuberous roots, and others with fibrous or threddy roots 

and firft of thofe whofe roots are nothing but ftrings. 


q The Defcription. 

I Vmitorie is avery tender Little herbe : the ftalkes thereof are flender, hauing as it were 
little knots or ioynts full of branches, that {carfe grow vp from the ground without 
proppings, but for the moft part they g grow fidelong : the leaues round about are {mall, 

cut on the edgesas thofe of Coriander, which as “well as the ‘ftalkes are of awhitith greens the 
floures be made vp inclufters at the tops of the {mall branches,ofa red purplecolour : then rifev 
huskes, round and little, inwhich lieth the fmall feed: the root is flender,and groweth ftraight 
downe. £ This is alfo found with floures ofa purple violet colour, and alfo fomtimes with them 
white. + 

2 The fecond kinde of Fumitorie hath many {mall long and tender branches,wherupon grow 
little leaues, commonly fer together by threes or fiues, in colour and tatte like vntothe former. 
hauing at the top of the branches many {mall clafping “tendrel s,with which it taketh hold vpon 
hedges, bufhes, and w hatfoeuer groweth next vnto it : ithe floutes are fmall, and cluftering toge- 
ther ofawhite colour, with alittle {pot in their middles after which fucceed cods containing 
the feed : the root is fingle, and ofa fingers length. 

2. Thethirdkinde of Bimitotie! ak avery {mall root,confifting of divers little ftrings ; from 
which arife fmall and tender branches trailing here and there vpon the ground , befet with many 
fmal{ and tender Ieaues mot finely cut and i iageed, like the little leaues of Di Il, ofa deepe greene 
colour tending to blewneffe : the floures ftand on the tops of the branches, in bunches or clufters 
thicke thru tozether, like thofe of the medow ap auer, or rears ae sraffe,o ofa moft bright red 
colour, and very beautifull to behold : the root is 


4 The 


Lis. 2. OF the Hitory of Plants. 1084 


a 


The yellow Pumitorie hath many crambling, threddy roots, fomewhar thicke, grofle, and 
fat, like thofe of Ajparagus - from whichrife divers ypright ftalkes a cubit high, diu'di 2 them- 
felues toward the top into other fimaller branches , wheron are contuledly placed Jeaties tke thofe 
of rhaliétrum, or Englith Rubarb, but leffer and thinner : along{t the tops of the branches erow 
yellow floures, refembling thoft of Sage : which being paft, there followerh’ faiall feed like vnto 
duft. 4 

@ The Place. ; 5 

The Fumitories, grow in corne fields among Barley and other graine ; in vineyards,gardens,and 
fiich like manured piaces. I found the fecond and third growing ina corne field betweenea {mall 
village called Charleton and Greenwich. 
’ q The Time, 

Fumitorie is found with his floure in the beginning of May,and fo continues to the end of fom- 
mer. Whenit is in floureis the beft time to gather it to keepedry, orto diftill. 

q The Names. 

Fumitorie is called in Greeke tems, afd xem, and often kemine: in Latine,Fumaria : of Pliny,Cap- 
nos : in fhops, Fumus terra : in high-Dutch, €ydtrauch s in low-Dutch,@rifecom,upuen kere 
nels in Spanith, Padomilha : in French and Englith, Fumiterre. 

q The Terperature. 

Fumitoric is not hot, as fome hauethought it tobe; but cold and femething dry ; it openetli 

and clenfeth by vrine. 
: © The Vertues. 

It is good forall them that haue either fas or any other filth growing on the skinne, and for 
them alfo that haue the French difeafe. 

Itremoueth ftoppings from the liuer and {p!cene : it purifieth thebloud, and is oft times good 
for tliem that haue a quartane ague. 

}. Thedecoétion of the herbe is vfed to be giuen, or elfe the fyrrup that is made of the inycé: the 
diftilled water thereof is alfo profitable againft the purpofes aforefaid, 

It is oftentimes boyled in whay, and in this manner it helpeth in the end of the Spring and in 
Sommer time thofe that are troubled with fcabs, 
© Paulus Aigineta faich that it plentifully prouoiethvrine, and taketh away the ftoppings of the 
liuer, and feebleneffe thereof; that it (trengthneth the ftomacke, and maketh the belly foluble. 

Diofcorides aftirmeth, that the inyce of Fumitorie, of that which groweth among Barley, as e4- 
gineta addeth, with gum Arabicke, doth take away vaprofi table haires that pricke the eyes, grow- 
ing vpon the eye lids, the haires that pricke being firft plucked away, for it will not fuffer others 
to grow intheir places. 

The decoétion of Fumitorie drunken driueth forth by vfine and fiege all hot cholericke burnt 
and hurcfull humors, and isa moft fingular digefter of falt and pituitous humors. 


; 


4 There were formerly fix figures and defcriptions ia this chap eof the two firft figures were of the common Fumitorie, the one with purple, the 
other w thevhite foures; andche cw later were of che Funaria l'tefolia dara, differing onely inthe Largeneffe and {mallneffe of theleafe. The deferiptionin 
the fecond place belonzed ro the Fumaria claviculata, which "lf was againe deicribed in che fifth and fix:h places, yet not co much purpofe ; wherefore I haue put 
the figure co the fecond, and omitted the otheras fuperfluous. 


Cuar.446. Of bulbous Fumitorie, or Hollow-root. 
@ The Defcription. 
I He leaues of steat Hollow.root are iagged and cut in funder, as be thofe of Cortan- 


der, ofa light greenith colour, that is to fay, like che gray colour of the leaues of Co. 
dumbine, whereunto they be alfo in forme like, but lefler: the ftalks be fmoorh,round, 
and flender, an handfull long ; about which, on thevpper part ftand little floures orderly placed, 
long, witha little horne at the end like the floures of Tode-flax, ofa light red tending toa purple 
colour: the feed lieth in flat cods, very foft and eréenith when it is ready to yeeld vp his black fhi- 
Ning ripe feed : the root is bumped or bulbous, hollow within,and on the ypper part preffed down 
fomewhat flat, coucred ouer with a darke yellow skin or barke, with certaine ftrings faftned there- 
to, and ofa bitterand aufteretatte. ‘ 
(2 The fecond is like voto the firft in each refpect, fauing that it bringeth floures of a white 
colour, and the other not fo. 
3. Thefmall purple Hollow-root hath roots, !eaues, ftalkes, floures, and feeds like the prece- 
dent, the efpeciall ditterence is, that this plant is fomewhat leffe. 
Yyyy 3 4. The 


A 


i oe Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 
ay The fmall white Hollow-root likewife agreeth with the former in eacla re{pect, fauing that 
this plant bringeth white floures and the other not fo. 


1 Radix ¢aua maior purpurea. 2 Radix cana maioy alba. 
‘Great purple Hollow-root, Great white Hollow-root. 


s This kinde of Hollow-root is alfo like the laft defcribed, fauing that the floures hereofare 
mixed with purple and white, which maketh it to differ ftom the others. 

6 There is no difference in this, that can poffibly be diftinguithed, from the laft deferibed,{a- 
uing that the floures hereof are of a mixt colour,white and purple,with fome yellow in the hollow- 
neffe of the fame, wherein confifteth the ditference from the precedent. 

This thin leafed Hollow-root hath likewife an hollow root,couered ouer with a yellow pil- 
ling,of the bigneffe ofa tennife ball : from which fhoot vp leaues fpred vpon the ground,very like 
vnto the Jeaues of Columbines,as well in forme as colour,but much thinner, more iagged,and al- 
together leffer :among which rife vp {mall tender ftalkes, weake and feeble, of an handfull high, 
bearing from the middle thereof to the top very fine floures, fathioned vnto one piece of the Co- 
i lumbine floure,which refembleth a little bird of a purple colour. 3 

8 This other thin leafed Hollow-rootis like the precedent, {auing that this plant brings forth 
white floures tending to yelJownefle, oras it were of the colour of the field Primrofe. 

9 *Munnpkens holtooetele, as the Dutch men doe call it, hath many fmall iageed Ieaues 
growing immediately from the ground , among which rife vp very flender ftalkes , whereon doe 
grow firch Icaues as thofe next the ground : on the top of the branches ftand faire purple floures 
like vnto the others of his kinde, fauing that the floures hereofare as it were fimall birds, the bel- 
Sr ae Lea lies or lower parts whereofare of a white colour, wherein it differeth from all the reft of the Hol- 
{PN ie low-roots. 

Toa) i to Thelaft and fmall hollow-root is like the laft defcribed, fauing that it is alrogether leffe, 
{ ; and the floures hercof are of a greene colour, not vnlike in fhape to the floures of Cinkefoile. 
| 


EE gp OO se 


+ This plant, whofe figure our Author here gaue with this {mall defcription, is that which from 
the fmel of muske is called Mo/chatella, by Cordus and others : it is the Devticulata of Dalefchampins : 
the Fumariabulbofatubero{a minima of Tabersamontanus - and the Ranunculus minimus [cptentrionalium 
herbido mufcofo flore of Lobel. The root hereof is fmall and toothed,or made of little bulbes refem- 
bling teeth, and ending inwhite hairy fibres : it fendethvp diners little branches fome two 

or 


pac cat wap EET 


* 


“Lis Of the Hiftroy of Plants. ks 


or three inches high: the leaues are fomewhat like thofe of the yellow Fumitorie, or Radix cava, 
but much leffe: the floures grow cluftering on the top of the ftalke,commonly fiic or feuen toge- 
ther,each of them made of foure yellowith green leaues with fome threds in them, it floures in 4= 
prill,and is tobe found in diuers places among ft buthes at that time,as in Kent about Chiflehurtt; 
efpecially in Pts hiswood,and at the further end of Cray heath,on the left hand vnderahedge 4: 
mong bryers and brambles, which is his proper fear. ¢ 


9 Radix cauaminor. 10 Radix caud minima viridi flores 
Bunnikens Holwoort< Small Buonikens Holwoort, 


Be olomee | Va mS olds oteree AN. Av . 


@ The Place, : ; 
Thefe plants do grow about hedges,brambles,and in the bordets of fields and vineyards,in low 
and fertile grounds,in Germanic and the Low-countries, neuertheleffe the two firft, and alfo the 
tio laft defcribed do grow in my garden. 


q The Time, 

Thefe do floure in March,and their feed is ripe in Aprill :the leaves and ftalkes are gon in May, 
and nothing remaining faue onely the roots, fo little awhile do they continue. 

G The Names. 

Hollow root is called in high Dutch Holtourtss in low Dutch, ooletwogtele, that is, Radix ca- 
va: in Englith, Hollow root,and Holewoort :itis vfed in fhops in fteed of Ariftolochia, or round 
Birthwoort,which errour is better knowne than needful! to be confuted : and likewifc their errour 
is apparant,whorathly iudge it to be Pi/tolochia,or little Birthwoort. It fhould feem the old Wri- 
ters knew it not ;wherefore fome of our later Authors haue made it Leomtopetalé (pecies, ora kinde 
of Lions Turnep : others, Eviphinm : and otherfome,Thefium : molt mien, Capnos Chelidonia: it fee: 
meth to agree with Leontopetalon in bulbed roots,and fomewhat in leaues, but inno other refpects, 
as may be perceiued by Diofcorides and Plinies defcription of Leontopetalon. And if Eriphium haue 
his namie x x sz, that is to fay of the Spring, then this root may be not vnproperly Eriphium, and 
Veris Planta : or the Plant of the Spring : for it is euident that it appeareth and is greene in the 
Spring onely: fone thinke it hath beene called Eriphium,ah Hedo,or of the Goat: but this Eriphion 
is quite another plant,as both Apuleius writeth, and that booke alfo'mentioneth which is attribu- 

ted to Galen,and dedicated to Pateraianus. Inthe booke which is dedicated to Paternianus there be 

read thefe words ; { Briphion is anherbewhich is found vpon high mountaines, it hath leaues like 

Simallage,a fine floure likethe Violet,and a root as greatasan Onion: it hath likewife other roots 
tvhichy 


“yoo2 * Ot the Hiftory of Plents: 


Lis.2. 


which fend forth roots afterroots. Whereby it is euidenttharthisscot whereof we intreat is not 
this kinde of Eriphinm. Concerning The/ium the old Writers haue written but little: Theophra fas 
faitb,that the root thereof is bitter, and being ftamped purgeth the belly. P/zy in his 21. booke, 
chap.17.fheweth, that the root which is called Thefinm is like the bulbed plants, and is rough in 
tate: Athenaus citing Timachida for an Authour, faith, that Thefivm.is called.a Houreofwhich 4ri- 
adnes garland was made. Thefe things feeme well to agree with Hollow.root ; for it is bumped or 
bulbous,of tafte bitter and auftere or fomething rough, which is alfo rhought to purge: burwhat 
certaintie can be affirmed,feeing the old writers are {o briefe > what manner of herbe Capmes Cheli- 
doniais,which groweth by hedges,and bereupon is furnamed »;2;nm6, Aetins doth not expound,onely 
the name thercof is found in his fecond Tetrab.the third booke, chap. 110.in A¢artianys his Collyr:- 
um,and inhis Tetrab. 3.booke,2.chap.among fuch things as ftrengthen the liver. But if Capos Che- 
lidoniabe that which Pliny in his 25 .booke,chap.13.dorth call Priva Gapuos, orthe firft Capnos, and 
commendeth it for the dimneffe of the fight, it is plain enough that Radix \caua,or the Hollow root, 
is not Capros Chelidonia: for Plinies firft Capuos is branched,and foldeth it felfe vpon hedges:but Hol- 
low root bath no fuch branches growing on it,and is a low herbe, ard is rot held yp with props,nor 
needeth them.But if detivs his Capos Chelidoniabe another herb differing from that of Plizy (which 
thing perchance was thecaufewhy it fhould bee furnamed Chelidonia) there is fomereafon why it 
fhould be called Capnos Chelidonia; for it is fomewhat like Fumitorie in leaues, though ereater,and 
commeth vp at the firft fpring, which is about the time when the Swallowes docome in: neuerthe- 
leffe it doth not follow,that it is true and right Capzos Chelidonia tor there be alfo other herbs com- 
ming vp at the famefeafon,and perifh in fhort time after, which notwithflanding are not called 
Chelidonia. i 


> The Temperature. 
‘Hollow root is hot and drie,yet more drie than hot,that is to fay,dry in the third degree, and hor 
in the fecond, it bindeth,clenfeth,and fomewhat wafteth. 


ay ; ; @ The Vertues: 

{ | A Hollow root is good againft old and long lafting {wellings of the Almonds inthe throat, and 

| of the iawes: it likewife preuaileth againft the paines of the hemorrhoides,which are fwolne and 

: painefull,being mixed with the ointment of Poplarbuds, called Yug. Populeon. 
é B Iris reported thata dram weight hereof being taken inwardly,doth purge by fiegejand draweth 
forth flegme. j 


| { + Ihanereduced the eight Ggures which were formerly here put to the firft 8 deferi s, beingall cf oneand the fare plant, tottvo yer have I Jeftthe 

defcriptions, which inmy ion mighthaue been as well {pared as the figures, for excepting the various colourof the flenres there are but iwo difling ditlerences 
of the Fumaria bulbofa maior, the onc hauing ahollowneffe inthe bottome of the roor, and the other wanu nd thi: which baththe follid root hatbalfe the 
greene leaues beiweene the foures cut in or diujded, the floures alfo are Jeff, more in ruber, and of an clegant red purple colour and feldeme !otnd ofany 


other colour, whereas the other varies much inthe colour of the floures. 


, Cuar. 447. Of Columbine. 


| a The Defiription. 


x He blew Columbine hath leaues like the great Celandine,but fomewhat rounder,iné 
| dented on the edges,parted into diuers fe@tions,of a blewith greene colour, which be- 
ing broken yeeld forth litle iuice or none at all: the ftalke is acubitanda halfe high, 
flender,reddifh,and fleightly haired : the {lender {prigs whereof bring forth euerie one one floure 
with five lictle hollow hornes,as it were hanging forthwith fmall leaves ftanding vpright, of the 
hape of little birds.thefe floures are ot colour fomtimes blew,at other times of a red or purple,of — 
ite,orof mixt colorswhich to diftinguith f{euerally would be to fmal purpofe,being things ~ 
0 familiarly knowne toall: after the floures grow vp cods, in which is contained little blackeand _ 
eda "4 glittering feed : the roots are thicke, with fome ftrings thereto belonging, which continue manie 
yeares. 


* 


5 


The fecond doth not differ fauing in the colour of the floures ; for like as the others arede- 

{eribec:to be b lew fo thefeareofa purple red,or horfe-fleth colour, which maketh the difference. | 
: Thedouble Columbinchath ftalks, leaues,and roots, like the former.the floures hereof are 
: very doub lethat is to fay,many of thofe little floures(hauing the forme of birds)are thruft one in- 
: tothe belly ofanother,fometimes blew,often white , and other whiles of mixt colours, as nature 
't toplay with her litele ones,differing fo infinitely,that to diftinguifh them apart would require | 
mor 


eS) 


Lis.2. OF the Hiftory of Plants: Gey 1093 


I Aquilegia cernlea, aes - 
a > Le 33 ig x 
oe i "Reto abn 
a sib a aed eset Red Columbines: 
N \ fh 
GS 


3 Aquilina multipl ; Bir wires 
Double Caliiabehes ae ete oe 
, Variegated Columbine; 


“1094 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ~ Lead 


£5 Aquilegia flo.ipverforubro. £ 6 Aquilezia flo. inver{e albo. 
Columbine with the inuerted red floure. Inuerted Columbine with the white floure, 


4 ech 8 Aquilegia'degener 
+ 7 Agquileciaflore rofeo. ¢ LESTE ae 
Z Rote 98 he sb Degenerate Columbine. 


Lee 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants: ' 10g 


inore time than were requifite to l¢efe : and therefore it {hall fuffice what hath beene faid for their 
deferiptions. ; vat OAS 

+ 4 . Thereare alfo other vatieties of this’ doublekinde, which haue the foutes of diucrs ot 
partie colours,as blew and white,and white and ted varioufly marked or {potted. 

5 Thiskindehath the floures with their heeles ot {putres turned Outward or i the middle Gf 
the floure,whence itis called Aquilias invir/a: the floures of this ate commonly teddith, or of a 
light or darke purple colour,and double. 

6 This differs from the laft in the colour of tlie flores which are white, yet double,and initcr- 
ted as the formers ; 

+ The roots, leaues,and ftalks of this are not vnlike thofe of the precedent,but the foure is much 
different in thape ; forit hath no heels or fpurs,but is made of fundrie long leaues lying flat open, 
being fometimes more fingle,and otherwhiles more double. The colour of the floure is either red, 
white, blew,or varioufly mixt of thefe as the former. 

8 Thisthough itbe termed degenerate,is a kinde of it felfe,and it differs from the lat deferi- 
bed in that the vemoft leaues are the largeft, and the colour thereof is commonly greene, or grcen¢ 
fomewhat inclining toa purple. £ eat 

é & The Place. 
They are fet and fowne in gardetis for the beautieand variable colours of the floures. 
; G The Time, 
They floure in May,Tune,and Luly. 
q The Names, 

Columbineis called of the later Herbarifts Aquileia, Aquilinaand Aquilecia : Of Gofteus, Pothos OF 
Gofiter,Leontoftomum - of Dale{champius,lous flos : of fome, Herba Leonis,or the herbe wherein the Li- 
on doth delight: in High Dutch, Aglep sin Low Dutch, Aelepen sin French; Amcoiles + in Eng- 
lith,Columbine. $ Fass Columna sudges it to be the /opyrumdeforibed by Drofcorsdes.t 


‘ ; G The Temperature. \ 

Columbines are thought to be temperate betweene heate and moifture. 

@ ThevVertues, \¢ % 

Notwwithftanding what temperature or vertues Columbines haue is not yet fufficiently known; 
for they are vfed efpecially to decke the garderis of the curious, garlands,and houfes.neuertheleffe 
Traguswriteth,that a dram weight of the feed, with halfea feruple.or ten graines of Saffron giuen 
in wine,is a good and effe Quall medicine for the ftopping of the liuer,and the yellow taundife,buc 
faith he,that who fo hath taken it muff be well coueted with cloathes,and then feat, ; 

Mott in thefe daics following others by tradition,dovfe to boile the leaues in milke againft the 
forene fie of the throat, falling and excoriation of the uvula : but the antient writers haue faid no- 
thing hereof: Raeilivs reporteth,that the floures of Columbines are not vfed in medicine: yer fome 
there be that do affirme they are good againft the topping of the liuer,which effec the leaues doe 
alfo performe. 

= Clufius faith, that D*. Francis Rapard a-Phyfition of Bruges in Flanders, told him rlmt the 
feed of this common Columbine very finely beaten ta pouder, and giuen in wine, wasa fingular 

‘Medicine to be given, to women to haften,and facilitate rheir labour,and if the firft taking it were 
not fuificiently effectual! that chen they fhould repeat iragaine. t 


Cuar. 448. Of Wormewood. 


s @ The Defeription, 
I He firft kind being our common anid beft knowne Wormwood, hath Icaues ofa grayilly 
4 colour,very much cut or iagged and very bitter : the’ ftalkes are of a wooddie fubitance, 
tvocubits high,and full of branches alongtt which doe grow little yellowith butions, wherein is 
| found final feed like the feed of Tanfey,but finaller’s the root is likewifeof awooudie fubitanec , 
and firll of fibres. 

2 . The fecond kinde of Wormwood bringeth forth flender ftalkes about a foor high or fome- 
what more,carnithed with leaves like the former, buc whiter, otuch lefferand cut or iagged into 
mott fine and {mal cuts or diuifions : the floures are like the former,hanging vpon final! fenimies 
with their heads downeward : the roots are whitith, forall and many, crawling and.cram! one 

outer anorher,and thetcby infinitely do increafe,of fauour fcfe pleafaar than the comincn Worn 


A 


B 


CG 


1096 ~—«CO tthe Hiftorie of Plants, - Lana. 


. ——___——_—_ —— 


wood, Some haue termed this plant 4b /v bin m fontonre 4m,but tkcy had fie Lder reaicn fo to cole 
ifit was fo called becaufe it was imagined to grcw in the Ficuitce of Samicirge, it * vay “a 
i appeare to the contrarie , forinthe Alpes of Calatia,a counucy ip Ata Cert! BiGhe tf Ne 

j plenty,and therefore may rather be called Galatinm Sardonicim , ard rot a Ese oc leauing 
controuerfies impertinent to the Hi ftory, it is the Fonticke W ormweod of Galens de cription,erd 
fo holden of the learned Paludane(who for his fingular kncwledge in plants is worthy triple Lorer) 
and likewife many others. 


1 Abjinthinm latifolium five Ponsicum., $2 ALfinthism rnuifolivm Ponticem Gales. 
iy Broad ies ormwood, Small Ponticke VVormwocd, 
i } hptimnig te dy mp hic 


NOUR \ Z ‘ ei i fh \N 
FESR). (Z a 
S DAN Re LET PRO 
G The Place: 

This broad leafed Wormewood delighteth to grow on rocks and mountaines, and invntlled 
places ; it groweth much vpon dry bankes, it is common euery where in all countries:the beft faith 
Diofcorides,is found in Pontus, Cappadocia, and on mount Taurus : Pliny writeth that Ponticke 
Wormwood is better than that of Italie: Ovid in thefe words doth declare that Ponticke Worm- 
wood is extreme bitter. bi ; 

Turpia deformes gignunt Abfinthia Campi, 
i Terraque de fruciu,quam fit amaradocet. 


| Vntilled barren ground the lothfome Wormwood yeelds, 
And knowne it’s by the fruit how bitter are the fields. 

And Bellonivs in his firft bookeof Singularities,chap.7 6.doth thew, that there isalfoa broad 
Ieafed Wormwood like ynto ours, growing in the Prouinces of Pontus, and is yfed in Conftanti- 
eae ae nopleby the Phyfitions there, it is likewife found in certain cold places of Switzerland,which by 
} : reafon of the chilneffe ofthe aire rifeth’ not vp,but creepeth ypon the ground,whereupon diners cal 

\ 4 itcreeping VVormwood, 

| : G The Time. 

HAL EE ‘The little flours and feeds are perfected in Inly and Auguft,then may Wormwood be gathered 
Pte ul a and Jaied vp for profitable vfes 


r 3 @ The Names. 
Itis called in Greckeesisu: itis named of Apultins, Abfinthines rufticum, éountrey Wormwood, 
or 


a  Didicbiikeyel Bins 097 


Lis.2 


or pefants Wormewood : wehaue named it Abfinthinm Latifol: ad leafed 
it may differ from the reft: the Interpretors of the Arabians call the better { 
nameth Ponticke Wormwood, Romannm Abjfinthinm,Roman Wormwood: and 
barous Phyfitions of the laterage: the Italians name Wormwood 4/Pn/a - the S 
#i05, 4(Jenfios, mofk ofthem Donzell : the Portingales, Alofna: in high Dutch, gecvoni 
in French, A/wyne : in Englith, common V Vormwood, 

Victor Trincauilla, a fingular Phyfition,in his practife tooke it for Abfuthinm Pomicam, 

2 This iscommonly called Abfinthium Romanum:and in low Dutch AMoomn{c} Y 


ienesby which 
Name itis knowne to very many Phyfitions and Apothecaries,who vie this in ftead of Ponticke 


wormwood:furthermore it hath a leafe and floure far leffe than the other wormwoods:likewife the 

fmell of this is not onely pleafant,but it yeeldeth alfoa fpicie fent,wheras all the reft hanea {trong 

and lothfome fmell : and this Ponticke Wormwood doth differ from that which 2 ofcorides com- . 
mendeth : for Diofcorides is Pontick wormwood is accounted among them of the firft kinde or of 
‘broad leafed wormwood which thing alfo Ga/en affirmeth in his fixt booke of the Faculties of me. 
dicines,in the chapter of Sothernwood, There be three kinds of Wormwood (faith he)w herof they 
‘vieto call one by the general! name,and that is efpecially Pontick:whereby it is manifeft that Ga- 
Jen in this place hath referred Ponticke to no other than tothe firft wormwood ; and therefore ma- 
ny not without caufe maruell,that Gales hath written in his booke of the Method of curing, how 
Pontick wormwood is leffe in floure and leafe ; many excufe him, and lay the faule vpon the cor- 
ruption of the booke,and in his g.booke of Method , the leffer they would haue the longer: there- 
fore this worm:vood with the leffer leafe is not the right Pontick wormewood,neither againe the 
Arabians Romane wormewood,who haue no other Romane than Ponticke ofthe Grecians, Alfo 
many beleeue that this is called Santonicum, but this is not to be fought for in Myfia, Thracia, or 
other countries Eaftward,but in France beyond the Alps, ifwe may beleeue Diofcorides his copies 
there be that would haue it grow not beyond the Alps.of Iraly,but in Galatiaa counttie in A fia, & 
inthe region ofthe Sardines,which is in the lefler Afia,whereupon itwas called in Greeke apse, 
whichwas changed intothe name Satonicum through the errour of the tranflators : Diofe 
copies keep the word Sardoaium, & Galenscopies Santonicumwhich came to pofterity as it {eemeth, 
iscalled in Englifh,Romane Wormewood, garden or Cy pres Wormewood, and French WV orm- 
wood. 


The Temperature. 

W ormewood is of temperature hot and drie,hot in the fecond degtee,and drie in the third:it is 
bitter and clenfing, and likewife hath powerto bindeor ftrengthen, 

@ The Vertues, 

Itis very profitable toa weake ftomacke that is troubled withcholer, for it clenfeth it through A 
his bitterneffe,purgeth by fiegeand vrine : by reafon of the binding qualitie, it ftrengthneth and 
comforteth the flomacke,but helpeth nothing at all to remoue flegme contained inthe ftomacke, 
as Galen addeth. 

Ifitbetaken before a furfeit it keepeth it off, and remoueth lothfomeneffe,faith D/ofZorides,and B 
it helpeth not only before a furfeit, but alfo it quickly refrefheth the ftomack and belly after large 
eating and drinking. 

It is oftentimes a good remedie againft long and lingring agues,efpecially tertians : for it doth. C 
not oncly ftrengthen the ftomacke and make an appetite to meat,but it yeeldeth ftrength to the li- 
Ucr alfo.and riddeth it of ob{tructions or ftoppings, clenfing by vrine naughtie humours, 

Furthermore, WV ormewood isexcellent good for them that vomite bloud from the fpleene, the 
Which hapneth when the {[pleene being ouercharged and filled vp with groffe bloud doth vnburden . * 
it felfe,and then great plenty ofbloud is oftentimes caft vp by vomite. It happeneth likewife that 
flore of blacke and corrupt blond, mixed with excrements paffeth downewards by the floole,and it 
Oftentimes hapneth tharwith violent and large vomiting the ficke man fainteth or fwouneth, or 
When he is reuined doth fall into'a difficult and almoft incureable tympanie, efpecially when the 
difeafe doth often happen;but from thefe dangers WVormewood can deliuer him, if when he is re~ 
frethed after vonite,and his ftrength any way tecouered,he fhall a good whtle vic it, inwhat man- 
ner focuer he himfelfe fhall thinke good, 

Againe, VV ormewood voiderh away thewormes of the guts,not onely taken inwardly, but ap. EB 
Plied outwardly : it withftandeth all putrifactions ; it is good againft a ftinking breath; it keepeth 
garments alfo fromthe Mothes ; it driueth away gnats, the bodie being anointed with the oile 
thereof, 

Likewife it is fingular good in pulteffes and fomentations to binde and todrie, EF 

Befides all this Diofcor:des declareth,that it is good alfo again windineffe and griping pains of G 
the ftomacke and belly with Sefeliand French Spikenard : the decoGioncureth the yellow iaun- , 
dies or the infufion,ifit be drunke thrifea day fometen or twelue {poonfuls ata time. é 

ZLUzZ FE 


i ) 


H 


I 


Lali 


It helpeth them that are ftrangled with eating of Mufhroms,or toad ftools, if it be drunk with 
vineger. ‘ eta F : 4 i : 

And being taken with wine, it is good againft the poifon of Ixia (being avifcous matter pro- 

eeding from the thiftle Chamelion)and of Hemlock,and againft the biting of the fhrew moufe,and 

a the Sea Dragon: itis applied to the {quincie or inflammations ofthe throat with honie and ni- 
ter.and with water to night wheales,and with hony to fwartifh markes that come vpon brufes, 

Tt is applied after the fame manner to dim eies,and to mattering eares. i i 

loachimus Camerarius of Noremberg commendeth it greatly againft ty pase oe ae 
floures of Wormwood, Rofemarie, Sloes,of each a {mall pipe at ) alittle fatfron, boiled in 
wine, the body firft being purged and prepared by the learne hyfition. 


PAG rly wasin the fecond place, was of a fall wormwood, not different fromthe common kinde, butonly inthe {malneffe,and more a- 
+ The figure which forme sane places, and Gener calls ic Abfixthiem commune minus, vel Alpinum :now our Authers defcription was intended for thisy 


rt kK “ito ves on meuntand . “ v rsa : r Be i 
wuntiis eee ‘h Reaice you, for itis the -sb/mthium fantonicum, of fome,as Ruellies and Cefatpinus; and the Galativm Sardonixm of Pena and Lobel, 
whofe figure we hauc »for i 


Cuar. 449. Of Small leafed Wormewood. 


Abjinthium renuifolium te viACiin. Gj The Defiription, 
i ] ewood, 

rps S Mall leafed Wormwood bringeth forth vez 

ry many little branches, flender, a {pan ora 
foot high, full of leaues, leffe by a great deale, 
and tenderer than the former, moft finely and 
nicely minced:the floures like thofe of the for- 
mer, hang vpon the little branches and fprigs = 
the roots are {mall,creeping ouertwhart, from 
whence do rifea great number of yong fprouts: 


Ke this VVormwood alfo is fomewhat white,and 
Ue = no leffe bitter than the broad leafed one, and 
NY aS hath not fo ranke, or fo vnpleafant a fmell, but 
Wea rather delightful. 
rN The Place. 


It grows plentifully in Myfia, Thracia,Hun- 
garie,and Auftria, and in other regions neere 
adioining : itisalfo found in Bohemia, and in 
many vntilled places of Germanie, it is a gar- 
den plant in the low Countries, and in Eng- 
land, 

q The Time. 

Tt bringeth forth floures and feed in Aue 
tumne:a little while after when winter com- 
meth, the herbe withereth away,but the roote 
remaineth aliue, from which leaues and ftalks 
do come againe in the {pring. 

qq The Names. 

$ This Lobel calls Abfinthinm Ponticum 
Tridentinum Herbariorum : Clufius , Abfinhium 
tenuifolium Auftriacuws : T abernamontanus, Abjfin- 
thium Nabathaum Avicenna : wee may callit in 
Englith,{mall leaued Wormwood. + 

| The Temperature. 
_ Small leafed VVormwood is of facultie hot and drie,it is as bitter alfo as the broad leafed one, 
and of like facultie. 
@ The Vertues, 
The faculties are referred nto the common VVormwood, 


Cuap, 


S La 


Sek See Of the Hiftroy of Plants. 1059, 


—— aan 


Cuar. 450. Of Sea Wormewood, 
q The Defiription. 


1 He white or common Sea VVormwood hath many leaues cut and diuided into infinite 
fine iags, like thofe of Sotherhwood, ofa white hoarie colour and ftrong {mell, but nor 
ynpleafant : among which rife vp tough hoarie ftalks fer with the like leauesjon the top wherofdo 
grow fmal yellowifh floures : the root is tough,and ereepeth far abroad,by means whereof it great- 
ly increafeth. 


2 Abfinthium marinum repens. 
Creeping Sea VVormwood; 


x Abfiat hium marinum album 


VWVhite Sea VVormwood. 


Ba 4: a mart TAA OY 


fo Sale. 


2 Thebroad leafed Sea VVormwood hath very many foft leaues,grow ing clofe by the ground, 
ofa darke fwart colour,nothing fo finely cut or iagged as the other ofhis kinde : the floures grow 
vpon the teps of the ftalks,ofa yellowifh colour: the root is tough and creeping. + This hath ma- 
ny weake flender branches commonly two foor long at theirful growth,red of colout,and creeping 
ypon the ground : the leaues are {mall, narrow, long and iagged, or parted towards theirends into 
fundry parcels : they are greene aboue,and grayifh vnderneath : the toppes of the branches are fet 
with many little ftalkes, {ome inch long: which vpon fhort foot-ftalkes comming out ofthe bo- 
fomes of little longith narrow leaues carry {mall round knops,like as in other plants of this kind : 
the tafte is a little bitterifh,and the fmell not vnpleafant : this growes with M’. Parkinfon and o- 
thers,and(as I remember) it was firft fent ouer from the Ifleof Rees by M*. Ioha Tradefcant. Lobel 
in his Obferuations mentions itby the name of Abjiath Poaticum fupinum Herbariorum, and T abera: 
fetsit forth by the title of 4bfimthinm repens + 

q The Place. 

ThfeV Vormwoods do grow vpon the raifed grounds in the fale marfhes neere vnto the fea, in 
moft places of EnglanJ,which being broughe into gardens doth there flourifh as in his natural) 
place,and retaineth his {mell,tafte,and naturall qualitie,as hathbeene often proued. ¢ I haue not 

ZLLLzZ 2 neard 


if 


i 
i 
‘ 
Ag: 
nt 


Fon See Alma 


Se. Agee ere BU 


Sas 


ao fa aa 


A oy th Fitna. 


ne nee ———— 


‘JI0o Of the Hiftory of Plants, Ee Be 


Thefe bring forth floures and feeds when the other Wormwoods doe. + The later {earce feedes 


GQ The Names. 
Sea V Vormwood is called in Greeke es sundenor: in Latine, UdS(inthinm marinum, and likewife 
Seriphium : in Dutch, See Alfene: of divers, S antonicum, as witneffeth Diofcorides : neuertheleffe 
there is another Santonicnm differing from fea VVormwood: in Englith of fome women of the 
countrey, Garden Cypreffe, 
| The Temperature. 
Sea V Vormwood is of nature hot and drie,but not fo muchas the common, 
@ The Vertues. 
A Diofcorides affirmeth,that being taken of it felfe,or boiled with Riee,and eaten with hony, it kil- 
leth the fmal! wormes of the guts,and gently loofeth the belly the which Pliny doth alfo afirme. 
B The iuice of fea VVormwood drunke with wine refifteth poifon, efpecially the poifon of Hem-, 
lockes. 
C The leaues ftamped with figs, falt-peter,and the meale of Darnel,and applied to the belly, fides, 
or flankes,help the dropfie,and fuch as are {pleenticke, 
Ds Thefameis fingular againft all inflammations, and heat of the ftomaeke and liuer, exceeding 
all the kindes of VVormwood for the fame purpofes chat common VVormwood ferueth, 
E tis reported by fuch as dwell neere the fea fide, that the cattell which do feed where it grow-= 


eth become fat and lufty very quickly. 


-F Theherbewith his ftalks laid inche fts,preffes,and ward-robes,keepeth clothes from moths and 


other vermine. 


Cuar. 451 Of Holy Wormewood, 


Sementina. q The Defiription. 
Holie V Vormewood, 

His Wormwood called Sementina, and Se 

men fanitumwhichwe have Englifhed,Holy, 
is that kinde of Wormwood which beareth that 
feed which we haue invie, called VVormefeed : 
‘in fhops, Semen Santolinum : about which there 
hath been great controuerfie among ft writers: 
fome holding that the feed of Santonicum Galati- 
wm tobe the true VVormited : others deeming 
itto be that of Romanum Abjinthium : it doth 
much refemble the firft of the fea VYVormwoods 
in fhape and proportion : it rifeth vp with a 
wooddie ftalke,of the height of a cubite, diui- 
ded into diuers branches and wings; whereupon 
are fet very {mall leaues :among which are pla- 
ced clufters of feeds in fuch abundance, that ta 
the firft view it feemeth to bea plant confifting 
all of feed. 

@ The Place, 

It is a forreine plant :the feeds being fowne in 
the gardens of hot regions doe profper well; in: 
thefe cold countries it will not grow atall.Ne- 
uertheles there is one or two companions about 
London,who haue reported vnto mee that they 
had great ftore of it growing in their gardens 
yearely which they foldata great price vntoour 
London Apothecaries,and gained much money_ 
thereby ; one of the men dwelleth by the Bagge 
and Bottle neere London, whofe name is Corne- 

ht to fee the thing that I would not beleeue ; for being on 
to 


>, Ai ff ; = ‘ 
OSFEFADS 


wak , into whofe garden I was bro 


Litas Of the Hiftorie of Plants. oe a 


told that there it did grow, I ftill perfifted it was not true : but when I did behold this grear quan- 
titic of VVormwood,it was nothing elfe but common Ameos. How many Apothecaries haue been 
deceitieds-how many they haue robbed of their money,aud how many children hatie been nothing 
the better for taking it,I refer it to the indgement of the fimpleft,confidering their owne report,to 
haue fold many hundreth pounds weight of it;the more to their fhame be it {poken, and the leffe 
witor skill in the Apothecaries : therefore haue I fet downe this as a caueat vnto thofe that buy 
of thefe feeds, firft to tafte and trie the fame before they giue it to their children, or commit it t4 
any other vfe. + Certainely our Author was either mifinformed,or the people of thefe times were 
very fimple, for I dare boldly fay there is hot any Apothecary,or fearce any other fo fimple as to be 
thus deceiued now. ¢ 
5 ‘ @ The Time. 

It floureth and bringeth forth his feed in Iuly and Auguft. 

The Names. 

The French men call ic Barbotine , the Italians, Semep Xena : whereupon alfo the Latine name 
Sementina Came : the feed is called euery where Semea fanttum + Holy-{eed ;and Semen contra Lam. 
bricos: in Engtifh,V Vormilecd; the herb it felfe is alfo called V Vormiced,or wormfeed-wort:fome 
nameit Semen Zedoarie, Lcdoaric feede, becaufe it hath a {mell fomewhat refembling that of Ze- 
doarie. 

@ The Temperature, 

The feed is very bitter,and for that caufe of nature hot and drie, 

g The Kertues. ; 

It is good againft wormes of the belly and entrailes, taken any way,and better alfo if alittle 4 
Rubarbe bee mixed withall, for fo the wormesare not onely killed, but likewife they are driuen 
downe by the fiege, which thing muft alwaies be regarded. 

The feed mixed witha little Aloe faccotrina, and brought to the forme of a plaifter; and ap plied B 


to the nauell of a childe doth the like. 


Cuar, 452. Offorreine and Baftard Wormewoods. 


3 Abfinthium album, 2 Abjinthium Agyptinm, 
VVhite wormwood. VVormwogd of Agypt. 


Zend j 7H 


Lis.2. 


1102 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


q The Defcription, 

I Bfinthium album hath ftraight and vpright ftalkes, afoot high, befet with broad 
leaues,but very deeply cut orclouen,in fhewlike vnto thofe of the great Daify,but 
white of colour : at the top of the ftalkes, out of {caly heads, as inan vmbell grow 

floures,compa& of fix {mall white Icaues : the root is long,with {ome fibres annexed vnto it, 

2 Thiskindeof Wormwood Ge(wer and that learned Apothecarie Valerandus Denraz, called” 
Abfiathium Eeyptium: the leaues of this plant are very like to the leaues of T: richomanes, which is 
ourcommon Maiden haire, of a white colour, euery {mall leafe ftanding one Oppofite againft a- 
nother, and ofa ftrong fauour. : 

3 This VVormwood,which Dodonens calleth Abjinthium inodorum,and Infipidum, is very like 
vnto the fea VVormwood,in his {mall and tender leaues: the ftalkebeareth flowers alfo like vato 
the forefaid Sea-VVormwood,but it is ofa fad or deep colour, hauing neither bitter tafte, nor any 
fauour at all;whereupon it was called,and that very fitly, Abfinthium inodorum,or A bfinthinm infipi- 
dum : in Englith,foolith,or vnfauory wormwood. + Dodoneus faith not that his Abfiathinm infipi- 
dum is like the fea wormwood,but that it is very like our common broad leaned VVormwood , and 


fo indced it is, and that fo like, that it is hard to be difcerned therefrom, but onely by thewant of 
bitterneffe and fmell. $ 


3 Abjinthiwms inodorum, 4 Abjinthinm marinum, Abrotani famine facie. 
Vafauorie VY Vormwood, Small Lauander Cotton, 


4 ‘This kindeof Sea-wormwood is a fhrubby and wooddie plant, in face and fhew like to 
Lauander Cotton,ofa ftrong fmel;hauing floures like thofe of the common wormwood.at the firft 
fhew like thofe of Lauander Cotton:the root is tough and wooddie. 

@ The Place, 

Thefe plants are ftrangers in England,yet we haue a few of them in Herbarifts gardens. 

‘ q The Time, 

The time of their flouring and feeding is teferred to the other wormwoods. 

q The Names. 

The whitewormwood Conradus Gefnerws nameth Seriphinm feminagnd faith, that itis common- 
ly called Herba alba, or white herbe ; another had rather name it Santonicum ; for as Diofcorides 
faith , Samtonicum is found in France beyond the Alpes, and beareth his name of the fame 
country 


Lis. 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 1103 
countrey where it groweth : but that part of Swifferland which belongeth to France isaccounted 
ofthe Romans.to be beyond the ae ; and the prouince of Santon is far from it : for this isa part 
of Guines, fcituate vpon the coaft of the Ocean, beneath the floud Gerond Northward: therefore \ 
Santon Wormwood, if it haue his name from the Santons, groweth fatte'from the Al ps’: bur iPre ? 
grow neere adioyning to the Alps, then hath it not his name from the Santons, 

The Temperature and V ertues. 

White Wormwood is hot and fomewhar dry. 

Vnfauorie Wormwood,as it is without {mell and tafte, fo is it fcarfe of any hot qualitie,much A 
Jeffe hath itany fcouring facultie. Thefe are not vfed in phyficke where the others may be had, 
being as it were wilde or degenerate kindes of Wormwood ; fome of them participating both of 
the forme and {mell ofother plants. 


} The figure which was here formerly in the firlt place, bythe mame of Abjisthiam arborefeens, is the firlt of the nexe chapter faue one,where you may fee more 
thereof. The whice Wormwood mentioned here in the Names, bue no where elic in tae Chapter, is either the fame with, or one very like our Sea Wormewood. 
Ler fuch as aré curioustooks into Camerarivs his Hort, Med-in the title of -Abfinshiam Santonicum : and in Dodenaxe, Pempts1- lib 2-cap.§- whexe the firtt defcription 
is of this Wormewood, 


a 


Cuae. 453. OfeMugwort. 
I CArtemifia,mater Herbarum, : a The Defiription. 
an Common iugwort. 

j dr aight a ¥ He firft kinde of Mug-wort hath 
: SHA broad leaues, very much cut or 
clouen like the leaues ofcommon 
Wormewood,but larger,of a darke greene co- 
Jour aboue, and hoarie vnderneath : the ftalkes 
are long and ftraight, and full of branches, 
whereon do grow {mall round buttons, which 
are the floures, fmelling like Marierome when 
they wax ripe: the root is great,and ofa wood- 

die fubftance. ; 

2 The fecond kinde of Mugwort hath a 
great thicke and wooddy root, from whence 
arife f{undry branches ofa reddith colour , be- 
fet full offmall and fine iagged leaues , verie 
like ynto fea Sothernwood : the feed groweth 
alongft the {mall twiggy branches, like vnto 
little berries, which fal] not from their bran- 
ches ina long timeafter they beripe. + I 
know not how this differeth from the former, 
but only in the colour of the ftalk and floures, 
whichare red or purplifh ; whereas the former 
is more whitith. + 

3 Thereis alfoanother Mugwort, which 
hath many branches rifing from a wooddie 
root, ftanding vpright in diftances one from 
another, ofanafhiecolour, befet with leaues 
not much vnlike fea Purflane ; about the lower 
part of the ftalkes, and toward the top of the 
branches they are narrower and leffer, and cut 
with great and deepe iagges, thicke in fub- 
ftance, and of awhitifh colour, as.all the reft 
ofthe plant is : it yeeldetha pleafant fmell like Abrotanums marinum, and intafte is fomewhat fal- 
tifh : the floures are many, and yellow : which being vaded, there followeth moffie feed like vnto 
that ofthe common Wormwood, + The leaues of this plant are of two forts ; for fome of them 
are long and narrow, like thofe of Lauander (whence Clu/ius hath called it CArtemifia folio Lanen- 
dule) other fomeare cut in or diuided almoft to the middle rib ; as you may fee it expreft apart in 
a figureby it felfe, which fhewes both the whole, as alfo the diuided leaues, 


q The 


ne ee 
1104 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, L-in.2. 


—— 


3 Artemifiamarina, £ Artemifia marine ramulus, folia integra dif- 
Sea Mugwort. [e@acxprimens, 
Arlanitin connlgand A branch fhewing the cut and vneut leaucs. 


: TG qq The Place. 
‘The common Mugwort groweth wilde in fundry places about the borders of fields, about high | 
waies, brooke fides, and fuch like places. 
Sea Mugwort groweth about Rie and Winchelfea caftle,and at Portfmouth by the Ifle of 
wt Wight. 
@] The Time. 
They floure in Iuly and Augutt. 
G The Names. 
Muewort is called in Greeke ‘apna : and alfo in Latine Artemifia,which name it had of Udrte- 
| mifia Queene of Halicarnaflus, and wife ofnoble Manfolus King, of Caria, who adopted it for her 
owne herbe: before that it was called nysi, Parthenis, as Pliny w riteth. Apuleius affirmeth that it x 
was likewife called Parthen‘on ; who hath very many names for it,and many of them are placed in 
} Diofcorides among the baftard names : moft of thefe agree with the tight Artemifia, and diners of 
them with other berbes, which now and then are numbred among the Mugworts:it is alfo called 
| Mater Herbarum : in high-Dutch, etfufs, and Sant Johanus Gurtell : in Spanith and Italian, 
Artemifia: in French, Avmoifa : in low-Dutch, Bijuoet, Sint Jans krupt s in Engli~h,Mugworr, 
i and common Mugwort, 
| 


§| The Temperature. 
Mugwortis horand dry inthe fecond degree, and fomewhat aftringent. 
i @ The Kertues. 

Pliny faith that Mugwort doth propertly cure womens difeafes. 

Dioftorids writeth, that it bringeth downe the termes, the birth, and the after-birth. 

And that in like manner it helpeth the mother, and the paine of the matrix, ro be boyled as 
bathes for women to fit in; and that being put vp with myrrh, it is of like force that the bath is of. 
And that the tender tops are boiled and drunk for the fame infirmities ; and that they are applied 
in manner ofa pulte (fe to the fhare, to bring downe the monethly courfe. 

Patt D Pliny faith, that the traueller orwayfaring man that hath the herbe tied about him feeleth no 
wearifomneffe.ar all; and that he who hath it about him can be burt by no poy{fonfome medicines, 


nor by any wilde beaft,neither yet by the Sun it felfe ; and alfo that itis drunke againft ter 
the 


On > 


a ate ep ae 
ee ne ee 


on OF ‘the Hiftory of Plants: s I tog 


Lis.2, 


the iuyce of blacke Poppy. Many other fantafticall deuices inuented by Poets are tobe feene in 
the Works of theantient Writers, tending ro witchcraft and forcerie, and the great difhonour of 
God ; wherefore I do of purpofe omit them, as things vnworthie of my recording, or your review- 


ing. 


Mugwort pound with oyle of fiveet almonds, and Jaid to the ftomacke as a laifter,cureth all & 
g f y p 3 E 


the paines and griefes of the fame. 


Ir cureth the fhakings of the ioynts,inclining to the palfie,and helpeth the contraétion or draw- 


ing together of the nerues and finewes. 


tT herewere formerly wo deferiptions of the Artemifia marina ; wherefore T omitted the former, being the more ynperfet. 


Cuar. 454. Of Sothernwood. 
@ The Kindes. 


Tofcorides affirmeth that Sothernwood is of two kindes, the female and the male , which are 
cuery where knowne by the names of the greater and of the lefler : befides the(e there is a 


third kinde, which is of a fweeter {mell, and leffer than the others, and alfo others of a ba- We, 


ftard kinde. 
¢ 
t 1 Abrotanum femina arbore{cens, 2. Abrotanum mes. 
Female Sothernwood., Male Sothernwood. 


G The Defcription, ‘ 

x He greater Sothernwood by carefull manuring doth oftentimes grow vp in manner of a 

fhrub, and commeth to be as high as a man, bringing forth ftalkes an inch thicke, or 

More ; out of which {pring very many {prigs ot branches, fet about with leaues diuerfly iagged 

and finely indented, fomewhat white, and ofa certaine ftrong {mell : in ftead of floures, little {mal 

clufters of buttons do hang on the {prigs, from the middle tothe very top, Of colour yellow,and at 
the length turne into feed, The root hath diuers ftrings, 


4 2 The 


oa a 


4106 Of the Hiftorie of Planis. Gy oh Sig 


3 Rh 3 hatele. 4 Abrotanum inodorum. 
Dwarfe Sothernwood, Vufauorie Sothernwood, 


BIE ERS 


”, 


— 
a 


SFE 


Z BX <0 : 
——— 


SiSZ 


Hit 
i ' 5 Abrotanum campeftre. | 
, )_., . Wilde Sothernwood. 
{ % A Nag tate Carey 

a ie 2 The leffer Sorhernwood groweth low, ful 
of little fprigs of awoody fubftance: the leaues | 

‘+ are long, and fmaller than thofe of the former, 

of 


not fowhite : it beareth cluftering buttons ypon. | 
the tops of the flalks : the root is made of many 
ftrings. 

3 Thethird kinde is alfo fhorter: the leaues 
hereof are iagged and deeply cut after the maner 
of the greater Sothernwood, but they arenor {6 , 
white, yet more {weet,wherein they are like vnto 
Lauander cotton, This kinde is very full of feeds | 
the buttons ftand alongft on the fprigs, euen to | 
the very top, and be ofa glittering yellow. The | 
root is like to the reft. 

4 Thevn{auorie Sothernwood groweth flat 

| 


vpon the ground, with broad leaues deepely cut | 
or iagged in the edges like thofe ofthe common | 
Mugwort : among which rife vp weake and fee- | 
ble ftalkes trailing likewife vpon the ground, fet 
confufedly here and there with the like leaues 
that grow next the ground, ofa grayith orhoary | 
colour, altogether without fmell. The floures : 
grow alongft the ftalkes, ofa yellowifhcolour, . 
{malland chaftie: the root is tough and wooddy, 
with fome ftrings anexed thereto. 

. 5. This wilde Sothernwood hath a great | 
long thicke root, tough and wooddy, couered 
ouer | 


P Lgs.2. Of the Hiftroy of Plaats. i107 
ouer with a fealy barke like the {caly backe of an adder, and of the fame colour: from wh ich tite 
very many leaues like thofe of Fennell, ofan ouerworne greene colour: among which grow fmall 
twiggy branches on the tops, and along{t the ftalkes do grow fmall cluitering floures of a yellow 
colour : thewhole plantis.ofadarke colour,as well leaues as ftalkes, and of a {trong ynfuourie 
{mell. S 


@| The Place. 

Theophraftus faith that Sothernwood delighteth to grow in places open to the Sun: Din/Zorides 
affirmeth that it groweth in Cappadocia, and Galatiaa countrey in Afia, and ig Hierapolis a city 
in Syria: itis planted in gardens almoft euery where:that of Sicilia and Galatia is moft commen- 
ded of Pliny. f 

@ The Time. 

The buttons of Sothernwood do flourith and be intheir prime in Auguft, and now and then in 
September. 

y The Names. 

It is called in Grecke ‘A4em : the Latines and Apothecaries keepe the fame name Abrotanum : 
the Italians and diuers Spaniards call it Abrotano : and other Spaniards, erva lombriguera : inhigh 
Dutch, Stabwourts + in low-Dutch,Auevoone,and Ayercruyjt : the French, 4vvone,and Ausroefme: 
the Englifh men, Sothernwood: it hath diuers baftard names in Dioféorides the greater kinde is 
Diofcorides his Femina, or female Sothernwood ; and Pliny his Montanwm,or mountaine Sotherne- 
wood : the mountaine Sothernwood we take for the female, and the champion for the male. There 
be notwithftanding fome that take Lauander Cotton to be the female Sothernwood , grounding 
thereupon, becanfe it bringeth forth yellow floures in the top of the f{prigs like clufter buttons: 
but ifthey had more diligently pondered Déofcorides his words, they would not haue been of this 
opinion : the leffer Sothernwood is Mas, the male, and is alfo Plinies champion Sothernwood ; in 
Latine,Campeftre. The third, as we haue faid, is likewife the female, and is commonly called fweet 
Sothernwood, becaufe it is ofa fweeter fent than the reft, Déofcorides feemeth to call this kind $/- 


¢culum, Sicilian Sothernwood. 


The Temperature. 

Sothernwood is hot and dry in the end 6fthe third degree : it hath alfo force to diitribute and 
tO rarifie. 

The Vertues. 

The tops, floures, or feed boyled, and ftamped raw with water and drunke, helpeth them that 
cannot take their breaths without holding their neckes ftraight vp and is a remedie for the cramp, 
and for finewes fhrunke and drawne together ; for the fciatica alfo, and for them that can hardly 
make water ; and it is good to bring downe the termes, 

Itkilleth wormes, and driueth them out: if it be drunkewith wine it isa remedic againft dead- 
ly poyfons. 

Alfo it helpeth againft the ftinging of feorpions and field {piders, but it hurts the ftomacke. 

Stamped and mixed with oyle it taketh away the fhiuering cold thatcommeth by the ague fits, 
and it heateth the body if it be anointed therewith before the fits do come. 

Ifit be pouned with barley mealeand laid to puthes it taketh them away. 

It is good for inflammations of the eyes,with the pulpe of a rofted Quince,or with crummes of 
bread, and applied pultis wife. 

_ The athes of burnt Sotherawood,with fome kinde of oyle that is of thin parts,as of Palma Chri- 
fii, Radith oyle, oyle of feet Marierome,or Organie,cureth the pilling ofthe haire off the head, 
and maketh the beard to grow quickly : being ftrewed about the bed, ora fume made of it vpon 
hot embers, it driueth away ferpents : ifbuta branch be layd vnder the beds head they fay it pro- 
uoketh venerie. 

The feed of Sorhernwood made into pouder, or boyled inwine and drunke,is good againft the 
difficultic and opping of vrine , it expelleth,wafteth, confumeth, and digefteth all cold humors, 
touch flime and flegme, which do vfually ftop the fpleene, kidneyes, and bladder. 

Sothernwood drunke inwine is good againft all venome and poyfon. 

The leaues of Sothernwood boyled inwater vntill they be foft,and ftamped with barley meale 
and barrowes greafe vnto the forme of a plaifter, diffolue and wafte all cold tumors and fellings, 
being applied or laid thereto, 


£ Dodonans, being the very firlt in his Pemptades. The figure which our An- 
i¢ : Now the figure thathec fhould haue put here was put two 
aue thoughtit fier to putic here, becaufe here was the berter 


+ The defcription here in the firlt placeis that of the Abrotanum foemina arbore[cens 0 
thor put thereto was of the Lanander Corton, which fhould hauc beene in the next chapter fae on 
chapters before, by the name of 4bfinthium arbore(cens, by which name Lobel alfo calls it : but Th, 
defeription, and thevplant is the bertex referred to this kinde, 


Crap, 


{) 


anes ae 


it a ttn 


Of the Hiftory of Plants: i snake 


Cuar, 455- 
Of Oke of Ferufalem, and Oke of Cappadocia, 


I Botrys, 2 Ambrofia, : 
Oke of fate Oke of Cappadocia, 


a 


@ The Deéfiription. 


I Ke of Ierufalem, or Botrys, hath fundry {mall ftems a foot and a halfe hi 
themfelues into many {mall branches,befet with {mall lea 
very much refembling the leafe ofan Oke,which hath cau 

call it Oke of Ierufalem ; the vpper fide of the leafe is of 


hairy, but vnderneath it is of a darke reddith or purple colour: the feedie floures grow cluftering 
about the branches, like the yong clufters or blowings of the Vine: the root is fmalland threddy: 
the whole herbe is ofa pleafant {mel and fauour, and of a feint yellowifh colour, and the whole 
plant dieth when the feed is ripe. 

2 The fragrant fimell that this kind of Ambrofia or Oke of Cappadocia yeeldeth, hath moued 
the Poets to fuppofe that this herbe was meate and food for the gods : Diofcorides faith it growerh 
three handfuls high: in my garden it groweth to the height of two cubits, yeelding many weake 
crooked and ftreaked branches, diuiding themfelues into fundrie other fmall branches, hauing 
from the middeft to the top thereof many moffie yellowith floures not much vnlike common 
Wormwood, ftanding one before another in good order; and the whole plant is as it were couered 


Ouer with bran ora mealy duft : the floures do change into fmal] prickly cornered buttons, much 
like vnto Tribslis tery eftris ; wherein is contained blacke round feed, not vnpleafant in tafte and 
{mell : the leaues are in thape like the leaues of Mugwort, but thinner and more tender: all the 
whole plant is hoary 


it is >and yeeldetha pleafant fauor ; the whole plant perifhed with mear the firt 
approch of Winter, ; 


@ ‘The Place, 
Thefe plants are brought vnto vs from beyond the feas, efpecia 


ay The Time. 
tsand the feed is ripe in September, 


gh, diuiding 


fed our Englith women to 
a deepe greene, and fomewhat rough and 


lly from Spaine and Italy. 
They floure in Augut 


q The 


ues deeply cut or iagged, «| 


Lip... Of the Hiftroy of Plants, tog 


-  @ The Names. 

Oke of Jerufalgm is called in Greeke aimee : in Latine Botrys > In Italian, Botrd : in S panith,3B7en 
granada : inhigh-Dutch, (raubenkraut, and rottenkraut 3 in French and low-Dutch,Pyment : 
in Englith, Oke of Ierufalem ; and of (ome, Oke of Paradife. 

Oke of Cappadocia is called in Greeke ‘anoze: in Latine, dmbrofia ; neither hath it any other 
knowne name. Pliny faith that Ambrofia is a wandering name, and is giuen vnto other herbes: for 
Botrys (Oke of Ierufalem, as we haue written) is of diuers alfo called Ambrofia: In Englifh it is 
called Oke of Cappadocia. 

| & The Temperature. 

Thefe plants are hot and dry in the fecond degree, and confift of fubtill parts. 

@ The Vertues, 

Thefe plants be good tobe boyled in wine, and miniftred vnto fuch as haue their brefts top, 
and are fhort winded, and cannot eafily draw their breath, for they cut and wafte groffe humours 
and tough flegme. The leaues are of the fame force ; being made vp with fugar they commonly 
cal] ita conferue. 

Irgiueth a pleafant tafte to fleth that is fodden with it, and eaten with the broth. 

Itis dried and Jayd among garments, not onely to make them fmell fiveet, but alo to preferue 
them from moths and other vermine ; which thing it doth alfo performe. 


‘There were formerly two more deferiptions in this chapter, bothwhich qwveremade by looking vpon the figuresin Labels Tcons 3 the former being of his Ambros 
fiappontanca firigofior, whichisnothing elfe bur the (oronopws Ruchit, or Swines Crefies. The later was of his edmbrofia tenuifolic, which our Author in the lalt chap, 
ter fet forth by the name of Abrotanum campeltr ee > 


Cuari 456. Of Lanander Cotton, 


+ Chamecypariffis. @| The Defcription. 
Lauainder Cotton, 


Auander Cotton bringeth forth cluftred 

buttons of a golden colour,and of a feet 

{mell, and is often vfedin garlands , and 
decking vp of gardens and Paates It hath a 
wooddy: ftocke, out of which grow forth 
branches like little boughes, flender,very ma- 
ny, a cubit long; fet about with little leaues; 
long,narrow,purled,or crumpled ; on the tops 
ofthe branches ftand vp floures, one alone on 
euery branch, made vp with fhort threds 
thruft clofe together, like to the floures of 
Tanfie, and to the middle buttons of the 
floures of Cammomill, but yet fomething: 
broader, of colour yellow, which be chang ed 
into feed ofan ob{cure colour. The root is of 
a wooddy fubftance. The fhrub it felfe is 


ftrong fiveet fmell. ‘ ; 
There are fome varieties of this plant,’ 
which Matthiolus,Lobel,and others refer to b- 
rotanum femina,and fo call it,and by the fame 
name our Authour gaue the figure thereof im 
the laft chapter faue one, though the defcrip- 
tion did not belong thereto, as I haue former- 
ly noted. Another fort thereof our Authour, 
following Tabernamontanus and Lobcl,fer forth 
a little before by the name of Abjinthium mari- 
aum Abrotani famine facie,that Dodoneus calls 
Santolivaprima, and this here figured,S antoling 
altera.. Healfo mentioneth three other diffe, 
43 ie rences thereof, which chiefely confift in the 
leaues ; for his third hath very fhort and {mall leauies like thofe of Heath 3 whence Bavhine calls it: 
Abyotanum femina foljs Ericé. The fourth hath the leaues leffe tooth¢edand more Jike to Cypreffe,’ 
P Aaa ee hence 


white both in branches and leaues, and hatha, 


iO 


———— 


ee 
1110 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis.2. 


Lauander Cotton groweth in gardens almoft cuery where. 
G| The Time, 

They floure in Iuly and Auguit. 
q The Names. 

They are called by one name Santelina, or Lauander Cotton : of moft,Chamecypari([us.But Pliny 
concerning Chamacypari/jus is 10 fhort and briefe,that by him their gpinions can neitherbe reie- 
ted nor receiued. : 

They are doubtleffe much deceiued that would haue Lauander Cotton to be Abrotanum fami. 
na, or the female Sothernwood : and likewife they are in the wrong who take it to be Seriphinm,fea 
Wormewood; and they who firft fer it abroch tobea kinde of Sothernwood we leaue to their er- 

“ rors; becaufe it is not abfolutely to be referred to one, but a plant participating of VVormewood 
and Sothernwood. 1 
[| The Temperature. 
The feed of Lauander Cotton hath a bitter tafte,being hot and dry in the third degree. 
The Vertues. : 
Pliny faith, That the herbe Chamacypari{[us being drunke in wine is a good medicine againft the 
oyfons ofall ferpents and venomous beatts. 
B It killeth wormes either giuen greene or dry,and the feed hath the fame vertue again{t wormes, 
but auoiderh them with greater force. It is thought to be equall with the vfuall worme-feed, 


4 The figure which formerly wasin this place was of a Kinde of Moffe, which Tragus fet forth by thename of Stuing {jluefira Turner and Taberasmontanie cale 
led it Chamecypariffis. See more thercofin the Moffes. 7 


Cuar.457. Of Sperage, or ef paragus. 


if ? . 
fig ( I cA paragus fativus . 2 Afparagus petraus. 
Garden Sperage. Stone or mountaine Sperage« 


OLS pore 


Sty 


lee oY ewmnraers 


; 


Lips 2. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 908) 


@| The Defiription, 


i pe firft being the manured or garden Sperage, hath at his.,Airft rifing out of the ground 
thicke tender fhoots very {oft and brittle, of the thickepeffe of the greatett fwans quil, 
in tafte like vnto the greene beane,hauing at the top a certaine fcalMOft bud, which in time srow- 
eth toa branch of the height of two cubits, diuided into diuers other fmaller-branches, whereon 
are fet many little leaucs like haires, more fine than the leaues of Dill: among which come forth 
{mall moffie yellowith floures, which yeeld forth the fruit, greene at the firft,afterward red as Co- 
tall,of thebigneffe of a fmall peafe; wherein is contained groffe blackith feed exceeding hard, 
which is the caufe that it lieth fo long in the ground after the fowing, before itdo {pring vp. The 
roots are many thicke foft and {pongie ftrings hanging downe from one head, and {pred them- 
elues all about, whereby it greatly increafeth. : 
2 We haue inour marith and low grounds neerevnto the fea, a Sperage of this kinde, which _ 
difereth a lietle from that of the garden, and yet in kinde there is no difference atall, but only in 
manuring, by which all things or moft things are made more beautifull,and larger. This may be 
called 4(paragus palufiris, marith Sperage. 


4 Afparagus (ylucftris aculeatus. 5 Aparagus (ylucftris Spinggfius Clufij. 
Wilde prickly Sperage, Wilde thornie Sperage. 
YP yropers Retae 


3 Stone ormountaine Sperage is one of the wilde ones, fet forth vnder the title of Corruda? 
which Zobel calleth Ajparagus petraus ,and Galen, Myacanthinus, that doth very well refemble thofe 
ofthe garden, in ftalkes, roots, and branches; fauing that thofe fine hairy leaues which are in the 
garden Sperage be foft, blunt, and tender ,and in this wilde Sperage, fharpe hard and pricking 


thornes though they be {malland flender : the root hereof is round, of the bigneffe of a peafe, and 
ofa blackecoloti®® the roots are long, thicke, fat,and very many. : 
4. This fourth kinde differeth from the laft defcribed, being a wilde Sperage of Spaine and 
Hungarie: the plant is altogether {et with fharpe thornes (three or foure comming forth roge- 
ther) as are the branches of Whinnes, Gofe, or Furfen : the fruit is blacke When it is ripe, and full 
ofa greenith pulpe, wherein lie hard and blacke feeds, fometimes one, otherwhiles two in a berry: 
the roots aré like the others, but greater and tougher. 
} Aaaaa a 5 Carolus 


a pa 
SS eee 


“a uly 
yer ss ee) 
ii 
‘ 
' die 
n 4 
oe 
¥ 
4 
3 it 
Cort 


i 
4 
t 


i lee ees 


1112 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L-tar2. 
$e Drypis, 5 Carolus Clufius aeicriberiatios cerca 
Sperage Thiftle, wilde Sperage with fharp prickles allalongft 


the ftalkes,orderly placed at euery ioyne one, 
hard, ftiffe, and whitith, the points of the 
thornes pointing downward : from the which 
ioynts alfo doe grow outa few long greene 
Jeaues faftned together, as alfoa little yellow 
floure, and one berry three cornered, and of a 
blacke colour,wherein is contained one black 
feed, feldome more: the roots are like the 
other, 

6 Drypis being likewifea kinde hereof, 
hath long and fmal! roots , creeping in the 
ground like Couch graffe; from which fpring 
vp branches a cubit high,ful of knotty ioints: 
the leaues are {mall like vnto Iuniper, not 
much differing from Corruda or Nepa : the 
floures grow at the top of the ftalke in {pokie 
tufts or rundles, of a white colour, clofely 
thruft together : the feed before it bee taken 
out of the huske is likévnto Rice , being ta- 
ken out, like that of Melilot, of afaffron co- 
lour. 


@ The Place. 

The firft being our garden Afparagus 
groweth wild in Effex, ina medow adioining 
toa mill, beyond a village called Thorp ; and 
alfoat Singleton not far from Carbie,and in 
the medows neere Moulton in Lincolnfhire. 
Likewife it groweth in great plentieneere vnto Harwich, ata place called Bandamar lading , and 
at North Moulton in Holland, a part of Lincolnfhire. 

The wilde Sperages grow in Portugal and Bifcay among ftones,one of the which Petrus Belloni= 
us doth make mention to.grow in Candie, in his firft booke of Singularities, cap.18. 

q The Time. 

The bare naked tender fhoots of S$ perage {pring vp in Aprill,atwhat time they ate eaten in (al. 

lads ; they floure in June and July ; the fruit is ripe in September. 
The Names. 

The garden Sperage is called in Grecke“aaexs : in Latine likewife A/paragus : in fhops, Spara- 
gus, and Speragus : in high-Dutch, Sparget s in low-Dutch, Btparges, and Cozaleruijt; that is 
to fay, Herba Coralli, or Cora]|-wort, of the red berries, which beare the colour of Corall: in Spa- 
nifh, Afparragos : in Italian, 4/parago : in Englith, Sperage, and likewife A fparagus, after the La- 
tine name :in French, Ajperges. It is named Ajparagus of the excellencie, becaufe afparagi, orthe 
{prings hereof are preferred before thofe of other plants whatfoeuer ; for this Latine word Afpara- 
gus doth properly fignifie the firft {pring or fprout of euerie plant, efpecially when it is tender,and 
before it do grow intoa hard ftalke,as are the buds,tendrels,or yong {prings of wild Vine or hops, 
nnd fuch like. 

Wilde Sperage is properly called in Grecke mvax#5#, which is as much to fay as Moufe prickle, 
ifdive, that is to fay, Petraeus Afparagus,or Stone Sperage: it is alfo named in Latine,A- 
fparagus fylueftris, and Corruda. 


il Thel emperature. 


The roots of the garden Sperage, and alfo of the wilde, doe clenfe without manifef heate and 
drineffe, 


@} The Vertucs. 
' {orouts or naked tender fhoots hereof be oftentimes fodden in fleth broth and eaten, 
Jaire water, and feafoned with oyle, vineger, falt, and pepper, then are ferued at mens 
tables fora fallad ; they are pleafant tothe tafte, eafily concoéted, and gently loofe the belly. 
They fomewhat prouoke vrine, are good for the kidnies and bladder, but they yeeld ynto the 
ney eins nourifhment,and the fame moift, yet not faultie: they are thought to increafe feed,and 
ftir vp luf. 


T The XNepa formerly mentioned in this chapter, but now omityed, was againe fet fosth by our Author amonglt the Furfes, where you may finde it. 


CuaP.. 


Lis.2. 


OF the Hiftory ofPlant:° 3 it 


Crap. 458. 
Of Horfe-taile, or Shaue-graffe. 


The Defcription. 


I Reat Horfe-taile rifeth vp with a round ftalke,hollow within like a Reed,a cubit high, 
compact as it were of many fiall pieces, one put into the end of another, fometimes 
ofareddith colourvery rough,and fet at euery ioint with many ftiffe ruth-like leaues 

or rough briftles, which maketh the whole plant to refemble the taile of a horfe, whereof it tooke 
his name : onthe top of the ftalke do ftand in ftead of floures cluftered and thicke Catkins,not vn- 
like to the firft {hoots of Sperage, which is called Myacantha ; the root is ioynted, and creepeth in 
the ground; 

2 This fmall or naked Shaue-grafle, wherewith Fletchers and Combe-makers do Wp and po- 
lith their worke, rifeth out of the ground like the firft fhoots of Afparagus, iointed or Kneed by 
certaine diftances like the precedent, but altogether without fuch briftly leaues, yet exceeding 
rough and cutting : the root groweth aflope in the earth, like thofe of the Couch-graffe, 


1 Equi(étum maids. 2 Equifetum nudum 
Great Horfe-taile. = aS Naked Horfe-taile, 
£ QMAS ates jeveralde yell a ty } yemale 


ea eee 
ee ee ee ae ee = 


ona rere : 
— ——— 


\ 


WN cc LE 


INNS 


3 Horfe-tailewhich for the moft part groweth among corne, and where corne hath been,hath 
avery flender root, and fingle ; from which rife vp diuers tointed ftalkes,whereon doe grow verie 
long rough narrow iointed leaues, like vnto the firft defcribed, but thicker and rougher, as is the 
reft of the plant. 

4 Water Horfe-taile, that growes by the brinks of riuers and running ftreams,and Often in the 
mid(t of the water, hatha very long root, according to thedepth of the water, groffe, thicke, and 
iointed,with fome threds anexed thereto : from which rifeth vp a great thick iointed ftalke,where- 
on do grow long rough rufhy leaues, pyramide or fteeple fafhion. The whole plant is alfo tough, 
hard, and fir to thauc and rub wooden things as theother. 

5 This kinde of Horfe-taile that growes in woods and fhadowie places, hath a {mall root,and 
fingle, from which rifeth vp 2 tough chamfered ftalke ioynted by certaine {paces, hauing at each 
loynt two dufhes.ofrough briftly leaves fet one again& another like the other of his xinde. 

Aaaaa 3 6 The 


Th Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis.2. 
= 3 Equifttum fegetale, es aon E quifetum paluffre. oa 


Corne Horfe- 


e ( taile. Water Horle-taile, 
Cort Mnr~ Weng © 


q rset 


pa Cur ten 


: 
, / 
' 5 j luaticum. 6 Canda equina femina 
aA 5 Equifetum fyluaticum. d quina famina, 
it Wood Horfe-taile. ; _ Female Horfe-taile. | 
. Wi : { Nene an, Dre | 
} } Cn Wr Adorn $y Cole ee | wt Go 


ae. (Gp. | ) 
Ca Pein. WUHSl «| ob: C:') 


Se Te cecl iacttn En 


le 


Ly ait bt Of the Hiftory ar Plants. Pit 


6 The female Horfe tailegroweth for 
9 Tuncaria Salmanticenfis. the moft part in waterith places , anid by the 
Italian ruthie Horf{-taile. brinks of {mall rills and pirling brookes, ir 
hatha long root like that of Couch grafie, 
from which rife vp diuiers hollow ftalkes, fer 
about at certaine diftances with fmal leaues 
in rundles like thofe of Woodroofe, altoge- 
ther barren of feed and floure whereof it was 
called by Lobel; Polygonon farina femine vi- 
dua. ~ This is fometimes found with tenne 
ormore feedes at each ioynt; whenée Zan- 
hinehath called it Equifetnm paluftre breniori« 
bus folijs poly [permon.t 

#7 In fome bodggie places of this 
kingdome is found a rare' and pretty Hippuris 
or Horfetaile, which growes vp with many 
little branches , fome two or rhtée inches 
high, putting forth at eaéh toynt many littlé 
leaues,cluftering clofe about the ftalke, and 
fet after the manner of other Horfe-tailes: to- 
wards the tops of the branches the ioynts 
are very thicke:the colouf ofthe whole plant 
is gray, a little inclining to green, very brit. 
tle, and as it were ftony of grauelly Iike'Co- 
talline, and will crath vnder your feet,as if it 
were frozen ; and if you chew it ,' you fhall 
finde it all ftonie or gravelly.’ My friend M*. 
Leonard Buckner was the firft that found this 
plant,and brought it to me; he had ic thrée- 
miles beyond Oxford, a little on this fide 
. Euanfham-ferry, in a bog vpon a conimon 
m= SS by the Beacon hill neere Cumner-wood, in 
the end of Auguft,163 2. M*. Bowles hath fince found it growing vpona bog not far from Chiftel- 
hurft in Kent, I queftion whether this bee not the Hippuris lacuftris quedam Solis manfit avenofis of 
Gefuer : but if Gefwers be that which Baubine inl his Prod: ommus ,pag.2.4.fets forth by the fame of Equi 
feium nudum minus variegatum , then] iudge it not tobe this of my defcription : for Baxhines differs 
from this in that it is withoutleaues,and ofttimes bigger:the ftalks of his are hollow, thefe not fo: 
this may becalled Hippuris Coralloides, Horfe-taile Coraline, : AS : 

8 Towards the later end of the yeare,in diuers ditches, as in Saint Lames his Parke ; in the 
ditches on the backe of Southwarke towards Saint Georges ficlds , &¢. you may finde couered ¢ 
ouerwith watera kinde of ftinking Horfe-taile: it growes fometimes a yard long,with many ioints 
and branches, and each ioint fet with leaues, as in the other Horfe-tailes, but they are fomewhat 
iagged or diuided towards thetops.I take this tobe the Equi(:tum fatidum (ub aqua repens, defcribed 


r 


ae . < == , 4 ie 4 
wee : py Ms 


—— Ste 


inthe fift place of Banhinus his Prodromus : we may callit in Englith,S tinking water Horfe-taile.t 


9  Clu(ize hath fet forth a plant,that he referreth vato the ftocke of Horfe-tailes,w hich he thus 
deferibeth : it hath many twiggie or ruthie ftalks,whereupon it was called Iwacaria: andm ay bee 
Englithed, Rufh-weed : the leaues grow vpon the branches like thofe of Flax: on the toppes ofthe 
ftalks grow fimall chaffie floures of a whitifh colour. The feed is fimal!,and blacke of colour, The 
toot is little and white: thewhole plant is {weetith in tafte. 

10 Dodoneus {etteth forth another Horfe-tailewhich he called eliming Horfe-tai fe, or horf’- 
taile of Olympus. There is(f{aith he)another plant like Horfe-taile, but greater and higher, Teri- 
feth yp oftentimes with a ftalke as big as a fans armie, diuided into many branches sourof which 
there grow long flender fprigs very full of ioints, like to the firft Horle-taile. The floures ftarid a- 
bout the ioints,of a moffie fubftance, fmall as are thofe of the Cornell tree;in places whereof grow 
vp red fruit full of fowre iuice,not vnliketo little Mulberries,in which is the feed. The rootis hard 
and woodd ie. This growes now and then to a great height, and ometimes lower, Belloniis writeth 
inhis Singularities,rhat ithath been feene tobe equall in height with the Plane tre: ir¢o umeth 
vp lower,neere to fhorter and leffer trees or fhrubs, yet doth it not faftenit felfe to the trees with 
any tendrels or clafping aglegs ; much leffe doth icwinde it felfe about them, yerdoth it delight to 
ftand neereand clofe vnto them. . 


qf The 


A 


B 


Cc 
D 


te  (Orabe Hiftory of Plants. s Li mi 


q The Place. 
The titles and defcriptions fhew the place ea the laft ses Se to grow 
in diuers vallies ofthe mountaine Olympus,and not far from Ragufaa citie in Sclauonia. 
q The Time. 
i ommer. 
ney floure from April! to the end of S 
me F A @ The Names. 
Horfe-taile is called in Greeke izzeme , Hippuris: in Latine, Equifitumand Equinalis : of Plinie in 
his 15. booke,z8 chap Equifetisof the likenefle of a horfe haire : of fome,Salsx equina: in fhoppes, 
. 3° e « : ; : i 
Candaequina ; inhigh Dutch, Schatktheto + in low Dutch, Pecrtfteertsin Ate lati; Codg diCanalle : 
in Spanith,Coda de mula: in French; Quewe de chewal: and Caquene : inEnglith, Horfe-taile, and 
C04 
Shaue-graffe. : ‘ Py ate ha Be 
Shaue-crafle is not without caufe named Apprella, of his ruggedneffe, w hich is hot vnknowne to 
-amen,who {coure their pewter and woodden things of the kitchin therewith:which the-German 
' omen call Xannenwraut : and therefore fome of ourhufwiues docall it Pewterwoort. Of fome. 
vome. é ‘ ts 
the tenth is called Ephedra, Anobajis,and Caucon. 
The Temperature. : 
Horfe-taile, as Galen faith, hatha binding facultie, with fome bitterneffe,and therefore it doth 
iohtily dry,and that without biting. 
mightily dry, q The Vertues. 
Diofcorides faith that Horfe-taile being ftamped and laied to, doth perfe@ly cure wounds, yea 
though the finewes becutin funder, as Galen addeth, Itis of fo great and fo fingularavertue in 
; loa . 
Realise ofwounds,as that it is thought and reported for truth, to cure the wounds of the bladder, 
and other bowels,and helpeth ruptures or burftings. ea 
The herbe drunke either with water or wine, is an excellent remedy againft bleeding at theno, 
and other fluxes of bloud. It ftaicth the ouermuch flowing of womens floures,the bloudy flixjand’ 
the other fluxes of the belly. ., ; 2 
The iuice of the herbe taken in the fame manner can do the like, and more effeGually, 
Horfe-taile with his roots boiled in wine,ts very profitable for the vicers of the kidnies& blad- 
der,the cough and difficultie of breathing. 


Cuar. 459. Of Sea-(lufter,or Sea Raifon. 


{1 Viamarina minor, | The Defiription. 
_. . Small Sea Grape. 


I Mall Sea Grape is not vnlike to horf- 
taile: irbringeth forth flender ftalks, 
almoft like ruthes, fetwith many lit- 
tle ioints, fuch as thofe are of the Horfe-taile, 
and divided into many wings and branches; the 
tops whereof are fharpe pointed,f{omewhat hard 
and pricking:it is without !eanes:the flours grow 
in clufters out of the ioints, with little ftems, 
they are {mall and ofa whitith green colour: the 
fruit confifteth of many little pearles,like tothe 
voripe berries of Rafpis,or H ind-berry:when it is 
tipcitisredwith a faffron colour, intafte fiveet 
and pleafant: the feede or kernell is hard, three 
fquare,fharpe on eucry fide,in tafte binding : the 
r00t is iointed,long,and creeps aflope : the plant 
it felfe alfodoth rather lic on the ground than 
ftand vp: it groweth all full of {mall ftalkes and 
branches,cafting themfelues all abroad. 

2 Carolus Clufius hath fer forth another fort 
of fea Grape, far different from the precedent; it 
rifeth vp totheheight of a man, hauing manie 
branches ofa wooddie fubftance, in form like to 
Spanifh Broome,without any leauesatall:wher- 
upon doe grow clufters of floures vpon flender 
foot-ftalks,ofayellowith moffie or herby colour, 
like thofe of the Cornell tree: after which come 
the fruit like vnto the mulberrie,ofa reddith co. 
lour and fower tafte,wherein lieth hid one rae 
eeds 


Les Be 2. Of the Hiftroy of Plants. “tity 


} Leds like thofe of Millet,blacke without,and white within : the root is hard, tough,and wooddie, 


2 Vuamarita maior. 3 Tragos Matthioli. 
Great fhrubbie fea Grape, Baitard Sea Grape, 


Sal Sola AGB. 


When hi Y 
Lge eas 


3 Tragon Matthioli,ox rather Tragos improbus,Matthioli, which he vnaduifedly called Trazon,is 
without controuerfie nothing elfe buta kinde of Kalé: this plantrifeth vp out of the ground with 
ftalks feldome a cubite high,diuided into fundry other groffe, thicke,and writhen branches, fet,or 
armed with many pricking leanes, of the colour and {hape of A7zeoz,and fomewhat thicke and fle- 
thie :among which come forth fuch prickley burres,as are to be-feen in Tribulus terrefiris, as that it 
is hard for a man to touch any part thereof without pricking ofthe hands : the floutes are ofan 
herbie colour, bringing forth flat feed like vnto Kali : the root is flender,and {preadeth vnder the 


i 
QC} 
20 


@ The Place. 
It loueth to grow vpon dry banks and fandy places neere tothe fea:it is found in Languedocke, 
not far from Montpelicr,and in other places by the fea fide,andis a ftranger in England, 
a The Time, 
When it groweth of it felfe the fruit is ripe in Autumne,the plant it felfe remaineth long green, 
for all the cold in Winter. 


G The Names. 

It is called of the later Herbarifts,/a marina : in French, Raifin de Mer,of the pearled frnit, and 
the likeneffe rhar it hath with the Rafpis berriejwhich is as it were a Raifon or Grape,confifting of 
many little ones : it is named in Greeke pipe, but it is not called Tragws,or Trazanos,ofa Goat (for 
fo fignifieth the Grecke word) or of his sanke and rammith {mell,but becaufe it bringeth forth 


fruigé 


oo ax = Sas 


Be 


Ne 
1a 
it 


a Ofthe Hitterie of Plants. Lip.2. 


jand they are drie in 
@ The Vertucs. 


Diofcorides writeth,that the Raifons of fea Grape do ftay the flix, and alfo the whites in women, 


TS rate 


A 


when they much abound. 


} Our Author asy f place, but formerly the figure wasinthe third place, andanother figure ofthe famein thé 


econd piace,and the 


Toate es + 


Cuar. 460. Of “Madder. 


" The Kindes. 
*E Here is but one kinde of Madder onely which is manured ot fet for vfe,but if all thofe that are 
t reto, there fhould be many forts: 
and Croffe-woort,all which are like 
kinds thereof. 


to Madder in 


1 Rubtatindtorum, 2 Rubiafylueftres: 
Red Madder. 


_ Wilde Madder: 


ALA I Yr a= 
pn Wr 30 


1 
k i) | 
| 
| : } 
; g rs 
ad be ee 
SAMA 
Ve, 
: 
i 
} 
ii i 
“ak j 
eh ee | 
i iif 
eat Ce 
' da " 
4 
‘ 1 
, j 
| Hit) @ The Defiription. 
el mi ay ; I ‘He g: len or manured Madder hath long ftalks or trailing branches difperfed farre a- 
f Pedoue a { broad vpon the ground, fquare, rough, and full of ioints ; at cuery ioint fetround with 
feta} f ; e rough leaues,in man 


her of a ftarre,or as thofe of Woodroofe : the floures grow at the toppe 
oo 


Las Of the Hiftory of I Plants. wig 


. of ielnatuhiess be faint yellow éolour: after which come he (ean. round, greene at the firft,after- 
Ivard red,and laitly of ablacke colour : the root long, far, full of fubftance,creepeth far abroad with- 
in the vpper cruft of the earth, and is of ateddifh cient when it is greene and freth. 
2 Wilde Madder is Lilie infornievnto that of the garden, but altcgether f{maller, and the 
Heaues are not forough,but fmoothand fhining : the floures are white: the root is very {mall and 
ender,and oftentimes of a reddith, colour, 


| 3 Rubiamarina, £ 4 Rubia [picata Cretica, 
Sea Madder. Small Candie Madder. 


oe <A 


Ss h ek 


3 Sea Madderhatha root two foot long, with many dry threds hanging thereat,ofa reddith 
colour like Alkanet,on the ouitfide of the Coase forme and bigneffe, bute ietin de of thecolour of 
the fcrapings of luniper,or iedar wood,fen ding forth diuers: “flender ftalks roundand ful of ioints: 
from which come ae {mail thin lea AUCS, fiffe and tharpe pointed, fomewhat hairic, in number 
commonly foure, ftanding likea Burgonion croffe ; from the bofome of which come Porch certain 
tufts of {maller leaues thrufk tog sether vpon a heape : the floures stow at the top of the talks ofa 
pale yellowifh colour. 


4 Rubia (picataCretica Clufy « 


$. 4 ta hath proceeding from the root many knottie foure {quare rough little Ralks, a 
foot hich, diuid Jed immediately from the root into many branches, haning but one fide branch 
growing forth of one joint: aboutwhich ioints grow {pred abroad foure or fiue, fometimes fixe 
Natrow, fhort, fharpe pointed leaves, fomewhat rough: the toppes of the italke 2 and branches are 
norl Ling but long fmall foure fquare {pikes or eares,made of three leafed greene huskes : out of the 
top of Gach hiiskee erowetha very {mall greenifh yellow floure,hauing four re exceeding fmal leaues 
fcarce tobe feene: afterw hich followeth in cach huske one {mall blackith feed, fomewhat | long; 
round on the orie fide,with-a dent or hollowneffe on the other, The root is fmall, hard, wooddie, 
crooked or {eragged with many little branches or th reds,red without,and white within,and perith- 
ethwhen the feeds are ripe. Iuly,19.16216 


Synanchicd 


Of the Hifterie of Plants, 


Lis.2. | 


Synanchica Lug.p 1185. 


me (sooo 5 Theroot is crooked,blackith without,yellow vnderneath the skinne, white within that and 
f boy ,,, wooddie ; about fiue or fix inches long,with many hairy ftrings: from the root arife many foure- 
Rae ee {quare branches trailing vpon the ground, fometimes reddifh towards the root : the leaues © 
are fmall and fharpe pointed, like thofe of Gallium, and grow along the ftalke,on certaine knees or 
Ah: ioints, foure or fiue together,fometimes fewer:from thofe ioints the ftalk diuideth it felfe towards - 
vit the top into many parts, whereon grow many floures, each floure hauing foure leaues, fometimes 
white,fometimes of a flefh colour,and cuery leafe of thefe fleth coloured leaues is artificially ftra- 
ked in the middle,and neere the fides with three lines of a deeper red, of no pleafant fmell: after 
which commeth the feed fomething round,growing two together like ftones. It floureth all the 
Sommerlong , and growethin drie Chalkie grounds aboundantly. Auguft 13, 1619s Zohn 


Goodycr. $ 


$ 6 Rubia minima. $ 6 Lobel thus defcribes this Dwarfe 

TBS % Dwarfe Madder. Madder: there is another (faith hee) which I 
f qin ; gathered, growing vpon Saint Vincents rocks 
\ not farre from Briftow ; the leaues are of the 
bigneffe of thofe of Rupture-woort, fharpe 
pointed,and growing after the manner of thofe 
of Madder, vpon little creeping ftalkes, fome 
inchand halfe high, whereon grow yellowifh 


See 


USS WWW, 


Q) 


{mall floures. The root is fmall,and of the coz 


lour of Corall. £ 
q The Place. 
Madder is planted in gardens, and is verié, 


oe 


common inmoft places of England. Mafter 
George Bowles found it growing wilde on Saint 
Vincents rocke ; and out of the Cliffes of the 
veh i : rockes at Aberdovie in Merioneth fhire. 
ea The fecond groweth in moift medowes, in 
moorith grounds,and vnder bufhes almoft cue. 
J ry where. 
3 This grows by the fea fide in moft places? 
+ The fourth growes onely in fome few 
gardens with vs, but the fifth may bee found 
wilde in many places: I found it in great plen- 
ty on the hill beyond Chattam in the way to 
Canturburie. $ 
q The Time. 
They flourith from M ay vntothe end of Auguft: the roots are gathered and dried in Autumneg 
and fold tothe vfeof Diersand Medicine. 


@ The Names. 
i _ Madder is called in.Greeke #u5pé ; Erythrodanum : in Latine, Rubia,and Rubeia: in fhops, Rss 
bia tinétorum : Paulus Bgineta theweth that it is named Thapfonwhich the Diers vfe,and the Ro- 
manes call it Herba Rubia: in Italian Rudbia,and Robbia: in Spanith, Ruvia, Roya, and GranXa: in 
French,Garance : inhigh Dutch,Rotte 3 in low Dutch, Pee,and Spee Crappensin Englith,Mad- 


| 
Py { der,and red Madder. 
Bite mee 
t yh] | 4] The Temperature. 
th} | ae 
HB ; Of the temperature of Madder, it hath beene difputed among the learned, and as yet not cenfir- 
‘ qi red, whether it doe binde or open;fome fay both; diuers diuerfly deeme:a great Phy fition(I donot 


fay nee cat learned )called me toaccountas touching the faculties heereof, although hehad no 
ee ion foto doe, notwithftanding I was content to be examined vpon the point,what the na- 
ture of Madder was,becaufe J haue written that it performeth contrary effects, as fhall be fhewea: 


the roots of Madder, which both the Phyfitions and diers doe vie, as they haue an obfcure binding 
power 


a 


16. 2. 


Of the Hiltory of Planes. ils hi2t 


power and force ; fo bé they likewife of nature and temperature cold and diy: they are withall 
of diuers thin parts, by reafon whereof there colour doth eafily pierce: yethaue ¢Mfey at the H¢(t ‘i 
certain little fweetnes, with an harth binding quality prefenély following it; which nor ohely We 
our felues haue obferued, but alfo _zujicen the prince of Phyfitions,who in his 58: Chines 
written,that the root of Madder hath a rough and harfh tafte : now M'. Doctor, whether it bina x 
or open J haue anfwered,attending your cenfure : bur if I haue erred, itis not with the multitude 
but with thofe of the beft and beft learned. 7 "Side 

Gj The Vertues. 

The decoéion of the roots of Madder is euery' where commended for tho that are burften & 
brufed,wounded,and that are fallen from high places, ; 

It fencheth bleeding, mitigateth infammations, and helpeth thofe parts that be hurt and 
brufed, 

Por thefe caufes they be mixed with potions,which the later Phyfitians call wound drinkes : if C 
which there is fuch force and vertuie, as Matthiolws alfo reporteth, that there is likewife great Hove 
of curing of deadly wounds in thecheft and intrails. P 

‘Our opinion and judgement is confirmed by that moft expert man, fometimes Phyfition of D 
Louaine, Johannes Spiringws,whoinhis Rapfodes hath noted; that the decoction of Madder ciuen 
with Triphera,that great compofition is fingulat good to ftay the reds,the hemorrhoides and blon- 

-dy flixe, and the ‘fame approoued by diuers experiments: which confirmeth Madder tobe of an 
aftringent and binding qualitie. 

Of the fame opinion as it feemeth is alfo Eros Iuliaher freed man (commonly called Trotula) E 
who in a compofition againft vntimely birth doth vie the famé : for ifhe had thought that Madder 
were of fucha qualitie as Diofcorides writeth it to be of, he would not in any wife haue added It to 
thofe medicines which are good againft an vntimely birth. ; 

For Diofcorides seporteth, that the root of Madder doth plentifully prouokevrine, and thar E 
groffe and thicke, and oftentimes bloud alfo, and it is fo great an cpener, that being but onely ap- 
plied,itbringeth downe the mehfes,the bitth,and after-birth : but rhe extreme rednes of the vrine 
deceiued him, thac immediately followeth the taking of Madder,which redneffe came as he 
thouglit, from bloud mixed therewith, which notwithftanding commeth no orherwife then from 
the colour of the Madder. 

For the root hereof taken any manet of way doth by & by make the vrine extreme red:noother- G 
wife than Rubarb doth make the fame yellow, not changing in the meane time the fub{tance 
theteof, nor making it thicket than it was before, which is to be vnderftood in thofe which are in 
perfeét health, which thing doth rather thew that it doth not open, but binde, ho otherwife than 
Rubatbe doth: for by reafon of his binding quality the waterifh humors do forawhile keepe their 
colour. For colours mixed with binding things do longer remaine in the things coloured. and do 
not fo fone vade: this thing they will know that gather colours out of the juices of foures and 
herbes, for with them they mixe allume, to the end thar the colour may-be retained and kepr the 
Jonger,which otherwife would be quickely loft. By thefe things it manifeftly appeateth that 
Madder doth nothing vehemently either clenfe or open,and that Dioféoriades hath rafhly attributed 
vito it this kinde of qualitie,and after him Galen and the reft that followed, ftandine ft iffely to hig 
opinion. is 

Pliny faith, that the ftalkes with the leaues of Madder, are vied azaintt ferpents. I 

The root of Madder boiled in Meade or honied water,and drunken,openeth the ftepping ofthe I 
liuer,the milt and kidnies,and is good againft the jaundife. ee 

The fame taken in like maner prouoketh vrine vehemently, infomuch that che often ve thereof K 
caufeth one to piffe bloud,as fome haue dreamed. 

ZLangius and other excellent Phyfitions haue experimented the fame to amend the lorhfome I 
colour ofthe Kings-euill, andit helpeth thevlcers of the mouth, if vnto the decoction beaddeda ~ 
little allume and hony of Rofes. 

# 5 The fifth being the Syaanchica of Dalefthampius, dries without biting, and itis excellent M 
againft {qinancies, either taken inwardly, or applied outwardly, for which caufe they haue called 

* it Synanchica, Hift. Lugd. $ 


be 


Cuap. 461. Of Goofe-graffe, or (liners. 
@ The Defcription. 


r Parine, Cliuers or Goofe-graffe,bath many {mall {quare branches,rough and tharpe, full 
of joints,befer at euery joint with {mall leaues ftar fathion,and like vaco fma!l Madder: 
Bbbbb the 


i, 


1122 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. x 
che flonres are very little and white, pearking on the tops of the f{prigs: the feeds are fmall, round, _ | 
a little bollowsin the middeft in maner ofa naucll, fet for the moft part by couples : the roots flen- | 
der and full of ftrings : che whole plant is rough, and his ruggednefle taketh hold of mens yeftures 
and woollen garments as they paffe by : being drawne along the tongue it fetcheth bloud : Dio/co- 
rides reports,that the fheepheards in ftead of a Cullender do vfe it to take haires out of milke,if 
any remaine therein. wilt 

2 Thegreat Goofe-grafle of Pliny is one of the Moone-worts of Zobel, it hath a very rough 
tender flalke,whereuponare fet broad leaues fomewhat long, like thofe of Scorpion graffe, or Aly/ 
fo2 Galeni, Galens Moone: woort, very rough and hairy,which grow not about the joints, but three 
or foure together on one fide of the ftalke: the floures grow at the top of the branches, of ablew | 
colour :after which commeth rough cleauing feeds,that do fticke tomens garments which touch __ | 
it: the root is fmall and fingle. 


1 Aparine. 2 Aparine maior Pliny: 
Goofe-graffe or Cleuers. Great Goofe-grafle, 
Gi alu Ww Cupanimss ( Usperu | 2 p: ocClnm (VIVES. 
QQ 


The Place. 

Goofe-graffe groweth necre the TAR fields,and oftentimes in the fields themfelues mixed 
with the corne alfo by common waies,ditches, hedges,and among thornes : Theophraftus and Galen 
write, that it groweth among Lentles, and with hard embracing it doth choke it, and by that 
meanes is burdenfome and troublefome vnto it. 

; @ The Time, 

It is found plentifully euery ‘where in fummer time. 

@ The Names. 1 

Itisnamed in Greeke mpi: Apparine : in Latine, Lappa minor, but not properly : Pliny affirmeth - 
itto be Lappaginis {peciem : of fome,Philanthropos,as though he fhould fay,a mans friend, becaufe it 
taketh hold of mens garments; of diuers alfo for the fame caufe,Philadelphos : in Italian Sperenella: 
in Spanith,Prefera,or amor ai Hortalano : inhigh Dutch,dsteeb kraut ¢ in French, Rebleon Grateron - 
in low Dutch, Rleefcrupt : in Englith, Goofe- thare, Goofe-grafle, Cleuer,or Clauer. 

: a The Temperature. 

Ic is,as Galen faith, moderately horand dry,and f{omewhat of thin parts, J 

: q The 


Ay d Be, Be Of the Hiftorie of Plants. : 112 


a The Vertues. 
The iuice which is preffed out of the feeds, talks, and leaues,as Diofcorides writeth,is aremedie A 
4 for them that are bitten of the poifonfome fpiders called in Latine Phalangia; and of vipers if ibe 
i) drunke with wine. 
| And the herbe ftamped with {wines greafe wafteth away the kernels by the throte, setts B 
) Pliny teacheth that the leaues being applied do alfo ftay the aboundance of blond iffuing out CG 
| ofwounds, ‘ 
Women do vfually make pottage of Cleuets with alittle mutton and Otemeale,to cafe lank- 
neffe,and keep them from fatneffe. 


. 


Cuar. 462. Of Croffe-woort. 
: q The Defcription: 


I Roffe-woort is a low and bafe herbe, ofa pale greene colour,hauing many fquare feeble 

rough ftalks full of ioints or knees,couered ouer with a foft downe: the leaues are little, 
thort, & {mal, alwaies foure growing together,and ftanding croflewife one rightagainft 
} another,making a right Burgunion croffe: toward the top of the ftalke, and from the bofome of 
) thofe leaues come forth very many fmall yellow floures,ofa reafonable good fauour, each of which 


) tsalfo thaped like a Burgunioncroffe: the roots are norhing elfe buta few {mall threds or fibres, 


X Cruciata. £ 2 Rubia Cruciata leve, 
Croffe-woort. SCroffe-woort Madder-’ 


) ; : 
| ( 4\ tI He CUAAtL ot Nw 


+ 4% Thisinthine opinion may be placed hereas fitly as any where els, forit hath thé leaites 
fianding croffe-waies fouré ata ioint, fomewhat like thofe of the largeft Chickweed : the ftalkes 
are betweenea foot anda hal fe and twocubites high. ‘The white Starre-fathioned floures ftand in 
roundles aboutthe tops of the ftalks.It growes plentifully in Piemont, on the hills not farre from 
‘Tiirine. Lobel fers it forth by the name Of Rubia Levis T anrinenfinm. + 


Bbbbb 2 € Th 


1124 Of the Hiftory of Plants. _ ban. 2 


| The Place. 

Cruciata, or Croffe-woort, groweth in moift and fertilemedowes; I fourd tke fame growing in. 
the Churchyard of Hampftead neere London, and in a pafture adioining thereto,by themill sal i 
it groweth in the Lane or high way beyond Charlton, a {mall village by Greenwich,and in fundry 
other places. 

@ The Time. 

Tt floureth for the moft part all Sommer long. 

@ The Names. 

Itiscalled Cruciata,and Cruciatis,of the placing of the leaues in manner ofa Croffe: in Enclith, | 
Croffe-woort,or Golden Mugweet. Ce 

q The Temperature, 
Croffewoort feemeth to be ofa binding and dry qualitic. 
: @ The Vertues, 


‘A. _ Croffewoort hath an excellent propertie to heale,ioine,and clofe wounds together, yea it is very 


fit for them,whether they be inward or outward, ifthe faid hetbe be boiled inwine and drunke, * ’ 
The decoétion thereof is alfo miniftred with good fuccefle to thofe thatareburften :and {0 is. 
the herbe,being boiled vntill it bee foft,and laied vpon the burften place in manner of a pultis, 


Cuar. 463. Of Woodrooffe. 


1 Aferula. $ 2 Afperula flore ceruleo. 
Blew VVoodroofte. 


Weoodrooffe. 
As) erRor oclova to 
iW x 1A 


=A PPS 
p Vi AS 
jo \ 
. 
. 


| The Defcription. 


i NX vf Oodrooffe hath many fquare ftalkes full of ioints,and at euery knor of ioint feuen 

¥ orcight long narrow leaues,fet round about like a ftar,or the rowel 6fa fpurré:the 

floures grow at the top of the ftems, of awhite colour,and.ofavery fweet fmell,as 

is the reft of the herbewhich being made vp into garlands or bundles, and hanged vp in houfes in 

the heatof Sommer,doth very wel attemper the aire,coole and make freth the place,to the delight 
and comfort of fuch as are therein, ; 


a There 


Lina Of the Hiftroy of Plants, 


125 


BER licorkiog' yy 2 There is another fort of WWoodrooffe 

£ 3 Sazina Spereula. called Ajperula Ceruleaor blew Woodrooffesit 
Spurrye. ; isan herbe ofa foot high, foft,hairy,and fome- 

ci eng Ulse arvensis. thing branched,with leaues & ftalks like thofe 


ofwhite Woodrooffe: the floures thereof are 
blew, ftanding vpon fhort ftems on the tops of 
the ftalks : the feed is fmall,round, and placed 
together by couples :the root is long, and of a 
red colour. 

3 Thereis another herb called Sagine /per- 
gulaor Spurry,which is fown in Brabant, Hol- 
Jand,and Flanders, of purpofe to fatren cattel, 
and tocaufe them to giue much milke, and 
there called Spurrey,and Franke Spurrey: it is 
a bafe and low herbe,very tender,hauing many 
iointed ftalks,whcreupon do graw Jeaues fet in 
round circles like thofe of “Voodrooffe, but 
leffer and {moother , in forme like the rowel! 
ofa fpur:at the top of the ftalks do grow {mall 
white floures.after which come round feed like 
thofe of Turneps : the root is {mall and thred 
die. 

+t 4 There are one ortwoplants more, 
which may fitly be here mentioned : the firft 
of them is the Sperzula marina of Dalefihampiuc, 
which froma pretty large wooddy and tough- 
ith root fends vp iointed talks fome foot ong 
at each ioint come forth two long thick round 
Jeaues, and out of their bofomes other lefler 
Ieaues:the top of the ftalks is diuided into fune 
dry branches,bearing floures ofa faint reddith 
colour,compofed of fiue little leaues,with yel- 
fowifh threds in the middle: afterwhich follow Cups or feed veffels,which open into foure parts, 
| and containe a little flat reddith feed : it grows in the falt marthes about Dartford,and other fuch 
| places , floures in fuly and Auguft,and in the meane {pace ripens the feed. We may call this in 
Englith, Sea Sputrie. 

_ 5 _ This other hath a large root,confidering the {malneffe of the plant : from which arife many 

weak flender branches fome three or foure inches long,fomtimes more,lying commonly flat on the 
ground, hauing many knots or joints :at each whereof vfually grow a couple of white fealy leaues, 
and out cf their bofomes other fmall tharpe pointed little greene leaues : at the topsof the bran- 
ches grow little red floures, fucceeded by fuch,yet leffer heads than thofe of the former : it floures 
inTuly and Auguft,and growes in fandy grounds,as in Tuthill-flelds nigh Weftminfter:the figure 
fet forth in Hi/f. Lued.p.2179,by the title of Chamapeuce Pliny Camphorata minor Dalefthampijfecms 
tobe of this plant,but without the floure: Baxhine in his Prodromus deferibes irby the name of 44 
Sine Spergule facie. This may be called Chickweed Spurrey,or {mall red Spurrey. + 

@ The Place. 

White Woodroofe groweth vnder hedges,and in woods almoft euery where : the fecond grows 
eth inmany places of Effex,and diuers other parts in fandy grounds. The third in Corne fields, 
G The Time. 


They floure in Tune and Tuly. 
| The Names, 


Moft haue taken Woodrooffe tobe Pliny his Alyfsos, which as he faith, doth differ from Erythro: 
danum,or Garden Madder,in leaues onely,and leffer ftalks: but frcha one is not onely this,but al- 
fo that with blew floures:for Galen doth attribute to Aly(fas,a blew floure : notwithftanding Galens 
and Plinies Alyffos are thought to differ by Galews owne words, Writing of Aly/fos in his fe- 
cond booke of Counterpoifons,in WA mtonins Cous hiscom pofition,in this maner: 4/y/fos is an herb 
very like vnto Horeliound,burt rougher and fuller of pricklesabour the circles: ir beareth a floute 
tending toblew. 

Woodrooffé is named of diuers in Latine Afperuls odprata,and of moh men Afperculs odyrata vOF 
others,Cordialis,and Stellaria’: inhigh Dutch, ee :in low Dutch, Leuerkraut :thatis to 

3 i 


fay, 


———_— 


26. Of the Eliftorie of Plants, Linz. 


fay Iecoraria,or Hepatica,Linetwoort : in French, cMuguet : in Englith, Woodrooffe, Woodrowe, 
and VWoodrowell. 


The Temperature. 
Woodrooffe is of temperature fomething like ynto our Ladies Bed ftraw, but not fo ftrong, be- 


ing ina meane between heate and drinefle. 
q The Vertues. 


It is reported tobe put intowine, to make aman merry,and tobe good for the heart and liuerzit 
preuaileth in wounds, as Gruciata, and other vulnerarie herbes do, 


RE rT 
SS Te Ton 


alii 


armen 


oe 
os 
ue 


Cur. 464. Of Ladies Bedfraw. 


q The Kindes. ‘ | 


i 
4 


aa 


7 ps be diuers of the herbes called Ladies Bedftraw,or Cheefe-renning ; fome greater, others 
<i feffe ; fome with white floures,and fome with yellow. 
@ The Defcription. ; 

Adies Bed ftraw hath {mall round euen ftalkes, weake and tender,creeping hither and 
thither vpon the ground : whereon doe grow very fine leaues,cut into {mall iags,finer 
than thofe of Dill, fet at certaine fpaces,as thofe of Woodrooffe: among which come | 
forth floures ofa yellow colour,in clufters or bunches thicke thruft together,ofa {trong fweet {mel | 
but not vnpleafant:the root is fmall and threddie. | 


x Gallium luteum, 2 Gallium album. 
ait Yellow Ladies Bedftraw. Ladies Bed{tvaw with white floures. | 


Col CUR 2.0.6 Cava 
C 


2 Ladies Bed{traw withwhite floutes is likevnto Cleauers or Goofe-graffe, in leaues,ftalkes, 
and manner of growing,yet nothing at all rough,but fmooth and foft:the floures be white, the feed 
round : the roots flender,creeping within the ground: the whole plant rampeth vpon buthes,firubs 
and allother {uch things as {tand neere vato itotherwife it cannot ftand, but muft reeleand fall to 


the groud. ie 
3 This 
‘ re) 


a a a ae 


Se ee ee 


1 Lawz. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 27 


} vertues inturning milke to cheefe, as al{o by his forme,being in each refpeét like vnto yellow Gal- 


— 


burg in Germanic, and it hath not been feenin thefe parts before this time. 

4 There is likewife another fort of Gallium for diftinctions fake called Moflugo, which hath 
ftalks that need not to be propped vp, but of it felfe ftandeth vpright, and is like ynto the common 
white Gallivm, but that it hath a fmoother leafe, The floures thereof be alfowhite,and very fmall. 
The root is blackith. 


t+ 3 Gallinmrubrum, 4. Gallium, fine Mollugo montana. 
Ladies Bed-f{trow with red floures. 4 Great baftard Madder. 


' @| The Place. 
The firft groweth vpon funnie bankes neere the borders of fields, in fruitfull foiles almof every 
where. 
The fecond groweth in marith grounds and other moitt places. 
The third gtoweth vpon mountaines and hilly places, and is not yet found in England. 
The fourthand laft eroweth in hedges among buthes in moft places. 
@| The Time. 
They floure moft of the Sommer moneths. 
gq The Names. ! : 
The firft is called in Greeke réwo : ithath that name of milke,called in Greeke 21, into which, 
itis put as cheefe-renning : in Latine likewife Gallium : in high-Dutch, Magerbraut, wal ttroo ¢ 
in low-Dutch, npalftroas in French, Petit Muguet : in Italian, Galio : in Spanith, Coara leche yerua: 
in Englifh, our Ladies Bed-ftrow, Cheefe-renning, Maids haire,and pety Mugwet. $ 
The others are Species Lappazinis,or kindes of {mall Burres , fo taken of the Antients : The 
laft,-of the foftneffe and {moothneffe of the leaues, is commonly called Mollugo : divers take it 
for akinde of wilde Madder, naming it Rubia fylueftrisor wilde Madder. 
| The Temperature, 


Thefeherbes, efpecially that with yellow floures,is dry and fomething binding, as Galen faith. 
~ @ Tne 
& 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants, ; Li aS 


1128 


q The Vertues. 

A The floures of yellow Maids haire, as Dio/corides writeth, is vfed in ointments againft burnings, 
and it ftancheth bloud:: it is put into the Cerote or Cere-cloath of Rofes zit is feta funning in a 
elafle, with Oyle Oliue, vntill it be white :it is good to anoint the wearied Traueller:the root 
thereof drunke in wine ftirreth vp bodily luft ; and the floures {melled yntoworke the fame effet, 

B  Theherbe thereof is vfed for Rennet to make cheefe, as Matthiolws reporteth, faying, That the 
people of Tufcanie or Hetruria do vfe to turne their milke, that the Cheefe which they make of 
Sheeps and Goats milke might be the fiveeter and more pleafant in tafte,andalfo more wholfome, 
efpecially to breake the ftone, asitis reported. : 

C The people in Cheshire, efpecially about Namptwich, where the beft cheefe is made, do vfe it 
in their Rennet, efteeming greatly of that cheefe aboue other made without it, 

D We finde nothing extant in the antient writers, of the vertues and faculties of the white kindes 
but areas herbes neuer had in vfe either for phyficke or Surgerie. 


The foure that was formerly in the third place was of the Gallium albsns minus of Tabern which commonly hath but two leawes at a igynt, yet (ometimes ie is 
found with three. 


Cuar. 465. Of Ferne. 


@ The Kindes. 


Here be diuers forts of Ferne, differing as well in forme as place of. growing ,whereof there be 
two forts according to the old writers, the male and the female ,and thefe be properly called 


| Ferne: the others haue their proper names, as fhall be declared. 
» Ahi, Pat i é 
Bae ia, Tae 1 Filix mas. 2 Félix feemina, 
\: _ Male Ferne. D>,.,, Female Ferng, or Brakes, 
f | Ath iu, Kili mad ‘rheris aquclina- 
Y l 


Shy 


Vit 


Lis.2. OF the Hiftory of Plants: tit 


q The Defiription. 


t He male Ferne bringeth forth prefently from the root broad leaues and rough, fome- 
what hard, eafie to be broken, of a light greene colour,and ftrong fmell; more than a 
eubit long, {pred abroad like wings, compounded as itwere of a great number ftan- 

ding ypona middle rib, euerie one whereof is like a feather, nicked in the edges,and on the backe- 
fide are {prinkled as it were with a very fine earthy-coloured duft or {pors,which many rafhly haue : 
taken for feed : the root confifteth of a number of tufts or threds, and is thicke and blacke, and is 
without ftalke and feed, and altogether barren. 


£ Filicis (vulgo) maris varietates & differentia. 
Differences of thé male Ferne. 


] haue obferued foure forts of Ferne,by moft writers efteemed to be the male Ferne of Disfcorides : 

by Anguillara, Gefner, Cafalpinws, and Clufins,accounted to be the female, and fo indeed doe I 
thinke them to be, though I call them the male, with the multitude. Ifyou looke on thefe Fernes 
according to their feuerall growths and ages, you may make many more forts of them than I haue 
done ;which I am afraid hath beene the occafion of defcribing more forts than indeed thereare 
in nature, Thefe defcriptions I made by them when they were in their perfect growths, 


x Filix mas ramofa pinnulis dentatis. 


The roots are nothing but an aboundance of {mall blacke haity ftrings,growing from the lower 
| parts Of the maine ftalkes (for ftalkes I willcall them) where thofe ftalkes are ioyned together. 
At the beginning of the Spring you may perceiue the leaues to grow forth of their folding clu- 
feers,couered with brownith {eales at the fuperficies of the earth, very clofely ioyned together:a 
young plant hath but a few leaues ; an old.one, ten, twelue, or more : cach flalke at his lower end 
neere the ioyning to his fellowes, at his firftappearing, beforehe is an inch long hauing fome of 
thofe blacke fibrous roots forhis fuftenance. The leaues being at their full growth hath each of 
them a three-fold diuifion,as hath that Ferne which is commonly called the female: the maine 
ftalke, the fide branches growing from him, and the nerues growing on thofe fide branches bea- 
ring the leaues : the maine ftalke of that plant I defcribe was fully foure foot long (but there are 
vfually from one foot to foure in length) full of thofe brownith {eales, efpecial ly toward the root, 
firme, one fide flat, the reft round, naked fully one and twenty inches,to the firft paire of fide bran- 
ches. The fide branches, the longeft being the third paire from the root, were nine inches long, 
and {horter and fhorter towards the top, innumber about twenty paire ; for the moft part towards 
theroor they grow by couples, almoft Oppofite, the neerer the top the further from oppofition : 
the nerues bearing the leaues, the longeft were two inches and a quarter long, and fo fhorter and 
fhorter toward the tops of the fide branches ; about twentie in number oneach fide of the longeft 
fide branch. The leaues grow for the moft part by couples on the nerue, eight or nine paire on a 
nerue ; each leafe being gathed by the fides, the gathes ending with fharpe points, ofa deep green 
onthe vpper fide, on the vnder fide paler,and each leafe hauing two rowes ofdufty red {cales, of a 
browne or blackifh colour ; toward the top of the maine ftalke thofe fide branches change into 
nerues,bearing only the leaues. When the leaues are at their full growth,you may fee in the mid. 
deft of them at their roots the {aid fcaly folding clufter, and as the old leaueswith their blacke 
threddy roots wholly perith, they {pring vp ;moft yeares you may finde many of the old leaues 
greene all the Winter, efpecially in warme places. This groweth plentifully in the boggy tha- 

dowie moores rieere Durford Abbey in Suffex, and alfo on the moift fhadowie rockes by Maple- 
durham in Hampfhire, ncere Peters-field ; and I haue found it often on the dead putrified bodies 
and {tems of old rotten okes, in the faid moores ; neere the old plants I hau obferued verie many 

{mall yong plants growing, which came by the falling of the feed from thofedutty feales : for I 

belcéueall herbes haue feeds inthemfelues to produce their kindés, Gew.1. 11. 12. 


The thtee other haue but a twofold diuifion;the many ftalks and the nerugs bearing the leaues. 
The-roots of them/allare blacke fibrous threds like the firft, their maine ftalks grow many thicke 
and clofe together at the root, as the firft doth : the difference is inthe fathion of their leaves, ane 
manner of growing, and for diftingtions fake I hatie thus called them: 


2 Filix mas non ramofapinnulis latis denfis minutim deatatis. 


The leaues are of a yellowith greené colour on both fides, fet very thicke and ¢lofe tozether on 
the 


’ 


| 
i 


———— 


Of the Hultorie of Plants. Ie tena) | 
the nerue, that you cannot fee betweene them, with martuellous fmall nickes by their fices, and on 
their. round tops : each leafe hath alfo two rowes of dufty feed fcales ;the figures fet forth by Ze- | 
bel, Tabern. and Gerard, vnder the title of Filix mas,do well refemble this Ferne. This growes plen- 
tifully inmoft places in fhadowie woods and copfes. 

3 Filix mas non ramofa pinnulis anguflis, rarts, profunde dentatis. 

The leaues are of adeepe greene, not clofely fet together on the the nerue, but you may far off 
fee betwixt them,deeply indented by the fides, ending witha point not alrogether fharpe : each 
leafe hath alfo two rowes of dufty feed feales. I haue not feene any figure well refembling this 
plant. This groweth alfo in many places in the fhade. 


4 Filix mas non ramofa pinnulis latis anriculatis [pinofis. 


The leaues are of a deeper greene than either of the two laft defcribed, placed onthe nerve not 
very clofe together, but that you may plainly fee between them ; each Jeafe (efpecially thofe next 
the (talke) hauing on that fide fartheft off the ftalk a large eare or outgrowing ending with a fharp 
pricke like a haire,as doth alfo the top of the leafe: fome of the fides of the leaues are alfo nicked, 
ending with the like pricke or haire. Each leafe hath tworowes of dufty feed feales. This I take ta 
be Filix mas aculeata maior Banhini. Neither haue I feene any figure refembling this plant.It grow- 
eth abundantly on the fhadowie moift rockes by Maple-durham neere Peters-field in Hampfhire. 
John Goodyer. Tuly 4. 1633. £ 

2 The female Ferne hath neither floures nor feed, but one only ftalke, chamfered, fomething 
edged,hauing a pith within of diuers colours, the which being cut aflope,there appeareth a certain 
forme of a fpred-Eagle : about this ftand very many leaues which are winged,and like to the leaucs 
of the male Ferne, but lefler : the root is long and blacke, and creepeth in the ground, being now 
and thenan inch thicke, or fomewhat thinner. This isalfo ofa ftrong {mell,as is the male. 

g| The Place. 
Both the Fernes are delighted to grow in barren dry and defart places :and as Horace teftificth, 


Negleétis vrenda Filix innafcitur agris. 


Itcomes not vp in manured and dunged places, for if it be dunged (as Theophraftus,lib.8.cap.8. te- | 
porteth) itwithereth away. ; 

The male ioyeth in open and champion places, on mountaines and ftony grounds,as Diofcorides | 
faith. + It growes commonly in thadowie places vnder hedges, + 

The female is often found about the borders of fields vnder rhornes and in fhadowie woods. 

q The Time. 

Both thefe Fernes wither away inwinter : inthe {pring there grow forth new leaues,which con- 

tinue greene all Sommer long. 


@ The Names. 

The former is called in Greeke nee - Nicander in his difcourfe of Treacle nameth itaw&r: in La- | 
tine Filix mas : in Italian, Felce: in Spanith, Helecho, Falzvero,and Feyto : inhigh-Dutch,2@alve ° 
Frarte? in French, Fougere,or Feuchiere mafle : in low-Dutch, Waren Manneken ¢ in Englith, | 
male Ferne. 

The fecond kinde is called in Greeke snumtipie, that is, Filix famina, Or female Ferne: in Latine,as | 
Diofcorides noteth among the baftard names, Lingna cernina : in high-Dutch, waldt Fare toeis | 
blitt, and Brots Farngraut ¢ in low-Dutch, Waren noijfken: in French, Foxgere femelle « in Eng- | 
lith, Brake, common Ferne, and female Ferne. 

a The Temperature. 
Both the Fernes are hot, bitter,and dry, and fomething binding. 
@ The Vertues. 

The roots of the male Fernebeing taken to the weight of halfe an ounce, driueth forth long flat 
wormes out of the belly, as Déofcorides writeth, being drunke in Medeor honied water ; and more: 
effectually, if it be giuen with two fcruples or two third parts of a dram of Scamonie, or of blacke : 
Hellebor : they that will vfe it, faith he, muft firft eate Garlicke. After the fame manner, as Galen i 
addeth, itkilléth the childe inthe mothers wombe. Theroothereofis reported to be good for 
them that haue ill {pleenes :and being ftamped with fwines greafe and applied, it is a remedie a-- 
gainft the pricking of the reed : for proofe hereof, Diofcorides faith the Ferne dieth if the Reed be: 
planted about it ; and contrariwife, that the Reed dieth if itbe compaffed with Ferne :which is 5 
vaine to thinke, that it hapneth by any antipathie or naturall hatred, and not by reafon this Ferne : 
profpereth not in moift places, nor the Reed in dry. 

The female Ferne is of like operation with the former, as Galen faith. Diofcorides reports, That 
this bringeth barrenneffe, efpecially towomien, and that it caufeth women to be deliuered before ; 
their rime : he addeth, that the pouder hereof finely beaten is laid vpon old vicers,and healeth j 

f the ( 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. | 1031 


ithe galled neckes of oxen and other cattell : it is alfo reported, that the root of Ferne caft into an 
hogfhead of wine keepeth it from fouring. 

| The root ofthe male Ferhe fodden in Wine is goodagaintt the hardneffe and fLopping of the 
jmilt: and being boyled inwater, ftayeth the laske in yong children, if they be fet ouer the deco- 
| @ion thereof to eafe their bodies by aclofe ftoole. 


_— een 


Cras. 466. Of Water-Ferne, or Ofmund the water-man. 
! @ The Dofcription. 


V Ater Ferne hath a great triangled ftalke twocubits high, befet vpon each fide with large 
: leaues {pred abroad like wings,and dented or cut like Poly podie : thefe leaues are like the 
Jarge Ieaues of the Ath tree; for doubtleffe when I firft faw them afar off it caufedme to wonder 
thereat, thinking that I had feene yong Afhes growing vpon a bog ; but beholding it alittle nee- 
rer, I might eafily diftinguith it from the Ath, by the browne rough and round graines that grew 
i/on the top of the branches, which yet are not the feed thereof, butare very like vnto the feed. The 
‘Toot is great and thicke, folded and couered ouer with many feales and interlacing roots, hauing 
inthe middle of the great and hard wooddy part thereof {ome fmall whiteneffe, which hath beene 
| called the heart of o/mund the water-man. i 


Filix florida, fine 0 fiunda Regalis. 
Water Ferne, or Ofmund Royall. 


Samar ra. 


reqailes 


Fos The Place. 

Irgroweth in the midft ofa bog at the further end of Hampfted heath fon ee ne bor- 
tome ofa hill adioyning toa fimall cottage, and in divers other places, as alfo vpon ee OBBes 
ona heath or common neere vito Bruntwood in Effex, efpecially neere vnto a place there that 
fone haue digged, tothe end to finde aneftor mine of gold ; but the birds were ouer fledge , and 

Lanaybeiot i tdi ifully in both thefe places 
flowne away before their wings could be clipped. + Itdid grow plentifully in both thele places, 


cee tienen adn the q 
but of late iris all deftroyed inthe former, £ qt The 


Cc 


1132 


* Ty: 12 ro 
Ot the Hiftory o!- Plants. Lepr; 
> q| The Time. Peer 
It flourifherh in Sommer, as the former Fernes : the leaues decay in W inter: the root conninu- 
eth frefh and long lafting ; which being brought into the garden profperethas in his natine foile, 
as my felfe haue proued. 


@ The Names. | 
Itis called in Latine ofmunda: it ismore truly named Filix palufris, or aquatilss : fome terme it 
by the name of Filicaftrum : moft of the Alchimifts call it Lumaria maior : Valerius Cordus nameth 
it Filix latifolia : itis named inhigh-Dutch, @rofs Farn sin low- Dutch, rast Waren Wilt Uae 
rett s in Englith, Water-Ferne, Ofmund the Water-man : of fome, Saint Chriltophers herbe,and 
Ofmund. \ 
9 The Temperature. 
The root of this alfo is hot and dry,but leffe than they of the former ones. 


a The Vertues. . 

The root, and efpecially the heart or middle part thereof boiléd or clfe ftamped,and taken with 
fome kinde of liquor, is thought to be good for thofe that are wounded, dry-beaten, and bruifed ; 
that haue fallen from fome high place : and for the fame caufe the Empericks do put it in decodti- 
ons, which the later Phyfitians do eal! wound-drinks : fome take it robe fo effectual, and of fo 
great a vertue,as that itcan diffolue cluttered bloud remaining in any inward part of the body,and 
that it alfo can expell or driue it out by thewound. 

The tender fprigs thereof at their firft comming forth are excellent good vnto the purpofes a- 
forefaid, and are good to be put into balmes, oyles, and confélidatiues, or healing plaifters, and 
into vnguents appropriate vnto wounds, pun@ures, and fuch like, 


Cuar.467; Of Polypodie or wall-Ferne. 


I Polypodium. 2 Polypodinm qucrcinuws, 
Wall Ferne, or Polypodie ofthe wall. } Polypodie of the Oke, 
op mbroltwm ee i OUR 


a 


Lie. 2 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


| £ g Polypodinm I ndicum. ay 
ndian Polypody. €| The Defcription. 


I Tk Ieaues of Polypodie might be 
thought to be like thofe of male 
Ferne, but that they are far Jeffer,and not nic- 
ked at all in the edges:thefe do prefently {pring 
vp from the roots,being cut on both the edges 
with many deepe gathes,euen hard to the mid - 
dle rib ; on the vpper fide they are {mooth, on 
the nether fide they are lightly powdred as it 
wete with dufty markes : the root is long, not a 
finger thick,creeping aflope,on which are feen 
certaine little buttons like to thofe pits and 
dents that appeare in the tailes of curtle fithes: 
this hath in it acertaine fweetneffe.with a tafte 
fomething harth : this kinde of Ferne likewife 
wanteth not onely floures and feed, but ftalkes 
alfo, 

2 -Polypodieofthe Oke is much likeyn- 
tothat of the wall, yet the leaues of it are more 
finely cut, fmooth on the vpper fide, of a pale 
green color,together with the ftalkes and mid- 
dleribs ; on the nether fide rough like thofe of 
‘Ferne : this Ferne alfo liueth without a ftalke: 
it groweth without feed :the root hath many 
ftrings faftned to it,one folded within another, 
ofa meane bigneffe, and {weet in tafte: it fen- 
deth: forth heere and there new dodkins or 
fprings, whereby it increafeth. 

3 Clu(ius in his Exotickes, lib. 4, Cape 
17. giues vs the Hiftory of an Indian Ferne or 
| Polypody found amongft the papers of one D', Nicholas Coliea Dutch Phyfitian, who died in his 
| returne from the Eaft-Indies. ‘The root of it was fix inches long;and almoft one thicke,of the fame 
| fhape and colour as the ordinarie one is:from this came vp three leaues,of which the third was lef- 
fer than the other two, the two larger were eleuen inches long, and their breadth from the mid- 
dlerib (which was very large) was oneach fide almoft fiue inches ; the edges were divided almoft 
likean Okenfeafe: from the middle rib came other veines that ranto the ends of the diuifions, 
and betweene thefe be {maller veines varioufly diuaricated and netted, which made the leafe thew 
| prettily. Thecolour of it was like that ofa dry okenleafe. Where D'. Colfe gathered this it was 
| vacertaine, for he had leftnorhing inwriting. ¢ 

qq The Place. 

Itgroweth on the bodies of old rotten trees, and alfo vpon old walls, and the tops of houfes : it 
is likewife found among rubbith neere the bordérs of fields, efpecially vnder trees and thornes,and 
now and then in woods : and in fome places it groweth ranke and with a broader Ieafe,in others 
not foranke, and with a narrower leafe. 

That which groweth on the bodies of old Okes is preferred before the reft,in ftead of this moft 
do vfe that which is found ynder the Okes,which for all that is not to be termed Quercinum,or Po- 
lypodie of the Oke. 


1133 


‘ @ The Time. : 
Polypody is greene all theyeere long,and may be gathered at any time ; it bringeth forth new 
leaues inthe firft (pring. 
G The Names, ge ie 
The Grecians eal] it wae, of the holes ofthe fithes Polypi, appearing in the roots : it is called 
‘in Latine, Polypodinm, after the Greeke name, and many times Filicula, as though they fhould fay 
Parwa Filix, or little Ferne : the Italians name it Polipodio : the Spaniards, Filipodio,and Polypodio . 
in high Dutch, Engelfuts, Saumfarn, Drop oourts: in low Dutch, Booms Pavers : in French, 
Polypode « and we of England ,Poiypodie : that which groweth vpon the wall we call Polypodie of 
the wall,and that onthe Oke,Polypodie of the Oke. 
@ The Temperature. 

Polypodie doth dry, but yet without biting as Gales writeth, ; 
a Cccce q rhe 


134 Ofte Hiftory of Plants. 


Lires ae 


q The Fertues. + 


A _ Diofcorides wtiteth that it is of power to purge and to draw forth choler and flegme, 4éfuarius 
addeth,that it likewife purgeth melancholy : other fuppofe it to be without any purging force at 
all;or elfe to haue very little : of the fame minde is alfo Johannes Monardus,who thinketh it purgeth 
very gently . which thing is confirmed by Experience, the miftris of things. For invery deed Po. 
lypody of it felfe dorh not purge atall, but onely feructh a little to make the belly foluble, being 
boiled in the broth of anold cocke,with Beetes or Mallowes, or other like things that mooue to 

i) the ftoole by their flipperines. Joaunes Mefwe reckoneth vp Polypodie among thofe things that 
do efpecially dry and make thin: peraduenture he had refpeé to a certaine kinde of Arthritis, or 
ache in the joints :in which not one only part of the body,but many together moft commonly are 
touched : for which it is very much commended by the Brabanders and other inhabitants about 
the ritier Rhene,and the Maze. In this kinde of difeafe the hands, the feet, and the joints of the 
 * knees and elbowes do fwell. There is joined withall a feeblenesin moouing through the extremit 

| of the paine:fometimes the vpper parts are leffe grieued,and the lower more. The humors do alfo 

eafily run from one place to another, and then fettle. Againft this difeafe the Geldres and Cleue- 
landers do vfethe deco&tion of Polypodie, whereby they hope that the fuperfluous humours ma 
be wafted and dried vp, and that not by and by, but in continuance of time: for they appoint that 
this decoction fhould be taken for certaine daies together. 

B__ But this kinde of gout is fooner taken away either by bloud letting, or by purgations, or by 
both, and afterwards by fweate ; neither is it hard to be cured if thefe generall remedies be vied in 
time : for the humors do not remaine fixed in thofe joints, but are rather gathered together than 
fettled about them. 

C Therefore the body muft out ofhandbe purged, and then that which remaineth is tobe wa- 
fted and confumed away by fuch things as proctre fweate, 

D Furthermore, Déofcorides faith, that the root of Polypody is very good for members out of 
joint, and for chaps betweene the fingers. 

E The root of Polypodic boiled with a little honic, water, and pepper,and the quantitie of an 
ounce giuen,empricth the belly of cholericke and pituitous humours ; fome boile it in water 
and wine, and gine thereof to the quantitie of three ounces ‘for fome purpofes with good fuc. 
cefle. 


Cuap. 468. Of Oke-Ferne. 


; t Vr Author here (as in many other places) knit knots, fomewhat intricate to loofe, 

, O for firft he confounds in the names and nature the Polypody of the Oke, or leffer Po- 

lypodie with the Dryopteris,or Oke-Ferne ; but that I haue new put backe to the former chapter, 

his fit place ; then in the fecond place did he giue the Defcription of the Dryopteris of the 4d- 

shitd nerf, taken from thence, pag. 363. Then were the place, times, names, &c. taken out of the 

chapter of Dryopterts Candida of Dodoneus, being, Pempt. 3. lib. 5. cap. 4. But the figure was of the 

Filicula famina petrea 4.0f Tabernamontanus. Now Iwillin this chapter giue you the Dryopterts of 

the Aduerfaria, then that of Dodoneus, and thirdly that of Tragus ; for I take them to be different ; 
and this laft to bethat figured by our Author,out of Labernamontanus, + 


q The Defcription. 


I His kinde of Fernecalled Dryopteris,or Filix querna, hath leaues like vnto the female 
hig Ferne before fpoken of, but much leffer, {maller, and more finely cut or jagged, and 
Ae is not abotie a foothigh, being a very {lender and delicate tenderherbe, The leaues 
cea it an are fo finely jagged that in thew they refemble feathers, fet round about a finall rib or finew s 
bp aft the backe fide being fprinckled, not with ruffet or browne markes or {pecks,as the other Fernes 
are, but as it were painted with white {pots or markes,not {tanding out of the leaues in fcales,as 
the {pots in the male Ferne, but they are double in each leafe clofe vnto the middle rib or finew. 
The root is long, browne, and fomewhat halry,very like vnto Polypody,but much flenderer, ofa 
fharpe and cautticke tatte. + Roxdeletins affirmed that he found the vfe of this deadly, being put 
into medicines in ftcad of Polypody by the ignorance of fome Apothecaries in Dauphenye in 
France. M°. Goodyer hath fentme an acurate defcription together with a plant of this Ferne which 
haue thought good here alfo to fet forth, + i 


| Dryopteris | 


Lis. 2. : Of the Hiftory of Plants. Sere 1135 


$ Dryopteris Aducrf: 
- True Oke Fernes 


t 2 Dryopteris alba Dod. £3 Dryopterss Tragi. 


White Oke-Ferne. : Tree Ferne. 
oy bod wn Catton 


Dryopteris Pena Gy Lobelij F 


part thereof, and fold among ft 
raw.and about fiue, fix, or fe- 
inclining to fweetneffe, 
The ftalkes 
rding tothe length and encreafe 
fants haue fourteene 


The roots creepe in the ground or mire, neete the turfe or vpper 
themfelues, as the roots of Polypodinm do, almoft as big as a wheat ft 
uen inches long, cole blacke without, and white within, ofa binding ta‘te 
with an innumerable companie of fmall blacke fibres like haires growing thereunto. 
{pring from the roots in feuerall places, innu mbér variable, acco 
of the root ; I have feene {mall ptants have bit one or two, and fome bigger p 
or fifteene : they haue but a two-fold diuifion, the ftalke growing from the root,and the nerue bea- 
ting the feaues : the ftalke is about fue,fix,or feuen inches long, no bigger thata bennet or fmall 
graffe fhalke, one fide flar,as are the male Fernes, the'reft round, {mooth, and green. THe firlt paire 
Of teres stow avout three inches from theroot, and fo doall the reft grow by couples, almot ex- 
actly one a sain another, innumberaboat eight, nineyot ten couples,the loageft feldo me EXcee- 
ding an inch in length. The leaues grow oa thofe nerues alfo by couples, eightor nine cou yes on 
anerde, without any aicxes or indeatures, ofa yellowish greene colour, ‘This Ferme may be faid 
are as Ccece 4 9 


oe el 


1135 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lensiah 


tobe like Polypodium in his creeping root, like the male Ferne in his ftalke, and like the female 
Ferne in his nerues and leaues. I could finde no feed-fcales on the backefides of any of the leaues 
ofthis Ferne. Many yeares paft I found this {ame inavery wet moore or bog, being the land of 
Richard Auften,called VVhitrow Moore, where Peate is now digged,a mile from Peters-field in 
Hamphhire ; and this fixth of Iuly, 1 633, I digged vp there many plants, and by them made this 
defcription. I neuer found it growing in any other place : the leaues perifh at Winter , and grow 
vpagaine very late inthe Spring. Jo#2 Goodyer. luly 6. 1633. 

2 Dodoneus thus defcribes his : Dryopteris (faith he) doth well refemble the male Ferne, but 
the leaues are much fimaller, and more finely cut, {mooth on the forefaid, and ofa yellowith green 
together with the ftalkes and middle nerues ; on the backe it is rough as other Fernes, and alfo li- 
ueth without ftalke or feed. The root confifts of fibres intricately folded together, of an indiffe. 
rent thicknefle, here and there putting vp new buds. This is the Adianthum of the Udduer(: who 
aftirme the vfe thereof to be fafe, and not pernitious and deleterie, as that of Dryopters.It thus dif. 
fers from the former ; the leaues of this are not fet direély one oppofite to another,the diuifions of 
the leaues are larger and more diuided. The root is more threddy, and creepes not fo much as that 
of the former. 

This (which is Clufius his Filix pumila faxatilis aie igh I takeso be the Dyyopterss or 
Filixe arborea of Tragus ) hathblacke flender long creeping rOOtsyity Fowniila llshardedhelQBMRb es 
faftned tothem, of avery aftringent tafte : from thefe rife vp fundry ftalkes a foot high,diuided in- 
ro certaine branches of winged leaues, liketo thofe of the female Ferne,but much lefle, tenderer 
and finer cut, and hauing many blackith {pots on their lower fides, This differs from the two for- 
mer, in that the leaues arebranched , which isa chiefe difference ; and Bawhinus did very well ob- 
ferue it, ifhe had as well followed it, when he diuided Filix into ramofa & nonramofa, t j 

q The Place. 

It is oftentimes found in funny places, in the vallies of mountains and little hils,and in the tops 
of the trunks of trees in thicke woods, : 
| The Time, 

The Ieaues hereof perifh in Winter ; in the Spring new come forth. 

; q The Names. 

This iscalled in Greeke sewzpic: in Latine, Querna Filix : Oribafius in his eleuenth book of phy- 
ficall ColleGtions calleth it Bryopter#s, of the moffe with which it is found ; for, as Dsofcorides wri- 
teth, it groweth inthe mofle of Okes. The Apothecaries in times paft mifcalled it by the name 
of Adiantum : but they didworfe in putting itin compound medicines in ftead of 4diantum. 
Valerius Cordus calleth it Ptevidion : in low- Dutch, Ctjcken bare: the Spaniards, Helechode Ro- 
ble : it isnamed in Englifh, Oke-Ferne, Petty-Ferne ; and it may moft fitly be called Moffe- 
Ferne. 

@] The Temperature and Vertues. 


Oke-Ferne hath many taftes, it is fweet, biting,and bitter, it hath in the root a harfh or choking 
tafte,and a mortifying qualitie, and therefore it taketh away haires. Diofcorides {aith further,that 
Oke-Ferne ftamped roots and all is a remedie to root vp haires, ifit be applied tothe body after 
fweating, the fweat being wiped away, 


Cuar. 46q: Of blacke Oke-Ferne. 
@ The Defcription. 


i Here is alfo a certaine other kinde of Ferne like to the former Oke~Ferne of Doaoneus 
__ his defeription, but the ftalkes and ribs of the leaues are blackifh, and the leaues ofa 
evi deeper greene colour : this groweth out alfo immediately from the root, and is like- 
wife diuerfly, but not fo finely indented: the root is made vp of many ftrings, aot vnlike to the » 
male Ferne, but much leffer. 
2 Theiemaleblacke Ferneis like vato the male, fauing his leaues are not fo fharpe at the 


points, more white and broad than the male, wherein confifteth the difference. 


@| The Place. 


They grow likewife vpon tress in fhadowie woods, and now and then in fhadowie fandy banks, , 
and vnder hedges, r ; 


a The | 


1. Onopterts was; * q The Time, 

The maleblacke Ferne,, k Ravens ary 

(beni wen Wan They remaine greene all the yedre Jong, 

} otherwifethan Polypodie & Maidens haire 

do ; yetdo they not ceafe to bring forth new 

leaues in Summer: they ate deftitute of 
floures and feed, as is the former, 

The Names. 

This is called ofdiuers of the later Herba- 
rifts, Dryopteris nigra, or blacxe Oke-Ferne, 
ofthe likeneffe that it hath with Dryopteris 5 
which we haue called in Englifh,Oke-Ferne, 
or moffe Ferne : of others, Adiantum nigrum, 
or blacke Maidens haire, that it may differ 
from the former,which is falfly called 2 d/- 
antum. There are of the later Herbarifts who 
would haue it to be Lonchitis afpera, or rough 
Spleen-wort ; but what likeneffe hath it with 
the leaues of Scolopendrium ? none at all:ther- 

fore it is hot Lonchitis afpera, much lefle 4d;.. 
antum Pliny, which differeth not from 4d 
antune T heophrafts.,, for what he hath of C4di- 
antum, the fame hetaketh out of Theophra. 
fius : the right ad:antum we will defcribe 
hereafter.) Notwithftanding blacke Oke= 
Ferne was vfed of diners vnlearned ‘A pothe- 
caries Of France and Germany for Adiantum, 
or Maiden-haire of Lumbardy : bur thefe 
mendiderre in doing fo; yet nat fo much as 
they who take Polypodie of the Oke for the 
true Maiden-haire, 


Lied Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ii 1137 


eZ 
Woh 


«| The Temperature and V ertues, i 
The blacke Oke-Ferne hath no ftipticke qualitie at all, but is like in facultie to Trichomanes, or 
Englith Maidenshaire. 


) Cuar. 470. Of Harts:tongue. 


q The Defcription, 
T| T Hecommonkinde of Harts-tongue, called Phylliti,that is to fay, a plant confifting on- 
ly of leaues, bearing neither ftalke, floure, nor feed, refembling in thew along tongue, 
whereof ithath.been and is called in fhops Lingua cernina, that 1s, Harts tongue: thefe leaues are a 
foot long, fmooth and plaine vpon one fide, but vpon that fide next the ground ftraked ouerthwart 
withcertainelone rough markes like fimall wormes, hanging onthe backfide thereof. The root is 
blacke, haity, and twifted, or fo growing as though it were wound together. 

2 The otherkind of Ferne, called Phyllitis multifida, or Laciniata, thavis,iagged Harts tongue, 
is very like vnto the former, fauing that the léaues thereof are cut or iagged like a mans hand,or the 
palme and browantles ofa Deare, bearing neither ftalke,floure,nor feed. 

3, There isanother kinde of Harts-tongue called Hemisnity,which hath bred fome controuer- 
fieamong writers : for fome haue tooke it fora kinde of Harts-tongue, as it is indeed ; others de- 
{eribe it as a-proper plant by it felfe, called Hemionitis,of spins, that is, Mulw,a Mule,becaufe Mules 
do delight to feed thereon: itis barren in feeds, ftalkes, and floures, and in fhape it agreeth very 
well with our Harts-tongue : the roots are compa& of many blackith haires : the leaues are {pot- 
ted on the backfide like the common Harts-tongue, and differ in that, char this Hemioniti in the 
bafe or loweft parts of the leaues is arched after the manner ofa new Moone, ora forked arrow,the 
yongeft and fmalleft leaues being like vnto the great Binde-weed, called Volubilis. 

4 Thereisakinde of Fernecalled likewife Hemionitis fterilis, which is a very {mall and bafe 
herbe not abouea finger high, hauing foure or fiue {mall leaues of the fame fubftance and colour, 

{potted on the backe part, and in tafte like Harts-tongue , but the leaues beare the fhape of them 
of Totabona,or good Henry, which many ofour Apothecaries do abufiuely take for Mercurie: The 
roots are very many, {mooth,blacke,and threddie,bearing neither ftalke,floure,nor feed : this plant 
; Cedceey my 


Hiftory of Plants. 


Of theE 


1138 


——ees 


2 Phylliiis multifida. 


Finger Harts-tongue, 


I Phyllitis. 
y Harts-toneue. 


t 


tla ye 


ts) 
y- 


Mit 


Cetohen 


ra) 
re 


inne oa 


3 
35 
sei 
= 8 
23 
&§s 
Bo 
wo 
T¢8 
VY) 
oO 
qd 
a 
u 
ary 
uU 
et 
(e} 
3 
6 


£ 9 Hemionitis maior. 


Mules Ferne, 


<\ 


> 
WS 


) Lis.2. Of the Hiftory of Plants: “1139 


my very eh friend M*, Nicholas Belfon found 
; j cunionitis pericriba. eee ina gtauelly lane in the way leading to Oxe 

nd Hee £ Fete parke neere vndeon Witatfend, fifceune dies fom 
London : it growes likewife on the ftone walls 
of Hampton Court, in the garden of Mr". ‘Hays 
gens, keeper of the faid houfe or pallace. 

5 There isakinde of Ferne called allo He. 
mionités,but with this addition Peregrina, that is 
very feldome found,and hath leaues very like to 
Harts-tonguebut that it is palmed or branched 
in the part next the ground,almoft in manner of 
the fecond Phylitis, at the top ofthe leaues ; o- 

therwife they refemble one another in nature 
and forme. 
@ The Place. 

Thecommon Harts-tongue growerth by the 
waies fides as you trauell from. London to Ex- 
ceterin great plenty, in fhadowie places, and 
moift ftonie vallies and wels, and is much plan- 
ted in gardens. 

The fecond J found in the garden of Mafter 
Cranwich a Chirurgion dwelling at Mitch-dun- 
mow in Effex, who gaue mea plant for my gar. 
den. 

+ M’.Goodyer found it wilde in the banks of 
a lane neere Swaneling, not many miles from 
Southampton. ¢ 

It groweth vpon Ingleborough hils, and di- 
uers other mountains of the Narth of England: 

@ The Time. 
| _ Itisgreene all the yeare long, yet leflé greene in winter: in Sommer it now and then bringeth 
| forth new leaues. 


; @ The Names. 
Iris called in Greeke emi - in Latine alfo PAyllitis : in thops,Lingwaceruiva: and falfely Scale. 
| pendria,for it ditfereth much from the right S colopendria,or Stone erne it is called in high Dutch, 
| Birlsong : in low Dutch, Herftonge : in Spanith, Lengua cerwina» in French, Langue de Cerf: in 
| Engli(h,Harts-tongue : of fome,Stone Harts-tongue : Apuleivs in his 83, Chapter nameth it Es- 
| diolus. 
| gq The Temperature, 
Itis ofabihding and drying facultie. 
q The Vertues. 
This common Harts-tongue is commended againft the laske and bloudy flix : Dioftarides tea- g) 
cheth, that being drunke in wine it isa remedic againft the bitings of ferpents, _ ; 
It doth open the hardneffe and flopping of the fpleen and liuer,and all other griefes proceeding » 
of oppilations or toppings whatfocuer. 


Cuar.471. Of Spleene-woort,or Milt-wafles 


G The Defiription. 


I Pleene-woort being that kinde of Ferne called A/pleninm or Ceterach,and the true Scalopen- 
dria,hath leaues a fpan long, iagged or cut vpon both fides,cuen hard to the middle ribbe, 
euery cut or incifure being as irwere cut halfe round (whereby it is knowne from the 

rough Spleene-woort)not one cut right againft another,but one befides the other, fer in feuerall 
order,being flipperie and greene on the vpper fide, foft and downievnderneath 3 which when they 
be withered are folded vp together like a {crole,and hairie without, much like to the rough Beare- 
wormewherewith men bait their hookes to catch fith: the root is {mall,blacke,and rough, much 
platted or interlaced,hauing yeither ftalke, floure,nor feeds. 


ot 
3 Rough 


Lonchitis Marantha. 
Baftard Spleene-woort. 


T 4 


2 Lonchitis afperae 
Rough $pleenewoprt. 
Voloch mur? P Py Ba 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


Sat SZ 
5 sit = 
YQ rie 2 
& ESS x 
= SES =A 
7m &G x SSF = 
Sy Sat OL 
tw [Se S35 BWViasy 
4 = & WS Oy x 
| 88 a2) 
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883 Sp § 
ts 2 = 6 3 
gg = s si 
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= ake 2/2 
San) . moze 
[Sas os 
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i | 


Pius Be 2. eT On the Hiftroy of Plants, B36 qt 


‘| 2 Rough Spleenewoort is partly likethe other Fernes in fhew, and bearethneither ftalke nor 
feed ,hauing narrow leaues a foot long,and fomewhat longer, flafhed on the edges euen to the mid« 
9 dle rib, fmooth on the vpper fide,and ofa fwart greene colour, vnderneath rough, as is the leaues of 
) Polypodie : the root is blacke, and fet with a number of flenderftrings. 
a: This greater ‘Spleenwoort hath leaues like Ceterach,ofa {panne long,fomewhat refem- 
i bling thofe of Polypodie, but that they are more diuided, fnipt about the edges,and fharpe poin- 
i ted : the root is fibrous and ftringie, This growes on the rockes and mountainous places of Italy, 
jand is the Lonchitis alperamaior of Matthiolus and others. t 

4 This kinde of Spleenewoort is not onely barrenof ftalks and feeds, but alfo of thofe fpors 
f and marks wherewith the others are {potted : the leanesate few in number, growing pyramidis or 
9 fLeeplewife, great and broad below,and fharper toward the top by degrees : the root is thick, black, 
f and bufhie, as it were a Crowes neft. 


q The Place. 

) _ Ceterach groweth vpon old ftone walls and rockes, in darke and fhadowie places throughout the 

|) Weft part of England ; efpecially vpon the ftone walls by Briftow,as you go to Saint Vincents 

Rocke, and likewife about Bathe, VVells, and Salisburie , where I haue feene great plentie 

) thereof. 

| Therough Spleenwoort groweth vpon barren heaths,drie fandie bankes,and fhadowie places in 
moft parts of England, but efpecially ona heath by London called Hampftead heath, where it 

groweth in great abundance. 

The Names. 

Spleene-woort or Milt-watte is called in Greeke,zerinn: in Latine likewife, A/plenium, andalfo 
Scolopendria: of GaXa, Mula herba : in fhops, Ceterach : inhigh Dutch, Stepufarn sin low Dutch, 
Dtevnuaren,and Milecrupe : in Eng!ith,Spleenwoort, Miltwafte, Scaleferne,and Stoneferne: it 
| iscalled A/plenion, becaufe it is fpeciall good againft the infirmities of the Spleene or Milt, and 
Scolopendria,of the likeneffe that it hath with the Beare-worme, before remembred. 

Rough Miltwafte is called of diuers of the later writers A/pleninm (ylueftre,or wilde Spleenwoort : 
of fome, 4/plenium magnum, orgreat Spleene-woort: Valerius Cordus calleth it Strutiopterés:and Di-~ 
ofcorides,Lonchitis afpera,or rough Spleene-woort : in Latine according to the fame Authour, Lon- 
gina,and Calabrina : in Englith,tough Spleen-woyt,or Miltwaftes 


| 
| The Temperature. 


Thefe plants are of thin parts, as Galen witneffeth,yet are they nothot, but ina meane, 
q The Vertues. 


Diofcorides teacheth,that the leaues boiled in wine and drunk by the {pace of forty daies,dotake A 
away infirmities of the {pleen;help the ftrangurie, and yellow iaundice,caufethe ftone intheblad- — 
der to moulder nnd paffe away,all which are performed by fuch things asbeof thinne and fubtill 
parts:he addeth likewife that they ftay the hicket,or yeoxing, and alfo hinder conception, either in- 
wardly taken,or hanged about the partie,and therefore, faith P/my,Spleenewoort is not to be giuen 
towomen,becaufe it bringeth barrenneffe. 

There be Empericks or blinde praGtitioners of this age,who teach, that with this herbe notone- B 
_ lythehardneffe and fwelling ofthe Spleene, but all infirmities of the liner alfo may beeffe@tual- ~ 
ly, and in very fhort time remooued, infomuch that the fodden liuer of a beaft isreftored to his 
pe conftitution againe,that is,made like vnto a raw liuer, ifitbee boyled againe with this 
herbe. 

But this isto be reckoned among the old wiues fables, and that alfo which Dioftorides tellethof, C 
touching the gathering of Spleenewoort in the night,and other moft vaine things,which are found 
here and there feattered in old books : from which moft of the later Writers donot abftaine, who 
many times fillvp their pages with lies and friuolous toies,and by fo doing do nota little deceiue 
yong ftudents. 


¥ Formerly wnder the title of Conchith Marne was put the figurenow inthe third place,and che figure which fhould haucbeene there,wasin the third place 


ofehenext Ghapter,vader the title of Filictls petrea mas. 4 


Cuars 


142 Of the Hiftory o! Plants. Lis. 2; 


Cuar. 472. Of diners {mall Fernes. 
q The Defcription. 


3 His {mall or dwarfe Ferne,which is feldome found except in the banks of flony foun. . 
taines, wells,and rockes bordering vpon riuers, is very like vntothe common Brakes 
in leaues, but altogether lefler: the root is compofed of a bundle of blacke threddie - 

ftrings. be | 

2 The female,which is found likewife by running ftreames,wells,and fountaines,ypon tockes, | 

and ftonie places, is like the precedent,but isa great deale fmaller,blacker of colour, fewer sootes, 
and fhorter. 


x Filiculafontanamas. 3 Filicula petraamas. 
The male fountaine Ferne, The male dwarfe ftone Ferne, 


Wh 


_ 3 The male dwarfe Ferne that groweth vpon the ftonie mountaines ofthe North and Weft! 
parts of England, efpecially toward the fea,and alfo in the joints of {tone walls among the mortery 
hath fmall leaues deepely cut on both fides, like vnto Ceterach or Spleene-woort, barren bork of 
feeds and ftalks,as alfo of thofe {pots or markes that are to be feene vpon the backe part of the o-) 
ther Fernes : the root creepeth along, fet with {ome few hairie ftrings,refembling thofe of the Oke 
Ferne, called Dryopteris. , 

4 The female ftone Ferne hath diuers long leaues rifing froma threddy root,contrarie to that 
ofthe male,compofed of many fmal! leaves finely minced or cut like the teeth ofa faw, of awhi- 
tifh green colour,withour any fpots or marks atall,feeds or ftalks, which groweth vnder fhadowig 
rocks,and crag gic mountaines in moft places. $ Froma {mall root compofed of many blacke; 
hairie,and intricately folding ftrings,come vp many leaues two o1 three inches high, ftiffe,thicke, 
darke greene,and fhining : in the diuifion,growth,pofition,fhape and tafte, it refembles the male 
Ferne,and hath alforuitie {pots on the backe: the middle ribbe and ftalkc is of a fhining brows 

nifl 


| 


| 
| 


| Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory ot Plants: 1143 


D) Filiculapetraafamina, five Chamafilix marina nifh filken colour: it growes inthechinkes 
ihe female dwarfe ftone Ferne. (—4nglica. of therockes by the Sea fide in Cornewall. 
aH borinyr, Marcnum- q The Place. 
The place is furfficiently touched in the de- 
) feription. 


q| The Time. 

They flourifh both Winterand Sommer, 
for when the leaues wither by reafon of age, 
there arife young to fupplie the place, fo that 
they arenot tobe feene without greene and 
withered leaues both at once. 


_ @& The Names. 

Tt fufficeth what hath bin faid of the names 
intheir feuerall titles: notwithftanding the 
Jatt de{cribed we haue called Chamefilix mari- 
na Anglica : which groweth vpon the rockie 
cliffe neere Harwich,as alfoat Douer, among 
the Sampire that there groweth. 


| The Temperature and Vertues. 

Their temperature and faculties inworking A’ 

are referred vnto the kindes of blacke Oke 
Fernes,called Dryopteris,and Onopterss. 


- Fa this chapre by his figures and deferiptions, wherefore 1 haue left his de(criptions as I found them: the fecond f 
a wih nT iiee ened occhechcd: nich was of the Loxchitis Waranthe, mentioned in the foregoing chapter,I haueput Clufius his fix 
pureof his Filixe axatilis 2.which growes in fuch places, and reafonable well fits our Authors de(cription:in the fourth place Lhaue pur LobbellsChamafilix marine 


Anglicayand his defeription,whch our Auithor,as I iudge, incended in that placeto kauc giuien vse 


Cuar. 473: Of true Maiden-haire. 


@ The Kindes. f ; 
ele and Pliny haue fet downe two Maiden-haires, the blacke and the white; whereunto; 
may be added another called Ruta muraria , orwall Ruc,equall to the others in facultie, where- 


of wewillintreat. 
q T he Defcription. 


I Capillus Venerts ver us. 


_ True Maiden-haire. ; 
i dongs pie BF Xk eile i V Hofo will follow the variable opini- 
wy 


ons of writers concerning the Ferne 

called Adianthum verum, ox Capillue 
ener verus; mutt of neceffitie be brought into a la- 
byrinth of doubts, confidering the diners opinions 
thercof:but this 1 know that Venus-haire,or Maiden. 
haire, isa low herb growing an hand high, {mooth,of 
adarke crimfon colour, and glittering withall : the 


leaues be fmal,cut in funder,and nicked in the edges 
fomething like thofe of Coriander, confufedly or 
without order placed,the middle rib whereof is ofa 
blacke fhining colour : the root confifteth of manie 
{mall threddic ftrings. 
2 This Affyrian Maiden-hairc is likewife a bafe 
ey PANS or low herbe,hauing leaues, flat, fmooth, and plaine; 
sé ai) NN fe vpon a blackith middle rib, like vnto that of the 
esta other Maiden-baire, cut or notched in the edges, na- 
ture keeping nocertaine forme,but making one leafe of this fafhion,and another far different from 
it: the root is toughand threddie. 

3 This plane which we hauc inferted among the Adianthes asa kinde thereof, may without 
ertour (0 paffe,which is in great requeft in Flanders and Germanie,where the practitioners in Phy- 
ficke do vie the fame in ftead of Capillus Yenerisand with better fucceffe than any of the Capillare 

iH herbs, 


\ 


344 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis.2. 


herbs,although cazatthiolws and Diofcorides himfel fe hath made this wall Ructobea kinde Of Parons, 
nychia,or Nailewoort:notwithftanding the Germanes wil not leaue the vfe thereof;but receiue itas 3 
the true Adianth,efteeming it equal,if not far better,than either.Gererach, Gapillus Vener is veris SOE ° 
Tricomanes,called alfo Polytrichon : it bringeth forth very many leaues, round and flender, cut into 
two or three parts,very hard in handling, {mooth and greene on the outfide,ofan ill fauoured dead 
colour vnderneath,fet with little fine fpots,which euidently fheweth it tobe akinde of Ferne: the | 
root is blacke and full of firings, ) 


2 Capillus V eneris Syriaca. 3 Rutamuraria, five Salniavite, 
Affyrian Maiden-haire. Wall Rue,or Rue Maiden-haire, 5 
: AS p le mM LUWD OR tal ~Mur BA“he 


ee ee ee a a ae 


ra rn rer 


) 
I 
b 
4 
i} 
\ 
i 


@ The Place. 
The right Maiden-haire groweth vpon walls, in ftonie, fhadowie,and moift places, neere vnto 
| fountaines,and where water droppeth : it isa ftranger in England: notwithftanding I haue heard it 
; had reported by fome of good credit, that it groweth in diuers places of the Weft countrey of Eng- 
land. 
The A ffyrian Maiden-haire taketh his furname of his natiue countrey A flyria,it is a ftranger in 
j i Europe. 
Stone Rue groweth vpon old walls neere vnto waters,wells,and fountaines : I found it vpon the 
| wall of the churchyard of Dartford in Kent, hard by the riuer fide where people ride through, and 
alfo vpon thewalls of the Churchyard of Sittingburne in the fame Countic, in the middle ofthe 
towne hard by a great lake of water,and alfo vpon the Church walls of Railey in Effex, and diuers 
} other places, 
} «| The Time, 
i ants are greene both winter and fommer,and yet haue neither floures nor feed. 
; q The Names. 
j Maiden-haire is called in Greek andr: Theophrastus and Pliny name it Adiantum nigrum,ot black 
Maiden-haire : for they fer downe two Maiden-haires, the blackeand the white, making this the 
blacke,and the Rue of the wall the white:it is called in Latine Polytrichum,Callitvichum, Cincinalis, 
Terre Capillus,Supercilinms terre:of Apuleius, apillus Venerss,Capillaris Crinita: & of divers sCoriandrum 


cpethe name Capillus Veneris : in Englith, blacke Maiden haire,and Venus 
haire, and it may be called our Ladies haire. 


j Thefe p] 


ee Se 


4 
{ 

patie! ¢tr) pute? : the Italians k 
; 4 
t 
‘ 


Ir ; 


} —--____--— —_- rn 


Lip 2. Of the Hiftroy of Plants. 1145 


Iviscalled Adianton becaufethe leafe,as Theophra/fws faith, is never wer, for it cafteth of water 
thar falleth thereon, or being drowned or couered in water, it remaineth ftill as if ic were dry. as 
Pliay \ikewife writeth ; and istermed Callitricon and Polytricon, of the effec it hath in dying haire, 


} and maketh it to grow thicke. 


VVall Rue is commonly called in Latine, Ruta murariajor Ruta muralis:offome, Salvia vite,buk 
wherefore I know not, neither themfelues, if they were liuing + of the Aporhecaries of the Low= 
Countries Capillus Venerisjor Maiden haire, and they haue vfed italong time for the right Maiden 


| haire ; ic is that kinde of Adsantum which Theophraffus termed Adiantum Candidum,ox white Maiden 


haire, for he maketh two,one blacke, and the other white, as we haue faid. Pliny doth likew ife fet 
downe two kindes,one he calleth Polytrscon;the other, ricomanes,or Eng lifh Maiden-haire,whereof 
we will intreate in the chapter following, which he hath falfely fet downe for a kinde of Adiantun, 


| for Tricomances doth differ from SA¢dzantum. 


Some there be that thinke,Wall-Rue is Paronychia Diofioridis,or Diofcorides his VV hitlow-wort, 
wherein they haue been greatly deceiued: itis called in high Dutch, Maurraniensin low Dutch, 
SHteeucenpt jin French, Awe de waraille : in Englith, Wall-Ruc, and white Maiden-haire, 


The Temperature and Vertues. 

The true Maiden-haire, as, Galen veftifieth,doth dry, make thin,wafte away,and isinameanebe. A 
tweene heate aud coldnefle : Mefwes theweth that it confilteth of vnlike or difagreeing parts, and 
that {ome are watery and earthy, and the fame binding, and another fuperficially hot and rhinne: 
And that by this it taketh away obftru tions or ftoppings, maketh things thinne that are thicke, 
Joofeneth the belly, efpecially when it is frefh and greene: foras this part is thin, fo is it quickly 
refojued,and that by reafon of his binding and earthy parts : it oppeth the belly, and flayeth the 
Jaske and other fluxes. 

Being drunke it breaketh the ftone, and expelleth not onely the ftones in the kidnies, but alfo B 
thofe which fticke in the paflages of the vrine. 

Itraifeth vp groffe and flimie humors out of the cheft and lungs, and alfo thofewhich fticke in C 
the conduits of thewinde pipe,it breaketh and raifeth them out by fpetting, ifa loch or licking 
medicine be made thereof. 

Moreouer, it confumeth and wafteth away the Kings-euill, and other hard fivellings, as the D 
fame Author affirmeth, and it maketh the haire of the head or beard to grow that is fallenand ~ 

illed off, 
j Diofcorides reckoneth vp many vertues and operations of this Maiden-haire; which do not onely B 
differ,but are alfo contrary one to another, Among others he faith, that the fame ftanchethbloud: ~ 
and a little before, that it draweth away the fecondines, and bringeth downe the defired fickenes : 
-whichwords do confound one another with contrarieties ; for whatfoeuer things do ftanch bloud, 
the fame do alfo {tay the termes. 

He addeth alfo in the end, that it is fowne about fheepe-folds for the benefit of the fheepe, but F 
what that benefit fhould be, he fheweth not. 

Befides, that it cannot be fowne, by reafon it is without feed,it is euident,neither can it fitlybe G 
remooued. Therefore in this place it feemeth that many things are tranfpofed from other places, ~ 
and falfly added to this chapter: and peraduenture fome things are brought hither out of dif 
courfe of Cytifus,or Milke Trefoile whereof here towrite were to {mall purpofe, 

Wall-Rue is not much vnlike to blacke Maiden-haire in temperature and facultie. 

Wall-Rue is c00d for them that hauea cough, that are fhort winded, and that be troubled with 
ftitches and paine in their fides. : 

Being boiled, it caufeth concoction of raw humors which fticke in the Jungs ; it raketh away K 
the paine of the kidnies and bladder, it gently prouoketh vrine,and driueth forth {tones. 

Tt is commended againft ruptures in young children,and fome affirme it to beexcellentgood, J, 
ifthe powder thercof betaken continually for forty daies together. 


= 


Cuar. 474. Of Englifh,or common eM aiden-baire. 


q The Defcription: 


I Nglith Maiden-haire hath long leaues ofa darke green colour, confifting of very many 
{mall round leaues fet vpon a middle rib, ofa fhining blacke colour, dafhed on the ne- 
ther fide with {mall rough markes or fpeckes, of an oucrworne colour ;the roots are 


{mall and threddy. Ddddd 
Dddda 2 The 


N 


OF the Hiftory of Plants. Lisi2. 


2 The female Englifh Maiden-haire is 

1 Lrichomanesmas. [ike vnto the precedent, fauing that it is leffer, 
The Male Englith Maiden-haire. and wanteth thofe {pots or markes that are in 
Ui Peter, Tene A ned the other, wherein confifteth the difference, 
Sie | + Our Authors figure was of the Trochomanes 
femina of Tabernamontanus,which expreffes a 


{ J ,, : 
3 & variety with branched leaues, and therein only 
he pa 4 
8 2 RB was the difference. $ 
ae 
ap, : The Place. 
B a Sf : 


2 Ss It growes for the moft part nere vnto fprings 

> and brookes, and other moift places, vpon old 
ftone walls and rockes: I found it growing ina 
fhadowie fandie lane in Betfome, in the parith 
of Southfleet in Kent, vpon the ground where- 
as there was no ftones or ftony ground neere 
vnto it, which before that time I did neuer fee: 
it groweth likewife vpon flone walls at her 
Majefties palace of Richmond,& in moft ftone 
wals of the Weft and North parts of England. 
$ M’. Goodyer faith, that in January, 1624, he 
faw enough to lade an horfe growing on the 
bancks ina lane, as he rode betwcene Rake and 
Headly in Hampfhire neere Wollmer For- 


reft, £ 


¥) 
a) 


gh 
BP ands Tay 
H.OOH0909090 08 09 


@ The Time. 


It continuetha long time, the coldneffe of 
wiater doth it noharme,it is barren as the other 
Fernes are, whereof it isa kinde, 


q The Names. 

Itis called in Greeke,zexdaw: + in Latine, Félicula,as though we fhould fay, Parva Filex, or little 
Ferne ; alfo Capillaris:in fhops, © apillus Venerts. Apuleius in his 51 chapter maketh it all one with 
Gallitrichon :offome itis called Polytrichon : in Englifh,common Maiden-haire. 

a] The Temperature and Vertues,. 

Thefe, as Diofcorides and Galen do wtite, haue all the faculties belonging to Adiantum, or blacke 
Maiden-haire. F : 

The deco@ion made in wine and drunke, helpeth them that are fhort winded, it helpeth the 
cough,ripeneth tough flegme,and auoideth it by {pitting | 

The liewherein it hath been fodden, or laid to infufe, is good towafh the head,caufing the, 


© feurfe and {cales to fall off,and haire to grow in places thatare pild and bare. 


G The Kindes: 


PE He matter ofthe Thiftles is divers, fome Thiftles ferue for nourifhment,as the Artichoke. 
* wichout prickles,and the Artichoke with prickles;other for medicine, as the root of Carline: 
which is good for many things , the bleffed thiftle alfo, otherwife called Carawus bencdittus ; Sea 
Huluer,and diuers others : fome are poifonfome,as Chameleon niger , one {mooth, plaine,and with- 
out prickles,as the Thiftlecalled Beares Breech, or Acanthus fatiuws, whereof there is another with 
ptickles,whichwe make the wilde, of the which two we intend towrite in this chapter. 


q The Defcription. 


1 J) Earesbreech of the garden hath broad leaues, fmooth, fomewhat blacke, gaf hed on both 
the edges,and fet with many cutsand fine nickes:betweene which rifeth vp in the midfta 
big ftalke brauely deckt with floures,fet in order from the middle vpward,of colour white, 

of forme long, which are armed as it were with two catkins,one higher, another lower : after them 
grow forth the huskes, in which is found broad feed ; the roots be blacke without,and white ia 


a ener ee ee 


F bey 3. Of the Hiftroy of Plants. 114.7 


in, andfull of clammie iuice, and are diuided into many off-fprings, which as they creepe far, foda 
j they now and then bud forth and grow afteth : thefe roots are fo full of life, that how little focuer 
of them remaine, it oftentimes alfo bringeth forth the whole plant. 


x Acanthus fativus. $3 Acanthusfyl. aculeatus. 
Garden Beares-breech, Prickley Beares-breech; 


2 Wilde Beares-breech,called Acanthus fjlueftris,Pena fetteth forth for Chameleonta Monfpelien. 
fium,and reporteth that he found it g-owing among ft the grauelly and moift places neere to the 
walls of Montpellicr,and at the gate of Aegidia, betweene the fountaine and the brooke neere to 
the wall : this thifile is in falke, floures, colour of ]eaues and feed like the firt kinde, but thorter 
and lower,hauing large ieaues,dented or iagged with many cuts and incifions, not onely in fome 
few parts of the leaues,as fome other Thi ftles,but very thickly dented orclouen,and hauing many 
fharpe, large, white and hard prickles about the fides of the diuifions and cuts,not very eafieto be - 
handled or touched without danger tothe hand and fingers. 

E «| The Place. : 

Dioftorides writeth,that garden Branke Vrfine groweth in moift ‘and ftonie places, and alfo in 
gardens : it were vnaduifedly done to feeke it in either of the Germaines any where, but in gardens 
onely;in my garden it doth grow very plentifully. 

The wilde was found in certain places of Italy neere to the fea,by that notable learned man A/- 
fonfits Pancius,Phy ition to the Duke of Ferrara,and profeffor of fimples and Phyfick,and isa ftran- 
ger in England.7 I haue feene it growing in the garden of M*. ohn Parkinfon. £ 

e| The Time. 

Roth the Branke Vrfines do floure in the former feafon, the feed is ripe in Autumne :the roo¢ 
temainerh frefh yet now and then it perifheth in winter in both the Germaines, if the weather be 
too cold : but #f England the former feldome or neuer dieth- 

an @ The Names. 

Tt is called in Greeke zv% : the Latines keepe the fame name Acanthus : yet doth Acanthus fig- 
hifiecenerally al! kinde of Thiftles,and that is called Acamthus by the figure Antonomafia:the Eng- 
lifh name is Branke Vrfine, and Beares breech. 

The came or garden Branke Vrfine is named in Latine Sativws,or Hortenfis Acanthus:in Greeke, 
mistyec: and Of Galen, Oribafins,and PLlinyyneuqueec : Pliny alfo calleth this Acanthus lewss, or {mooth 


Ddddd 2 Bre 


= 


ee 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L vs.2, 
Branke Vrfine,and reporteth it to be a citie herbe,and to ferue for arbors : fome name it Branca Vr. 
finafothers vfe to cal Cow-parfnep by the name of Branca Vrfina,but with the addition Germanica:) | 
the Iralsans call it Acantho,and Branca Or(ina ; the Spaniards, Y erna Giguante : the Ingrauers of old | 
time were wont to carue the leaues of this Branke Vrfine in pillers, and other works,and alfo vpon | 
the cares of pots,as among others Virgilltcftifieth in the third Eclog of his Bucolicks: 


: Et nobis idem Alcimedon duo pocula fecit, 
Er molli circum eft anfas amplexus Acant has 


+ take Virgils Acanthus to be that which we now commonly call Pyracantha, as I fhall here- 

after fhew when I come to treat thereof. $ 
The other Branke Vrfine is named in Greeke sppur dxxre:and in Latine,Sylueftris Acanthys.ox wilde | 
Branke Vrfine,and they may becalled properly Acantha, or Spima,a prickle ,; by which name it is 
found called of mof Herbarifts, Acanthus : yet there isalfo another 4canthys athornie fhrub:the | 
liquour which iffueth forth of it,as Herodotus and T hevphrajtwsafiirme, isa gumme : for difference | 
le of CA canthus is named A bacantha: There is likewife found among 
} 


wherof peraduenture this kinde of ? 
the baftard names of Acanthus the word Mamolaria,and alfo Crepula,but it ts not exprefled to which 
ofthem whether to the wilde or tame it ought tobe referred. 

q The Temperature. 

Theleaues of the garden Branke Vrfine con{ift ina meane as it were betweene hot and cold,be- | 
ing fomwhat moiftwith a mollifying and gentle digefting facultie,as are thofe of the Mallow,and | 
therefore they are profitably boyled in clyfters,as well as Mallow leaues. The root, as Galen teach- 
eth,is ofa more drying qualitie, j 


q The Vertues. 

Dioftorides faith,that the roots are aremedie for lims that are burnt with fire,and rhathaue been | 
out of ioint,if they be laicd thereunto: that being drunke they provoke vrine, and {top the belly: 
that they helpe thofe that be broken,and be troubled with the crampe, and be in aconf{umption of 
the lungs. i se : d 

They are good for fuch as haue the ptificke and {pet bloud withal;for thofe that haue faln from _| 
fome high place,that are bruifed and drie beaten,and thathaue ouerftrained themfelués,and they _| 
are as good as the roots of the greater Comfrey, whereunto they are verie like in fubftance,tougla | 
iuice,and qualitie. 

Of the fame root is made an excellent plaifter againft the ache and numneffe of the hands and 
feet. ie 

Itis put intoclyfters with good fucceffe againft fundry maladies, 


Cuar. 476. Of the Cotton Thiftle. | 


| The Defeription. 


z Hecommon Thiftle, whereof the greateft quantitie of down is gathered for diuers pur- | 
pofes,as well by the poore to {top pillowes, cufhions, and beds for want of feathers, as 
alfo bought of the rich Vpholfters to mixewith the feathers and downe they do fell,which deceit | 
would be looked vnto : this Thiftle hath great leaues,long and broad, gathed about the edges, and_| 
fet with harp and ftiffe prickles all along ft the edges,couered all ouer with a foft cotton or downe: | 
out from the middeft whereof rifeth vp a long ftalke aboue two cubits high ,cornered,and fet with | 
filmes, and alfo full of prickles : the heads are likewife cornered with prickles ,and bring foorth | 
floures confifting of many whitith threds:the feed which fucceedeth them is wrapped vp in downs; | 
it 1s long,ofa light crimfon colour, and leffer than the feede of baftard fatfron: the root groweth | 
deep in the ground,being white,hard, wooddie,and not without ftrings. 

2 The Illyriancorton thiftle hatha long naked root,befet about the top witha fringe of many | 
{mail threds or iags: from which arifeth a very largeand tall ftalke,higher than any man,rather like | 
atreethan an annual] herbeor plant: this ftalke is garnithed with {croles of thinne leaues, from 
the bottome to the top, fet full of moft horrible fharpe prickes, and fois the ftalkeand cuerie part 
ofthe plant, fo that itis impofible for man or beaft totouch the fame without great hurt or dane | 
ger: his leanesare very great,far broaderand longerthanany other thiftle whatfoeucr, couered | 
with an hoarie cotten or downe like the former: the floures doe grow atthe top of the ftalkes, , 
which 


er: 


Lind Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. = ~—~—~=OATG 


iwhich is diuided into fundry branches,and atc of a purple colour,{et or armed round about with the 
ilike,or rather harper thornes than the aforefaid, : 
| 


1 Acanthium album. 2 Acanthinm tlyricim purpureum, 


The white Cotton Thiftle, The purple Cotton Thiftle, 


y 


f 


——— 
i 


d 


Z 
ES Sgr) \ 
@& The Place. 


Thefe Thiftles grow by high waies fides, and in ditches almoft euery wheres 
G The Time 
They floure from Iune vntill Auguft, the fecond yeare after they be fown:and in the mean timie 
the feed waxeth ripewhich being thorow ripe the herbe perifheth, as doe likewife moft of the 

| ether Thiftles,which live no longer than till the feed be fully come to matutitie. 
a The Names, 
| _ This Thiftle is taken for that which is called in Greckeswisn, which Dioftorides defcribeth to 
_ haue leaues fet with prickles round about the edges, and to be couered witha thin downelike a 
_ copweb,that may be gathered and {pun to make garments of, like thofe of filke:inhigh Duteh it 
” iscalled ppeifstorge Diff in Low Dutch, nBttte ndech Diftels in French, Chardon argentin : in 
Englith, Cotton-Thiftle white Cotton-Thittle, wildewhite Thiflle, Atgentine or the Siluet 
Thiftle. 


@ the Temperature and Vertues. 
Diofcorides {aith, that the leaues and roots hereofare a remedy for thofe that haue their bodies A 
drawne backwards; thereby Galen {uppofeth that thefe are of temperature hot. 


Cuar. 477. Ofour Ladies-Thiftle, 


| The Defcription. 


He leaues of our Ladies Thiftle areas bigge as thofe of white Cotton-Thi(tle:for the leaves 
thereof be great,broad,large,gathed in the edges,armed with a multitude of ttiffe and fharpe 
prickles,as are thofe of Ote-Thiftle, but they are without down altogether flippery,of alight 


Dddda 3 greenc 


Al 1 
| 
ii 
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j y 
. ; 

| 
k ' | 

: 

; 
if 
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Ct af 
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A 


OF the Hiftory of Plants. 


| AVRHEMU SFY Tpots: 
Cardius Marie. and lines drawne diners waies: the italk is high, 
Ladies Thiftle: ; and as big as amans fig§cr . the floures grows 
j forth of heads fullof prickles, Deine threds of a: 
purple colour : the feeds wrapped in downe( 
hike that of Cotton Thiftle ; the root is long,: 
thicke, and white. 
@ The Place. |. 

Tt groweth vpon wafte and common places) 
by high; waies,and by dung-hils almoft cuerie, 
where. 


x 
CAAWALVAS, Vr 04 QURULS , 


The Time. 
It fourethand feedeth when Cotton Thiftle 
doth, : 

tT he Names, 

Icis called in Latin€, Car dius Lactews, and 
Carduus Maria ;inhigh Dutch.Onfer witout 
Diftell :.in French, Chardon ac neflie dime: in 
Englith,our Ladies Thiftle: itmay properly be 
called Lencographus,of the white {pats and lines 
that are on the Jeaues: Plizy in his 27. booke; 
chap.11.maketh mentionof an herb called fen- 
cographis,but what maner of one it is he hath nor 
exprefled; therefore it would behard to affirme 
this to be the fame that his Lewographis is; 
and this is thought to bee Spina alba, called in 
Grecke “xs6adwe',or white Thiftle, Milk Phiftle, 
and Cardung Ramptarius ; of the Arabians, Bedbo- 
ardor Bedeguar,as Mattheus Sylvaticns teftifieth, 
ae gj The Temperature and F eriues. , 

oe LD) The tender leaues of Garduus Leucographus, 
ip SD the prickles taken off, are fometimes v{ed tobee 
eaten with other herbes. 

Galenwriteth,that the roots of Spina albado drieand moderately binde,that therefore it is good 
for thofe that be troubled with the lask and the bloudy flix, that it ftaicth bleedings,wafteth away 
cold fwellings ,cafeth the paine of the teeth if they bee wafhedwith the deeodtion thereof, : 

The feed thereof is ofa thin effence and hot facultie, therefore he faith that it is good for thole 
thatbetroubled with cramps. 19) yf 

Diofcorides afirmeth that the feeds being drunkeare a remedie for infants that haue their finews 
drawne together, and for thofe that be bitten of ferpents : and that!it is thought todriugaway fer 
peuts,ifit be but hanged about the necke. 


Cuar. 478.  Ofthe Globe Thiflle. 


@| The Defcription. 
. 
f * Lobe Thiftle hath avery long ftalke,and leaues iagged,great,long,and broad,deeply gathed, 
3 1 mew hat greene on the vpper fide,and on the nether fide whiter and downy: 
row forth efa round head like a globe,which ftandeth on the tops of the ftalkes; 
fmall, with blew threds in the midft: the feed is long, with haires of a meane 
ot is thicke and -branched. 
slobe Thiftle that hath lefler leaues, but more full of prickles with round 
oweth out of them befides the floures,certaine long and ftiffe prickles. 
3. There is likewife another kinde refembling the firft in forme and figure,but much lefler,anc 
the floures thereof tend more to ‘ablew.. 
4. Theteisalfo another Globe Thiftle, which is the leaft,and hath the fharpeft prickles of al 

the reft : the head is fmall, the floures whereof are white, like torhofe of the frft. 


heads alfo: bur the 


1 
s There 


‘taal CORN 


1 Cardius globofuese thy 2: (Carduns.clabofis acususy 
The Globe: Thiftle, . oot Join Prickly headed G10be- Thiftle, 


hes 
LH 
et 
ae 
he 
ft) 
* 
i 
i 
: 
i} 


£5 Carduus globofus capitulo latioves 
Flatheaded Globe-Thiftle. 


EF 3 Garduus eloba(us minor. 
Small Globe-Thiftle. 4 


hereof, yer the head is not fo round,thatis to fay, flatter and 


g There isa certaine othet kinde & 
broader aboue ; out of which fpting b ica 
white thin downe : the leaues atc long 


with harpe prickles, a 


lew floures : the fralke heréofis flender, and’ couered w 
,gathed likewife on both fides, and armed in ‘every corner 


1152 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, ~ Dorp. 


6 There-is another called the Down-Thiftlewhich rifeth vp with thicke and long ftalks. The 


thereof are iagged, fet with prickles,white on the nether fide: the heads be round and many 
Se nusibe ae ued witha fofe downe,and fharpe prickles ftanding forth on cueric fide,be- 
ing on the vpper part fraughted with purple flouses all of ftrings : the feed is long, and fhineth, as 
doth the feed of many of the Thiftles. 


4 6 Carduys eriocephalus. @ The Place. 
headed Thiftle, 
ayes pa : emophours They are fown in gardens,and do not grow 


in thefe countries thatwe can finde. 

$+  Thaue found the fixth by Pocklington 
and in other places of the Woldesin Yorke- 
fhire. M*. Goodyer alfo found it in Hamp- 
fhire. + 


jy 


@ The Names, 

They floure and flourith when the other 
Thiftles do, 

‘ The Names. 

Fuchfigs did at the firft take it to be Chs- 
meleon niger, but afterwards being better ad- 
uifed, he named it Spina peregrina, and Cardu- 
us zlobofus. Walerins Cordus doth firly call it 
Sphaerocephalus the fame name doth alfo agree 
with the reft, for they haue a round head like 
aballor globe, Moft would haue the firft to 
bethat which cHatthiolus fetteth downe for 
Spina alba : this Thiftle is called in Englith, 
Globe Thiftle,and Ball-Thiftle. 

The downe or woolly headed Thiftle is 
called in Latine, being deftitute of another 
name, Eriocephalus,of the woolly head : in Ene 
glith, Downe Thiftle, or woolly headed Thi- 
file. It is thought of diuers tobé that which 
Bartholomeus Vybevcteranus and Angelus Palea, 
Francifcan Friers,report to be called Corons 
Fratrum, or Friers Crowne :but this Thiftle 
doth far differ from that,as is euident by thofe ' 
things which they haue written concerning 
Corena Fratrum ; which is thus : In the borders of the kingdome of Aragon towards the kingdome 
of Caftile we finde another kind of Thiftle, which groweth plentifully there, by common wayes, 
and inwheate fields, &c. Vide Dod. Pempt.5.lib.5.cap.5. 

@) The Temperature andVertues. 
Concerning the temperature and vertues of thefe Thiftles we can alledge nothing ar all. 


Cuar. 479. Of the Artichoke. 


© The Kindes, 


"YT Here be three forts of Artichokes, two tame or of the garden ; and one wilde,which the Ttali- 
\™ -anefteemeth greatly of, as the beft to be eaten raw, which he calleth Carduae. 


@ The Defcription. 


deepe gathes in the edges, witha deepe channel] or gutter along ft the middle, hauing 


no prickles atall, or very few, and they be ofa greene afh colour: the ftalke is above acubit high, 
and bringeth forth on the topa fruit likeaglobe, refembling at the firft a cone or Pine apple, that 
isto fay, made vp of many fcales;which is when the fruit is great ot loofed ofa greenith red colour 
within, and in the lowes part full of fubftance and white , but when it opens it felfe there Bore 

alfo 


1 are leaues of the great Artichoke,called in Latine Cinara,are broad great,long, ferwith 


Of the Hiftroy ofPlans. tt~*C*«w SG 


i1B. 2. 


2 Cinara maxima alba, 


1 Cinara maxima Anglica, 2 
The great red Artichoke. The great white Artichoxe, 


3 Cinara fylucftres. 

‘Wilde Artichoke. 

alfovpon the conea floure all ofthreds, ofa 
gallant purple tending toa blew colour, The 
teed is long, greater and thicker than that of 
our Ladies thiftle,lying vnder foft and downy 
haires which are contained within the fruit, 

The root is thicke, and ofa meane length. 

2 The fecond great Artichoke differeth 
from the former in the colour of the fruit, 0+ 
therwife there is little difference, except the 
fruit hereof dilateth it felfe further abroad, 
and is not fo clofely compaé together,which 
maketh the difference. 

3. Theprickly Artichoke, called in La- 
tine Carduus, ox Spinofa Cinara, ditfereth nor 
from the former, faue that all the corners of 
the leaues hereof, and the ftalkes of the cone 
or fruit,are armed with ftifteand harp pric- 
kles,whereuponit beareth well the name of 
Carduus, or Thittle. 


q The Place, 

The Artichoke is to be planted ina far and 
: : fruitfull foile they doloue water and moift 
ground. They commit great error who cut away the fide or fuperfluous leanes that grow by the 
fides,think ing thereby to increafe the greatne fle of the fruitwwhenas in truth they depriue the root 
40m much water by that meanes, which fhould nourith itto the feeding of the fruit; for if you 
marke the trough or hollow channel! that is in euery leafe, it fhall appeare very cuidently,that the 
: fc Creator 


- 


Pith 4 
i 
i us en 
4) : $ 
| ae | Ixy ' 7 
hy ee : 
\ , i 
/ ; 
“ee Oe a 
4 mic 4 
‘ >t 1 i 
TH : 


SNe} ex) 


4 


torie of Plants. 


Lk b*B. 
cor in his fecrer wifedome did ordaife thofe furrowes, euen from the extreme point of the 
leafe to the ground where it is faftned to the roor, for no other purpofebut to guide and leade that ° 
water which falls far off, vnto the root; knowing that without fuch ftore of water thewhole plant 
i wither, and the fruit pine away and come to nothing. 
aq The Time. 
They are planted for the moft part about the Kalends of Nouember, or fomewhat fooner. The 
© és Arey Y mat aiive g rer 83 : £ 
plant muft be fet and dunged with good {tore of afhes, for that kinde of dung is thought bef for 
planting thereof, Euery yeare the flips muft be torne or flipped off from the body of the root,and 
t D : bas z : A ee : : ! 
thefe are to be fet in Aprill, which will beare fruit about Auguft following, as Columella,Palladius, 
and common experience teacheth. 


if 


;. | ere 


et The Names. 
1, of Ciuis, Athes, wherewith it loueth to be dunged, 
Galen ca\leth it in Grecke sus, but with & and v in the firft fyllable sof fome it is called Caéfos : it 
isnamed in Italian, Carcsoffi, Archiocchi : in Spanith, alcarrbofa : in Englith, Artichoke:in French, 
wx - in low-Dutch, Artichoben ¢ whereupon diuers call itin Latine Ca rticocalas and Arti. 
coca: inhigh-Dutch, Strobtidogn, 

The other is named in Latine commonly not onely Spivofa cinara,or prickly Artichoke,but alfo 
of Palladinus, Carduus : of the Italians, Cardo, and Cardino wot the Spaniards, Cardos : of the French 
men, Chardoas : Leonhartus Fuchfius and moft writers take itto be Scolymus Diofcoridis-but Scolymus 


The Artichoke iscalledin Latine Cz 


Saf. 
Articn. 


Diofcoridis hath the leafe of Chameleon or Spina albawitha ftalke full of leaves,and a prickly head: 
but neither is Czvarathe Artichoke which is without prickles,nor the Artichok with prickles any 


fuch kinde of herbe ; for though the head hath prickles, yet the ftalke is not full of leaues, but is 
many times without leaues, or elfe hath not paft aleafe or two. Cizara doth better agree with 
that which Theophraflus anc Pliny call xewms, Cactus, and yet it doth not bring forth ftalkes from 
the root creeping alongft the ground: it hath broad leaues ferwith prickles ;the middleribs of 
the leaues, the skin pilled off, are good to be eaten, and likewife the fruit, the feed and down taken 
away ; and that which is vnder is as tender as the braine of the Date tree : which things Theophra- 


flus and Pliny report of Cacivs, That which they write of the ftalkes, fent forth immediately from 


the root vpon the ground, which are good to be eaten,is peraduenture the ribs of the leaues:euerie 
fide taken away (as they be ferued vp at the table) may be likea {talke,except euen in Sicilia,where 
they grew only in Theophraflus time. It bringeth forth both certaine ftalks that lie on the ground, 
and another alfo ftanding {traight vp ; but afterwards being remoued and brought into Italy or 
England, it bringeth forth no more but one vpright : for the foile and clyme do much preuaile in 
altering of plants, as not onely T heophraftus teacheth, but alfo euen experience it felfe declareth s 
and of (actus, Theophrafius writeth thus 5 xées (Cactus) eroweth onely in Sicilia : it bringeth forth 
prefently from the root ftalkes lying along vpon the ground, with a broad and prickly leafe : the 
{talkes being pilled are firto be caten, being fomewhat bitter; which may be preferued in brine : 
it bringeth forth alfo another ftalke, which ts likewife good to be eaten, 
@| The Temperature andV ertues. 

The nailes, that is,the white and thicke parts which are in the bottome of the outward {ales or 
flakes of the fruir, of the Artichoke, and alfo the middle pulpe whereon the downy feed ftands,are 
eaten both raw with pepper and falt, and commonly boyled with the broth of fat fleth, with pep- 
peradded, and are accounted a dainty dith, being pleafant to the tafte, and good to procure bodi- 
ly luft : fo likewife the middle ribs ofthe leaues being made whire and tender by good cherifhing 
and looking to, arebrought to thetableas a great feruice together with other junkets : they are 
eaten with pepper and faltas bethe raw Artichokes : yet both of them are of ill iuyce ; forthe Ar- 
tichoke containeth plenty of cholericke iuyce, and hath an hard fubftance, infomuch as of this is 
ingendred melancholy iuyce, and of thata thin and cholerick bloud, as Galen teacheth in his book 
of the Faculties ofnourifhments. Butitis beft to eate the Artichoke boyled: the ribbes of the 
Icaues are altogether of anhard fubftance : they yeeld tothe body a raw and melancholy inice,and 


containe in them ¢reat ftore ofwinde. 
It ftayeth the inuoluntarie courfe of the naturall feed either in manor woman. 
a a ot 
oome 


e,that ifthe buds of yong Artichokes be firft fteeped inwine,and eaten,they prouoke 
vrine,and ftir vp the luft of the body. 

I finde moreouer,that the root is good againft the ranke fmellof the arme-holes, if when the 
pith is taker y the fame root be boyled inwine and drunke: for it fendeth forth plenty of ftin- 
king vrine, whereby the ranke and rammith fauor of the whole bod y is muchamended, 


Cuap. 


Terni. Of the Hiftory of Plants. ime : 


Cuar.48o. Of Golden Thifles 


G The Dofcription. 


t He ftalkes of Golden Thiftle rife vp forthwith from the root, being many,round, and. 

branched. The leaues are long, ofa beautifull green, with deepe gathes on the edges, 

and fet with moft fhatpe prickles : the floures come from the bofome of the leaues, fet “in a {ealie 

chaffie knap,very like to Succorie floures, but of colour as yellow as gold: in their places come vp 

broad flatand thin feeds, not great, nor wrapped in downe : the root is long,a finger thicke;fweet; 

foft, and good to be eaten, wherewith fine are much delighted : there iffueth forth of this thiftle 
in what part foeuer itis cut or broken, a iuyce as white as milke. 

+ There is fome varietie of this Thiftle , fot itis found much larger about Montpelier than it 
is in Spaine, with longer branches, but fewer floures : the leaues alfo are {potted or ftreaked with 
white like as the milke Thiftle : whence Clufivs, whom I here follow,hath giuen two figures there- 
of . the former by the name of Scolymus Theophrafti Hifpanicus ; and the other by the title of Scolymus 
ae Narbonenfis. This with white {pots I faw growing this yerewith M*.7radefcant at South 

ambeth. ¢ 


1 Carduus Chryfanthemus Hifpanicus, $ Carduus Chryfanthemus Narbonenfis: 
The Spanifh golden Thiftle. The French golden Thiftle. 


2 Thegolden Thiftle of Peru, called inthe Weft Indies, Fique del Inferno , aftiend of mine 
brought ic vnto me from an Ifland there called Saint Johns Ifland, among other feeds, What rea- 
fon'the inhabitants there haue to call it fo, it is vnto me vnknowne, vnleffe it be becaufe of his 
fruit, which doth much refemble a fig in fhape and bigneffe, but fo fullof tharpe and venomous 
prickles, that whofocuer had one of them in his throat, doubtleffe it would fend him packing ei- 
ther to heauen orto bell. This plant hatha fingle wooddy root as big as a mans thumbe,but fom- 
what long: fromwhich arifeth a brittle ftalke full of ioynts or knees, diuiding it felfe into fundry 
other {mall branches, fer full of leaues like vnto the milke Thiftle, but much fmaller, and ftraked 
with many white lines or ftreakes : and at the top of the ftalks come forth faire and goodly yellow 
floures; very like vnto the fea Poppy, but more elegant, and of greater beauty, having inthe apc 

thereo 


Sars 


Sg ana ahd 


“ ae Fa 


i = = 


+196 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis 


thereof a {mall knop or boll, {uch as is in the middle of ourwild Poppy, but full of fharpe thorns, , 
and at the end thereofa ftaine or {pot ofa deepe purple : after the yellow floures be fallen, this 
forefaid knop groweth by degrees greater and greater, vntill it come to full maturitie, which Ope- 
neth it felfe atthe vpper end,fhewing his feed,which is very blacke and round like the feeds of mu- 
ftard. Thewhole plantand cach part thereof doth yeeld verie great aboundance of milkie inyce, 
which is ofa golden colour, falling and iffuing from any part thereof, if it be cut or bruifed : the 
whole plant perifheth at the approch of Winter. The vertues hereof are yet vnknownevnto me, 
wherefore I purpofe not to fet downe any thing thereofby way of coniecture, but fhall, God wil- 
ling, be ready to declare that which certaine knowledge and experience either of myne owne or 
others, fhall make manifeft vnto me. 
Gq The Place. 

The golden Thiftle is fowne in gardens ofthe Low-Countries, Petrus Bellonius writes, That ie 
groweth plentifully in Candy, and alfo in mot places of Italy : (lufius reporteth that he found ir 
in the fields of Spaine, and of the kingdome of Caftile,and about Montpelier , with fewer brans 
ches, and. ofa higher growth. 

The Indian Thiftle groweth in Saint Iohns Ifland in the Weft Indies, and profpereth very well 
in my garden. 

| The Time. 
They floure from Iune to the end of Auguft: the feed of the Indian golden Thiftle muft be 


fowne when it is ripe, but it doth not grow vp vntill May next after. 


G] The Names. 

This Thiftle is called in Latine Carduus Chryfanthemus : in Greeke of Theophraftus, sxéruer 5 for 
thofe things which he writeth of Scolymus in his fixth and feuenth bookes doe wholly agree with 
this Thiftle Chry/anthemus - which are thefe , Scolymus, doth floure inthe Sommer folftice,brauely 
anda long time together ; it hatha root that may be eaten both fod and raw,and when it is broken 
it yeeldeth a milky iuyce : GaXanameth it Garduus. Of this Play alfo makes mention,/ib.21.ca.16, 


* Scolymus faith he, ditfers from thofe kindes of Thifles,w%. Acarnaand Atracilis becaufe the root 


thereofmay be eatenboyled. Againe, L'4.2>.Cap.22. The Eaft Countries vfe itas a meate : and 
he calleth it by another name Aeuonr. VV hich thing alfo Theophraftus feemeth to affirme,in his Gxt 
booke ; for when he reckoneth vp herbes whofe leaues are fet with prickles, he addeth Scolymus, or 
Limonia. 

Notwithftanding, P/7y maketh mention likewife of another Scolyzus, which hee affirmeth to 
bring fortha purple floure, and betweene the middle of the prickes to wax white quickely, and to 
fall off with thewinde ; in his twentieth booke, cap.2 3. Which Thiftle doubtleffe doth not agree 
with Carduns Chry[anthemus, that is, with Theophraflus his Scolymus,and with that which we mentio- 
ned before : fo that there bein Pliny two Scolymi ; one with a root that may be eaten, and another 
witha purple floure, turning into downe, and that {peedily waxethwhite. Scolymus is likewifede- 
fcribed by Dicfcorides ; but this differs from Scolymus T heophrafti, and itis one of thofe which Pliny 
reckoneth vp,as we wil more at large declare hereafter. But ler vscome againe to Chryfanthemus < 
This the inhabitants of Candy, keeping the marks ofthe old name, do call Afcolymbros : the Itali- . 
ans nameit Anconitani Rinci : the Romans, Spina borda: the Spaniards, Cardon lechar : and ofdiuers 
itisalfonamed Glycyrrhixon, that is to fay, dulcis Radix, or {weet Root: it is called in Englith,gol- | 
den Thiftle : fome would haue ittobe that which Yegctius in Arte Veterinaria calls Eryagium : but 
they are deceiued ; for that Eryngium whereof Vegetins writeth is Eryngium marinum,or fea Huluer, 
of which we will intreat. 

The golden Thiftle of India may be called Carduns Chry{anthemus, of his golden colour,adding 
thereto his natiue countrey Indianus, or Peruanus, or the golden Indian Thiftle,or the golden eh 
ftle of Peru : the feed came to my hands by the name Fique del Inferno : in Latine, Ficus safernalis, 
the infernall fig, or fig of hell. 


q The Temperature andVertues. 


The root and tender leaues of this Scolymas, which are fometimes eaten, ate good for the fto- 
macke, but they containe very little nourifhment, and the fame thinne and waterie, as Galen tea- 
eheth. 

Pliny faith, that the root hereofwas commended by Erato/thenes, in the poore mans fupper, and 
that it is reported alfo to prouoke vrine efpecially ; to heale tetters and dry fcurfe, being taken 
with vineger ; and with Wine to ftir vp flethly luft,as Hefiod and Alcans teftifie ; and to take away 
the ftench of the arme-holes,ifan ounce of the root,the pith picked out,be boyled in three parts of 
wine,till one part be wafted,and a.good draught taken fafting after a bath,and likewife after meat: 

: a which 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. “157 


which later words Déofcorides likewife hath concerning his Scolywws : out of whom Pliy is 
thought to haue borrowed thefe things. 

4 _The plant our Author heve defcribesim the (¢cond place, is that which I'deferibed and figured formerly, pag: 40x. by the nameofPapauer (pinolim. Tmult 
confeffe, I there thould haue omitted it,becaule ic ishere fer forth fufficiently by our Author, whereof indeed, B had adietle\emembrgnce, and, therefore ar that 


time fought his Index by allthe names Icouldremember, butnot making it a (ardeas, Tat chat time miffed thereof ; but here finding it, 1 haue lecthe hiftery 
ftandas it was, and oncly omitted the figurewhich you may finde before, and fomeching alfo in cheliftory not here deliucred. 


Cuar. 481. Of white Carline Thifile of Diolcorides. 


gq 7 he Defcription, 


I Ss Api leaues of Carline are very full of prickles, eut on both edges with a multitude of 
deepe gathes, and fet along the corners with ftiffeand very fharpe prickles ; the middle 
ribs whereof are fometimes red: the ftalke is a fpan high or higher, bringing forth for the moft 
part onely one head or knap being full of prickles, on the outward circumference or compafie like 
the Vrehin huske ofa chefnut: and when this openeth at the top, there groweth fortha broad 
floure, madevp in the middle like a flatball, ofa great number of threds, which is compafled a- 
bout with little long leaués, oftentimes fomewhat white, very feldome red: the feed vnderneath 
is flender and narrow, the root is long; a finger thicke, fomething blacke, fo chinked as though it 
were fplic in funder, fweete of {mell, and in tafte fomewhat bitter. 


$ 1 Carlinacaulefcensmagno flore, 2 Carlina, feu Chameleon albus Diofcoridiss 
Tall Carline Thiftle. The white Carline Thiftle of Diofcorides 
with the red floure. 


2 There isalfo another hereof without a ftalke, with leaues alfo very full of prickles, like al- 
moft to thofe of the other, lying flaton the ground on euery fide: amongwhich there groweth 
forth in the middlea round head or knap, fet with prickles without after the fame maner,but grea- 
ter:the floure whereofin the middle is of ftrings,and paled round about with red leaues,and fome- 


times with white, in faire and calme weather the floures both of this and alfo of the other laie 
Eeeee Z : themfelues 


a — 
ee 


Li s.2. 


$ 3 Carlina acanlos minor flore purp. 
Dwarfe Carline Thiftle. 
} {} 
eee S louse. 


et land. 


ir ge Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. 


but that which bringeth forth a ftalke groweth euery wh 


——_—. 


themfelues wide open, and when the weather is 
foule and mifty, are drawne clofe together : the 
root hereof is long, and fweet of {mell, white, 
found,not nicked or fplitted as the other, 

+ 3/ This {mall purple Carline Thiftle hath 
a prety large root diuided oft times at the top 
into diuers branches, from which rife man 
green leaues lying {pred vpon the ground,deep- 
ly cutand fet with fharpe prickles; in the mid 
of thefe leaues come vp fometimes one, buro. 
therwhiles more fcaly heads,which carry a pret. 
ty large floure compofed of many purple threds, 
like that of the Knapweed, but larger, and of a 
brighter colour ; thefe heads grow viually clofe 
to the leaues, yet fometimes they ftand vpon 
ftalkes three or foure inches high : when the 
floure is paft they turne into downe, and are cars 
ried away with the winde : the feed is {mall and 
grayith. This growes vpon Blacke-Heath, vp= 
on the chalky hills about Dartford,and in many 
fuch places. It floures in Iuly and Augutt, Tras 
gus calls it Chameleon albus, vel exiguws s Lobel, 
Carduus acaulis, Septentrionalinm, and Chameleon 
albus,Cordi.Clufius,C ‘arlina minor purpurce floreand 
he faith in the Opinion of fome, it feemes nor 
volike to the Chameleon whereof T heophy aftus 
makes mention, /ib.6. cap. 3- Hift, plant. $ 


g The Place, 
They both grow vpon high mountaines in 


defart places,and oftentimes by high way fides: 
ere in Germany, and isa ftranger in Eng- 


@ The Time, 


They floure and feed in Iuly and Auguft,and ma ny times later, 


* and the fame differing. 


The later writers do alfo call the other Carlina altera, and 
Carline: but they are much deceiued who go about to refer 
in Italy,Germany,or France, Chameleoncs, the Chameleons 
for many, Petrus Bellonius,in his fift booke of Singularities, 
rence there is betweene the Carlines and the Chameleons 
by the defcription of the Chameleons, 
1 ‘ 


q The Names, 
The former is called in Latine, Carlina, and Cardopatinms, 
the firft Romane Emperor of that name, whofe armie(as iti 
| the benefit of this root deliuered and preferued fro - plague 
Cbervourtssin low Dutch >French,and other languages,as likewife in Eng 
Thiftle; it 1s Diofcorides his Leucacanthathe {trong and bitter roots the 
alfo are anfwerable, as forthwith we will declare : Lencacantha hath alfo th 
: are counterfeit,as among the Romanes Gatacardus,and among the Thufc 
Thiftle, yet doth it differ from that Thiftle which Diofcorides calleth 
writting apart doth likewife attribute to both of them thei 


3and of diuers, Carolina, of Charlemaine 
Ss reported) was in times paft through 
m the plague :it is called in high Dutch; 

glith,Carlizeand Carline. 
w the fame ; the faculties 
€ other names, but they 
cans, Spina alba, or white 
Spina alba,of which he alfo 
t owne proper faculties and Operations, 


Carlina humilisor minor,low or little 
re them both to the Chameleons, for 
doncuer grow,as there is one witneffe 
who fufficiently declareth what diffe- 
3 which thing fhall be made manifelt 


a] The TemperatureandVertues. 

The root of Carline,which is chiefely vfed,is hot in the later 
inthe third withathinnes of parts and fubftance, it procur 
| wormes of the belly, it is an enemy toall maner of poifons 
of the plague,but alfo cureth the fame,if itbe drunke in time. ; 

B Being chewed it helpeth the tooth-ache 3 1topeneth the toppings of 
C__It prouoketh vrine,bringeth downe the menfes,and cureth the 
D_ = And itisgiuento thofe that haue been dry b 


end ofthe fecond degree, and dry 
eth fiveate, it driueth forth af! kinde of 
pit doth not onely driue away infections 


the liver and {pleene. 
dropfie. 
eaten, and fallen from fome high place, 


The 


rn ix, eS i ~ Of the Hiftory of Plants: 115.9. 


| The like operations Dioféorides hath concerning Leucacantha : Leucacantha (faith he) hath a root E 
like Cyperus, bitter and ftrong, which being chewed eafeth the paine of the teeth : the decoction 
thereof with a draught of wine isa remedie againft paines.of the fides, and 1s good for thofe that 
haue thé Sciatica orache in the huckle bones, and for them that be troubled with the crampe, 

' The iuycealfo being drunke is of like vertues. 3 F 


Cuap. 482. Of wilde Carline Thiftle. 
CH The Defcription, 


I He great wilde Carline Thiftle rifech vp with a ftalke ofa cubit high or higher,diuided 

into certaine branches : the ledues are long, and very fullof prickles in the edges, like 

thofe of Carline : the floures stow alf6 vpon a prickely head, being fet with threds in the mid- 

deft, and paled round about witha little yellowith leaues : the root 1s flender, and hath a twinging 
tafte. 

2 Carolus Clufius de(cribetha certaine other alfo of this kinde, with one onely ftalke, flender, 
fhort, and not aboue a handfull high, with prickly leaues like thofe of the other, but leffer,both of 
them couered with a certaine hoary downe: the heads or knaps are for themoft part two,they haue 
a pale downe in the midft,and leaues ftanding round about,being fomewhat fife and yellow : the 
root is flender, and ofa reddith yellow. 


1 Carlina fylucftris maior. 2 Carlina filuefiris minor. 
The great wilde Carline Thiftle. The little wilde Carline Thiftle: 
age vulgohls . 


«| The Place. 


The great Carline is found in yntoiled and defart places, and oftentimes vpon hills. + It grow= 
eth vpon Blacke Heath,andin many other placesofKent. $ 
he lefler Carline Carolus Clufins writeth that he found growing in dry ftony and defart places, 


about Salmantica acity of Spaine. 
’ Eeeee 2 The 


“160 | —— Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. Lisz.z. 


a The Time. 
They floure and flourifh in Tune and Iuly. 
ay The Names, 
It is commonly called in Latine, and that not vnfitly, Carlina fjlueftris § for it is-tike to Carline 
in floures, and is not very vnlike in leaues. And that this is “myn, it is fo much the harder to affirme, 
by how much the briefer Theophraftus hath written hereof ; for he faith that this is like baftard fa 
ah fron, ofa yellow colour and fat iuyce : and Acorna differs from Ud carna ; for WAcarna, as Hefychins 
i faith, is the Bay tree ; but Acorna isa prickly plant. 
| The Temperature and Vertues, 
It is hot, efpecially in the root, the twinging tafte thereof doth declare ; but feeing it is of no 


> . 
vfe,the other faculties be vnfearched out, 


—— ~—— 


Cuar. 483 Of Chameleon Thiftle. 


| The Kindes. 


Here be two Chameleons, and both blacke : the vertues of their roots da differ, and the roots 
‘® themfelues do differ in kinde, as Theophraftus declareth. 


t 1 Chameleon niger. 2 Chameleon niger Salmanticenfis, 
The blacke Chamzleon Thiftle. The Spanifh blacke Chamzleon, 


nile aah 
Rae 
SS WA 


; 
f i 
i | | 
We j 
,} 134 
“Dane if if 
PM aA 
ender it) a} 
if 2) Ee @ The Defcription. 
ry *E~ He leaues of blacke Chameleon are leffer and flenderer than thofe of the prickely Ar- 


| tichoke, and fprinckled with red {pots : the ftalke 1s a cubit high,a finger thicke, 

f i and fomewhat red : itbeareth a tufted rundle, in which are flender prickely floures 

eh aa of a blew colour like the Hyacinth. The root is thicke, blacke without, of a clofe {ubftance, 

fometimes eaten away, which being cut is ofa yellowifh colour within, and being chewed it bites 
the tongue. ; 


eg) 2 This 


= = fee 


g Lip. 2 Of the Hiftroy of Plants. 1151 


2 This blacke Chameleon hath many leaues,long and narrow,very fullofpricxles,ofalight 
greene; ina manner white : the ftalke is chamfered, a foot high, and diuided into branches, onthe 
tops whereof ftand purple floures growing forth of prickly heads :the root isblacke, and fwveet in 
tafte. This is deferibed by Clufius in his Spanith Obferuations, by the name of Chama!eon Salman- 
-ticen|is, of the place wherein he found it : for he faith that this groweth plentifully in the territory 
of Salmantica a city in Spaine ; but itis very manifeft that this isnot blacke Chameleon,neicher 
doth Clufins atfirme it. 
q The Places 
It is very common, faith Belonius, in Lemnos, where it beareth a floure of fo gallant a blew, as 
that it feemeth tocontend with the skie in beautie ; and that the floure of Blew-Bottle being of 
this colour, feemes in comparifon of it to be but pale. It groweth alfo in the fields neere Abydum, 
and hard by the riuers of Hellefpont, and in Heraclea in Thracia. ‘ 
Chamaleon Salmanticeafis groweth plentifully in the territorie of Salmanticaa city in Spaine, 


q The Time. 
They floureand flourith when the other Thiftles do, 


° &| The Names. 
The blacke Chame'!con is called in Grecke rsaenia winds : i Latine, Chameleon nizer : ofthe Ro- 
thans,Carduus niger, and Verailaco : of fome, Crocodilion : in Englifh,the Chameleon Thifile, or 
the Thiftle that changeth it (elfe into many thapes and colours, 


@) The Temperature andVertues. 


The toot hereof, as Galen faith, containeth in it a deadly qualitie: itis alfoby Nicander num- A 
bred among the poyfonous herbes, inhis booke of Treacles ; by Diofcorides, lib. 6. and by Paulus 
e#icineta : and therefore itis vfed only outwardly,as for feabs,morphewes, tetters,and to be briefe, 
for all fuch things as ftand in need of clenfing : moreouer, itis mixed with fuch things as doe dif- 
folue and mollifie, as Galen faith. 


$ The figure which was formerly in the fit place did not agree with the hiftorie (which was taken out of Dedoneus) though Taber. gavie it for Chamaleen nt- 


Bers for itis the Ticnomos Crete, cc. of Label, You thall finde ic hereafter with the AcarnaValerandic 


Cuar. 4843 Of Sea Hull. 
q The Kindes. 


Tofcorides maketh mention onely of one fea Holly : Pliay, ib. 22. cap. 7. feemes to atknow- 
ledge two, one growing in rough places, another by the fea fide, The Phyfitians after them 
—_ haue obferued more, 


q] The Defcription: 


bi Ea Holly hath broad leaves almoft like to Mallow leaues,but comered in the edges,and 

fetround about with hard prickles, fat, of ablewifh white,and ofan aromaticall or {pi- 

cie tafte: the ftalke is thicke, aboue a cubit high,now and then fomewhat red below: 

it breaketh forth on the tops into ptickly or round heads or knops, of the bigneffe of a Wall-nur, 

heldin for the moft part with fix prickely leaues, compaffing the top of the ftalke round abour : 

which leaues as welas the heads are ofa gliftring blew: the floures forth of the heads are likewife 

blew,with white threds in the midft: thetoor is of the bigneffe of a mans finger, very long,and fo 

long, as that it cannot beall plucked vp, vnleffe very feldome ; fet here and therewith knots,and of 
talte {weet and pleafant. : 

2 The leaues of the fecond fea Holly ate diuerfly eut into fundry patcels,being all ful of pric- 
kles along ft the edges: the ftalke is diuided into many branches,and bringeth forth prickly heads, 
but leffer than thofe of the other : from which there alfo grow forth blew floures,feldome yellow : 
there ftand likewife vnder euery one of thefe, fix rough and prickly leaues like thofe of the other, 
but thinner and fmaller : che root hereof is alfo long, blacke without,white within,a finger thicke, 
of ratte and {mell like that of the other,as bealfo the leaues, which arelikewife of anaromaticall 
or fpicie tate, which being, new {prung vp, and as yet tender,be alfo good to becatens 

Eeece 3 "  & the 


os ee 


1162 ‘ Of the Eliftorie of Plants. os EBD 


i 7 2 Evyngines meditcrr ancwm. 
1 Eryngium marinum. IVS A 
SeaHolly. .,- D) Leuant fea Holly. 
naan Wr Or Conn CaOnnn ?P ed Bek 


“| The Place. : 

Eryne ium marinum growes by the fea fide vpon the baich and ftony ground : I found it growing 
plentifully at Whitftable inKent, at Rie and VW inchelfea in Suffex,and in Effex at Landamer la- 
ding, at Harwich, and vpon Langtree point, on the other fide of the water, from whence I haue 
brought plants for my garden. b ; 
Eryngium Campeftre groweth vpon the fhores of the Mediterranean fea, and in my garden like- 
wife. 

The Time. 

Both of them do floure after the Sommer folftice, and in Iuly. 


@ The Names. 

This Thiftle is called in Greeke ‘epvzfu : and likewife in Latine Eryngium : and of Pliny alfo E- 
7ynge : in fhops,Evingus ;in Englith, Sea Holly, fea Holme, or fea Huluer. 

The firft is called in Latine Eryngium marinum : in low-Dutch euery where, Crpug ditil, Cinz 
Heloogs, Meevtwostele s in Englih, fea Holly. feranieh 

The fecond is named of Pliny, lib.22.cap.8. Centum capita, or hundred headed Thiftle : in high- 
Dutch, yantstrew, Beanchendiftell, Wadendiftel : in Spanith, Cardo corredor : in Italian, Brin~ 

git and Jringo : this 1s tyrnamed Campeftre, or Champion fea Holly, that it may differ from the 
other, 
@ The Temperature. 

The roots of them both are hot, and that ina mean and a little dry alfo,with a thinneffe of fub- 
ftance, as Galen teftifeth, 

@ The Vertues. 

The roots of fea Holly boyled inwine and drunken are good for them that are troubled with 
the Collicke, itbreaketh the {tone, expelleth gravel, and helpeth alfo the infirmities of the kid- 
nies, prouoketh vrine, greatly opening the paflages, being drunke fifteene dayes together. ‘ 

The roots themfelues haue the fame propertie if they be eaten, and are good for thofe that be li- 
uer-ficke, and for fuch as are bitten with any venomous beaft : they eafe cramps, convulfions, and 
the falling ficknefle, and bring downe the termes. Th 


Lreez. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. “6 3 


The roots condited or preferued with fugar, as hereafter followeth,are exceeding good to be gi- Cc 
uen vnto old and aged people that are confumed and withered with age,and which want natural] 
inoifture : they are alfo good for other forts of people that haue no delight or appetite to venerie, 
nourifhing and reftoring the aged,and amending the defecés of pature in the younger, 


a] The manner to sondite Eryngos. 


Refine fugar fit for the purpofe,arid take a pound of it,the white of an egge, and a pintofcleete p5 
water, boile them together and feum it,then let it boile vntill it be come to good {trong fyrrup,and ‘ 
when it is boiled,as itcooleth, adde theretoa faucer full of Rofe-water,a fpoone full of Cinnamon 
water,aid a graine of Muske,which have been infufed together the night before,and now ftrained; 
into which {yrrup being more than halfécold, put in your roots to foke and infufe vntill the nERE 
day ; your roots being ordered in manner hereafter following : Feat eg 

Thefe your roots being wafhed and picked, muft be boiled th fairewaterby the {pace of foure E 
houres, vntill they be foft,then mutt they be pilled cleane,as ye pill parfneps,and the pith muft bee 
drawne out at the end of theroor, and if there be any whofe pith cannot be drawne out atthe end, 
then you mutt flit them, and fo take gut the pith: thefé you muft alfo keepe from much hand- 
ling, that they may be cleane, let them remaine in the fyrrup till thénext day, and then fet them 
on the fie ina faire broad pan vntill'they be verie hot,but let them norboile at all: let them there 
remain ouer the fitean houre or more, remoouing them eafily in the pan ftomone place to ano- 
therwith awoodden flice. This done, haue in a readinefle great cap or royall papers, whereupon 
you muft ftraw fome Sugar, vpon which lay your roots after that you haue taken them out of the 
pan. Thefe papers you muft put intoa Stouc,or hot houfe to harden ; butif you haue not fich a 
place, lay them before a good fire, In this manner if you condite your roots, there is not any that 
can prefcribe you a better way. And thus may youconditeany other root whatfoeuer, which will 
not onely bee exceeding delicate, but very wholefome, and effectuall againft the difeafes aboue 
named. ; 

A certaine man affirmeth,faith Actigs,that by the continual vfe of Sea Holly,he heuer afterward FE 
voided any ftone,when as before he was very often tormented with that difeafe. 

It is dtunke, faith Diofcorides,with Carrot feed againft yery many infirmities,in the weight ofa G 
dramme. 

The iuice of the leaues preffed forth withwine is a remedie for thofe that are troubledwith the H 
running of the retnes. a 

They report that the hetbe Sea Holly,ifone Goat take it intoher mouth, it cavfeth her fir to I 
ftand ftill,and afterwards the whole flocke, vntill {uch time as the Shepheard take it forth of her 
mouth,as Plutarch writeths 


Cuar. 485. Of baftard Sea Hollies. 


a The Defcription. 


fie Eryngium which Dodoneus in his laft edition calleth Eryngium planum ,and Pend 
more fitly and truely Eryngium Alpinum caruleum hath ftalkesa cubite and ahalfe high, 
hauing {paces betweene euety ioint : the lower Ieaues are greater and broader; and notched about 
the edges, but thofe aboue are leffer, compaffing or enuifoning each ioint ftar-fathion, befetwith 
prickles which are foft and tender,not much hurtful to the hands of fiichas touch them;the knobs 
or heads are al fo prickley,and in colcur blew. The root is bunchie or knottie,like that of Helenium, 
that is; Elecampane, blackewithout, andwhitewithin, and like the Eringesin fweetneficand 
tafte. 

2 The fecond baftard Sea Holly, whofe piaute is fer forth in Dodonens his Jaft Edition verie 
gallantly,being alfoa kind of Thiftle,hath leaues like vnto the former Erynges, but broader next 
the roores than thofe which grow next the ftalkes, fomewhat long,greeni(h,fott,and not prickley, 
but lightly creuifed or notched about the edges,greater than Quince leaues. The ftalks grow more 
than acubit high,on the tops whereof thete hang downwards five or fix knobs or heads, in colour 
and floures like the other ; hauing three or foure whitith toots ofa foot long. 

3. The thirdkinde of baftard Eryzeinm hath his firft leaues (which grow next the 
great,broad,and foft,growing as it were inarundleabout the root. The ftalke isfmal! and 
diuided into fome branches,which beare many little leauies,turning or ftanding many v1 


ground) 


) 
| 


antes 


o> eee Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


~ 


x Eryngium cerulenm, , 2 Erynginm {pu f 
Blew Sea Holly, Baltard Sea Holly. 


BR Lryngium pumilum clify. 4 Eryngium Montanum. 
Dwarfe Sea Holly, Mountaine Sea Holly. 


Lip 2 Of the Hiftoricof Plants. i065 


be alfo flender, ptickly,and fet about the ftalks 
£5 Eryngium pafillum planum, ftar-fafhion. The knops or heads growing at the 

Smail fmooth Sea Holly. tops of the branches are round and prickly,bea- 
ring little blew floures and leaues;which com- 
pafle them about; the root is flender,and lafteth 
but one yeare, 

4 ‘The fourth kinde ofbaftard Sea Holly. 
which Peva calleth Erynginm montannm olaifes 
orum,.and is the fourth according. to Dodonens 
his account, is liketo the Erynges,not 1h fhape 
but intafte : this beareth a very {mall and flen. 
der ftalke, ofa meane height ; whereuponcoe 
grow three or foure leaues, & feldom fiue,made 
of diuers leaues fet vpona middie rib, narrow, 
Jong, hard; and ofa darke greene colour,dented 
on both edges of the leafe like a faw: the ftalke 
is acubit high, iointed or kneed,and dividing 
it felfe into many branches, onthe taps whereof 
are round tufts or vmbels, wherin are contained 
the floures,and after they be vaded, the feedes, 
which are fmall,fomewhat long, well finelling, 
and (harpe in tafte: the root is white and long, 
nota finger thicke,in tafte fweet.buc afterwarde 
fomewhat fharpe,and in fent and'favour not vn- 
pleafant:when the root is dricd,it may be crum- 
bled in pieces, and therefore quickly braicd, 

+ 5 This isa low plant prefently from the 
root diuided into fundry branches, flender, 
round &lying on the ground:ar each ioint grow 
Ieaues wirhout any certain order, broad taward 
their ends,and narrower at their {erting on, fnipe 
about their edges:rhofe next the root were fame 
inch broad,and two or more Jong, ofa yellowith greene colour : the ftalkes are parted into fundry 
branches ; and at each ioint haue little leaues, and rough and greene heads,with blewith floures in 
them : the roots creepe,and are fomewhat like thofe of A/paragus. This neither C/ufius nor Lobel 
found wilde, butit grew in the garden of John Mouton of Tourney,a learned Apotheearie, verie 
an in knowledge of plants : whereupon they both called it Eryngium pufilum planum 

outeni. 


q The Place. 
Thefe kindes of {ea Holly are ftrangers in England : we haue the firft and fecond in our London 
gardens. 
q The Time, 
They floure and flourith whenthe Thiftles do. 
The Names. ; 
Thefe plants be Eryngia puria,orbaftard Sea Hollies,and are lately obferued:and therefore they 
haueno old names, 
The firft may bee called in Lavine Eryaginm Borufficum, or Non fpiaofum : Sea Hollie without 
prickles. 
The fecond is called by AMatrhiolus, Eryngium planum,or flat Sea Holly : others had rather name 
it A lpinum Eryneinmor Sea Holly of the Alpes. 
The third is rightly called Eryngium pumilum, little Sea Huluer. t ; 
Matthiolus maketh the fourth tobe Crithmum quartum, or the fourth kinde of Sampier: and o- 
thers,as Dodomews and Label,hane made it a kinde of Sea Huluer. 
% q The Temperature and ¥ erties. 
Touching the faculties hereof we haue nothing to fer downe, feecing they haue as yet novfein 
medicine,nor vfed tobe eaten.But yet that they be hot,the very tafte doth declare, 


C HA P& 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Eras x 


Cuar. 486. OfStar-Thiftle. 
4} The Defcription. . 


He Star-Thiftle, called Carduus ffellatus, hath many foft frizled leaues, deepely cut or 

gafht,alrogether without prickles : among which rifeth vpa ftalke,diuiding it felfe in- 
~ tomany other branches, growing two foot high ; onthe tops whereofare {mall knops 
orheads like the other Thiftles, armed round about with many: fharpe prickles,fafhioned like a 
blafing {tar,which at the beginning are ofa purple colour,but afterwards ofa pale bleak os whitifh 
colour ; the feed is fmall,flat,and round; the root is long,and browne without. 


1 Carduns fteHatus. f 2 (arduus Solititialss, 
The Star-Thiftle. Saint Barnabigs Thittle. 
Conta uned- Calc feafra Comniigt at Laz Coy ‘ 


‘ i | 
; 
| 
: 
' » Saint Barnabies Thiftle is another kinde of Star-Thiftle,notwithftanding it hath prickles no 
{ a where faue in the head onely, andthe prickles of it ftand forth in manner ofa ftar : the ftalks are 
H Isl two cubits high, parted into diuers branches fofter than are thofé of ftar-Thiftlewhich ftalks haue 
el iad velmes or thin skins cleauing vnto them all in length,by which they feeme to be foure-fquare: the 
ee leaues are fomewhat long, fet with deep gathes on the edges : the flouresare yellow,and confift of 
A At en} threds : the feed is little-the rootlong and flender. 
iat : 1, ae @| The Place. 
j ; ata 1 | The two fir do grow vpon barren places neere vnto cities and townes, almoft euery where. 
RG) ae F q The Time, 


; They floure and flourifh efpecially in Iuly and Auguft. 

a The Names. : 

; atine,Stellaria sas alfo Carduus Stellatus, and likewife Carduns Calcttrapa 5 

| | Du rec d, who take it to be Eryazinm,or Sea-Holly, or any kinde thereof. Matthiolus 

1} | hit | faith that itis called in Italian Cale atrippa « inhigh Dutch, Dalle Diffel : in low Dutch, SHterve 

j Diftell: in French ,Chau/f* trappe : in Enclith,Star-Thiftle. 

S.Barnabies Thiftle is called in Latine Solffitialis pina, becaufe it floureth in the Sommer Sol- 
_ {tice 


The firfkis called i 
but they are dec 


Lina Of the Hiftroy of Plants. 1167 


ftice,as Gefrer faith, or rather becaufe after the Solftice the prickles thereof be tharpeft:of Guillay- 
dinus,Erynzinmput not properly,and stellaria Horatij Augery, who with good fucceffe 
the ftone,dropfies,srcene fickneffe,and quotidian feuers.It is called in Englith as abo 
Barnabies Thiftle. 


e The Temperature. 

The Star-Thiftle is‘ofa hot nature. 

@ The Vertues. , 

The feed is commended againft the ftrangurie : it is reported todriue forth the ftone,ifitbee A 
drunke with wine. es: 

Baptifta Sardus affirmeth, that the diftilled water of this Thiftle is a remedie for thofe that are in- RB 
fected with the French Pox, and that the vfe of this is good for the liver, that itrakerh away the 
{toppings thereof. s 

That it clenfeth the bloud from corrupt and putrified humours, Cc 

That it is given with good fucceffe againft intermitting feuers ; whether they be quotidian or D 
teftian. 

As touching the faculties of Saint Barnabies Thiftle, which are as yet not found out, we haue £ 
‘nothing towrite. 


J There were formerly three figures and deferiptions inthis chapter,and all ofthem outof the 14 and 15.chaptec.of the fifth beoke, and fifth Pemptat of Do- 
Génaussbue the firit and (ccond figures were both of tne firlt deferibed,the third figure was of the Acanthuers peregrinum of Tabernamontanus,which Bauhmekaowes 
not whar to make of,bat Ichinkd it was drawne for,and(ifthe tuberous clogs of the roots were fomewhat larger) might very well (crue for the Cirfiten maximum 
Alphodeli radice,whofe figure as I drew it from the plant Iwallhereaftcr give you: the third defcription wasofihe Lacea maior listea, defcribed in the third place of 
she 249. Chap. pag.7a7- 


Cuar. 487 Of Teafels. 


q The Kinds. 
OV! age hath fet downe two kitides of Teafels:the tame,and the wilde. Thefe differ not faue on? 
ly inthe husbanding ; for all things that are planted and manured doe more flourith, and bes 
come for the moft part fitter for mansvfe; 


1 Dipfacus fativus 2 Dipfacus fjlueffris, 
Garden Teafell. -~ f — WVilde Teafel], é 
OF Upsacarg UXE ONDA p 84 2 sts ' 
ay DW), r@re BH \ \\ 


SN 


58 Of the Hiftory of Plants. “Espen. 


£ 3 Dipfacus minor, five Virga paftoris. GQ The Defcription. 
Sheepheards-rod. j 
Resues plo eles = 1 Arden Teafel is alfoof the number 
acne of the Thiftles , irbringeth forth a 
ftalke that is ftraight, very long, 
iointed,and ful of prickles:the leaues grow forth 
of the ioints by couples, not onely oppofite or 
fet one right againft another,but alfo compat 
fing the ftalke about,and faftened together;and 
fo faftened, that they hold dew and raine water 
in manner of alittle bafon: thefe be long, of a 
light greene colour,and like to thofe of Lettice, 
but full of prickles in the edges,and haue on the 
outfide all alongft the ridge ftiffer prickles: on 
the tops of the ftalkes ftand heads with fharpe 
prickles like thofe of the Hedge-hog, and croo- " 
king backward at the point like hookes: out of 
which heads grow little floures: The feed is like 
Fennell feed, and in tafte bitter: the heads wax 
white when they grow old, and there are found 
in the midft ofthem when they are cut, certaine 
little magots : the root is white, and ofa meane 
length. 

2. The fecond kinde of Teafell which is al- 
foakinde of Thiftle,is very like vntothe former, 
but his leaues are fmaller & narrower:his floures 
ofa purple colour,and the hooks of the Teafell 
nothing fo hard or fharpe as the other,nor good 
for any vfe in dreffing ofcloath. 

3 There is another kinde of Teafell, being a 
wilde kinde therof, and accounted among thefe . 
Thiftles, growing higher than thereft of his kindes ; but his knobbed heads.are no bigger than a 
Nutmeg, in all other things elfe they are like to the other wilde kindes. + This hath the lower 
Jeaues deeply cut in with one gath on each fide at the bottome of the leafe, which little ears are o- 
mitted in the figure: the leaves alfoare Jeffe than the former, and nartower at the fetting on, and 
hold no water as the two former do: the whole plant is alfo much leffe. ¢ 

q The Place. 

The firft called the tame Teafell is fowne in this countrey in gardens, to ferue the vfe of Fullers 
and Clothworkers. 

The fecond kinde groweth in moift places by brookes,riuers,and {uch like places. 

The third f found growing in moift places in the high way leading from Braintree to Henning- 
ham caftle in E ffex,and not in any other place except here & therea plant vponthe high way from 
Much-Dunmow to London, +I found it growing in great plentie at Edgecombe by Croyden, 
clofeby the gate of the houfe ofmy much honoured friend Sir John Tunstall, 

qq The Time. 
Thefe floure forthe moft part in Iune and Iuly. 
| The Names. 

Teafell is called in Greeke «ijamt, and likewife in Latine, Dipfacus, Labrum Venerisand Carduus 

Venerts :it is cermed Labrum Venerisand Lauer Lawacrum, of the forme of the leaues made vp in fa- 


* fhion ofa bafon, which is neuer without water : they commonly call it Virea pafforis minor, and 


Carduus fullonum : inhigh Dutch karden Difkell : in low Dutch, Caerden: in S panith,C ardencha : 
and Cardo Pentcador : in Italian, Diffaco, and Gardo : in French, Chardon de foullon,Verge a bergier : in 
Englifh, Teafell,Carde Teafell, and Venus bafon. 


The third is thought tobe Galedragon Plini : ofwhich he hath written in his 27. book the tenth 
Chapter. 


@| The Temperature. 


Therootes of thefe plants are drie in the fecond degree , and have a certaine clenfing fa- 
cultie, 


g The 


“Lissa Of the Hiftorieef Plants. He 


—____ 


@ The Vertues, 
There is {mall vfe of Teafell in medicines : the heads (as we haue faid) are vfed to diefle wool- AK 
Jencloth with. I rad 

Diofcorides writeth,that the root being boiled in wine, 8 ftamped till itis cometo the fubftance B 
ofa falue,healeth chaps arid fiftulaes of the fundament, ifit be applied thereunto;and that this me- 
dicine muft be referued ina box of copper, and thatalfo it is reported tobe good for all kindes of 
warts. 

Iris needleffe here to alledge thofe things that are added touching the little wormes or magors © 
found in the heads of the Teafell, and which are tobe hanged about the necke,or to mention the ~* 
like thing that Pliny reporteth of Galedragon: for they are nothing elfe but moft vaine and trifling 
toies,as my felfe haue proued alittle before the impreffion hereof, hauing amoft gricuous ague, 
and of long continuance: notwithftanding Phy ficke charmes,thefe worms hanged about my neck, 
{piders put intoa walnut fhell, and diuers fuch foolith toies that I was conftrained to take by fan- 
tafticke peoples procurement,notwithftanding I fay.my helpe came from Ged himfelfe, for thefé 
medicines and all other fuch things did me no good atall, 


‘t The fgnre which formerly was put into the fecond place,was of the Dipfacus fecundus of Tabernamontanis,twhich differs from ont commo n one, in that the leaw eg 
Gre deeply diuided, or cut in on their edges. 


i 
ee ayerr gs. ; uh) 
Cuar. 488, Of Baftard Saffron. eh 
¥ 1 Carthamus fiue Cnicus. + 2 Cnitns alter ceruleus. 
Baftard Saffron. Blew floured Baftard Saffron; 


‘i f 
} 


| The Defiription, 


I Nicus,called alfo baftard Saffton,which may very wel be reckoned among the Thiftles, 
rifeth vp with a ftalke of a cubite anda halfe high, ftraight, {mooth,round,hard, and 
wooddy,& branched at the top:itis defended with leng leaues,fomthing broad,tharp 
5 ae FEfft pointed) 


1170 ~—~—~*«*«*«Ci the:‘Aiftory of Plants. Linz. 


~ pointed and with prickles in theed ges: from the tops of the ftalks ftand out little heads or knops 
of the bigneffe ofan Oliue or bigger, fet with many fharpe pointed and prickly {cales:out ofwhich 
come forth floures like threds ,clofely compaét,ot a deepe yellow fhining colour, drawing neere to 
the colourof Saffron : ynder them are long feeds,{mooth, white, fomewhat cornered,biggerthana 
Barly corne,the huske wheseof is fomething hard,the inner pulpe or fubftance is fat,white,fweet in 
tafte:the root flender and vnprofitable. 

2 There is alfo another kinde of Baftard Saffron,that may very well be numbred amongft the 
kindes of Thiftles, and is very like vnto the former, fauing that his flockie or threddie floures,are 
ofa blew colour: the root is thicker, and the whole plant is altogether more fharpe in prickles;the 
ftalks alfo are more crefted and hairie, 

@ The Place. 

It is fowne in diuers places of Italy,Spaine, and France, both in gardens and in fields : Pliny, 
116.25. cap. 15. faith,that in the raigne of Vefpafian this was not knowne in Italy , being in Egypt 
onely of good account, and that they vfed to make oile of it, and not meat. 

The Time. - 

The floures are perfected in Iuly and Augutt : the root after the feed is tipe, the fame yeare it is 
fowne withereth away. P 
© The Names. 

It is called in Greeke wis :in Latine alfo Cuicys,or Cnecus sin fhops,Cartamus,or Carthamum : of 
diuers,Crocus horten(is,and Crocus Saracenicus : in \talian,Zaffarano Saracine(co,and Zaffarano falwatico: 
in Spanith,4/afor,and S emente de papagaios : in high Dutch, natiden Zoatrans in French, Safran 
ai Sanuage : inEnglith, Baftard Saffton:offome; Mocke Saffron, and Saffron Drorte,as though you 
Hi fhould fay Saftron de horte,or of the garden. Theophraftus and Pliny call it Cnecus urbanaand | fatiuvaor 


; i i} tame and garden baftard Saffron,that.it may differ from  4tracilis, which they make to bea kinde 
| of Cnicus fylueftris, or wilde Baftard Saffron, but rather a fpecics of the Holy Thiftle. 

Paes | | The Temperature, 

ia | We vie faith Galta,the feed onely for purgations : it is hot, and that inthe firft degree, as Mte/uee 
Z hem it writeth. 
; BH @ The Vertues. 

“A _ The iuice of the feed ofbaftard Saffron bruifed and ftrained into honied water or the brothofa 
: ye chicken,and drunke,prouoketh tothe {toole,and purgeth by fiege flimy flegme,and fharp humors : 


{ Morcouer it 1s good againft thecollicke, and ditficultie of taking breath, the cough,and ftopping 
ofthe breft,and is fingular againft the dropfie. 
B The feed vfed as aforefaidand ftrained into milke,caufeth it to curdle and yeeld much eruds,and 
maketh it of great force to loofe and open the belly. 
C — The floures drunke with honied water open the liuer,and aregood againft the iaundice:and the 
floures are good to colour meat in ftead of Saffron. 
¥ D The feed is very hurtful! to the ftomacke,caufing defire to vomite,and is ofhard flow digeftion, 
remaining long inthe ftomacke and entrailes. 
E  Puttothe fame feed things comfortable to the ftomacke,as Annife feed, Galingale,or Mattick 
, Ginger,Sa/gemme,and it {hall not hurt the ftomacke at all, and the operation thereof {hall be the 
att more quicke and f{peedy. ; 
F Of the inward pulpe or fubftance hereof is made a moft famous and excellent compofition to 
purge water with,commonly called Diachartamon,a mof fingular and effectual purgation for thofe 
; H t hat haue the dropfie. 
| t G__ Theperfect defcription hereof is extant in Guido the Surgion, in his firft DoGrine,and the fixe, 


Tra&ate, 
| Ho Wehaue not read,or had in vfethat Baftard Saffron with the blew floure, and therefore can fay 
| nothing of his vertues. 
én ily { 
, 4 { | FT Thefigure formerly was of the Cnicss caerilens 
i Py 
Moat st au) 
- wl daly i" es. 


Cuar. 489, Of Wilde Baftard Saffron: 


| The Defcription. 


a 


1 Tractylis, otherwife called wilde Baftard Saffron,bringeth forth a ftraight and firme 

ftalke, verie fragileor brittle,diuided at the toppe into certaine branches : it hath 

i ~ ; long, 
‘fl Ss 


L 1B. 2. ¥ OF the Hiftory of Pisktas 


. W173 

long iagged leaues fet with prickles:the'heads on the tops of the branchesare very ful of harp ptic- 
kles’: out of which grow floures all ofthreds,like thof of baftard Saffron, bur they are ofa light 
yellow colour,and fometimes purple: the feed is fomewhat great,browne,and bitter,orierwife lik & 


that of baftard Saffron : the root is ofa meane bigneffe, 


x 4trattylis, 2 Carduus Benedilbne2 
Wilde Baftard Thiftle. The bleffed Thiftle. 


‘2 The ftalkes of Cardums Benedidtws, ax Blefled Thiftle,areraund,rough,and pliableand being 
parted into diuers branches, do lie flat on the ground : the leaues are iagged round abou 
of harmleffe prickles in the edges : the heads on the tops of the ftalks are {er wich pric! 
ironed with fharpe prickling leaues,out of which ftandeth a yellow floure:the feed is 
with haires.at the top likea beard : thereat is white,and parted into ftrings : the whole hie 
and ftalks,and alfo the heads,are couecred with a foft and thin downe. 

a The Place. / 

Atratylis groweth in Candie,and in diuers prouinces and Iflands of Greece,and alfo in Langue. 
docke : and is an herbe growing in our Englith gardens, 

Carduus Benedi dus is found euery where in Lemnos, an Ifland of the Midland Sea,in Champi- 
on grounds, as Petrus Bellonius teftifiech : it is diligently cherithed in Gardens in thefe Northerne 
parts, 


g Cab 


G The Time. 
(Atractylis is very late before it floureth and feedeth. 
Carduus Benediys oureth in luly and Auguft,at which time it is efpecially to be gathered fer 
-Phy ficke matte , P 


q. The Names. 
Atractylis iscalled in Grecke asexniieéype :0f the Latins likewife, dtractylw,and Caicus (jlucftrisand 
becaufe women in the old time were wontto vie the ftiffe ftalk thereof pro fifo aut colo,tora fpindle 


ora diftafi isnamed Fufus agreffis,and Colus Ruffica, which thing Petrus Belonius veporteth the 
women in Greece do al fo euenat this day .who call Atraitylés by acomuptname Ardactyla ; divers 


of the later herbarifts name it Sy/ueftrisCarthamus:that is to fay inlow Dutch, ypilden Carthanugss 
and in Englith,wilde Battard Saffron; orSpindle Thiftle, : 
Bleffed Thiftle is called:in Latine cucry where Caravus Benediéas, andinthops by a compound 

F i FLfff z word; 


enews = rem 


a 


1172. 


B 


~~ Ofthe Hitftory of Plants. 


word Cardo-benediéius : itismoftplaine,that it is Species Atractylidujora kind of wilde baftard Saf. 


Lis. 2. 


fron : itis called Atraétyls hir{utiorhairie wilde baftard Saffron : Valerius Gordusnameth it Cnicus 
fupinns+ itis called in high Dutch, Seleegnete difteli Akavdo Benedict : the larer name whereof is 
knowne tothe low Countrey men: in Spanifh itis called Cardo Sanéto ; in French, ¢ hardon Leroift 


or benciff : inthe Ifle Lemnos,Garderacantha:in Englith,Blefl 


the Latine name Carduus Benedictus. 


fing andiopening. 


chimus Camerarius of Norem berg. 


ed Thiftle,but more commonly by 


q The T emperature. 
Wildebaftard Saffron doth drie and moderately digeft, as Galen witnefleth. 
As Carduus Benedictus is bitter,fo is italfo hot and drie in the fecond degree, and withall clen- 


gq The Vertues. 

A Thetops,feed,and leaues of Atractylis faith Diofcorides being beaten and drunk with pepper and 

wine,atea remedie for thofe thatare {tung of the {corpion, 
Blefled Thiftle taken in meat or drinke, is good for the fwimming and giddineffe of the head, it 

{trengthneth memorie,and isa fingular remedie againft deafenefle, 

C © The fame boiled inwineand drunke hot,healeth the griping paines of the belly, killeth and ex- 

" pelleth wormes,caufeth fweat,prouokech vrine,and driueth out grauel,clenfeth the ftomack, and is 

very good againtt the Feuer quartaine. ; 

D  Theiuice of the faid Cardwus is fingular good againft all poifon,as Hierome Backe witnefleth,. in 

what fort foeuer the medicine be taken, and helpeth the inflammation of the liuer,as reporteth /oa- 


E The ponder of the leaues miniftred inthe quantitic of halfea dram, is very good againft the pe- 
ftilence,if it be receiued within 24 .houres after the taking of the ficknes,and the party fweat vpon 
the fame : the like vertue hath the wine,wherein the herbe hath been fodden. 

F The green herb pounded and Jaid to,is good againft all hot {wellings,as Ery/ipelas placue-fores, 
and botches,efpecially thofethat proceed of the peftilence, and is alfo good tobe laied vponthe 
bitings of mad dogs, ferpents,fpiders,or any venomous beaft whatfocuer 3 and {0 is it hikewife if ir 


be inwardly taken. 


G = Thediftilled water thereof is of leffe vertue. 

It is reported that it likewife cureth ftubborne and rebellious vicers, if the decodtion be taken 
forcertaine daies together;and likewife Arwoldus de Villa noua reporteth, that if it be ftamped with 
Barrows greafe to the form of an vaguent,adding thereto a little wheat Houre, it doth the fame,be- 


H 


I 
K 


L 


ing applied twicea day. 


The herbe alfo is good being {tamped and applied, and fo is the iuice thereof. 

The extra ction of the leaues drawne according to Art,is excellent good againft the French dif- 
eafe,and quartaine agues,as reporteth the forefaid Camerarius. 

The fame Author reporteth,that the diftilled water taken with the water of Lonage,and Dod- 
der,helpeth the fauce-flegme face, if it be drunke for certaine daics together. 


Cuar. 490. Of Thifllevpon Thiflle, and diners other 


Wilde Thiftles. 


| The Defcription, 


I Mong allthe Thornes and Thiftles,this is moft full of prickles,the ftalks thereof are 
verie long, and {eem to be cornered by reafon of certaine thin skins growing to them, 
being fent downe forth of the leaues : the leaues are fer round about with many deep 


gathes,being very full of prickles as well as the ilalks : the h 


eads are very thicke fet in euery place 


with ftiffe prickles, and confift of a multitude of feales - out ofwhich grow purple floures.as they 
do out of other Thiftles, feldome white:the root is almott ftraight,but it groweth not deep. 


2 Tothisalfo may be referred that which Lobel 


duus ferox for it is fo called of the w 


writeth to be named of the Italians Zea,and Car- 
onderfull fharpe and ftiffe prickles wherewith the whole plant 


aboundcth : the ftalke thereof is hort, {carce a handful high: the floure groweth forth ofa pric- 


kly head,and is ofa pale yellow colour, like that of wildeb 
and fet round about on every fide with long hard thornes an 
3. The third groweth fel 
ftalkes,parted into diuers branches 
and blacker,and not couered with di 


aftard Saffron,and it is alfo inuironed 
d prickles. 
dome abouea cubite or two foot high: it bringeth forth many round 


3 the leaues are like tho of white Cotton Thiftle, but Jeffer, 
pwae ot Cotton: vpon.the tops of the ftalks grow little heads 


like 


1B. 2s Of the Hiftory of Plants. 73 


+ 1 Polyacanthos. 2 Carduus firox. 


ThiftleVpon Thiftle, a Fhe cruel! Thiftle, ! 
Corda S ive pas icles. 


t 3 Carduns Alninus five Onopyxos. # 4 Carduus vulgatifimus viarune, 
The Ailes Thiftleor Affes box] os The Way. rhiftle, 


ANWAALil —— 


“T174, Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


Dwohoyreumn~— 


all 


eauing {eedes behinde them like thote of theother Thiftles : the root confiferh of many ff 
firings. 

4 The fourth rifeth vp with an higher ftalke,now and then a yard long,round and rot fo full of 
branches nor leaues,which are fharpe and full of prickles, but leffer and narrower :the heads beak. 
fo leffer,longer,and not fo full of flitfe prickles : the Houres are ofa white colour, and vanifh tito 
downe :the roor is blacke,and ofa foot long. 

5  Thiswilde Thiftlewhich groweth in the fieldsabout Cambricge, hath anvpright ftallic, 
whereon do grow broad prickley leaues : the floures grow on the tops of the branches confifting pF 
a flockiedowne,of awhite colour tending to purple, of amof pleafant {weer {mell, friumgwith 
the fauour of muske: the root is {mall,and perifheth at theapproch of Winter. t Ihadno howe 
directly fitting this ; wherefore I put that of Dodoneus his Onopordonwhich may well ferue for it, f 


the leaues were narrower, and more dinided. + ’ 
enn oft 


UMN . Lore , nae Jos 
mee Ugh 


45 Carduus Mufcatus. 
The musked Thiftle, 
Cav dius Nant, 


« dlasoviatro 


y Wass Sele 


6 The Speare Thiftle hathanvpright ftalke, gan ifhed with a skinnie membrane, full of mo 
fharpe prickles: whereon do grow very long Jeaues, di vided intodiuers parts with tharp prickles, 
the point of the leaues are as the point of a {peare, whe."eOf it tooke his name:the floures growon 
the tops of the branches, fet ina fcaly prickly head, like vnt the heads of Knapweed in forme, con- 
fifting of many threds of a purple colour : the root confifteth of many tough ftrings. 

7 Theophrafus his fith Thiftle called 4carna, which was brought from Illyria to Venice, by 
the learned valerandus Donrex, , defcribed by T heophraftwshath horrible tharpe yellow prickles, fer 
vpon his greene indented leaues, which are couered onthe backe fide with an hoarie downe (as all 
the reft of the plant) hauing a ftalke of a cubit and a halfe high,and at the top certaine fealy knops 
containing yellow thrummie floures, armed or fenced with horrible fharp prickles:the root is long 
and threddie. 

& The other kinde of fith Thiftle, being alfoanother Acarna of Valerandus defcription, hath 


long and Jarge leaues, fet {ul,offharpe prickles,as though it were fet full of pins:all the whole plant 


is couered with a certaine hoarineffe,like the former: there arifeth vpa ftalke nine inches long, yea 
in fome fertile grounds a cubite high,bearing the floure of Cardwus bemdjéfus,franding thicke toge- 
ther,but leffer. 

¢ 9 This 


‘Lis.2 Of the Hiftory of Plants: 1i75 


7 Acarna Theophrafti. $ AcaruaV alerandi Donrez, 


Theophraftas his fith Thiftle, DonreX his fith Thiftle. 


ay + 9 Picnomos. 
The thicke or buth headed Thiftle. 


$ 5 This Thiftle in the opinion of Bav- 
bine, whereto I much incline, is the fame with 
the former. The root is fall, the leaues long, 
welting the ftalks at their fetting on,and armed 
onthe edges with fharpe prickles: the ftalkes 
lie trailing on the ground like thofe of the ftar- 
Thiftle, fo fetwith prickles, that one knoweth 
not where to take hold thereof: ie hath many 

‘clofely compaé& vmbels, confi ting of pale yel- 
lowith little floures like thofe of Groundiwell : 
the feed is like that of Carthamus, {mal and chaf- 
fie. Penaand Lobel call this Picnomos Crete Salo- 
stnfis,of a place in Prouince where they. fir 
found it, called the Crau. being not farre from 
the city Salon. Tabernamontanus fer it forth for 
Chameleon niger, and our Author formerly gaue 
the figure hereof by the fare title, though his 
hiftorie belonged to another, as [ haue former- 
ly noted. + 

@ The Tire, 

Thetwo firft grow on diuers banks rior farre 
from mount Apennine,and fometimes in Italy, 
but yet feldome. : 

Theway Thiftles grow enery where by high- 
waies fides and conmon paths in grear plenty. 

The places of the reft haue beene fuiticiently 
fpoken of in their deferiptions. 


G The 


4 
hy 
' | | 
; 
| | 
Py a BED 
& HER 
i ry 
Pies he ee} 
: jm} ‘ 
i : 
NE. | 
Pt) ea 
ae 


“41;6 Of the Hifto:y of Plants, Lis 


| The Time. 
Thefe kindes of Thiftles do floure from the beginning of lune vatill the end of September. 
q The Names, 

Thefe Thiftles comprehended in this prefent chapter are by one general] name called in Laz 
tine Cardut fyleftres, or wilde Thiftles ; and that which is the fecond in order is named Scolymus : 
butnotthat Scolymus which Theophr, declareth to yeelda milky iuyee (of which wee haue written 
before)but one of thofewhich P/:y in his twentieth booke, c-p.23.delcribeth : of fome they are 
taken for kindes of Chameleon: their feuerall titles do fet forth their feuerail Lacine names, and 
alfo the Englith. eto s ‘ ‘ape : 

+  Therewas formerly much confufion in this chapter, both in the figures and hiftorie, which 
I will here endeauour toamend, and giue as much lightas I can,to the obfeuritie of our Authour 
and fome others ; towhich end I haue made choice of the names as the fitteft place. 

t This defcription was taken out of Dodonaws, and the title alfo of Oxopordon which was. for- 
merly put ouer the figure,and they belong to the Thiftle our Author before deferibed by the name 
of acanehinm purp. Illyricum, cap.476. Lhaue therefore changed the title, yet let the defcription 
{tand, for it reafonablewel! agrees with the figure which is of the Carduus [prna/ifimus vulgaris of 
Lobel, and Polyacantha Theophrafti of Tabern, Of this Thiftle I obferue three kindes: the fi 


rf is a 
Thiftle fome two cubits and a halfe high, with many {lender ftalkes and branches exceeding pric- 


‘kly, hauing commonly fiue prickly welts running a'ongft the ftalks the leaues onthe wppet tides 


as alfo the ftalkes are ofa reafonable freth greene colour, but the vnderfide of the Jeafe is fomyhat 
whitifh : the heads confift of fundry hairy greene threds which looke like prickles, but they are 
weake, and not prickly : the floure is of the bignefle, and of the like co'our and fhapeas the cony- 
mon Knapweed, yet fomwhat brighter : it growes on ditch fides, and floures in Iuly. “This I take 
to bethe Acwleofa Gafe of the Aducrf- pag. 3 4. but not thatwhich Lobe! figures for it in his cones. 
This is that which Tabernamontanus figures for Polyacantha,and our Author gaue his figure in this 
place. The fecond of thefe I take to be that which Lobet hath figured for Po/y.cantha,and Dodenens 
for Carduus fyl, 3. (which figure we here giue you) and in the Ai/f. Lugd. pag.1473. it is both figuts 
red and defcribed by the name of Polyacanthos Theophraffi. In the figure there is little differences 
in the things them/elues this ; the ftalkes of this areas high as thofe of the laft, but flendereravith 
fewer and ftraighter branches, and commonly edged with foure large welts,which haue fewer, yet 
longer prickles than thofe of the former : the leaues and ftalkes of this are of a Srayith or whitifh 
colour: the heads are longifh,but much fimaller than hofe of the former,and they feldom open or 
{pred abroad their floures, but onely fhew the tops of diuers reddith threds of a feint colour. This 
growes as frequently as the former, and commonly in the fame places. The third, which I thinke 
may fitly be referred vnto thefe, growes On wet heaths and fuch like places, hauinga ftalke fome- 
times foure or five cubits high, growing ftraight vp, with few branches, and thofe fhort ones : the 
floures are of an indifferent bignefle,and commonly purple, yet fometimes white, I thinke this 


may be the O#opyxos alter Lugdunenf. or the Carduns paluftrs defcribed in Bauhinus his Prodromus, 
pag. 156. 

2 The fecond,which isa ftrangerwith vs, is the Phenix, Zco & Carduus ferex of Lobel and Dod, 

Bauhine hoth refer'd it to Acarna, calling it C4 carna minor caule non (oliofo. 
3. The third defcriptionwasalfo ontof Dodineus, being of his Carduus fylueftris primus, or the 
Ovnopyxos Dodonai of the Hi/?, Lugd. The figures formerly both in the third and fourth place of this 
chapterwere of the CAcanthinm IMlyricum of Lobel , or the Onopordon of Dodoneus, formerly mene 
tioned, 

4 Thisdefeription alfo was outof Dodoneus, being of his Carduus fjlueffris alter,acrecing im 
all things but the colour of the floures,which fhould be purple. Lobel in his Obferuations defcri- 
beth the fame Thiftle by the name of Garduus vile ati(Simus viarum : but bothhe and Dedor. giue 
the figure of Carlinafylueftris for tt: but neither the floures nor the heads of that agree with that 
defeription. I iudge this tobe the Thiftle that Fabins Columna hath fet forth for the Ceanothas of 
Theophraftus ; and Tabern. for Carduns arvenfis : and our Author,though vnfitly, gaue itin the next 
place for Carduus mufcatus. 

5. The Muske-Thiftle I haue feene growing about Deptford, and (as far as my memory ferues 
me) it is very like to the third here defcribed : it growes better than a cubit high, with reafonable 
large leaues, and alfo heads which are alittle foft or downy, Jarge, with purple floures : rhe heads 
before the floures open fmell ftrong ofmuske. I haue found no mention of this but only in Ge/zer, 
de Colleétione in parte, where he hath thefe words ; Carduus arvenfis maior purpureo flore (qui flere 790- 
dium nato: Mofchum olebat ) floret tulio, Our Author formerly gauean vafit figure for this,as I for- 
merly noted. 


There is fufficient of the reft in their titles and defcriptions. £ 


Lineal Of the Hiftory of Plants: 1177 


, | The Temperature andVertues, 

’ Thefewild Thiftles (according to Galez)are hot and dry in the fecond degree,and that through 
the propertic of their effence they driue forth ftinking vrine, if the roots be boyled in Wine and 
drunke ; and that they take away the ranke fmell of the body and arme-holes. 

Diofcorides faith,that the rdot of the common Thiftle applied plaifterwife corre@eth the filthy 
fimell of the arme holes and whole body, 

And that it workes the fame effect if it be boyled inwine and drunkt,and that it expelleth plen- 
tie of ftinking vrine. 

The fame Author affirmeth alfo, that the herbe being as yet greene and tender is vfed to be. ea- 
tenamong other herbes after the manner of Afparagus. 

Thisbeing {tamped before the floure appeareth, faith Pliny and the iuyce prefléd forth,canfeth 
haire to grow where it is pilled off, if the place be bathed with the iuyce. 

* The root ofany of the wilde Thiftles being boyled in water aiid drunke, is reported to make 
them dry that drinke it. : 

It ftrengthneth the ftomacke;; and it is reported (if we beleeue it)thar the fame is alo good for 
the matrix, that boyes may be ingendted : for fo Chereas of Athens hath written,and Glancias, who 
is thought towrite moft diligently of Thiftles. 

This Thiftle being chewed is good againft ftinking @reath. Thus farre Pliny, in his twentieth 
booke, cap.23. 


Cuap. 4ol. Of the M. elon or Hedge-bog Thiftle. 


Melocarduus Echinatus Peite ce Lob. @ The Defcription. 
The Hedge-hog Thiftle. 


V Ho can but maruel at the fare and fin- 
gular workmanfhip which the Lord 
God almighty hath-fhewed in this Thiltle, 
called by the name Echino-Melocattos, or Me- 
lo-carduws Echinatws? This knobby or bunchy 
maffe or lump is ftrangely compaé and con- 
text together, containing in it fundty thapes 
and formes, participating of a Pepon ar Me- 
lon, and g Thiftle, oh being incorporate in 
one body ; which is made after the forme of 
a cock of hay, broad and flat below,but fharp 
toward the top, as big as a mans body from 
the belly vpward : on the outfide hereof are 
fourteene hard ribbes, defcending from the 
crowne to the loweft part, like the bunchy or 
out fwelling rib’of a Melon ftanding out,and 
chanelled betweene ; at the top or crowne of 
the plant iffueth forth a fine filken cotton, 
wherewith it is full fraught ; within which 
cotton or flockes lie hid certain fmal fheaths 
or cods,fharpeat the point,and ofa deep fan- 
guine colour, anfwering the cods of Capficumi 
or Indian Pepper, not in thew only,but in co- 
Jour, but the cads are fomewhat {maller. The 
furrowed or-chanelled ribs on the ourfide are 
garnifhed or rather armed with many prickly 
ftars, {tanding ina compaffe like fharpe croo- 
ked hornes or hookes, cach ftarconfifting of 
ten ortwelue pricks, wherewith the outward 
‘barke or pilling is garded; fo that withouc 
hurt tothe fingers it cannot be touched : this rinde is hard, thicke, and like vnto Aloes, ofthe ¢o- 
Jour of the Cucumber : the fleth or inner pulpe is white, fat, waterith, of tafte foure, vnfauory,and 
cooling, much like vnto the meate ofa raw Melon or Pompion. This plant graweth without leafe 
or ftalke,as our Northerne Thiftle doth, called Cardums Acaulos,and is bigger than the largeff 
En Oe ee Su : Pompion ; 


SS mn 


ae or Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lise2: 


Pompion: the roots are {mall,{preading farre abroad in the ground, and confifting of blacke and 
cough twigs, which cannot endure the iniurie of our cold clymate, 
@ The Place, \ 
This admirable Thiftle groweth vpon the cliffes and grauelly grounds neere vnto the fea fide,in 
the Iflands of the Welt Indies, called S. Margarets.and S .Johys Ule,neere vito Puerto rico, or Porto 
rico, and other places in thofe countries,by the relation of diuers trauellers that haue iournied in- 
to thofe parts, who haue brought me.the plant it felfe with his feed ; the which would not grow in 
my garden by reafon of the coldneffe of the clymate, 
, qT he Time. 
It groweth, floureth, and flourifheth all the yeare long,as do many ether plants of thofe Coun- 
tries. 
q The Names, 
Itiscalled Carduws Echinatus, Melocarduus Echinatus,and Echino Melocaétos : In Englith , the 
Hedge-hog Thiftle, or prickly Melon Thiftle. + Such as-are curious may fee more hereof in C/y. 
fius his Exoticks, lib.4.6aperae F 
9] The Temperature and Vertues. 
There is not any thing extant fet forth of the antient or of the later writers, neither by any that 
haue trauelled from the Indies themfeluesg therefore we leaue it toa further confideration. 


: : : : 
sik | | Cusr.4g2 Of the gummie Thiftle, called Euphorbinm, 
Ob ) Wh 
ee a vie 1 Euphorbium. a Anteuphorbinm, 
iy The poyfonous gum Thiftle. The Antidote again {ft the poyfonous Thiftle, 


a, 
{ | 
; | 
7 
} 
1} i 
ie 
bine 
a4 
i 
{ i| } rt 


} 
’ 
Wee @ The Defiription. 
qe Ba : a Sar BAIS ye 
PAvY i oe i 3 /’phorbium (whereout that liquor or gum called in fhops Euphorbinm is extracted) hath 
WR al! if very great thicke groffe and {preading roots, difperfed far abroad in the ground : from 


which arife.long and round leaues, almoft like the fruit of a great Cucumber, a foot 
anda halfe long, ribbed, walled, and furrewed like vato the Melon : thefe branched ribs are fet of 
ie 2 cee i Sia el laa Sit arme 


Seareemmhisiieomieeeee 


re Sao EE 


irmed for the moft part with certaine prickles ftanding by couples, the point or fharpe end of one 

zarding one way, and the point of another looking directly a cleane contraric way ; thefe prickes 
are often found in the gumme it felfe, which is brought vnto vs from Libyaand other parts : the 

leaues hereof being planted in the ground will take root well,and bring forth great increafe,which 
thing I haue proued true in my garden: it hath perifhed againe at the firft approch of winter, The 
fap or liquor that is extracted out of this plant isof the colour and fubftance of the Creame of 
Milke ; it burneth the mouth extremely, and the duft or pouder doth very much annoy the head 
and the parts thereabout, caufing great and vehement fneefing, and ftuffing of all the pores, 

2 This rare plant called Amteuphorbium hath a very thicke groffe and farre {preading root, very 
like vnto Euphorbinm , from which rifeth vp many round greene and flefhie ftalkes, whereupon do 
grow thicke leaues like Purflane, but longer,thicker,and fatter : the whole plant is full of cold and 
clammie moifture, which reprefleth the fcortching force of Evphorbium.and it wholly feemes at 
the firft view to bea branch of greene Coral], 


4, Calamus Perwvianus (pinofus Lobely. 


3 Cereus Peruvianus (pinofus Lobel. 
The thorny Reed of Peru, 


The Torch-Thiftle or thorny Euphorbium. 


TINK 


i} 


a es 


3. There isnot among the ftrange and admirable plants of the world any one that giues more 

. caufe of maruell, or more moueth the minde to honor and laud the Creator,than this plant,which 
is called of the Indians in their mother tongue Vragua, which is as much to fay, atoreh, taper, or 
wax candle ; whereupon it hath been called in Latine by rhofe that vaderftood the Indian tongue; 
Cereus, ora Torch. This admirable plant rifeth vp to the height of a {peare of twenty foot long, 
although the figure expreffe not the fame ; the reafon is,the plant when the figuxe was drawn.came 
to our view broken: it hath diuers bunches and vallies , euen as is to be feene in the fides of the 
Cucumber, that is, furrowed, guttered, or chamfered alongft the fame,and as itwere laid by adi- 
rec line, witha welt from one end vnto the other : vpon which welt or line do ftand fall ftar-like 
Thiftles, fharpe as needles, and of the colour of thofe of the Melon Thiftle, that is to fay, of a 
browne colour : the trunke or body isof the bigneffe ofa mans arme, ora cable rope; from the 
middle whereof thrutt forth diuers knobby elbowes of the fame fub ftance,and armed with the like 
prickles that the body of the trunke is fet wichall : the whole plant is thicke, fat, and fullof a fle- 
thie {ubftance, hauing much iuyce like that of Aloes,whenit is hardned,and of a bitcer tafte: the 


floures _ 


Lis. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1179 


Tae a ee 


Teese 


a ne rl AD SS: 


; 

+ 
ing 
aa 


yor Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants: 7 EB rai 


floures grow at the top or extremie point of the plant: after which follow fruit in fhape like a fig, 
full ofa red iuyee, which being touched ftaineth the hands of the colour of red Jeade: the tafte is 
not vipleafant. j 
There hath been brought from the Indiesa prickly reed of the bigneffe of a good big ftaf, 
of the length of fix of eight foot, chamfered and furrowed, hauing vpon two fides growing vnto it 
an vneuen membrane or skinny fubftance, as itwere a iag or welt fet vpon the wing of a garment, 
and vpon the very point of cuery cut or iagge armed with moft fharpe prickles: the whole trunke 
is filled full ofa fpongeous fubftance, fach as is in the hollownes of the brier or bramble ; amongft 
thewhich is to be feencas it werethe pillings of Onions, wherein are often found liuing things, 
thatat the firft {eeme tobe dead. The plant is ftrange, and brought dry from the Indies, therefore 
we cannot write fo abfolutély hereof as we defire ; referring what more might be faidtoa further 
confideration or fecond edition. 
G The Place. 
Thefe plants grow vpon Mount Atlas, in Libya, in moft of the Iflands of the Mediterranean, 
Ball fea, inal] the coaft of Barbarie,efpecially in S.Crux neere vnto the fea fide,in a barren place there 
JW RH called by the Englifh men Halfe Hanneken ; which place is appointed for Merchants to confer of 
} 


oF 


Ae their bufineffe, euen as the Exchange in London is : from which place my friend M'. William Mar- 


nat 


‘ 
| 
: iy tin, aright expert Surgeon, did procure me the plants of them for my garden, by his feruant r 
Mt he fent thitheras Surgeon of a fhip. Since which time I haue receiued plants ofdiuers others 
mil mir that haue trauelled into other of thofe parts and coafts : notwithftanding they haue not endured 
} i she cold ofour extreme Winter. 
| q The Time. 
They put forth their leaues in the Spring time, and wither away at the approch of Winter. 
| i q The Names. 
i It is called both in Greeke and Latine "8-944, Exphorbium : Pliny in one place putteth the herbe 
jis in the feminine gender, naming it Euphorbia : the iuyce is called alfo Euphorbion, and fo it is like- 
} wife in fhops : we are faine in Englith to vfe the Latine word, and to call both the herbe and iuyce 
4 aa eh by the name of Euphorbium, for other name we hauenone : it may be called in Englifh, the Gum 
’ | Thiftle. 
q| The Temperature. 
Enuphorbinm (that is to fay, the congealed inyce which we vie) is of a very hot, and, as Galen te- 
j ftifieth, caufticke or burning facultie, and of thinne parts; it is alfo hot and dry in the fourth de- 
Misi gree. 


; The Vertues. 
A Anemplaiftermade with the gumme Euphorbium,and twelue times fo much oyle, and a little 
wax, is very fingular againft all aches of the ioynts, lamenefle,palfies,crampes,and fhrinking of fi- 
newes, as Galen,lib.4.. de medicament is (ecudum genera, declareth at large,which to recite at this pre- 
. fent would but trouble you overmuch. 
B — Euphorbium mingled with oyle-of Bay and Beares greafe cureth the feurfe and. fealds of the 
head, and pildneffe, caufing the haire to grow againe, and other bare places, being anointed there- 

, | with. 
The fame mingled with oyle, and applied to the temples of fuch are very fleepie, and troubled 
with the lethargic, doth awaken and quicken their {pirits againe. ; 

If it be applied to the nuque or nape of the necke,it bringeth their {peech againe that haue loft 
it by reafon of the Apoplexie. 

Euphorbium mingled with vineger and applied taketh away all foule and ill fauoured fpots,in 
| what part of the body focuer they be. 

Being mixed with oyle of Wall-floures,as Me/ues faith,and with any other oyle or ointments,it 
j quickly heateth fuch parts as are ouer cold. 
Oh ivi Phi G Itis likewife a remedieagaint old paines in the huckle bones, called the Sciatica. 

ba ia \ H ’ 
{ 
| 


mM ih oo 


CAttins, Paulus, Aduarins,and Mefie doc report, That if itbe inwardly.taken it purgeth by 
fiege water and flegme, but ‘withall it fetteth on fire, fcortcheth and fretteth, not onely the 
Wane 3h a" throat and mouth, but alfo the ftomacke, liver, and the reft of the intrals,and inflames the whole 

Hie ii! bodie. : 

q — Forthatcaufe it muft not be beaten fmal,and it is to be tempered with fuch things as allay the 
heate and fharpeneffe thereof/and that make glib and flipperie; of which things there mutt be 
ii) fucha quantitie, as that it may be fufficient to couer all ouer the fuperficiall or outward part 

4 thereof. 
K — Buritis ahard thing fo tocouer and fold it vp, or tomix it, as that it will not burne or feortch. 
Forthough itbe tempered with neuer fo much oyle, if it be outwardly applied it raifech blifters, 
efpecially in them that haue foft and tender flefh, and therfore it is better not totake it peices 
Ce sae a tis 


| Saas 


Larne Bs Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Ret 


Itis troublefome to beate it, ynleffe the noftrils ofhim that beats it be carefully flonsed and 


defended ; for if ithappen that the hot fharpnefle thereofdoenteriato the nofe, it prefeatly cau- 
feth itching, and moueth neefing, and after that, by reafon of the extremitic of the beate,itdrawv= 
eth out aboundance of flegme and filth, and laftofall bloud, norwithout great quantity of teates. 

But againft the hot fharpneffe of Euphorbiur, it is reported that the inhabitants are remedied 
by acertaine herbe, which of the effetand contrarie faculties is named Axtenphorbinm. | his plant 
likewife is full ofiuyce, which is nothing at all hot and fharpe but coole and flimy,allaying the 


heate and fharpneffe of Euphorbium. We hauc not yet learned that tke old writers haue fet downe 
any thing touching this herbe, notwithftanding it feemeth tobe a kindeof Orpinewhich is the 


antidote or counterpoyfon againft the poyfon and venome of Euphorbinm, 


+ Cuar. doy Of foft Thiftles, and Thifile gentle. 


oan I "Hereare certaine other plants by moft writers referred tothe Thiftles ; whichbeing o. 
mitted by our Author, I haue thought fit here to give you. 


£ Cirfium maximum A [phodeli radice. 2 Cirfinm mains alternm, 
Greatfoftbulbed Thiftle. Great foft Thittle. 


q The Defcription. 


I He firft and largett of thefe hath roots confifting of great longifh bulbes like thofe of 

_ the Afphodill: from whence arife many large ftalkes three or foug cubits hish, cre- 

fred and downy : the leaues are very long and large, inycie, greenifh , and cut about 

the edges, and fet with foft prickles. Atthe tops of the ftalkes and branches grow heads roun d 
and latge,out whereof come floures confifting of aboundance of threds, ofa purple colour, which 
flieaway indowne. This growes wilde inthe mountainous medowes andin fome wet places of 
Aufiria. Uhaue feenc it growing in the garden of Mt. loha Parkinfon,and with M'.Tugzye. It 
floures in Tuly. Clufivs hath called it Cirfiun maximum moot incite folio, bulbofa radice. But he gaue 
no figure thereofnor any elfe, vale fle the Acanthisih perecrinum nT aberaimont. (which our Authot 


GSgss formerly 


M 


—s 


| 

: 

| 

| 

{ 
aia 

if 
til 
i 


1192, Of the Hiftory of Plants, ee 


formerly, as I before noted, gaue by the name of Su [ tiealss lutce porigrina) were intended fo 
plant, as | verily thinke irwas, Ihaue giucn youa figure whichI drew {ome ycares agoe by 
plant it felfe, ; 2 ae thendat aid 

2 The root of this is !ong,yer fending forth of the fides creeping fibres.bur not bulbous: the 
leaues are like thofe of the lait mentioned, but leffe, and armed with fl] arpe prick'es ofa greenifh 
colour, with the middie rib white: the heads fometimes ftand vptight, and otherwhiles hang 
downe ; they are very prickly, and fend forth fleures con{ifting of many cegant purple threds. The 

. ftalkes are thicke, crefted and welted with the fetting on of the leaues. This growes wilde vponthe 
fea coafts of Zeeland, Flanders, and Holland : it foures in lune and July :it is the Civ fire tertinm 
Of Dodonaus , and Cir [ium ma ius of Lobel, 

3. This whofe rootis fibrous and lining, fends forth leffer, narrower, and fofter leaues than 
thofe of the former, not iagged or cut about their edges, nor hoary, yet fer about with prickles: 
the ftalkes are crefted: the heads are {maller, and gtow three or foure together, carrying fuck pur 
ple floures as the former. This is that which Matthiolus ,Gefaer,and others have fet forth for Cif. 
ain : Dodoneus, for Cirfium 2.and Clufins hath it for his Cirfinw quartum, or Montanum (ecnndum, 


+ 3 Cirfium folys non hirfuris. 
Soft {mooth leaued Thiftle, 


£4 Cirfium montainim capittilis paruis. 
Small Burre Thiftle, 


2 
Bre 


\ 


S.,\ 


MD 


at The leaues of this are fomewhat like thofeof the 1 
ftalkes further at their fe tting on : they arealfo fet with 


ome tw inmate pes 5 i 
Renae Batt high, diuided into fundry long flender branches: on whofe tops grow litle 
5 "Bi prickly heads which after the floures come to perfection doe hang downewards, and at the 
eneth turne ip wne- ar Fr | Files 3 ; A 
SA eee downe : among ft which lies hid a {mooth fhining feed. This eroweth wilde in 
Momaniy 2-688 Of Hungarieand Auftria, It 1s the Cirfium of Dodoneus 3 the Cirfium 2. of 
0 a 1 G a) .. 4 . > m 
‘ Auta, 7 Of ChiBas and Cir fin alterum of Lobel.It floures in lune: the root is about the thick- 
Dene aceite little fincer. fibrous alfo, and lining 
5 1S fends vp lone navene, i) : E 2 
ofthetitidden of fire narrow leaues, hairy, and fet about the edges with flender prickles out 
der, tiff, and dom cates StOwes vpa flalke fometimesa foot, otherwhiles acubit hich, flen- 
CY, ture, and downy svponwh: ; : es its sabe 
a little nicked or cut j aE grow leaues fomewhat broad at their fetting on, and therealf> 
SSC OF CuE IN: this ftalke fometimes hath no branches, otherw! 


iles tw bree lone 
flender ones 8 a liles two or three lon 
cr Ones, at the tops hereof grow out of f{caly heads fuch floures as the common ’'Ki 


aft deferibed,but larger, and welting the 
prickles about the edges: the ftalks are 


Capiz. Of the Hiftroy of Plants. 1183 


£5 Cirfinm montana \A aglicwi. > 4 Cirfij Anglici alia Icon Pennei. 
eR ‘eee Paya Pemmies figure of the fame, 
Cou AS Na olinSeY , Ip tare ; 
rh | : willtifg. us tue Tero| ales Cid. 


“NS AS 


£ Cirfij Anglicé Icon Lobely. £ 6 Cardans mollis falijs diffectis, 
Lobels Raul ofthe fame. , Jagged leaued Thiftle gentle. 


~ AY, 


Ggggg 2 


us 4 Of the Hifterie of Plants. Lis.2. 

; one th * , hich lies hid a {mall fhining feed ikethe other plants 
yy . ee fede ick fibres, which run in ohSetoiindsaad here and there 
aie new heads. This plant wants no fetting forth ; for Clufius giues vs the figure and hiftorie 
Thaeon firft by the name of Cirfinm Pannonicum 1. pratenfé . ane gives hai Pee Sereok 
witha worfer figure, (which he receiued of D*. Thomas ay of Lon ov y 7 ae tse 
Anclicum2. Lobel alfo defcribed it, and fer it forth with a figure ae ee Z oF teadie fa- 
ded by the name of Cirfivm Anglicum. Banhine in his Pinax, deceiuec y thefe 4 expreffions, 
hath made thrée feuerall plants of this one ;a faule ee may aes f plese Clufius 
found it growing in the mountainous medowes alongft the eas the ‘iain oe Auftria: i eae 
the medowes at the foot of Ingleborow hill in Yorke-fhire : é¢/,in the mg ow ao . cal- 
ted AGonin Glocefter-fhire.I found this onely once, and that pete eae low a this fe igh- 
gate, hauing beene abroad with the Companie of Apothecaries, an rocnp iit ui pe in 
the companie of M*. Lames Wal/all, William Broad, and fome a we jee : gs 1 the fi- 
gures of Clufivs his owne inthe firft place,and that of D*, Penvy inthe fecond, but the former is the 
better: I haue alfo giuen you that of Lobel, 


6 Thefealfo C/ufits(whom I herein fol. 
low) addeth to the kindes of Thiftles. This 
iageed leafed one, which he calleth Carduns 
mollior primus, hath many leaues at the root, 
both {pred vpon the ground, and alfo ftan- 
ding vpright; and they are couered with a 
white and foft downinefle, yer greene on the 
vpper fide : they are alfo much diuided or 
cut in cuen to the middle rib, like to the fof- 
ter or tenderer leaues of the Starre Thiftle : 
they haue no prickles atallvpon them : out 
of the middett of thefe leaues grow Vp one or 
two ftalkes, round, crefted, purplith, hoarie, 
and fome cubit or better high. The leaues 
that grow vpon the lower part of the ftalke 
are diuided, thofe aboue not fo ; the tops of 
the ftalkes fometimes, yet very feldome, are 
parted into branches, which cary fealy heads 
containing elegant floures made of many 
purple ftrings. The.floure decaying , there 
fucceeds a cornered feed ; the root fomtimes 
equalls the thickeneffe ofones finger, brow- 
nifh, long, and fomewhat fibrous. It floures 
in May, and growes vpon the hilly places of 
Hungarie. 

7 . The ftalke of thisis fome foot or bet- 
ter high, thicke, crefted,and fomwhat hairy : 
the leaues about the root are fomwhat large, _ 
aud in fhape like thofe of Bonus Henricus, (a- 
bufiuely called in Englith, Mercurie) fome- 
what finuated about the edges, and fet with 
harmeleffe prickles, greene aboue, and verie 
hoarie vnderneath, like the leaues of the 


white Poplar : thofe that grow vpon the 
ftalke are leffer and narrower: out of whofe bofomes towards the tops of the ftalke grow out 


little branches which carry three,foure, or more little fealy heads like thofe of the Blew-Bottle,or 
Knapweed, whereout grow threddy blewith purple floures : the feed is wrapped in downe,and not 
wnlike that of Blew-Bottle: the root is blacke, hard, and lining, fending forth fhoots on the fides. 


alt growes vpon the higheft Auftrian Alpes, and floures in Iuly. Clufins calls this Carduns mollior 
Lapathi folio, ; 


£ 7 Carduus mollis folijs Lapathi. 
Docke Jeaued Thiftle-gentle. 


A) 


> ) yy kp 
D LvrH Kilo oh yo v 


@ The Temperature and V ertues, 
Thefe plants feeme by their tafte to be of a moderately heating and drying facultie, but none 
of them are vfed in medicine,nor haue their vertues fet downe by any Author, ¢ 


CHar. 


| Las. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1185 


Cuar. 494: 
Of three leafed Graffe, or MM edow Trefoile. 


@ The Kindes, 


Ts be diuers forts of three leafed Graffes, fome greater, others lefler ; fome beare floures of 
: one colour, fome of another : fome of the water,and others of the land : fome ofa fiveet {mel, 


others ftinking : and firft of the common medow Trefoiles, called in Irifh Shamrockes. 


1 Trifolium pratenfe, + 3 Trifolinmmaius flore albe. 
f ite, Great white Trefoile, 


Medow Trefoile. 
Zaibs PIES ven ms, 


dus or: im alo. 
AD» (6 


@ The Deféription. 


I A Edow Trefoile bringeth forth ftalkes acubit long, round,and fomething hairy, the 

h greater part of which creepeth vpon the ground ; whereon do grow leaues confifting 

of three ioyned together, one ftanding a little from another, ofwhich thofe that are 

next the ground and roots are rounder, and they that grow on thevpper part longer, hauing for the 

_* moft part inthe midfta white {pot like halfe moon. The floures gtow on the tops of the ftalkes in 

a tuft or {mall Fox-taile eare, ofa purple colour, and fweetoftafte. The feed groweth in little 
huskes, round and blackith : the root is long,wooddy,and groweth deepe. 

2 There is another of the field Trefoiles,differing from the precedent efpecially in the colour 
of the floures ; foras thofe are ofa bright purple, contrariwife thefe are very white, which maketh 
the difference. The leaues,floures,and all the whole plant is leffe than the former. 

3- 4. Thereisalfoa Trefoile of this kinde which is fowne in fields of the Low-Countries, in 
Italy and diuers other places beyond the feas,that commeth vp ranker and higher than that which 
groweth in medowes, and is an excellent food for cattell, both to fatten them, and caufe them to 
giue great {tore of milke. 

# Ofthis there isone more with white floures,which hath flalks fome foothigh, and narrow 
hairy leaues, with a root of the thickneffe of ones little finger, ThisisClufins his Trifolium maiue 

Ggggg 3 primum, 


1186 


+ 4. Trifolinm maius flo. PHrpUred. 
Great purple Trefoile. 


A) , } / 
Ci 
} ND ; 


yn 
UN) 
SN NZ 


+ 6 Trifolium luteum minimum, 
Little yellow Trefoile. 


Of the Hifterie of Plants. Bie B.2s 


£ 5 Trifolium luteum Lupulinum. 
MW tear up L ennrad 
QC oe, 
j ae 


F 


primum. The other hath ftalkes fome cubit high, 
with larger ioynts and leaues: the floure or head 
of floures is alfo larger, of an elegant red colour. 
This Clufius calls Trifolium maiustertium, 23 

5- 6. Likewifewehaueinour fields a {mal- 
ler Trefoile that bringeth forth yellow floures , a 
greater anda leffer, and divers others alfo, diffe- 
ring from thefé in diuers notable points, the 
which to diftinguith apart would greatly inlarge 
our volume, and yet to fmall purpofe: therefore 
we lcaue them tobe diftinguifhed by the curious, 
who may at the firft view eafily perceiue the diffe- 
rence, and alfo that they be of one ftocke or kin- 
dred. 

+ The greater of thefe yellow Trefoiles hath 
prety large yellow heads,which afterwardbecome 
of abrownith colour,and fomewhat refemble a 
H op:whence Thalius called it Lupulus (yluaticus, or 
Trifolium lutenm alterum lnpulinum : Dodoneus cals 
it Trifolium agrarium, The leaues are fmall, and 
lightly nickt about the edges. The leffer hath 
{maller and far leffer yellow heads, which are fuc- 
ceeded by many little crooked cluftring feeds:the 
Ieaues of this are {mall , and alfo {nipt about the 
edges:both this & the other haue two littleleaues 
clofe by the faftning of the foor-ftalkes of the 
Jeaues to the main ftalks ;wherfore I refer them to 
the Medicks,and vfually cal this later, Medica fem. 
racemofo, It isthe Trifol. luteum minimum of Pena 
and Lobel sand Trifolium arvenfe of Tabern. $ is 
| The 


———— Sau 


Lise Of the Hiftroy of Plants. 1187 


q The Place. 
_ Common Medow Trefoile groweth in medowes, fertile paftures, and waterifh grounds, The 
others loue the like foile. : : 


: Gq The Time, 

They floure from May tothe end of Sommer, 

The Names. 

Medow Trefoile is called in Latine Trifolinm pratenfe:in High Dutch, votfentlee:in low Dutch: 
Clauerert : in French, 7refleand Trainiere, and Vifumarus, as Marcellus an old writer teftifieth: in 
Englifh, Common Trefoile,Three-leafed gra fle: of fome; Suckles,and Honi-fuckles, Cocksheads - 
and in Irith, Shamrocks. i 


a 


| The Temperature, 
The Jeaues and floures of Medow Trefoiles are cold and drie. 
@ The Vertues. 
The decodtion of three leaued Graffe madewith honie,and vfed ina clyfter, is good againft the Al - 
frertings and paines of the guts, and driueth forth tough and flimie humours that cleaue ynto the 
} guts. 
r: The leaues boiled with a little barrowes greafe,and vfed as a pultis,take away hor fwellings and 
inflammations. 
Oxenand other cattell do feed of the herbe, and alfo calues and young Jambs. The floures are C 
acceptable to Bees. ' 
Pliny writeth,and fetteth itdowne for certaine,that the leaues hereof do tremble,and ftand right [) 
vp againft the comming of a ftorme or tempeft, 
The medow Trefoile (efpecially that with the blacke halfe Moon vpon the leafe) {tamped with E 
a littlehonie, takes away the. pinand web in the eies,ceafeth the paine and inflammation thereof, if 
| itbe ftrained and dropped therein, 


— 


Cuar. 495. Of, ‘inking Trefoileor Treacle ( laner. 


Trifolium bituminyfum, 
Treacle Clauer: Q The Defiription. 


Reacle Clauer. groweth vpright like 2 
fhrubbie plant,with ftalkes ofa cubit and 
a halfe high whereupon do grow next the 
ground broad leaues, 3 ioined together, thofe 
vpon the ftalkes are longer and narrower. The 
ftalks are couered ouer witha rough euill co: 
louredhairinefle: the leaues are of a dark black 
greene colour,and ofa lothfome fmell, like the 
pitch called Btumen Iudaicum, whereof it took 


RA his name ; the floures grow at the toppe of rhe 
‘ 


i S 
{) y 


W s SS A. 
DX 


: ftalks,of a darke purplifh colour tending vnto 
N) 
Dy 
Gj 


blewneffe,in fhape like thofe of Scabious : the 


Sy, & y feed isbroad,tough,long, and fharpe pointed: 
at Sune ) thercot is {mallandtender, and cannot indure 
UV Vy XA NY the coldneffe ofour winter,but perifhethat the ' 
EY IN i — firft approch thereof. 
= The Place. 


It groweth naturally,{aith Hippocrates Hippi- 
atros,not Cous,in rough places, as Ruellivs tran- 


‘ado WwW & 


Ke . u -) 
Ss oy WSS flateth it :in Germanie,Franceand England it 
Se g heuer commeth vp of it felfe, but muftbe fown 


in gardens,as my felfe haue proued diuers times, 
and was conftrained to fow it yearely,or elfe ic 
would not come vp, neither of his ownc fowing 
or otherwife: 
q The Time. 
It floureth not in my garden vntil the end of 
Augutt, @ The 


138. Of the Hiftory of Plants. Liz.2. 


| The Names. ' 
Nicander calleth this Trefoile savm: in Latine, 7ifolium acutwm, or tharpe pointed Trefoile : of 
i Pliny,Trifolinm odoratum , but not properly ; of others, Trifolium Afphalt enm,five Bitumino{um, or 
34 Stone Pitch Trefoile. 
Auicen calleth it Tarfilon,and not Handacocha: Auicea doth comprehend Diofcorides his Loti, thar 
ih is to fay,Lerus orbana fyluefiriz,and e£eyptia,which Diofcorides confoundeth one with another in one 
{oh chapter: in Englith it is called Clauer gentle,Pitch Trefoile,ftinking Trefoile,& Treacle Clauer, 
4 ; | The Temperature. x 
This Trefoile, called 4(phalteum,as Galen faith,ishot and drie,as Bitumen isjand. that inthe third 
degree, 


@ The Vertues, 
A Being drunke,it taketh away the painof the fides,which commeth by obftru@ions or ftoppings, 

al prouoketh vrine,and bringeth downe the defired fickneffe. Ba q 

i B - Hippocrates writeth, that it doth not onely bring them downe, but likewife the birth; not onel 
inwardly taken,butalfo outwardly applied.Ifa woman, faith he,be not well clenfed afterher child 
ie bearing, giue her this Trefoile todrinke in white wine. 

Diofcorides faith, that the feeds and leaues being drunke in water,are a remedie for the pleurifie, 
difficultie of making water,the falling fickneffe,the dropfie when it firft beginneth, and. for thofe 
that are troubled with the mother: the quantity tobe taken at once is three drams of the feeds,and 
foure of the leaues. ; 

I D_. Theleaues drunke in Oxymel,or a fyrrup of vineger made with honie, is good for thofe, thar are 
bitten with ferpents. 

Some affirme that the decogtion of thewhole plant, root andleaues, taketh away paine from 
thofe whom ferpents haue bitten, if they be wafhed therewith ; but if any other man hauing anvi- 
cer be wafhed with that water wherwith he was bathed that was bitten of the ferpent,they fay that 
he fhall be troubled in the fame manner that the ftinged partie was. 

Some alfo giue with wine three leaues,or a fall quantitie of the feeds in tertian agues, and in 
quartaine foure,as a {ure remedieagainft the fits. 

i G ™The root alfo is put into antidotes or counterpoifons, faith Diofcorides : but other antient P! 

tions do not onely mix the root with them,but alfo the feed,as we may fee in Galen, bya great m 

ny compofitions in his 2. booke of Antidotes ; that is to fay, in the Treacles of eBlins Gallus, Zeno 

Landoceus Claudius Apollonius Eudemus, Heraclides,Dorothens,and Heras. 

H Theherbe ftamped.and applied vpon any enuenomed wound,or made with poifoned weapon, it 

; draweth the poifon from the depth moft apparantly But if it be applied vpon a wound where there 

eae is no venomous matter towork vpon,itdoth no leffe infec that part,than ifit had been bitten with 
fome ferpent or venomous beaft : which wonderfull effec it doth not performe in refpec of any 
vitious qualitie that it hath in ir felfe,buebecaufe it doth not finde that venomous'matter to work 
vpon,which it naturally draweth(as the Load-ftone doth iron)wherupon it is conftrained th rough 
his attractive qualitie,to draw and gather together humours from far vnto the place, whereby the 

paine is greatly increafed. Q 


ete 


i Be EE — — 
: 


Cuar, 496. Of diners other Trefoiles. 


| The Defcription, 
5 : 

2 Hree leauedgrafle of America hathdiuers crooked round ftalks,leaning this way and 
that way,and diuided into diuers branches : whereon do grow leaues like thofe of the 
medow Trefoile,ofa black greene colour, and of the {mel of Pitch Trefoile,or Treacle 

Clauer : the floures grow at the top of the branches,made vp ina long {piked chaftie care, of a white 
; TB) 43 hk colour: after which commeth the feed, fomewhat flat,almoft like to thofe of Tares : the roots are 
Bak long ftrings of a wooddie fubftance. 

vag 2  Thisthree leafed graffe (which Dodoneus in his laft Edition calleth Trifolium cochleatum pri- 
{ mum : and Lobel, Fanum Burgundiacum) hath diuers round vpright ftalks,of awooddierough {ub- 
: ftance,yet not able of it felfe to ftand without a prop or ftay: which ftalks are diuided into diuers 
Lad +4 {mall branches, whereupon do grow leaues ioined three together like the other Trefoiles, but ofa 

darke fwart grcene colour : the Houres grow at the top of the ftalks in fhape like thofe of the cod- 
ded Trefoile, but of adarke purple colour: the feede followeth, contained in fmal! wrinckled 
; ; huskes 


Lin, 2. Of the Hiftroy of Plants. 1789 
1 Trifolium; Americum, $27 vifolinw: Burgundjacum. 
.. . Trefoile of America, Burgundie Tiefoile. 


na “oitver. 


SS 
A 


“y 


huskes turned round,after the manner of a water fhaile:the root is thick,conipofed of divers tough 
threddie ftrings,and lafteth long inmy gardenwith greatincreafe. a 
This three leaued graffe of Salmanea, a citieas I take it of Portingale, differeth not muck 
from our field Trefoile : it hath many branches weake and tender,trailing vpon the ground, of two 
cubites anda halfe high : whereupon doe grow leaues fet together by three ypona ftemme ; from 
the bofome whereof thruft forth tender foot-ftalkes, whereon doe ftand moft fine floures of a 
eaehe red tending vnto purple: after which come the {eed wrapped in fimall skinnes, of a red eo- 
our. 
4 The Hart Trefoile hath very many flexible branches, fet vpon a flender ftalke, of the length 
of twoor three foot, trailing hither andthither : whereupon doe grow Jeaues ioined peeks by 
three 


1190 Of the Hifterie of Plants. 


Li 3.2. 


eae 


nk Tri slits ; rile - ; 5 Trifolium filiquofum minus. 
a). f fib U Reese Aiclove. ei 


TAS. COWMACL aAhrAr’ : 


. + 6 Coronopus cx CodiceCefareo. three on little flender foot-ftalks, cuery little 
: ; - Crow-foot Trefoile. leafe of the fafhion of a heart, whereof it took 
AE, his name: among which come forth fealie,or 
chaffic yellow floures:. the root is thick and 
threddie. ¢ I takethe plantwhich our Au- 
thour here figured and intended to defcribe 
vntovs; to be of that Medica which Camerari- 
us calls Arabica, which growes wilde inmany 
places with vs, having the leaues alittle den- 
ted in atthe ends, fo that they refemble the 
vulgar figure ofa heart; and each leafe is mar- 
ked with a blackifh,or red fpot: the floures be 
{mall and yellow : the feeds arc contained in 
tough buttons,wound vp like the other Snaile 
Trefoiles, whereof itis a kinde. I haue given 
youthe figure alittle more exquifite,by the 
addition of the fpots and cods, + 

5 This kinde of three leaucd grafle is a 
Jow herb,creeping vpon the ground:the leaues 
are like thofe of the common Trefoile,but lef 
fer,and ofa grayith greene colour : the floures 
are faire and yellow, fafhioned like thofe of 
broome,but leffer : after come three or foure 
cods,wherein is contained round feed:the root 
is long and reddifh. + This is the Trifolinm 
corniéulatum ox Melilotus Coronata of Lobel: Lo- 
tus pentaphyllos of Gefuer. + 

This codded Trefoile is like vnto the laft 
defcribed in cuery refpea, fauing that this 
plant is altogether  larger,hauing ftalksa cu- 
bit 


“i1Qi 


|, bite and a halfe high: the leaues are alfo fourc times as large,two roundith leaues srowing by the 
: betweene che nv 
roundith leaties : both the ftalke and leanes haue a little foft downineffe or hairineffeon them:the 

floures grow cluttering together on the taps of the ftalks,in fhape,bigneffe,and colour like that of 
| the laftdeferibed,but commonly more in’number : they are alfo ficcveded By fuch codsas thofe 


6 The figure which Dodonens hata {er forth out ofan old Manufcript in the Emperors Libra- 
ty,being there figured for Coronopits, {eemes'ta,be of the 12 tt deferibed,or fome plant very like there- 
| -to,though the fiue leaues at each ioitt be not put in fuch orderas they fhould be, yet all the parts 
| are well expreft,according ta the drawing of thoferimes, for you fhall finde few anticht exprefions 
come fo neere as this doth. + ; : 

7 There is akinde of Clater growin’ ahourNarbone in Frenee, thar hath many twiggie 
tough branches comming froma wooddy root. Whereon are (et leaues three tozerher,afrer the ma- 
ner of the other Trefoiles,fomewhat long, hairy, and of a hoarie or ouerivorne greene colour. The 
floures are yellow,and grow at the tops of the branches like thof of Broome, 


7 Lotus incana,five Oxytriphyllon Scribong letrgi. $8 Wrifolivm!, 
Hoarie Clauer, Yellow ho 


Me olricos 


NZ 
eX ie 4 


A 
SE 


PIS 


No 
~ Sy 
Ge 


+ This fends vp many branches from one root, fome cubit or more long,com 
long vpon the ground,round,flexable,and diuided into fundrie branches : the 
by threés,and are like thofe ofthe true Medica,ot Burgundie Trefoile, bur m 
ow cluftering tozether on the tops of the branches, like in thape to thofe of 


monly lying a- 
leaues ftand tozether 
uch lefle: the Houres 
the former, of a vel- 
ow colour,and not without fmell : they are fucceeded by fuch, yet narrower crooked coddes,as the 
Burgundy Trefcile hath (but the Paintet hath not wel exprefled them: ) ia thefe codsare containe | 


eeds like thofealfo ofthat Trefoile,and fuchialfo is the root,which lines tong,and much incraafes : 
Ugrowes in Hungarie, Auftria, and Morauia: ir floures in Tune and luly : Clufius calls it cared 


alla 
ore tav0:Taberitamontasus, Lens maior repens : and Tragus,Meliloti madioris (Pectes tersia: Bawhine Crith 
hat about Nimes in’ Narbone it is found with floures either yellow, Whiteetecne, lew, purple, 


lacke,or mixed of blew and greene; and hee calleth it 7 vifolinm efylueftre luteus filiqus cornitea ; Or 


Medica frurefcens. + 


a Tlé 


T19d ne Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lise. 


@ The Place. ‘ 
jared: 


The feverall titles of moft of thefe plants fer forth their naturall place of growing:the reft grow 


at in moft fertile fields of England. 
ti Lil q The Time. 
mae | They floure and flourith moft of the fommer moneths. 
{ g The Names, 


There is not much to be faid as touching their names,more than hath beene fet downe. 


ihe ta 
oan? | 
i i | TheTemperature and Vertues. 


ei # Ls $ > 
The temperature and faculties of thefe Trefoiles are referred vnto the common medow Tre- 


HUE 48.4 foiles. 


H / {The figure formerly pur in the fecond place was of the leffer yellow Trefoile: de(cribed in the Jaft chapter faue one, 


Cuar. 497. Of the great Trefoiles,or winged ( laners. 
@ The Defcription. 


efoile, hath’a hard and wooddie roor, full” 
arife diuers tough and fecble branches,» 
se plant to refemble thofe of the - 
dofabunch of gray hates: a- 
ght purple colour,fomwhat | 
alls this Lagopus maz | 


pee He great Hares foot being akinde of Tr 
of blacke threddie firings : from whence 
whereupon do grow Icaues, fer together by threes,making the wh« 
Medow Trefoile: the floures grow at the top of the ftalks, compo{e 
mong the which foft matter commeth forth {mall floures ofa moft bri 
refembling the floures of rhe common medow Trefoile,but far greater. Lobel ¢ 
scinaus folio,cy facie Trifolij praten{is : Dodonans,Lagopus maior folio Trifoly. 


£ x Lagopus maximus. $ 2 Lagopus maior [pica longiore. 
z i S s 
The great Hares foot Trefoile, Great large headed Hares foot. | 


| Basen) OFthe Hittorie of Plants. 1193 


1 ¢ 2 Thiselegant plant(which Tragus hath fet forth for Cytifies, Lobel by the name of L gap a 
altera folio prinnato, and Clufius for his Trifalij maioris 3. altera (pezes) hath ftalkes fome foor and bet- 
ter high,whereon grow leaues fet together by threes,loag,hoary and Jightly {nipt about the edges, 

§ with elegant nerues or veines, running from the middle rib tothe fides of the leaues, which are 

#moft confpicuous in hot Countries, and chiefly then when the leafe begins todecay. Attherops 
ofthe branches, in long and large heads grow the floures, of an elegant fanguine colour. This 
floures in May and Lune,and growes wilde vpon fome mountaines of Hungaryand Auftria;lhaue , 

Wfeenethem,both this and the former,growing in the gardens of fome of our Floritts. 

) 3. Thisothergreat kinde of Hares-foot fends forth one flender,yet ftiffe ftalke,whereon grow 

¥ Ieaucs whofe foor-ftalkes are large at the fettingon, encompaffing the ftalkes: the leaues them- 

} felues grow by threes, long narrow,and fharpe pointed, of a erayith colour like thofe of the com- 

}mon Hares-foot: the {pike at the top is foft and downy, with little reddifh floures among ft the 

I whitith hairinefle. This growes wilde in Spaine : Clufins calls it Lagopus anguftifolias Hi{panicus 

maior. 

There is another fort of this deferbed by Lobel and Pena in the Aduerf.whofe leaucs are longer 
| and narrowerthan this, the whole plancalfo is oft times leffer: they call it Lagopws altera angufti- 


4 folia. fF 


$ 3 Lagopus anzuftifolins Hifpanicus. 4 Lagopodium,Pes lepors, 
Narrow leafed Spanifh Hare-foot. Little Hares-fodt Trefoile. i 
1A CAA OMA 2. 
| f° 


| Ay | 
ia 


4  Thefmall Hares-foothatha round rough and *haity ftalke, diuiding it felfe into diuiefs 
other branches ; whereupon do grow fall leaues,three joined together, like thofe of the fmall yel- 
low Trefoile : the floures grow at the very point of the ftalkes, confifting ofa rough knap or bath 
of haires or downe, like that of Alopecuros,ot Fox -taile, ofa whitith colour tending toa light bluth, 
with little white floures amongft the downineffe : the root Is {mall’and hard. 

The Place. . y 

The firt groweth in the fields of France and Spaine,and is a ftrariget in England yet it sroweth \ 
in my garden, agage 

The {mall Hare-foot groweth among corne, efpecially among Barly, and likewife in barren pa- 
ftures almoft euety where. 

qq The Time. 


They floure and flourifh in Iune,luly,and Auguft. ' 
3 oe Behe gj The 


94 Of the Hiftory ot Plants: Li sie 


Be APY Le 
Lobslins, 


¢ les, is called Lagopus,and Pes Leports + in 


» 


dde eure . in Englith Hare. 


with water, 


| Our Author in the firft place formerly gauze the figure of Tabern. is Lagopoditem flore albo, being only a variety of ¢ 

i feribed b» thename of .4nthylla lecuminola;now he made the defeription fomewhat in the leaues to are with the 

hei ieferi f ; } = inten u c t h ta 1 od (why; rf ov 

} he intended to deferibe,for (as itis cuiden by he names) he intended to deferibe boththe frit and fecond (which are here now d 
he hath confounded them both together in thenames. 


it: you fhall hereafter finde itde- 
Inoft v he turh of tha 
ribed) in the firlt place, tor 


‘it Cuar.498. Of Water Trefoile, or Bucks Beanes.. 


| Frifolium pasdofum, ; 

Marfh Trefoijle, +, @ The Defcription. 
t 7 ic olror-o ae s 
Many oe ps. I He great Marth Trefoile hath thicke 
fat italkes,weake and tender, full of a 
fpungious pith, very {moorh,and ofa cubit long: 
whereon do grow leaues like to thofe of the gars 
den Beane, fet vpon the ftalkes three joined to- 
gether like the other Trefoiles,{mooth,thining, 
and of a deepe greene colour :among which to- 
ward the top of the ftalkes ftandeth a buth of 
feather like floures ofa white colour,dafht ouer 
flizhtly with a wath of light catnation:after 
which the feed followeth, contained in fmall 
buttons, or knobby huskes, of a browne yellow- 
ith colour like vnto Millet,and ofa bitter taftes 
the rocts creepe diuers waics in the middle ma- 
rifh ground, being full of joints, white within, 
and full of pores,and {pungie, bringing forth di- 
uers by-fhoots, ftaikes’, and leaues, by which 
moeanes it is eafily increafed, and largely multi- 
plied. 

2 ‘ The fecond differeth not from the prece- 
dent, fauing itis altogether leffer, wherein con- 
fifteth the difference, if there be any: for doubt- 
leffe I thinke it is the felfe fame ineach refpedt, 
and is made greater and leffer, according to his 
place of growing, clymate,and countrey. 

q The Place. 
Thefe grow in marifh and Fenny places, and 
| vpon boggie grounds almoft euery where. 
| @ The Time. 
{ They floureand flourith from Tune to the end of Auguft, 
‘eh : @) The Names, 
te oh Marith Trefoile is called inhigh Dutch Biberklee,that isto fay,Caftoris Trifelium,or Trifolinu 
ay | bg | ; fibrinum:in \ow Dutch,of the likeneffe that the leaues ha uewith the garden Beanes, Boesboomen, 
ID that is ro fay, Faf lus Hirctaus, OY BoonaHircina : the later Herbarifts call it Trifolium paluftre,and 
: Paluds(um-offome,sfopyrum : in Englith, marth- Clauer,marth-Trefoije, and Buckes-Beanes. 
DEB ; q The Temperature and Vertues. 
‘tees aE: A Thefeed of fopyrum faith Diof erides,if itbe taken with meade or honied water, is good again {t 
Pe the cough and paine in the chef, 
B Ir isalfoa remedy for thofe that haue weake liners and fpet bloud, for as Galen faith it clenferla 
atic: iat and cutteth rough humours, hauing alfo ad joined with it an aftringent or binding quality. 


Cunp, 


Lrs. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. Ti 95 


Cuar. 499 Offweet Trefoile, or garden (Taner. 


Trifolium odoratum., ; tg 
Sweet Trefoile, | The Defeription, 


Weet Trefoile hathan vpright ftalk,hollow, 

and of the height of two cubits, diuiding it 

felfe into diueis branches :whereon do grow 
leaues by three and three liketo the other Tre- 
foiles, fleightly and fuperficioufly nicked in the 
edges:from the bofom wherof come the floures, 
eucty one ftanding on his owne fingle foot-ftalks 
confifting of little chaffie husks,ofa light orpale 
blewith colour :after which come vp little heads 
or knops,inwhich lieth the feed,otawhitith yel- 
low. colour, and feffer than that of Fenu-grecke : 
the root hath diuers ftrings : thewhole plant is 
not onely of a whitith green colour,but.alfo ofa 
fweet {mell,and ofa ftrong aromaticall or fpicie 
fent,and more fweet when it is dried:which {mel 
inthe gathered and dried plant doth likewife 
continue long; and in moift and rainie weather, 
it fmelleth more than in hot and drie weathés’; 
and alfo when it is yet freth and greene it lofeth 
and recouereth againe his fmell feuen times a 
day ; whereupon the old wiues in Germanie do 
callit Séeuen gesetten beaut, that is, the herbe 
that changeth feuen times a day. 


q The Place. 
It is fowne in gardens not onely beyond the 
feas,but in divers gardens in England, 
qq The Time. 
It is fowne in May,it floureth in Iune and Tus 
- ly,and perfeéteth his {ced inthe end of Auguft,the fame yere it is fowne. 
q The Names. 

Itis commonly called in Latine Trzfolinm odoratuna: in high Dutch as we hatte faid Sieuen ges 
Zeiten sin low Dutch, Sencnghetijceutft, chat isto fay,an herb of fenen times: it is called in Spa- 
nith, Trebol real : in French, Treffle oderiferant : in Englith, Sweet Trefoile,and garden Clauer : it 
féemeth tobe Lotus Vrbanaor (atina, ofwhich Déofcorides writeth in his fourth booke:nenerthelefle 
diuers Authors fet downe Melilot, for Lotus urbanaand Trifolium odoratumut hot properly. + The 
Gardiners and hetbe women in Cheapfide commonly call it,and know it by the name of Balfam,or 
garden Balfam. + 


q The Temperature. 
Galen faith ,that fect Trefoile doth in a meane concoé and drie, and is in a meane and tempe- 
rate facultic betweene hot and cold : the-which faculties yndoubtedly are plainely perceiued in 
this {weet Trefoile. 


The Vertues, ; 

Theiuice préied forth, faith Dio/corides,with hony added thereto clenfeth the vicers of the eies , a: 
calledin Latine 4ygema,and taketh away {pots inthe fame,called Cz/ougines,and remooueth fuch 
things as doe hinder the fight. : 

The oilewhrein the floures are infurfed or fteeped, doth perfeatly cure gteene wounds in very B 
fhort fpace; it appeafeth the paine of the gout,and all other aches, and is highly commended a- 
gainft ruptures,and burftings in young children. . 

The iuice giuen in white wine cureth thofe that haue fallen from fome high place,auoideth G 
congealed and clotted bloud,and alfo helpeth thofe that do piffe bloud,by meanes of fome great” 
bruife, as was prooued lately vpon a boy in Fanchurch ftreet, whoma cart went ouer, where- 

Hhhbh 2 2 upon 


1196 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lizz 


uponhe did not onely piffe bloud, but alfo it moft wonderfully gufhed forth, both at his nofe and 
mouth. 


D__ Thedried herbe laied among garments keepeth them from Mothesand other vermine, 


Car. 500, Of Fenugreeke. 


q The Defcription. 


4 Enugrecke hath a long flender trailing ftalke, 


diuers {mall branches : whereon do grow leaues like thofe of the medow. Trefoile, but 
rounder and lefler, greene on the vpper fide, on the lower fide tending toanath colour - 
among which come finall white floures,after them likewife long flender narrow cods,in which do 
lie {mall vneuen feeds, of a yellowith colour: which being dried, hauea {trong {mell, yet not va- 
pleafant: the root is fmall,and petitheth when it hath perfected his feed. 


greene, hollow within, and diuided into 


I Fenumgracum. 
Fenugreeke, 


£2 Fenumerecum fylueftre. 
Wilde Fenugreeke. 


i j 


and plianc. 


G The Place. 
in fields beyond the feas :in England wee fow a {mall quantitie thereof in 


Fenugrecke is fowne 
our gardens, 


| The Time, 
g,according to Columellaofwhich oneis in September,at what time 


t fodder againit winter,the other is in the end of Tanuarie,or the be- 
ftanding we may not fow it votill Aprill in England, 


Ithath two feafons of fowin 
itis fowne that it may ferue fo 
$inning of Februarie,notwith 


q The 


Of the Hiftory ofPlant: 1197 


q The Names. 
Itis called in Greeke wae, orasit is found in Play his copies Carphos: in Latine, Fenum Gre- 


Lis.2. 


| ewe: Columella faith that itis called Siliqua:in Pliny we read Silicia : in Varro,Silicula:in high Durch, 


Wockihogne :in Italian, Psengreco: inSpanith, A/fornas: in Fiench, Fenegrec : and in Englith, 
Tenegreeke, 
S| TheTemperature and Vertues . 

Itis thought according to Galen in his booke of the Faculties ofnourifhments,that itisoneof A 
thofe fimples which do manifeftly heat,and that men dov(e it for food,as they do Lupines, for it is 
takenwith pickle to keep the body foluble,and for this purpofe it is more agreeable than Lupines, 
feeing it hath nothing in his owne proper {ub{tance,that may hinder the working. 

The iuice of boiled Fenegreeke taken with honie is good to purge by the flooleall mannerof B 
corrupt humors thatremaine inthe guts, making foluble through his flimineffe, and mitigating 
paine through his warnmetie. 

And becaufe it hath in it a clenfing or {couring facultie, it raifeth humors out of the cheft :but C 
there muft be added vnto it no great quantitie of honie leaft the biting qualitie fhould abound. 

In old difeafes of the cheft without a feuer,fat dates are tobe boiled with 1t,but when you haue D 
mixed the fame iuice preffed out witha great quantitie ofhony,and haue againe boiled it on a foft 
fire toamean thickneffe,then muft you vie it long before meat. 

Inhis booke of the Faculties of {imple medicines he faith, that Fenegreek is hot in the fecond E 
degree,and dry in the firft : therefore itdoth kindle and make worfe hort inflammations,but fuchas 
are leffe hot and more hard ate thereby cured by being wafted and confumed away. 

The meale of Fenegreeke,as Diofcorides faith, is of force to mollifie and wafte away:being boiled 
with mead and applied it taketlvaway inflammations, as well inward as outward 

The fame being tempered or kneaded with niter and vineger, doth fotten andwafte away the G 
hardneffe of the milt. 

Itis good for women that haue either impofthume,vicer,or {topping of the matrix,to bathe and fy 
fit in the decoStion thereof. 

The iuice of the deco “tion preffed forth doth clenfe the haire, taketh away dandraffe, fcoureth [ 
running fores of the head, called of the Grecians #1: being mingled with goofe greafe,and put vp. 
in manner ofa peffarie,or mother fuppofititorie,it doth open and mollifie all the parts, about the 
mother. : , a 

Greene Fenegrecke bruifed and pounded with vineger,is a remedie for weak and feeble parts,and K 
that are without skin,vicerated and raw. 

The decoétion thereof is good againft vicers in the low gut, and foule ftinking excrements of L 
thofe that haue the blondy flix. 

The oile which is preffed out thereof {coureth haires and fears in the priuie parts. 

The decoction of Fenegreeke feed, made inwine, and drunke with a little vineger, expelleth all N 
euill humors inthe ftomacke and guts. 

The feed boiled in wine with dates and hony,vnto the form ofa fyrrup,doth mundifie and clenfe © 
the breaft, and eafeth the paines thereof. 

The meale of Fenegreek boiled in mead or honied water,confumeth and diffolueth all cold hard B 
impofthumes and fwellings,and being mixed with the roots of Marfh Mallows and Linfeed effe- 
Seth the fame. 

It is very good for women that haue any griefe or fivelling in the matrix,or other lower parts, if Q 
they bathe thofe parts with the decoction thereof made inwine, or fit ouer it and fweat. 

It is good to wath the head with the decoétion of the feed, for it taketh away the {curfe,fcailes, R 
nits,and all other fuch like imperfections. é 


ee 3 


Cuar.so1. Of Horned Clauer, and blacke Clauer, 


«| The Defcription. 


I He horned Claucr,or codded Trefoile,groweth vp with many weake and flender ftalks 
lying vpon the ground : about which are fet white leaues,fomewhat long, lefler,aud nar- 
rower than any ofthe other Trefoiles : the floures grow at the tops, of the fafhion of thofe of Pea- 
fon,ofa fhining yellow colour: after which come certain ftraight cods,bigeer than thofe of Fene- 
greek, but blunter at their ends, in which are contained little round feed; the root is hard and wood- 
die,and fendeth forth young {prings euery yeare. 
Hhhhh 3 2 This © 


se eee 


SFarakie 


? 


1 Lotus trifolia corniculata. 
Horned or codded Clauer, 


2 Lotus quadrifolia. 
Foure leafed graffe. 


2 This kinde of three leafed graffe, or ra. 
ther foure leafed Trefoile,hath leaues like yn. 
to the common‘Trefoile, fauing that they bee 
leffer,and ofa browne purplith colour,knowne 
by the name of Purple-wort, or Purple-graffe, 
whole floutes are in thapelike the medow Tre- 
foile but ofa duftieo uerworn colour tendins 
tawhiteneffe , the w hich doth oftentimes de. 
generate, fometime into three leaues, fome- 
times in fiue, and alfointo fenen, and yet the 
plant of his nature hathbut foure leaues & no 
more. ¢ I do not thinke this to be the purple 
leaued Trefoile with the white flourewhich is 
commonly called Purple-gra fle, for I could ne- 
ucr obferue it to haue more leaues than three 
vpon a ftalke, + 

t 3 The root ofthis is {mall and white; 
fromwhich arife many weake hairie branches 
fome cubit long:wheron grow foft hairy leaues 
three on one foot-ftalke;with two little leaues 
at the root therof,8c Gut of the bofoms of thefe 
vpon like footftalkes grow three leffer leaues, 
as alfo floures of the bignesand fhape of thofe 
of a Vetch, but of a braue deep crimfon veluet 
colour : after thefe are paft come cods fet with. 
foure thinne welts or skins which make them 
feem fourefquare; whence Camerarius called 
it Lotus pulcherrimatetragonolobus: the feed is of 
anath colour, fomewhat leffe than a peafe. It 
floures moft of the Sommer moneths, and is 
for the prettineffe of the floure preferued in 
many Gardens by yearely fowing the feede, 
foritis an annuall plant. C/ufias hath it by: 
the name of Lotus filiquofis rubello flore : 
and hee faith the feeds were divers ‘times 
fent out of Italy by the name of Sandalida, 
It is alfo commonly called in Latine Péfim 
quadratum i 

@| The Place. 


The firft groweth wilde in barren diteh 
bankes, paftures,and drie Mountaines. 


aT | $3 Lotus filiquagqandrata, Square crimfon veluct peafe. 


> 
7, 


Luis. 2. OF the Hiftroy of Plants, 1199 


The fecond groweth likewife in paftures and fields, bur not fo common as the other; and is 
planted in gardens, 


: q The Time. 
They floure in Iuly and Augutt. 
4 @ The Names. 

The fecond is called Lotus Trifolia : in Englith, horned Clauer, or codded Trefoile. 

The other is called Lotus quadrifolia, or foure leafed Graffe, or Purple-wort : of Pena and Lobel, 


Quadrifilivm phénm fufium hortorum. 
9 The Temperature and Vertues. 


Their faculties inworking are referred vnto the medow Trefoiles :notwithftanding it is repor= A 
ted, that the leaues of Purple-wort ftamped, and the iuyce giuen to drinke,cureth young children 
of the difeafe called in Englith the Purples. 


Cua. 502. Of “Medicke Fodder,or fnaile (laner. 


q The Defcription. 


i His kinde of Trefoile, called atedica, hath many {mall and flender ramping branches; 
crawling and creeping along vponthe ground,fet full of broad leaues flightly inden- 
ted about the edges: the floures are very fmiall,and of a pale yellow colour , which 

turne into tound wrinkled knobs, like the water Snaile, or. the fith called Periwinckle : wherein is 
contained flat feed fafhioned like a little kidney, in colour yellow, in tafte likea Vetch or peafe: 
the rooy is fmall, and dicth when the fecd is ripe : it growes in my garden, and 1s good to feed cat= 
tell far. . 


1 Trifolium Cochleatum. $ 2 Medica fructu cochleato [pinofo. 
Medicke Fodder. Prickly Snaile Trefoile. 


+ There are many varieties of thefe plants, and they chiefely confift in the fruir; for fome até 
fmooth and flar,as this firft deferived:: other fome are roughand prickely, fome with leffer ; and . 


other 


200  ~—~Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 2 


other fomewith bigger prickles ; as alfo with them ftanding diuers wayes, fome are onely rough, 
and of thofe fome are as big as a {mall nut, other fome no bigger thana peafe. Igiue yowhere the 
defcriptions of three rough ones, (as I receiued them from M". Goodyer) whereof the latis of the 


fea, which, as you may fee, our Author did but fuperficially deferibe, 


2 Medice maioris Batice  [becies ‘prima, {pinulis intortis. 


This hath foure fquare reddith ftreaked hairy trailing branches, like the fmall Englith Medica, 
greater and longer, foure or fiue foot long: the leaues are alfo fmooth, growing three together, 
neither fharpe pointed, nor yet fo broad at the topas the faid Englith Medica, but blunt topped, 
with a {mall blacke {pot in the midft, not crooked : the floures.are alfo yellow,three, foure, or fiue 
ona foot-ftalke : after commeth a round writhed fruit fully as big as a hafell nut,with {mall pric- 
kles not ftanding fore-right, but lying flat on the fruit, finely wrapped, plaited, folded, or interla- 
ced together, wherein lieth wrapped the feed in fathion ofa kidney, very likea kidney beane, but 
foure times fmaller, and flatter, ofa fhining blacke colour without, like polithed Teat ; containing 
awhite kernell within : the root is like the former, and perifheth alfo at Winter. 


Medica maioris Batice {pine ife (pecies altera, 


The branches alfo creepe on the ground, and are ftraked fmooth foure {quare, reddifh here and 
there, three or foure foot Jong : the leaues are {mooth, finely norched about the edges, fharp poin- 
ted, without blacke {pots,very like Medica pericarpio plano : the floures are {mall and yellow like the 
other ; the fruit is round, writhed or twined in alfo, fully as big as ahafell nut, fomewhat cottonie 
or woolly, with fhort fharpe prickles : wherein ‘lyeth alfo wrapped a fhining blacke kidney-like 
feed, fo like the laft defcribed, that they are not to be difcerned apart: the rootis alfoalike , and 
perifheth at Winter. 


Medice marine [pinofee fpecies. 


The branches of this are the leaft and fhorteft of all the reft, little exceeding a foot or two in 
length, and are foure {quare, greene, fomewhat hairie, and trailing on the ground : the Jeaues are 
like to thofe of Medica pericarpio plano, not fully fo fharpe pointed, without blacke f pots,foft,hairy, 
threé ona foot-ftalke: the floures grow along ft the branches, on very {mall foot-ftalkes , forth of 
the bofomes of the leaues, (not altogether on or neere the tops of the branches) and are very fmall 
and yellow, but one on a foot-ftalke : after commeth {mall round writhed fruit, nobigger than a 
peafe, with very fhort fharpe prickles, wherein is contained yellowith feed of the fafhion of a kid- 
ney like the former, and is the hardeft to be plucked forth of any of the reft: the root is alfo whi- : 
tith like the roots of the other, and alfo perifheth at Winter, Aug. a. 1621. ohn Goodyer, + 


3 Trifolium Cochleatum marinum, 


Medick Fodder of the fea. 


3 This kinde alo of Trefoile, (called Medica marina: in Englifh, fea Trefoile, growing natu- 
: rally by the fea fide about Weftchefter, and vpon the Mediterranean fea coaft, and about Venice) 
hath leaues very like vnto the common medow Trefoile, but thicker, and couered ouer with a 

. eae “syle flockie 


Lis. 2. OF the Hiftroy of Plants. 1201 


| flockie hoarineffe like Gaaphalium,after the manner of moft of the fea herbes : the floures are yel- 
low : the feeds wrinkled like the former, but in quantitie they be leffer. 
q The Place: 

The firft is fowne in the fields of Germanie, Italy, and other countries, to feed their cattell, as 
we in England do Bucke-wheat : we havea fma}l quantitie thereof in our gardens; for pleafures 
fake 

The third groweth neere vnto the fea fide in diuers places. 

G The Time. 

Medicamuftbe fowne in Aprill; it floureth in Iune and Iuly : the fruit is ripe in the end of Au- 

sult. 


q The Names. 
Medick fodder is called of fome Trifolium Cochleatum, and Medica : in French, L’herbe a Lima 
(fon: in Greekey mux: in Spanith, Mielgwas : of the Valentians and Catalons,_4/fafa,by a word ei- 
ther barbarous or Arabicke: for the chiefe of the Arabian writers, Awicen, doth call Medica,Cot, A- 
fafeleti, and Alfasfafa. 
The other is called Sea Clauer, and Medick fodder of the fea. 
@] The Temperature andV crtues. . 
Medick fodder is of temperatute cold, for which caufe it is applied greene to fuch inflammati- A 
ens and infirmities as haue need of cooling. 


Cuar. 503, Of Wood Sorrell, or Stubwort. 


1 Oxys alba. 
_ Whitewood Sorrell. 


Onaks le Ao ell cx 


@ The Defiription. 


I Xys Pliniana,or Trifolium acetofum,being a kind of three leafed graffe,is a low and bafe 
herbe without ftalk ; the leaues immediately rifing from the root vpon fhort’ ftems 
at their firft comming forth folded together,but afterward they do {pred abroad,and. 

are of a faire light greene colour,in number three, like the reft of the Trefoiles, but that each leafe, 
hath adeepecleft or rift in the middle:amongft thefe leaues come vp fmall and weake tender 
ftems, firch as the leaues do grow vpon, which beare fmall ftar-like floures of a white colour, with 
fome brightnes of carnation dafht ouer the fame : the floure confifteth of fiue fmall leaties ; after 
which come little round knaps or huskes full of yellowith feed : the root is very threddy, and ofa 
reddith colour : thewhole herbe is in tafte like Sorrell,but much {harper and quicker,and maketh 
better greene fauce than any other herbe or Sorrell whatfocuer. 

+ My oftmentioned friend M". George Bewles fent me fome plants of this with very faire red 
floures,which he gathered in Aprill laft, in awood of Sir Thomas Walfinghams at Chiffelhurft in 
Kent,called Stockwell wood, and ina little round wood thereto adioyning. + ; 

2 The fecondkinde of ox)s orwood Sorrell is very like the former,fauing that the foures aS, 

0 


1202 Df the Hiftory of Plants. | Lis.z. 


2 Oxys lutea. 
Yellow wood Sorrell. 


ofa yellow colour,and yeeld for their feed veffels fmal] and long horned cods ; in other re{peas 
alike. 
a The Place. 
iy: Thefe plants grow in woods and vnder buthes, in fandie and fhadowie places in every countrie, 
£ I haue notas yet found any of the yellow growing with vs. + 
| PE Riese] ? 
Me They floure from the beginning of Aprill vnto the end of May and midft of Iune. 
} q The Names, 
Wood Sorrel! or Cuckow Sorrell is called in Latine Trifolium acetofum : the Apothecaries and 
Herbarifts call ic 4Weluya, and Panis Cuculi,or Cuckowes meate, becaufe either the Cuckow fee- 
ah | deth thereon, or by reafon when it {pringeth forth and floureth the Cuckow fingeth moft,at which 
i time alfo Allelwya was wont tobe fung in Churches.Hieronyrous Fracaftorivs nameth it Lujula. Alexa 
lant ander BenediGus faith that it is called UAlimonia: in high-Dutch , Saurellees in Low-Dutch, 
: Coeckcoecebzo0of : in French,Pain de Cocu : in Englifh, wood Sorrel,wood Sower,Sower Trefoile, 
Stubwort, Alleluia, and Sorrell du Bois. 
It is thought to be thatwhich Pliny, lib.27. cap.t2. calleth oxys, writing thus: Oxys is three 
leafed, it is good for a feeble ftomacke, and is alfo eaten of thofe that are burften. But Galen in his 
\ ; fourth booke of Simples faith, that Oxys is the fame which Owalis or Sorrell is sand Oxys is found 
in Pliny to be alfo Iunci (pecies, ora kinde of Ruth. 
@ The Nature. 
Thefe herbes are cold and dry like Sorrell. 
@ The Vertues, 

A Sorrell du Bois or wood Sorrell ftamped and vfed for greene fauce, is good for them that haue 
ficke and feeble ftomackes ; for it ftrengthneth the ftomacke, procureth appetite, and ofall Sorred 
fauces is the beft, not onely in vertue, but alfo in the pleafantnefle of his tafte. 

B__ Itisaremedieagainft putrified and ftinking vicers of the mouth, it quencheth thirft,and coo- 
leth mightily anhot peftilential! fener, efpecially being made ina fyrrup with fugar. 


ee Se SE ; 


Car. 504. Of noble Liner-wort, or goldenTrefoile. 
a The Defiription. 
Caeee it aye : ZN IS ds Liuerwort hath many leaues fpredvpon the ground, three cornéred,refembling 
he i { the three leatied graffe,ofa perfea raffle greene Colour on the vpper fide,but grayifh 


—— 


‘ : voderneath :among which rife vp diuers fmall tender foot-(talkes of three’ inches 

EAB long ; on the cnds whereof ftands one fmal fingle blew floure, confifting of fix little leaues,hauing 

He Bi in the middle 1 few chiues : the feed is inclofed in little round knaps , of awhitifh colour; 

bait | tae } : which being + forth of themfelues: the root is flender, compofed of an infinite number 
TR ET G4 sea! | : i ofblacke ftrings. 


2 The fecond is like vato the precedent in leaues, roots, and feeds : the floures hereof are of a 
fhining red colour, wherein confifteth the difference. 
3. This ; 


| iL Ee 2, Of the Hiftory of Plants. | 12.03 


a 


This ftrange three leaued Liuerwort differeth not from the former, fauing that this brings forch 
double blew floures tending to purple,and the others not fo, 
| There is anotherin my garden withwhite floures,which in ftalks and euery other refpec is like 
jtheothers, 


1 Hepaticum trifolium, 2 Hepaticatrifoliarubra, 
Noble Liuerwort. Noble red Liuerwort, 


3 Hepatica multiflora Lobel#. @ The Place. 
foble Liyerwortwith double foures: : 
Thefe pretty foures are, found in 
tHoft places of Germanie in fhadowie 
woods among (hrubs,and alfo by high- 
waies fides: in Italy likewife, and that 
nor onely with the blew floures,but the 
‘fame with double floures alfo, by the 
report of Alphon[us Pancius D". of Phy- 
ficke in the Vniuerfity of Ferrara,a man 
excellently well feen in the knowledge 
of Simples: They do all grow likeiwife 
in my garden, except that with double 
floures , which as yet is a ftranger in 
England: $ itis now plentiful in many 
gardens. ¢ 
The Time. 

They floure in March and Apriland 

perfect their feed in May. 
q The Names. 

Noble Liuerwort is called H-patict 
ivifolia, Hepaticaaurea,T rifolium aureun: 
of Bantiffa Sardis, Herha Trinitatis : in 
hizh-Datch, Esl Were kraut: in 
Jov-Datch , @3el louse ceutit ¢ in 
French, 42pstique : in Baslith, Golden 
Trefoile, three leaued Liuerwort,noble 
Liuerwort, aad herbe Trinitie. 

| The Temperature. 

Thefeherbesiare cold and drie, with 

 amaftringent or binding qualitie. 


a Th: 


Of the Hifterie Of Plate. La me. 


@) The Vertues. 
It is reported to be good againft the weakeneffe of the liuer which proceedeth-of an hot caufe , 
for ircooleth and ftrengthneth it nora little. 

Baptifta Sardus commendeth it, and writeth that the chicfe vertue is inthe root; ifa {poonfull of 
the pouder thereof be giuen certaine dayes together with wine, or with fome kinde of broth, it 
profiteth much againft the difeafe called Enterocele. 


Cuar.505. Of Melilot, or plaifler (lauer. 


q] The Defiription. 


t egoHe firftkinde of Melilot hath great plenty of fmall tough and twiggy. branches, 

I {talkes full of ioynts or knees, in height two cubits, fet full of leaues thrce together, 

like vnto Burgondie hay. The floures grow at the top of the ftalke, ofa pale yellow colour, ftan- 

ding thickly fet and compaé together, in order or rowes, very like the floures of Secaridaca altera ; 

which being vaded, there follow certaine crooked cods bending or turning vpward with a fharpe 

point, in fafhion not much volike a Parrets bill, wherein is contained feed like Fenugreeke, but 

flatter and flenderer : the whole plant is of a reafonable good {mell,much like vnto honey,and very 
full of iuyce : the root is very tough and pliant. 


t cMelilotus Syriaca dora. 2 Melilotws Italica G Patanina, 
Affyrian Clauer. Italian Clauer, 


2 Thefecond kinde of Melilot hath {mall and tender vpright ftalkes, a cubit high, and fome- 
what more, of areddith colour, fet full of round leaues three together, not fnipt about the edges 
like the other Trefoiles ; and they are ofa very deepe greene colout, thicke, fat, and full ofiuyce. 
The floures grow along ft the tops of the ftalkes, of a yellow colour, which turne into rough round 
feeds as big as a Tare, and of a pale colour, The whole plant hath alfothe fauour of honey, and 
perifheth when it hath borne his feed, 


34° Rhe 


BY Be 2 iu : = Of the Hittorie of Plants, . : ‘120 


wn 


4 


3 ‘Thethird kind of Melilot hath round ftalks and iagged leaues fet round abour,nor much vn- 
like the leaues of Fenugrecke, alwaies three growing together like the Trefoiles, and oftentimes 
couered ouer with an hoarineffe,as though meale had been {trewed vpon them. The floures be yel- 
low and fmall, growing thicke together ina tuft, which turne into little cods, wherein the {eéd is 
contained : the root is {mall, tough, and pliant. ; 

4. The fourth kinde of Melilot growes to the height of three cubits, fet full of leanes like the 
common Melilot,and of the fame fauour : the floures grow along ft the top of the ftalks,ofa whire 
colour, which turne into {mall foft huskes, wherein is contained little blackith feed: the root is 


alfo tough and pliant. 


3 Melilotus Coronata, : 4 Melilotus Germanita, 
Kings Clauer. Germane Clauer. 


+ Although our Author intended this laft defcription for out ordinarie Melilot,yet he miade 
it ofanother which is three times larger, growing in fome gardens (where it is onely fowne)aboue 
two yards high, withwhite floures and many branches : the whole fhape thereof is like the com- 
mon kinde, as faras Iremember. Thecommon Melilot hath weake cornered greene ftalkes fome 

_two footand better high , whereon grow longifh Jeaues {niptand oftentimes eaten about the ed- 
ges, ofa freth greene colour: out of the bofomes of the leaues come little ftalkes fome handftlt 
long, fet thicke on their tops with little yellow floures hanging downe and turning vp again, each 
floure being compofed of two little yellow leaues, whereof the vppermoit turnes vp again,and: the 
vndermoft feemes tobe parted intothree. The floures paft,there fuccced little cods whercin is 
the feed. ¢ ; 

Gs The Place. 

Thefe plants grow in my gatden: the common Englifh Melilot Pewa ferteth forth for Melilotas 
Gerimanica : but for certaintieno part of the world doth enioy fo great part thereof as England, 
and efpecially Effex ; for I haue feene betweene Sudbury in Suffolke,and Clare in'E flex,and from 
€lare to Heningham, and from thence to. Ouendon, Bulmare,and Pedmarth, very many acres of 
eatable pafture overgrowne withthe fame; infomuch that it doth not onely fpoyle their land, but 
the cornealfo,as Cockle or Darnel, and as aweed that generally fpreadéth ouer that corner of the 
Shire. 

Lilli @ The 


{ 
t 
i 
* ER 
; 
| 


B 


"12.06 Of the Hiftorie of Plants: 


G The Time. ; 

Thefe herbes do floure in Inly and Auguft. 

: | The Names, 

Plaifter Claueris called by the generall name, Melilotws of fome, Trifolium odoratym-yet there is 
another {weet Tre foile,as hath beendeclared. Some ¢allit Trifolintn Equijum, and Caballenym, or 
Horle-Trefoile,by reafon it is good fodder for harfes ,who do gicedily feed rhésconJikewite Pri, 
folium Vr(inum, ot Beares Trefoile :0f Fuchfins,S axifraga lutea, and, Septyla Campaya,: Of Cato, Serta 
‘Campana, which mot do name Corona Regia : in high Durch, Bgoate Steenelancren : of the, Ro- 
Maies and Hetrurians, Tribolo,as Matthiolws writeth : in Englith, Melilor, and‘ ailt cr-Clauer ; in 
Yorkefhire, Harts-Clauer. 

| The Temperature. 

Melilote, faith Galen, hath more plenty of hor fubftance than cold (thats to fays bot.and dry in * 
the firft degree) ithathalfo a certaine binding qualitie, befides awafting.and Dpgning, facultie, 
Diofcorides theweth, that Melilote is ofa bindingand mollitying gualitic,but tke mollifying qua- 
litic is not proper vntoit, but in as much as it waftcth away,and digefteth humors gathered inhot 
fwellings,or otherwife ; for fo far doth it mollifie or {upple that thing which is.hard, which isnot 
properly called mollifying,but digefting and wafting away by vapors :which kinde of quality the 
Grecians call dagen, 

@| The Vertues. 

Melilote boiled in fweet wine vntill it be foft,if you adde thereto the yolke of aroftedegge,the 
meale of Fenegreeke and Linefeed,the roots of Marth Mallowes and hogs greace ftamped to se 
ther, and vfed as a pulris or cataplafma, plaifterwife, doth aflwage and foften all manner of fwel- 
lings,efpecially about the matrix, fundament and genitoriesybeing applied vato thofe places hor. 

With the juice hereofoile, wax, rofen and turpentine, is made amoft foueraigne healing and 
drawing emplafter, called Melilote plaifter,retaining both the colour and fauour of the herbe, be- 
ing artificially made by a skilfull Surgion. 

The herbe boiled in wine and drunke prouoketh vrine, breaketh the ftone, and aflwageth the 
paine of the kidnies, bladder and belly, and ripeneth flegmé¢, and cayferh it to be eafily caf forth. 

The juice thereof dropped into the eies cleereth the fight, confuattsh, diffolueth, and cleane 
taketh away the web;pearle, and {pot in the cies. 

Melilote alone with water healeth Recentes melicerides,a kinde of wensor rather apoftems con- 
teyning matter like honey;andalfo the running vicers of the head, if it be laid to with chalke,wine 
and galls. 

It likewife mitigateth the paine of the eares, ifthe juicebe dropped therein mixed with a little 
wine,and taketh away the paine of the head,which the Greekes calf upararrier, efpecially if the head 
be bathed therewith,and a little vineger and oile of Rofes mixed amongft ir. 


+Cuar. 506. Of certaine other Trefoiles. 


RE . Hofe Trefoiles being omitted by our Author,I haue thought good to put intoa chapter 
by themfelues, though they haue little affinity with one another, the two laft excepted. 


q The Deéfcription : 


I He firft of thofe in roots, ftalkes,and manner of growihg is like the Medicke or fnaile 

Trefoiles formerly deferibed:the leaues ate hairie; the floures yellow and fmall :'after 

which follow crooked flatéods, of an indifferent bredth,whetein ts contained feeds made'after the 

Jafhion of little kidnies:this the Italians according to Lobel-call Luniria yadjaia;in the Hift.Ludg. 
itiscalled medica fjt.alteralunata. 

2 The root of this is long and thicke, couered with a yellowith rinde,and hauing a white feet 


pith in the infide, conered with 4 hairineffe on the top, and fending forth fundry fibres : from this 
rife vp many weake long foot-ftalkes, whereon grow leaues fet together by threes, long, narrow, 
fmooth, lightly nickton theedges : amongft thefe rifes vp commonly one ftalke (yer fometimes 
two) {mooth and naked, three or foure inches long ; on the top thereof prow {pike fafhion,8.or ten 
pretty large light purple floures,each of them being fet in a cup diuided into s, parts. This growes 
vpon diuers parts ofthe Alpes: and Pema in hi8 Mons Baldys fer it forth by the name of Tr#folinm 
ancuftifolinm alpinum. Bauhinus faith,thé toot heteof tats like Liquorice, wherefore it may be cal- 
led Gleyrbixa Aftragaloides.or Aftracalus duleis : and We receined it ont GF Spaine by the name of | 
Glycyrhixa He calls it in his Prodromus,T. rifolinm CAlpinum floremagno radicedulci, © ~ 


his 


Lo1e<td Of che Hiftorie of Plants. 1207 
£1 Trifolium filiqualunatas t 2 Trifol. anguftifal, Alpinum, 
Moone Trefoile. Liquorice Trefoile, 


WY 


Api 
yes Si 
ks 


N 
ie 


DY bill 
1h 


D 


£ 3 Trifolium (pinofum Creticum: 
Prickly Tretoile. 


3 Thisthornie Trefoile hath a lony threddy root, from which arife many fhort branched 
ftalkes fome two handfuls high,cornered,and {pred vpon the ground ; the ioynts,which are many, 
are commonly red, and armed with foure fharpe prickles,and out ofeach of them,vpon fhort foot- 
ftalkes grow two trifoile leaues, greene, longith, and ending in a little prickle: out of thefe ioynts 
alfo grow little foot-ftalkes, whch carry fingle Houres made of fiue little leaues, ofthe thape and 
colour of the little blew Bell-Aoure, with ten chiues in the middle tint with yellow: after thefe 
follow fue cornered fharpe pointed heads, containing a fingle flat red feed in eachcorner. Clufius 
fet forth this by the name of Tri folcum (pinofum Creticum : the feed was fent out of Candy by. the 
name of ipémywm . he queftions whether it may not be the true Tribulus terreftris of Diofcovides. 

4 Theroots, ftalkes, and leaves of this pretty eee donot much ditfer from the common 

diene . itll 2 ; white 


ics Ivito Chan, Ne AAO eA Area 


Of the Hifterie of Plants. Vi cian 


£4 THifelbim fraciferum, white Trefoile,but there is fome difference in 
Straw-berry Trefoile. the floures and feed ; for the floures of this 


pobiw on ey Wwe are fmall, grow thick together, & are ofa whi- 


tifh bluth colour :after which follow heads 
made of little bladders or thinne skins , after 
fucha manneras they refemblea Strawberrie 
or Rafpas, and they are of a grayith colour, 
here and there marked with red’: the flalkes 
feldome grow aboue three inches high, Ir 
growesin moft falt marifhes,as in Dartford 
falt marih, in thofe below Purfleet, and fuch 
like: it floures in Iuly and Auguft. Clufize 
hath fet it forth by the name of Trifolium fra 
Liferum Frificum : fome had rather call it Ty7- 
folism veficarium, Bladder Trefoile. 

+ 5 There are two other Trefoiles with 
which I thinke good to acquaint you, and 
thofe by the fimilitude of the cups, which 
containe the floures,and become the feed vef- 
fels,may be fitly called stellata; and thus Bau- 

Aine calls the firlt Trifolium ftellatuma , whereto 

for diftinGions fake I adde hirfutum, calling 

it Trifol. ftellatum hirfutum, Rough ftarrie hea« 
ded Trefoile:; it hath a final long white root, 
from which arife ftalkes fome foot high, 
round, flender, hairie, and reddith , hauing 
few leaues or branches : the Jeaues ftand three 
ona ftalkegas in other Trefoiles, finooth on 
the vpper fide, and hairy below&the floures 
are {mall and red, like in fhapé'to thofe of the 
common red Trefoile, but Jeffer ; and they 
ftand cach of them inagup reddith and rough 
below, and on the vpper part cut into fiue long fharpe Ieaues ftanding openas they commonly ‘fi- 
gurea ftarre: the floures fallen, thefe cups dilate themfelues, and haue in the middle a longith 
tranfuerfe whitifh fpot. I faw this Houring in May in the garden of M". Tradefcant,who did firft 
bring plants hereof from Fermentera a fmall Ifland in the Mediterranean fea. 

6 This other(which forany thing that I know is not figured nor defcribed by any )hath ftalks 
fometimes a foot, otherwhiles little aboue an inch high, hairy, and diuided but into few bran- 
ches: the leaues, which ftand by threes, are faftned to Jong foot-ftalkes,and they themfelues are 
fomewhat longith, hauing two little fharpe pointed leanes growing atthe ferting on of the foot- 
ftalkes to the tlalkes : they are greene of colour, and not fhiptaboutthe edges. The heads that 
grow onthe tovs of the ftalkes are round, fhort, and greene,with fmall purple or elfe whitith 
loures like thofe of the common Trefotle, but leffer, ftanding in cups diuided into fiue parts, - 
which when the floures are fallen become onewhat bigger, harther,and more prickly, but open 
not themfelues fo much as thofe of th« former : the feed is like that of Millet,but fomwhat roun- 
der, This floures in fune, and the fecd isripeinIuly. Ifirft obferned it in Dartford fale marifh, 
the tenth of Iune, 1633. I hate named this Trifolium ftellatum labrum, Smooth ftarrie headed 
Trefoile, ¢ 


@| The Temperature andV ertues. 
Thefe, efpecially the three laft, feeme to be of the fame temper and vertue as the common Me- 


dow Trefoiles, but none of them ate at this day vfed in Phyficke,or knowne,vnleffe to fome few. $ 


Cuar.597. Of Pulfe. 


@ The Kinds. 


Here be diuers forts of Pulfe,as Beanes,Peafon, Tares, Chiches, and fuch like,comprehended 
vnder this title Pulfe: and firft ofthe great Beane, or garden Beane, i 
F e 2 “hie Sing q The 


Of the 


Lis. 2 


Se nc eee 


Hiftory of. Plants. 1209 


G The Defcription. 


z ‘He great Beane rifeth vp witha foure {quare ftalke, {mooth, hollow, without ioynts; 
long and vpright, which when itis thicke fowne hath no need of propping,but when 
it is fowne alone by it felfe it foone falleth downe. to the ground: it bringeth forth 

Jong leaues one ftanding from another; confi fting of many growing vpon one rib or ftem, euerie 
one whereof is fomewhat fat, fetwith veines,flipperie, more long than round, The floures are ea- 
red, informe long, in colour either white with blacke {pots, or of a blackith purple: after them 
come vp long cods, thicke, full of fubftance, flenderer below, frized on the infide with a certaine 
white wooll as itwere, or foft flockes ; which before they he ripe are greene, and afterwards being 
dry they are blacke and fomewhat hard, as be alfo the.cods of broome, yet they be longer than 
thofe, and greater : in which are contained three, foure, or fiue Beanes, feldome more, long,broad, 
flat, likealmoft toa mans naile, great, and oftentimes to the weight of halfe a dram ; for the moft 
part white, now and then ofa red purplith colour ; which in their vpper part haue a long black na- 
uell as it were, which is couered with annile, the colour whereof is alight greene : the skin ofthe 
fruit or beane is clofely compacted, the inner part being dry is hard and found, and eafily cleft in 
funder ; and it hath on the one fide an euident beginning of {prouting,as haue alfo the little peafe, 
great Peafe, Ciches, and many other Pulfes. Theroots hereof are long, and faftned with many 
ftrings. 


1 Fabamaior hortenfis, 2 Fabafilueftris. 
The great garden Beane. The wilde Beane, 


a 
\ aA OD 


f 
Ay 
\ WY), 


, mS 


2 The fecond kinde of Beane (which Peva fetteth forth vnder the title of Sylueftris Grecorum 
Faba, and Dodonaus, Bonafylueftris,which may be called in Englith Greeke Beanes) hath fquare 
hollow ftalkes like the garden Beanes, but fmaller. The leaues bealfo likethe common Beane,{a- 
uing that the ends of the rib whereon thofe leaues. do grow haue.at the very end {mall tendrels or 
clafpers, fuch as the peafe leaues haue. The floures.are in fathion like the former, but of a darke 
red colour: which being vaded,there fucceed long cods which are blackewhen they beripe,within 
which is inclofed blacke feed as big asa Peafe, of an vnpleafant tafte and fauour, 

litii 3 ; £3 The 


1210 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lied 


+ 3  Thecommon Beane in ftalkes, leaues, floures, and cods is like the former great garden 
Beane, but leffer in them all; yet the leaues are more, and grow thicker,and out of the bofomes of 
the leaues vpon little foot-ftalkes grow the floures, commonly fix in number,vponone ftalk,which 
are fucceeded by fo many cods, lefler and rounder than thofe of the former : the beans themfelues 
are alfo leffe, and not fo Har, but rounder, and fomewhat longith : their colour are either whitith, 
yellowifh, or elfe blacke. This is fowne in moft places of this kingdome,in core fields,and known 
both to manand beaft. I muchwonder our Author forgot to mention focommon and vulgarly 
knowne a Pulfe, It is the Bama or Faftlus minor Of Dodonaws; and the Faba minor of Pena and 
Lobel, + 

g The Place. 

The firft Beanc is fowne in fields and gardens euery where about London. 

This blacke Beane is fowne ina few mens gardens who be delighted in varietie and ftudy of 
herbes, whereof I haue great plenty in my garden. 

; q The Time, 

They floure in Aprilland May, and that by parcels, and they be fong in flouring : the fruir is 
ripe in Iuly and Auguft. 

a The Names. 

The garden Beane is called in Latine Faba: in Englifh, the garden Beane : the field Beane is of 
the fame kinde and name, although the fertilitie of the foile hath amended and altered the fruit 
intoa greaterforme. + The difference betweene the gardenand field Beane is a {pecificke diffe- 
rence, and not an accidentall one caufed by the foile, as euery one that knoweth them may well 

erceiue. £ 

E The blacke Beane, whofe figure we haue {et forth in the fecond place, is called Faba fylucftris > of 
fome thought tobe the true phy ficke Beane of the Antients ; whereupon they haue named it Fabs 
Veterum,and alo Faba Grecorum, or the Greeke Beane. Some would haue the garden Beane to be 
the true Phafeolus, or Kidney Bean ; of which number Dodonens is chiefe, who hath fowrangled and 
ruffed among his relatives, that all his antecedents mutt be caft out of dores : for his long and te- 
dious tale of a tub we haue thought meet to commit to oblivion. It is called in Greeke me; 
whereupon the Athenians feaft dayes dedicated to Apollo were named nate, inwhich Beans and 
Pulfes were fodden : in Latine it'is alfocalled Faba frefa or fracta, broken or bruifed Beane. 

+ Dodoneus knew well whathe did, as afiy that are either iudicious or learned may fee, ifthey 
looke into the firft chapter of the fecond booke of his fourth Pemptas. But our Authors words are 
too iniutious, efpecially being without caufe, & againft him,ftom whom he borrowed all that was 
good in this his booke, except the figures of Tabernamontanus. It may be D*. Prie didnot fit his 
tranflation in this place to our Authors capacitie ; for Dodoneus did not affirme it to bethe Phafeo- 
fas, but Phafélus, diftinguifhing betweene them, + 


q The Temperature and Vertues. 


The Beane before it be ripe is cold and moift: being dry it hath power to bind and reftraine, ac- 
cording to fome Authors : further of the temperature and vertues out of Galen, 

The Beane (as Galen faith in his booke of the Faculties of nourifhments) is windie meate , al- 
though it be neuer fo much fodden and dreffed any way. 

Beanes haue not a clofe and heauy fubftance, but a fpongie and light, and this fubftance hatha 
fcouring and clenfing facultie; for it is plainly feene, that the meale of Beanes clenfeth away the 
filth of the skin ; by reafon of which qualitic it paffeth not flowly through the belly. 

And feeing the meale of Beanes is windie, the Beanes themfelues if they be boyled whole and 
eaten are yet much more windie. 

Ifthey be parched they lofe their windineffe, but they areharder of digeftion,and doe flowly 
defcend, and yeeld vnto the body thicke or groffe nourifhing iuyce ; but if they be eaten green.be- 
fore they be ripe and dried, the fame thing hapneth to them which is incident to all fruits that‘are 
eaten before they be fully ripe ; that is to fay, they giue vnto the body a moift kinde of nourith- 
ment, and therefore a nourifhment more full’6f excrements, not onely in the inward parts, but alfo 
in the outward,and whole body thorow : therefore thofe kindes of Beans do leffe nourifh,but they 
do more {peedily paffe thorow the belly,as the faid Author in his booke of the Faculties of fimple 
Medicines faith, tharthe Beane is moderately cold and dry. 

The pulpe or meate thereof doth fomewhat clenfe, the skin doth a littlebinde. 

Therefore divers Phy fitians haue giuen the whole Beane boyled with vineger and faltto thofe 
that were troubled with the bloudy flix,with laskes and vomitings. 

Itratfeth flegme out of thecheft and lungs : being outwardly applied it drieth without hurt the 
watery humors ofthe gout. We haue oftentimes vfed the fame being boiled in water,and fo mixed 
with fwines greafe, 


We 


Lisa. Of the Hiftory of Plants: 1211 


OO 
We haue laid the meale therofwith Oxymel,or fyrrup ofvineger, both vpon bruifed and weun- I 


) ded finewes,and vpon the wounded parts of fuch as haue been bitten or ftung,to take away the fie- 


rie heat. 
Italfomaketh a good plaifter and pultis for mens ftones and womens paps:for thefe parts when K 


| they are inflamed, haue need.of moderate cooling,efpecially when the paps are inflamed through 


the cluttered and congealed milke contained in them, 
Alfo milke is dried vp with that pultis. L 
The meale thereof (as Dioféorides further addeth) being tempered with the meale of Fenugreek M 


} and hony,doth takeaway blacke and blew fpots, which come by driebeatings, and wafteth away 


| kernels vnder the eares. 


With Rofe leaues, Frankincenfe,and the white of an egge, it keepeth backe the watering of the 4 
eies ; the pin and the web,and hard {wellings. 

Being tempered with wine it healeth fuffufions,and ftripes of the eies. 

The Beane being chewed without the skin, is applied tothe forehead againft theumes and fal- © 
ing downe of humours. 

Being boiled in wine it taketh away the inflammation of the f{tones. 

The skins of Beans applied tothe place where the hairs were firft plucked vp,wil not fuffer them 
to grow big,but rather confumeth their nourifhment. 

Being applied with Barly meale parched and old oile,they wafte away the Kings euil]. 

The decoion of them ferueth todie woollen cloth withall. 

This Beane being diuided into two parts (the skin taken off) by which it was naturally ioined V, 
together, and applied, ftancheth the bloud which doth too much iffue forth after the biting of the ~ 
horfeleach, if the one halfe be laied vpon the place. 

The blacke Beane is not vfed with vsat all,fecing,as we haue faid, it is rare,and fowne onely ina X 


to 


few mens gardens,who be delighted in varietie and ftudie of herbes. 


Hn FON 


Cuap. 508. Of Kidney Beane. 


@| The Kindes, 


2 Be: ftocke or kindred of the Kidney Bean afewonderfully many;the difference {pecially con: 
| & fifteth in the colour of the fruit: there be other differences, whero f towrite particularly would 
greatly ftuffe our volume with fuperfluous matter, confidering that the fimpleft is able to diftin- 
guifh apart the white Kidney Beane from the blacke,the red from the purple,and likewife thofe of 
mixt colours from thofe that are onely of one colour: as alfe great ones from little ones. Where- 
fore it may pleafe you to be content with the defcription of fome few, and the figures of the reft, 
with their feuerall titles in Latine and Englith,referring their defcriptions vntoa further confides 
tation,which otherwife would be an endleffe labour,or at the leaft needleffe, 


q The Defeription, 


I He firft kinde of Phafeolus or garden Smilax hath long and {mall branches growing ve- 
ry high, taking hold with hisclafping tendrels vpon poles and ftickes, and whatfoeuer 
ftandeth neere vnto him,as doth the hop orvine,which are fo weake and tender, that without fuch 
props or fupporters they are notable to fuftaine themfelues, but will run ramping on the ground 
fruitleffe: vpon the branches do grow broad Ieaues almoft like Inuie,growing together by three, as 
in the common Trefoile or three leaued Graffe : among whichcome the floures, that do vary and, 
differ in their colours, according to the foilewhere they grow , fometimes white,fometimes red , 
and oftentimes of a pale colour : afterwards there come out long cods, whereof fome are crooked, 
and fomeare ftraight,and in thofe the fruit is contained, fmaller than the common Beane,fomwhat 
flat,and fafhioned I1ke a Kidney,which are of diuers colours,likevnto the floures : whereto for the 
moft part thefe are like. i 

2 Thereis alfo another Dolichys or Kidney Beane,lefler,fhorter, and with fmaller cods, whofe 
flouresand fruit are like in formeto the former Kidney Beanes, but much leffer, and of a blacke 
colour. 

3 Thereis likewife another ftrange Kidney Beane,which doth alfowinde it felfe about poles 
and propsneere adioining that hath likewife three leaues hanging vpon one ftem, as haue the other 
Kidney Beans,but cuery one is much narrower and alfo blacker:thecods be fhorter,plainer,and flat- 
ter, and containe fewer feeds, 1 Ree oe j 

ON 3 4 This 


7212 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


I Phafeolus albus. 
White Kidney Beane. 


3 Smilax hortenfis rubra, 
Red Kidney Beane. 


Lis. 2. 


2 Phafeolus niger. 
Blacke Kidney Beane. 


4. Smilax hortenfis flava. 
Pale yellow Kidney Beane. 


4 ) 
Js 
Lek 
Fir ey) 


te 


= ~ << = . = 
S Akt = Aa 
reece mn} Ws SLU A 9 
| meet 
ri Sh 


LTT 


Ul 


ee 


Lis. 2, ‘Of the Hiftroy of Plants, ary 3 ? : 


£ 5 “Phaféol us pereerinus findlu minore aloo. 
Indian Kidney Beane with a {mall white fruit. 


¥ 7 Phafeolus peregrinus arrguftifolins. 
Narrow leafed Kidney Beane. 


£ 6 Phafeolus peregrinus fructa minore frutefcens , 
Indian Kidney Beane witha {mall red fruit, 


a 


& 


+4 ThisKidney Bean differeth not from the 
Others,but onely in the colour of the fruitwhich 
ateofa pale yellow colour, wherein confittetl 
the difference, 

+ Befides the varieties of thefe Kidney Beans 
mentioned by our Author, there are diuers other 
reckoned vp by Clufins,which haue been brought 
out of the aft and Weft Indies, and from fome 
parts of Africa ; I willonly giue you the figures 
of two or three of them outof Clufizs,with the coz 
lours of their floures and fiuie, ‘ 

5 The ftalke of this is low and ftiffe, the 
floures ofa whitith yellow on the outfide, and of 
aviolet colour within: the fruit is fhow white, 
withablacke fpot in the eye : This is’ Phaftolus 
peregrinus 4..0f Clufius. 

6 Thishath leaues like the Marth Trefoile, 
floures growing Many together, in fhape and 
magnitude like thofe ofcommon Peafe:thecods 
Were narrow,and contained three or foure feeds, 
which were {mall,no biggerthanthe feeds of La. 
burnum. the Painter expreffed twoofthem in the 
feafe next vnder the vppermoft tuft of ffoures : 
this is Clufius his Phafeolus perecrinus.5. 

7 This growes high,winding about poles or 
other {upporters; the leaues are narrower than 
the former:the fruit leffer and flatter,ofa reddith 
colour. This is the Phafeolus percgrinus 6. of 
Clafius. 

8 This windes about poles, and growes toa 

girat 


ke 


ta 


cep ne ern nen St 


Ofthe Hifterie of Plants. 


8 Phafeoli Brafilcans ad ViVU. 


1 


a 
Zod 


fle 


Kidney Bean in his ful bigne 


The Brafile 


ou 

a 

wes 

+ 
$q 
Sq 
x 0 
“~s 
Ss 
as 
mau. 
aa 
i= 
Ts 
aS 
Ry BG 
oO 


Wi, 


Wy i, 


“al 


ANN 


The party coloured Beane of Egypt. 


° 


y) 


yptiace 


y) 
J 


q 


1g" 
S 


Phafcolys 


2 


= ae Ra 


] 
: 


Purging Kidney Bean of Ametica. 


——. 


— 


St Soaee Of the Hittroy of Plants, 


See ae EES 


10 Phaftoli Amevicipurgantes. 


Phisfeoli parui pallid albi ex 


WMmerica delaré, 
> 


steatheight.witk foft hairy leaues and lange, cods, wherein are contained feeds. of diuerscolotits 5 
fonietimes they atered,othermhilesofawhitith ath colour, fometimes wholly blaek} and-orhers 
whles-fpotted, 

9 The Egyptian Beane isfomewhat likeotheother Kidney Beanesiinhis grow ing: his frnitis. 
ofthe bignefe ofa {mall Hafellnut,blacke on one fide, andiofia golden yellow or Orenge colour! 
on the other. # : 

Befides thefe you finde here figured, and diuers others defcribed by Clu/ws,1 think it not amiffe 
to mention two more. The firft of thefe,which was procured by M', Tradeféant, and groves in our 
Gardens, is a large plant, not differing in manner of growth from the former Iadian Kidney 
Beanes, but his floures are largesmany. and @fan elegant fearlet calaur: whence ir isvulgarly ter- 
med by out Flourifts, the Scarlet Beane.’ The other ‘I haue fecne grow to alittleheight, but it 
would not indure ; but the cods of itwhich were brought tovs were fone three inches long, and 
couered with a hairie downe ofa reddith colons, whieh put vpon the hands or skin in any part of 
thebody would fting like a Nettle, and this was called the Stinging Beane: I thinke it came from 
fome partof the Ba Iacies,. is ad nD ao“ omnes S11 ey 

4 q The 


| ’ 
A, 
i 
| B 
| 
{ 
i 
if 
hy 


il. Bate ~ Of the Hittorie of Plants. 


a The Place, ; ; 
Kidney Beanes doe eafily and foone {pring vp, and grow intoa very greatlength , being {cwre 
neere to long poles faftned hard by them,or hard by arbors or bafiqueting places, orban ifethey lie 
flaron the ground,flowly come vp,hardly bring forth fruitjand become faultieand {mitted,as Theo. 
phrafius wrireth, 

r S| The Time. 

itis fowne in the Spring,efpecially in the midft of April,but not before : the fruit is ripe about 
the end of Sommer. 

@| The Names, 

Hippocrates, 1 rivcles, Theophraftusand moft of the other old Writers do call it dans : diners of the 
bignefle of the feed doname ite and xe # in Latine,s:liqua : Diofcorides calleth it Smilax jbecaufe 
itclimeth vp as Smilax doth,and taketh hold of props, ftaies,and fhrubbes {landing necrevnto it: 
others name itse’a7 «a Diminitive deriued from gan: for eden and gxoveu arenot one and the felfe 
fame pul fe called by diners names, as fome {uppofe,bur fundry fruits one differing from the other, 
as Galen in lis firft booke of the Faculties of Nourifihments doth {uficiently declare,where he in- 
treateth of them both, For tirfthe difputeth of Phafeli and Ochri,Beans,and Peafe then afterward 
others comming berweere,he writeth of Delichus, which alfo is named Phafcolus : and though hee 
may be thought todoubt what manney of pulfe thatis which Theophraflus calleth Dolichus . not- 
withftanding he gathereth and concludeth that it isa fruit ofa garden plant un Italy,and in’ Caria 
growing inthe fields,which is in forme longer than the Cichlings,and was commonly called in bis 
time Faftvlus, Of his opinion is Paulus e#izineta, writing of Phafelus which hee nameth Dolichus, in 
the 79.chap. of-bis firfkbooke. Morcouer, Fafélus was in times pafta common pulfe in Italyand 
Rome,and Dolichus a ftrange pulfe-for Columellaand Palladius,writers of husbandry,haue made men- 
tion of the fowing of Phafelus - and Virgil calleth it Vili in the firft of his Georgicks: but eoncer- 
ning the fowing of Dolichus or Kidney Beane,none of the Larines haue written, by reafon that the 
fame was rare in Italy,and fowne onely in gardens,as Galen hath affirmed, naming it oftentimes a 
garden plant,and fhewing that the fame,as we haue faid,is fowne in Caria ;and likewile Diofcorides 
nameth it eminag: minora, that is to fay,Seilax hortenfisor garden $milax;becaufe it groweth in gardens: 
whoalfowriting of this in another feuerall chapter,thewetlplainely, that Szzlax hortenfis,or Doli- 
chys is another plant differing from Fa/élus which he nameth Phafeolus. sas 

For which caufes ir isnortobedpubted, bur that Phafi/us with three fyllables, differeth from 
F afeoius with foure fy}lables,no otherwife than Cicer,Cicercula and Cicera ditter,which notwithftan- 
ding be neere one to another in names : and it is not tobe doubted but that they'are deceiued who 
thinke it pobe one and the felfe fame Pulfe called by fundry names. 

This plant ts named in Englith,Kidney Beane,Sperage Beanes ;.of fome, Fafelles, or long Pea- 
fon, FrenehBeanes, garden Smilax,and Romane Beanes; in French,Feves de Romme : in Dutch, 


Turck sboonen, 


- Gf The Temperature. 
Kidney Beanes,as Dio/coridesteacheth,do more loofe the belly than Peafon;they areleffe windy , 
and nourifhwell,and no lefle than Peafon,as Diocles faith : they be alfo without ingendring windi- 
neffe atall ‘the Arabian Phy fitions fay that they are hot and moift of nature. 
The Vertnes. : 

The fruit and cods of Kidney Beanes boiled together before they be ripe, and buttered, and fo 
eaten with their cods,are exceeding delicate meat, and do not ingender winde as the other Pulfes 
doe. 

They doe al{o gently loofe rhe belly, :proudke vrine,and ingender good bloud reafonably well ; 
but if youearthem when they beripe, theyareneither toothfome norwholfome, Therefore they 
are to be taken whileft they are yet greene and tender, which are firft boiled vntill they be tender ; 
then is the tib or finew thatdothrun alongt the cod tobe taken away ; then muft they be put into 
a {tone pipkin,or fome other yeffell with butter, and fet to the fire againe to ftew,or boile gently: 
which meat is very wholfome,nourifhing,and ofa pleafant tafte. 


Gp The Defcription. 


I He tame or garden Lupine hath round hard ftems,which ofthemfelues do ftand vp- 
right without any fuccour,help or ftay : the leaues confift of f ue, fix,or feuen ioined to- 


open LL 
getner, 


P Las2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1217 
i 1 Lupinus fartond. alino bor, a 2 Lupinus flore luteo. 
| Garden Lupines. Yellow Lupines, 


Bie Napea tS, 


Som RA See eB 


Seibel Ss iS: 


— 


£ 4 Lupinus maior flo.caruleos 
The greatblew Lupine. 


cf 
i 
ht 
Salt 

| 
» 


eee 


Kkkkk 


= om a 
-me os me emit 


> SS : 


— 
3 = 
— Se 


hme 


= 
os 
mele. 


i 
b 
{ 
1 
f 


B 


Cc 


D 
E 


3h 
G 


i218 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lip. 2 


sether,like thofe ofthe Chait tree,green on the vpper fide, andon the nether fide white and dow 
get! 


ny;and in the euening about the fetting of the Sun they hang flagging downwards as though they 
were withered:among thefe there commeth vpa tuft of floures ofa pale or light bluth colour,which 
turne into great rough cods, wherein is the fruit, which is flat and round likea cake,ofa white co~ 
lour,and bitter in tafte: and where they cleaue vnto the cod, in that part they haue a certaine dent 
like a little nauel!. This Lupine hath but one root,which is flender and wooddie, hauing hanging 
on ita few fmall threds like haires. : 

ae “The yellow Lupine is like to the garden one in ftalke and leawes yet both of thefe leffer and 
fhorter. It hath beautifull floures of an exceeding faire gold yellow colour, fweet of {mell, made 
vp into an care,of the colour of the yellow violet,and fomewhat of the {mel] :thecoddes are {mall, 
hard ,fomew hat hairy : the feeds be little, flat,round,in tafte ex treme bitter, of fundry colours jill 
fanored,far leffer than the tame one. oF . 

3 The blew Lupines are longer than the yellow,and diuided into more wings and branches:the 
léaues be lefler and thinner: the floures fmall,and leffer than the yellow,of a blew colour:the feeds 
be alfo of diucrs colours, bitter,and leffer than any of them all. 

+ 4 There isalfoanother blew Lupine,whofe leaues,ftalks,floures, and cods are like,but Jar 
ger than thofe of the firft deferibed : the floures areof colour blew,with fomewhiteneffe here and 
there intermixt, ¢ 

q The Place and Time. 

They require (faith Theophraftus)a fandy and bad foile : they hardly come yp in tilled places,bea 
ing of their owne nature wilde : they grow inmy garden, and in other mens gardens about London; 
They are planted in Aprill, and bring forth their fruit at twoor three fundrie times,as though it 
did floure often,and bring forth many crops:the firft in May,the fecond in Iuly,the laft in Septem 
ber,but it feldome commeth to ripeneffe, . 

q The Names, 

This pulfeis named in Greeke pues Super: in Latine,Lupinusand Lupinus fativus : inhigh Dutch} 
Feigbonen in Italian, Lupino dome ftico : in Spanith, Evtramocos: in the Brabanders language, Wich 
boonen.and Lupiner sin French, Lupins : in Englith,Garden Lupine, tame Lupine, and of fome 
after the German name Fig-beane, 

| The Temperature and Vertues, 

The feed of the garden Lupine is as, that is to fay, much and often vfed,as Galen faith in hig 
books of the Faculties of Nourifhments:for the fame being boiled and afterwards fteeped in faire 
water,vntill fuch timeas it doth altogether lofe his natural] bitternes, and laftly being feafoned 
with a reafonable quantitie of falt,it'is eaten with pickle. The Lupine is ofan hard and earthy fub- 
flance,wherefore it is neceffarily of hard digeftion, and containeth in ita thicke inice ; of which 
being not perfectly conco&ed in the veines,is ingendred a blozd or iuice which is properly called 
crude,or raw:but when it hath loft allhis bitternes by preparing or dreffing of it(as aforefaid)it is 
like wie%min,that is to fay,to fuch things as are without relith which is perceiued by the tafte;& be- 
ing foprepared, it is,as Gales writeth in his books of the Faculties of fimple medicines, one of the 
emplaiftickes or clammers. 

But whileft the naturall bitterneffe doth as yet remaine, ithath power toclenfe and to confume 
or watte away ; it killeth wormes in the belly,being both applied in manner of an ointment and gi- | 
uen with hony to licke on,and alfo drunke with water and vineger. | 

Moreouer,the decoétion thereof inwardly taken,voideth the wormes ; and likewife ifitbe fun- 
dry times outwardly vfed asa bath, it isa remedy againft themorphew, fore heads,the {mall Pox, 
wilde {cabs,eangrenes,venomous vicers,partly by clenfing, and partly by confuming and dryin 
Por biting; being taken with Rew and Pepper,that it ma y be the pleafanter, it {coureth the lie 
uerand mile. 


It bringeth downe the menfes, and expelleth the dead childe if it be layed towith myrrh and 
honie, 

Moreouer,the meale of Lupines doth wafte or confume away without any biting qualitie,for it 

oth not onely take away blacke and blew {pots that come of dry beatings, but alfo it cureth Che 

radas,and Phymata : but then it is tobe boiled either in vineger or oxymell, or elfe in water and vi- 
neger,and that according to the temperature of the grieued parties,and thediuerfities ofthe difea- 
Les, Quod ex vfix eft eligendo: and it alfotaketh away blew marks,and what thing focuer elfe wé haue 
faid the decoction could do,all the fame doth the meale likewife performe. 

Thefe Lupines,as D jofiorides doth furthermore write, being boiled in raine water till they yeeld 
acertainé ¢teame,are good to clenfeand beautifie the face. 


They cure the feabs in theepe with the root of blacke Chameleon Thiflle, if they be wathed 
with the warme decoéion, 


The 


© dant °° Oe the Hiftory of Plants: 1219 


The root boiled with water and drunke, prouoketh vrine. 


The Lupines being made {weet and pleafant,mixed with vineger and drunk take away the loth- * 


fomneffe of the ftomacke,and caufe a good appetite to meat. 


Lupines boiled in that ftrong leigh which Barbars do vfe,and fome Wormwood, Centorie,and K 


bay falt added thereto, ftay the running and {preading of a Gangrena, and thofe parts that are de- 
riued of their nourifhment and begin to mortifie,and ftaicth the ambulatiue nature of running 


and {preading vIcers,being applied thereto very hot, with ftuphes of cloth or tow, 


Cuap. 510, OfPeafon. 
@ The Kindes, 


Hete be diuers forts of Peafon,differing very notably in many refpedts fome of the garden,and 
others of the field,and yet both counted tame: fome with tough skinnes or membranes in the 
cods,and others haue noneat all,whofe cods are to be eaten with the Peafe when they be young,as 
thofe of the young Kidney Beane : others carrying their fruit inthe tops of the branches,are eftee- 
med and taken for Scottith Peafonwhich is not very common. There be diuers forts growing wild, 


as fhall be declared. 


2 Pifam minus. 


Gardenand field Peafe. 


1 Pifum mains. 
Rownciuall Peafé, 


@ The Defcription. 
a“ FHe great Peafe hathlong ftalks,hollow,brickle,ofa whitith green colour,branched,and 
i {pread vpon the cround,vnleffe rhey be held vp with proppes fet neere vnto them : the 

leafe thercof is wide and long,made vp of many little Ieaues which be {mooth, white, 

growing vpon one little ftalkeor ftem, and fet one right againft another : it hath alfo in the vpper 
part long clafping tendrels, wherewith ic foldeth it felfe vpon props and ftaies ftanding next 


Kkkkka 


# 


3220 


3 Pifum vinbellatum, 
Tufted or Scottifh Peafe. 


; Of the Eliftorie ef Plants. “ie Li s.2. : 


A Pifum excorticatum, 
Peafe without skins inthe cod, 


5 Pifum fylueftre. 
Wilde Peafe. 


6 Pifwim perenne fylucftre. 
Euerlafting wilde Peafe. 


| 
9 
3 


7 


a agree: 


Lis. 2. OF the Hiltory of Plants. ; ii 


it : the floure is white and hath about the middle of ita purple fpot: the cods be long, round Cil:7 
dri forma : inwhichare contained {ccds greater than Ochri,or little Peafon , which being dricare 
cornered,and that vnequall,ofcolour fometimes white and fometimes gray : theroots are finall. 

2 The field Peafe is fo, very well knowne toall,that irwereaneedleffe labour to {pend time 
ab@itthedefcription, = | ° 

3. Tufted Peafe are like vnto thofe of the field, or of the garden ia each refpe@, the difference 

eonfifteth onely in that, that this plant carrieth his floures and fruit in the tops ofthe branches in 
around tuft orvmbel, contrary to all other of his kinde, which bring forth their fruit in the mid ft; 
and along ft the ftalks : the root. is thicke and fibrous. ; 

4 Peafe without skins, in the cods differ not from the. precedent, fauing that the cods hereof 

want that tough skinny membrane in the fame,which the hogs cannot eat by reafon of the tough- 
neffe ; whereas the other may be eaten cods and all the reft,euen as Kidney beanes are : which being 
fo dreffed are exceeding delicate meat. miter a Ted 

5 Thewilde Peafe differeth not fromthe common feld Peafe in falkeand Ieaues,fauing that 
this wilde kinde is fomewhat leffer: the foures are of a yellow colour,and the fruit is much lefler. 

6 The Peafewhofe rootneuer dies differeth not from the wilde Peale, oncly his continuing 
without fowing,being oncefowne or planted,fetteth forth the difference. sa 

@ The Places 

Peafe are fet.and fown in gardens,as alfo.in the fields in all places of England, The tufted Peafe 
ate in reafonabie plenty in the VVeft part.of Kent,about Sennocke or Scuenoek ;in other places not 
{ocommion. ‘e 

The wilde Peafe do grow in paftures and earable fields in diuters places, {pecially about the field 
belonging vnto Bifhops Hatfield 1n Harttord thire. re 

The Time. 

They be fowne inthe Spring tinie, like as be alfo other pulfes, which are tipe in Summer: they. 

profper beft in ware weather, and eafily take harme by cold,efpecially when they foure, 
a] The Names, { 

The great Peafe is called in Latine P fam Romanum,or P.fam maius : in Englith,Roman Peafe,or 

the greater Peate,alfo garden Peafe: of lome, Branch Peafe, French Peafe,and RounGuals.Theophra- 
frus and other old Writers do.ca'l it in Grecke sim: in Latine alfo Pifum : in low Dutch, Roomlche 
erwitert : in French. dvs Poss. The little Pcafeis called ot the Apothccarieseuery where Pifam, and 
Pifsm minus vitis called in Englith, little Peafe,or the common Peafe- 

| The Temperature and Vertues. ; 

The Peafe,as ippocrates faith,is lefle windie than Beans,but it paffeth fooner through the belly. 
Galen writeth,that Peafon are in their Whole fubftance like vnto Beanes,and be eaten after the fame 
manner that Beans are,notwithftanding they differ from them in thefe two things, both becaufe 
they are not fowindie as be the beanes, and alfo for tharthey hane nora clenfing faculty,and there- 
fore they do more flowly defeend throush the belly. They hie noeffe tuall qualitie manifett,and 
are in a meane between thofe thinzs which are of goo and bad iuite,that nourith much and litle, 
thar be windie and without winde, as Galen in his booke of the Faculties of Nourifhments hath 
written of thefeand of beans. 


Guar. 5tt. Of the tameé or Garden (icke. 
@ The Defcription. 


« Arden Giche bringeth forth round ftalks, branched and fomewhat hairy, leaning on the one 

f ide : the leaues'are made of many little ones growing vpon one ftem or rib, and fet one right 
againft another; of which every one is fmall,broad,and nicked on the edges, leffer than the 
leaues of wilde Germander : the floures be fmal,of colour either white,or ofa reddith purple:after 
which come vp litr'e thott cods,puffed vp'as it were with winde like little bladders, inwhich doe 
lie two orat the mot three feeds cornered, fmall towards the end,wich one (harp cotner, not much 

vnlike toa Rams head,of co!our either white,or ofa reddith blacke purple;inwhich is plainly feen’ 
the place where they begin firftto fprour. The roor is {lender,white and long : For as Theophraftue 
faith the Ciche taketh deepeft root of all the Pu'fes. hen 

\ @ The Plate. 
Icis foiven in Ttaly, Spaine and France , cuery where in the fickds. It js fowen inour London’ 
gardens, but not common, 


Kkkkh 2 


= 
] 
a 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. |e sale 


Cicer fativum. q_ The Time, 
pets pte a Tt is fowne in Aprill,being firft fteeped in wa- 
ter a day before : the fruit is ripe in Augutt. 
: § The Names. 

Itis called in Greeke etenses xt: in Latine, 
Cicer arsetinum,or Rams Ciches, & of the blac- 
kifh purple colour, Cicer nigrum , vel rubrum, 
blacke.or red’Ciche: and the other is named 
Candidum vel album Cicer : orwhite Ciche: in 
Englith,Common Cich,or Ciches,red Cich, 
of tome, Sheepes Ciche Peale, or Sheepes 
Ciche Peafon. 

é @ The Temperature and Vertues\ 

The Ciche,as Galen weiteth in his booke of 
the Faculties of nourifhments, is no leffewin- 

‘ die than the true Bean,but it yeeldeth a ftron- 
er Mourifhmentthan that doth ; it prouoketh 
luftand it is thought to ingender feed. 

Some giue the fame to {talion horfes.More- 
oner, Ciches do fcoure more ‘than do the true 
Beanes: infomuch as cerraine of rhem doma- 
nifeftly diminith orwafte away the {tones in 
the Kidneyes’: thofe be the blacke and little 
Ciches called CArutinaor Rams Ciches, but 
it is better todrinke the broth of them fodden 
in water, : 

Both the Rams Ciches, as Diofcorides faith, 
thewhite and the blacke prouoke vribe, if the 
decoGion therof be made with Rok maty,and 

- giuenvnto thofe that hané eirher the Drop- 
fie or yellow iaundice; but they are hurefull ynto the bladder and Kidneies that haue vicers in 
them, 


Cusp. 512. Of wilde (iches. 


: @ The Kindes. 
He wilde Ciche is liketo the tame (faith Déofcorid-s)but it differeth in feed the later writers 
haue fer downe two kindes hereofjas fhall be declared. 


g The Defcription. 


I He firft wilde Cich bringeth forth a great number of ftalks branched, lying flat on the 

ground : about which be the leaties,confifting of many vpon one rib as co thofeof the 

garden Ciche,but not nicked in the edges , n ore like tothe leaues of Axcich: the flovres come 

forth faftned on {mall ftems,which grow clofe to the ftalks, of a pale yellow colour,and like ynto 

€ares:in their places come vp little cods,in forme and bigneffe of the fruit of garden Ciches,black 

and fomething hairie,in which lieth the feed,that is {mal,hard,flat,and glittering,in afte like thac 
of Kidney Beane : the root groweth deepe,faftened with many ftrings. - 

g } 

2 There is another kindeofwilde Cich that hath alfoa great numberof ftalks Iving vpon the 
ground,about which ftand foft leanes,fomething hairy and white, confifting ofthree broadleaues 
ftariding vpon a middle rib,the leaft of which ftand neereft to the ftem and the greateft at the very 
ton: the floures come forth at the bottome of the leaues many together, of colour vellow; after 


which grow {mal long huskes,foft and hairy,in euery onc whereof isa little cod, in which lie two 
feeds like little Cichlings, 


Ln) OfdsEliReiyat Plants =r 


1 Cicer fyluefire. 2 Cicer [yhiePralet folinn 
The wilde Cich. 7‘: Broad leafed wilde‘Cich, 


x 


V3 ies 


a 


@|..The Places 
Thefe plants are fowne inthe parts beyond the {eas for:to feed theix.cattell. with in winter,as we 
do tares, vetches, and fuch other bafe pulfes lq radio bar 
q The Time. 
The time anfwereth the Vetch or tare. 
q The Names. Pt 
Thewild Cich hath noother name in Latine but Cicer /ylueftre : the later writers haue not found 
any nameatall. : 
a The Temperature and Vertes 


Theit temperature and vertues are referred to the garden Cich,as Theophraftus affirmes ; and Ga- 
len faith that the wilde Cich is inall things like vato that of the garden, bat in Phyficks vfe more 
effeGuall, by reafon it is more hotter and drier,and alfo more biting and bitter. 


Cuar. 53. Of Lentils. 
@ The Defcription. 


1 He firft Lentil growes vp with flender talks, and leaues which be fomwhat hard,grow- 

ing aflope from both fides of the rib or middle ftalke,narrow and many innumber like 

thofe of Tares, but narrower and leffer : the floures be fmall,tending fomewhat cowards a purple: 

the cods are little and broad : the feeds in thefeare in number thee or foure, little, round, plaine, 
and flat : the roots are {mall and threddy. 

3. Thefecond kinde of Lentill hath fmall tender and pliant branches a cubic high , wheron 
do grow leaues diuided or confitting of fundry other {mall leaues, like the wilde Vetch,ending at 
the middle rib with fome clafping tendrels, wherewith it taketh hold of fuch things as are neere 
vntoit: among thefe come forth little brownith floures mixed with white, which turne into {mall 


flat cods,containing little browne flat feed, and fometimes white. 
q The 


iW 
t 
$ 
| 


E 


1 Lessmaior, 
Great Lentils, 


_ @ The Place: : 

Thefe Pulfes do grow in my gardens and ir is reported vnto me by thofeof Pood credit, thar a- 
bout Watford in Middlefex and other places of England the husbandmen dofow them for their 
cattell, euen as others do Tares. 

a The Time. 

They both floure and wax ripe in Iuly and Augutt. 

q The Names, 

They are called in Greeke qaxie, Of eve: in Latine ,Lens,and Lenticala + in high-Dutch, Linferrs 

in French, Lentille : in Italian, Lentichia: in Spanith, Lentesa : in Englifh, Lentils. 


q The Temperature and Vertues, Ae 

Lentils,as Gale faith, are ina meane betweene hot and cold 
gree: their skin is aftringent or binding, and the meate or fub 
thy iuyce, hauing a qualitie thar isa little auftere or fomething harfh, much more the skin there- 
of; butthe iuyee of them is quite contrarie to the binding qualitie ; wherefore ifa man fhakboile 


them in faire water, and afterwards feafon the water with falt and pickle, aut cum ipfis oleo condiens, 
and then take it, the fame drinke doth loofe the belly, 


The firt decoion of Lentils doth loofe the belly ; but if they be boyJed againe, and the firft 
decoction caft away, then doe they binde, and ate good againit the bloudy flixe or dangerous 
laskes. 


They do their operation more effe@ually in ftopping or binding, if all orany of thefe following 


{tance within is of a thicke and ear- 


c 


beboyled therewith, that is to fay, red Beets, Myrtles, pils of Pomegranats,dried Rofes,Medlars, 
Seruice berries, vnripe Peares, Quinces, Piantaine leaues, Galls, or the berries of Sumach. 

The meale of Lentils mixed with honey doth mundifie and clenfe corrupt vicers and rotten 
fores, filling then with flefh againe ; and ismoft fingular to be put into the common digeftiues 
vied among our Londo Surgeons for greene wounds. 

The Lentil hauing the skin or coat taken off, as it lofeth that ftrong binding qualitie,and thofe 
accidents that depend onthe fame, fo doth it more nourith than ifithad the skinon. 

It ingendreth thicke and naughty iuyce, and flowly pafleth thorow the belly, yet doth it nor 


ftay the loofneffe as that doth which hath his coat on; and therefore they that v{e to cat too much 


thereof 


»yetare they dry in the fecond de- 


Lip. 2 


~ OF the Hiftroy of Plants. 1225 


thereof do neceflarily become Lepers, and are much fubie& to cankets, for thicke and dry nou- 
_rifhments are apt to breed melancholy. 
| _ Therefore the Lentill is good food for them that through waterith humours be apt to fall into 
| the dropfic,and it isa moft dangerous food for dry and withered bodies ; for which caufe it bring- 
eth dimnefle of fight, though the fight be perfec, through his exeefliue drineffe, whereby the fpi- 
| rits of the fight be wafted ; butit is good for them that are ofa quitecontrarie conftitution. 
_  Itisnot good for thofe that want their termes ; for it breedeth thicke bloud, and {uch as tlowly 
paffeth through the veines. é 
Butitis fingular good to ftay the menfes, as Galea in his booke of the faculties of nourifhments 
afiirmeth. : 
Itcaufeth troublefome dreames (as Dés/corides doth moreouer write) it hurteth the'head, fi- 


newes, and lungs. 


It is good to fvallow downe thirty graines of Lentils fhelled or taken from their husks,againft 


| the ouereafting of the ftomacke. 


Being boyled with parched barly meale and laid to,it affwageth the paine and ach of the gout. 

With honey it filleth vp hollow fores, it breaketh afchares, clenfeth vicers : being boyled in 
wine it wafterh away wens and hard fwellings of the throat. 

With a Quinee,and Melilot,and oyle of Rofes it helpeth the inflammation of the eyes and fun- 
dament-but in greater inflammations of the fundament,and great deep vicers, it is boyled with the 
rinde of apomegranat, dry Rofe leaues,and honey. 

And after the fame maner againft eating fores that are mortified if {ea water be added, it is alfo 
aremedie againft pufhes, the fhingles,and the hot inflammation called S.Anthonies fire, and for 
kibes, in fuch manner as we haue written: being boyled in fea water and applied, it helps womens 
pbrefts iawhich the milke is cluttered, and cannot fuffer too great aboundance of milke, 


Cuar. 514. Of (ich or true Orobus, 


Orobus receptus Herbariorun. @] The Defiription. 
The true Orobus. 
T His Pulfe,which ofmoft Herbarifts is takeri 
for the true Orobus,and called of fome,bit- 
ter Fitch,is one of the Pulfes whofe tender bran- 
ches traile vpon the ground,as T heophrajtus faith, 
and whofe long tender branches {pred far abroad, 
whereon doe grow leaues like thofe of the field 
Vetch : among which grow white floures ; after 
which come long cods, that appeare bunched on 
the outfide againft the placewhere the feeds do 
lic, which are fmall,round,ruffet of colour,and of 
a bitter tafte : the roor is {mall and fingle. 
@ The Place. ‘ 

It profpereth bet ina leane foile, according 
to Columella: it groweth in woods and copfes in 
fundry places of Spaine and Italy, but here only 
in gardens, 

«| The Time: 

This is fowne early and Jate,but ifitbe fowne 
inthe {pring it eafily commeth vp, and is plea- 
fant , and vnpleafant ifit be fowne inthe fall of 
the leafe. 

a The Nymes. 

This is called in Greeke ogee: : the fhops of 
Germanie haue kept the name orobys : the Itali- 
ans cal it Macho:the Spaniards,Yervo,and Yeruos: 
in Englifh it is called bitter Vetch, or bitter 
Fitch, and Orobus, after the Latine name, Of 
fome Ersyafter the French name. 


a The 


> 


SESE ean Vane Syn News ee 
pea Se 
——— 


1226 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lin, 2 


A 


| 


oni | The Temperature andVertues, 

Galen inhis firft booke of the Faculties of nourifhments faith, That men do altogether abftaine 
from the bitter Vetch, for it hath a very vnpleafant tafte, and naughty iuyce ; but Kinein Afiaand 
in moft other countries do eate thereof, being made fweet by fteeping in water ; notwithftanding 
men being compelled through neceffitie of great famine, as Hippocrates alfo hath written,do often- 
times feed thereof, and we alfo dreffing them after the manner of Lupines, vfe the bitter Vetches 
with honey, as a medicine that purgeth thicke and groffe humors out of the cheft and lungs, 

Moreouer, among the bitter Vetches the white are not fo medicinable , but thofe which are 
neere to a yellow, or to thecolour of Okar; and thofe that haue becne twice boyled, or fundrie 
times foked in water, lofe their bitter and vnpleafant tafte, and withall their clenfing and cutting 
qualitie, fo that there is onely left in them an earthy fub{tance, which ferues for nourifhment,that 
drieth withoutany manife(ft oitterneffe. 

And in his booke of the Faculties of fimple medicines he faith, That bitter Vetch is dry inthe 
later end of the fecond degree, and hot in the firft : moreouer, by how much it is bitter,by fo much 
it clenfeth, cutteth, and remoueth ftoppings : but ifit be ouermuch vfed ir bringeth forth bloud 
by vrine. ‘ 

Diofcorides writeth,that bitter Vetch caufeth head-ache arid heauy dulneffe,that ir troubles the 
belly,and driueth forth bloud by vrine , notwithftanding being boyled it ferueth to fatten Kine. 

There is made of the {eed a meale fit to be vfed in medicine, after this maner : the full and white 
graines are chofcn out, and being mixed together they are fteeped in water, and fuffered to lie till 
they be plumpe, and afterwards are parched till the skinne be broken; then are they ground, and 
fearfed or fhaken thorowa meale fieue, and the meale referued. 

This loofeth the belly, prouoketh vrine, maketh one well coloured : being ouermuch eaten or 
drunke it draweth bloud by the ftoole,with gripings, and alfo by vrine 

With honey itclenfeth vicers, taketh away freckles,fun-burnes, blacke {pots in the skinne,and 
maketh the whole body faire and cleane. 

It ftayeth running vicers or hard fivellings, and gangrens or mortified fores ; it fofteneth the 
hardnefle of womens breafts,it taketh away and breaketh eating vicers,carbuncles,and fores ofthe 
head : being tempered with wine and applied it healeth the bitings of dogs, and alfo of venomous 
beafts. . 

With vineger it is good againft the ftrangurie, and mitigateth paine that commeth thereof; 

It is good for them that are not nourifhed after their meat, being parched and taken with hony 


‘in the quantitie ofa nut. 


The deco<tion of the fame helpeth the itch in the whole body, and taketh away kibes, if they 
bewathed or bathed therewith. 

Cicer boyled in fountaine water with fome Ovebus doth affwage the fwelling of the yard and pri- 
ule parts of man or woman,ifthey be wafhed or bathed in the deco<tion thereof. and the fubftance 
hereof may alfo be applied plaifterwife. 

Itis alfo vfed for bathing and wafhing of vicers and running fores,and is applied vnto the feurfe 
of the head with great profit. 


Crap. $15. Of the Vetch or Fetch. 


q The Defcription, 


I T He Vetch hath flenderand foure {quared ftalkes almoft three foot Jong : the leaues bé 
} long, with clafping tendrels at the end made vp of many little leaues growing vpor 
one ri or middle ftem euery one whereof is greater, broader, and thicker than that of the Len- 
tl; the floures are like to the floures of the garden beane, but of a blacke purple colour : the cods 
be broad, fmall, and in cuery One are contained fiue or fix graines, not round,but flat like rhofe of 
the Lentil, of colour blacke, and of an vnpleafant tafte. 
¢ 2 There is another of this kinde which hath a creeping and liuing root,trom which it fen- 
deth forth créfted ftalkes fome cubit and halfe high: the leaues are winged, commonly a dozen 
Stowing vpon one rib, which ends inaw inding tendrel : each peculiar leafe is broader toward the 
bottome, and fharper towards the top, which ends not flat, but fomewhat round. Out of the bo- 
lomes of the leaues towards the tops of the ftalkes, on fhort foot-ftalkes grow two, three or more 
pretty large peafe-fathioned blewith purple floures, which are fucceeded by fuch cods as the for- 
mer, but fomewhat leffer; which when they grow ripe become blacke, and fly open of themfelues, 
: . and 


+ 1.Vicia, | 2 Viciamaxima dumetorum, 
Tare, Vetch, or Fetch, . 4 > Buh Vetch, . 
Wieta far. f binw Spun — 


NY) NR nf) Z : g 


A aT + 

£ 3 Vicia fyl. flo, albo. 4 Vicia [ylueftris, fine Cracca maior. 

White floured Vetch. Smangle Tare,T ine,or wilde Fetch. 
= 2 


tas Of the Hiftory of Plants: 1227 


+ 
ee 
ie 
ae 
* 
mt 
f 
% 
i 
1 
4 
; 


ens See 


/ 


F 


1228 Of the Hiftory of Plans Ss Lan. 2. 


TS ply sees oat Sean Erp ee . A eee aoe % iene 
and fo {catter their feed. This growes in many places w Bi geen here and in Ger 
manie, as appeares by that name Bawhine thence giues itcallinis it Vicia mbxima dumetorum, Tragus 
makes it his Viciafyl: altera,and indges it tabe the Aphace. of Diofcorides, and he faith the Latines 
call it Os mundi: theh 


Durch, &, Cells kraut, and Schwarts Linten, Taberv.calls it 
Cracca maior, . j 


, 3 | Thisalfo hatha lafting root,which fen- 
deth yp round crefted branches,a foot and fom» 
timesa cubit high, whereon grow fuch leaues 
as thofe of the former, but more white and 
downie : the floures,which grow on fhort foot- 
ftalkes,out of the bofomes of the leaues, to- 
wards the top of the ftalks, are ofa whitifh co- 
NY * lour, with veines ofa dusky colour,diuaricated 

Ce S appt &s ‘ouer the vpper leafe: the cods are like thofe of 
HP Fata NAY) Z NZ the common Fetch, Clufiws found this in fome 

OF HL (S wilde places of Hungarie ; it floured in May: 
he calls it Hicia [ilucitris albo flore. 

4 Strangle Tare, called in fome countries 
Tine, and of others wilde Vetch, is a ramping 
herbe like ynto the common Tare,ramping and 
clymbing among cornewhere it chanceth,that 
it plucketh it downe to the ground , and ouer- 
groweth the fame in fuch fort, that it {poileth 
and killeth not only wheat,but all other graine 
whatfocuer :the herbe is better known thande- 
fired, therefore thefe few lines -thall fuffice for 
thedefcription, + This groweth pretty long, 
with mahy flender weake branches : the leanes 
are much fmaller than the former , and end in 
clafping tendrels :the floures are of a purple 
coloyr, and com monly grow butone ata ioint, 
and they are fucceeded by flat fharpe pointed 
cods which containe fome nine or ten {eeds a. 
piece, 

5 This alfo growesa good height, with 
flenderer ftalks than the former, which is diui- 
ded into fundry branches : the leaucs grow 
foute or fix vpon foot-ftalxes, ending alfo in clafping tendrels : the floures grow vpon pretty long 
but very flender foot-ftalkes, fometimes two or three, otherwhiles more, very fmall, and of a whi- 
tith colour inclining to blewnefle : which are fucceeded by little thort flat cods, containing com- 
nionly foure or fiue little feeds ofa blackith colour : this is the CArachus, fiue Cracca minima of Lo- 
bel ;but I queftion whether it be that which Bayhine in his Pinax hath made the fame with it, cal- 
ling it Viciafegetim cum (iliquis pluvimés birfutis : for that which I haue deferibed,and which exa@- 
ly agrees with this figure of Lobel and that defcription in the Aduerf. hath cods very fmooth with- 


Out any hairineffeatall. This floures moft part of Sommer,and growes in mof places both in 
come fields and medowes. + 


+ 5 Viciafyl. fine Cracca minima, 


Small wilde Tare. 3 
IAD AAW hi rt iw. 


G The Place, 
The Tare is fowne in any ground or foile whatfoeuer. 
G The Time. Z 
It floureth in May, and perfecteth his feed toward September. 
q The Names, 
Itiscalled in Latine Ficia.d vineiendo,of binding or wrapping, as Varro noteth,becaufe,faith he, 
it hath likewife cla {ping tendyels.fach as the vine hath,by which it crawles vpward'ypon the flalks 
of the weeds which are next vnto it +0f fome, Cracca,and Arachusjand alfo Aphaca: it is called in 
high-Dutch, np ickey ¢ in low-Dutch,tHitfer: in French, Vefce « in mok fhops it is falfely termed 
Seer, and Eruum ; for Erunm doth much differ from Vicia ; it is called in Englifh,Vetch,or Fetch. 


Thecountrey men lay vp this Vetch with the feeds and whole plant, that it may be a fodder for 
their cattell. 


fi J 


§ The Temperature and ¥ ertues. 

Notwithftanding J haue k nowne, faith Galen, fome,who in time of famin haue fed hereofefpeci- 
lly in the {pring,ir being but atecne ; yet is it hard ofdigeftion,and bindeth the belly, 

Therefore 


ne 
Se SE dace eon 
Lis. 2. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 1229 


am * +e, 
Therefore feeing it if of this nae fnawure, itis manifeft chat the nourifhment which comes 
Tag hath in itno good inyce at ail, but ihgendreth a thicke bloud, and apt to become melan- 
choly. arses 


The figureof the common Fecch yas formerly wanting, and ji the ftead degen purthae of the other, defcribed herein the fecond places 
ry 


—_— 


Cuar.si6. Of Chichlings, Peale, and Tare enerlafting. 
q + The Defiription. 


I ~Hereisa Pulfe growing in our high and thicke woods,hauing avery thicke tough and 
wooddy root ; from which rife vp diners long weake and feeble branches, contifting 
of atough middle rib, edged on both fides with a thin skinny membrane,fmooth,and 

@a grafle greene colour; whereondo grow.attertaine diftances {mall flat ftems,vpon which ftand 
two broad leaues ioyning together at the bottome:: from betwixt thofe leaues come forth tough 
clafping tendrels which take hold of fuch things as grow next vnto them: from the bofome of the 
ftem, whercon the leaues do grow, fhooteth fortha naked {mooth foot-ftalke, on which doe grow 
moft beautifull floures like thofe of the Peafe, the middle part whereof is of a light red, tending 
toared Purple in graine ; tn outward leaues ate fomewhar lighter, inclining to a bluth colour: 
which being patt, there fucceed long round cods,wherein is contained {eed,of the bigneffe of a 
Tare, but rounder, blackifh without, ‘and yeltowifh within, and of a bitter tafte, 


$ 5 Lathyrus maior latifolius. + 2 Lathyrus anguftifolius lore albo, 
Peafe euerlafting. ‘ White floured Chichelings. 


Ny ¢ Dif Ja. 
Vi tA 
i 


op 
ESS 
fj 


VARS 


+ 2.  Ofwhichkinde there is likewife another like vnto the precedent in each tefpe, fauing 
that the leaues hereof are narrower and Icnger, and therefore called of moft which fet forth the de. 
{eription, Lathyrus anguftifolia : the floures of this are white,and futh alfo is the colour of the fruits 
the'roor is fmal!,and not lafting like that of the former. 

+ 3 The ftalks, leaues,and floures of this are like thofe of the precedent, but the floures are 
of areddith purple colour : the cods are leffer than rae the former, and in them are contained 

lefier 


+ 


ee 


1230 OF the Hiftory of Plants, Lis: 2. 


teffer, harder, and rounder feeds, of adarke or blackith colour. This gijpwes not wildewith vs, 
but is fometimes fowne in gardens, where it floures in Iune and Iuly. 

4 ‘This Egyptian differs not in fhape from thereft of his kinde, but the floures are of an cle- 
gant blew on the infide, but of an ath colour inclining to purple on the outfide : the cods grow vp- 
on long foot-ftalkes, and area little winged,ogwelted, and containe but two or three little corne- 
red feeds fpotted with blacke fpots. This floures in Iuneand Iuly , and the feed thereof was fent 
to Clufies from Conftantinople, hauing been brought thither out of Egypt. 


+ 3 Lathyrus anguftifol. flo. purp. £ 4 Lathyrus Aeyptiacus. 


Purple Houred Chichelings. Egyptian Chichelings. 


5__ The ftalkes of this are fome two or three foot long,winged,weake,and lying on the ground 
vnieffe they haue fomewhat to fupport them. Vpon thefe at certaine diftances grow winged leaues 
with two little eares at their fetting onto the ftalke: thefe leanes confift of fix long and narrow 
greene leaues like thofe of the other plants of this kinde ; and thefe fix leaues commonly ftand vp- 
right,by couples one againft another ; otherwhiles alternately : the foorftalke whereon thefe ftand 
ends in clafping tendrels : the floures are in fhape like the former, but the outer leafe is of a faire 
red or crim{on colour, and the inner leafe white : after the floures come the cods, containing fome 
foure or fiue pretty large flat feeds, which fwell out of the cods where they lie,which in the {paces 
betweene each (eed are depreft, like that of orebwe. This is onlya garden plant with vs,and floures 
in Tune and Iuly, the feed is ripe in Auguft. I haue for this given you Lobels figure of his Lathyris 
anguftiore graminco folio , which may ferue, if you but make the leaues and cods to agreewith this 
defcription. + 

6 The yellow wilde Tareor Fetch hath diuers very fmall ramping ftalkes,tough,and leaning 

this way and that way, not able to ftand of it felfe without the helpe of props or things that ftand 
by it: the leaues are very thinand fharpe pointed : the floures grow along{t the leaues in fafhion 
of the peafe floures, ofa bright yellow colour: the roots are very fmall,long, tough,and in number 
infinite, infomuch that it is impoftible to root it forth, being once gotten into the ground,vnleffe 
the earth be digged vp with the roots,and both caft into theriuer, or burned. Doubtleffe it isthe 
moft pernicious and hurtfull weed ofall others, ynto all manner of greene wholfome herb es or any 
wood whatfoeuer, 


q The 


Lis. 2, Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


£ 5 Lathyrus annuus (fliquis orobi. $C ee 
Party coloured Cicheling. Tate euerlaftine, 1 
: y 3 f ee Le (one COTS 


@ The Place. 

The firft growes in fhadowie woods, and among buthes ; there groweth great ftore thereof in 
Swainfcombe wood, a mile and a halfe from Greenhithe in Kent,as you go to a village thereby 
called Betfome, and in diuers other places. 

ser fixth groweth in moft graffie paftures, botders of fields, and among graine almoft euerie 
where. 


G The Time. 
The time anfwereth the other Pulfes. 
@ The Names.’ 

The firft is called Lathyrus, to make a difference betweene it and Lathyris, or Spu tge: of Matthi- 
olus, Clymenum : of Cordus, Erunm [ativum : of T. ragus, Pifuim Grecorum : in Englith , Peafe eucrla- 
fing, great wilde Tare, and Cichling. 

+ The fecond is the Evwm album (ativum of Fuchfius : Lathyrus or Cicerculaof Dodoneus: Lathy- 
rus anguftiore eramineo folio of Lobel. 

The third is the 4racas fine Ciceraof Dodoneus + the Lathyrus flore purpureoof Camerarius, 

The fourth by Clufius is called Cicercula eAcyptiaca : by Camerarius, Aracus Hifpanicus, fiue Lathy « 
rus Algyptiacns, 

The fifth is nor mentioned by any (that I remember) but M'.Parkénfon,in his garden of floures, 
and that by thename I giue youit. 

The fixth is the Lathyrus fylucftres flo.laters of Thalius : Legumenterra glandibus fimile of Dodonens: 
Vicia of Tabernamontanus : and it may be,the Aracus flore luteo of the Aduer[. Howeuer,] haue put Lo- 
bels fisure of Aracus for it; which well enough agrees with it. I vfe for fome refemblance it hath 
to. Aphacatocallit Aphacoides, + 

| The Temperature andV ertues. 

The temperature and vertues are referred to the manured Tare or Vetch s notwithftanding they 

are not vfed for meate or medicine. 


LIlil2 bila J CHAP 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. = Li 3.2, 


Cuap. 517. 
Of the oylie Pulfe called Sefamum. 


Stfanam, fine Sifamum. | The Defcription, 
The Oylie Graine. 


+ Efamum hath a thicke and fat vprighe 
ftalke a cubitandahalfehigh , garni- 

. thed with leaues much like the Peach 
or Almond, but rougher,and cut in with fomwhat 
deepe gathes on their fides : among{t thefe leaues 
come forth large white or elfe red floures, fome- 
what fhaped like thofe of Foxgloues, which turne 
into round long crefted cods, containing white 
flat oileous feed, Theophraftus affirmeth that there 
isa kinde thereof which is white, bearing only one 
root. Nokinde of beaft will eate this plant while 
it is greene, becaufe of his bitterneffe , but being 
withered and'!dried, the feed thereof becommeth 
{weet,and the cattell will feed on the whole plant. 


q The Place. 
Itgroweth both in Egypt and in India: Se/ama, 
faith Pliay,came from the Indies; they make an 
oile of it. Itisa ftranger in England, 


aT 


fj 4 / 
a Ups 
: Sy 
Py) 
Die SN 
: a NVA 


ee 


@ The Time. 

Itis one of the Sommer grains,and is fowne be 
fore the rifing of the feuen ftarres,as Pliny writeth 
yet Columella faith, that Sefameum mult be fowne af- 
ter the Autumne Aquinodtial, aeainft the Ides of 
Oégtober: they require for the moft part a rotten 
foile,which the husbandmen of Campania do cal] 
ablacke mold. 


qT The Names. 

The Grecians cal this grain stews - the Latines alfo Se/amum, and Sifamum, and often in the foe. 
minine gender Se/ama : we are conftrained for want ofan Englifh name to vfe the Latine 11 is vn 
; knowne to the A pothecaries, ¢fpecially the plant it felfe ; burthe feed and oyle thereof is to be 

found among them in other countries’: we may call it Turky Millet. 
q| The Temperature and Vertues, 

A According to fome it is hot and dry in the firft degree : the feed thereofas Galen faith, is fatand 
therefore being layd vp itcommeth tobe oylie very quickly ; wherfore it fpeedily filleth and ftuf 
feth vp thofe that feed thereof, and ouerthroweth the ftomacke, and is flow of digeftion, and yeel- 

mi | lah deth to the body a fatnourifhment : therefore it is manifeft that it cannot ftrengthen the ftomack, 
or any part thereof,as alfo no other kind of fat thing :and the iuice that commeth thereof is thick, 
and therefore it cannot {peedily paffe thorow the veines. Mendo not greedily feedofitalonebut | 
make cakes thereofwith honey, which they call trea: itis alfo mixed with bread, and is of an 
hot temperature, for which cafe it procureth thirft : and in his booke of the faculties of fimple 
Medicines he faith,that Sefamuz is nota little clammy and fat,and therefore it is anemplafticke, 
anda foftner, and is moderately hot : the oilewhich commeth thercof is of like temperature, and 

j { fo is the decoétion of the herbe alfo. aya! 43 
bean B  _ Diofcorides writeth, That Sefamum is an enemie to the ftomacke,it caufeth a ftiaking breath, ifit 
bi remaine fticking betweene the teeth after itis chewed. s 

| : vf © _ Itwafteth away groffenes of the finewes ; itis aremedicagainft bruifes of the cares, inflamma- 
Bae tions, burnings and {caldings,pains of the ioynts, and biting of the poyfonfom horned ferpent cal- 


4 5 : 3 : ) : . 

iy led Ceraftes. Being mixed with oile of Rofes it takes away the head-ache which commeth of heate. 
1M oh ay Ofthe fame force is the herbe boyled in wine, but it is efpecially good for the heate and paine 

- 7 Hh 

| 

' 


»f theeyes. i 
Of the herb is made an oile vfed ofthe Egyptians,which as Pliny faith is good for the earcs. 
Ir isa remedie againft the founding and ringing of the cares. 
a CHAP. 


aan ae a aE 


| Lre..2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 233 


Cuar. 518. Of Hatchet Fetch. 


The Defcription. 
I He firft kinde of Hatchet Fetch hath many {mall branches trailing here and there vp- 
‘ onthe ground : vpon which grow fmall leaues fpred abroad like the leaues of the 
wilde Fetch ; among which come forth clufters of {mall yellow. floures , which fade 
away, and turne into little flat thin and browne cods, wherein is contained {mall reddith {eed of a 
bitter talte. 

2 ~The fecond kinde of hatchet Fetch hath many round tough and flexible branches, trailing 
vpon the-ground : whereupon do grow leaues like the former, but more like the leaues of Liquo- 
rie, and hauing the.tatte of the Liquorice root; which hath giuen occafionto fome todeeme it 4 
kinde of Liquorice : among thefe leaues come forth pale yellow floures,after which there ficcced 
{mall crooked cods, turning their points inwardly,one anfwering another like little hornes, con- 
taining ftmall flarfeeds foure cornered, and fathioned like a little wedge: the root is tough, of a 
wooddy fubftaace, and doth continue fruitful a very long time. 


T © Bedy(arum mains. 
Hatchet Fetch. 


ae | 


es 
Sane 


We 
Ny 


y i 


<3. There is another kind of Securidaca or hatchet Fetch,which hath branches, leaues,and foots 
litke the laft before remembred, and differeth in that, that the foures of this plant are mixed, and 
do vary into fundry colours, being on the vpper part ofa flefh colour, and on the lower of awhite 
Or fhowieeolour, with a purple Storks bill inthe middle : the leaues are in taftebicter: the cods 
ang {mall like thofe of Birds foot, and not much vnlike the cods of orobus. 

4 /There is likewile another kinde of Securidaca or hiatclict Fetch which is dedicated vnto C4- 
rolus Cli fins by the aforenamed D*, Penay,who found it in the North parts of England, hauing 
leattes, roots, and branches like vnto the former : but the floures of this are white, and mixed with 
fome purple, and bitter alfo in tafte: the cods are like the claw ofa crab, or (as Clufius faith) like 
the knife which fhoo-makers do vie in Flanders ;in which cods are contained {mall reddith {eed : 
this root alfo is oflong continuance. + Clu/ixs doth not fay that D*, Penny found this inthe North 
- ie atin the tetritorie of Geneua not far from Pontetremile, among ft the bufhes, and no 
where elfe, £ ; ; 


El 3 £5 This 


1234 ~ Ofthe Hifterie of Plants L rs.23 . 


£3 Hedyfaram maius filiquis articulatis. + 4 Securidacaminor pallide carulea. 
Hatchet Fetch with ioynted cods. Small blew floured hatchet Fetch. 


Gy 


I 
+ 5 Securidaca minor lutea. +6 Securidaca filiquis planis dentatie. 
} ui Small yellow hatchet Fetch, Indented hatchet Fetch. 


— 


Y 


DHODS 


\ 


: fey atoonp y SOF the Hiftorisief Plans. aa 
— ——— —- is 


#05 Thisin the ftalks,leaues;colour; and fhape of the floures is like,yet leffe than the fir 


_ defcribed ; thecods ate alfo fmaller,lefler,and more crooked’: and herein onely confifts the chiefe 
| difference, it is an annual! plant,and grows onely in fome gardens. Matthiolus, Lobel, Dedonaus and 
| other,make this their Hedyfarum,or Securidaca minor. 
| 6 This hath many crefted branches,whereon great winged leaues,that is,fome twentie or morg 
- faftened to one rib : the floures ate like thofe of the other plants.of this kinde , but the cods are 
_ ofan inch long, flatjor indented or toothed on their fides. But of what colour the floures and feeds 
ate of it is novexprett by Clufias, whoonely fet this forth by a picture, and fome pieces of adried 
| plant thereofwhich he receiued from Cortr{us by the name of S colopendria leguminofa, or Hedy /ariume 
peregrinum : Cortufushad it from Honorius Bellus,who obferued it growing vpon theRocks at Sebe- 
tico,a citic of Llyria. ¢ re: 

7 There isalfo another fort of Hatchet Fetch,which hath very long and tough branches trai: 
fing vpon the ground, befet with leaues like the former, but geen :the floures do grow at 
the top of the branches,ofa pale colour, and turne into rough round and flat cods, fathioned like 
little bucklers : the roor of this (as of the firft)dieth at the firft approch of winter, asfooneas the 
feed isripe: ¢ The ftalks of this are ftiffe and crefted, growing to the height of two cubits, with 
Jeaues as large as thofe of Liquorice : the floures are ofa faire bright red colour: the cods are made 
as it were of many rough buckler-like feeds,or rather feed veflels wherin are contained final browa 

feeds. t 3 % 


$ 7 Hedyfarum Clypeatum. 8 Ferrum Equinum: 
French Honyfuckle. Horfe-thog. 


ume 3S 
CO N<Ze = 
ni 
= 


Vee 


8 Horfe-fhoo bath many ftalks flender and lying ypon the ground : the leaues be rhinne,and 
feffer than thofe of Axfeed : the floures along the ftalks are little :after which come vp long cods 
fomething broad,and a little bowing ; which haue vpon the one fide deepe round and indented 
cuts, like after a fort toan Horfe-fhoo: the root is fomewhat long. 

@ The Places ; 

Thefe plants do grow iu my garden: the fecond kinde J found growing in Suffolke, inthe high- 
way onthe righthand,as you goe from Sudbury to Corner Church, about an hundred paces frona 
the end of the towne,as alfo in fundry other places of she fame countrey ; and in Effex abour Dun- 

Mow, 


a ae 


‘A 


B 


Cc 
D 
E 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


* Dis.2. 


” mow,and in the townes called Clare and Hennyngham. + Alfoit growes by Purfleet, about the 


foot of the hill whereon the. Wind-mill ftands; and in diners parts of Kent. ¢ 
Horfe-fhooe commeth vp in certaine vatilled and funnie places of Italy and Languedocke: it 
groweth likewife in my garden. : 
«| The Time. 
Thefe plants do floure in Iune,and their feed is ripe in Augutt: 
@ The Names, 

The Grecians name this,whether itbea pulfe or an infirmitie among corne, iain: the Latines, 
of the forme of the feed, Securidaca, and Hedyfarum » in Englith , Axfeed, Axwoort, Ax-fitch, and 
Hatchet Fitch : it isvnknowne tothe Apothecaties, 

+ The fecond isthe Feaugrecum fjlueftre of Tragus and Dodoneus : the Gheyrhiza fylucftris of 
Gefner,and the Glaux vulgaris of Lobel. Js 

Horfe-fhooe is commonly called in Italian Sferro de cauallo : you may name it in Latine Ferrum 
equinum : in Englith,Horfe-thooe, 

G] The Temperature. 


The feeds of thefe plants are hot and drie ofcomplexion. 
The Vertues. 
. Being drunke it is acceptable to the ftomacke,and remoueth ftoppings out of the intrailes, and 
of like verrue bethe new Ieaues and tender crops of the whole plant. 
* Diofcorides theweth that it is alfo good for the ftomacke being taken in drink,and is mixed with 
counterpo ifois. "= : By ( f : 
And it isthoughtto hinder conception, ifitbe applied with honie before the act. 
The feed of Axwoort openeth the {toppings of the liuer,the obftruction of the fpleen,and ofall 
the inward parts. : 
Horfe-fhooe is bitter and like in nature to Axfeed. 
{The figore which formerly was in the firft place,agreed with thethird defeription ‘that which was in the fecond place was of the Hedy/arum minus, Of Taber 


montantw,becing a kinde of Ferrum equinum,which carries the cods many together onthe tops ofthe branches,and growes in Germanic: whence Bauhins calls it Fers 
sum equinitm Germanicttm filiquis an (uarnstare. 


Cuar. 519. Of Peafe Earth-Nut. 


q The Defcription. 


I Te Peafe Earth nut,commeth vpwith flender and weake ftalkes:the leaues be thin,and 
little,growing vpon flender ftems with clafping tendrels at the ends,withwhich it im- 
braceth and taketh hold of fich things as ftand neere vnto it:the floures on the tops of the ftalkes 
are like to thofé of Peafe but leftzr,of a red purple colour, in fmell nor vopleafant : in their places 
come yp, long cods,in which are three or foure round feeds:the roots be thicke,long like after a fore 
toacorns, but much greater,blacke without, gray within, in tafte like rothe Cheffe-nur :out of 
which beneath doth hang a long {lender ftring : there grow out of the fame alfo other ftrings, hard 
to the fetting onof the ftalk,vnto which creeping a flope do grow other kernelled roors whilft the 
plant doth thus/multiplie it felfe. 
#2 Thiswaith Thalius inhis Syua Harcynia, fet forth by the name of Aftracalus fyluaticus, was 
by our Authortaken for,and confounded with che Terre glandes and therefore I haue put itwith it, 
that the difference might the better appeate,which is not a little to fitch as heedfully obferue its 
But our Author in this is tobe pardoned, feeing D', Tyrner,a man mote exquifite in the knowledge, 
of plants,and who had feene thetrue Terre glandes in Germany,miftooke this for it, as may appeare 
by that little Tra@ of his of the names of plants in Latine and Englith,fet forth Cano,1 5 4 8;for 
there he faith,f I haye feene this herbe of late in Come parke more aftringent than it of Germany: ] 
and indeed this srowes there,and is much more aftringent and wooddie than that of Germany,and. 
no wife fit to be eaten. The root confifts of many blacke tuberous particles, here and there fending 
forth fibers:from hence arife cornered ftalks fome foot high, {mal below,& fomwhat larger aboue: 
the leaues grow forth of the ftalks,confifting fometimes of two,& otherwhiles of 4 .longifh narrow 
leaves faftned to one footftalk, whichar the fetting on hath two little Jeaues or eares : forth of the 
bofomes of thefe leaues svow ftalks fome tivo inches long,each ofwhich vfually carry a couple of 
Peafe-fathioned floures of a purple colour:which fading, vfually become blew : after thefe follow 
cods, traight,round,and blacke ; and in each of themare common! y contained nine or ten white 


. round 


Lina Of the Hiftroy of Plants. 1239 


ound feeds: it floutes moft part of Summer,and perfects the feed in Iuly and Augutt. ¢ 


1 Terraglandes, t2 Affragalus fyluaticus. 
Peafe Barth-nut. Wood Peafe, or Heath Peafe, 


(eat, etek evos url. 


ani eee qeeeceesarh ew. 


beat 
% 
1 ie 
We | 
hy 
hi it 


G The Place. 

+ 1 This growethin corne fields,both with thecorne it felfe, and alfo about the borders of 
fields among briers and brambles : it is found in divers places of Germany, butnot with ys that I 
can yet learne. 

3 This is found in the woods and paftures of England, efpecially in Hampftead wood fieere 
London: it groweth in Richmond Heath,and in Come parke likewife, 

The Time. 

Itflourech in Lune and Iuly,the nuts after harueft be digged vp and gathered, 

| The Names. 

Itis called inhigh Dutch, €ednufiets : in low Dutch, Gerdnoters, Cerdeeckeles, and Muvten 
met (teerters, that is to fay,tailed Mife,of the fimilitude or likenefle of domefticall mife,which the 
blacke,round,and long nuts,with a piece of the flender ftring hanging out behind,do reprefent:the 
later writers do call icin Latine Terre glandes or Terreffres clandes: and in Greckeyaury@=riy: 5 Chama 
balani : inEnglifh, Peafe Earth nut. 


a The Temperature and Vertues. 

The Nuts of this Peafe being boiled and eaten, arc hardlicr digefted than be either Turneps or A 
Parfneps, yet do they nourith no leffe than the Parfneps : they arenot fo windie as they, they doe 
more flowly paffe through the belly,by reafon of their binding qualitie, and being eaten raw they 
be yet harder of digeftion,and do hardlier and flowlier defcend. ; 

They be of temperature meanly hot,and fomewhat drie,being withall nota littlebinding:wher- B 
upon alfo they do not onely ftay the faxes of the belly,but alfo all iffues ofbloud,efpecially from 
the mother or bladder. 

The root of Peafe Earth-nut ftoppeth the belly,and the inordinate courfe of womens fickneffe. G 


Cuars 


a — en 


1238 Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. Ly rE. 


Crap. 520. Of Milke Vetch. 


, 


© The Kindes, 


"y'Here be diuers forts of herbes contained vnder the title of 4 ftragalus whether I may without 

ese ieionite made in the beginning, infert them among the Legumina, pulfes, or herbie 
4 plants,itisdoubefull : but feeing the matter is difputable,E think itnot amiffe to fuffer them thus 
1a; to pafle,vatill fome other fhall finde a place moreconuenient and agrecing vato them in neigh- 
i bourhood. 


nN Bait G The Defcription. 


4 PHe firltkinde of Aftragalus hath reddith ftalks,a cubit high,a fingerthicke, fomewhat 
crefted or furrowed,and couered ouer with an hairy moffines;which diutde them{elues 
He into fundry fmal branches, befet with leaues confifting of fundry little leaues fer vpon 

a middlerib,like the wilde V etch,placed on the fmall pliant branches like feathers,which are like- 

i wife couered ouerwith a woollic hoarineffe + in tafte aftringent at the firft,but afterwards burnin 
hot: among thefe leaues come forth many fmal! white floures, in fafhion like the floures of Lu- 
pines, which before theiropening feeme to be fomewhat yellow : the root is maruellous great and 


} large, confidering the {malneffe of the plant ; for fometimes it groweth tothe bigneffe ofa mans 


i! arme,keeping the fame bigneffe for the {pace of a fpan in length, and after diuideth it felfe into 
i two or more forks or branches blacke without,and wrinckled,white within,hard and waoddie, and 
i in tafte vnpleafant, which being dried becommeth harder than an horne. 
om | ; 1 Aftragalus Lufitanicus Clufy, 2 UA flragalus Syriacus. 
re Portingale milke Vetch. Affyrian milke Vetch, 
q | | ; 
tl 
| 
7 
; 
| 
‘a i}'y fini 
13 ae 
4 if 
ae 


there 


“Lis. Of the Hiftory of Plants: ; 1239 


thereof, and is garnifhed with a mof thicke and pleafant comlineffe of his deleétablered floures, 
growing vp together in great tufts,which are very feemly to behold. 

3 There hathbeen fomecontrouerfie about this third kinde, which I am not willing to profe- 
gute or enter into : itmay very well be Affragalus of Matthiolus his defcription,or elf{e his Polygala, 
which doth exceeding well refemble the true Aftragalus : his {mall ftalkes grow afoot high, befer 
with leaues like Cicer or Galega,but that they are fomewhat leffer:among which comie forth fmall 
Peafe like floures of an Orange colour,very pleafant in fight:the root is toughand flexible,of a fin- 
ger thicke, 


£4 Affragaloides. 
Baftatd Milke Vetch. 


$3 Aftracalus Matthioli, 
Matthiolus hismilke Vetch. 


The fourth is called of -Mutonus and other learned Herbarifts, 4/fragaloides, for that it re 
fembleth the true 4¢rayalus,which groweth a cubit high,and in fhew refembleth Liquorice : the 
floures grow at the tops of the ftalks,in fhape like the Peafe bloome,of a faire purple colour,which 
turne into fmall blacke cods when they beripe : the root is tough and very long, creeping vpon the 
vpper part of the earthand ofa.wvooddy fubftance. 

The Place. 

They grow amongft ftones, in open places,or as Oriba/ius writeth,in places fubie& to winds,and. 
couered with {now : Diofcorzdes copies do adde,in fhadowie places : it groweth plentifully in Phe- 
neaacitie in Arcadia,as Galen and Pimy report : in Dio(corides his copies there is read, in Memphis 
acitie of Arcadia ; but Memphis isa citie of Egypt, and in Arcadia there is none of that names 
fome of them grow in my garden,and in fundrie other places in Englandwilde ; they grow in the 
medowes neere Cambridge,where the fchollers vfe to {port themfelues : they grow alfo in fundrie 
places of Eflex,as about Dunmow and Clare, and many other places of that countrey. 

+ I thould beglad to know which or how many of thefe our Authour heere affirmes to grow 
wilde.in England ; foras yet I hauenot heard of,nor feene any of them wilde, nor in gardens with 
vs,except the laft deferibed which growes in fome few gardens. $ 


a) The Time. 


They floure in Iuneand Iuly,and their feed is ripe in September. — 
a Tie 


eS 


SPS 


} 
} 


ae 


i SS Pt aa) 


tae 


|240 


, — 


oy Of the Hiftory of Plants. L 13.2. 


q| The Names, : 

Milke Vetch is called of statthiolus, Polyzala, but not properly ; of moft itis called Aftragaluss 

in Spanifh, Garavancillos : inthe Portingales tongue , Alphabeca : in Dutch, Clepne Giceren, 
The Temperature and Vertues, 

Aftragatus,as Galen faith, hath aftringent or binding roots,and therefore it is of the number of 
thofe fimples that are not alittle drying, for it glueth and healeth vp old vicers,and ftaieth the fux 
of the belly,ifthey be boiled in wine and drunke : the fame things alfo touching the vertues of 4. 
ftragalus Diofcorides hath mentioned:the root, faith he, being drunke in wine ftaieth the Jaske, and 
prouoketh vrine, being dried and caft vpon old vicers itcureth them: it likewife procureth great 

B {tore of milke in cattell that do eat thereof, whence it tooke his name. 
It ftoppeth bleeding,but it is with much ado beaten,by reafon of his hardnefle, 


a Se 3 = a == = — 


Cuar. 521. Of Kidney Vetch. 


| The Defcription. 


I K Hey Vetch hath a ftalke of the height ofa cubit,diuiding it felfe into other branches, 

; whereon do grow long Icaues,made of diuers leaues,like thofe of the Lentill,couered as 
it were with a foftwhite downineffe : the floures on the tops of the ftalks ofa yellow colour, verie 
many ioined together,as it were ina {pokie rundle: after which grow vp little coeds, in which is con~ 
tained {mall feed : the root is flender,and ofa wooddie fub ftance. + This is fometimes found with 
white floures : whereupon Tabernamontanus gaue two figures, calling the one Laopodinm flore luteo, 
and the other Lagopodium flo.albo, Our Author vnfitly gauc this later mentioned figure in the chap- - 
ter of Lagopus,by the name of Lagepem maximum, + 


1 Aathyllis Leguminofa, 2 Stella leguminofa. 


dbp chet | Starry Kidney Vetch, 
uate DLip ver ONL OW 
wee attag 


2 The Starry Kidney Vetch, called S¢¢la leguminofa, or according to Cortufus; Aréturo hath 
many 


capemeen ee z 


‘Lin... : Of the Hiftory of Plants. 124i ‘ 


many {mall flexible tough branches, full of fimall knots or knees, from each of which fpringeth 
forth one long {mall winged leafe, like birds foot, but bigger : ftom the bofome of thofe leaties 
come forth little tender ftents, on theends whereofdo grow {mall whitith yellow floures, which 
are very flendet, and foone vaded, like vnto them of Birds-foot:thefe floures turne into {mall 
tharpe pointed cods, ftanding one diftant from another, like the diuifions ofa ilar, or as though it 
Confifted of little hornes; wherein is contained fmall yellowith feeds : the root is tough,and deep- 
ly growing in the ground. 

3 There is another fort of Kidney Vetch called Birds-foot,or Ornithopodium,which hath very 
many {mall and tender branches, trailing here and there clofe vpon the ground, fet full of fiail 
and foft leaues, of awhirith greene, in fhape like the leaues of the wilde Vetch, buta great deale 
leffer, and finer, almott like fmall feathers samongift which the floures doe grow, that are very 
fmall, yellowith, ahd fometimes whitith ; which being vaded there come in place thereof little 
crooked cous, fiue or fix growing together, which in thew and thape are like ynto a fimall birds 
foot, and cach and euery cod refembling a claw ; inwhich are inclofedfmall feed like that of Turs 
neps. ‘ 


4 3 Oruithopodium matus, £ 4 Ornithopodiuwe minus; 
The great Birds-foot, i 


| y, Small Birds-foot, 
ohowt pee tis Cie revpusllus 


¥ 5 Scorpoides Leguminofa, 
Small Horned pulfe. 


4 There is alfoanother kinde of Ornithopedium, or Birds- foot, called {mall B irds-foot, which 
is very likevnto the firft,but that it is much {maller: the branches or {prigs grow not aboue a hand 
or halfean band in length, {preading themfelues vpon the ground with his {mall leaues and bran- 
ches,:n maner of the leffer 4rachus : the floures are like vato thofe of the former,but very fmall, and 
ofated colour, 

¢# .5 This fmal! horned pulfe may fitly here take place: The root thereof confifts of man 
little fibres, from which arife two or three little flender ftraight ftalkes fome handfull and half or 
foot high: at the tops of thefegrow little fharpe pointed crooked hornes, rounder and flenderer 
than thofeof Fenugreeke, turning their ends inwards like the tailes of Scorpions and fo jointed ; 
the floures are {mall and yellow ; the leaues lirtle,and winged like thofe of Birds-foot. Pena and 
Lobel found this amongft the corne in the fields in Narbon inFrance, and they fet it forth by the 
name as I hauchere giuen you it. + 

@ The Place. * ae 

1. 3. 4. Thefe plants I found growing vpon Hampftead Heath neere London, right again 

Mmmmm the 


ee ren ete ae nen 


1242 Of the Hiftory of Plants. “Essapkat 


the towne. ‘ 
q The Time. 


int They floure from Tune to the middle of September. 

if @ The Names. 

£ x This Gefwer calls Vulnerariaruftica: Dodonaus, Lobel,and Clufius, call it Anthyllis,and An- 

lis lecuminofa. 
se: so I ee finde any other name for thefe plants, but Ornithopodium : the firftis called in 
Englith,great Birds-foot ; the fecond {mall Birds-foor. 

at The Nature and Vertues. 

Thefe herbes are not vfed either in meate or medicine, that I know of as yet ; but they are very 

good food for cattel,and procure good ftore of milke,whereupon fome haue taken them for kindes 


of Polyzala. 
Cuar. 522. Of Blacke milke Tare. 
Hi Glaux Diofcoridis. 
Diofcorides his milke Tare. q The Defcription. 


He true Glaux of Diofcorides hath very 
many tough and wooddy branches trai- 
‘ing vpon the ground, fet full of {mall win- 
ged lcaues, in fhape like the common Glaux, 
but a great deale fimaller, refembling the 
Jeaues of Tares,but rather like Birds-foot, of 
a very gray colour : amongft which come 
forth knobby and {caly,or chaifie heads, very 
like the Medow Trefoile,ofa faire fis cO- 
Jour:the root is exceeding long and wooddy, 
which the figure doth not expreffe and fet 
forth. 
gy The Place. 
The true Glavx groweth vpon Barton hill, 
foure miles from Lewton in Bedford fhire, 
vpon both the fides of the declination of the 


hill. 
@ The Time. 
Thefe plants dofloure and flourifh about 
Midfommer: 


| The Names. 

Thefe plants haue in times paft been cal- 
led Glaux,i. folia habens glauca, fiue pallentia ¢ 
that is, hauing skie coloured, or pale leaues. 

Sithens that in times paft,fome haue coun- 


. AR 1 ted Glavx among the kindes of Polygala, or 
Milkewoorts,we may therefore call this kinde.of Glanx, blacke Milke-woort. 


eatin { | The Nature. 

i Thefe herbes are dry in the fecond degree. 

TY | gq The Vertues, 

ie il i A . The feeds of the common G/aux are in vertue like’ the Lentils,but not fo much aftringent : they 
ftop the flux of the belly,dry vp the moifture of the ftomacke, and ingender ftore of milke. 


Out Author eithesnot knowing, or forgetting what he had done,againe in this chapter, deferibed the Glaux Vulearz, whole hiflory he gaue vs bur foure 
& r setting: sagaine y pter, g SerH YAC g: 
chapters before,by thename of Hedy(arum glycyrhiatum 3 wherefere Lhang omitted it mere as not neceflary. 


Cuap. 


Livny 2 Ofthe Hiftroy of Plans. = —ts«i 


Cuar, 523. Of red Fitchling, Meedick Fitchyand Cockes-head: 


@ The Defcription. 


I He fitlt kinde of Onobrychés hath many fall and twiggie pliant branches,ramping and 
ctceping through and about buthes,orwhatfoeuer it groweth neere ynto : the leaves 
and all the reft of the pulfe or plant is very like to the wilde Vetch or Tare:the floures 

grow at the top of {mall naked ftalks, in fhape like the peafe bloome, but of a purple colour layed 
ouer with blew which turne into fmall round prickly husks, that are nothing elfe but the feed. | 


I Onobrychis five Caput Gallinaceum, 2 Onobrychis flore purpureo, 
Medick Fitehling,or Cockes-head. Purple Cockes-head., 


were ES 


y} 
7 7 


wy 


ar 
vee 
2 
1 
i) 
$ i 
oo 
J, 


2 The fecond kind of Fitehling or Cocks-head,of Clufius his'de{cription,hath very many ftalks) 
-efpecially when it is growne toan old plant,tound, hard,and leaning to the ground like the other 
pulfes;and leaues very like Galega,or the wilde Vetch,ofa bitter tafte and lorhfome fauour : among 
which come forth {mall round ftems,at the ends whereof do grow floures {pike fafhion, three in- 
ches long, in fhape like thofe ofthe great Lazopus,or medow Trefoile, but longer, of an excellent 
fhining purple colour,but wirhout {mell :after which there follow {mall coddes,containing little 
hard and blacke feed, in tafte like the Vetch. The root is greatand long,hard,and of a wooddy {ub- 
ftance,{preading it felfe far abroad, and growing very deep intothe ground. 

3 Thethird kinde of Fitchling or Cocks-head hath from a tough fmal and wooddie root,ma- 
hy twiggie branches growing a cubit high, full of knots,ramping and creeping on the ground. The 
leaues are like the former,but {mallerand fhorter: among which come forth {mal tender ftemmes,: 
whereupon do grow little floures like thofe of the Tare,but of a blew colour tending to purple:the 
floures being vaded there come the {mall cods,which containe little blacke feed like'a Kidney, of 
ablacke colour. 

4 The fourth kinde of Fitchling hath firme green hard ftalks a cubitand a halfe high,where- 
upon grow leaues like to the wilde Tare or Galega,but fmaller and fomewhat hairie, bitter and yn- 
pleafant in tafte,and in the end fomewhat fharpe. Arthe cop of the {talks come forth long {piked 

q ath ¥, Mmmmm 2 “i ae ; floures, 


Of the Eiferieiel Plants. Li Bua 


brychis a: Clafy. 4. Onobrychis 3. Clufy florepallido. 
: Blew Medicke ca cate Pale coloured Medicke Fitch. 


£) 


ae “Chul. floures, ofa pale colour, and in fhape like thofe 

a oe athe Medel a of the feopai kinde;which being vaded, there 

ee follow {mall bottle cods, wherein is contained 

littleblacke feed like rhe feed of Fenegreek,but 

fmaller. The root is thicke and hard, and of a 
wooddie fubftance,and lafting very long. 

5 The fifth kinde of oxobrychs hath many 
groffe and wooddie ftalks, proceeding immedi- 
atly froma thick, fat,and flefhie tough roor: the © 
vpper part of which are fmall,round,and pliant, 
garnifhed with little leaues like thofe.of Len- 
tils,or rather Tragacantha,fomewhat foft,and co- 
uered ouer with a woollie hairinefle: amongtft: 
whichcome forth little ong and naked ftems, 
eight or nine inches long, whereon do grow ma-= 
ny {mall floures of the fafhion of the Vetclror 
Lentill,but of a blew colour tending to purple; 
and after them come {mal cods,wherein the feed, 
is contained. 

The Place. 

The firft and fecond grow vpon Barton hill; 
foure miles from Lewton in Bedfordthire, vpon 
both the fides of the hill:and.likewife vpon the 
graffie balks between the lands of corn two miles 
from Cambridge, neere toa water mill towards 
London; & diuers other places by the way from 
London to Cambridge: the reft are ftrangers in 
England. 

@ The Time. 

Thefe plants do flcure in Iuly,8¢their feed is 

ripe fhortly after, = ‘ q] The 


ace. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. i245 


@| The Names. 

It is évyor, or without aname among the laterwriters : the old and antient Phy fitions do callit 
sn¢eo,ée: for all thofe things thatare found written in Diofcorides or Pliny concerming Ow0l-ychis, doc 
efpecially agree hereunto. Déofiorides writeth thus ; Ovobrychis hath leaues like a Lent ! 
ger;a ftalk a {pan high, a crimfon floure;a little root: it groweth in moiftand vati Hed p 
Pliny in like manner ; Onobrychvs hath the leaues ofa Lentill ,fomwhat longer, a red floure, a final] 
and flender root:it groweth about {prings or fountaines of water, ea “an 

Allwhich things and cuery particular are in this drier, or nameleffe herbe, as itis manifeft ; 
and therefore it is not to be doubted atall,but thatthe fame is the Onobrychis of the old W rirers:it 
may be called in Englith red Fetchling,oras fome f{uppofe Medick Fitch,or Cockes-head, 

‘ The Temperature. 

Thefe herbs as Galen hath written in his books of the Faculties of fimple Medicines, do rarific 

or make thin and wafte away. 


@ The Vertues. 

Therefore the leaues thereof when it is greene,being but as yet layed vpon hard fwellings, wax- 
en kernals,in manner ofa falue, do wafte and confume them away, but beeing dried and drunke in 
wine they cure the ftrangurie,and laied on with oile it procureth fweat. 

Which things alfo concerning Onobrychis, Dicfiorides hath in thefe words fet downe : the herbe 
ftamped and applied wafteth away hard fvellings ofthe kernels ; but beeing drunkewith wine it 
helpeth the ftranguric,and tubbed on with oile it caufeth fweatings. 


Crap. 524. Of Baflard Dittanie. 


Fraxinella. | The Defiription. 
Baftard Dittanie. 


Aftard Dittanie isa very rare and gallant 
plant,hauing many browne ftalks,fomwhat 
rough, diuided into fundry fmall branches, 
garnifhed with leaues like Liquorice .or rather 
likethe leaues of the A th tree,but blacker,thic- 
ker,and more ful ofiuice,ofan vnpleafant fauor: 
among which grow floures, confifting of fiue 
whitifh leaves fttipped with red, whereof one 
which groweth vndermoft hangeth downe low; 
but the four which grow vppermoft grow more 
ftiffe and vpright:out of the midft of this floure 
commeth forth a tafféll, which is likea beard, 
hanging alfo downwards, and fomewhat turning 
vp atthe lowerénd: which beeing vaded, there 
come in place foure huskes ioined together, 
much like the husks or coddes of Columbines, 
fomewhat rough without, flimie to handle, and 
ofa lothfome fauout,almoft like the {mellof a 
goat,whereupon fome Herbarifts haue called it 
Tragivm:in the cods are contained {mall black 
fhining feeds like Peonie feeds incolour: the 
roots are white,a finger thicke, one twifting or 
knotting within another,in taft fomwhat bitter, 
There is another kinde hereof growing in my 
garden, not very much differing: the leaues of 
the one are greater,greener,harder, and tharper 
pointed : of the other blacker,not fo hard,nor fo 
fharpe pointed: the floures alfo hereofbe fom- 
thing more bright coloured,and of the other « 
little redder. 
@ The Plact. 
Baftard Dittany groweth wilde in themonntaines of Italy and Germanic, and I hauc it grow 
ing in my garden, 


Mmmmm 3 a The 


B 


Of the | iftory o} 


Bhaeh-  E iieual 


G The Time, 

reth in Iuneand Inly : the feed is ripe in the end of Auguft. 
q The Names. 

The Jacer Herbarifts name it Fraxivella: mofk, ,aununo as though they fhould fay Humilis Fraxi- 


Va aus or alow Afh: in Englith,baftar falfe Dittanie:the fhops call it Dictamunm,and D iptaraun, 
nat but not tuly,and vfe oftentimes the roots hereof in ftead of theright Dittanie. That itis nor the 
Wand ht Dittanic it is berterknow necdfull atalltobeconfuted , and.it is ascuident tbat the 
eis not Diofcorides his Pf wum , or baftard Dittanie: but itis plaine to bea kinde of 

um of the old Writers. it feemeth toagree in fhew,but not in fubftance, 
ile The root of this is of fhops,and there knowne by thename of Radix Diptamni jor 


Ditlamni.$ 


G The T emperatiyes 


Val The root ofbaftard Dire: and dry inthe fecond degreee,it is ofa wafting attenuating, 
4h i Fe ] Oo c 
f and opening facultie 


| The Vertues. 


pal A  Itbringeth downe th fo bringeth away the birth and after birch; it helpeth cold dif- 
he ah eales of rhe matrix :and it J to begood for thofe that haue ill flomackes and are {hort 
i winded. ud, q 
i B They alfo fay,that it is pro -againft the ftingings and bitings of venomous ferpents.againit 


deadly poifons, againft conta; 
Fale with counterpoifons. 
C The feed of Baftard Dirtanie ta 
uoketh vrine,breaketh the fone int adder,and drineth it forth, 
‘ D . The like vertue hath the !eaues anc iuice taken after the fame fort , and being applied outward- 
ly,it draweth thornes and {plinters out of t 
* The root takenwith a ict! 


and peftilent difeafes, and that it is with good fuccefle mixed 


the quantitie of adram is goodagainft the ftrangury,pro- 


he flefh. 

‘ubarb killeth and driueth forth wormes. 

EF  Diofcorides reporteth,that the wilde Goats being ftricken with darts or arrowes, willeat Didfam, 
and thereby caufe them to fall out of their bodies ,which is meant of the right Dicfam, though Do- 
doneus reporteth that this plant will co the like(which I do notbeleeue) + nor Dodoxens affirme. $ 


4 | = 7 a lg ee ae ge = rere 
| Cuar. 525. Of Land (altrops. 


Tribulus terreftris, 


Land Caltrops. 


And Caltrops hath Jong branches full of 

ioints,{pted abroad vpon the ground, gar- 

nifhed with many leaues fet vpon a mid- 
dle rib, after the manner of Fetches ; among ft 
which grow little yellow branches, confifting 
of fiue {mal leaues, like ynto the floures of Tor- 
mentill: I neuer faw the plant beare yellow, 
but white floures,agreeing with. the deferipti- 
on of Dodeneus in cach refpee, faue in the co- 
lour of the floures,which doe turne into {mall 
{quare fruit,rough,and full of prickles,wherein 
is a {mall kernel] or feed : the root is white,and 
full of ftrings. 


1 


@ The Place, 

It groweth plentifully in Spain in the fields: 
itis hurtful to corne,but yer as vy faith,it is 
rather tobe accounted among the difeafes of 
corne,than among the plagues of the earth:ir is 
alfo found in moft places of Italy & France ; I 
found it growing in a moift medow adioyning 


dD nae 
to thewood or Park of Sir Francis Carew, neere 


Croidon,not far from London , and not ¢ 
where ; fromwhence I brought plants for my 
garden, 


1B. 2. 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. | 1247 


oe 
| q The Time. 

Irfloureth in Tune and July ; the fruit is ripe in Anguft. 

q The Names. 

It is called in Grecke recs + and in Latine Tribulzs-and that it may differ from the other wh 
groweth inthe water, it is named seisenesernifis, OF Tribulus terreftris : it may be called in Enelith land 
Caltrops, of the likeneflewhich the fruit hath with Caltrops, that are inftruments of Weare 
fh in the way to annoy the feet of the Enemies horfes , as.is before remembred in the Water Sa- 

igot. 


ich 


a] The Temperature andV crtues. 


_ Inthis land Caltrop there is an earthy and cold qualitie abounding, which is alfo binding, as A 
Galen faith. : 
_ The fruit thereof being drunke wateth away ftones in the kidneyes, by reafon that it isof thin B 
parts. 
Land Caltrops,faich Diofcorides, being drunke to the quantitie of a French crowne weight,and C 
fo applied, cureth the bitings of the Vipe: 
And if it be drunke in wine it isa re again{t poyfons : the decoétion thereof {princkled p 
about killeth fleas. Ate 


¢€Cuar.526. Of Spring or mountaine Peafe.or Vetches. 


£1 Orobus Penctus. £ 2 Orobus {yluaticus vernus, 
Venice Peafe. Spring Peafe, 


SM * 


q The Defcription. 


$ 1 His, which Clufivs calls Crobus Kenetus, hath many cernered ftalkes fome foor long, 
whereon grow winged leaues, foure or fix faftned to one rib, ftanding by couples 

one againft another,without any oddeleafe at the end : thefe leanes are ofan indifferent largeneffe. 
te) B) d re) bf 
and 


248 


~ Ofthe Hiftorie of Plant. == Lr, 


and ofa light greene colour : the floures grow vpon long foot-ftalks comming forth ofthe bofoms 
of the leaues, many together, hanging downe,{mall, yet fhaped like thofe of other Pulfes, and of a 
purple colour: after thefe follow cods almott like thofe of Fetches, Ba Ces red when pe) be 
ripe, and containing in them a longifh white feed : the root is hard and wooddy, tunning iuers 
wayes with many fibres,and liuing {undry yeares : this varies fomtimes with yellower grecn leanes 
and white floures. It floures in May, and growes onely in fome few gardens with vs. | 

2 The ftalkes of this alfo are a foot or more high, ftiffe, cornered, and grcen; onthefedo grow 
winged leaues fix or eighton a rib, after the manner of thofe of the laft defcribed : each of thefe 
feaues hath three veines running alongft it: the floures in fhape and manner of growing are ike 
thofe of the former, but of a moft clegant purple colour : which fading, they become blew. The 
floures are fuccceded by fuch cods as the former, wherein are contained longifh {mall variegated 
feed :which ripe, the cods fly open, and twine themfelues round, as in moft plants of this kinde: 
the root is blacke, hard, tuberous and wooddy, fending forth each yeare new fhouts. This floures 
in April and May,and ripeneth the feed inIune. This wasfound by Cl/ufius in diuers mountainous 
wooddie places of Hungarie : he calls it orobus Pannonicus x. 


+ 3 Orobus montanus flo. albo. + 4 Orobus montanus anguftifolins. 
White mountaine Peafe. Narrow leafed mountaine Peafe. 


3 _Thishath ftalkes fome cubit high, ftiffe 


straight, and crefted ; whereon by turnes are faft- 
ned winged leaues, confifting of foure fufficiently large and fharpe pointed leaues, whereto fome- 
times at the very end growes a fifth : the veines in thefe run from the middle rib towards their ed- 
ges: their tafte is firt (omewhat fourith, afterwards bitterith. The floures grow vpon fhort ftalks 
comming forth of the bofomes of the leaues, fiue or fix together, like thofe of the Fetch , but of 


colour white, with fome little yellowneffe on the two little leaues that turne \ pwards. The cods 
are like thofe of the | 


: aft defcribed, and containe in them a brownifh feed, larger than in any of the 
otherkindes. This is an annual! plant, and perithes as fooneas it hath perfected the feed. Clufius 


giues vs this by the name of orobus Panupnicus 4. Dodoneus giues the fame figure for his CArachus 
latifolius : and Bawhine affirmes this to be the Galega montana, inthe Hift. Lugd. pag 1139, But thefe 
feeme tobe of two feuerall plants ; for Dodoneus affirmes his to haue a lining root, and fuch feemes 


alfo that inthe Hit, Lugd, tobe: yet C/ufins faith expreffely that his is an annualf. and floureth in 


Aprill 


Lip. 2 Of the Hiftroy of Plants. 1249 


Aprilland May, and groweth in fome wooddy mountainous places of the kingdom of Hingarie: 

4. This fourth hath ftraight firme cornered ftalkes {ome foot or more high, whereupon grow 
leaues viually foure ona foot-ftalke; ftanding two againft two, vpright, being commonly almoft 
three inches long, at firft ofa fourith tafte, but afterwards bitter : ic hath no clauicles,becaufe the 
ftalkes need no {upporters: the floures grow vpon long foot-ftalkes, fpike-fafhion like thofe of 
Peafe, but leffe,and white of colour: after thefe follow long blackith cods; full of a blacke or elfe 
fpotted feed : the roots are about the length of ones litcle finger, fafhioned like thofe of the Afpho- 
dill or leffer female Peionie, but leffer, blacke without, and whitewithin. Cl/ufivs found this on 
the mountainous places nigh the baths of Baden, and inthe like places in Hungarie:he calls ir 
Orobus Pannonicus 3. 

| The Temperature and Vertues. 

Thefe are not knowne nor vied in phyficke ; yet ifthe third be the Gale¢a méntana of the Hi/foria 
Lued. then it is there faid tobe effe Auall againft poyfon; the wormes,the falling fickneffe, and the 
Plague, ¢ 


POh ie 5273 Of fome other Pulfes. 


£ 1 Ochrus, fine Ervilia; £2 Ervum filucftre. 
Birds Peale. Crimfon grafle Fetch: 


SLE (rok . 


| The Defiriptisn. 


ay ull TH firft of thefe hath cornered broad ftalks like thofe of euerlafting Peafe,and they 

are weake, and commonly li¢ vpon the ground,vnleffe they haue fomething to fup- 

ort them’: the lower leaues are broad, and commionly welt the ftalke at their fetting on,and at the 

end of the firft leafe do vfually grow out after an ynuftiall manner, two, three, or more other prety 

large leaues more long than broad, and the middle rib ofthe firft leafe runnes out beyond the fet- 
ting on of the higheft of the out-growing leaues,and then it ends in two orthtee clafping tendrels. - 
Thofe leaues that grow the lowelt vpon the ftalkey have commonly the feweft comming ae of 

3 GATTO NT Ge eat i +e = them, 


1250 | Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li .s.2. 


them. The floures are like thofe of other Pulfes, of colour white : the cods are fome inch and halfe: 
long, containing fome halfe dozen darke yellow or blackith {mall Peafe : thefe cods grow one at 
a ioynt, on fhort foot-ftalkes comming forth of the bofomes of the leaues, and are welted on their 
broader fide,which ftands towards the masne ftalke. This growes with ys only in gardens, Dodo- 
nas ,Penaand Lobel call it Ochrus [ylueftris, fine Ervilia, ; ett 
2 The ftalkes of this grow vp fometimes a cubit high, being very flender, diuided into bran- 
ches, and fet vnorderly with many graffe-like long narrow leaues :on the tops of the ftalkes and 
branches, vpon pretty long foot-ftalkes grow pretty peafe-fafhioned floures of a faire and pleafant 
crimfon colour :which fallen, there follow cods, long, fmall, and round, wherein are nine, ten, or 
more round hard blacke fhining graines : the root is {mall,with diuers fibres, but whether it die 
when the feed is perfected, or no, as yet I haue not obfcrued. This growes wilde in many places 
with vs, as in the pafture and medow grounds about Pancridge Church. Lobeland Dodon.call this 
Eroum (jlueftve , and they both partly iudge it tobe the firft Catanance of Diofcorides , and by that 
name itis vfually called. It floures in Iune and July, and the feed is ripe in Augutt. ae 
3 Thisalfo, though it be not frequently found, is no ftranger with vs ; for I haue found it in 
the corne fields about Dartford in Kent and fome other places. It hath long flender ioynted-cree- 
ping ftalkes, diuided into fundry branches, whereon ftand pretty greengthree cornered leaues two 
at a loynt, in fhape and bigneflé like thofe of the leffer Binde-weed. Outof the bofomes of thefe 
Jeaues ateach ioynt comes aclafping tendrel, 
and commonly together with it a foot-ftalke 


$3. UAphaca. fome inch or more long, bearing a pretty little 
0 gee yellow Petch. peafe-fathioned yellow floure;which is furecee- 
toy ual —Afahoxor. ded by a fhort flattifh cod containing fix or fe- 


uen little feeds. This floures in Tutte, luly,and 
Augutt, and foripens the feed. It isby Lobel 
and others thought to be the U4phace of Dio- 
feorides, Galen,and Pliny : and the Pitine of Theo 
Phraftus, by Aneuillara, 


I finde mention in Stowes Chronicle,in Anno: 
1555,0facertaine Pulfe or Peafe,as they term 
it, wherewith the poore people at that time, 
there being a great dearth, were miraculoufly 
helped : he thus mentions it ; Inthe moneth of 
Auguft (faith he)in Suffolke, ata placeby the 
fea fideallof hard ftone and pibble, called’ in 
thofe parts a fhelfe, lying betweene the townes 
of Orford and A Idborough,whereneither grew 
graffe, nor any earth was euer feene ;it chanced 
in this barren place fuddenly to {pring vp with- 
out any tillage or fowing, great aboundance of 
Peafon, whereof the poore gathered (as meh 
iudged) aboue an hundred quarters, yet remai- 
ned fome ripe and fome bloffoming,as many as 
cuer there were before: to the which place rode 
the Bifhop of Norwich and the Lerd Willough- 
6y, with others in great number,who found no- 


thing but hard rockie ftone the {pace of three 

s E 

i £)) yards vader the roots of thefe Peafon : which 

i ' wie LING Toots were great and long,and very fweet. 

$Y ai j SI. fires _ Gefner alfo,de Aquatilibus,lib. 4.pag.256.ma- 
ih i} king mention, out of D',Cajus his letters,of the 
{ i | il {potted Englith Whale, taken about that time 

i { a t 


anda ih aN } at Lin in Norfolke,alfo thus mentions thofe 
tes j \ ORs mv peafe : Pifa (faith he) in Littore noftro Britannico quod Oriextem fpectat,certo quodam in loco Suffolcie,inter 
A | partir Alburnur > Ortfordinm oppida, [axis infidentia (mirabile ditty ) nulla terra cixcumfufa, autumuali tem- 
j : pore Anno 1555, (ponte natafunt, adeo magna copia, vt fufficerent vel millibus hominum.-‘Thele Peafe, 
; Ne which by their great encreafe did {uch good to the poore that yeare,without doubt grew there for 
j | many yeares before, but were not obferued till [ Macifter artis,ingenique largitor Venter 

' 


ee 


hunger made them take notice ofthem,and quickned their inuention , which commonly in our 
people is very, dull, efpecially in finding out food of this nature, 
I fechas} ; My 


~ Linea. ; ~ Of the Hiftory of Plants: eae 


My Worfhipfull friend D™. c4 rgent hath told me, that many yeares ago he was in this place, 
and caufed his man to pull away the beach with his hands, and follow the roots fo long, vneill hee 
got {ome equall in length vnto his height, yet could come to no ends ofthem: hee brought thefe 


vp with him to London, and gaue them to D', Lobel, whowas then liuing ; and hecaufed them ta 


t o . . . . 
be drawne, purpofing to fet them forth in that Worke which he intended to haue publifhed, if 


God had {pared him longer life. Now whether thefe Peafe be truly fo calied,and be the fame with 
the Pifim [iluefire Perenise, or different ; or whether they be rather of the ftocke of the Lathyrus ma- 
jor, or of fome other Pulfe here formerly defcribed, I canaffiirme nothing of certaintie, becaufe I 
haue feene rio part of them, nor could gather by any that had, any certaintie of their fhape or fi- 
gure: yet would I not paffe chem ouer in filence,for that I hope this may come to be read by fome 
who live thereabout, that may by fending me the things themfelues, give me certaine knowledge 
of them ; that fo [ may be made able, as Tam alwaies willing, to impart it to others. 


. a] The Temperature and Vertues. 


have not have not found any thing written ofthe faculties ofthe two firft; but of Aphace,Galen A 
faith it bach anaftringent facultic likeas the Lentill, and alfo is vfed tobe eaten like as it, yet it is 
harder of concoétion, but it dries more powerfully, and heates moderately. The feeds (faith hee) 

_hauean aftringent facultie; wherefore patched, broken, and boyled, they ftay fluxes of the belly. 
We know (faith Dodoneus) by cextaine experience; that the Aphace here defcribed hath this aftrin- 


gent force and facultie. = 


Cuar. 528. Of baflard Rubarb. 


3 Thilietyum, (we T halictrum mains. = Thalidtrum minus. 
Gteat baftard Rubarb. Small ba&ard Rubatb. 


ai ies rurSs 
aiken ee ch WANA prrrne Sy 


@ The Defeription. 


I Te great Thalietrum or baftard Rubarb hath large leaues parted or diuided into diuers 
other {mall leaves, (omewhat {nipt about the edges, ofa blacke or darke green coless 3 
; ; the 


eae pai ac tactae 


f 


re 
Hi, 
ih 


ee 


1252 Of the Hiftory of Plants, Lis. 2. 

~ the ftalkes are crefted or freaked, ofa purple colour, growing to the height of twocubits: at the 
top whereof grow many {mall and hairy white floures, and after them come {mall narrow huskes 
like little cods, foure or fiue growing together : the root is yellow, long, round, and knotty, di. 
fperfing it felfe far abroad on the vpper cruft of the earth, pi 

2 The fmall baftard Rubarb is very like vnto the precedent, but that it is altogether leffers 
his ftalkes area {pan ora foot long: his leaues be thin and tender ; the root fine and flender : the 
little floures grow together in fmall bundles or tufts, of a light yellow colour, almoft white, and 
are ofa grienous fauour. oh, : 

# 3 There iskeptin fome gardens a plant of this kinde growing vp with large ftalkes to the 
height of three cubits : the leaues are very like thofe of Columbines: the floures are made of ma~ 
ny white threds : it floures in Iune,and is called Thaliétrum maius Hifpanicum, Great Spanith Ba- 
ftardRubarb. + 


@ The Place. ; 
Thefe Plants doe growalongftthe Ditch fides leading from Kentith ftreetvnto Saint Tho- 
mas a-Waterings (the place of Execution) on the righthand. They grow alfo vpon the bankes 
of the Thames, leading from Blacke-wall to Woolwich, neere London,andin fundry other pla- 
ces alfo. 
| The Time. 


The floure for the moft part in Iuly and Augutt. 
q The Names. 


Diuers of the later Herbarifts do call it Pigamum,as though it werenieo, that is, Rue; where- 
upon moft call it Ruta palu/Pris, or Fen Rue: others, Pfeudo_Rhabarbarum, and Rhabarbarum Monacho- 
vum,by reafon of the yellow colour of the root. But neither of their iudgements is greatly tobe 
efteemed of : they iudge better that would haue it to be Thalictrum, which Diofcorides defcribeth 
to haue leaues fomething flatter than thofe of Coriander ; and the ftalke like that of Rue, vpon 
which the leaues doe grow. Penacalleth it Thalictrum, Thalidtrum,and Ruta pratenfis : in Englith, 
baftard Rubarb, or Englifh Rubarb :which names are taken of the colour, and tafte of the roots, 


G The Temperature. 
Thefe herbes are hot and dry of complexion, 


@ The Fertues, 


A The leaues of baftard Rubarb with other pot-herbes do fomewhat moue the belly. 
B The deco@tion of the root doth more effe ually, 


C _Diofcorides faith that the leaues being ftamped do perfectly cure old'vicers. Galen addeth;that 
they dry without biting, 


Cuar. 529. Of Goats Rue, 


@ TheD efcription. 


Cdlega or Goats Rue hath round hard ftalkes two cubits or 
difplayed or winged abroad ; cuerie leafe confi fting of fundri 
cr rib, refembling the leaues of the field Vetch 
floures grow at the top of the ftalke, cluftering together afte 
light skie colour , 
day |h aR | foot 1s great, thick 


more high, fet full of leaues 
e {mall leaues fetvpon a flen- 
or ‘Tare, bur greater and longer. The 


} tthe manner of thewilde Vetch, of a 
which turne into long cods fmall and round wherein the feed is contained. The 
e, and of a white colour, 


@ The Place. 


lit | Itgroweth Plentifully in Italy cucry where in fat grounds and by riuers fides : it groweth like- 
TA a wife in my garden, 
ri : ; | The Time, 
fot i It floureth in luly and Auguft, 


a The Names, 
Ruta Capraria: divers hame it corruptly Grasgea + Hieronymus 
Fracafloriue 


The Italians call it Galega, and 


Lss.2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1253 
fl Galega fos Fracafforius calleth it Herba Galleca - the He. 
Goats Rue. trufcians, Lawanefe, and it is alfo called b 


diuers other names in fundry places of Italy, 


} ey) as Gefner faith,as are Caftracane,Lauanna.Tho.. 
\ — | WY N : ie é > ae 
SS ) peaN\\ i m rina,OY T aurina,Martanica,s. arractna,C apragina, 
‘ Up, \ Herbanefa, Fanum grecum [yluefive,and as Bra- 
\ \\ KM a Sauolus witnefleth, Giarga.It is named in Eng- 
Craw lith, Italian Fitch,and Goats Rue. 
Yas : 
ss VL bap) 


Some iudge thatthe old Phyfitions were 
wont tocall it Onobrychis:others, Glauce:di- 
uers would haue it to be Polemonium, but nor 
fo much Petr. Cand, Matthiolus in his.com. 
mentaries, as euery one of the defcriptions 
mentioned by Diofcorides do gainfay them ; 
asalfothofe, whothinke that Galega, is Poly- 
galon,& that the name of Galega came of Poly. 
galon, thevery defcription alfo of Polygalon is 
againft them : for Galega is higher and grea- 
ter than that it may be calleda little fhrub 
onely of an hand bredth high, 

ay The Temperature. 

This plant is ina meane temperature be- 
tweene hot and cold. 

) The Vertues. 

Goats Rue isa fingular herbe againft al] 
venome and poifon, and againtt wormes, to 
kill and driue them forth, if the juice be gi. 


\ 
) 


A ie uen to little children to drinke. 
fa. aad _It is of like vertue if it be fiyed with 
RSE Linefeed oyle,and bound vpon the childes 
Nnauell. ; 
It is miniftred vnto children which are poffeffed with the falling euill, a {poonefull eulery mor- 


ning in milke. ; ete ays i : 

Being boiled in vineger, and drunke witha little Treacle, it 1s very good againft the infeGion 
of the plague, efpecially ifthe medicine be taken within twelue houres. 

The herbe it {elfe is eaten, being boiled with fleth,as we vie to eate Cabbage and other woorts, 
and likewife in fallades,with oile,vineger and pepper,’as we doeate boiled Spinage, and fuch like; 
Which is moft excellent being foeaten, againftall poifon and peftilence, or any venomous infir- 
mitie whatfoeuer, and procureth fweat, 

It alfohelpeth the bitings and ftingings of venomous beafts, if either the juice.or the herbe 
ftamped be laid vpon the wound. 

Halfe an ounceof the juice inwardly taken is reported to helpe thofe that are troubled with 
convulfions, crampes, and all other the difeafes aforefaid. 

The feedes do feed pullen exceedingly, and caufe them to yeeld greater flore of egs than or- 
dinary. 

Hog "The juice of the Ieaues, or the Jeaues themfelues bruifed and applied’ to any part {wollen 
by the fting of a bee or wafpe, mitigate the paine, and are a prefent remedy,as M".Cannon aloucr 
of Plants, and frind of mine, hath affied me he hath {een by frequent experience, + 


_aale 5302. Of Pliny his Leadwoot. 


© The Defiription, 


Entaria or Dentillaria hath offended in the fuperlatiue degree, in that hehath hid himfelfe 
D like arunnagate fouldier, when the affault thould haue been giuen to the plant Lepidinwa, 
whereof doubtleffe itisakinde, But if the faultbe mine, as without queftion it is, I craue 
pardon for the ouerfight, and do intreate thee gentle reader to cenfure me with fauour, whereby 
I'may more boldly infert it in this place, rather than to leaue it vatouched, The learned of Nar- 
bone(cfpecially rondeletiws)baue not without good caufe accounted this goodly plant fora kinde 
: Spee 5 BORO Fe OS <a 


PS cep OER SE Es 


at es 


an 


ead iter ote 


re 


~ OF the Hiftory of Plants: 


1254 Lis. 2 


al thereof,becaufe the whole plant is of a bitin 

elt ie : tafte, and a burning faculty, and that in fich 
extremity , that it will raife blifters ypon a 
mans hand: for which caufe fome of the lear- 
ned fore haue accounted it Plinies Molybdana, 
or Aigineta his Leprdinm : butthe new Herba- 
rifts call it Dentaria, or Dentillaria Rondelery, 
who made the like vfe hereof,as he did of Py- 
vethrum,& fach burning plants,to appeafe the 
immoderate pain of the tooth-ache and fuch 
like. This plant hath great thicke tough 
roots, of a wooddy fubftance, from whence 
{pring vp long and tough ftalkes two cubits 

' high, confufedly garnithed and befet with 

k long leaues,in colour like WVoad,ofa fharpe 
and biting tafte. The floures grow at the top 
of the ftalkes ofa purple colour ; which being 
pait, there fuceeed clofe gliftering and hairy 
huskes, wherein is contained {mall blackifh 
feed. q The Place. 

Pena reporteth that Dentillaria groweth a- 
bout Rome,nigh the hedges and corne fields: 
it likewife groweth in my Garden in great 
plenty. 


a 
t 

| 

rai 


@ The Time, 
Itfloureth in Iuly and Auguft, 
@ The Names, 
Leadwoort is called Molybdena, Plumbago 
Pliny, & Dentillaria Rondel ety: in Italian, Cre- 
panclla, the Romanes,Herba S, Antong : in Ily- 
Tia, Cucurida: in Englith, Leadwoort. 
q] The Temperature. 
Dentillaria is ofa caufticke quality. 
| The Vertues, 
A Ithelpeth the tooth-ache, and that as fome fay ifit be holden in the hand fome finall while. 


| a) Cuar. 531. Of Rue,orherbe Grace, 


| The Defcription. 


Pay z Arden Rue or planted Rue, is a fhrub full of branches, now and then a yard high, or . 
higher: the ftalkes whereof are covered witha whitifh barke, the branches are more 
green:the leaues hereof confift ofdiuers parts,and be dinided into wings,about which 
i are certaine little ones, of an odde number, fomething broad, more long thanround, fmooth and. 
q fomewhat fat,of a gray colour,or greenifh blew : the floures inthe top of the branches are of a pale 
| yellow, confifting of foure little leaues, fomething hollow : in the middle of which ftandeth vp a 
little head or button foure {quare, feldome fiue {quate, containing as many little coffers as ithath 

fy corners, being compaffed about with diuers little yellow threds:out of which hang pretie fine tips 

. } 

| 


of one colour ; the feed groweth in the little coffers : the root is wooddy, and faftned with many 
ftrings : this Rue hath a very ftrong and ranke fmelljand a biting tafte. 
Ait 2 The fecond being the wilde or mountaine Rue, called Ruta (ylueftris, is very like to garden 
Dy ; Ne Rue, in fta ikes,leaues, floures, feed,colour,tafte,and fauour, fauing that euery little leafe hath final- 
18) i iH ler cuts, and is much narrower : the whole plant dieth at the‘approch of winter,being an annualt 
; plant,and muft cither ftand till irdo fow himfelfe,or elfe muft be fowne of others, + This fecond 
1/1 isa variety of the garden Rue differing from the former Onely in fmallneffe. + : 
wy This Plant is likewife awilde kinde of Rue,and of all the reft the {malleft, and yet more vi- 
itl i tulent,biting, and ftinking than any of the reft: the whole plant is of a whitith pale greene, agree- 
vee ing with the laft before mentioned in each refpeét, fale in greatneffe, and in that the venomous 
a j fumes or vapors that come from this fmall wilde Rue are more noifome and hurtfull than the for- 
met. The leaues lie {pred vpon the ground, & are very finely cut and diuided:the whole plant is of 


fuch 


| Lis. 2 Of the Hiftorie ef Plants. 2 ss | 


1 Ruta hortenfis, 3 Rutafyluclris minima, 


Garden Rue, The f{malleft wilde Rue. 


ns oN De 
3 WAS Le A ite 


oe 


SEAT La AES 
eee 


ey 


ie 
| 
| 
1 
tv 
4 
H | 


(eS Be TSS 


@ Rata montana, a. 5 Harmala. 
Mountaine Rue; 


& wh < < 9 


Nnonna 2 


a 


1256 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. La per. 
- £6 Biaatiplion, eh fuchacrimonie, that :Clufigs faith he bath oft. 
Dogs Rue. ner than once obferued it to pierce throueh 


randowne. + 

4 There isanother wilde Rue growing vp- 
on the mountaines of Sauoy and other places 
adioyning, hauing a great thicke root, from 
which do arife great {hoots or ftalkes ; wheron 
do grow leaues very thicke and fat, parted into 
diuers longith feétions, otherwife refembling 
the leaues of the firft deferibed,of a ftrong and 
ftinking {mell : the floures grow on the tops of 
the ftalkes , confifting of foure finall yellow 
leaues : the feeds are like the other. 

5  Harmel is one of thewilde Rues:it brin- 
geth forth immediatly from the root diuers lit- 
anit tle ftalks of a cubit high; whereupon do grow 
: sipenpui™ greene leaues diuerfly cut into long pieces,lon- 

; ger and narrower than thofe of the wild {trong 

{melling Rue : the floures be white, compofed 

ee of fiue white leaues : the fruit is three fquare, 

bigger than that of the planted Rue,in which 

the feed lieth : the root is thick, long,and blae- 
kifh: this Rue inhot countries hatha maruellous ftrong fmell , in cold Countries not fo: 

¢ 6 This,which Marthiolus gauc for Sideritis 2. and Lobel, Clufius, andothers fot Reta canina, 
hath many twiggy branches fome cubit and halfe high ; whereon grow leaues refembling thofe of 
the Papauer Rheas or -Argemone, leffer, thicker,and of a blackith greene : the floures are of a whi- 
tith purple colour, fafhioned fomewhat like thofe of Astirrhinum : the feed is {malJ,and éontained 
in fuch veffels as thofe of Rue,or rather thofe of Blattaria. Thewhole plant is of a {trong and vn- 
gratefull {mell : it growes inthe hot and dry places about Narbon in France, Rauenna and Rome 
inItaly. + ’ 


gy The Place. 

Garden Ruc ioyeth in funny and open places: it profpereth in rough and brickie ground, and 
among afhes : it cannot in no wife away with dung. : 

The wilde are found on mountaines in hot countries, as in Cappadocia, Galatia, and indiuers 
prouinces of Italy and Spaine, and onthe hills of Lancafhireand Yorke. _ : 

Pliny faith that there is fuch friendfhip betweene it and the fig tree, that it profpers no where 
fo wellas vnder the fig tree. The beft for phyficks vfe is that which groweth vnder the fig tree, as 
Diofcorides faith: the caufe is alledged by Plutarch in the firft booke of his Sympojiacks or Feafts, for 
he faith it becommeth more fiveet and milde in tafte, by reafon it taketh as it were fome part of 
the fweetnes of the fig tree, whereby the ouer rancke quality of the Rue is allayd ; vnlefle it be that 
the fig tree whileft it draweth nourifhment vnto it felfe,it likewife draweth away the rancknefle of 
the Rue. 

| The Time. 
They floure in thefe cold countries in Iuly and Auguft ; in other countries fooner, 
q The Names. 

The firft, which is Hortenfis Ryta, garden Rue: in high-Dutch, Rauter : in low-Dutch,Rutite: 
the Italians and Apothecaries keepe the Latine name: in’ Spanith, drada : in French, Rue de Jardin: 
in Englith, Rue, and Herbe-Grace. 

Wilde Rue is called in Greeke mijar, Peganon : in Latine, Rutafylueftris, or wilde Rue : in Gala- 
tia and Cappadocia, wun: of diuers, Harmala : of the Arabians, Harmel - of the Syrians,Be/ara._ 

The Temperature. 

Rue is hot and dry in the later end of the third deggee , and wild Rue in the fourth: it is of hee 

and 


Lig. 23 Of the Hiftory of Plants: 1257 
and fubtill pares :itwafts and confumes winde,it eutteth and digefteth groffe and tough humors, 
q TheVertues, 

Rue or Herbe- Grace prouokes vrine, brings downe the ficknes, expels the dead child and after- 
birth,being inwardly taken,or the decoction drunke;and is good for the mother,if but fmelled to, 

Plin lib.20.0a. £3 faith it opens the matrix,and brings it into the right place, ifthe belly all ouer 
and the fhare(the breft fay the old falfe copies)be anointed therewith : mixed with hony it is a re~ 
medie againft the inflammationand fwelling of the ftones,procecding of long abftinence from ve- 
nerie, called of our Englith Mountebanks the Colts euill, 1f it be boyled with Barrowes greafe, 
Bay leaues, and the pouders of Fenugreeke and Linfeed be added thereto, and applied pultis wife. 

It takes away crudity and rawnefle of humors,and alfo windines and old paines of the ftomack, 

Boiled with vineger it cafeth paines,ts good againft the ftitch of the fide and cheft,and fhortnes 
of breath vpon a cold caufe,and alfo againft the paine in the ioynts and huckle bones. 

The oile of it ferues for the purpofes laft recited : it takes away the collicke and pangs in the 
guts, not only ina clitter, butalfo anointed vpon the places affected. Butif this oile be ‘made of 
the oile preffed out of Linefeed itwill be fo much the better,and of fingular force totake away 
hard fiwellings of the {pleene or milt. 

It is vfed with good fucceffe againft the dropfic called in Grecke veipe, being applied to the 
belly in manner ofa pultis. 

The herb a little boiled or fcalded,and kept in pickle as Sampier,and caten,quickens the fight, 

The fame applied with honey and the iuyce of Fennell isa remedie againgt dim eyes. 

The inyce of Rue made hot in the rinde of a pomegranat and dropped intathe eares,takes away 
the paine thereof. 

S. Anthonies fire is quenched therewith : it killeth the fhingles,and running ylcers and fores in 
the heads of yong children, ifit be rempered with Cerufe or white Lead,vineger,and oile of rofes, 
and made into the forme of Nuéritum or Triapharmacon. 

Diofcorides faith that Rue put vp in the nofthrils ftayeth bleeding. 

Of whofe opinion P/iny alfois ; when notwithftanding itis of power rather to procure bleeding 
through the fharpe and biting qualitie that it hath. 

The leaues of Rue beaten and drunkewithwine,are an antidote againft poifons,as Pliny faith. 

_ Diofcorides writeth,that a twelue penny weight of the feed drunke in wine is a counterpoyfon a- 
gainft deadly medicines or the poy{on of Wolfs-bane, Ix7a,Muthroms, or Tode-ftooles,the biting 
of Serpents, ftinging of Scorpions, {piders,bees,hornets,and walps ; and it is reported, that if aman 
be anointed with the iuyce of Rue thefe will not hurt him ; and that the Serpentis driuen away at 
the fmell thereof when it is burned, infomuch that when the Weefell is to fight with the Serpent, 
the armeth her felfe by eating Rue againft the might of the Serpent. 

The leaues of Rue eaten with the kernels ofwallnuts or figs ftamped together and made into a 
maffe or pafte,is good againft all euill aires, the peftilence or plague,tefifts poy fon and all venom. 

Rue boiled with Dil,Fennell {eed,and fome Sugar,ina fufficient quantitie of wine, fwageth the 
torments and griping paines of the belly, the paines in the fides and breaft, the dificulty of brea- 
thing,the cough,and {topping of the lungs, and helpeth fuch as are declining to a dropfie. 

The iuyce taken with Dill,as aforefaid,helpeth the cold fits ofazues,and alters their courfe : it 
helpeth the inflammation of the fundament, and paines of the gut called Rectum inteftinum. 

The inyce of Rue drunkewith wine purgeth women after their deliverance, driuing forth the 
fecondine, the dead childe, and the vnnaturall birth. 

Rue vied very often either in meate or drinke, quencheth and drieth vp the natural! feed of ge- 
neration, and the milke of thofe that giue fucke. 

The oile wherein Rue hath beene boyled, and infufed many dayes together in the Sun warmeth 
and chafeth al! cold members if they be anointed therewith :alfo it prouoketh vrine if the region 
of the bladder beanointed therewith. 

Ifitbe miniftred inclifters it expells windineffe,and the torfion or gnawing paines of the guts, 

The leaues of garden Rucboiled in water and drunke,caufeth one to make water,prouoketh the 
termes,and ftoppeth the laske. : ; 

Ruta fylueftris or wilde Rue is much more vehement both in fmélland operation, and therefore 
the more virulent or pernitious ; for fomtimes it fumeth out a vapor oraire fo hurtfull that it {cor- 
cheth the face of him that looketh vpon it, raifing vp blifters, wheales, and other accidents : it ve~ 
nometh their hands chat touch it,and will infe& the face alfo, ifit be touched with them before 
they beckeanewathed ; wherefore itis not to be admitted ynto meate or medicine. 


The end of the fecond Booke. 


Nannan 3 THE 


Saas. 


4) 
4 
4 
i 
a | 


THE THIRD: BOOKE. OF 
mete THE HISTORIE OF 
PLANTS. 


(Containing the Defcription,Place, Time, Names, Nature,and Vertues, 
of Trees, Shrubs, Bufhes, Fruit-bea ring Plants, Rofins,Gums,Rofes, 
Heath, Moffes fome fndian Plants, and other rare Plants — 
not renembred in the Proeme to the firft Booke. Alfo 
cMufbroms, Corall, and their feue- 
rall kindes, (rc. 


The Proeme. 


Auing finithed the Treatife of Herbes and Plants in génerall, vfed for meat, medicine,or 
{weet {melling vfe,onely fome few omitted for want of perfe,t inftruction, and alfo being 

: © ie ed : yO 
hindered by the flackeneffe of the Cutters or Grauers of the thofe ; which wants we intend 
to fupplicin this third and la part, The Tables as well genetalfas particular thal! be fet forth in 
the end of this prefent Volume. 


Cuap, 1, Of Rofes. 


q The Kindes, 


eA He Plant of Rofes though itbea thrub full of prickles, yet it had been mote fitand 
ang Conuenient to haue placed.itwith the mof glorious-floures of the world,than to in- 
EAs fert the fame here among bafeand thornie fhrubs: for the Rofe doth deferue the 
ALA chicfett and moft principall place among all floures whatfoeuer ; beeing not onely 
efteemed for his beautie,vertues,and his fragrant and odoriferous {mell;but alfo be- 
caufe it is the honodr and ornament ofour Englith Scepter, as by the coniun@ion 
appeareth in the vniting of thofe two moft royal | houfes of Lancafter and Yorke. Which pleafant 
floures deferue the chicfeft place in Crownes and garlands,as Anacreon Thiws amoftantient Greeke 
Poet(whom Henricus Stephanus hath tranilated ina gallant Latine verfe)afirmesin thofe verfes ofa 
Rofe, beginning thus 

Td pidds wd F Zeghran cree 
Rofahonos,decn{q; florum, 
Rofa,cura,amorq, Veris. 
Rofa,calitum valuptas, 

Rofcis puer Cytheres. 

Caput tmplicat Corollés, 
Charitum Choros frequentans . 


The 


“p60. ~~ Of the#liftoryof Plant. 


Sa anEIEEEEnee 


Lis. 4 


The Rofe is the honour and beautie of floures, 

The Rofe is the care and loue of the Spring, 

The Rofe is the pleafure of th‘heauenly powres; 

The Boy of faire Yenus,Cytheras darling, 

Doth wrap in his head round with garlands of Rofe, 
Whento the dances of the Graces he goes. 


cAucerins Busbeckins {peaking of the eftimation and honor of the Rofe,reporteth that the Turks 
can by no meanes indure to fee the leaues of Rofes fall to the ground, becaufe that fome of them 

haue dreamed, thar the firft or moft anticnt Rofe did {pring of thebloud of Fenus,and others of the 

Mahumietans fay,that it {prang of the feat of cmtahumet. 

But there are many kindes of Rofes differing cither in the bigneffe of the floures, or the plantit 
felfe,roug hneffe or {moothneffe,or in the multitude of the floures,or in the fewneffe, orelfe in co- 
lour and {mell : for diuers of them are high and tall, others fhort and low ; fome haue fiue leaues, 
others very many. Theophraftus telleth of acertaine Rofe growing about Philippi, with an hun- 
dred leaues, which the inhabitants brought forth of Pangeum, and planted it in Campania, as 
Pliny faith , which wee hold to be the Holland Rofe, that diuers call the Prouince Rofe , but nor 
properly. i 

Morcouer,fome be red, others white,and moft of them or all, fweetly {melling, efpecially thofe 
of the garden, 4 ‘ 


y Rofaalba. ‘ @ The Defcription. 
The White Rofe. i 


CFR Nas A) 
48) 


F thecurious could fo 
be content, one gene- 
ral defcription might 
Al ferue to diftinguifh 
4 the whole ftocke or 

kindred of the Rofes, 
beeing things fo well knowne: notwithftan- 
ding I thinke it not amiffe to fay fomething 
of them feuerally,in hope to fatisfieall. The 
white Rofe hath very long ftalkes ofa wood- 
die fubftance , fet or armed with diuers 
fharpe prickles : the branches whereof are 
likewife full of prickles, whereon doe grow 
leaues confifting of fiue leaues for the moft 
part, fet vpon a middle rib by couples ; the 
old leafe ftanding at the point of the fame, 
and euery one of thofe final! leaues fome- 
what {nipt about theedges,fomewhatrough, 
and ofan ouerworne green colour: from the 
bofom wherof fhoot forth long foot-ftalks, 
whereon do grow very faire double floures, 
ofa white colour, and very fweet{mell, ha- 
uing in the middlea few yellow threds or 


TUT OT eat 


{ 

| \ chiues; which being paftthere fucceedetha 
| F Wy long fruit,greene at the firft, but red when it 
1h : \ Sie ante t Istipe, and ftuffed witha downie choaking 
Mabon ii LiPo Be, matter, wherein is contained feed as hard as 
Rida hat | i ie oe ftones . The root is long, tough, and of 2 

an i wooddie fubftance. 
P 17 ‘ 2 The Red Rofe groweth very low in 
refpec of the former: the ftalkesare fhor- 
! ter,fmoother, and brownerof colour: the leaues are like, yet of a worfe duttie colour : the floures 


grow on the tops of the branches, confifting of many leaues,ofa perfedt red colour:the fruit is like- 
wife red when it isripe:theroor alfo wooddie. 

3 Thecommon Damaske Rofe in ftature,prickley branches, and in other refpeéts is like the 

: ; white 


ee 


Lis.2. Of the Hiftroy of Plants. _ “1261 


2 Rofarubra. 3 Rola Pronincialis, ive Ditmaftenas 
The red Rofe, The Prouince,or Damaske Rofe. 


5 Rofa fine (pint. : white Rofe ; the efpeciall difference confi- 
The Rofe without prickles, fteth inthe colourand {mel! ofthe floures; 
WV i Olprsre ~*~ | for thefe are of a pale red colour, and ofa 

Te more pleafant {mell,and fitter for meate or 


AS, medicine: 

The Rofa Provincialis minor, or efter 
Prouinse Rofe differeth not from the former; 
but is altogether lefler:the floures and fruit 
are like: the vfe in phyfick alfo agreeth with 
the precedent. 

5 The Rofewithout prickles hath many 
young fhootes comming from the root, di- 
uiding themfelues into diuers branches, 
tongh,and ofa woody fubftanceas are all the 
reft of the Rofes of the hight of two or three 
E cubités, fmooth and plaine without any 
r = roughneffe or prickles atall; whereon do 
¢ grow leaues like thofe of the Holland Rofe, 

ofa fhining deepe greene colouron the vp- 
et fide, vnderneath fomewhat hoarie and 
falty, The floures grow at the toppes of the 
branches, confifting of an infinite number of 
leaties, greater than thofe of the Damaske 
Rofe,more double, and of a colour betweene 
the Red and Damaske Rofes,ofa moft {weet 
f{mell. The fruit is round, red when it is ripe, 
and ftuffed with the like flockes and feeds of 
thofe ofthe Damask Rofe. The root is great; 
waoddic,and far {preading. 


6 The 


Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants, La.3, 


1262 


6 The Holland or Pronince Rofe hath diuers fhoots proceeding from a wooddie roor, fu 
fharpe prickles, diuiding it felfe into diuers branches ,whereon do grow leaves confifting of fue 
Jeaues fet vpon a rough middle rib,and thofe {nipt about the edges: the floures grow on the tops of 
the branches, in fhape and colour like the Damaske Rofe, but greater and more double, infomuch 
that the yellow chiues in the middle are bard to be feene;ofa reafonable good fmell,but not fill fo 
fweet as the common Damaske Rofe : the fruit is like the other of his kind 


ae. 


lle 


6 Rofa Hollandica,five Bataua. 
The great Holland Rofe, commonly called the great Prouince Rofe. 


ISRG e 


\! 


« 


We haue in our London gardens one of the red Rofes,w 
equal with the former,but of greater eftimation,of a perfe 


teth from the Prouince Rofe;in ftalks,ftature,and manner 
ted Rofe. 


hofe floures are in quantitieand beauty 
& red colour,wherein efpecially it diffe- 
of growing itagreeth with ourcommon 


‘ @ Te Place, 
All thefe forts of Rofes we haue in our London 

as yet 1s a ftranger in England. The double white Rofe doth 
thire in great abundance,euenas Briers dowith vs in thefe 


the countrey called Leyland,and ina place called Roughford, not far fro 
the faid Leyland fields doth gray our garden Rofe wilde 
fue 1absndance, that there may be gathered daily,duri 
with the beft garden Rofe in cach refpea 
held in the place 


yeare the field will be {pred ouer with Rok 
then fhall there b 


lwellj d,by the relation of a curious Gentleman there 
dwelling, fo often i “piace 


+ Thaue heard that the Rofeswhich ¢ 


: row in fuch plenty in Glouers field,euery yeare the field 
is plowed,are noo 1 oe 


ther than corne Rofe,that is,red Poppies, howeuer our Authorwas informed. £ 
Thefed " @ The Time, 
tere Houre from the end of May to theend of Auguft, and divers times after, by reafonthe 


tops and fuperfluous branches are cut away in the end of their flouring: & then dothev fometimes 
flou re eyen vntillO Gober,and after. . 


~ @| The 


ee tS et ss Se 
3) ——— rT en tn 


Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1263 


@ The Names. 

‘The Rofe is called in Latine Rofa : in Greeke jm: and the plant it felfe #4: (which in Latine 
) keepeth thé fame name that the floure hath)and it is called Rodon (as Plutarch faith) becauleit fen- 
| deth forth plenty of {mell. 

| The middle part of the Rofes, that is,the yellow chiues, or feeds and typs, is called 4zthos, and 
) Flos Rofa,the floure of the Rofe : in fhops, 4athera,or the blowing of the rofe. 

| Thewhite parts of the leaues of the floure it felfe, by which they are faftened to the cups,be na. 
| med Yzgu:s 07 nails. That is called Calix,or the cup,which containeth and holdcth in together the 
| yellow part and leaues of the floure. 
__ Alabaftri,are thofe parts of the cup which are deeply cut,& that compa ffe the floure clofe abour 
| before it be opened, which be in number fiue,two haue beards and two haue none, and the fift hath 
| but halfe one : moft do ca! them Cortices Rofarum,or the husks of the rofes: the thoots of the plane 
| of rofes,Serabo Gallus in his little garden doth call Yzburna, 
The white Rofe is called Rofa alba : in Englith,the white Rofe : in high Dutch, neeifs Roofens 
in low Dutch, npitte Boofen s in French, Refe Blanche : of Plinie, Spincola Rofa,ov Rofa Campana, 

The red Rofe is called in Latine, *ofarubra : the Frenchmten, Rofe Fraache,kofe de Proums, a towne 

| in Campaigne: of Plinie, Trachimia,or Preneflina. 
The Damaske Rote is called of the Italians Rofs iacarnata: inhigh Dutch Letbfarbige Rooter: 
| in low Dutch, 2ouencie Boole: of fome,Rof{a Provincialis,or Rofe of Provence: in French of fome, 
eMelefia: the Kole of Meiano,a citie in Afia, from whence fome haue thought it was firft brought 
into thofe parts of Europe. 

The great Rofe,which is generally called thegreat Prouence rofe,which the Dutch men cannot 
endure; for fay they,it came firft out of Holland, and therefore to be called the Holland Rofe : out 
by all likelihood it came from the Damaske rofe,as a kinde thereof, made better and fairer by art, 
which feemeth to agree with truth. 

The rofe without prickles.is called in Latine, Ro/a fine (pints,and may be calledin Englith, the 
rofe without thornes,or the rofe of Auftrich,becaufe it was firft brought from Vienna, the Metro- 
poliran citie of Auftrich,andgiue nto that famous Herbarift Carolus Clufius. ; 

The Temperature. 

The leaues of the floures of rofes,becaufe they doe confift of divers parts, haue alfodiuers and 
fundry facultics:for there be inthem certain that are earthy and binding, others moift and watery, 
and fundrie that are fpirituall and airie parts,;which notwithftanding are not all after one fort, for in 
one kinde thefe excel],in another thofe,all oftthem haue a predominant or overruling cold tempe- 
raturewhich is neereft to a meane,that is to fay,of fuch as are cold in the firtt degree, moift, airie, 
and fpirituall parts are predominant in the White rofes, Damaske and Muske. 

aq The Vertues.. 

The diftilled waterofrofes is good for the ftrengthning of the heart, & refrefhing of the fpirits, A 
and likewife for all things that require a gentle cooling. 

The fame being put into mnketting difhes,cakes,fauces,and many other pleafant things,giueth B 
a fine and deleable tafte. 

Irmitigateth the paine of the cies proceeding of a hot caufe,bringeth fleep,which alfo the frefh C 

D 


rofes themfelues provoke through their fweet and pleafant fmell. 

The iuice of thefe rofes,efpecially of Damask doth moue to the ftoole,and maketh the belly fo- 
luble:but moft effetually that of the Musk rofes:next tothem is the iuice of the Damask,which is 
more commonly vfed. 

The infufion of them doth the fame,and alfo the fyrrup made thereof,called in Latine Drofatum, E. 
ot Serapium : the Apothecaries call it Syrrup of rofes folutiue which muft be made of the infufion 
in which a great number of the leaues of thefe freth rofes are divers and fundry times fteeped. 

It is profitable to make the belly loofe & foluble,whenas either there is no need ofotherftron- FB 
ger purgarion,or that it is not fic and expedient to vfe it : for befides thofe excrements which ftick 
tothe bowels, or thatin the firfeand neereft veines remaine raw, flegmaticke, and now and then 
cholericke,, it purgeth no other excreinenits,vnleffe it be mixed with certaine other ftronger medi- 
cines. 

This fyrrap doth moiften and coole ,and therefore it alayeth the extremitic of heat inhot bur- G 
ning feuers,mitigateth the inflammations of the intrails,and quencheth thirftsit is {carcegood for ~ 
aweakeand moift ftomacke , for it leaueth it more flacke and weake. 

Of like vertue alfo are the leaties of thele preferued in Sugar,efpecially ifthey be onely bruifed H 
with the hands,and diligently tempered with Sugar,and fo heat at the fire rather than boiled, 

| The Temperature of Red Rofés. 

There is inthe red Rofes,which are common every where,and in theother that be of a deep pur- I 

ple,called Prouence rofes, amore earthie fubftance, alfoa drying and binding qualitic, yet not 
; | without 


s 


ea NN. AM lA Aa ot iia 
Of the Hiftory of Plants: Lis. :: 


without Certaine moifture toined, being in them when they areas yet freth,which they lofe when 
they be dried : for this caufe their inice and: infufion doth alfo make thebodie foluble,yet not fo 
much as of the others aforefaid. Thefe rofes being dried and their moifture gone,do bind and dry, 
and likewife coole, but leffer than when they are frefh. 
gq The Vertues, 
1 They ftrengthen the heart,and helpe the trembling and beating thereof, 

They giue ftrength to the liuer, kidneies,and other weake intrails; they dry and comfort a weak 
ftomacke that is flafhic and moift; {tay the whites and reds,ftanch bleedings in any part of the bo- 
dy, ftay fweatings,binde and loofe,{ and moiften the body. 
L | And they are put into all manner of counterpoifons and other like medicines, w 

to be outwardly applied or to be inwardly taken,towhich they giueaneffeQuall bi 

taine ftrengthning qualitic. _ 
Honie of Rofes,or tel Rofarum,called in Greeke »iue,which ismade of them, is moft excel- 


Jent good for wounds,vlcers, iffues, and generally for fuch things as haueneedto be clenfed and 
dried. ; 


N_ __The oile doth mitigate all kindes of heat,and will 
rife,and being rifen it doth at the fir affwage them. 


Gq The Temperature and Vertues of the parts. 

Q The floures or bloomings of Rofes, that is to fay,the yellow haires and tips,do in like maner dry 
and binde,and that more effectually than of the leaues of the rofes themfelues:the fame tempera- 
ture the cups and beards be of, but feeing none of thefe haue any {weet {mell,they are not fo pro- 
fitable,nor fo familiar or beneficiall to mans nature : notwithftanding in fluxes at the fea, it fhall 
auaile the Chirurgion greatly,to carry ftore thereofwith him, which doth there preuaile much 
more than at the land. 

P The fame yellow called Authera, ftaieth not onely thofe lasks and bloudy fluxes which do hap- 
penat the fea,but chofeat the land alfo, and likewife the white flux and red in women, if they bee 
dried,beaten to pouder,and two {cruples thereof giuen in red wine, witha little powder of Ginger 
added thereto : and being at the fea, for want of red wine you may vie fuch iquour as you can get 
in fuch extremitie. 

Q. Thelittle heads or buttons of the Rofes,as Pliny writeth,do alfo ftanch bleeding,and ftoppe the 
Jaske. 


R___Thenailes orwhite ends of the leaues of the flouresar 


€ good for watering cies. 
|S _ The inice,infufion,or deco&tion of Rofes, are tobe reckoned among thofe medicines which are 
foft,gentle,loofing opening and purging ¢ 


g gently the belly, which may be takenatall times and in 

all places,of cuery kinde or fex of people,both old and yong,without danger or peril. 

if _ The fyrrup made of the infufion of Rofes,is amoft fingular & gentle loo 
downwards cholericke humors,opening the 
slies, the trembling of the heart, & takin 
is thus made : 

Vv Take two pound of Rofes, the whiteends cut away, putthem to ftcepe or infufe in fix pintes of 
warme water in an open veffell for the {pace of twelue houres:then ftraine them out,and pus there- 
to the like quantitie of Rofes,and warme the water again, fo let ir ftand the like time: do thus foure 
or fiue times ; in the end adde vnio that liquor or infufion, foure pound of fine fugar in powder ; 
then boyle it vnto the forme of a fyrrup,vpon a gentle fire, continually ftirring it vntill it be cold; 
then ftraine it,and keepe it for your Hepat be taken inwhite wine,or other liquour,from 
one ounce ynto two. 

XX — Sysrup ofthe iuice of Rofes is very profitable for the griefes aforefaid,made in this manner : 

(Y _ Take Rofes,the white nailes cutaway,what quantitie you pleafe,ftampe them, and ftraine out 
the iuice,the which you fhall put tothe fire,adding thereto fugar,according to the quantity ofthe 
iuice: boiling them on a gentle fire vntoa good confiftence, 

Z__ nto thefe fyrrups you may adde a few drops of oyle of Vitriol, which giueth it a moft beauti- 
full colour,and alfo helpeth the force in cooling hot and burning feuers and agues: you likewife 
may adde thereto a {mall quantitie of the iuice of Limons,which doth the like. 

A. Theconferue of Rofes aswell that which is crudeand raw, as thatwhichis made by ebullition 
or boiling, taken inthe morning fafting and laft atnight, ftrengthneth the heart,and taketh away 
the fhaking and trembling thereof, ftrengthneth the liuer,kidneies and other weake intrails,com- 
fortethaweake ftomacke that is moiftand raw ,{taicth the whites and reds in women,and ina word 
is the moft familiar thing tobevfed forthe purpofes aforefaid, and is thus made: 

B Take the leaues of Rofes,the nails cut off,one pound, put them into aclean pan;then put thereto 

a pinte anda halfe of (calding water, ftirring them together with awoodden flice, fo let them ftand 

to 


K 


hether they be 
nding,and cer- 


not fuffer inflammations or hot fwellings to 


fing medicine,carrying 
{toppings of the liuer,helping greatly the yellow iaun- 
§ away the extreme heat in agues and burning feuers which 


Lis. 3, 
) romacerate,clofe couered fome two or three houres ; then fet them to the fire flowly toboyle,ad- 
| ding thereto three pounds of fugar in powder,letting them to fimper together according todifere- ! 
) tion,fome houre or more,then keepe it for your vie. 
The fame made another way, but better by many degrees : take Rofes at your pleafure,put them C 

| toboyle in faire. water,hauing regard to the quantity; for if you haue many rofes,you may take the 
| morewatcr;if fewer,the leffe water will ferue: the which you fhall boyleat the leaft three or foure 
| houres,cuenas you would boyle a piece of meat, vntill in the eating they be very tender, at which 
| time the rofes will lofe their colour,that you would thinke your labour loft,and the thing {poyled. 
| But proceed for though the Rofes haue loft their co‘our, the water hath gotten the tin ture there- 

ofthen fhall you adde vnto one pound of Rofes,foure pound of fine {ugar in pute powder, and fo 
according to the reft of the rofes. Thus fhall you letthem boyle gently after the Sugar is put ther- 
to,continually ftirring it with a woodden Spatula vntill it be cold, whereof one pound weight is 
worth fix pound of the crude or raw conferue, as well for thé vertues and goodneffe in tafte, as alfo 
for the beautifull colour. 

The making of the crude or raw conferue is very well knowne, as alfo Sugar rofet, anddiuers D 
other pretty things made of rofes and fugar,which are impertent vnto our hiftorie,becaufe I intend 
neither to make thereofan A pothecaries fhop, nor a Sugar bakers ftorchouife, leauing the reft for 
our cunning confectioners. 


~ Ofthe Hiftorieof Plants. | 3265 


Cuar. 2 Of theeMuske Rofes. 


q The Kinde. 
ci Hete be diuers forts of Rofes planted in gardens, befides thofe written of in the former chap- 
ter,which are of moft writers reckoned among the wilde rofes, notwithftanding we thinke it 
conuenient to put them into a chapter betweene thofe of the gardenand the brier rofes, as indiffe- 
rent whether to make them of the wilde rofes,or of the rame, feeing we haue made them denizons 
in our gardens for diuers ref} pectssand that worthily. 


1 Rofa Mofchata fimplici flore : 4 Rofa Mofchata multiplex. 
The fingle Muske rofe. The dduble Muske rofe. 


- Ofdeey i Pane heal 


@] The Defiription. . 
He fingle Muske Rofe hath diuers long fhoots ofa greenith colour and wooddie fub- } 
ftance,armed with very fharpe prickles, diniding ir felfe into diuers branches : whereon 
do grow long leaues,fmooth & fhining made of diuers leauies fet vpona middle rib, like the other 
rofes: the floures grow on the tops of the branches, of awhite colour, and pleafant fivect {mel like 
that of Muske,whereof it tooke his name - hauing certain yellow feeds in the middle,as the reft of 
the rofes haue : the fruit is red when it is tipe,and filled with fuch chaffic flocks and feeds as thofe 
of the other rofes : the roor is tough and wooddie. i 
2 Thedouble Muske rofe differeth not from the precedent in leaues,ftalks, and roots, nor in 
the colour of the floures, or fweetneffe thereof,but onely in the doubleneffe of the floures, 
confifteth the difference. 
3 Ofthefe rofes we haue another in our London gardens,which of moft is called thebluth rofe, 
it foureth when the Damaske rofe doth: the floures hereof are very fingle, greater than the other 
Muske rofes, and of awhite colour, dafht ouerwitha light wath of carnation,which maketh that 


colour which weecallabluth colour: the proportion of the whole plant, as alfothe {mell of the 
floures,are like the precedent. 


t 


wherein 


3 Rofe Mofchata fpecies maior. 4 Rofa Holofericea, 
The great Muske rofe. The veluet rofe, 


4 _ The Veluet rofe groweth alwaies very low, like vnto the red rofe hauing his branches coue- 
red witha certaine hairic or prickley matter,as fine as haires, yet not fo fharpe or ftiffe that itwill 
harme the moft tender skin that is: the leaues are like the leaues of the white rofe:the floures grow 
at the top of the ftalks, doubled with fome yellow thrums in the midft, of a deepe and blacke red 
colour,refembling red crimfon veluet, whereupon fome haue called it the Veluetrofe : when the 
floures be vaded,thcre follow red berries full of hard feeds,wrapped ina downe or woollineffe like 
the others. 

5 The yellow rofe which(as divers do report) was by Art focoloured, and altered from his fir 
eftate,by graffing awilderofevpona Broome ftalke ; whereby (fay they) itdoth not onely change 
his colour,but his fmel! and force. But for my part I hauing found the contrarie by mine owne ex- 
perience, cannot be induced to beleeue the report: for the roots ard off. fprings of thisrofe haue 


brought 


Lis Of the Hiftroy of Plants, 1267 


be {een inall other plants that haue been graffed.M 


brought forch yellow rofes, {uch as the maine ftocke or mother bringeth out,which event is not to 


oreouer,the feeds of yellow rofes haué brought 


forth yellow rofes,fuch as the floure was from whence they were taken; which they would notdo 
by any conie@urall reafon,ifthat of themfelues they were nota naturall kind of rofe, Laftly, it were 


contrary tothat true principle, 


Naturafequitur femina quodque fue :that isto fay ; 
Euery feedand plant bringeth forth fruit like vnto it fe] fe, both in fhape and nature : but lea- 
uing that errour,[ will proceed to the defcription : the yellow rofe hath browne and prickly ftalks 
or fhoots,fiue or fix cubits high,garnifhed with many leaucs,like ynto the Muske rofe,of an excel. 


Oe 
lent {weet {mell, and more pleafant than the leau 
mong the leaues,and at the top of the branches ofa 


es of the Eglantine : the floures come fortha- 
faire gold yellow colour : the thrums in the 


middle,are alfo yellow:which being gone,there follow fuch knopsor heads as the other rofesdo 


beare. 


5 Rofalutea. 
The yellow roie, 


+ 6 Rofa Lutea multiples, 
The double yellow rofe, 


+ 6 Ofthis kinde there isancther more rare and fet by,which in ftalks,leaues,and other parts 
isnot much different from the laft defcribed,onely the floure is very double, and it feldome fairly 


thewes it felfeabout London, where itis kept inou 


t chiefe gardens as a prime raritie, $ 


7 The Canell or Cinnamon rofe, or the rofe fmelling like Cinnamon,hath fhoots ofa brown 


colour, foure cubits high,befer with thorny prickles 


sand leaues like vnto thofe of Eglantine, but 


{mailer and gtcener,of the fauour or fmell of C innamon, whereof it tooke his name,and not of the 
{mell of his Houres (as fome haue deemed) which haue little or no fauour atall : the floures-be ex- 


ceeding double,and yellow inthe middle, of a pale 
root is ofa wooddie fubftance. 
8) Wehauein our London gardens another Cin 


red colour, and fometimes ofacarnation : the 


namon or Canell rofe, not differing fromthe 


laftdefcribed inany tefpedt,but onely inthe floures; for as the other hath very double floures, cons 
Wartwafe thefe of this plant are verie fingle,wherein is the difference, ; 


Oo0000 2 a TAS 


L18.3. 
Rofa Cinnamomea pleno flore. + 8 Rofa Cinnamomea flore fimplici, 
if he double Cinnamon Rofe. The fingle Cinnamon Rofe. 


ae Of the Hittory of Plants: ; 


@ The Place; 
Thefe Rofes are planted in our London gardens, and elfewhere, butnot found wilde in Eng- 
land. 


q| The Time, 
The Muske Rofe floureth in Autumne,or the fall of the leafe : the reft floure when the Damask 
and red Rofe do. 
qq The Names. 
The firft is called Rofa Mfofchata,of the {mell of Muske,as we haue faid : in Italian, Rofa Mofcherta: 
in French, Rofés AMufquees,or Mufcadelles : in Low Dutch, QPutket roofers: in Englifh,Musk Rofe: 
the Latine and Englith titles may ferue for the ref. 
a The Temperature. ° 
The Muske ro(e is cold in the firft degree wherein airie and fpiritual parts are predominant;the 
reft are referred to the Brier rofe and Eglantine. 
t q] The Vertues. 

‘A —_ Conferue or fyrrup made of the Muske rofe,in manner as before told inthe Damaske and red 
rofes, doth purge very mightily waterifh humors,yet fafely, and without all danger, taken in the 
quantitic ofan ounce inweight. 

B  ‘Theleaues ofthe floures eaten inthe morning, in manner ofa fallad,with oile,vineger and pep- 
perjor any other way according to the appetite and pleafure of them that fhall eatit, purge very 
notably the belly of waterifh and cholericke humors, and that mightily, yet without all perillor 
paineat all,infomuch as the fimpleft may vfe the quantitic, according to their owne fancie ; for if 

fy they do defire many ftooles,or fieges,they are to cat the greater quantity of the leaues,if fewer,the 
leffe quantitie ; as for example:the leaues of twelue or foureteene floures giue fix or eight ftooles, 
and fo increafing or diminifhing the quantitie,more or fewer, as my felfehaue often proued. _ 

C  Thewhite leaues ftamped in awoodden dith with apeece of Allum and the iuice firained forth 
into fome glafed veflell,dried in the thadow, and kept, is the moft fine and pleafant yellow colour 
that may be dinifed,not only to limne or wath pictures and Imageriein books, butalfo to. colour 
meates and fauces,which notwithftanding the Allum is very wholfome. 


There 


(pe Be 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1269 


There is not any thing extant of the others, but are thought tobe equal! with the white Muske 
Rofe;whereof they are taken and holden to be kindes, : 


Cuar.3. Of the wilde Rofes. 


| The Defiription. 


I S hes {weet Brier doth oftentimes grow higher than all the kindes of Rofes; the fhoots of 
itare hard,thicke,and wooddie;the leaues are glittering, and of a beautifull greene co. 
lour,of{mell moft pleafant : the Rofes are little, fiue leaued, moft commonly whitith, feldom ten- 
ding to purple,oflittle6r no {mell at all:the fruit is long,of colour fomewhat red, like a little oliue 
ftone,and like the little heads or berries ofthe others,but lefler than thofe of the garden :inwhich 
is contained rough cotton,or haitie downe and feed, folded and wrapped vp in the fame, which is 
fmall and hard ¢ there be likewife found about the flender fhootshereof, round, foft,and hairie 
fpunges,whichwe call Brier Balls,{uch as grow about the prickles of the Dog-rofe, 


1 Rofafylueftris odora: The Eglantine, or {weet Brier. 
ay A 


0): O8ae. WA brea Un 6 Sou 


i) 


SNS Nifin ff 
OZ = eden 
eye. 
g 


ie 


2 Wehate in our London gardens another fweet Brier,hauing greater leaues,and much {wee2 


ter: the floures likewife are greater, and fomewhat doubled 5 exceeding fweet of {inell, wherein it 
differeth from the former. 

3 The Brier Bush or Hep tree, is alfo called Rofacanina, which is a plant {o commonand well 
knowne,that it were to {mall purpofe to vfe many words in the defcription thereof:for euen chil- 
dren with great delight eat the berries thereof when they be ripe, make chaines and other prettic 
gewgawes of the fruit: cookes and gentlewomen make Tarts and fuch like difhes for pleafure 
thereofand therefore this (hall fuffice for the defcription. 


4 The Pimpinell rofe is likewife ane of the wilde ones whofe ftalks {hoot forth of the ground ~ 


in many places,of the heigh: of one or two cubits, of abrowne colour,and armed with fharpe pric- 
; Oo000 3 aca. * kles3 


—— 


jifterie of Plants. Pais 3 


cg Rofa {yl.odora fl 
: The Aone Eglantine. 


4. Rofa Pimpinelle folio. 
The Pimpinell Rofe,_ 


: 


| 
| 


a I oe sc a I 


Rofa Canina inodora. 
The BrierRofe,or Hep tree. 


kles, which diuide themfelues toward the tops 
into diners branches whereon doe grow leaues 
confifting of diuers {mallones, fet vpon a mid- 
dle rib like thofe of Burnet, which is called in 
Latine Pimpinella, whereupon itwascalled Rofa 
Pimpinella,the Burnet Role. The floures grow at 
the tops of the branches,of a white colour, very 
fingle,and like vnto thofe of the Brier or Hep 
tree : after which come the fruit, blacke,contra- 
rie toall the reft of the rofes,round as an apple; 
whereupon fome haue called it Rofa Pomifera, 
or the Rofe bearing apples : wherein is contai. 
ned feed, wrapped in chaflie or flockie matter, 
like that of the Brier: the root is tough and 
wooddie. 
q The Place. 

Thefe wilde Rofes do grow in the borders of 
fields and woods,in moft parts of England. The 
laft g’oweth very plentifully ina field as you go 
froma village in Effex, cailed Graies(vpon the 
brinke of che river Thames) vnto Horndon on 
the hill,infomuch that the field is full fraught 
therewith all ouer, 

It groweth likewife ina pafture as you goe 
from a village hard by London called Knights 
bridge,vnto Fulham, a village thereby, and in 
many other places. 

Wehane. them all ex 


“pt the Brier Buh in 
our London gardens,which we thinke vawor thy 
the place, 


q The 


Lip. 3. Of the Hiftroy of Plants. ae 1291 


@ The Time. . 

They floure and flourifh with the other Rofes. 

G The Names. 

The Englantine Rofe, which is Cynorrhodi, or Canine Rofe (pecies, akinde of Dogs Rofe-and Rofé 
fylueftris, thewild Rofe : in low- Dutch, €gtantier $ in French, Eglenvine 3 and as-Ruellins teftifies; 
Eglenterium : who alfo fulpeas it to be Cynosbaton, or Canirubus : of which Diofcoriées hath written 
in thefewords ;Cynosbatus, or Canirubus,which fome call Oxycaatha,is a fhrub growing like 4 tree; 
full of prickles, with awhite floure, long fruit like an oliue ftone, ted when it is ripe, and downie 
within :in Englifhwecall it Eglantine, or feet Brier, 

The fpongie balls'which are found vpon the branches are moft aptly and properly called Spon- 
siolaylucftris Rofa, the little fponges of thewilde Rofe. The fhops miftake it by the name of Bede- 
guar ; for Bedeguar among the Arabians isa kinde of Thiftle, which is calledin Greeke*Azsoe tev! 
thatis to fay, spina aldathe white Thiftle, not the white Thorne, though theword doe import {@ 
mucli. 

The Brier or Hep tree is called Sylueftris Rofa,the wilde Rofe sin high-Dutch, noilden Boten $ 
in French, Rofés fauuages : Pliny ,lib.8.cap.25. (Mth that it is Rofa Canina, Dogs Role: of divers Cani- 
wa fentis, ot Dogs Thorne :in Englith, Brier buth, and Hep tree: the laft hath been touched tn the 
defcription, 

@| The Temperature and Vertues. 

The faculties of thefewilde Rofes are referred to the manured Rofe, bur not vfed in phyficke A 
where the other may be had : notwithftanding Pliny affirmeth, that the root ofthe Brierbuth is a 
fingular remedic found out by oracle, againft the biting of a mad dog, which he fers downe in his 
eighth booke,chap.4r. 

The fame Author,/#6.2 5 .cap.2 .aftirmeth, that the little fpongie Brier ball ftamped with honey B 
and afhes caufeth haires to grow whichare fallen through the difeafe called Alopecia,or the Foxes 
euill,in plaine termes the French pocks. 

Fuchfius affiroies, that the {pongie excrefcence or ball growing vpon the Brier are good againft G 
the ftone and ftrangutie, if they be beaten to pouder and inwardly taken. 

They are good notas they be diureticks or prouokers of vrine, or as they are wearers away ofthe D 
ftone, but as certaine other binding medicines that ftrengthen the weake and feeble kidneyes ; 
which dono more good tothofe that be fubie& to the ftone, than many of the diuretickes, ef; peci- 
ally of the ftronger fort ; forby too much ving of diureticks ot piffing medicines, it hapneth that 
the kidneyes are ouer-weakened, and often times too much heated, by which meanes not only the 
ftones are not diminifhed, worne away, or driuen forth put oftentimes are alfo increafed and made 
more hard : for they feparate and take away that which in rhe blond is thin, waterie, and as it were 
wheyifh; and the thicker part, the ftronger forts of diuretickes do draw together and make hard : 
and in Itke maner alfo others that are not fo ftrong, by the ouermuch vfing of them,as GalewJib.s. 
of the faculties of imple medicines reporteth. 

The fruit when it is ripe maketh moft pleafant meats and banqueting dithes,as tarts and fuch EB 
like; the making whereofI commit tothe cunning cooke, and teeth to éat them in the rich mans 

mouth. 


Cuar. 4. Of the Bramble or black-Berry bufh. 


| The Defiription, 


I ‘He common Bramble bringeth forth flender branches, long,tough,cafily bowed,tanz. 
ping among hedges and whatfocuer ftands neere vnto it ; armed with hard and fharpe 
prickles, wheteon doe grow leaues confifting of many fet ypona rough middle rib, 

greene on the vpper fide, and vnderneath fomewhat white : on the tops of the ftalks ftand certaine 
floures, in fhape like thofe of the Brier Rofe, bur leffer, of colour white,and fometimes watht ouer 
witha little purple : the fruit or berry is likethat of the Mulberry, firft red, blackewhen it is ripe, 
in tafte betweene {weet and foute, very foft,and full of: grains : the root creepethand fendeth forth 
here and there yong {prings. 

+ Rubus repens frudtu cafio. 

# 2 This hatha round ftalke fet full of {mall crooked and very fharpe pricking thornes,and 
creepeth on hedges and Jow bufhes ofa gteat length,on the vpper fide of a light red colourand vas 
derneath greene,and taketh root with the tops of the trailing branches, whereby it doth bia 

gacteale ¢ 


{ 

H 

ie 
1 by 

it: aa 
t 

' 
ay 

ih ' 
i 

Moi 


ee 


rs ~ Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 3. J 


~~ encreafe : the leaues grow without order, compofed of three leaues, and fometimes of five, orelfe 


— ae 


the two lower leaues are diuided into two parts, as Hop leaues are now and then, of a light greene 
colour bothaboue and vnderneath, The floures grow on the tops of the branches,racematim,many 
together, fometimes white, fometimes ofa yery light purple colour, every floure containing fiue 
leaues, which are crompled or wrinkled, and donot grow plaine: the fruit followes,firft green,and 
afterwards blew, eucric bérry compofed of one or two graines, feldome oboue foure or fiue grow- 
ing together, about the bignefleof corans ; wherein is. contained a ftony hard kernell or feed,and a 
iuyce of the colour of Claret wine, conttarie to the common Rubwsor Bramble, whofe leaues are 
white vnderneath : the berries being ripe ate of a fhining blacke colour, and euery berry containes 
vfually aboue forty graines clofely compaéted and thruit together. The root is wooddy and Ja- 
fting. This growes common enough in moft places,and too common in ploughed fields. Sept.6. 
1619. Iohn Goodyer. + 

3. The Rafpis or Framboife buth hath leaues and branches not much vnlike the common 
Bramble, but not fo rough nor prickly, and fometimes without any prickles atall, hauing onely a 
rough hairineffe about the ftalkes : the fruit in fhape and proportion is like thofe of the Bramble, 
red when they be ripe, and couered ouer with a lité downinefle ; in tafte not very pleafant. The 
root creepeth far abroad,whereby it greatly encreafeth. + This growes either with prickles vp- 
onthe ftalkes, or elfe without them: the fruit is vfually red, but fometimes white ofcolour. £ 


1 Rubus. i 2 Rubus Ideus. 
he Bramblebufh, . The Rafpis buth or Hinde-berry. 
(hashed pase ee Sie" AAD US Solemer . 


4 Stone Bramble feldome groweth aboue a foot high, hauing many fimall flexible branches 
without prickles, trailing vpon the ground, couered wit! a reddith barke,and fomwhat hairy : the 
leaues grow three together, fet vpon tender nakea foot ilalkes fomewhat {niptabout the edges: 
the floures grow at the end of the branches, confi ft ing of foure {mal] white leaues like thofe of the 
Cherry tree : after which come {mall Grape-like fruit, confifting of one, two, or three large tran{ 
parent berries, fet together as thofe of the common Bramble, ofa red colour when they be ripe, 
and ofa pleafant tafte, but fomewhat aftringent.. The roots creepe along inthe ground very farre 
abroad,whereby it greatly increafeth. 

4 Chan lled inthe North part of England, where they efpecially doe grow , Knot- 
betries,and ] tries) is likewife one of the Brambles, though without prickles:it brings 
: forth 


Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 275 


forth {mall weake branches or tender ftems of a foot high; whereon do grow at certaine diftances 
rough leaues in fhape like thofe of the Mallow, not vnlike to the leaues ofthe Goofebertie buh : 
on the top of each branch ftandeth one floure and no more, confifting of fiue {mal] leaues of a dark 
purple colour: which being fallen, the fruit fucceedeth, like vato that ofthe Mulberriewhereofit 
was called Chamaemorus, dwarfe Mulberry ; at the firft white and bitter, after red and fomwhat plea- 
fant : the root is long, fomething knotty ; from which knots or ioynts thrutt forth a few threddie 
firings. ¢ I take that plant to which our Author hereafter hath allotted a whole chapter,and cal- 
led Faccinia mubis, or Cloud-berrits, tobe the fame with this, as I fhall fhew you more largely in 
that place. + : 


4 Rubus Saxatilis, ; § Chamemorus. 


Stone blacke-Berry buth. _. Knot berry bufh, 
Qubus pox tiles. Qibirs Oharmrancowr s+ 


\y LF 
1 Ae MG 


@ The Place. 


The Bramble groweth for the moft patt ineuery hedge and buth. 

The Rafpis is planted in gardens : it groweth not wilde that I know of, except inthe field by a 
village in Lancafhire called Harwood, not far from Blackburne. 

I found it among the bufhes ofa caufey, neere yntoa village called WVifterfon, where I went to 
{choole, two miles from the Nantwich in Chefhire. 

The ftone Bramble I haue found in diuers fields in the Ile of Thanet, hard by a village called 
Birchinton, neere Queakes houfe, fometimes Sir Henry Crifpes dwelling place. + I feare our Au- 
thor miftooke that which is here added in the fecond place, for that which he figured and defcri- 
bed in the third (now the fourth) which I know not yet to grow wilde with vs. + 

Knot-berries do loue open fhowie hills and mountaines ; they grow plentifully vpon Inglebo. 
row hils among the heath and ling, twelue miles from Lancafhite,being thought to be the highefR 
hill in England. 

They grow vpon Stane-more betweene Yorkfhire and Weftmerland and vpon other wet Fells 
and mountaines. 

@ The Time. ‘ 

Thefe floure in May and Iyne with the Rofes : their fruit is ripe in the end of Auguft and Sep: 
tember, 

; q The 


274. ~=« Ofthe Hifteric of Plans. = Li n.3. 


q] The Names. 
The Bramble is called in Greeke 24::in French, Ronges,Loi Duyts Brelmers : in Latine,Rubws,and 
Seata,and Vepres,as Ouid writeth in his firft booke of Metamorpho fis, 
Aut Lepori qui vepre latens heftilia cernit 
Oracanum. 


Or to th’ Hare, that vnder Bramble clofely lying, {pies 
The hoftile mouthes of Dogs. 


Of divers it is called Cyvosbatus, but not properly ; for (yosbatus is the wild Rofe, aswe haue writ- , 
ten : in high-Dutch, 2gemei; in low-Dutch, Bgeemensin French, Rowce : in Italian, Garza: in 
Englith,Bramble buth, and Black-berry buth. 

The fruit isnamed in Latine Morum rubi ;and as Fuchfis thinketh, Vacinixm, but not properly : 
in fhops, Mora Bati . and in {uch fhopsas are more barbarous, Mora Baf » in Enelith , Blacke- 
berries. 

The Rafpis iscalled in Grecke 2#nsinje: in Latine, Rubus Ideus, of the mountaine Ida onwhich 
it groweth : in Englifh, Rafpis, Framboife, and Hinde-berry. 

x @} The Temperature and V ertues. 

The yong buds or tender tops of the Bramble bush, the floures, the leaues,and the vnripe fruit, 
do very much dry and binde withall : being chewed they take away the heate and inflammation of 
the mouth, and almonds of the throat: they ftay the bloudy flix, and other fluxes,and all maner of 
bleedings: of the fame force is their deco étion, with a little honey added. 

They heale the eyes that hang out, hard knots in the fundament, and ftay the hemorrhoids, if 
the leaues be layd thereunto, 

The iuycewhich is preffed out of the ftalks,leaues,and vnripe berries,and made hard inthe Sun, 
is more effectual] for all thofe things. j 

The ripe fruit is {weet, and containeth in it much iuyce ofa temperate heate,therefore it is nor 
vnpleafant to be eaten, 

It hath alfo a certaine kinde of aftriction or binding qualitie. 

Itis likewife for that caufe wholfome for the ftomack,and if a man eat too largely therof, faith 
Galen, he fhall haue the head-ache : but being dried whileft it is yet vnripe it bindeth and drieth 
more than the ripe fruit. 

The root befides that it is binding containeth init much thin fubftance, by reafon whereof it 
wafteth away the ftone in the kidnies,faith Galen. 

Pliny writeth,that the berries and flouresdo proucke vrine,and that the decoétion of them in 
wine isa prefent remedié againft the ftone. 

The leaues of the Bramble boiled inwater, with honey, allum, and a little whiteWine added 
thereto, make a moft excellent lotion or wafhing water to heale the fores in the mouth, the priute 
parts of man or woman, and the fame deco €tion faftneth the teeth. 

The Rafpis is chought to be like the Bramble in temperature and vertues, but not fo much bin- 
ding or drying. The Rafpis, faith D/oféortdes, performeth thofe things which the Bramble doth. 
The fruit is good tobe giuen to thofe that haueweake and queafie ftomacks, 


Cuasr.5. Of Holly Rofes, or Ciftus. 


@| The Kindes. 


Z/tus hath been taken of diuers to bea kinde ofRofe: the old Writers haue made two forts 
thereof, male and female, andlikewifea third fort,which is called Ledwm; the later Herbas 
rifts haue difcouered diuers more,as fhall be declared. 


q 4 general Defiription, wherein all the forts of Ciftus are comprifed. 


I/tws and his kindes are wooddy fhrubs full of branches, of the height oftwo or three cubits : 
fome haue broad leaues, others rough, vocuen, wrinkled, fomewhat downy,and moft like the 
Ieaues of Sage ; although fome haue the leaues of Rofemary,others the forme of thofe of the 

Poplar tree: the floures grow on the tops of the branches, like vnto the wild Rofe, yet fuch as very 
quickly fade, perifh,and fall away : thofe of the maleare moft ofa reddith blew or purple colour ; 
and.of the female white: in their places come vp little heads or knops fomwhat round, inwhich is 
contained {mall feed : the roots of them all are wooddy, ; ; 


r 


There 


| Lis. 3. ~ Of the Hiftory of Plants. ‘ 12 75 


There groweth vp fometimes vnder the fhrub hard to the roots,a certaine excrefcence 0: hypo- 
cift, which isthicke, far, groflé, full of iuyce, without leaues, wholly confitting of many little ca- 


fes or boxes, as do thofe of Henbane or of the Pomegranat tree; ofa yellowith red colour in one. 
kinde, and in another white, and in certaine other greene or grafiie, as Diofcorides faith. 


| The Defiription. 

I Hefirft kinde of Ciffus groweth vp like a {mall buth or fhrub, of awooddy fubfance, 
TT three or foure cubits high,garnithed with many {mall and brittle branches, fer full of 
crumpled orrugged leaues very like vnto Sage leaues:at the top 6fthe branches come 
Houres ofa purplecolour, in (hape like vntua fingle Brier Rofe, hauing leaues fomwhat wrinkled 
like a cloath new dried before it be fmoothed, and inthe midft a few yellow ehiues or thrums : the 
floures for the moft part do perith and fall away before noone,and never ceafe flouring in fuch ma- 
ner from the moneth of May vnto the beginning of September, atwhich time the {eed is tipe, be- 
ing of areddith colour, and is contained in an hard hairie huske not much vnlike the husk of Hen- 

ane, ' 


1 Ciflus mas aneuftifolins, 2 Ciftus mas cum Hypociftide. 
. The male Holly Rofe. The male Holly Rofe with his excrefcence; 
G cs Oj cs rece VArs, 


a im 


QS . 
Se, 


2  Thefecond fort of Cifus, being another kind of the male Ciffus,which Pena calls Ciffus met 
cum Hypociftide, is like vnto the former, but that ftom the root of this kinde there commetha cer- 
taine excrefcence or out-growing, which is fometimes yellow, fometimes greene, and fometimes 
Bis 3 from which is drawne by an artificiall extra@ion acertaine inyce called in fhops Hypo. 
CHL. 

3. This kinde of Céfas hath many wooddy Stalks diuided into diuers brittle branches of a ruf. 
fet colour ; whereon de grow rough leaues fomewhat cut or toothed on the edges, and ofan ouer- 
worne colour: the floures grow on the tops of the branches, in forme of a Muske Rofe, but ofan 
excellent bright purple colour :after which come round knops, wherein is contained {mal reddith 
{eed : the root is tough and wooddy, 

4 This fourth fort of cifus hath diuers wooddy branches, whereon are fet, thicke thruft toge- 
ther,diuers {mal leaues narrow like thofe of Winter Sauorie,but ofan ouerworne ruffet colour:the 
root and floures are like the precedent. 


va . 


3 Ciftas 


Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants, 


~ Dang 


3 Ciftus mas dentatus. 
Toothed or fnipt male Ciftus. 


The female Ciftus., 


aD Ly 


es 


a 


cS Ic sr oe 


Ciftus mas tenuifolius. 


Thin leafed Ciftus. 


7 Ciftus folie Halimi. 
Ciftus with leaues like Sea Purflane. .' 
Costr$ troklrruw ones 


N 


a 


SW) 
NG 7 
AN 


RE INN : 
SY VW 


=. 


y 
S\( 


Lie, 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 277 


5 _Thefirft of the females is like vnto the male Ciftus in each refpect, fauing that the floures 
hereotare ofa white colour, with diuers yellow thrummes in the middle sand the others purple 
wherein confifteth the difference. : 

6 The fecond female of Matthiolws defcription hath many hard and wooddie ftalk s, branched 
with diuers armes or wings :whereon are fet by couples rough hoary arid hairyteaues , of a darke 
ruflet colour: among'which come forth fmall white floures like var6 thofe of the lafmain:theroor 
is tough and wooddy, + This I iudge allone with the former, and therefore haue omitted the f.. 
gure as impertinent, although our Authour followed it, making the Hloure fo little in his de{crip- 
tion. $ F 

t 7  Thefeuenth fort of Ciftus groweth vp to the height of a {mall hedge buth, Hauing di- 
uers brittle branches full of pith : whereon are {ct leaues by couples, like thofe of fea Purflahejthat 
is to fay,foft,hoary,and as it were couered ouer with a kinde of mealineffe :the Houres‘are yellow, 
and leffe than thofe of the former. 


8Gy wes folio Lauandule 9 Ciflus folia Thymi. 
Lauander leaued Ciftus. Ciftus with the leaues of Tyme: 
‘eh Cats Cab y RUS, 
y \« 


aw \SS 


\f 


8 Theeighth Ciftus hath likewife fhrubbie ftalks in maner ofa hedge tree,whereon do grow 
avcertaine diftances diuers leaues clofe ioyned together at the ftalke, like thofe of the former,but 
fomewhat lower and narrower: the floures we haue norexpreffed in the figure, by reafon we haue 
no cettaine knowledge of them. 

9  Thisninth Crftusislikewife a wooddy fhrub fome foot high : the ftalks are very brittle, as 
are all the ret ofhis kinde , whereon dogrow very {mall leaties like thofe of Tyme: the floures 
are white, which maketh it one of the females. 

16 Theloworbafe Ciftus with broad leaues, stoweth likea fimall fhrub, of a wooddy fub- 
ftance : the leaues are many, ofa darke greene colour : the floures are in forme like the other , but 
ofa yellow colour : the rootsare likewife wooddy. 

r1 Thisnarrow leafed low Ciftus hath divers tough branches leaning to the ground,whereon 
do grow without order many {mall narrow leaues fomewhat long, ofa gummy tafteat the fittt,af 
terwards bitter : the floures grow on the tops of the branches, of a yellow colour,confifting of fiue 
leaues, with certaine chiues in the middle; after which follow three {quate cods or feed-veffels:the 
root is tough and wooddy,. 


Ppppp ta The 


3 


a) [tifolins. 


Low Ciftus with narrow leaues. 


Lis 


Of the Hifterie of Plants, 


it Ciftus humilis a 


* 
al 
22 
Ra 
> ear} 
SS 4 
S-3 
a 
= 3 
« OG 
ae 
wa 
oS 
a 


humi 


LOW WUTUS W 


13 Ciflus buwsitis (evpitti folio. 


Low Ciftus with leaues like wilde Tyme. 


fii. 


aca Clu, 


12 Ciflus humilis Auftri 
Low Ciftus of Austria. 


| 
1 


12 Theloworbafe Ciftus of Auftria groweth likewife leaning to the ground , hauing many 
wooddy branches very firme and tough, couered with a blackith barke ;whereon do grow very ma- 
ny rough and hairy leaues in fhape like thofe of the fmall myrtle, ofa fhining greene oa the vpper- 
fide, and of an aftringent tafte : on euery branch ftandeth one floure, feldome two,in forme like the 
other, but confifting of one leafe deeply divided into fiue parts, and ofa white colour tending ta g 
fleth colour. it 

13. This low fort of Ciftus hath many long tough branches trailing vpon the ground,of a red- 
difh colour, whereon do grow {mall leaues like thofe of wilde Tyme, ofa darke green colour, very 
thicke and fat,and fomewhat hairy : the floures grow at the top of the branches, of a yellow gold 
colour, confifting of fiue fmall Icaues of a very fivect fmell. The root is thicke, hard. and 
wooddie. ; i. 

14 This ftrange and rare plant of Lobels obferuation I haue thought méet to be inferted a- 
mong ft the kindes of Ciftus, asa friend of theirs, ifnot one of the kinde : ithath leaues like vnto 
the male Ciftus (the firft in this chapter defcribed) but more hairy,bearing at the top of his bran- 
ches a {mall knop in fhape like a rotten Strawberry, but not of the. fame fubftance; for it is com- 
pt ofa fcaly or chaffie matter fuch asis in the middeft of the Camomill floures, and of atuffet 

our. 


14. Ciffus exoticus Lobelij, 16 Myrtociftus Tho.Pennei Angli. 
Lobels ftrange Ciftus, 5. feat his Ciftus. — 


¥5 This adulterinic or counterfeit or forged Ciftus growes to the height ofa hedge buth : the 
branches are long or brittle, whereon do grow long leaues like thofe of the Willow, ofan ouet- 
worne ruffet colour : the floures are fmall, confifting of fiue little yellow leaues : the whole plant 
being well viewed feemeth tobea Willow,but at the firft fight one of the Ciftus ; fo thar it isa 
plant participating of both: thetoot iswooddy. + Bawhine indges this(which our Author out of 
Tabern, figured and named Ciftus adulterinus ) tobe the Ciftus fet forth in the eighth place of the 
next chapter faue one: but I rather indge it tobe of the Ledum Silefiacum fet forth in the cleuenth 
place of that chapter,and againe in the twelfth,where you may finde more thereof, $ 
16 Thiskinde of Ciftus, which D*. Penny (a famous Phyfitian of London deceafed) did ga- 
ther ypon the Iflands of Majorica or Majorca, and called it by the name meme, in Latine,-Myrto. 
ciftus Balearica, is a fhrub growing to the height ofthree cubits, haning a very rough barke, be-« 
fet roundabout with rough and feabbed warts, which bark wil of it {elfe eafily fall away fromi the ° 
Rg leat a LN) Seay ita elc il Poppe ee old 


LB. 3 j Of the Hiftory of Plants. 12.79 ) 


Seite 


asparee 


old branches or boughes 


Li 8.3. 

ofthe tree. The leaues ofthis tree are almoft like them of Myrtus , very 
roueh vnderneath like the branches aforefaid,but the leaues that grow higher,and toward the top 
of the branches, are {mooth, growing about the branches very thicke’together, as in the other 
kindes of Ciflus. The floures are yellow, growing on the top of the twigs, confifting of fiue long 
Jeauies full of many very long chiues within. When the floures be vaded, there followeth a verie 


long and fiue {quate head or huske fulloff{eed. The whole tree is very fweet, out of which iffucth 
athicke clammy and fat inyce, {uch as commeth forth of thekindes of 


1280 peers “Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


191m or rofine, or rather 


« Lee "On. 


i7 'Fhisannual Ciftus groweth vp from feed with onevpright ftalke to the height ofa cubit, 
oft times Jiniued into other {mall byanches ;whereon grow rough leaves fomwhat long, ofa dark 
reene colour. The floures grow at the top of the-ftalks,confifting of 5 fmall yellow leaues :which 
~ pall. rhere followetla three fquare feed veffell full of {mall reddifh feed. ‘The root is fmal] 


soddy, and periftheth when the feed is perfected. 


+ Ciffus annus. 7 18 Cistus annuus loneifolins Lobelij. 
_. Long leafed yearely Ciftus. 
Cis AAS Deol cChUuS Va =f 


Cl 


18 This other Ciftus that lafteth but one yeare hath long ftalks diuided into other branches 
of the height of two cubits ;whereon do grow long rough leaues, fet three together at certain di~ 
frances, the middlemoft whereof is longer than the other two : the floures grow on the fides ofthe 
branches. like the female Ciftus,of awhite colour : the root is ofa wooddy fubftance,as are all the 
teft of his kinde. 

t 19 This growesfome foot high, with a fquare rough greenifh ftalke, wheréon by couples 
at certaine {paces ftand little longifh rough leaues, yet toward the top of the ftalk they ftand {om- 
times three together : vpon the top of the little branches grow floures like thofe of the other Ci- 
ftus, of colour yellow,with a fine fanguine {pot vpon each leafe of the floure. Icgroweth in fome ; 
parts of France, as alfoon the AlpsinItaly. Clufius defcribes it by the name of Ciffus annuns 2. , 
Ponain his Mons Baldus calls it Ciffus annuus flore guttato. 

20 This hath many flender branches whereon grow {mall roundifhleaues, hoarie, and fome- + 
what like thofe of Marjerome, fomwhat leffe, with the middle rib ftanding out. The foures grow 
vpon the tops of the branches, and confift of fiue white leaues,with a darke purple fpot in the mid 
dle ofeach Jeafe ; the threds in the middle of the floure are of a yellow colour ; their feed-veffels 5 


aa are 
are 


i: Pea AON 
| : Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 128i 


are of the bigneffe of thofe of flax, but three fquare, containing a feed of the bignefe of that oe 
Henbane. Clufivs found this in diuers parts of Spaine, and fets it fortliby the name of Ciffys folio 


Sampfuchi. 


£ 19 Ciftus annuus flore maculato, 
4 il Caen Ciftus, 
Cyns “| utters . 


y q The Place. 

Holly Rofes grow in Italy, Spaine, and Languedoc, and in the countries bordering vpon the ri- 
uer Padus, in all Hetruriaand Mafiiles, and in many other of the hotter prouinces of Europe, in 
dry and ftony places, varying infinitely according to the diuerfitie of the regions where they doe 
grow ; ofwhich I haue two forts in my garden, the firft, and the Cifus apnuus. 

: | The Time. 


They floure from May to September. 

q The Names. 

The Holly Rofe is called in Greeke wes, OF »3.,:in Latine alfo Ciffus, and Rofis {jluatica : of di- 
uers, Rofa Canina, as Scribonius Largus wtiteth, but not properly : in Spanith, E/fepa : of the Portu- 
gals, Ro/élla : in Englith, Holly Rofe, and Ciftus,after the Greeke name. The fungous excrefcence 
growing at the root of Ciftus, is called in Grecke vents, becaufe it groweth ynder the fhrub Ci- 
ftus : itis alfo called Lémodoron : fome call it waios:among whom is Pawlys eAiginetd, who alfo doth 
not call that Hypocifte which groweth vnder the fhrub Ciftus, but the iuyce hereof; whereupon 
might grow the word Hypociffis, bywhich name the Apothecaries call this iuyce whenit is hard- 
ned :offomeit is called Erithavon, Citinus, and Hypoquiftidos. 

q] The Temperature. 

Cittus, as Galen faith, doth greatly dry,nectehand inthe fecond degree, and it isof that cold. 
neffe, that ic hath withall a temperate heate ; the leaues and the firft buds being beaten do only dry 
and binde,in fuch fortas they may clofe vp vl¢ers,and ioyne together greene wounds; 

@ The Vertues. 

The floures are of moft force, which being drunke with wine are good againft thebloudy flix, A) 
weakenefle of the ftomacke, fluxes, and ouerflowings of moift humors. 

They cure putrified vicers being applied in manner ofa pultis : Diofcorédes teacheth that.they B 
area remedie for eating vicers,called:in Greek Niu, being anointed therewith , and that they cure 
burnings, {caldings,and old vIcers, 


PPppP 3 Hypociftis 


1252 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


ee 


———: 


Hypociftrs is much.mote binding ritisa fure remedie for all infirmities that come of fluxes, as 
voiding of blond, the whites, the laske, and the bloudy flix :but if it be requifit to ftrenethen that 
part which is ouerweakned with a fuperfluous moifture, it doth notably comfort and ftrengthen 


the fame. 


It is excellent to be mixed with fomentations that ferue for the ftomacke and liuer: 
It is put into the Treacle of Vipers, to the end it fhould comfort.and {irengthen weake bodies, 


agGMenwriteth.. 44> 


Ee ee 


Cua. 6. Ofother Plants reckoned for dwarfe kindes.of Cittus. 


1. 2. Helianthemum Anzlicum luteum vel album. 
Englith yellow or white dwarfe Ciftus. 


in 3 1 ek 
Lads lr UW € 


LOA 


@ The Defcription, 


I He Englith dwarfe Ciftus,called 
of Lobel, Panax Chironinm (bur 
there is another Panax of Churons 

defeription, which I hold tobe the true and 
right Panax, notwithftanding he hath inferted 
itamongft the kindes of Ciftus , as being in- 
different to ioyne with vs and others for the 
infertion) is a low and bafe plant creeping yp- 
on the ground, hauing many {mal tough bran- 
ches,ofa browne colour ; whereupon do grow 
little leaues fet together by couples, thicke; 
fat,and ful of fubftance,and couered ouer with 
a foft downe : from the bofome whereof come 
forth other leffer leaues : the floures before 
they be open are {mall knops or buttons, of a 
browne colour mixed with yellow ;and being 
open and fpred abroad aré like thofe of the 
wild Tanfie, and ofa yellow colour,withfome 
yellower chiues in the middle : the root is 
thicke, and ofa wooddy fubftance. 

2 The fecond is very like vnto the prece- 
dent, fauing that the leaues are long, and doe 
not grow fo thicke thruft together, and are 
more woolly : the floures are greater, and ofa 
white colour, wherein the efpeciall difference 
confifteth, ‘The roor is like the former. 


Lis. 3° 


Of theFliftory of Plants. 1283 


wooddie,and fomething red. 


4. Helianthemun album Germanicum, The white dwarfe Ciftus of Germanie. 


Cisties sas VMMAWHAS 


mee, &} 


5 Helianthermum Sabaudicum, : 6 Helianthemum anguftifolium. 
Fhe dwarfe Ciftus of Sauoy. Narrow leafed dwarfe Ciftus; 


4 This differeth not from the lat decribed, fauing that the floures hereof are very whive sand 
the others yellow, wherein they efpecially differs 


aes Se 


1284 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis.3. 

5 The Dwarfe Ciftus of Sauoy hath divers tough branches,ofa reddifh colour, very tough 
and wooddy,diuided into diners other branches : wherconare fet {mall leaues, foure together, by 
certain {paces , the floures grow at the top of the branches like thofe ofour yellow Dwarfe Ciftus, 
ofa yellow colour :the root is very wooddie. 

6 This dwarfe Ciftus with narrow leaues,hath very many fmall flexible branches,of a browne 
colour,very fmooth,and ramping vponthe ground ; whereon do grow {mall,long,narrow leaues, 
like thofe of Time of Candie, from the bofome whereof come forth diners other fmaller leaues: 
the floures grow on the tops of the branches,of a bleak yellow colour:the root is likewife wooddy. 

+ 7 ‘Tothefe I may fitly adde two more:the firftofthefe hath creeping ftalks, fome foot or 
two long, blackifh,and diuided into fundry{maller branches: the leaues grow thick and many to- 
gether,fetby couples (though the figure do not wel expreffe fo much:)thefe leaues are {mal,ofthe 
bignes of thofe of Time,thick,green abouc,and whitifh vnderneath,and of a bitter taft : ar the ends 
of the branches grow two or foure floures neere together, very {mall,compofed of fiue little leaues, 
ofa kinde of flefh colour: to thefe fucceed heads opening themfelues when they come to ripeneffe 
into fiue parts,and containing a very {mall feed: the root is hard and wooddie,fending out certaine 
fibres : alfo the branches here and there put forth fome fibres. This plant dryed hath a pretty plea- 
fing {mell. This growes vpon the higheft Auftrian and Styrianalpes, and is fet forth by Clufius by 
the name of Chamaciftus feptimus. : 


£ 8 Chamaciftus Frificus. 
Frifian Dwarfe Ciftus. 


Cauares Ba: rcclied 


We 
SS 
ed SN 
= 
\ 

= \ YES 

3 \ 

Al \a 

3 ye 

3 ) 
3 < 


8 _Thefame Author alfo in his Cure pofterieres giuesvs the hiftorie of this,which he receiued 
with fome other rare plants from ohn Dortman,a famous and learned Apothecarie of Groeningen: 
This little plant is in leafe and root almoft like and neere of the fame bignefle with the Celticke 
Nard, yet the ftalks are vnlike,which are fmall,fet with a few longith leaues, and at the tops they 
carry fiue or fix pretty floures like thofe of Crowfeet,confifting of fix leaues apiece,of a yellow co- 
lour,yet with fome few {pots of another colour,and thefe fet ina double ring about the middle; af- 
ter thefe follow heads or feed veffels with forked tops, filled witha chaffie feed : the whole plant 
fmells fomewhat ftrong. It growes together with Gramen Pernaffz in rotten moorith places about 
avil 8 in the county of Drent.Dertman called this Hirculus Frificus : Clufins addes, qui Chamecifti 
genus. 
gq The 


Cop ne S03 eae 


Lis. 3. Of the Hiftroy of Plants. ~ 4285 


q The Place. 

Their feueral! titles haue touched their naturall countries: they grow in rough, dric, and funnie 

places, in plaine fields and vpon mountaines. ot gig , A 
Thofe of our Englith growing, I haue found in very many places, efpecially in Kent, vpon 

the chalkie bankes about Grauef-end,Southflect,and for the moft part all the way from thence vn- 

to Canturburicand Douer. 


| The Time, 

They floure from July tothe end of Augutt. 

q The Names. 

Tragus calleth dwarfe Ciftus in the high Dutch tongue, epden lope : in Latine, Gratia Dei: 
but there is another herbe calledalfo of the later Herbarifts Gratza Det, which is Gratiola : Valerius 
Cordus nameth it Heléanthemum, and Sols flos,or Sunne floure ; of Chi (iss, Chameacifius, or Dwarfe 
Ciftus. . 

Pliny writeth,that Helianthe eroweth in thechampion countrey Temifcyrain Pontus, and inthe 
mountaines of Cilicia neere to the fea: and he faith further, that the wifemen of thofe countries, 
and the kings of Perfia do annoint their bodies herewith,boiled with Lions fat,a little Saffron,and, 
wine of Dates,that they may feeme faire and beautiful,and therefore haue they called it Helzocatt. 
den, orthe beautic of the Sun: ewatthiolws faith,that Heliant hemum is taken of fome tobe Pamaces 
Chironium,ox Chirens All-heale : but it is nothing likely,as we haue faid. 

q| The Temperature andVertues. 

The faculties and temperature are referred to the kindes of Ciftus, for it healeth wounds, ftan- 
cheth bloud,and ftoppeth the fpittings of bloud, the bloudie flixe, and all other iffues of bloud, 

The fame boiled inwine healeth vicers in the mouth and priuie parts,ifthey be wafhed there- 
with : tobebriefe,it ioineth together and ftrengthneth : which things doe plainely and cuidently 
fhew , that it is not onely like to Ciftus and Ledon in forme,but invertues and facultiesalfo, and 
therefore it is manifeft,that it is a certaine wilde kinde of Ciftus and Lecon, 


Cuap. 7. Of Ciftus Ledon, and Ladanum, 


: q The Kindes. 
P * 
Here be diuers forts of Ciftus,whereof that gummy matter is gathered, called in fhops Lada- 
aumand Labdanum, but vnproperly. 


GQ The Defiription. 


ae \Iftus Ledon is a fhrub,growing to the height ofa man, and fometimes higher; hauing 
many hard wooddie branches,couered with a blackith bark : wherupon do grow leaues 
fet together by couplés,one right againft another like vato wings,of an inch broad,ofa 
blacke fart greene on the vpperiides,and whitifh vnderneath : whereon is gathered a certain clam - 
mie tranfparent orthrough thining liquour, ofa very hot fweet fell, which being gathered and 
hardned,is thatwhich in fhops is called Labdanum : the floures grow at the ends of the branches 
like little rofes,confifting of fine white leaues,euery one decked or beautified roward the bottome 
with pretty darke purplith fpors tending to blacknefle, hauing inthe middle very many yellow 
chiues,fuch as ate in the middle of the Rofe : after come the knaps or feed veffels,full of moft {mak 
reddith feed;the whole plant being dried, eroweth fomewhatwhitifh,and ofa pleafant fmell, the 
which it retaineth many yeares. 

2 The fecond growethlikewife tothe height of an hedge buth, the branches are long,and very 
fragile or eafie to breake,whereon do grow Jeaues greener than any other of his kinde, yet vader- 
neath of a hoarie colour;erowing toward winter to be fomewhat reddith, of a fower and binding 
tafte:the flouresare like the precedent : the formewhercof the Grauer hath omitted, in other re- 
{pets like the former. : 

3. Thethird fort of Ciftus Ledon groweth vp to the height of a fmall hedge buth,hauing ma- 
ay twiggie branches, whereon do grow leaues like thofe of the Poplar tree, fharpe at the point, co- 
uered ouer with that clammie dew that the others are:the floures grow at the tops of the branches, 
ofawhite colour like the precedent, % bums ent, : 


4 The 


12.869 Of the Hiftory of Plants: Lis.3. 


5 Ciftus Ledon 1.Clufy. 2 Cistus ledon 2,Clufy. 
The firft Ciftus bringing Ladanum, ., The fecond gum Ciftus. 
cshis 2 ar dloni fers. Cis M8 fpolrelipy brs, aus | 


vi 
ify 


“ZW 


q 3 Ciftus ledon populea fronde. Ciftus ledow 4.Clufy. 
' hid *  Ciftus Jedon with leaues like the Poplar, ‘ Chis aes Of Clufius. 
vm al : ‘ e 


. } 
Cigh AS Couns $ 


TAN 
: Rare’ | 
&) “anitine il 

Ne 


at 


Lisi ze Of the Hiftorie of Plants. % 87 


5 Ciffus Ledon 5.clufi. 6 (iftus Ledon 6 Clufy. 


The fiftCiftus Ledon,.| The fixth Ciftus Ledon. 
Costes Mrorrsoelrerns i$. Bout Weed irk 


- 


7 Ciflus Ledon 7.Clufy. 8 Ciftus Lede cum Hypociftide Lobely. 
The 7.Ciftus Ledon, The 8. Ciftus Ledon, with hisexcretcence: 


1238 
9 Ciftus Ledon 10.Clafz. 
_ The 10,Ciftus Ledon, 
Cvs tis unr reQlafis. 


UME 
\ 


gs Ciftus Ledum Silefagun. 
~~ The Polonian Ciftus Ledon, 
. y «4 


asta \" JA or ote - 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Li BZ. 


to Ciflus Ledow Myrtifolinns, 
Ciftus Ledon with leaues like. Myrtle’ 


4 The fourth of Clufius defcription graw2 
eth likewife tothe height ofa fhrubby buth, 
hauing many branches, flexible, hoarie, and 
hairic : the leaues are like the reft of his kind, 
but fofter,more hairy,ofa fivart green colour, 
dafht ouer with that dewie fa tnefle,not onely 
inthe fpring time,bur inthe heat of Sommer 
likewife: the floures are white, with yellow 
thrums inthe middle: the reft anfwereth the 

_laft defcribed. 

5 The fift growethvp likea hedgebufiz 
with many tough branches ; whereonare fet 
long rough leaues, hoarie vnderneath, fome- 
What dafht ouer with that fattie dew or hus 
mour that the reft are poffeffed of: the floures 
are likewife of awhite colour, with certaine 
yellow chiues in the middle: the root is 
wooddie, 

t 6 The fixthhath diuers {mall bran- 
ches couered witha blacki(h bark:the floures 
are fet together at the tops of the branches by 
ccrtaine {paces: they are yellow,and like the 
former ineach tefped. : 

"7. The feuenth is alow fhrub growing to the 
height of two cubits,hauing many branches 
couered with a barke of the colour of afhes ; 
Whereon are confufedly fer diuers leaues at 
certaine diftances ,fmall,narrow, like thofe of 
winter Sauory,of an ouerworne ruffet colour, 
very thick,fat,and glutinous: the floures are 
white,& differ not, nor the feed from the reft. 


8 The 


Lie. 3. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. = “3286 


8 wTheeighch ro veth vp like alittle hedge bath,’ hauing leaues like the common female Cie 
/fkus, (auing chic chofeof this plantare {princkled ouer with that clammy moitture, and the other 
‘not fo: the Houres and feed are alfo like. From the root ofthis plantcommeth fuch like cxcref= 
cence called Lim) doron,arobanche, or Hypoci/tisas there doth from the firft male Ciftus, wherein it 
| differeth from all the ref vnder the name Ledon. 

9 Theninth hath diuers brittle ftalkes of an ath colour tending toa ruffer; whereon are fer 
very many leaues like thofe of Thyme,of an ouerworne colour: the floures are white, with certaine 
_ yellow chiues in the middle,which the grauer hath omitted in the figure, 

10. Thetenth groweth vp likea {mall fhrub, hauing brittle ftalkes, couered with ablackith 
_barke, and diuided into divers branches ; whereon are fet vpon fhort truncheons or fat foorftalkes> 
| foure or fiue like thofe the Myrtle tree, of a ftrong {mell : the floures are likewife of a white co- 


lour. 


13 Ciffus Ledum Matthioli. 


12 Ciftus Ledums Rorifmarini folio. q 
Ciftus Ledonof matrhiolws defcription. 


Ciftus Ledon with leaues like Rofemarie. 


SLi Ne LOS STEIN SF ar ent 


AS’ 


lei 
mn 


MING 


rr. 2, The twelfth kinde of Ciftus Ledon groweth vpright with a ftraight body or ftocke, 
bringeth at the top many {mall twigs or rods of a cubit long,couered with abarke of the colour of 
afhes,which diuide themfelues into other branches,of a purplith colour,befet with long and nar- 
row leaues, not much vnlike to Rofemary, but longer ; of a greene colour aboue, but vnderneath 
hauing as it were a long rib, made or compact of wooll or downe ; of a {weet and pleafant fmell, 
and fomewhat fharpe in tafte';on the tops of the branches grow knops or heads,compact as it were 
of many {calés,ofan iron or ruftie colour : out of which commeth and proceedcth a cetaine round 
and ‘long mance, or hairy, panickled tuft of floures, with many long, tender, greene, and fomewhat 
woolly ftalkes Or twigs growing vnto them, of a fweet fent and fmell: the floures confift of fine 
littléwhite leaues, within which are contained ten white chiues with a long ftile or pointal in the 
mid@ ofthe foure: when the floures be vaded, there fuccced long knops orheads which are fiue 
dbigneffe like vnto the fruite and berries of Cornus;which being greene, are 
luer {pots, but being ripe, are of a red colour ; conteining within them a 
long yellow feed,which is fo {mall and flender, that it is like tothe duft or powder that falleth out 

ofworme holes. £ This isthe Leduim Silefiacnm of Clufius,and the Ledum Rorifmarini folio of Taber 
namontanus:itisalfothe Rofmarinum (ylucitrc of catatthiolus sand Chamapeuce of Cordus sand Lam 
. Q49999 deceiued 


cornered, in fhape an 
Befpeckled with many fi 


t 


“4290 ie Of the Hiflorie of Plants. Letpi3 


deceiued if the figure which T abernamontanus and our Author out of hinygaue by the name of Ci 
fiws adulterinus, were not of this. £ ft 

13 Among the fhrubby bufhes comprehended vnder the title of Ciftus Ledum,Matthiolus hath ¢ 
{et forth one, whereof to write at large were impoffible,confidering the Author is fobricfe, and.of 
our felues we haue hot any acquaintance with the plant it felfe: Diofcorides to helpewhat may be, 
faith, that itis a fhrub growing like vnto the ftocke or kindred of the Cifti « from whofe leaues:is ‘ 
gathered aclammy dew which maketh that gummie matter that isin fhops called Lapdanum it’ 
groweth,faith he,in hot regions (but not with vs: )the Mauritanians call the juice or clammy mat- 
ter,Leden,and Laden : of fome, Ladano,and Odano : in Spanifh, Xara cand further faith, it groweth in 
Arabia,where the buth is called Chafus ‘thus much for the defeription. + Our Author here feems 
to make Dio/corides to comment vpon Matthiolus, which fhewes his learning, and how well he was 
exercifed in reading or vnderftanding any thing written of Plants. But of this enough ; The plane 
here figured which cMatthiolus iudges to be the true Leadon, or Cistus Ladanifera of Diofcortdes,hath 
large ftalkes and branches, whereon grow very thicke leaues, broad alfo and long, with the fiérues 
running along ft the leaues, the floure of this confifts of fiue white leaues,and the feed is contained 
ina three cornered feed veffel. $ 


14 Ci/tus Ledum Alpinum Clufij $015 Ciftus Ledon folys Rori{marini. 
The Mountaine Ciftus. Rofemary leaued Ciftus Ledon. 


TT 


). LZ 
: or cm ‘ | 
Z " p : 


ae 


14 The foureteenth Ciftus,being one of thofe that do grow vpon the Alpith mountaines 
which Lobel fetteth downe to be Balfamum alpinum of Gefner :notwith {tanding I thinke it not amiffe 
to infert it in this place,hauing for my warrant that famous Herbarift Carolus Clufius : 
one of beautifulleft,differing in very notable points,and yer refembleth them in the w 
ches and leaues:itrifeth vp hauing many weake branches leaning to the ground 
fubftance,couered ouer with an afh coloured barke: the Jeaues are broad, and very rough,ofa fhi- 
ning greene colour,and a binding tafte:the floures grow at the tops of the branches like little bels 

; 3 


hanging downe their heads, diuided at the lips or brims into fiue dinifions,ofa deepe red color on 
the out fide,and dafht ouer here and there with fome filuer fj 


! ere ar pots;on the infide ofa bright fhinine 
ed colour, with c e a i i 8 ‘the 
red colour, ertaine chiues in the middle, and ofa very {weet fmell, as is all the reft of the 


plant; afterwhich come {mall heads or knaps,full of feed like duft. ofa very frone ff <j 
the head of them toake that {mel thereto:the root is long, hard,and very Coyote eae 


found 


this plant is 
ooddy bran- 
yet of a wooddy 


= : eo par ga ar 
Lii3.- -Of the Hiftory of Plants: 12.91 
98 SIE ET EST Oe aie e Satna on ee eee 
found vpon the tranke or naked patt ofthe ftalks certaine exerefcences,or out-growing’s in manner 
- of galls,ofa fungous fubftance, like thofé of Touchwood, white within, and red without, of an a- 
ftringent or binding tafte. ' 

¢ 15 This growes {ome cubiteand better high and hath long narrow glutinous leanes like 
in fhape to thofe of Rofemarie,fet by couples, but not very thick : the branches whereon the floures 
do grow are flender, and the feed veffels are diuided into fiue parts as in other plants of this kinde, 
This Clufiws found in Spaine,and fets forth for his Ledum nonum +. 

VERE a\ay ig The Place, 

Ciftus Ledon groweth in the Ifland of Candie, as Bellonius doth teftifie,in vatilled places cuery 
where : it is alfo found in Cyprus,as Pézmy {heweth,and likewife in many places of Spaine that lie 
open to the Sun : moreouer both the forme and bignefie of the leaues, and alfo of the plants them- 
felues,as well of thofe that bring forth Ladazum,as the other Ciftus,do varie in this wonderful ma- 
her,according to the diuerfitie of the places and countries where they grow ; they are ftrangers in 
thefe Northerly parts,being very impatient of ourcbldclymate. ~ 

‘ : ; P Ai big @ The Time. 

They flonte for the mit part from May to the’end of Auguft:the clammie matter which falloth 
¥pon the leaites,which is a liquid kinde of Rofen of a fweet {mell,is gathered in the Spring timeé'as 
Diofcorides faith: butas Petrus Bellonins affirmeth(being an eye witnes of the gathering) in the midft 
of {ommer,and in the extreme heat of the Dog-daies,the which in our time not without great care 
and diligence,and as great labour, is gathered from the whole plant (with certain inftruments made 
in manner of tooth pickes, or eaté pickes,which in their tongue they call £rga/tir’) and not gathe- 
red from the beards of Goats,as it is reported in the old fables of the lying Monks themfelues,cal- 
led Calohieros,that is tofay Greekifh Monkes, whoof very mockerie haue foifted that fableamong 
others extant in their workes. 

¢ I tchinkeir not amiffe forthe better explanation of the matter here treated of,as alfo to fhew 
you after what manner our Author in diuers places gaue the teftimonies of f{undry Writers,and 
how well he vnderftood them, here to fet downe in Englith the words of Bellonzus concetning the 
gathering of Ladanwm,which are thefe. f The Greekes (faith he) for the gathering of Ladanum,pro- 
uide a peculiar inftrument which in their vulgar tongue they terme Ergaftiré: This is an inftrument 
like toa Rakewithout teeth,to this are faftened fundry thongs cut out of a raw and yntanned hides 
they gently rub thefevpon the Ladanum bearing flirubs, that fo rhe liquid moifture concrete about 
the leaues may fticke tothem,which afterwards with kniues they fhauc off thefe thongs in the heat 
oftheday. Wherefore the labour of gathering Ladanum is exceeding great, yea intolerable, fee- 
ing they mu ft of neceffitie {tay in the mountaines all the day long in the greateft heat of the Dog- 
daies : neither vfually {hall you finde any other who will take the paines to gatherit, befides, the 
Calohieroi.that is the Greeke Monkes. Itis gathered no where in the whole Ifland of Candy in 
greater plenty,than at the foot of the mountaine Ida at a village called Cogualino , and at Milo- 
potamo, F] 


eR 


a 


¥ 5 
Pe He 
: 4 i 
, 
i 


q The Names. 

The thrub it felfe is called in Greeke wm, or at :the Latines keep the name Ledon or Ladon,and 
isa kinde of Ciffus or Hollie Rofes : the fat or clammie matter which is gathered from the leaues, 
isnamed Ladanon and Ledanon,according tothe Greeke : the Apothecaries corruptly call it Lap- 
danum : Diofcorides counteth that to be the beft which is fiweet of {mell, and fomewhat greene, 
that eafily waxeth foft, is fat, without fand, and is noteafily broken, but very full of Rofine or 
Gumme. 

©} The. Temperature. 


Ladanum,faith Galen,is hot in the later end of the firft degree, hauing alfoa little aftri@iueor bine 
ding qualitie; it is likewife ofa thin fubftance,and therefore it fofteneth, and withall doth mode- 
rately digeft,and alfo concod. : 

qi The Vertues, 


 Ladanum hath a peculiar property againft the infirmities ofthe mother, it keepethhaires from Al 
falling. for it wafteth away any fetled or putrified humourthat is at their roots. ‘ 
_ Diefcorides faith,that Ladavem doth bind;heat, fouple,& open,being tempered with wine,Myrrhe, B 
and oile of, Myrtles,it keepeth haires from falling being’ annointed therewith ; orlaiedon mixed ~ 
with wine,it maketh the markes or {ears of wounds faire and wel! coloured. 

Ittaketh away the paine in the eates ifit be powred or dropped therein,;mixed with honied wa- C 

ter,or with oile of Rofes, ii! ; 

_Afume made thereof draweth forth the afterbirth, and taketh away the hardneffe ofthema- D 
trix. 


-— Qq9992 It 


1292 Of the Hiftory of Plants: Lt3.3. 


E It iswith good fuccefle mixed with mollifying plaifters that mitigate paine, 
E Being drunke with wine,it ftoppeth the laske,and prouoketh vrine. ; us 
G There is made hereof diuers forts of Pomanders ,chaines, and bracelets, with other fiveets mix. 
ed therewith. 


Cuar. 8° Of Rofemarie. 


| The Defcription. 


I Ofemaric is a wooddie fhtub, growing oftentimes to the height of three or foure cui- 
bits,efpecially when it is fet by a wall : it confifteth of flender brittle branches,wher- 
ondo grow verie many long leaues,nartow,fomewhat hard,ofa quicke {picy tafte,whi- 

tifh vnderneath,and of a full greene colour aboue, or in the vpper fide, witha pleafant {weet {trong 
fmell ; among which come forth little foures of awhitith blew colour: the feed is blackith: the 
roots are tough and woody, 


1 Rofimarinum Coroxarinns, 2 Rofmarinum fyluefire. 


Garden Rofemarie. ‘ Wilde Rofemarie. 


ie ee 


2 ihe wilde Rofemarie Clufius hath referred vnto the kindes of Ciftus Ledon.we haucas 2 
stan f pi pape paths thereof inferted it in the next place, in kinred or neighbourhood at the leaft. This 
i} ia € : fo) as is a {mall wooddie fhrub,growing feldome abouea foot high, hauing hard bran- 

i 5 apts ; st ith folousdisiding themfelues into other fmaller branches of awhitith color:wher- 
| placed without order diners long leaues,greene aboue, and hoarie vnderneath, notvnlike to 


thofe of the dwarfe Willow,or the common Rofemarie,ofa drie and aftringent tafte,of little fmel 


to) : ‘i ¢ : 2 
Tae i ornoneatall : the floures ftand onthe tops'of the branches;fet vpon bare or naked foot{talks, con- 


i pape ofte {mall leaues ofa reddith colour,fomewhat fhining; after which appeare little knaps 
ull of fmall feed : the root is toughand wooddie. ¥ 


3. This plant grows vp like an hedge fhrub ofa wooddie fixb ftance,to the height of two or three 


Cubits; 


Lie z ; Of the Hifteorie of Plants. 12.93 


| cubits; hauing many twiggie branches of a 


| 3 Cafia Poetica,Lobeli. 
The Poets Rofemarieor Gardrobe. 


green colour:wherupon do grow narrow leaues 
like vnto Linaria or Toad-tlax,of a bitter tafte; 
among which come forth {imal moffie floures, 
ofa greenifli yeliow colour like thofe of the - 
Cornell tree, and of the fmell of Rofemarie: 
which hath mouedme to placeit with the Rofe- 
maries as a kinde thereof, not finding any other 
plant fo neere vnto it in kinde and neighbour. 
hood : afterthe floures be paft, there fucceed 
fruit like thofe of the Myrtle tree, greene at the 
firft,and of a fhining red colour when they bee 
ripe, like Corall,or the berries of A/paracus foft 
and fweerintafte, leauing a certaine acrimo- 
nie or fharpe tafte in the end : the ftone within 
is hard as is the nutwherein is contained a {mal 
white kernel, fiveet in taft:the root is ofa wood- 
die fub {tance : it floureth inthe Sommer ; the 
fruit is ripe in the end of October: the people 
of Granade, Montpelier,and of the kingdom of 
Valentia,doe vfe it in their preffes and Ward- 
robes,whereupon they call it Guardalobo.+ This 
in Clufiushis time when ke liued about Mont- 
pelier was called ofjris , but afterwards they 
called it Cafia, thinking it that mentioned by 
the Poet Virgil; the which it cannotbe, forit 
y hath no fweetfmell. Penaand Lobel indge it to 

J ; : be the Cafiaof Theophraftws, wherewith alfo it 
dothnot well agree. t 

| The Place, 

Ist Rofemarie groweth in France,Spaine,and in 

i other hot countries ; inwoods, and in yntilled. 
places: there is fuch plentie thereof in Languedocke, that the inhabitants burne f{carce any 
other fuell ; they make hedges of it inthe gardens of Italy and England,being a great ornament 
vato the fame: it growerh neither inthe fields nor gardens of the Eafterne cold countries ; but is 
carefully and curioufly kept in pots,fet into the ftoues and fellers,againft the iniuries of their cold. 
Winters, 

Wilde Rofemarie groweth in Lancafhire in diuers places , efpecially in a field called Little 
Reed,amongit the Hurtleberries, neere ynto a {mall village called Maud{fley;there found by a Icars 
ned Gentleman often remembred in our hiftorie(and that worthily) M'. Thomas Hesketh, 

The Time. 
Rofemarie floureth twice a yeare,in the Spring,and after in Auguft. 
The wilde Rofemarie floureth in lune and Iuly. 
gq The Names. 

Rosemarie is called in Greeke x cewns gam vanes: in Latine, Rofmarinus Coronaria + it is fiirnamed 
Coronaria,for difference fakebetweene it and the other Libanotideswhich are reckoned for kindes of 
Rofemarie,and alfo becaufe women haue been accuftomed to make crownes and garlands thereof; 
in Italian, Rofmarino coronario : in Spanith, Romero: in French and Dutch Rofinarin. 

Wilde Rofemarie is called Rofisarinus [ylueftris :of Cordus ,Chamapence. 

| The Temperature. 

Rofemarie is hor and drie in the fecond degree,and alfo ofan aftringent or binding quality, as 

being compounded of divers parts,and taking more of the mixture of the earthy fubftance, 
The Vertues. 

Rofematie is giuen againf all fluxes of bloud;it is alfo good ,efpecially the floures thereof,for A 
all infirmities of the head and braine,proceeding ofa cold and moift caufe; for they dry the brain, 
quicken the fences and memorie,and ftrengthen the finewie parts. 

Serapio witnefiech,that Rofemarie is aremedie againft the ftuffing of the head, that commeth B 
through coldneffe of the braine,ifa garland thereof be putabout the head , whereof Abin catefnai 
giveth teftimonie. 

Dioftorides teacheth that it cureth him that hath the yellow iaundice,if it be boiled inwater and © 
dtunk before exercife,$ that after the taking therof the patient muft bathe him(felfe & drink wine. 


Q4999 3 The 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lin. 3. 

D_ Thediftilledwaterof the floures of Rofemarie being drunkeat morning and evening firft and 
Jaft,taketh away the ftench of the mouth and breath, and maketh it very {weet,ifthere be added 
thereto , to fteep or infufe for certaine daies, a few Cloues, Mace,Cinnamon, anda little Annife 
feed. 

E The Arabians and other Phyfitions fucceeding do write, that Rofemarie comforteth the brain 
the memorie,the inward fenfes,and reftoreth fpeech vnto them that are pofleffed with the dumbe 
palfie, efpecially the conferue made of the floures and fugar,or any other way confedcted with fy. 
gar,being taken cuery day fafting. 

The Arabians,as Serapio witneffeth,giue thefe properties to Rofemarie : it heateth, fay they,is 
of fubtill parts,is good for the cold rheume which falleth from the braine, driueth away windines, 
prouoketh vrine,and openeth the ftoppings of the liuer and milt. 

Tragus writeth that Rofemarie is {pice in the Germane Kitchins,and other cold countries. Fur: 
ther,he faith,that the wine boiled with Rofemarie,and taken ofwomen troubled with the mother, 
orthe whites, helpeth them, the rather if they faft three or foure houres after. 

The floures made vp into plates with fugar after the manner of Sugar Rofet and eaten, comfort 
the heart,and make it merry,quicken the fpirits,and make them more linely. 

The oile of Rofemarie chimically drawne,ccmforteth the cold,weake and feeble braine in moft 
wonderfull maner. 

-  Thepeople of Thuringia do vfe the wilde Rofemarie to prouoke the defired fickneffe. 

Thofe of Marchia v{c to put it into their drinke the fooner to make their clients drunke,and alfa 

do put it into chefts and prefles among clothes,to preferue them from mothes or othervermine. 


1294 


+ The vertues inthetwo laft places properly belong to the Rofmarinum /lueftre of Adattbsol se wt 


v nich isthe Chamepeuce of Cords, andis deferibed inthe t1.plae 
ofthe foregoing Chapter by the name of Gftas Ledum S.lefiicien Chiral aa coe 


Cuar. 9. Of Vpright Wood-binde. 


ih x Periclymenum rectum S abandicum, 


2 2 Periclymenum rectum Germanicum 
Sauoy Honifuckles. : 


Germane Honifuckles. 
Af grnict Le Gan lé 


COS lLELEN WL 


ee 
WK 


SS 


Line Of theHiftory of Plants: 12.95 


@ The Defcription. 


ra His ftrange kinde of Hony-fuckle, found in the woods of Sauoy, reprefents vatovs that 
fhrab or hedge-buth called Cornus femina, the Dog-berry tree, or Pricke-timber tree, 
hauing leaues and branches like the common Wood-binde, fauing that this doth not clamber or 
clymbeas the others do, but contrariwife groweth vpright, without leaning to one fide or other, 
like a {mall tree or hedge-bufh: the floures grow vpon the tender fprayes or twiggie branches, by 
couples, not vnlike in fhape and colour to the common Wood-binde,but altogether leffer, and of 
a white colour, hauing within the fame many hairy chiues like the other of his kinde : after which 
come red berries ioyned together by couples : the root is tough and woody. 

2 The ftalkes of the fecond be oftentimes ofa meane thickneffe, the wooddy fubftance fom- 
what whitith and foft : the branches be round, and couered with a whitith barke, notwithftanding 
in the beginning when the {prayes be yong they are fomewhat reddith. The leaues be long, like 
thofe of the common Hony-fuckle, foft, and of a white greene : on the lower fide they bewhiter, 
and alittle hairy : the floures be leffer than any of the Wood-bindes,but yet of the fame fafhion; 
and ofa whitith colour, ioyned together by couples vpon féuerall flender foot-ftalkes, like little 
wilde Cherries, ofa red colour, the one leffer oftentimes than the other. 


3 Periclymennm rectum fructu caraleo. 4, Periclymenum rectum fructu rubro. 


Vpright Wood-binde with blew berries. Cherry VVYood-binde. 


3 This ftrange kinde of Wood-binde,which (arelus Clujivs hath fet forth in his Pannonicke 
Obferuations,rifeth vp oftentimes to the height ofa man,euen as the former doth ; which diuides 
it felfe into many branches, couered with a rough blacke barke, that choppeth and gapeth in fun- 
drie cleftsas the barke of the Oke. The tender branches are of awhitifh greene colour , couered 
with a woolly hairineffe, or an ouerworne colour, whereupon do grow leaues fet by couples one a- 
gainft the other, like vnto the common Wood-binde, of a drying bitter tafte : the floures grow by 
couples likewife, of a whitifhcolour. The fruit fucceedeth,growing like little Cherries,each one 
on his owne foot-ftalke, of a bright and fhining, blew colour; which being bruifed , doe dic the 
hands ofa reddith colour,and they are of a fharpe winie tafte, and containe in them many final} 
flat feeds. The root is wooddy, difperfing it felfe farabroad, “4 laa 

A This 


a 


Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. = 18,3, 


4 This kind of vpright Wood.bind groweth vp likewife to the height of a man,and oftentimes 
more high, like to the laft deferibed, but altogether greater. The berries hereof are very blacke, 
Hue wherein efpecially is the difference. + The leaues of this areas largeas Bay leaues, fharpe poin- 

: ted; greene aboue, and whitith vnderneath, but not hairy, nor fnipt about the edges: the floures 
ath grow by couples, ofawhitith purple,or wholly purple : to thefe paires of floures there commonly 
any fucceeds but one berry, larger than any of the former, of the bigneffe of a little cherry,and of the 
a eR fame colour,hauing two marks vpon the top therofwhere the floures ftood. ¢ 


Periclymeni 3. cr 4. flores. 5 Chamapericlymenurs, 


Dwarfe Hony-fuckle. 


Catbs 45 icntiishs : 


The floures of the third and fourth, 


Gq 


5 Tothekindes of Wood-bindes this plant may likewife 
defcription was fent vnto Clufius long fince by that learned Do 
our London colledge of famous memorie:) it rifeth vpwitha ftalke of a foot high ; whereupon 
are fet by couples faire broad leaues one right againft another, ribbed with certaine nerues like 

‘ i thofe of Plantaine, fharpe pointed, and fomewhat hollowed in the middle like Spoon-wort : from 
ae | the bofome of which leaues come forth {mall floures,not feene or defcribed by the Author : after 
which commeth forth a clufter of ted berties,thruft hard together as thofeof Aaron or priefts pint. 


The root is tough and very flender, creeping far abroad vnder the vpper cruft of the earth,whereby 
at occupieth much ground. 


hl | : q The Place, 
; iq Thefe plants are ftrangers.in England ; they grow in the woods and mountaines of Switzerland, 
| 


erty. Sauoy, and other thofe parts tending to the Eaft, Eaft North-Eaft, and Eaft and by 
Naa if) 4") outh, 


sil Thauea plant of the firftkinde in my garden : the reft as yet Ih 
| | not write fo liberally thereof as I could with. 
+ Thedwarfe Hony-fuckle growes in the mariti 


bereferred,whofe piG@ure with this 
Gor in phyficke Thomas Penny (of 


aue not feene, and therefore can- 


4 ; Me parts of Norway and Sweden, & the coun- 
ey i tries thereabout. + 
\ all @, The Time. ; 

er eh __ They floure for the moft part whenthe others do, that is to fay in May and Iune, and their fruit 
is ripe in September, 


q The 


oT a 


12.97 


"Lie. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


The Names. 

Vpright Wood-binde or Hony-fuckle is called Periclymenum tans, and Periclymenum rectum, of 
| ypright Wood-binde: of Dodonaus, Xyloftewm : in high-Dutch, Ponds kitlen, that is to fay, Ca- 
| num Cerafa, or Dog Cherries. The Englith names are expreffed in their feuerall titles. It hath bin 
| called Chamacerafus, but not truly. 
| q] The Temperature and Vertues, 

Touching the temperature and vertues of thefe vpright VWood-bindes, we haue no experience 

at all our felues, neither haue we learned any thing of others. d 


Cuar, 10: Of Sene, 


Sena folijs obtufis, @| The Defcription, 
Italian Senes 


| syne 


Ene bringeth forth ftalksa cubit high, fet 
with diners branches : the leaues are long, 
winged, confifting of many fmall leaues 

like thofe of Liquorice, or of baitard Sene: the 
floures come forth of the bottom of the wings, 
of colour yellow, ftanding vpon flender foot- 


fA L -/ ftalks ; from which after the floures be gone 
ones psa ; 
CRT hang forked'cods,the fame bowing inward like 


Wd ahalfe-moone, plain and flat, in which are con- 
tained feeds like to the feeds or kernells of 
grapes, ofa blackifh colour. The foot is flen- 
der, long, and vnprofitable, which perifheth 
when the leaues are gathered for medicine, and 
the feeds beripe, and muft be fowne againe the 
next yeare, euen as we dacorne. 

There is another kinde of Sene growing in 
Italy, like the other ineach refpe&t,fauing that 
itis greater, and hath not that force in purging 
that the other hath. 

qq) The Place and Time, 

This is planted in Syria and Egypt, alfoin 
Italy, in Prouince in France,in Languedoc, It 
hardly gtoweth in high and low Germany, nei- 
ther in England : it profpereth in hot Regions, 
and cannot away with cold ; for that caufe it is 
in Italy fowne in May, and continueth no lon- 
ger than Autumne:the beft is brought from 
‘Alexandria and Egypt, The Arabians were the 
firfk thar found it out, 


We 


q| The Names. 

The Petfians call it AbalZerner, as Ate/ne his copy teacheth :the Apothecaries Seva, by which 
name itwas knowne to U4 éfvariws the Gkecian, and to the later Latines : it is called in Englith, 
Sene. 

q The Temperature. 

Sene is ofa meane temperature, neither hot nor cold, yet inclining to heate, anddry almoft in 
the third degree : it is of a purging facultie, and that by the ftoole, in fuch fort as itis not much 
troublefome to mans nature, hauing withall acertaine binding qualitie,which it leauethafter the 

urging. 
pee " The Vertnes. 

It voideth forth flegmaticke and cholericke humors, alfo groffe and melancholike, ifit be hel- 
ped with fomething tending to that end. 

It isa fingular purging medicine in many difeafes, fir for all ages and kindes. 


A 

Tt purgeth without violence or hurt, efpecially if it be tempered with Anife feed or other like 
feet fmelling things added, or with gentle purgers or lenitiue medicines. It may be giuen in 
pouder, but commonly the infusion thereof 1s vied. 


The 


D 


tr 


i) 


= 
EN gp 


«OF the Hiftory of Plants. 


ev} 
I29 3 


The quantitic of the pouder is a dram weight, and if the infufion, foure, fiue,or more. It may be 
mixed in any liquor. : i 

It is in the decoStiom or in the infufion tempered with cold things in burning agues and other 
hot difeafes : incold and long infirmities it is boyled with hot opening fimples and fuch like; or 
elfe it 1s fteeped in wine, in which manner, as familiar to mans ature, it draweth forth gently by 
the ftoole, almoft without any kinde of paine, crude and raw humors, 

Mott of the Arabians commend the cods, but our Phyfitions the leaues rather ; for vnleffe the 
cods be full ripe they ingender winde,and caufe gripings in the belly. For they ate oftentimes ga- 
thered before they be ripe, and otherwife eafily tall away being fhaken downe by the wind,by rea- 
fonof their weake and flender ftalks, 

Some alfo thinke that Sene is hurtfull to the ftomacke, and weakneth the fame,for which caufe 
they fay that Ginger or fome fweet kinde of {pice is to be added , whereby the ftomacke may be 
flrengthned. Likewife -4fe/ue noteth that. ie”is flow in Operation, and therefore Salgem is to be 
mixed with it. Morcouer, Sene purgethgét fo {peedily as ftronger medicines do, 

Notwithftanding it may be helpednét only by Salgem,butalfo by other purging things mixed 
therewith, that is to fay with fimplémedicines, as Rubarb, Agaricke, and others 3and with com- 
pounds, as that which is called €atholicon,or the Ele Quarie Diaphenicon, or that which is made of 
the inyce of Rofes, or fome other, according as the condition or qualitie of the difeafe and of the 
ficke man requireth. 

The leaues of Senearca familiar purger to all people,but they arewindie,and do binde the bo- 
die afterwards, very much difquicting the ftomack with rumbling and belching : for the auoiding 
of which inconuenience there muft be added Cinnamon, Ginger, Annife feed, and Fennell feed, 
Raifins ofthe Sun,and fuch like that do Breake winde,whichwill the better help his purging qua- 
litie. 

Sene doth better purge when ic is infufed or ftceped,than when it is boyled : fordoubtleffe the 
more it is boiled the leffe it purgeth, and the more windie it becommeth, 

Take Borage, Bugloffe, Balme, Fumitorie,of cach three drams, Sene of Alexandria very wel pre- 
pared and pouned,two ounces, ftrow the pouder vpon theherbes and diftill them : the water thar 
commeth thereof referue to your vfe to purge thofe that liue delicately, being miniftred in white 
wine, with fugar, in condited confe@ions,and fuch dainty waies, wherein delicate and fine people 
do greatly delight : you may alfo(as was {aid before)adde hereunto according to the maladie, di- 
ucrs purgers, as Agaricke,Mirobalans,&c. 

The pouder of Sene after it iswell prepared two ounces, of the pouder of the root of Mechoa- 
can foure drams, pouder of Ginger, Anife feeds,of cach a littlea {poonfull of Anife feeds, buta 
very little Ginger, anda modicum or fmall quantitie of Sa/ gemma : this hath beene proued ave.. 
tie fit and familiar medicine forall ages and {exes. The patient may take one {poonful or two ther- 
of fafting,citherin potrage,fome {upping in drink, or white wine. This is right profitable to draw 
both fleemeand melancholy from the breft and other parts. 

The leaues of Sene and Cammomil are put in baths towafh the head. 

Sene opens the inward parts of the body which are ftopped, and is profitable againit all griefes 
ofthe principall members of the body. 

Take Sene prepared according to art one ounce, Ginger halfa quarter ofan ounce, twelue cloues, 
Fenell feed two drams, ot in ftead thereof Cinnamon and Tartar, ofeach halfe a dram, pouder all 
thefe ; which done,take thereof in white wine one dram before fupper, which doth maruelloufly 
purge the head. 

Handle Sene in maner aboue {pecified,then take halfe aa ounce thereof,which don,adde there- 
to fixty Raifins of the Sunne with the ftones picktout, one fpoonfull of Anife feeds braied ; boile 
thefé in a'quartof ale till one halfe be wafted,and while it is boiling put in your Sene : Jet it fand 
fo till the morning,then ftraine it,and put ina little Ginger : then take the one halfe of this potion 
and put thereunto two fpoonfulls of fyrrup of Rofes : drinke this together, I meane the one hal fe 
of the medicineat one time, and if the patient canot abide the next day to receiue the other halfe, 
then let it be deferred vntil the third day after. 

Sene and Fumitorie (as Rafis aftirmeth) do purge aduft humors, and are excellent good againit 
{cabs,itch,and the ill affection of the bedy, 

If Sene be infufed in whey, and then boyled a little, it becommeth good phyficke againft me- 
lancholy,clenfeth the braine and purgeth it, as alfo the heart, liver, milt,and lungs, caufeth a man 
tolooke yong, ingendreth mirth, and taketh away forrow : it cleareth the fight, ftrengthneth hea- 
ting, and is very good again{t old feuers and difeafes arifing of melancholy, 


+ There were former 
feauesthanthe Sena [ralic 


ischapter, which differed oncly in. thar the firltywhich was the Sene Oriental, hadleffer, narrower, and fharper pointed 
ond, 


C war. 


| pre ~ Of the Hiftory of Plants. 199 


Cuarsu. Of baftard Sene. 


q The Defcription, 


I Cnet and Sene be fo neere the one vnto the other in fhape and fhew, that the vaskilful’ 


Herbarifts haue deemed Colutea tobe therightSene. This baftard Sene is a fhrubby 
plant growing to the forme of a hedge bush or fhrubby tree : his branchesare ftraighr, 
brittle, and wooddy ;which being carelefly broken off, and asnegligently prickt or ftucke in the 
ground, will take root and pro{per at what time of the yeare foeuer it be done; but flipr or cut, or 

planted inany curious fort whatfoeuer, among an hundred onewill fearcely grow : thefe boughes 

or branches are befet with leaues like Sena or Securidaca, not much vnlike Liquorice:among which 
come forth faire broome-like yellow floures, which turne into {mall cods like the fownd of a fith 

ora little bladder, which will make a cracke being broken bétweene the fingers : wherein are con- 
tained many blacke flat feeds of the bigneffe of Tares, growing vpon a {mall rib ox finew withit- 
the cod ; the root is hard, and ofa wooddy fubftance, 


x Colutea, 2 Colutea Scorpioides. 
Baftard Sene. ; Baftard Sene with Scorpion cads., 
q ‘ 
2 A 


Y), Rt GOVAy 
ANN Ne VAL 


& 


oa 


Ss 
Y, 


PEN 
GZ 


2 Baftard Senewith Scorpion cods is a fmall wooddy fhrub or buth,having leaues,branches,and 
floures like vnto the former baftard:Sene, but leffe ineach refpeé : when his {mall yellow floures 
are fallen there fucceed little long crooked cods like the long cods or husks of Matthiolus his Scor- 
pivides ,whercof.it tooke his name ; the root is like the root of the Box trec,or rather refembling the 
roots of Dulcamara or Bitter-fweet, crowing naturally in the fhadowie woods of Valenain Nar- 
bone ; whereof I haue a {mall plant in my garden,which may be called Scorpion Sene. 
The low or dwarfe Colutea of Clufins defcription, hath a thicke wooddy root couered with a 
yellowith barke,with many fibres anexed thereto,which bringeth forth yearely new fhoots,where- 
by it greatly encreafeth, ofa cubit anda halfe-high,fmooth, and ofa greene colour; whereon doe 
erow leaues compofed of fix or fenenleaues, and fometimes nine, fetvpona middlerib likethofe 


of the common kinde, ofa flipticke tafte, with {ome fharpnefleor biting : the floures oN oe 
; ender 


a 


= ee 


Of the Hitter 


“B00 : 


3 Coluteafcorpioides humilis, 


Dwarfe baftard Sene, 


ES 
AX 


ING 


eo 


5 Colutea minima, five Coronille. 


The {malleft baftard Sene. 


1 
WW 
“y 
TH 


ie of P lants, 


4 Colutea fcorpioides montana Clu ifij. 
Mountaine baftard Sene. 


we as 


peu 
axdR. 
ae, gt 
y 


Sees 


flender foot-ftalkes, long and naked like thofe 
of the Peafe, and of a yellow cogour, of little or 
no {mell at all, and yet that little nothing plea~ 
fant: after which come forth long cods, where- 
in is contained fmall feed like thofe of the 
Strangle Tare. 

4 This mountaine baftard Sene hath ftalks, 
leaues, and roots like the laft defcribed. The 
floures grow on the tops of the branches in ma- 
ner ofa crowne ; whereupon fome haue called 
it Coronilla : in fhape like thofe of the peafe,and 
of a yellow colour : the cads as yet we haue nor 
feen,and therefore not expreffed in the figure. 

5 This {mall baftard Sene groweth like a 
fmall fhrub creeping yponthe ground, halfe a 
cubit high, bringing forth many twiggic bran- 
ches, in maner of rhofe of the Spanith broome; 
wherupon do grow leaues like thofe of Lentils 
or the Strangle Tare,with many {mal leaues {et 
vpon a middle rib,fomew hat fat or full of iuice, 
of the colour of the leanes of Rue or Herbe- 
gtace,of an aftringent and vnpleafant tafte : the 
floures grow at the tops ofthe branches, of a 
yellow colour, in fhape likethofe of the fmalleft 
broome: after which come little crooked cods 
like the clawes or toes of a bird, wherein is con- 
tained feed fomwhat long,blacke, and ofan vn. 
fauorie tafte : the root is long, hard, tough, and 
ofa wooddy fubftance. 

6 There 


Lt. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. : 


6 There is alfo found another fort hereof, not much, differing from the former, fauing thar 
this plant is greater ineach re{pe&, wherein efpecially confifteth thedifference. ¥ 

gq The Place. 

Colutca or baftard Sene groweth in diuers gardens, and commeth vp of feed 3 it quickly com- 
meth to perfeétion,infomuch that ifa fticke thereof be broken offand thruf into the ground, it 
quickly taketh root,yea although it be done inthe middle of fummer,or at any other time,cuen as 
the fticks of Willow or Elder,as my felfe hauc often prooued ; the which bring forth foures and 
fruit the next yeere after, Sees’ 

The fecond with Scorpion cods groweth likewife in my garden: the laftdorh grow in diuers 
‘barren chalky grounds of Kent towards Sittinbourne, Canturbury, and about SouthAcet ; 1 haue 
nor feene them elfewhere : the reft are ftrangers in England. : 


@ The Time, o 
“They floure from May till fummer be well fpent, in the meane feafon the cods bring forth ripe 


feed, ; 
The Names, j 
This fhrub is called of T heophraftus in Greeke xvurs With the diphthong » in the fecond fil- 
fable: in Latine,as Gaza expoundeth it, Coloutea or Colutea: in high Dutch, npelfeh tinfen: in 
French,Baguenaudier: they are deceiued that thinke ittobe Seva, orany kinde thereof , although 
we haue followed others in giving it toname Baftard Sene, which name is very vnproper toit : in 
low Dutch itis called Syewe boom ¢ and we may vie the famename Sene tree,in Englith. 
This Calutea,or baftard Sene, doth differ from that plantwwn«with v in the fecond fyllable, of 
which Colytea,T heophraftus writeth in his third booke. + The fifth is the Polye als Valentina of Cty- 


ius. $ 
ft q The Nature and Vertues. 
Theophraftws, neitherany other hath made mention of the temperature or faculties in working A 
of thefe,plants,more than that they are good to fatten cattell,efpecially flecepe. 


Saag 


+ There were formerly in the fifth and fixth placeshere two figures no waics different, bue hat which was in the fécch place way Jitdelstgersand Zeit wl 
which he putsin his fcou,aues this was divided beeweenc themsfor as you fee, (olites wmins,fise ( oremilla, was ougrin the filth and Colurea,five Polygala Valentina 
Cafe) was ouer che fixth- 


a Se 


Cuar.i2. Of Liquorice. 


G The Defcription. 


i TH firft kinde of Liquorice hath many wooddy branches, rifing vp ro the height of two 
or three cubits, befet with leaues of an ouetworne: greene colour, confifting of 

many fmall leaues fet vpon a middle rib, like the leanes of Colstea,orthe Maftich tree, fomewhat 
glutinous in handling : among which come {mall knops growing vpon fhort ftems betwixt the 
Icaues and the branches, cluftering together,and making a round forme and fhape: out of which 
grow {mall blew floures,ofthe colour of an Englifh Hyacinth ; after which fucceed round,rough, 
prickly heads, confifting of diuers rough or fealy huskes clofely and thicke compa together; in 
which is contained a flat feed: the root is ftraight, yellow within,and brownewithout : of a fweet 
and pleafant tafte. 4 

2 Thecommon and vfuall Liquorice hath ftalkes and leaues very like the former, fauing thar 
his leaues are greener and greater,and the floures ofa light fhining blew colour :but the floures of 
this are fucceeded by longifh cods that grow not fo thicke cluftring together in round heads as 
the former,but {pike fafhion, or rather likethe wilde Vetch called Onobrychu,or Galeza : the cods 
are {mall and flat like vnto the Tare: the rootsare of a brownith colour without,and yellow within 
like Box, and fweeter in tafte than the former. 


ay The Place. 


Thefe plants do grow in fundry places of Germany wilde, and in Franceand Spaine, but they 
are planted in gardens in England, whereof I haue plenty inmy garden : the poore people of the 
North parts of England do manute it with great diligence,wherby they obtain great plenty there- 
ofreplanting the fame once in three or fonre yeares. 

h q The Time. 

Liquorice foureth in Tully, and the'{eed is ripe in September. 

Rrrer © Thi 


oz Of theHiftory of Plans.) 


I a te Echinata Diofcoridis. £ 
edge-hogge Licori¢e. ‘ 


pf 


eG / 
NAW BZ f 
ZR iy i} 
SSA Z 


oF 
4 


7 
; @ The Names, 


The firft is called in Greekeinwite: in Latiie, Dulcis Fadix, or fweet Root: this Licorice is not 
knowne either tothe Apothecaries orto the vulgar people : we call it in Englith, Diofcorides his 
Licorice. 
Itis moft euident that the other is Glycyrrhiza,or Licorice : the Apothecaries call it by a cor- 
; tuptword,Liquirstia : the Italians, Recalitia the Spaniards, RegeliZaand Regalitia: in high Dutch, 
Sushots, Sulsiourtsel: in French, Re oliffe,Raizaliffe,and Regliffe:in low Dutch, Calliffiehout, 
fuethouts in Englith, common Licorice : Pliny calleth it Scythica herba: it is named Scythice of the 
countrey Scythiawhere irgrowerh. 
@ The Temperature, 
The Nature of Diofcorides his Licorice,as Galen faith,is familiar to the temperature of ourbo. 
dies,and fecing it hath a certaine binding quality adiomedy the temperature thereof fo muchas is 
hoc and binding, is {pecially ofa warme buality, comming neereft ofall to.ameane temperature ; 
{ - befides, for that itis alfo fweer,it is likewife meanely moift, 
For as muchas the root of the common Licorice is fweet, itis alfo temperately hot and moitt 3 
notwithftanding the barke thereof is fomething bitter and ‘hot, but this muft be fcraped away;the 
j freth root when it is full of juicedoth moiften more than'the dry. 
: : | The vertues. 
Hae . ) A Theroot of Licorice is good againft the rough harfhneffe of the throat and breft ; itopeneth 
bis) the pipes of the lungs when they be ftuffed or (topped, and ripength the cough,and bringeth forth 
TR) 1 flegme. 
at fi B __Theiuice of Licoricemade according to Art,and hardned intoa lumpe, which is called Succus 
Liquiritie, ferueth well for the purpofes aforefaid, being kolden ynder the tongue, and there fuffe- 
: red to melt. eles ic : 
Lik C~ Moreouer,with the juice of Licorice ,Ginger,and other fpices,there ismade a certaine bread or 
coer "hy ya cakes: called Ginger-bread,which is very good againft the cough, and all the infirmities of the 
lungs and breft.: which is caftinto moulds,fome of one fafhion, and fome of another. 
ay D The iuice of Licorice is profitable againft the heate of the ftomacke, and of the mouth. 


The 


13,035 
| The fame is drunkewithwine of Raifons againft the infirmities of the liner and cheft, feabs or £ a 
| fores of the bladdet, and difeafes ofthe kidneyes. 
Being melted vnder the tongue it quencheth chirft : it is good for greenewounds being layed F 
| thereupon, and for the ftomacke if it be chewed. ‘ 
The decoction of the freth roots ferueth for the fame purpofes. G 
But the dried root moft finely poudered is a fingular remedie for a pin and a web in the eye,ific H 


| be ftrewed thereupon. pee very i : 
| Diofcorides and Pliny alfo report,that Liquorice 1s good for the ftomack and vicers ofthe mouth, I 


being caft vpon them. ae 4a 

It is good againft hoarfeneffe, difficultie of breathing, inflammation ofthe lungs, the pleurifie, K 
{pitting ofbloud or matter, con{umption or rottennes of the lungs, all infirmities and ruggednes 
of the cheft. 

Ittakes away inflammations, mitigateth and rempereth the fharpneffe and faltnes of humors, L 
concoteth raw humors, and procureth eafie {pitting. 

The decoétion is good for the kidnies and bladder that are exulcerated. 

Itcureth the ftrangurie, and generally all infirmities thar proceed of fharpe,falt,and biting hu. M 
mors. f 
Thefe things concerning Liquorice hath alfo Theophraftus : vix, that with this and with cheefe N 
made of Mares milke the Scythians were reported to be able to line eleuen or twelue dayes. 

The Scythian root is good for fhortneffe of breath, fora dry cough,and generally forall infir © 
mities of the cheft. 

Moreouer,with honey ithealeth vicers, it alfo quencheth thirft ifit be held inthe mouth : for p 
which caufe they fay that the Scythians do liue eleven or tweltie dayes with itand Hippace, which 
is cheefe made of Mares milke,as Hippocrates witneffeth. 

Pliny in his twenty fifth booke, chap. 8. hath thought otherwifethantruth, that Hippace isan Q 
herbe focalled. 


Boththe figures formerly were of the firft de(cribed, 


L Law x Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


$$$ __—_-—— 


Cuar. 13. Of Milke Trefoile or Shrub Trefoile. 


@ The Kindes. 
ss ie be divers kindes or forts of the fhrubby Trefoile, thewhich might very well haue pafled 
among the three Ieaued Graffes, had it not beene for my promife. in the proeme of our firft 
part, That inthe laft booke of our Hiftory the fhrubbie or wooddy plants fhould be fet forth,eue- 


rie oneas neere as might be in kindred and neighbourhood. 
G] The Defcription. 


tor He firft kinde of Cyti{us or thrubby Trefoile growes to the forme of a {mall fhrub 

orwooddy buth two or three cubits high, branching into fundry {mall boughes 

orarmes, fet full ofleaues like the {mall Trefoile, darke greene, and not hairie, 

three growing alwaies together : among thefe come forth fmal yellow floures like them of French 
Broome, which doe turne into long and flat cods, containing {mall feee of ablackifh colour. 

2 The fecond kinde of Gytifus is likewife a {mall fhrub, in fhape after the manner of the for- 
mer, but that the whole plant is, altogether {maller,and the leaues rounder, fer together by cou- 
ples, and the fmall cods hairy at theénds, which fets forth the difference. + The leaues of this 
are almoft round, and grow three together clofe to the ftalke: they are {mooth, of a frefh greene, 
and the middlemoft leafe of the thee is the largeft, and ends in a fharpe point : the floures are of 
the bigneffe and colour of the Trifolium corniculatum : it flouresin May. = 

3 Therootof this third kinde is fingle, from whence {pring vp many fmooth brittle ftalks di- 
uided into many wings and branches, whereon grow greene leaues {maller than thofe of medow 
Trefoile : the Aoures are yellow, leffer than Broome floures, orherwife very like, growing about 
the tops of the twiggie branches,diuided into {poky tufts :which being vaded,there follow thinne 
long narrow cods, leffer than thofe of the Broome, wherein is contained fmall blacke feed. The 
root is long, deeply growing into the ground, and fometimes waxeth crooked in the earth. This 
alfo hath fmooth green leaues,and differs little (ifany thing at all) from the firft defcribed,where- 
fore I thought it needleffe togiuea figure. Our Author called it Cyti{ws filiquofis,Codded thrub 


Trefoile,becaufe one of the branches was fairely in the figure expreft with cods; I know no other 


reafon, for all theCyrifiare codded as well as this. ¢ ; 
Me Pe Rirrr 2 ‘ = The 


penne ieee 


1304 es Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 1B 3. 


1 Cytifus. 2 Cytifus, 
The firt fhrub Trefoile, The fecond fhrub Trefoile, 


iy 


Vp 


es HY 


eh 
Geeta, 


| H ie : 
ai 4. Cytifis hirfutas. 5 Cyidlasincanus. 
: Hairy t{hrub Trefoile, Hoary fhrub Trefoile, 
- 
i 
es 
: a ; i 
A 4 
rie] iq 


> i 
Tn 8 a 


Bats 3. ] Of the Hiftory of Plants; 


1305 


4 - The fourth kinde of cyti/as hath a great number of finall branches and ftalkes like the for- 
mer, but it isa lower plant, and more woolly ; whofe {talks and branches grow not very high, but 
yet very plentifully {pred about the fides of the plant: the leaues are greater than the former, but 
leffer than thofe of medow Trefoile : the floures grow c lofe together, as though they werebound 
vp or compa¢t into one head or {pokie tufe fomewhat greater than the former: the cods are alfo 
greater, and more hairy :the root groweth very deepeinto the ground, whereuntoare adi syned a 
few fibres: it falleth out tobe more hairy orwoolly in one'place than in another,and the more hai- 
rieand woolly that itis, the whiterat waxeth ; for the roughneffe bringeth it‘a certain whitify co- 
jour. + The branches of this oft times lic along vpon the ground:the leaues are {mooth and 
greene aboue, and hoarie vnderneath : the floures yellow, which fading fometimes become orange 
coloured : the cods are round, and feeds brownifh. + \ 

5 Thefifth kinaeof cy/zs groweth to the height of acubit or more , hauing many flender 
twiggy branches like Braome, ftreaked and very hard: whereupon grow leaues very like Fenu- 
greeke, yetall hoary, three together : from the bofome.of which, or 


betweene the leaues and the 
ftalkes, come forth yellow floures very like Broome, Spartwm or Peafe,but fmaller: the cods be like 
vato Broome cods, of an afh colour,but flenderer,rougher,and flatter in the feneral cels or dinifj- 
ons whercofare contained bright fhining feeds like the blacke feeds of Broome: all the whole 
plant is hoarie like RA.wwaus or Halymus. 


6 Oytifis Pitnatus 7 Cytufus 7. Cornutus. 
Winged fhrub Trefoile. The Horned fhrub Trefoile. 


6  Thefixth kinde of cysi(us orbuth Trefoile groweth to the height ofa tall man, with long 
ftalkes couered ouer with a blackith barke, and a few boughes or branches,befet or garnifhed with 
leaues like the common Trefoile, but fmaller, growing alfo three together, whereof the middle- 
moft of the three leaues is twice as long as the two fide eaues ; the vpper fide whereof is green,and 
the lower fide fomwhat reddith and haivie : the Aoures crow along the ftalks almoft from thebot- 
tome to thetop, ofa golden yellow colour, fathioned like the Broome floure,but greater than any 
ofthe reftofhis kinde,and of a reafonable good fauour : the feed hath the pulfic tafte of CA 

inde, and ofa reafonable good favour: the feed hath the pulfie tafte of Cicer, 
The feuenth kinde of cytfis hath many touzh and hairy branches rifine from a wooddie 
pens i LTRS Om aE) Eres aly COUR P= aL en 
root, foure orfiue cubits high, which are diuided into fundry finaller branches befet with leanes 
like the medow Trefoiles ; among which come forth yellow Houres like Broome, that turne into 


Rrirr 3 crooked 


me 


=< 


———— 
SSAI , - 


Seige a See 


= 


; 
a 
ae, 
a } { 
yi) 
t | { } 
7 
‘ . i 
: j 
2 yt ab 
Vi i ‘ 
K ; i 
wee 1, i 


nn 


1306 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Li B.3. 


8 Cytifus 8. 9 Cytifus adulterinus, fine Alyffon fruticans, 
The cighth fhrub Trefoile, Baftard fhrub Trefoile. 


@ The Place. 


Thefe plants were firftbrought into Italy and Greece from one of the Ifles of Cyclades, called 
Cyntho or Cynthufa, and fince found in many places of France,as about Montpelier, Veganium, 
and other places : they are ftrangers in England, though they grow very plentifully in Scotland,as 
itis reported ; whereof I haue two forts in my garden, that is to fay, Cyti/us Maranthe,ox the hor- 
ned Cytifus, and likewife one of the {malleft, that is to fay, the third innumber, + The fecond 
groweth in the garden of M*. John Tradefcant. $ 

q| The Time. 

Thefe plants floure for the moft part in May, Iune, and Iuly,and fome after : the feed is ripe in 
September. ; 

The Names, 

The Grecians and Latines docall this fhrub wn-:, of Cynthufa an Ifland before mentioned, in 
which place they are in great eftimation for that they do fowonderfully feed catrell, and encreafe 
milke in their dugs, nourith fheepe and goats, which bring yong ones good for ftore and increafe, 
One Author doth call thefe plants in Greeke xv», that is to fay in Latine Fecundum fenum, fertile 
or fruitfull Hay, for that the kindes hereof caufe milke to encreafe,maketh good bloud and iuice, 
augmenteth ftrength, and multiplieth the naturall feed of generation : they may be called in Eng- 
lifh,milke Trefoile, of the ftore of milke which they encreafes 
7 a The 


Lin. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


@ The Temperature. 

. The leaues of milke Trefoile do coole,as Diofcorides writeth ; they aflwage fwellings inthe be- 
ginning, if they be ftamped and laid vnto them with bread: the deco@tion thereof drunke prouo- 
keth vrine : Galen teacheth,that the leaues of Milke Trefoile hauea digefting or wafting qualitie 
mixed with awaterie and temperate facultie,as haue thofe of the Mallow. 

@) The Vertues. 

Women, faith Columella, ifthey want milke muft fteepedry milke Trefoile in fairewater, and A 
when it is throughly foked,they muft the next day mixa quart or thereabouts of the fame preffed 
or ftrained forthwith a little wine,and fo let it be giuen vnto them todrinke, and by that meanes 
they themfeluesfhall receiue ftrength,and their children comfort by abundance of miike. 

Hippocrates reckoneth vp Milk-Trefoile among thofe things that encreafe milke,in his booke of B 
the Nature of women, and of womens difeafes. . f 

Alfo Ariffomachus of Athens in Pliny,commandeth to giue with wine the dry plant,and the fame C 
likewife boiled in water,to nurfes to drinke when their milke is gone, 

Democritus and Ariftomachus do promife that you fhaltwant no Bees, if you haue milke Trefoile D 
for them to feed on: for all writers with one confent do conclude (as Galen faith) that Bees doe ga- 
ther of the floures of Milke Trefoile very great ftore ofhonie. 

Columella teacheth , that Milke Trefoile is notable good for hennes,Bees, Goats, Kine, andall E 
kinde of Cattell which quickely grow fat by eating thereofjand that it yeeldeth very great ftore of 
milke. ; : . te *. 

The people of Beticaand Valentia (where there is great ftoreof Cyt ifus) doevfe itvery much F 
forthe Silke Worms to hang theirweb vponafter they haue been well fed with the leaues ofMul- 
berries. , , : zat 

Milke Trefoile is likewife a maruellous remedie againft the Sciatica, and all other kindes of G 


1307 


-gouts. 


T The defeription that formerly wasin the firft place belonged to that deferibedand figured In the feuenth. 


Cray, Of Baftard <M ilke-T refotles. 


| The Defcription. 


T His rifech vp with little ftalks from the root,brittle, very many in number, parted into 

wings and branches,about which grow many leaues lefler than thofe ofthe medow Tre- 

foile,of colour greene :the floures about the tops of the twigs be orderly placed in maner like ears, 

of colour yellow, lefler than thofe of broom,otherwife all alike:in their places grow vp {lendercods 

long,narrow,and leffer than the cods of Broome: rough alfoand hairy ; inwhichdo lie little blac- 
kifh feeds: the rooris long,and growcth deepe,and oftentimes creepeth aflope. 

»  The-fecond kinde of baftard Milkc-Trefoile is like vnto the former in plentifull ftalkes and 
twigges,butthat it is lowerand more downie ; neither doe the ftalkes thereof ftand vpright, but 
rather incline to the one fide:the leaues alfo are fomewhat greater, but yet leffer than thofe of the 
medow Trefoile, wholly white, and they neuer open them {elues out,but keep alwaies folded with 
the middle rib {tanding out:the floures likewife be clofelier ioined together, and compacted as it 
were into a little head,and be alfo fomething greater : thecods in like manner are a little bigger 
and hairy,and ofa blacki(h purple ot mutrey :the root groweth deepe in the ground, being diuided 
intoa few {pris ; itoftentimes happeneth to grow inone place more hairie or downie than inano- 
ther : the more hairie and downic itis,the more white and hoatic it is ; for the hairineffe doth alfo 
bring with ita certaine whitith colour. 

3. Thethird kinde of baftard Milke Trefoile bringeth forth a companic of young fhoots that 
are fomewhat writhed and crooked, long leaues ofa faire gteenecolour: the floures are clofed to- 
gether,long white,or elfe galbincous, fiveetly fmelling,that is to fay,hauing the {mel ofhonie: the 
fhrub it felfe is alwaies greene both Sommer and Winter.' This gtowes fome foot or better high, 
with flender hoariebranches,fet with leaues three {tanding together vponavery fhort ftalke, and 
the middle leafe is as long againe as the other two ; they are very white and hoarie, and the yellow 
floures grow-out of the bofomes of the leaues al! alongft the ftalks. This is that mentioned in the 
vertues Of the former chapter at F for the Silke wormes toworke vpon, + 

4 The fourth fhrub is likewife one of the wilde kinde,though in face and ftature like the mas 


nured 


as a aa = = 


1308 Of the Hiftory of Plants: Uhaeh 3. 


1 Pfeudocytifus x. 2 Pfeudocytifus 2. 
‘The firft baftard fhrub Trefoile, ‘The 2.baftard fhrub Trefoile, 


wii 
. 
; . 3 Cytifus femper vir si Sg eas 4 Pfindocytifus hirfutus, ee 
| The euer-greene fhrub Trefoile, The hairie baftard tree Trefoile, 
7 
{ 
i 
i] 
4 { 
i - a : 


A ms nn it 


a ee a 


Lip, 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 13.09 


nured Cytifas : It groweth vp like a {mall fhrub ot hedge buth to the height of two or three yards ; 
| on whofe branches do grow three rough or hairie leaues, fet vpon a flender foot-ftalke, of a graffe 
| greene colour aboue,with a reddith hairinefle below : the foures grow aloneft the ftalks from the 
muddle to the toppe, of a bright fhining yellow colour : the toot is likewife wooddie, 
af | The Place. 
Thefe kindes of Milke Trefoiles are found in Morauia, fo called in our agt,which in times paft 
was named (At arcomannorum prouincia,and in thé vpper Pannonia,otherwifé called Auftria,neere to 
high waies,and in the borders of fields; for they feeme after a fort to ioy in the fhade. + Thefe grow 
(according toC/n/izs)in findry parts of Spairie, + 

The Time. 


They floure efpecially in Iuneand Iuly, 

@ The Names. 

It is euident enough that they are baftard kindes of Milke Trefoiles,and therefore they may be 
called and plainly termed Pfeudocytifi,or badtard Milke Trefoiles, or Cyrifi fylueftres, that is to fay, 
wilde Milke Trefoiles. 

| The Temperature and Vertues. 
Whattemperature thefe fhrubs are of,or what vertues they haue we know not, neither haue wee 


as yet found outby our owne experience any thing,and therefore they may be referred tothe other 
Mulke-Trefoiles. 


Cuar. 15. Of the venomous Tree Trefoile. 


4 ¥ Dorycninum Mon/pelienfium. 2 Dorycnium Hifpanicum. Ee 
The venomous Trefoile of Montpelier. The venomous Trefoile of Spain; 


@ The Defcription., 
I 5 tone tree Trefoile of Montpelier hath many tough and pliant ftalkes, twoor 
three cubits high,diuided into fundry {mall twiggie Draunches,befet with leauesthree 
Bie nis} ea ES a at PE eogether 


scene SN = 


A 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L 12.3. | 


rogether,placed from ioint to ioint by fj paces,fomewhat hoarie,very like ynto the leaues of Cytifies; 
or Rue: among which come forth many {mall moffie white floures, tuft fafbion,in {mall bundles 
like Nofe-gaies, and very like the floures of the Oliue or Oke tree,which turne into {mall roundifh 
bladders,as it were made of parchment : wherein is contained blacke feed like wilde Lotus, but in 
tafte like the wilde tare : the whole plant is of an vnfauorie fmell, the root is thicke,and ofa wood- 
die fubftance, . : et asco 

2 The Spanifh venomous Trefoile hath a wooddie ftalke,rough and hoary,diuided into other 
{mall branches, whereon do grow leaues like the precedent: the floures grow on the tops of the 
branches,whereon do grow leaues like thofe of the Peafe,and ofa yellow,or rather greenifh colour, 
wherein it differeth from the precedent, 


1310 


@ The Place. 
Thefe venomous Trefoiles grow in Narbone,on the barren and ftonie craggie mountaines, at 
Frontignana,and about the fea coafts,and are ftrangers in England. 
@ The Time, 
They flourifh from May to the end of Iune. 
q The Names. 

Dorycninm,or symm, is that poifonous or venomous plant wherewith in times paft they vfed to 
poifon their arrow heads,or rather weapons,thereby todothe greater hurt vnto.thofe whom they: 
did affaile or purfue, whereupon it tooke his name: great controuerfie hath been among Herba- 
rifts what manner of plant Dorycainm fhould be; fome faying one thing, and fome another: which 
controuerfies and fundry opinions are very well confuted by the true cenfure of Rondeletivs , who 
hath for a definitiue fentence fet downe the plant deferibed for the true Dorycnium,and none other, 
which may be called in Englifh, Venomous tree Trefoile. + Thefe plants do not fufficiently an- 
fwer tothe defeription of Dofcorides, neither cat any one fay certainly, that they are poifonous. £ 

@| The Temperature. 

Dorycniumis very cold,without moiftning. 

; @ The Vertues. 

Venomous Trefoile hath not one good qualitie that I can readeof,but itis a peftilentvenomous 

plant,as hath been faid in the defcription. 


- 


3 The figures were formerly tranfpofed, 


Cuar.16. Of the fhrub Trefoile called alfo Makebate: 


lemonium five Trifolium fruticans. « The Defiription. 

Shrubby ee aloe lafmine, His thrubby plantealled Polemonium,hath 
we many wooddie twigges,gtowing vnto the 
SMW height of foure or fiue cubits,hauing {mal 
) twiggie branches,ofa darke green colour, gar- 

nifhed with {mall leaues of a deepe greene co- 
lour, alwaies three ioined together vpon little 
foorftalks, like the Cytéfus buth,orthe field Tre- 
foile, but fmaller : the floures be yellow ; and 
round, diuided into fiue or fix parts, not much 
vnlike the yellow Jafmine, which hath cau- 
fed many to callit yellow lafmine, euen vnto 
this day : when the floures be vaded, there fuc- 
ceed {mal] round berries as bigas a Peafe, ofa 
black purplith colourwhen they be ripe,which 
being broken will die or colour the fingers like 
Elder Berries : within thefe berries are contai 
neda {mall flat feed, like vnto Lentils: the root 
is long and fmall, creeping hither and thither 
vnder the earth, putting forth new fprings of 
fhoots in fundry places,whereby it wonderfully 
increafeth. 


q The Place. 

It groweth plentifully in the countrey of 
Montpellier at New Caftle vpon the drie hills, 
.and hot banks of the Oliue fields,and in the fto- 
“ny fields and wood of Gramuntium |: itgrowes 
in my garden,and in other Herbarifts gardens in 

' England. 
q The 


“Linge | OfithebiforyphRlans. = gg 


q The Time. 3 heal Leash ae 

It floureth in Sommer : the feed is ripe in Autumne, the fhtub irfelfe is alwaics oreetic, and 
hatha lafting root. J 

q The Names. 

Moftdo call it cytéfus,but we had rather name it Trifolium fruticans : for it doth not agree with 
Cytifus or Milk-Tr efoile asin the chapter before it is plaine enough by his defeription, vnleffe irbe 
Cytifus Marcelli, or Marcellus his Milke-Trefoilewith which peraduenture it might be thought to 

_ haue fome likeneffe,if the floures which are yellow were white,or galbineous, that is to fay,blew. 

There be diuers alfo thattake this Trefoile to be Polemoninm, {orafmuch as the leaues hereof 
feeme to be fomewhat like thofe of common Rue, but Polemoninm hath nor the léafe ofcommon 
Rue,otherwife called Herb-grace but of the other, that is to fay,of S. lohins Rue: it is called in En- 
glith,thrubby Trefoile, or Make-bait. 

ep. gq The Temperature. 
Polemoninm is of temperature dry in the fecond degree, with fome Acrimonie or fharpneffe. 
: aa @) The Vertues. 

This fhrubby plant hath fo many fingular and excellent vertues contained in it,thatfome haue 4 
called it by the name Chilrodunaves,that is,hauing an hundred properties. 

It is very cffe@uatt againft the ftinging of Scorpions,and (as fome write) ifamanholditin his p 
hand,he cannot be hurt with the biting of any venomous beaft. 

Being taken in vineger it is very good for thofe that are {pleneticke,and whofe fpleen or Milt is 
affe&ed with oppilations or toppings. 

Ifthe root be taken inwine it helpeth againft the bloudy ftix, it prouoketh vrine being drunke 
with water, {coureth away grauell,and eafeth the paine and ache called the Sciatica, 


Cuap.17. Of Broome,and Broome Rape. 


1 Genifta, 2 Rapum Genifte,five Orobanche, 
Broome. — é : Broome Rape,or Orobanch. 
Sp 4 GOO Ve Le 0 lo ONL AE 


NWS ANU 
\ CoN 


1312 


+ Orobanche Monfpeliace flo. oblong is. 
Long floured Broome Rape. 


Nn, 

"Os 

$ Ovobauche ranse/s. 
Branched Broome Rape, 


PUSS 


aay 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


— Las.3 


} Orobanche flore maiore. 
_Great pas Broome Rape. 


LOL ONG 


Connrka- 


@ The Defcription. 


5 Roome is a buthor fhrubby plant, it 
hath ftalkes orrather weoddie bran- 
ches; fromwhich do fpring flender 

twigs, cornered, ereene,tough, and that be eafi- 
ly bowed, many times diuided into {mall bran- 
ches : about which do grow little leaues of an 
obfcure green colour,and braue yellow floures. 
and at thelength flatcods,which being ripeare 
blacke ,.as be thofeof the common Vetch, in 
which do ie flat feeds, hard, fomething brow- 
nifh,and Jeffer than Lentils:the root is hard and 
wooddie, fending forth divers times another 
plant of the colour ofan Oken leafe, in fhape 
like vnto the baftard Orchis, called Birds neft, 
hauing a root like a Turnep or Rape, where- 
upon it is called Rapwm Genifte,or Broom Rape. 
2 This is acertaine bulbed plantgrowing vn- 
to the roots of broome, big below, and fmaller 
aboue,couered with blackith fcales,and ofa ye- 
lowith pulpewithin : from which dothrife a 
ftalke a {pan long having whitith foures about 
the top, likealmoft ro thofe of Dead Nettle: af- 
terwhich grow forth long, thicke, and round 
husks,in which are contained very many feeds, 
and good for nothing : the whole plant is of the 
colour of the Oken leafe. 
Of 


iss. 


3 Genifta Hifpanica, 
’ Spanifh Broome, 


ey //} 


(\ 
p 


6 Chamagenista Pannonita, 
Dwarfe broomeof Hungaric, 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 313 


5 Chamiegeniff.a Anglica: 
Englifh Dwarfe Broome. 


$ Of this Orobanche or Broome Rape there 
@re fome varieties obferued and fet forth by Lo- 
bel and Clufivs:the firft of thefe varieties hath 
longer and {maller floures than the ordinarie.- 
The fecond hath larger floures, and thofe of a 
blewith colour,and is fometimes found among 
core. The third is parted towards the top in- 
to fundry branches ; the floures of this are ei- 
ther blew,purplith,or elfe white,and it willing- 
ly growes among hempe. + 

3. The Spanifh Broome hath likewife 
wooddy ftems,from whence grow vp flender 
liant twigs, which be bare and naked without 
feiahe? or at the leaft hauing but few fmall 
leaues, fet here and there far diftant one from 
another,with yellow floures not much ynlike 
the floures of common Broome, but greater, 
which turne into fall long cods, wherein is 
conteined browne and flat feed: the roote is 
tough and wooddy. 

4 Small leafed or thin leafed Broome hath 
many tough pliant fhoots rifing out of the 
ground,which grow into hard and tough italks, 
which are diuided into divers twiggy branches 
whereon doe grow very fmall thin leaues, of a 
whitith colour;whereupon fome haue called it 
Genifta alba, white Broome : the floures grow at 
the top of the ftalkes,in fhape like thofe of the 
common Broom,but ofa white colour,wherein 
it {pecially differeth from the other Broones. 
Sffff 5 Englith 


- 


‘eof Semel illest o- 


1214 che biniorie of Plants. La B. 3 


5 Englith DwarfeBiocme bath many twiggy branches, very grccoeteugh,femen at fraked 
or cornered, leaning towardthe grourd : wleaccn co grow leaues fer. without orders fomctimes 
two together,and often three or foure growing faft together, like vnto tke ccmmon Bircome, 
greene on the vpper fide, hoary vnderncath, ard ofa bitter tafte : among which leaves come forth 
yellow floures like thofe of common Broome, but Icfler, of little or ro {mell at all: after which 
appeare {mall cods fomew bat hairy,wherin is contaircd {mall feed:the root is tough and weoddy, 
+ Banhine indges thefe two laft defcribed to be onely varieties ofthe cemmon Broome; towhofe. 
opinion Ido much incline,yet J haue let our Autkrs cfeription ftand,together with the figure of 
this later, which feemingly expreffes the greateft difference, + 

6 The Dwarfe Broome of Hungary hath ftalkes ard yellow floures lik e thofe of the laft de- 
{cribed : the leaues hereof are different, they are longer,and more in number: the whole plant is 
altogether greater, wherein efpecially confifteth the difference. 

The Place. 

The common Broome growethalmoft cuery where in dry paflures and low woods. } 

The Broome Rape is not to be found but where Broome deth grow ; it groweth in a Broome 
field at the foot of Shooters hill next to London; vpon Hampftead Heath, and in diners or 
places. 

Spanith Broome groweth in diuers kingdomes of Spaine and Italy ; we haue it in our London 

ardens. ; 

The White Broome groweth likewife in Spaine and other hot regions ; itisa ftrangerin Eng- 


a 


Jand,of this T#tws Calphurnius makes mention in his fecond Eclog of his Bucolicks,writing thus: 


her 


Ceruts vt, ecce pater, quas tradidit Ornite vacce 
Molle {ub hirfuta latus explicucre geniftas 


Pa See father, how the Kine ftretch out their tender fide 
Vander the hairy broome, that growes in fields fo wide, 


@ The Time, 

Broome floureth in the end of Aprill or May, and then the young buds of rhe floures are tobe 
gathered,and laid in pickle or falt, which afterwards-being'wathéd or boyled, are vfed for fallads, 
as Capers be, and be eaten with no lefle delight : the cods and feeds be ripe in Auguft ; the Rape 
appeareth and is {eene efpecially inthe moneth of Iune. ; 

The Spanith Broome doth floure fooner,and is longer in flouring, 

G The Names. 

This fhrub is called in Latine,Geniffa, oras fome would haue it Genefta : in Italian, Geneffra: in 
Spanith likewile Geac/lra,or Gieftra: inhigh Dutch,4dfrimmers: in low Durch, Beem :in French, 
Geneft : in Englifh,Broome, + The Spanith Broome by moft writers is iudged to be the Spartinm 
Of Diofcorides, + 

The Temperature and Vertues. 

The twigs,floures,and feeds of Broome are hot and dry in the fecond degree: they arealfoofa 
thin effence,and areof force to clenfe and open, and efpecially the feed, which is dryerand not fo 
full of fuperfluous moitture, 


The decoction of the twigs and tops of Broome doth clenfe and open the liuer, milt, and kid- 
nies. 

Itdriueth away by the ftoole watery humours,and therefore it is wholefome for them thar haue 
the dropfie,efpecially being made with wine ; but better for the other infirmities with water. 

The feed alfo is commended for the fame purpofes. 

There is alfo made of the afhes of the ftalkes and branches dryed and burnt,a lie with thin white 
Wine,as Rhenifh wine,which is highly commended of diuers for the greene fickeneffe and dropfie, 
and this doth mightily expell and driuc forth thin and watery humors together with the vine, 

ith the bladder; but withall it doth by reafon of his fharpe quality many times hurt and 
ailes, 

1, that there is in the floures and branches a cutting moifture,but full of excrements, 
and therefore ircaufeth vomit: and that the plant doth in all his parts trouble,eut, attenuate, and 
violently purgeth by vomitand ftoole,flegme and raw humours out of the ioints. 

But thefe things are not written of Broome, but of Spartum,which purgeth by vomit, after the 
manner of Hellebor,as both Diofcorides and Pliny do teftifie, 

Me(we alfo addeth, that Broome doth breake the ftone of the kidnics and bladder, and fuffereth 
not the matter whercof the ftone is made tolie long,or to becomea ftone. 

The young buds or little foures preferued in pickle, and eaten as a fallad, ftir yp an appetite to 
neate and open the {toppings of the liuerand milt, 


The 


i 1 Be 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1315 
The fame being fully blowne, ftamped and mixed with fines greafe,do eafe the paine of the L 
- gout. OV : 
r And Mefwe writeth, that this tempered with honie of Rofes,or with an egge, doth confume a- M 
way the Kings-euill. 
The Rape of the Broom ot Broome Rape,being boyled in wine, is commended againft the pains N 
_ ofthe kidnies and bladder,prouoketh vrine,breaketh the ftone,and expelleth it. 
___ Theiuice preffed forth of Broom rape healeth green wounds, and clenfeth old and fi Ithy vicers: O 
the later Phyfitions do affirme that itis alfo good for old venomous and malicious vicers. 
That worthy Prince of famous memorie Henry 8. King of England,was woont to drinke the di- P 
ftilled water of Broome floures,againft furfets and difeafes thereof arifing. * 
Sit Thomas Fitzherbert Knight,was woont to cure the blacke iaundice with this drinke onely, Q 
akeas many handfuls (as you thinke good )of the dried Jeaues of Broom gathered and brayed R 
to pouder in the moneth of May,then take vnto each handfull of the dried Ieaties,one {poonful and 
ahalfe of the feed of Broom braied into pouder: mingle thefe together , and let the ficke drinke 
thereofeach day a quantitie, firft and aft, vntill he. finde fome eafe. The medicine muftbe conti- 
nued and fo long vfed,vntil ic be quiteextinguifhed: for it isa difeafe not very fuddenly cured,but 
mutt by little and little be dealewithall. 
Orobaneh or Broom rape fliced’and put into oyle Oliue,to infufe or macerate in the fame,as ye§ 
do Rofes for oile of Rofes,fcoureth and putteth away al! {pots,lentils,freckles,pimples,wheals and 
- puthes from the face,or any part of the body,being annointed therewith. ; 
Dioftorides writeth,that Orobanch may be eaten either raw ct boiled, in manner as we vfe to eat T 
the {prigs or young thoots of Afparagus. ‘ 
The floures and feeds of Spanifh Broome are good to be drunke with Mead or honied water in V 
the quantitie ofa dram,to caufe one tovomite with great force and violence, euen as white Helle- 
bor,or neefing pouder. 


If itbe taken alone, it loofeneth the belly, driueth forth great quantitie of waterie and filthie X 
humours. 


Cuapr. 18. Of bafe Broome or greening weed, 


) 


| The Defcription, 


I His bafe kinde of Broom called Greene weed or Diersweed,hath many tough branches 
proceeding from a wooddie root: whereon do grow great ftore of Icaues,of adcep green 
colour,fomewhat long like thofe of Flax : the floures grow at the top of the branches not much-vn- 
like the leaues of Broome, but fmaller ; of an exceeding faire yellow colour,which turne into fmal] 
flat cods,wherein is contained a little flat feed. 

2° Garolis Clufivs {erccth forth another kinde of Broome,which Dodieus calleth Geni(tatinéto- 
7ia,being another fort of Diers weed : it groweth like the Spanith Broome: vpon whofe branches 
do grow, long and fmall leaués like Flax, greene on the vpper fide,and ofan hoarie thining colour 
on theother, The floures grow at thetop of the talks, {pike fafhion, in forme and colour like the 
former ; the roots arethicke andwooddie. 

3 Carolus Clufivs {etteth forth two kindes of Broome.The firft is a low and bafe plant,creeping 
and lying flat ypon the ground whofe long branches are nothing elfe, butas itwere ftalkes confi- 
fting of Ieaues thicke in the middeff, and thinne about the edges,and as it were diuided with {mall 
nicks ;atwhich place it beginneth to continue the fame leafe to the end,and fo from leafe to leafe, 
vnrill it haue inereafed.a great fort, all which doe as itwere makeone ftalke ; and hath none other 
Ieaues, fatting that in fome of the nicks or diuifions there commeth forth a mall leafe likea little 
eare. At the end of thofe flat and leafed {talks come forth the floures, much like the floures of the 
common Greening weed,but leffer,and ofa yellow colour,wwhich turne into {mall cods. The roots 
are very long,tough.and wooddie, ful of fibres,clofing at the top of the root, fromwhence they pro- 

_ ceed as from one body. 

4 This kinde of Greenweed called of fome Chame(partivm, hatha thicke wooddié root : from 
which rife vp divers long leaues, confifting as it were of many pieces fet together like a paire of 
Beads (as may better be perceined by the figure,than expreffed by words) greene on the vpper fide, 
and whiti(h vnderneath,very tough,and as it were ofa ruthie fubftance:; among which rife vp very 
fmall naked rufhie flalkes ; on the top whereof groweth an eare or {pike ofachaffie matter,hauing 
here and there inthe {aid care diuers yellow floures like Broome, but-very fimall or little. 

; S£(fL 2 Pat as alee 


} 
i 
' 
4 
| 
} 


‘ 316 " Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants, x is 12.3. 


1 Geniftella tincforia. | a Geniftellainfectoria. 
Greeneweed or Diersweed. . _ Wooddie Diers weed, 
G WAS Lor tielorrw 


3 Geniftella pinnata. 4 ips globulata, 
Winged Greeneweed, , Globe Greene weed, 


ian. 


saeannemeeeeeee ee 


i Of the Hiftory of Plants. iy 


5 The fift Greeneweed hatha wooddie tough root,with certaine ftrings annexed thereto: from 
which rifevp diuets long flat leaues,tough,& very hard,confifting as it were of many little leaues, 
fet one at the end of another, making of, many one entire leafe,of a greene colour : among ft which 
come forth diuers naked hard ftalks very {mall and ftiffe, on the tops whereof ftand {pikie eares of 
yellow floures, like thofeof Broome,in fhapélike that great three leafed graffe, called Lagopus, of 
like the Fox-taile graffe : after which come flat cods, wherein is inclofed fimal! feed like to Tares 
both in tafte and forme, 


5 Geniflella Lagopoides maior, 6 Geniftella Lagopoides minor, 
Hares foot Greeneweed: Small Greenweed with Hares foot floure; 


6 This differeth not from the precedent in ftalks,roots and leaues:the floures confift of a floc: 
kie foft matter,not vnlike tothe graffie tuft of Foxtaile,refembling the floure of Lagopus,or Hares- 
foot,but hauing fimall yellow floures leffer than the former, wherein itchiefely differeth ftom the 
other of his kinde. 

@ The Place. 
The firft being our common Diers-weed,groweth in moft fertile paftures and fields almoft eue- 
ry where. The reft are ftrangers in England. 
@ The Time. 
They floure from the beginning of Iuly to theend of Auguft. 
| The Names, 

The firft of thefe Greenweeds is named of mof Herbarifts Flys Tinéforius, but more tightly,Ge. 
nifta Tinctoria,of this Pliny hath made mention [ The Greenweeds, faith he,do grow todyé cloths 
with]in his 18 .booke 16.Chapter. It iscalledinhigh Dutch, Ferblumen, and Ackerbrew: in 
Italian,Cerretta,and Cofariajas Matthiolus writeth in his chapter of Lyfimachia, or Loofe-ftrife : in 
Englith,Diers Greening weed,bafe Broome,and VWoodwaxen, 

The reft we refer to their feuerall titles. 

@] The Temperature and Pertues. 

Thefe plants are like vntocommon Broome in bitterneffé,and therefore ate hot and driein the 
Second degree : they are likewife thought tobe in vertues equall 3 Hotwithftanding their vfeis not 
fo well knowne,and therefore not vfed at all whete the other may be had: we fhall not need to {peak 
of that vfe that Diers make thereof,being a matter impertinent to our Hiftorie, 

Sf{f{ff 3 ; CHAP; 


A 


1318 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lin. 3. 


Cuar.19. Of Spanifh bafe Broomes. 


q The Defcription. 


I His growes to the height ofa cubit,and is couered witha crefted and rough barke, 

and diuided into many longifh branchescrefted & green,which at their firft {pring- 
ing vp haue fome leaues vpon them,which fall away as {oon as the plantcomes to floure :from the 
fides of the branches come forth long foot-ftalks whereon hang fome fmall yellow floures, which 
are fiucceeded by fhort round yellowith red cods which commonly containe but one feed feldome 
two, and thefe hard and blacke,and like alittle Kidney,which when it is ripe will rattle ip the cod 
being fhaken. ¢ 


+ 


= 


a eee 


x Pfeudofpartum Hifpanscum Aphyllum. 2 Pfeudofpartum album Aphy lum) 
Spanifh Broome without leaues. The white leafe-leffe Spanifh broom 


| 
| 


| 2 This naked broome groweth vp to the height ofa man :the ftalk is rough, and void of leaues 
very greene and pliant,which diuideth it felfe into diuers twiggie branches,greene,and tough, like 
{ rufhes : the floures grow all along the ftalks like thofe of broome, but of a white colour, wherein 
{ it differeth from all the reft of his kinde. 
, j : i @ The Place, 
Wel \ Thefe grow inthe prouinces of Spaine,and are in one place higher and more bufhie, and in an 
other lower. 


aa et GQ The Time. 
Pe) OT i} + The firft floures in May,and the fecond in Februarie. + 
: Plt ti | The Names, 
( f Thefe bafe Spanith broomes may be referred to the true,which is called in Greeke aun: the La- 
| ia tines vfethe fame name,calling it fometimes Spartum,and Spartinm:in Spanith, Retama:in Englifh, 
I Spanifh broome,and baftard $ panifh broome. 
ut @ The Temperature and Vertues. 
: Both the feeds and iuice of the branches of thefe bafe broomes, wherewith they in Spaine and 
other hot regions do tie their vines, do mightily draw,as Galen writeth, F 
Diofiorides 


oo LESS Ee ae 
Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 1319 

Diofcorides faith, that the feeds and floures being drunke in the quantitic of a dram,with Mede p 
or honied water, doth caufe one to vomit ftrongly,as the Hellebor or neefing pouder doth,but yet 
without ieopardie or danger of Jife: the {eed purgeth by ftoole. 

The iuyce which is drawne from out of the branches fteeped in water,being firft bruifed,is a re. Cc 
medie for thofe that are tormented with the Sciatica, and for thofe that be troubled with the — 
Squincie, ifa draught thereof be drunke in the morning ; fome vfe to fteepe the branches in fea 
water, and to giue the fame ina clifter, which purgeth forth bloudy and flimic excrements, 


t Inthis chaprer formerly in the fizft place was againe figured and deferibed the true Spartiem or Spanith Broome; which I hauenow omitted, becaufe it was 
figured and deferibed in the laft chapter faue one before. In the fecond place was defcribed chat figured inthe third: and in the third place wasa defcriptionto no 
purpole, which I therefore omitted, and as you fee defcribed anew and putinthe firft place that which formerly held the {econd. 


Cap. 20, 
Of Furxes, Gorffe, Whin, or prickley Broome. 


G| The Kindes. 


ee 


J * Here be diuers forts of prickly Broome, called in our Englith tongue by fundry names,accor- 
ding tothe fpeech of the countrey people where they doe grow : in fome places, Furzes in 
others, W hins, Gorffe,and of fome, Prickly Broome, 


t Genifta fpinofavulzaris, 2 Genifta [pinofa minor. 
Great Furze buh. The {mall Furze buh. 


Ee scarier se: 


ae 


a The Defcription, 


I He Furze buth is a plant altogethera Thorne, fully armed with moft fharpe prickles, 
without any leaues at all except in the fpring,and thofe very few and little,and quick. 
ly falling away : itis a bufhy fhrub, often rifing vp with many wooddy branches to 

the height of foure or fiue cubits,or higher, according to the nature and {oile where they grow : 
the greateft and higheft that I did euer {ee do grow about Excefter in the Weft parts of England, 
Rif "where 


— 


tis 


a | 
u'y) . ; 
Vii } 
siraa i an 4 i 
Vide if) 1) ' 
Bs) any i 


: cions vnder the extreme heate of the Synne are of avery perfect red 
colour :in the colder countries of the Eaft,as Danzicke, Brunfwicke, and Poland, there is not any 
branch hereof growing -pt fome few plantsand feeds which my felfe haue fent to Elbing, o- 
thetwife called Meluin, where they are moft curioufly kept in their faireft gardens, as.alfo our 
common Broome, the which I haue fent thither likewife, being firft defired by diuers earneft let- 
ters :the cods follow the floures, which the Grauer hath omitted,as a German who had neuer {een 
the plant it felfe, but fran ed the figure by heare-fay :the root is ftrong, tough, and wooddy. 

We haue in out n grounds of the North parts of England another fort of Purze, bringing 
forth the like prickley thornes that the orhers haue : the onely difference confifteth in the colour 
of the floures:for the others bring forth yellow floures,and thofe of this plant are’as white as fhow. 

+ 2 Tothismay beioyned another kinde of Furzewhich bringeth forth certaine branches 
that be fome cubit high, ftiife,and fet round about at the firft with {mall winged Lentill-like 
leaues and little harmeleffe prickles, which after they haue been a yeare old, and the leaues gon,be 
armed oncly with moft hard fharpe prickles, crooking or bending their points downwards. The 
loures hereof are of a pale yellow colour, leffer than thofe of Broome, yet gf thefame forme : the 
codsare fmall, in which do lic little round reddifh feeds : the root is tough and wooddy. 


yellow colour,whi 


t 2 Genifta Spinofa minor filiqua rotunda. 4 Geniftella aculeata. 
Small round codded Furze, Needle Furze or petty Whin. 
f) 8 ‘a aeers 
Mn_fy Gt A 


#s reckons vp three varieties : the firft growing fome cubit high,with deepe yel- 

s : the fecond growes higher, and hath paler coloured floures : the third groweth to the 

icht of the firft,the floures alfo are yellow,the branches more prickly, and the leaues hairy ; and 

the figure I giue you is of this third varietic. 

3 This {cldome execedsa foot in height,and it is on eucrie fide armed with fharpe prickles, 

( 1s in the common fort, but keepeacertaine order, and till grow forth 

heer greene than thofe of the common Furze :on the tops of each of 

yellow floures like thofe of the former ; which are fucceeded by lit- 

igneffe of Tares, This floures in March, and groweth in the 

ay between Bur x vone in France,and vpon the Pyrenean mountaines.Clujins makes it 
s Scorpius 2.0% {econd fort of Furze; Lobel calls it Genista fpartinms (pinofum alterum, + 


which grow notcot 
by couples : tl 
the branches gr 


tle round roug 


4. This 


Li Bi 3. . Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


1321 


This {mall kinde of Furze (growing vpon Hampftead heath neeré. London, and: in divers 
other barren grounds, where in manner nothing elfe wil grow) hath many weake and flexible bran 
ches of a wooddy fub{tance: whereon do grow little leaues like thofe of Tyme: among whichare 
{et in number infinite moft fharpe prickles, hurting like needles; whereof it tooke his name. The 
floures grow on the tops of the branches like thofe of Broome, and of a pale yellow colour, ‘The 
root is tough and wooddy. iTiIs gy 73, 

#50 This plant (faith Clufivs )is wholly new and elegant, fome {pan high,divided into many 
branches, fome {pred vpon the ground, others ftanding vpright, hauing plentifull tore of greene 
prickles : the Zoures in fhape are like thofe of Broome, but lefle, and of a blewith purple colour, 
{tanding in rough hairy whitifh cups,two or three floures commonly growing neere togetlicr : 
fometimes whileft it foures it fendeth forth little leaues, but not very often,and they are few, and 
like thofe of the fecond deferibed, and quickly fallaway, fo that the whole plant feemes nothing 
but prickles, or like a hedge-hog when fhe folds vp her felfe : the root is wooddy,and large for the 
proportion of the plant. It growes in the kingdome of Valentia in Spaine, where the Spaniards 
call it Zrizo, that is, the Hedge-hog ; and ithence Clufivs alfo termedit Erizacea. It flourech in 


Aprill. 4 


5 Genifta fpinofa humilis. 6 Genifta aculeata minor, fine Nepa Theophr 
Dwarfe or tow Furze. Scorpion Furzes. 


6 ‘The fmalleft of all the Furzesis thatof the Antients called -Wepa, or Scorpion Furze,as the 
word Nepa feemeth to import : itisa franger in England : ichath beene touched of the Antients 
inname onely :which fault they hauebeene all and euerie of them tobe complained of, being fo 
briefe that nothing can be gathered from their defeription: and therefore I refer what might here- 
ofbe faid toa further confideration. + This hatha thicke wooddy blacke root fomehalfe foor 
long, from whence arife many flender branches fome foot high, which are fer with many ftiffe and 
fhatpe prickles, growing fomewhat after the maner of thewilde prickly Sperage: the yong plants 
haue little leaues like thofe of Tragacanth ; the old ones none : the floures are {mal,and come forth 
at the bottome of the prickles, and they are fucceeded by broad cods wherein the feed is contai- 
ned. It growes in diuers places of France and Spaine,and is thought to be the Scorpius of Theo- 
phraftus which GaXatranflates Nepa. £ 

q The Place. 
The common fort hereofare very well knowne to grow in paftures and fields in moft places of 
England. Thereft are likewifewell knowne to thofe that curioufly obferute the difference, 
@ The Time. 
They floure from-the beginning of May to the end of September. 
The Names, 

Furze is commonly called Geni/ta [Pinofa sin high.Dutch,®atpeldoren in Englith,Furze, Fur- 
zén bufhes, Whihne, Gorffe;and: Thorne-Broome, 

This thoray Broome is taken for Theophraftus his Scorpius, which GaXa nameth Nepa ; the name 
Scorpius in Pliny istoxinum, thavis to fay, fignifying many things; and common to certaine Plants : 

; ; for 


sa sg gc pC cal a 


> 


a SE Sone 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. FS 


for befides this Scorpius of which he hath made mention, /i6.25. cap.5. fetting downe Theephraftus 

his words, where he maketh Aconitum Thelyphonon to be Scorpims, lib.23. capslo, and. likewife other 

plants vnder the fame title,but vnproperly. : 
a The Temperature and Vertues. 

There isnothing written in Theophrajtws concerning the faculties of Scorpius piao/us, or Furze : 

“* Pliny feemeth to attribute vnto it the fame vertues that Scorproides hath ; notwithitanding the later 

Writers do agree that it is hot and dry of complexion :the feeds are vied in medicines againft the 


ftone,andftaying of the laske. 


Lis. 3. 3 


+. This chapterhath vndergone a great alteration : as thus; the firft, third, and fourth defcriptions belonged ro the third figure : the fecond and fifth defcrip. 

tion, to the fifth figure : andthe firft, (econd, and fourth figures had no deferiptions belonging to them, The figure that wasin the firft place isnow in the third 

the fecond ftill holds his place : the third is inthe firft, belonging thereto of right « and for handfémneife fake I hauemade the fourth ana fifth change places. This 

Nepa allo in the fixth place was formerly mentioned by our Author (but now omitted) in the chapter of Afparagus. 
‘ 


Cuap. 21. 


Of Cammocke Furze, Reft-Harrow, or Petty Whinne. 


q The Kindes. 
=r Here be diuers forts of Reft- Hatrow, which fome haue inferted among the {maoth Braomes ; 
4 others, among thofe with prickles,whereof fome haue purple floures and likewife ful of pric- 
kles ; others, white floures,and tharpe thornes : fome alfo purple floures,others white,and alfo yel- 
low, and euery of them void of prickles, 


i CAnonis, fine Refta Bours. 
Cammocke,or Reft-Harrow. 


Ohowmrs sumer iv > 


3 Anonis non [pinofa pores 
"Purple Reft- Harrow without prickles. 


! @ The Defcription. 
x g ’Ammocke or ground Furze rifeth vp with ftalkes a cubit high, and often higher, fer 
with diuers ioynted branches, tough, pliable,and full of hard fharpe thornes : among 


which do grow leaues in forme like thofe of $ Johns wort,or rather of the Lentill,ofa 
ts deepe 


Linz . OftheBlifory ol Plans, 


5) 
deep green colour: from the bofome of which thorns and leaues come forth the Houres, lik 
of Peafon, of a purple colour : after which do come the cods, inwhich do lie flat feed : 
long, andrunneth far abroad, very tough,and hard to be torne in picces with the 
that the oxen can hardly paffe forward, but are conftrained to ftand Rill wl 
Reft-Plough,or Reft-Harrow. 


ethofe 
the root is 
plough, infomuch 
1ereupon it was called 


2 Wehaue in our London paftures, and like. 

, p wife in other places, one of the Reft-Harrowes, not 

4 Anonis, fine Spina lutea, ditfering on the precedeitt in ftalkes , leaues, of 

Yellow Reftd¥arrow, ptickles : the Onely difference is, thar this plant 
bringeth forth white floures, and the Others not fo: 
whence we maycall it Azonis fore albo, Cammocke 
with white floures, 

3 Reft-Harrow without thotnes hatha tough 
hoary rough ftalke, diuided into other Fough bran- 
ches, whereon are fer without order, Jong leaues 
tharpe pointed, fleightly cut about the edges,ofan 
hoary colour, and fomewhat hairy : from the bo- 
fome whereof commeth forth purple Peafe-like 
floures of a reafonable good fmell ! the root is veric 
tough, long, and wooddy. 

4 - The yellow floured Cammock is a ftranger 
in thefe parts,itis only found in the cold Eafterne 
countries, for ought that I can learne 3 it differs not 
from the laft deferibed > fauing that the fldures 
hereof are of a darke yellow colour, wherein it dif. 
fereth from all the other of his kinde. 

§) The Plave, 

Thefe grew in carable grounds in fertile pa- 
flures, and in the borders of ficlds, in a fat,fruicful, 
and long lafting foile : it is fooner found than de- 
fired ofhusbandmen,becaufe the tough and wood- 

* die roots are comberfome vnto them, for that they 
ftay the plough, and make the oxen ftand. 
G The Tie, 

They fend forth new fhoots in May : they be ful 
growne in Autumne, and then thofe thatof nature 
are prickly be fulleft of fharpe thornes : they floure 
in Iuly and Auguft, 

{| The Names, 

Cammocke is called in Greeke ‘amie, or ‘amie : and likewife in Latine —4z0ns,and Ononis : OF 
Herbarifts commonly Arefta Bouis,and Remora aratri, becaufe it maketh the Oxen whileft they be 
in plowing to reft or ftand ftill : it is alfo called Acutella, of the ftiffeand fharpe thorns 
thofe that paffe by: in French, reffe beuf, and Boucrande. 


Cratewas nameth it Bgipyrus : inhigh-Dutch, Statkraut:in low-Dutch, Prangwoztele ¢in 
Italian, Bonaga : in Spanifh,Gattilhos.: in French, Arrejfe beuf,Beuf & Bouerande : in Englifh,Cam- 
mocke,Reft-Harrow, Petty Whinne, and ground Furze, 

The Te emperature. 

The root of Cammocke is hot inthe third degree, as Galen faith : it cuttethalfo and maketh 

thinne, 


FAI 


ee 


my 
FELIS 
ji, LF 


which prick 


| ThePertues, 
The barke of the roordrunke with Wine prouoketh vrine, breakerh the ftorie, and drineth ir A 
forth. 


The root boyled in water and vineger allayeth the paine of ‘the teeth, if the mouth be often wa- B 
fhed therewith hor. ; Ps 

Pliny reporteth, that being boyled in Oxymel (or the fyrrup made with honey and vineger) till C 
the one halfe be watted, it is giuen to thofe that hae the falling ficknefle, catatthiolys reporteth, 
that he knew’ man curedof arupture, by taking of the pouder of this root for Many mencths to. 
gether. ; : a 

The tender {prigs or crops ofthis fhrub’before the thornes come forth, are preferued-in pickle, D 
and be very pleafant fauce to be eaten with meat as fallad, as 4 Diofcorides teacheth. 

‘ 
C HAPs, 


Ns 


' 
4 


“p24 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L 12.3. 


Cras oot 
Of Goofe-berrie, or Fea-berry Bu/h. 


@& The Kindes, 


Here be diuers forts of the Goofe-berries ; fome greater, others lefle : fome round, others long, 
and fome of ared colour : the figure of one fhall ferue for the reft. 
+ I willnot much infift vpon diuerfities of fruits, becaufe my kinde friend M*. Toh Parkinfon 
hath fufficiencly in his late Worke difcourfed vpon that fubie& ; onely becaufe I indge many wil 
be defirous to know their names, and where to get them, I will briefely name the chiefe varieties 
our Kingdome affords ; and fuch as are defirous of them may finde them with M*, ohn Millen \i- 
uing in Old-ftreet. 

The forts of Goofe-berries are thefe : the long greene, the great yellowith, the blew, the great 
round red, the long red, and the prickly Goofe-berrie. 


VuaCrilpa, The Defcription, 

‘ q ip 
/, Goofe-berries " \ 
(hibss AK? O — CAA He Goofe-berry buth isa fhrub of three 


or foure cubits high, fet thicke with moft 
fharpe prickles : it is likewife full of 
branches, flender,wooddy, and prickly : where- 
on doe grow round Jeaues cutwith deepe ga- 
fhes into diuers parts like thofe ofthe Vine, of 
a very greene colour : the floures be very fnial, 
ofawhitith greene,with fome little purple da- 
thed here and there: the fruit is round,growing 
{catteringly vpon the branches, greene at the 
firft, but waxing a little yellow through matu- 
ritie, fill of awinie iuyce fomewhat fweet in 
- tafte when they be ripe’; inwhich is contained 
hard feed of a whitith colour: the root is woo- 
die, and not without ftrings anexed thereto. 

There is another whofe fruit is almoftas big 
as a {mall Chery, and very. round informe : as 
alfo another of the like bigneffe, of an inch in 
length, in tafte and fubftance agreeing with 
the common fort. 

Wehaue alfo-in our London gardens, ano- 
ther fort altogether without prickles: whofe 
fruit'ts very {mal, leffer by much than the com- 
mon kinde, but of.a perfe& red colour,wherein 
it differeth from the reft of his kinde, 

@) The Place, 

Thefe plants do. grow in our London gar- 

dens and elfewhere in great aboundanee. 


The Time, 
The leaues come forth in the beginning of Aprill or fooner : the fruit is ripe in une and Tuly, 
«| The Names. 

This fhrub had no name among the old Writers,whoas we deeme knew it not, or elfe efteemed 
it not : the later writers call it in Latine Croffwlarza : and oftentimes of the berries, ua Crifpa, ua 
fina, ¥ wa fpinella, and wa Crifpina,; in high-Dutch, Srutelbeer ¢ in Jow-Dutch, Stekelbelien : in 
Spanith, Ya Crijpa, or E/pina : in Italian, Vue fpina : in French, Groifélles : in Englith,Goofe-berry, 
Goofe-berry bufh,and Fea-berry buth in Chefhire, my natiue countrey. 

gq The Temperature. 

The berries of this buth before they beripe ate cold and dry,and that in the Jaterend of the fe- 

cond degree, and alfo binding, 


The Vertnes. ; 
The fruit is vfed in diuers fauces for meatejas thofe that are skilfull in cookerie can better te! than 
my felfe. 

They 


a enna 


sen 


: Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory fi Planes! : 1325 ; 


‘They are vfed in broths in ftead of Veriuice, which maketh the broth not onely pledfanttothe B 
tafte, but is greatly profitable to fuch as are troubled with a hot burning ague. 

They are diuerfly eaten,but howfocuer they be eaten they alwaies ingender raw andcoldbldud: € 
they nourith nothing or very little: they alfo ftay the belly, and ftench bleedings. 

They ftop the menfes, or monethly fickenes,except they happen to be taken intoacoldfto- D 
mack,then do they not helpe,but rather clog or trouble the fame by fome manner of flix. 

The ripe berries,as they are fweetcr, fo doe they alfo little or nothing binde, and ate fomething — 
hot,and yeeld a little more nourifhment thanthofe tharbe not ripe,and the fame not crude or rat. 
but thefe are feldome eaten or vfed as fauce, 5 

The iuice of the greene Goofeberries cooleth al! inflammations, Eryfipelas, and Saint Antho. F 
nies fire. 

They prouoke appetite,and coole the vehement heate of the ftomacke and liuer. G 

The young and tender leaues eaten raw in a fallad, prouoke vrine, and driue forth the ftone H 
and graucll, 


Cuar. 23. Of Barberties. 


The Kinds. 


z 


There de diuers forts of Barberries,fome greater,others leffer,and fome without ftones. 


Spina acida, fine Oxyacantha, 
The Barberr ; A @ The Defcription. 
N> enB eS e Rs * 
: { i) ae Barberry plant is an high fhrub or buth, 

hauing many young ftraighe fhootes and 
branches,very full of white and prickly thornes; 
the rinde whereof is fmooth and thin, the wood 
it felfe yellow: the leaues are long, very greene, 
flightly nicked about the edges, and of a fowre 
tafte : the floures be yellow, ftanding in clu- 
fters vpon long ftemmes : in their places come 
vp long berries, flender, red when they be ripe, 
witha little hard kernell or {tone within; of a 
fowre and fharpe tafte: the root is yellow, dit 
perfethit felfe farre abroad, and is of awooddy 
fubftance. 

Wee haue in our, London gardens another 
fort, whofe fruite is like in forme and fubftance, 
but one berry is as bigas three of rhe common 
kinde, wherein confifteth the difference. 

We haue likewife another withoutany ftone, 
the fruite is like the reft of the Barber ries, botli 
in fub ftance and tafte. 

q The Place. 

The Barbertie bufh groweth of it felfe in vn- 
toiled places and defart grounds, in woods, and 
the borders of fields, efpecially about a Gentle- 
mans houfe called M". Movke, dwelling ina vil- 
lage called Iuer, two miles from Colebrooke, 
where moft of the hedges are nothing elfe but 
Barberry buthes. 

They are planred in gardens in moft places of England. 

| The Time. 
The leaues {pring forth in Aprill: the floures and fruite in September. 
@] The Names. 

Galen calleth this thorne in Greeke, sve who maketh it to differ from sve%%, in his booke 
of the Faculties of fimple medicines:but more plainely in his booke of the Faculties of Nourith- 
ments ; where he reckoneth vp the tender {prings of Barberries among the tender fhoots that are 

Tttee to 


SSIs 
SS Zire 


Ee 


— ld 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lips 3. 


Or seman 


re 


tobe eaten, fuch as Oxyacanthws or the Hawthorne bringeth not forth, wherein he plainely made a 
difference, xyacanthathe Barbery buth,and oxyacaathus the Hawthorne tree, 

Diofvortdes hath not made mention of this. Thorne; for that which he calleth oxyacamtha inthe 
Foeminine gender, is Galens Oxyacanthus inthe Mafculine gender. 

Anicen {eemeth to containe both thefe fhrubs ynder the name of C4myrberis,butwe know they 
are neither of affinitie or neighbourhood,although they be both prickly. 

The fhrub it felfe is called in {hops Barbaries, of the corrupted name cAmyrberis, of the lates 
writers Crefpinus : in Italian,Cre/pino . in Spanith, Efpino de maiuclas + in high Dutch, Paillelbecrs 
in low Dutch, yaufeboom : in French, (prae vinette:and thereupon bya Latine name, Spininineta, 
Spina acida,and Oxyacantha Galen?. $ In Englifh,aBarbery buth,or Piprige Tree,accordingto D‘, 
Turner. ¢ 

| The Temperature. 

The Jeaues and berries of this thorne are cold and dry in the fecond degree : andas Gales alfo 

affirmeth,they are of thin parts,and hauea certaine cutting qualitie. 
G The Vertues, 

The leaues are vfed of diuers to feafon meate with, and in ftead of a fallad, as be thofe of Sor. 
rell. 

The decoétion thereof 1s good againft hot burnings and cholericke agues : it allaicth the heate 
of the bloud,and tempereth the ouermuch heate of the liuer. 

The fruite or berries are good for the fame things, and be alfo profitable for hot laskes,and for 
the bloudy flixe,and they ftay all manner of fuperfluous bleedings. 

The greene leaues of the Barbety buth ftamped, and made intofawce, as that made of Sorrell, 
called greene fauce, doth coole hot ftomackes, and thofe that ate vexed with hor burning agues, 
and procureth appetite. : 

The conferue made of the fruite and fugar performeth all thofe things before remembred, but 
with better force and fucceffe. 

The roots of the tree fteeped for certaine daies together in ftrong lie, made with afhes ofthe 
afh-tree,and the haire often moiftned therewith, maketh it yellow. 

+. Thebarke of the roots is alo yfed in medicines for the iaundife, and that with good fuc- 
cefle. + 


Cuar. 24. Of the white Thorne, or Hawthorne Tree. 


q She Kindes. 


Here be twoforts of the white Thorn Trees defcribed ofthe later writets,one very common in 
moft parts of England : there is another very rare, and not found in Europe, except in fome 
few rare gardens. of Germanie ; which differeth not from our common Haw thorne,fauing that the 
fruithere of is as yellow as Saffronawehatie inthe Weft of England one growing ata place called 
Glaftenburie, which bringeth forth: his floures‘about Chriftmas, by the report of diners of good 


credit,who haue {een the fame ; but my felfe hale not feen it; and therefore leaue it to be better 
examined. 


gq The Defcription, 


I Hewhite Thorne is a great fhrub growing oftentimes tothe height of the Peare-tree 
the trunke or body is great: the boughes and branches hard and wooddy,fet full of 
long fharpe thornes : the Jeaues be broad,cut with deepe gathes into divers feGtions, 

{mooth,and ofa gliftering greene colour: the floures grow vpon fpokie rundles,ofa pleafant fiveer 
fmell, fometimes white,and often dafhtouer with a light wath of purple; which hath moucd 
fome tothinke fome difference in the plants:after which come the fruit,being round berries,green 
at the firft,and red when they beripe ; wherein is found a foft fweer pulpe, and certaine whitifh 
feed : the root groweth deepe in the ground, ofa hard wooddy fubftance. 

_ 2 The fecond and third haue been touched in the firft title,notwithftanding I haue thought 
itnotvnfit to infert in this placea plant perticipating with the Hawthorne in floures and fruir, 
and with the Seruice tree in leaues,and notvnlike in fruit alfo. 

a heophraftus hath fer forth this tree vnder the name of U4fria, which growéth vnto the forme 
ofa {mall tree, delighting to grow in Gur fhadowie woods of Cumberland and Weftmerland,and 
many other places of the North country,where it is tobe found in great quantitie:but {eldome in 
Spaine, 


eS ee Se ee 
t Lip, 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1327 


Spaine, Italy,orany hot Region. This tree is garnifhed with many large branches befet with 
Jeaues like the Peare tree, or rather like the Aller leafe, of a darke greene colour aboue, and of a 
white colour vnderneath :among thefe leaues come forth tufts of white floures, very like ynto the 
Hawthorne floures, but bigger : after which fucceed {mall ted berries, like the berries of the Haw 
thorne,and in tafte like the Neapolitan Medlar : the temperature and faculties whereof are not yet 
knowne. ; 


2 Oxyacanthus, 2 Aria Theophrafti. 
The Haw-thorne tree. win Cumberland Haw-thorne. 
wUuS TAA On O41 ee Q YUus Ano . 


gy ThePlace. 

The Haw-thorne groweth inwoods and in hedges eere vnto high-waies almoft euery where! 
The fecond isa ftranger in England. The laft groweth at Glaftenbury Abbey, as it is credibly re- 
portedvntome. $ The Avia groweth vpon Hampfted heath, and in many places ofthe Weft of 
England. $ 

G] The Time. 

The firftand fecond floure in May ; whereupon many docall the tree it felfe the May-buth,asa 
chiefe token of the comming in of May : the leaues come fortha little fooner : the fruit is ripe in 
the beginning of September, and is a food for birds in Winter. 

G The Names, 

Dioftorides defcribeth this thrub, and nameth it ‘ofv¢veo%, inthe foeminine gendet:and Galen in 
his booke of the Faculties of fimple medicines, ‘ozs, in the mafculine gender : Oxyacanthys, 
faith he, is a tree, and is like to the wilde Peare tree in forme, and the vertues tot vnlike, 8c, Of 
Oxyacantha, Diofiorides writeth thus: It is atree like to the wild Peare tree,very full of thorns, &c, 
Serapio calleth it Amyrberis - and fome,faith Dioftorides, would haue it called nyix, but the name 
Pyrina{eemeth to belong to the yellow Haw-thorne: itis called in high-Dutch, Haogdozens in 
low-Dutch, agedogers ¢ in Italian, Bagaia : in Spanith, Pirlitero : in French, Aub-efpine : in Eng- 
Lith, White-thorne, Haw-thorne tree ; and of fome Londoners, May-bufh. $ Thisisnotthe ox,- 
acantha of the Greekes, but thatwhich is called Pyracantha, as thall be fhewed hereafter, 

The fecond is thought to be the 4ria of Theophraftus, and {o Lobel and Tabernamontanus call it? 
Some,as Bellonius, Gefner, and Clufius, refer it to the Sorbus, and that notvnfitly : in fome places of 
this kingdome they call itawhite Beame tree, ¢ 

. : a Tetee 2 The 


a ET IS Se : 
1328 Of the Hifterie of Plants. Li 3,3. 
ve 4] The Tensper ature. - 


The fruit of the Haw-thorne tree is very aftringent, 
@ TheVertues, 


‘A The Hawes or berries ofthe Haw-thorne tree, as Diofcorides wtiteth, do both ftay the laske, the 
**  menfes, and all other Auxes ofbloud : fome Authorswrite, that the ftones beaten to pouder, and 


giuen to drinkeare good againft the ftone. 


Cuars 25. Of Goats Thorne. 


| The Defcription. 
mrtHe firlt Tragazantha or Goats-thorne hath many branchie boughes and twigs, flender 
and pliant, fo {pred abroad vpon euerie fide, that one plant doth fometimes occupie® 
great {pace or roome 1n compafie : the leaues are fmall,and in thape like Lentill leaues, whitifhs 
nd fomewhat mofiie or hairy, fer in rowes one oppofite againft another : the floure is like the blot 
{the Lentill, but much feffer, and ofa whitifh colour, and fomerimes marked with purple 


i 


fome 0 
lines or ftreaks : the feed is inclofed in {mall cods or husks, almoft like vnto the wilde Lotws or hor= 


| 
ye ' ned Trefoile: the whole plant on euery fide is fet full of fharpe prickely thornes, hard, white, and. 
aid ih {trong : the roots run vnder the ground like Liquorice, roots, yellow within,and blacke without, 
di iW rough, limmer, and hard to breake; which being wounded in fundry places with fome iron toole, 
i and laid in the Sunat the higheft and hotteft time of Sommer, iffueth forth a certain liquor,whick 
Li being hardned by the Sun, is that gum which is called in fhops Tragacantha : and of fome,though 
b 
4 
| 
; 


barbaroufly Dragagant. 


I Tragacantha, fiue [pina Hirc?, 2 Spina Hiri minor. 


Goats Thorne. Small Goats Thorne. 


} from one turfe: of a white or grayith colour, about a cubit high, ftiffe and wooddy : the Ieaues are 
like the former,and garded with moft ftiffe pricks not very {afely to be touched : among the thor- 
nie leayes come forth many floures in fmall tufts like Gens/fells, but that they are white : the cods 

are 


; 
it a 
; 2 The fecondkinde of Tragacantha is a low and thicke fhrub, hauing many fhoots growing 
{ 
‘ 


toa Cie ee 


are many, ftraight and thorny like Geni/fella, wherein are many {mal} white and three cornered feeds 
as big as muftard feed. ¢ This differs from the former in that it is fmaller, and lofeth the leaues 
cuety Winter, when as the former keepes on the Icaues vntill new. ones come in the Spring. The 
middle rib of the winged leaues ends ina pricke,whichby the falling of the leaues becommeth a 
Jong and naked thorne. I hane giuen youa morte accurate figure hereof out of C/ufus, wherein the 
leaues, floures,cods,and feeds are all expreffed apart. + 

3 The Grecians haue called this plant wwe, becaufe it is good for the finewes : it fhould 
feeme it tooke the name Poterion, of Potrix,becaufe it loueth a watry or fenny foile: ic Hath {mall 
branches, and leaues of Tragacastha, growing naturally in the traé of Piedmont in Italy; it {prea- 
deth abroad like a fhrub : thé barke or rinde is blackifh,and dry without great moifturevery much 
writhed or wrinkled in and out as that of Nepa or Corruda: the fharpe pricks ftand not in order as 
Tragacantha, but confufedly, and are finer and three times leffer than thofe of Tragacantha, growing 
much after the manner of Affragalus : but the particular leaues are greene aboue, and white below, 
fhaped fomewhat like Burnet : the feed is {mall and red, like vnto Sumach, but leffer, 


4 Tragacanthe minoris icon accuratior. f 3 Poterion Lob, fine Pimpinella (pinofa Camer. 
A better figure of the Goats-thorne. Burnet Goats-thorne, 


TEEN 


G ® 


a The Place. ; 

Petrus Bellonins inhis firft booke of Singularities reports, that thete is great plenty hereof grow- 
ing in Candy vpon the tops of the mountaines. Theophraftus faith that it was thought togrow no 
where but in Candy ,but now itis certaine that it is found in Achaia, Peloponeffus, and in A fia: 
it doth alfo grow in Arcadia, which is thought not to be inferiour to that of Candy. [tis thought 
by Lobel to grow in Languedock in France,whereof Theopbr. hathwritten in his ninth booke, that 
the liquor or gum iffacth out of it felfe, and that it is not needfull to hauethe root broken or cut. 
The bef is that, {aith Dio/torides,which is through-fhining,thin,{mooth,vamixt,and fiveet of fmel 


and tafte. 
The Time. 


They floure and flourith in the Sommer moneth : I haue fowne the feed of Poterion in April, 
which I receiued from Ioachimus Camerarius of Noremberg, that grew inmy garden two yeares tos 


ether, arid after perifhed by {ome mifchance. 
hi sania q Te 


MEE ay tae aes 


i 
| 
t 

i) 


SRD ST 9 a A an a tas Saneks ames 


A 


B 


Of the Hiftory of Plants, L13.3, 3 


q The Names. 

Goats-thorneiscalled in Greeke sayzzuse - of molt Herbarifts likewife Tragacantha : we may cal 
it in Latine Spima Hirci : in French, Barbe Renard : and in Englith for want ofa better name,Goats- 
Thorne: the liquoror gum that iffueth forth of the roots beareth the namealfo of Tragacantha sit 
is called in {hops Gumme Tragacanthe ; and ina barbarous manner Gummi Tragacanthi : in Englith, 
Gum Diagagant. A 

@ The Tenperature. 

This plant in each part thereofis ofa drying facultie without biting. It doth confolidate or 
slew rogerher finewes that be cut: butthe roots haue that facultie e{pecially, which are boyled in 
wine, aid the decodtion ginen vnto thofe that haue any griefeor hurt in the finewes. 

Gum Dragagant hath an emplafticke qualitic, by reafon whereof it dulleth or allayeth the 
fharpnefleof humors, and doth alfo fomthing dry, 

qq The Vertues. 

The Gumme is fingular good to be licked in with honey againft the cough, roughneffe of the 
throat,hoarfeneffe,and all tharpe and thin rheumes or diftillations : being laid vnder the tongue it 
taketh away the roughnefle thereof, . 

Being drunke with Cute or the deco&ion of Liquorice ittaketh away and allayeth the heat of 
the vrine : it is alfo vfed in medicines for the eyes. 


C_ Thegteateft part of thofe artificial! beades, {weet chaines, bracelets, and fuch like pretty fweet 


things of pleafure are made hard and fit to be worne by mixing the gum hereof with other fweets, 
being firft freeped in Rofe water till itbe foft. 


‘The figure which wasin thethird place was of the plant dcferibed in the fecond which Afatebiolus and Tabern, made their Porerium, but ic agreed not witla 
thedefeription which was caken out of the Aduer{e 


Cuar.26. Of the Lgyptian Thorne. 


+ 2 Acacia alteratrifolia, 


$ 1 Acacia Diofcoridis. 
Thorny Trefoile. 


The Egyptian Thorne. 


| Lis. 3. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 


gq T he Defeription, ctaae 


I ID eits maketh mention of Acacia, whereof the firft is the true and right Acaciawhich 
isa(hrub orhedge tree, but not growing right or ftraight vp as other {mall fmall trees 
do:his branches are wooddie,befetwith many hard and long Thorns;aboutwhich grow the leaues, 
compact of many {mall leaues cluftering about one fide,as in the Lentill: the floures are whitifh, 
the husks or cods be plaine and flat,yea very broad like vnto Lupines,efpecially on that fide where 
the feed growes,which is contained fometimes in one part,and fometimes in two parts ofthe husk, 
growing together ina narrow necke: the feed is fmooth and gliftering. There is a blacke iuice ta- 
ken out of thefe huskes, if they be dried in the thadow when they beripesburifwhen they are nor 
tipé,then it is fomewhat red ; fome do wring out a iuice out of the Jeauesand fruit: 
eth alfo a gum out of this tree,which is the gum of Arabia,called Gum Arabicke. 

2. Diofcorides having defcribed Spina Acacia, fetteth downe a fecond kinde thereof, calling it 
Acacia alteraywhich hath the three leaues of Ruc or Cytifus,and coddes like thofe of Geniftella, but 
fomewhat more blunt at the end,and thicke at the backe like a Rafor, and ftill groweth forward 
narrower and narrower,vntill it come to hauea fharpeedge: inthefe cods are contained three or 
foure flat feeds like Genz/fella,which before they wax ripe are yellow, but afterwards blacke : the 
whole plant groweth to the height of Geni/ta binofa,or Gorffe, both in thape, height, and refem- 
blance,and not tothe height ofatree, as 44aithiolus would perfuade vs, bur full of fharpe Thornes 
like the former. 


there flow- 


@ The Place, 

The true Acacia groweth in Egypt, Paleftina, Lombardie, and Syria, as Diofcorideswriteth ; 
among the fhrubs and trees that remaine alwaies greene, Acacia is noted for one by Petrus Belloni. 
mus,in his firft booke of Singularities,chap.44, 

The other Acacia groweth in Cappadocia and Pontus,as. D/o/corides writeth : it is alfo found in 
Corfica,and on divers mountaines of Italy,and likewife vpon all the coaft of Liguria and Lom. 
bardie,and vpon the Narbone coaft ofthe Mediterranean fea, 

: q The Time. 

Thefe floure in May, and their fruit is ripe in the end of Auguft. 

@ The Names, 

Thetree Acacia is named of the Graecians «sive, yea euien in our ti me,and likewife of the Latins 
Acacia: itis alfocalled eAgyptialpina : this ftrange thorne hath no Englifh name that I canlearn, 
and therefore it may keep ftill the Latine name Acacia,yet I haue named it the Egyptian thornes 
the iuice is called alfo Acaciaafter the name of the plant: the Apothecarics of Germanié doyfe 
in ftead hereof, the iuice that is preffed forth of floes or {nags,which they therefore call Acacia Ger 
manica + Matthiolys piGtureth for Acacia the tree which the later Herbarifts docall Arbor Inde, to 
which he hath votruly added Thorns,that hemight belie Acacia,and yet he hath not made it agtee 
with Dofiorides his defcription. 

They call this tape ¢ufua: in Latine Acacia altera > ortheother Acacia, and Pontica Acacia,or Pons 
ticke Acacia, 

@ The Nature. 

The iuice of Acacia,as Galen faith,confifteth not of one only fubftance,but is of fubftance both 
cold and earthie,to which alfo is coupleda cettaine waterie effence, and it likewife hath thin and 
hot parts difperfed in it felfe : therefore it is dry in the third degree, and cold-inthe firft ifitbenot 
wathed, and in the fecond, if ir be washed : for by wafhing it lofeth his fharpeand biting qualiry 
and the hot parts, 

| The Vertues. 

The iuice of Acacia ftoppeth the laske,the inordinate courfe of womens termes,and mans inuo- A 
luntarie iffire called Gonorrhea, if it be drunke in ted wine,» ~ 

Tt healeth the blaftings and inflammations ofthe eies, and maketh the skin and palmes of the B' 
hands {mooth after the healing of the Serpigo: ithealeth the blifters and extreme heat in the mouth, 
and maketh the baires blacke that are wathed therewith, 


Itis good, faith Diofcorides,againft S. Anthonies fire,the fhingles,Chimetla,Pretygia,andwhit- C 
lowes. 

The gum dothbinde and fomewhat coole : it hathal{o ioined vnto it an emplaiftick quality,by D 
which it duileth oralayeth the fharpnefle of the medicines wherewith it is mixed: Being applied 
with the whiteand yolk ofan egge.it fuffererh nor blifters to rife in burned or fealded parts. Diofe; _ 

The inice of the orher,faith Diofcorides,doth alfo binde, but it is not fo effeuall nor fo good in B 
eie medicines, 


_ 1 | Our Author gane bur formerly ong figure,which was that in the fecond plaeeyand he would haue Perfuaded vs,thar it Was ofthe sight dcéciayetin his deterips 
tiog hetells vs otherwaies . ; 


GHAPy: 


eS eee ee 
Of the Hiftery of Plants: Lip. 3 


1332 


{ 
Bj 
( 
! 
1Ahid 
t 


6 


Cuar. 27. Of box Thorne,and the ince thereof called Lycium. 
@ The Defiription. 


Ox ‘Thorne is a tare plant,in fhape not vnlike the Box tree,whetcof it hath beene recko- 
ned for awildekinde,hauing many great branches fet full of round and thicke leaues,ve- 
ty like that of the common Box tree = amongft which grow forth moft fharpe pricking 
thornes : the floures grow among the leaues, which yeeld forth fmall blacke berries ofa bitter taft, 
as big asa pepper corne: the iuice whereof is fomewhat oilie,and ofa reddifh colour;which bitter 
juice being fet on fire,doth burne with a matuellous cracking and fparkling the afhes thereofare of 
ared colour: it hath many wooddie roots growing aflope, 


bi 


-2 Lycium Hifpanicum. : 
Spanifh Box Thorne, 


1 Lycium, (ive Pyxcacantha. 
Box Thorne. 


2 Theotherkinde of Pyxacantha or Lycinm,groweth like vnto the common Priuet,hauing fuch 
like leaues,but fomewhat narrower: the tops of the flender {prigs are furnifhed with prickles: the 
rot is tough,and ofa wooddie {ubftance. 

| The Place. 

They grow in Cappadocia and Lycia,and in many other countries : it profpereth in rough pla- 
ces, it hath likewife been found in Languedoc,and Prouence in France: Bellonins writeth that hee 
found it in Paleftina, 

Matthiolus piGtureth for Box Thorne,a plant with box leaues,with very many boughes, and cer- 
taine thornes ftanding among them : but the notable Herbarift Anguillaraand others,hold opinion, 
that it is not the right, with whom wealfo do agree, 

There is drawne out of the leaues and branches of box Thorn, or as Pliny faith,out of the boughs 
and roots being throughily boiled,a inice,which is named Lycium. 

Diofiorides {aith,that the leaues and branches muft be braied jand the infufion made many daies 
in 


.Te . ———__— 
Lis, 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1333 
inthe decodtion thereof, after which the feces orwooddie ftuffe muft becaft away,and thatwhich 
remaineth boiled againe till it become as thickeas honie: Pliny faith, that the roots and branches 
are very bitter,and forthree dates together they mutt be boiled ina copper veffell, and the wood 
and fticks often taken out till the decoétion be boiled to the thicknefle ofhonie. 
q The Time. 
They floure in Februaric and March,and their fruit is ripe in September. 
The Names. 
Tt isnamed in Greeke 7%, which a man may call in Latine Buxea fpina : and in Englith, Box 
° ake f fo) 5) 

‘Thorne:of fome, A ffes Box Tree,and prickley Boxe: it is alfonamed Lycium, of the inice which js 
boyled out of ir: the iuice is properly called wa», and retaineth in Latine the fame name Lycinvm - 
itis termed in Englith Thorne box. But it feemeth to me, that the originall name Z ycrum is fitter, 
beinga {trange thing ,and knowne tovery few : the Apothecarics know it not, who in ftead thereof 
do vfe amiffe the iuice of the fruit of WWoodbinde,and that not without great errour,as we haue al- 
ready written. ¢ [tis vaknowne imour fhops,neither is there any thing vied for it,it being wholly 
out of vfe,wherefore our Author might here well haue {pared Dodoneus his words. 

Diofcorides teacheth tomake axau20f Sumach which is good for thofe things that Lycisr is, 
and is vfed when Lycinm is not tobe had,and itis fittobe put inall medicines in ftead thereof, 

The Temperature, 

Lycium,or the iuice of Box Thorne, isas Galen teacheth,of a drying qualitieand com pounded of 
diuers kindes of fubftances, one of thinne parts digefting and hot. another earthie and cold ,b 
which it enioyeth his binding facultie: it is hot ina meane,and therefore itis yfed for {cueral! purs 


poles. 


—y, 


SE StS 


q TheVertues, 

Lycium cleareth the fight, faith Dio{corides,it healeth the fcuruie feftred fores of the eye lids, the Ay 
itch,and old fluxes,or diftillations of humors; it isa remedie for the running of the eares;forvicers — 
th the gu mmes, and almonds of the throat,and againft the chappes or gallings of the lips and fun- 

ament. 


SS 


i 


F_ Thefigure which was in the 2.place,was ofthe Lyciwm Italicum of Matthiolus andothers ; but the defcriprion and title better fitted this Lycium Hifpanicum of 
Robel,which therefore I pur thereto, The figure alfo ofthe Lycinm talicum of Aatthjolus our Author gaue againc in the next chapter faue two. a 


Cuar. 28, Of Ramme or Harts Thorne. ; 


| The Kinds. 


AT the opinion of D iofiorides there be three forts of RAamnus,one with long, flat 8¢ foft leaues: 
the other with white leaues ; and the third with round leaues, which are fomewhat blackith 3 
Theophraftus and Pliny affirme that there are but two,the onewhite,and the other black,both which 
do beare Thornes : but by the labour and induftry of the new and late writers thereare found fun. 
dry forts moe,all which and euery one of them are plants of a wooddie fubftance,hauing alfo many 
ftraight twiggie and pliant branches,fet with moft fharpe pricking thornes, 
a The Defcription, 
% *PHisisa fhrubbe growing in the hedges, and bringing forth ftraight branches and hard 
5 Seg hs tothofe of the Hawthorne,with little leaues, long, fomething fat and fofts 
and this hath that notable learned man Clufiws defcribed more diligently in thefe words: the Ram 
is a fhrub fit to make hedges of,with ftraight branches, parting it felfe into many twigs, white,and 
fet with ftiffeand ftrong thornes,hauing leaues,which for the moft part grow by foures or fiues at 
the root of euery Thorne,long,fomething fat,like to thofe of the Oliue tree, fomewhat white, but 
tender and fullof iuice; which in Autumne doe fometimes fall off,leauing new growing in their 
places : the floures in Autumne are fomething long, whitifh, divided at the brims into fue parts 
intheir places is lefta feed, in fhew as in Gelfemine : notwithftanding it was neuer my chance to fee 
the fruit : the root is thicke and diuerfly parted. 

$ Lobferued another (faith the fame Author) almoft like to the former,but lower,and diuided 
into more branches,with leffer leaues,more thick and falt of tafte,and whiter alo than the former : 
the floures are like, in all things but their colour, thofe of the former which in this are purple. 

2 This hath more flexible ftalks and branches, and thefé alfo fet with thornes : the leaues are 
narrow, and not fo thicke or flefhie as thofe of the former, yet remaine alwaies greene like as they 
do: the floures are {mall and moflie,ofa greenith colour, growing thicke about the branches, and 
they are fucceeded by around fruit, yellowifh when itistipe, and remaining on the fhrubbe all the 

Sa er ey iter 


ot a 


“1 Rhamnus v.Clufy floalio. 
White floured Ram-thorne, 


Se SS 


: £ 2 Rhamnus 2. Clufy. 
/ Sallow-Thorne. 
SHE eth alae helm nw ot Aes 
4g oa Re 
= a \) 4 4 


ON 
a 


ZS 
TO SRE 


Of the Fliftory Plants: 


L133. 
£ Rhamnus alter Cluf. flore purpures 
Purple floured Banauene, : 


3 Ramnus tertins Clufj. 
Ram or Harts-Thotne. 


rn 


Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 3 35 


Winter: The whole fhrubbe lookes as if it were {princkled ouer with duft. 

3. To thefe may be added another growing with many branches to the height ofthe Sloe. tree 
or blacke Thorne,and thefe are couered with ablackith barke, and armedwith longiprickles : the 
leaues,as in the firft, grow forth of certaine knots many together,long narrow, ficfhie,greene, and 
continuing all the yeare: their cafte is. aftringent,fomewhat like that of Rhabarb.; the Houres thew 
themfelues at the beginning of the Spring,of a greenith colour,erowing thicke together,and neere 
the fetting on of the leaues; in Summer it carries a blacke fruit almoft likea Sloe,round,and har(h 
of tafte. 

q The Place. 

The firft of thefe growes in fundry places of Spaine,Portugall, and Prouince : the other varictie 
thereof Clfivs faith he found but onely inne place,and that wasneere the citic Horiyela,called by 
the Antients Orcells,by the riuer Seguta,vpon the borders of the kingdome of Valentia:the fecond 
growes in many maritime places of Plandersand Holland,and in fome vallies by rivers fides. The 
third growes in the vntilléd places of the kingdome of Granado and Murcia. $ 

ay The Time. 

This Ramis cuer greene together with his leaues : the fruit or berries remaine onthe fhrub,yea 
euen in Winter, 

‘ q The Names, 

The Grecians call this thorne jzww:'the Latinesalfo Khamnus - and of diuers it is alfo named 
meposgivier, acxsixeSes that is Spimaalba,orwhite Thorne, Spina Cerualis, or Harts-thorne, as we finde writ- 
ten among the baftard words. Atarcellusinameth it Spina falutaris, and Herbafalutaris , which hath, 
faith he,as it werea grape, Iris called in Italian arrucaand Rhamno: in Spanith,Scambrones : in 


Englith,Ram,or Harts Thorne. 
| The Temperature. 


The Ram, faith Galen, doth drieand digeft inthe fecond degree, it cooleth in the laterend of the 
firlt degree,and in the beginning of the fecond. 


| The Vertues. 


The leaues, faith Diofcorides,are layedipuleis wife vpon hot cholericke inflammations,and Saint 4 
Anthonies fire,but we muft vfe them whileft they be yet bur tender,as Galen addeth. 

$ The leaues and buds or young fhootsof the firft, are eatenas fallads with oile, vineger, and B 
falt,at|Salamanea and other:places of Caftile,-for.they haueacertaine acrimonie and. aciditie ~ a 
which are gratefull to the tafte . A decoétion of the fruit of the third is good to foment relaxed; 
and'weake or paralyticke members, andto éafe the paine of the gout,as the Inhabitants of Grana- 
do told Clufius. £ ; 


t ae Author ia this chapter gaue onely the figire of the third, andthe defeription ofthe frit, and the place of thefecond, with the mames and faculties ia 
general 


Caan. 29. Of Chrifts Thorne. 


q The Defcription. 


Hrifts Thorn or Ram of Lybia,is a very tough and hard fhrubby bufh,growing vp fomtetimes 

vnto the height ofa little tree,hauing very long and fharpe pricklie branches ; but the thornes 

that grow about the leaues are leffer,and not fo prickly as the former, The leaues’are fmall, 
broad,and almoft round, fomewhar fharpe pointed , firft ofa darke greene colour,and then fomwhat 
reddifh. The floures grow in clufters at the top of the ftalks,ofa yellow colour: the husks wherein 
the feeds be contained,are flat and broad, very like vnto final! bucklers as hard as wood,whetein are 
contained three or foure thin and flat feeds, like the feed of Line or Flax. 

; q The Place. 

This Thorne groweth in Lybia, it is better efteemed of in the countrey of Cyrene than is their 
Lote tree,as Pliny affirmeth. Of this thrub Diphilus Siphuius in Athenays inhis foureteenth booke 
pees mention, faying, thathee did yerie often cat of the fame in Alexandria that beautifull 

itie. 

Petrus Belloniss who trauelled ouer the Holly Land, faith, that this thrubbie thorne Palivrus was 

the 


Paliurus. our Chrift : his reafon {or the proofe hereof is 
Chrifts Thorne. this, that in ludaa there was not any thorne fo 
; common,fo pliant,or fo fit forte makea crown 
or garland of , nor any fo fulloferuell fharpe 
prickles. It groweth chroughout the whole 
countrey in fuch aboundance , thatit is their 
common fuellto burne ; yea fo common with 
them there,as our Gorffe,Brakes,and broome is 
here with vs. Jofephus inhis firfkbooke of An- 
tiquities,and 11.chap, faith, that this Thorne 
hath the moft fharpe prickles ofany other,and 
therefore that Chrift might be the more tor- 
- mented, the Iewes rather tooke this than any 
other. Of which I hauea {mall tree growing in 
my garden, that I haue brought forth by fow- 
ing of the feed. 
The Time, 

The Jeaues fall away: and continue not al- 
waies green,asdathofe of the Rams:it buddeth 
forth inthe Spring\as Pliny teftifieth, 

The Names, 

This Thorniefhrubbe is called in Greeke 
ea\eee: the Latines and Italians retaine the 
fame name Paliurus : for want of an Englifh 
name, it may be ‘termed Ramme of Lybia, or 
Chrifts Thorne: P/4imy reporteth, thar the feed 
is called Zura. 

q The Temperature. 

The leaues and root of Chrifts Thorne doe 

euidently binde and cut, 


a 


; q The vertues. 
A Byvertue of this cutting quality the feed dothweare away the ftone,and caufe tough and flimy 
humors to remoue out of the cheft and lungs, as Galen faith. 
B _ Thedecoétion of the leaues and root of Chrifts Thiftle,as Diofcorides writcth, ftoppeth the bel- 
: ly,prouoketh vrine,and is a remedy againft poifons,and the bitings of ferpents. ; 
C © The rootdoth wafte and confume away Phymata,and Oedemataif itbe{tamped and applied. 
D__ The feedis good for the cough, and weareth away the ftone in the bladder. 


Cuar.30. Of Buck-T horne,or laxatine Rem. 


@ The Defcription. 


no 


x Vck-thorne groweth in manner of a fhrub or hedge tree 5 his trunkce or body is often as 
: Bes asamans thigh; his wood or timber is yellow within,and his barke is of the colour 
fan ofa Cheftnut, almoft like the bark ofa Cherry tree. The branchesare befet with leaues 
hi’. that are fomewhat round,and finely {nipt about the edges like the leaues of the Crab or Wilding 
; tree :among which come forth Thornes which are hard and prickly:the floures are white and {mal, 
} i! which being vaded there fucceed little round berries,greene at'the firft,but afterwards black,wher- 
of that excellent greene colour is made,which the Painters and Limners docall Sap-greene ; but 
thefe berries before they be ripe do make a faire yellow colour,being fteeped in vineger: 

Th +t 2 Befides the common kinde ,C/ufins mentions two other; the firft of which hath bran- 
Ls 4 ches fome two cubits long, fubdiuided into diuers others, couered witha fmooth barke like that 
\ of the former,which,the ypper rinde being taken off, is of a yellowifh greene colour,and bitterifh 
tafte: the branches haue {ome few prickles vpon them, and commonly end in them:the leaues are 
almoft like thofe of thecommon kinde, but {maller, narrower,and fomewhat refembling thofe of 
the blacke Thorn, hauing fomewhata drying tafte :the floure coafifts of foure leaues of a yellowith 


greene 
¢ 


ogee = ene 


+, eb sions folucivas, $2 Rhamnus folutivus minor, 
Middle Buck-thorne. 


/ Buck-thorne. 
an : OE Bes 


A OMAN 4 


sh, 


wy, TS | 
ira ps ff 
t 3 Rhamnus folutions pumiluse greene colour :the root is wooddie as in other 
Dwarfe Buck-thorne. fhrubs:C/ufivs found this growing in the moun. 
4 \ tanous places of Auftria, and calls it Spinainfe- 


Goria pumila. 

3 This other hath branches fome cubite 
long,and of the thickneffe of ones little finger, 
or leffer, couered witha blacke and fhriuelled 
barke: and towards the top diuided into little 
boughs,which are couered with a thin & fmoo- 
ther barke,and commonly end in a fharp thorn: 
the leaues muchrefemble thofe of the Slo-tree 
yetare they fhorter and leffer, greene alfo, and 
{nipt about the edges; firft of an aftringent,and 
afterwards of fomewhat a bitterith tafte ; the 
floures which grow amongft the leaues are of 
an herby colour,and confift of foure leaues : the 
ftuit is not much vnlike thatof the former; but 
diftinguifhed with two,8z fomtimes with three 
crefts or dents, firft green, and then black when 
itis ripe: the root is thicke, wooddie and hard. 
Clufius found this on the hill aboue the Bathes 
of Baden, hee calls it Spina infeforiapumila 2. 
This catatthiolusand others call Lycium Itali- 
cum :andour Author formerly gaue the figure 
of Matthioluvs and Tabernamontanus, by the name 
of Lycium Hifpanicum, and here againe another 
forhis Rhamnus (olutious, whichmade mee to 
keepe itin this chapter, and omit ir inthe for- 
met,it being defcribed inneither, + 

Vuoun q The 


1A TR EEA SS 


s 


‘i Poa Y aye 4 > Linn 
! 


498 


OF the Hiftory of Plants, 


Lis, . 


The Place, , 

Buck-thorne groweth neere the borders of fields,in hedges,woods, and in other vntoiled places: 
it delighteth to grow in riuers and in water ditches ; it groweth in Kent in fundry places,as at Far- 
ningham vpon the cony burrowes belonging fometime to M’.S76il, as alfo vpon cony burrowes in 
Southfleet,efpecially ina {mall and narrow lane leading from the houfe of M‘. William Swan vnto 
Longfield downes, alfo in the hedge vpon the right hand at Dartford townes end towards London, 
and in many places more vpon the chalkie bankes and hedges, 

@ The Time. 

Tt floureth in May,the berries be ripe in the fallof the leafe. 

@| The Names. 

The later Herbarifts call itin Latine Rhamaus folutions, becaufe it is fet with thornes, like as the 
Ram,and beareth purging berries. Matthrolus namethit 5 pina infectoria¥ alerius Cordus,S pina Cerus, 
and diuers cal] it Burcifpina, Itis termed inhigh Dutch, Creukbeer Wweghdoes : in Italian, Spino 
Merlo,Spino Zerlino,Spino Cerwina : in Englith, Laxatiue Ram, Way-thorne, and Buck-chorne: in 
low Dutch they call the fruit or berries hijnbelfen, that is, as though you fhould fay in Latine 
Busce Rhenapa: in Englifh,Rheinberries : in French,Nerprun. ‘ 

@ The Temperature. 

The berries of this Thorne,as they be in tafte bitter and binding, fobe they alfo hot and dry in 
the fecond degree, 

q The Vertues. 

The fame do purge and void by the ftoole thicke flegme, and alfo cholericke humors : they are 
giuen being beaten into pouder from one dram toa dram and a halfe:diuers do nurhber the berries, 
who giueto ftrong bodies from fifteene to twenty or moe;but it is better to breake them and boile 
them in fat flef broth without falt,and to giue the broth todrinke : for fo they purge with leffer 
trouble and fewer gripings. 

Thereis preffed forth of the ripe berries a inice, which being boyled witha little Allum is vfed 
of painters for a deep greene,which they do call Sap greene. 

The berries which be as yet vnripe,being dried and infufed or fteeped inwater, do make a faire 
yellow colour;but ifthey be ripe they makea greene. : 


Cuar.31, Ofthe Holme,Holly,or Huluer tree. 


Agrifolium. 
The Holly tree. 
G Ss eee Holly is a fhrubbie plant,notwith{tan- 
: ding it oftentimes growes toatree ofa rea- 
fonable bigneffe : the boughes whereof are 
tough and flexible, couered with a fmooth and 
greenbark. The fuibftance of the wood is hard 
and found, and blackifh or yellowifh within, 
which doth alfo finke in the water,as doth the 
Indianwood which is called Graiacum: the 
leaues are of abeautifull green colour, fmooth 
and glib,like almoft the bay leaues, but leffer, 
and cornered in the edges with fharp prickles, 
which notwithftanding they want or haue few 
when the tree is old: the flouresbe white, and 
fweer of fmell:the berries are round,of the big- 
neffe of a little Peafe,or nor much greater, of 
colour red, of taft vnpleafant,with a white ftone 
in the midft,which do not eafily fall away, but 
hang on the boughes a long time: the root is 
wooddie. ° _ 

There is made of the {mooth barke of this 
tree or fhrub, Birdlime, which the birders and 
country men do vfe t6 take birds with:they pul 
off the barke, andmake a ditch in the ground, 
{pecially in moift boggy ,or foggy earth,wher- 
into they put this bark,couering theditch with 
boughes of trees, letting it remaine there till ir 
Be rotten and putrified, which willbe Hone 

rhe 


gq The Defcription. 


339 
the {pace of twelue daies or thereabout :which done, they take it forth, and beat in mortets vntill 
itbe come tothe thickneffe and clamminefle of Lime:laftly,that they may Cleare it from pieces of 
barke and other filthineffe,they dowath itvery often : after which they adde vnto ita little oyleof 
nuts,and after that do put it vp in earthen veffells. 

gq The Place. 

The Holly tree groweth plentifully in all countries.It groweth green both wintet and fommer; 
the berries are ripe in September, and they do hang vpon the treea long time after. T 

q The Names. 

This tree or fhrub is called in Latine Agrifolium : in Italian, 4erifoclio, and Acnifoglio: in Spa- 
nifh,4zebo: in high Dutch, y9alODdiftell, and of diuers Stecpalmest ¢ in low DutchAgulft: in 
French,Hoys and Hou(fon : in Englith, Holly, Huluer, and Holme. 

The Temperature, 
The berries of Holly are hot and drie,and of thin parts,and wafte away winde. 
q The Vertues. 

They are good againft the collicke : forten or twelue being inwardly taken bring away by the A 
ftoole thicke flegmaticke humors,as we haue learned of them who oftentimes made triall thereof, 

The Birdlime which is made of the bark¢ hereofis no lefle hurtfull chan that of Miffeltoe,for ir B 
ismaruellous clammie,it glueth vp all the intrails,it fhutteth and draweth together the guts and 
paffages of the excrements,and by this meanes it bringeth deftru@ion to man,not by any qualitie, 
butby his glewing fubftance. : : 

Holly beaten to ponder and drunke , isanexperimented medicine againft all the fluxes ofthe C 
belly,as the dyfenterie and firch like. 


Cuap. 32. Of the Oke. 


x Quercus vulgaris cumglande & mufio fuo, | The Defiription, 
The Oke Tree with his Acomes and Moffe, 

I SG He common Oke groweth to a 
great tree,the trunke or bedy wher- 
of is coueted ouerwitha thicke rough barke 
full of chops or rifts : the armes or boughs are 
likewife great, difperfing them(felues farre a- 
broad: the leaues are bluntly indented abour 
the edges,fmooth, and of a fhining greene co. 
lour,whereon is often found a moft fiweer dew 
and fomewhat clammie,and alfoa fungaus ex- 
ctefcence, which we call Oke Apples. The 
fruit is long, couered with a browne hard and 
tough pilling,ferin a rough fealy cup or husk: 
there is often found vpon the body of the tree, 
and alfo vpon the branches,a certaine kind of 
long white moffe hanging downe from the 
fame :and fometimes another wooddie plant, 
whichwe cal Miffeltoe,being either anexcre- 
{cence or outgrowing from the tree it felfe, or 
ofthe doung (as it is reported) of abird that 
hatheatenacertaineberrie. + Befides thefe 
there are about the roots of old Okes within 
theearth certaine other excrefcences, which 
Bauhine and others haue called Yue quercine, 
becaufe they commonly grow in clufters to- 
gether, after the manner of Grapes and about 
their bignes,being fometimes round, & other- 
whiles cornered,ofa woody fubftance, hollow 
within;and fomtimes ofa purple, otherwhiles 
of awhitith colour on the outfide : theirtafte 
is aftringent, and vfe fingular in all Dyfente: 
Vuuuu 2 ries 


1340 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L 1x.3. 


_ gies and fluxes of bloud,as Enceliys aflirmes, Cap. 51. de Lapid, & Gem, + 

3 Carolus Clufivs sepoxteth that hee found this bafe or low Oke not far from Lisbone, of the 
height of a cubite,which notwithftanding did alfo beare an acorne like that of our Oke tree, @uin 
that the cup is fmoother, and the Acorne much bitterer, wherein itdiffercth from the reft of his 
kinde. 


2 Quercus vulgaris cum excrementis fungofis. 3 Quercus humilis 
The common Oke with his Apple or gteene Gall, The dwarte Oke. 


There is a wilde Oke which rifeth vp oftentimes to a maruellous height,and reacheth very far 
with his armes and boughes, the body wherof is now and then of amighry thickneffe,in compafle 
two or three fathoms : it fendeth forth great fpreading armes,diuided intoa multitude of boughs, 
The leaues are fmooth,fomething,hard,broad,iong, gafhed in the edges, greene onthe vpper fide : 
the Acornes are long,but fhorter than thofe of the tamer Oke; cuery one fattened in his owne cup, 
which is rough without : they are covered with a thin rinde or hell: the fubftance or kernell with- 
in is diuided into two parts,as are Beans, Peafe,and Almonds:the bark of the yong Okesis fmooth, 
glibjand good to thicken skins and hides with,but that of the old Okes is ragged,thicke,hard,and 
full of chops : the inner fub (tance or heart of the wood is fomthing yellow,hard and found,and the 
older théharder : the white and outward part next to the barke doth eafily rot,being fubiet to the 
worme,efpecially ifthe tree be not felled in due time: fome of the roots grow deepe into the earth, 
and otherfome far ab road by which it ftiftely ftandeth. 

@ The Place. 

The Oke doth fearcely refufe any ground; for it groweth ina drie and barren foile, yet doth it 
profper better ina fruitful etound. it eroweth vpon hills and mountaines,and likewifein vallies: 
iteommethvp euery where in all parts of England,but is notfo common in other of the South 
and hot regions, 

@ The Time. 
aues forthe moft part about theend of Autumne: fome keepe their 
, vntill they be thruft off by the new fpring, 
a The Names. 
ke gyée: in Latine, Quercus -of fome, Placida.as Gaza tranflateth it.It may 
culza fome allo, Emeros mudion , and Robar <« the Macedonians tmudépun, 
as 


The Oke doth caft hi 
feaues on, but dry all 


Liss 3} Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 1341 


asthough you fhould fay Veriquercus, as Go expoundeth it, or Vere Quercws, the true Oke. We 
may name it in Englith, the tamer Oke-tree \:in F rench,Che/me : in Dutch, Epeken boomy 

The fruit is named inGreeke ®\«ne' inLat ine,G/aas : inhigh Dutch,Ciehel: in low Dutch, Gea 
Hel : in Spanith,BeWorws : in Italian, Chiande : in Englith, Acorne and Matt. 

The cup wherein the Acorne ftandeth isnamed in Greeke tus, as Paulus e&gineta inhis third 
booke,42 chapter teftifieth,{aying ,o mphacis is the hollow thing out of which the Acorne groweth: 
in Latine, Calix glandis :infhops, Cupula glands : in Englith,the Acorne cup, 

Gq) The Temperature and Vertues. 

The leaues,barke, Acorne cups,and the Acornes themfelues,doe mightily binde and drie inthe 4 
third degree,being fomewhat cold withall. 

The beftof them, faith Galen, is the thin skinwhich is ynder the barke of the tree,and that next, B 
which lieth neereft to the pulpe,or inner fub ftance of the Acorne-all thefe ftay the whites,the reds ; 
{pitting of bloud and lask es: the decoction of thefe is ginen,or the pouder of them dried, for the 
purpofes aforefaid. 

Acornes ifthey be eaten are hardly concocted, they yecld no nourifhment to mans body, but 
that which is groffe,raw,and cold. _ 

Swine are fatted herewith,and by feeding hereon haue their fleth hard and found, 

The Acorns prouoke vrine,and are good againft all venomeand poifon,but they are not of fich 
a ftopping and binding facultie as the leaues and barke. 

The Oke apples are good againft all fluxes of blond and lasks,in what manner foeuer they be ta - 
ken,but the beft way is to boile them in red wine,and being fo prepared;they are good alfo againft 
the excefliue moifture and {welling of the iawes and almonds or kernels of the throat. 

The decoétion of Oke apples ftaieth womens difeafes , and caufeth the mother that is falne G 
downe to returneagaine to the naturall place, ifthey doe fit ouer the faid decoction being very 
hot. 

The fame ftceped in ftrong white wine vineger,witha little pouderof Brimftone,and the root of H 
Treos mingled together,and fer in the Sun by the fpace ofa moneth, maketh the hairebl acke,con- 
fumeth proud and fuperfluous fleth,taketh away fun-burning, freckles, {pots the morphew,withall 
deformities of the face, being wathed therewith. 

The Oke Apples being broken in funder about the time of their withering, do forefhew the fe- I 
quell of the yeare,as the expert Kentith husbandmen haue obferued by the living things found in 
them : as if they finde an Ant,they foretell plenty of graine to infue :if a white worme like a Gen- 
till or Magot,then they prognofticate murren of beafts and cattell; ifa {pider, then (fay they) wee 
fhall haue a peftilence or fome fuch like ficknefle to follow among{t men: thefe things the lear- 
ned alfo haue obferued and noted ; for Matthiolus writing vpon Déo/corides faith, that before they 
haue an hole through them,they containe inthemeithera fliea {pider, or aworme if a flie, then 
war infueth,ifa creeping worme,than fearcitie of viduals; ifa running {pider,then followeth great 
fickneffe or mortalitic. 


mo Oo 


Acs) 


ieeeeeennennneeeeeenane eee 


Cuap. 33. Of. the Scarlet Oke. 


q The Kindes, 


A though ‘Theophrajtus hath made mention but of one of thefe Holmeor Holly Okes onely,yet 
hath the later age fet downe two kindes thereofone bearing the fcarlet grain,and the®ther on- 
ly the Acorn:which thing is notcontrary to Diofcoridés his opinion, for he intreateth of that which 
beareththe Acorne,in his firftbooke, among 4‘ or the Okes ; and the other hee defcribeth in his 
fourth booke ,vnder the title sx e<qxm orCoceus Baphice. 


q The Defcription . 


*T He Oke which beareth the {carlet graine is a {mall tree,in manner of a hedge tree,ofa meane 
'® bigneffe,hauing many faire branches or boughes fpread abroad : whereon are fet leaues,green 
aboue,white vnderneath, fnipt about the edges,and at euery corner one fharpe prickle,in manner 0 f 
the {moother Holly : among which commeth fometimes,but not often, {mall Acornes,ftanding in 
little cups or husks armed with, prickes as fharpe as thornes, and of a bitter tafte. Befides the 
Acornes,there is found cleauing vato the wooddiebranches,a certaine kinde of berries,or rather an 
excre{cence,of the fubftance of the Oke Apple,and of the bigneffe of a Peafe,at the firft white,and 
of the colour ofafhes when they be ripe, in which are ingendred little Maggots, which feeme 
- Vuuuu 3 te 


eo 


ee es 


1242 ‘ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.3 


to bewithout life vntill they feeleth e heat of 
188 Gobet the fun,and then they creep, and feeke to fie a. 
ihe Scasler Oe: way. But the people of thecountrey (which 
make a gaineofthem) doe watch the time of 
their flying, euen as we doe Bees, which they 
then take and put intoa linnen bag, wherein 
theyfhake and boult them vp and downe yntil 
they be dead, which they make vp into great 
lumpes oftentimes, and likewife fell them to 
diers apart,euen as they were taken forth ofthe 
bag, whereof is made the moft perfeét Scarler, 

| The Place. 

This Oke groweth in Languedocke, and in . 
the countries thereabout,and alfo in Spain:but 
it beareth not the fearlet grain inal] places,bur 
in thofe efpecially,which lie towards the Mid- 
land {ea,and which be fubied to the feorching 
heat of the Sun, as Carolus Clu(ins witneffeth; & 
not there alwaies, for when the tree waxeth old 
it growes to be barren, Then do the people cut 
and lop itdowne, that after the young fhoots 
haue attained to two or three yeares growth, it 
may become fruitful againe. 

Petrus Bellonins in his books of Singularities 
fheweth, that Coccus Baphicus or the Scarlet 
graine doth grow in the Holy land, and neere 
to the lakewhich is called the Seaof Tiberias, 
and that vpon little trees, whereby the inhabi- 
tants get great ftore of wealth, who feperat the 
husks from the pulpe or Magots, and fell this 
being made vp into balls or Jumpes,much dea- 
rer than the emptie fhels or husks. 

Of this graine alfo Panfanias hath made mention in his tenth booke, and fheweth, that the tree 
which bringeth forth this graine is not great, and alfo groweth in Phocis,which isa countrey in 
Macedonia neere tothe Boetians,not far from the mountain Parnaflus. 

Theophraftus writeth,that ef, or the Scarlet Oke,isa great tree,and rifeth vp to the height ofthe 
common Oke: among ft which writers there are fome contrarietie. Petrus Bellonius reporteth itis a 
little tree,and Theophraftus a great one,which may chance according to the foyle and climate ; fot 
that vpon the ftonic mountaines cannot grow to that greatnefle as thofe in the fertill grounds, 

Gq The Time, f 5 

The little graines or berries which grow about the boughes begin to appeare efpecially in the 
Spring,when the Southweft windes do blow : the floures fall and are ripe in Iune,together with the 
Maggots growing in themwhich receiuing life by the heat of the Sun,do forthwith flie away (in 
manner ofa Moth or Butterflic) valeffe by the care and diligence of the keepers, they be killed by 
much and often fhaking them together, as aforefaid, : ‘ 

The tree or fhrub hath his leaues alwaies greene: the Acornes be very late before they be ripe, 
feldome before new come vp in their place. 

q The Names, 
The Scarlet Oke is called in Grecke «im:in Latine Mex : the laver writers, Ilex Coccigera,or Coeci- 


feras in Spanith,Cofco/a: for want of a it Englifh name, we haue thought good to call it bythe 


name of Scarlet Oke,or Scarlet Holme Oke: for J/ex is named of fome in Englith, Holme, which 
fignifierh Holly or Huluer. But this Z/ex,as well as thofe that follow, might be called Holm Oke, 
Huluer Okc,or Holly Oke, for difference from the fhrub or hedge tree Agrifolivmwhich is fimply 
called Holme,Holly,and Huluer, ‘ 

The graine or berrie that feructhto die with is properly called in Greeke waxes Aap: in Latine, 
Cocens infectoria,or Coccum infeétorium : Pliny alfo nameth it Cufélinm: ot as moft men doe teade it, 
Quifquilium : the fame Author faith,that itis likewife named Scolecion,or Maggot berrie. 

The Arabians and the Apothecaries doeknow itby the name of Chefmes, Chermes, and Kermes : 
They are deceived who thinke that Che/mes doth differ from Infectorinm Coccnm : it is called in Tta- 
Nan, Grano detinctori : in Spanifh,Grava detintoreros : in high Dutch, Sachavlachbeevs in French, 
Vermillon, 


Siecle gk oa ian esa 2 Tee <I RE cen Seaatensocses 
Lin, 3 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1343 
Fermillon, and Graine @ efcarlate: in Englifh, after the Dutch, Scarlet Berry,or Scarlet graine and 
afterthe Apothecaries word; Coccus Baphicus : the maggot within is thatwhich isnamed Cutcho.. 
nele, as moft dodeeme. 

Theophraftus {aith the Acorne or fruit hereof is called of diuers, ‘swin, Acylum, 

q The Temperature and Vertues, 

This graine is aftringent and fomwhat bitter, and alfo dry without fharpneffe and biting, there. A 
fore, faith Galen, it is good for great wounds and finewes thatbe hurt, if itbe layd thereon : fome 
temper it with Vineger , others with Oxymel or fyrrup of vineger. 

It iscommended and giuen by the Jarer Phyitians to ftay the Menfes :it is al{o counted among B 
thofe Simplewhich be cordials, and good to ftrengthen the heart. Ofthis gtaine that noble aad 
famous confection Al/kermes, made by the Arabians, hath taken his name, which many doe highly 
commend againft the infirmities of the heart:notwithftanding it was chiefly deutfed in the begin. 
ning for purging of melancholy ; which thing is plainly perceiued by the great quantitie of Lapis 
LaXulus added thereto: and therefore {ecing that this {tone hath in ita venomous quality,and like- 
wife a property to purge melancholy, it canot of it felfe be good for the heart,but the other things 
be good, which be therefore added, that they might defend the heart from the hurts of. this ftone, 
and corre& the malice thereof, 

This compofition ts commended againft the trembling and fhaking of the heart, and for fwou. C 
nings and melancholy paflions, and forrow proceeding ofno euidentcaufe : it is reported to recre- 
ate the minde, and to make a man merry and ioyfull, 

It is therefore good againft melancholy difeafes, vaine imaginations, fighings, etiefe and for. D 
row without manifelt caufe, for that it purgeth away melancholy humors : after this maner it may 
becomfortable forthe heart, and delightfull to the minde, in taking away the matcriall caufe of 
forrow : neither can it otherwife ftrengthena weake and feeble heart,valeffe this ftone called Lapis 
Cyaneus be quite left out. 

Therefore he that is purpofed tovfe this compofition againft beatings and throbbings of rhe E 
heart, and fwounings, and that not asa purging medicine, fhalldowelland wifely by leauing out 
the ftone Cyaneus ; for this being taken ina littleweight or fimall quantitie, cannot purgeatall,bue 
may inthe meane feafon troudle and torment the ftomacke, and withall thorow his tharpe and ve- 
nomous qualitie (if it be oftentimes taken) be very offenfiue to the guts and intrailes,and by this 
meanesbring more harme than good. 

Morcouer, it is not neceffarie, no nor expedient, that the briftle died with Cochenele, called 
Chefmes, as the Apothecaries terme it, fhould be added to this compofition, for this briftle is not 
died without Auripigmentum, called alfo Orpiment, and other pernitious things ioyned therewith, 
whofe poyfonfome qualities are added to the luyces together with the colour, ifcither thebriftle ° 
or died filke be boyled in them. 

The berries of the Cochenele muf be taken by themfelues, which alone are fufficient to dythe G 
iuices, and to impart ynto them their vertue :neither is it likewife needful] to boile the raw filke 
together with the graines, as moftPhy fitians thinke : this may be left out, for it maketh nothing 
at all for the ftrengthning of the heart. : 


sy 


Lu eat 
eee 


Cuar. 34. Ofthe great Skarlet Oke. 


The Defiription. 
Hegreat Skarlet Oke, orthe great Holme Oke, groweth many times to the full height of a 
tree, fometimes as big as tht: Peare tree, with boughes far {preading like the Acorne orcom- 
mon Matt trees : the timber is firme and found : the leaues are fet with prickles round about the 
edges, like thofe of the former Skariet Oke : the leaues when the tree waxeth old haue onthem no 
prickles at all, butare fomwhat bluntly cut or indented about the edges, greene on thevpper fide, 
and gray vnderneath: the Acorne ftandeth ina prickly cup like our common Oke Acorne, which 
when it is ripe becomimeth ofa browne colour, with awhite kernel within of tafte not vnpleafant. 
There is found vpon the branches of this tree a certaine kinde of long hairy moffe of the colour of 
athes, not valike to that of our Englith Oke. + This tree is cuer greene, and at the tops of the 
branches about the end of May, here in England, carrieth divers long catkins of moffie yellow 
floures which fall away,and are not fucceeded by the acornes, for they grow out vpon other ftalks. 
Clufius 10 the yearé-t 5 8 1 obf{erued twotrees »the one ina garden abouerhe Bridge, and the other 
inthe priuat garden at White-Hall,hauing leffer leaues than the former-'The later of thefe is yet 
ftanding, and cuery yearg beares {mall Acornes, which I could never obferuc to come to any ma- 
turitie, £ 


aT 


q The 


a il i am ea 


ee 


FR Tie REE ip a 


BAd Ofthe Hifterie of Plants, L 12.3. 


= . 


Ilex maior Glandifera. : F  Wicis ramus floridus. 
The greatSkarlet Oke. The floures of the great Skarlet Oke, 


q The Place. 


In diuets places there are great woods of thefe trees, hills alfoand vallies are beautified there- 
with : they grow plentifully in many countries of Spaine,and in Languedocke and Pronence in 
great plenty. It is likewife found in Italy. It beareth an Acorne greater, and ofa larger fize than 
doth the tame Oke; in {ome countries leffer and fhorter : they are ftrangers in England, notwith- 
ftanding there is here and there a tree thereof, that hath been procured from beyand the feas ;-one 
groweth in her Maiefties Privy Gardenat White-Hall, neere to the gate that leadeth into the 
fireet,and in fome other places here and there one. 

q The Time. 

Itis greene atall times of the yeare zit is late before the Acornes be ripe.Clufins reporterh, that 

he faw the floures growing in clufters of a yellow colour in May. 
@] The Names. 

This Oke is named in Greeke ext : in Latine, Jex : in Spanith, Ev%ina: in Italian, Elize : in 
French, Chefnenerd : in Englith, Barren Skarlet Oke, or Holme Oke, and alfo of fome, French or 
Spanith Oke. 

The Spaniards call the fruit or Acorne Bellora, or Abillota, Theophra/tws {eemeth to call this tree 
NOt Primos, but Smilax ; forhe maketh mention but of one J/ex onely, and that is of Scatlet Oke ; 
and he fheweth that the Arcadians donot call the other Zex;but Sailax : for the name Smilax is of 
many fignifications : there is Smilax among the Pulfes,which is alfo called Dolichus,and Phafeolus: 
and Smilax afpera,and Leuis, among ft the Binde-weeds::likewife Smilax is taken of Diofcorides to 
be Taxus, the Yew tree. Of Smilax, Theophraftws writeth thus inhis third booke: the inhabitants 
of Arcadia docallacertaine tree Smilax, being likevnto the Skarlet Oke: the leaues thereof be 
not fet with fuch tharpe prickles, but tendererand fofter. 

__ Of this Smilax Pliny alfowriterh, in his fixteenth booke, chap. 6. There be of //ex,faith he,two 
kindes, Ex 9s iv Italia folio non multum ab oleis diftant called of certain Grecians Syilaces, inthe pro- 
ninces _Aquifilia : in which words, in ftead of Oliue trees may perchance be more truly placed 
Suberis, or the Corke tree ; for this kinde of Ilex or Smilaxis not reported of any of theold writers 

to 


tle leafe. 
@ The Temperature and V ertues. 

The leaues’of this Oke haue force to coole and répell or keepe backe, as haue the leaues of the 
Acornes‘or Maft trees: being ftamped or beaten, and applied, they are good for foft fvellings,and 
ftrengthen weake members. 

The barke of the root boiled in water vntill it be diffolued, and Jayd-on all night, maketh the 
haire blacke,being firft fcoured with Cimolia, as Diofcorides faith, 

Clufius yeporteth, that the Aicorne is efteemed of, eaten,and brought into the merket to be fold, 
in the city of Salamanca in Spaine, and in many other places of that countrey ; and of this Acorne 
Pliny alfo hath peraduenture written, 14,16. cap.5. i thefewords: Moreouer, at this day in Spain 
the Acorne is ferued for a fecond courfe. ; 


Cuar. 35. Ofthe great Holme-Oke. 


1 Cerrismaiore Glande, 2 Cerrss minore Glande. 
The Holme Oke with great Acornes, The Holme Oke with leffer Acoras, 


AIS 
5 

F: 

Ks 


G The Defeription. 


zt fA Mong thewilder Okes this is not the leaft, for his comely proportion, although vai: 
profirable fof timber, to make coles, carts, Wainfcot, houfes, or fhips of: the fruit 

is not fit forany man or beaft to cate, neither any propertie knowne for the vfe of phy- 

ficke or furgerie : ir groweth yp to the height ofa faire tree, the trunke or body is great,and verie 
faire to looke vpon : the wood or timber foft and f{pongie, {earce good to be burned :from which 
fhooteth forth very comely branches difperfing themfelues farre abroad; whereon are fet for 
the mot part by couples very faire leaues, greene aboue, and of an ouerworne ruffer colour vnder= 
neath, cut or fniptabout the edges very deepe: the Acorne groweth fait vnto the boughes, with 
outany foor-falke at all, being very like vato our common Acorne, fet ina rough and prickly cup 
like an Hedge-hog or the Chefuut huske, of a harth tafte, and hollow within: this tree bee a 
bringeth 


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B46 


OF the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 3. 


bringeth forth oft times a certain fmooth 
kinde of Gall not altogether vnprofitable, 
This Oke likewife bringeth forth another 
kinde ofexcrefence,which the Graucr hath 
omitted in the figure, which is called in 
Greeke oe: Gaza nameth it Penis. Thi 
Penis or pricke is hollow, moffie, hangi: 
dowae halfe a yard long, like a longras ¢ 
linnen cloath. 

2 The fecond is altogether like the 
firft, fauing that this beareth {maller A- 
cores , and the whole tree is altogether 
leffe, wherein confifteth the difference. 

+ Both this & the former cary floures 
cluftering vpon long ftalkes, likeas in the 
common Oke ; butthe fruit doth not fuc- 
ceed them , but grovx forth in other pla- 


+ 


ces. + 


£ Cerri minorts ramulus cum fore. 
A branch of the {maller Holme Oke with floures. 


q The Place. 

This Oke groweth in vntoiled places, it 
is feldome times found, and that bur in 
Woods onely : it is for the moft part vn- 
knowne in Italy,as P/iay reporteth. 

The Time, 

They bring forth their fruit or Acornes 

in the fall of the leafe, 


| The Names. 

This Oke is called in Greeke ‘animp: in 
Latine, Cerrvs : yet doth Pliay make men- 
tion both of eAes/ops, and alfo of Cerrus : ® 
‘Anhat is likewife one of the difeafes of 
corne, called in Latine Fe/tuca : in Englith, wilde Otes, and-far differing from the tree eAigilops. 

That which hangeth from the boughs, Pliny lib 16. cap.8.calleth Panus onely : chatacorne tree 
named eAigz/ops bringeth forth Paros arentes,withered prickes, couered with white moffie lags han- 
ging downe, not only in the barke, butalfo from the boughes, halfe a yard in bigneffe, bearing a 
{weet {mell, as we haue faid; among ointments, 

@| The Temperature and Vertues, 

We finde nothing written of the faculties of this tree among the old Writers, neither of our 

Owne experience. ; 


C mae, 36. Of the Corke Oke. 


| The Defcription. 


He Corke tree is of a middle bigneffe like vnto Mex, or the barren skarlet Oke , bur 

with a thicker body,and fewer boughes : the leaues be for the moft part greater,broa- 

der, rounder, and more nicked in the edges : the barke of the tree is thicke, very rug- 

ged, and full of chinkes or crannies that cleaueth and diuideth it felfe into pieces, which vnileffe 

they be taken away in due time do giue place to another barke growing vnderneath, which when 

the old is remoued is maruellous red, as though it were painted with fome colour : the Acorne 

ftandeth ina cup, which is great, briftled, rough, and full of prickles: this Acorne is alfo aftrin- 

gent or binding, more vopleafant than the Holme Acorne, greater in one place, and leffe in ano- 
ther. 

2 The Corke treewith narrow leaues groweth likewife to the height and bigneffe of a great 
tree; the trunke or body whereof is couered with a rough and feabbed barke of an ouerworn blac: 
kith colour,which likewife cleaneth atid cafteth his coat when the inner barke groweth fomwhat 
thicke: the branches are long, tough, and flexible, eafie'to be bowed any way, like thofe of the 
; . Oziar ; 


of 


Of the Hiftory of Plants, 647 
Ozxiar ; whereupon do grow leaues like thofe of the precedent, but longer, and little or nothing in- 
dented about the edges : the fruit groweth in fmall cupsas the Acornes doe: they are Jefler than 
thofe of the other kinde, as is the reft ofthe tree, wherein is the chiefeft difference. + This varies 
in a leafe, (as you may fee in the figure) which in fome is fhipt about the edge,in other fome not 
atall, 


a Hee’ 


1. 2. Suber latifoliam cy angnflifolinm. 
The Corke tree with broad and narrow leaues. 


q The Place. 

Te groweth in the tountrey of Aquitania,ncere to the mountaines called Pyrenei: it alfo grow. 
cth plentifully in the kingdomes of Spaine, differing fomewhat ftom that of A quitania,as Clufine 
declaréth: it is likewife found in Italy, and that inthe territorie of Pifa, with a longer leafe, and 
tharper pointed ; and about Rome with a broader, and cut in the edges like a faw, and rougher, as 
Matthiolus teftifieth. 


| The Time. 

The leaues of the firft are alwaies greene in Spaine and Italy, about the Pyrenean mountaines 
they fall away in Winter. 

q The Names. 

This tree is called in Grecke 2%: in Latine Suber : in French, Liege : in Italian, Sugaro - the 
famic names do alfo belong to the barke : the Spaniards call the tree Alcornogse : the Englifhmen, 
Corke tree ; and the barke, Corcha de Ld lornoque ; whereupon the Low-countrey men and Englith 
men alfo do callit Corke ; and yet it is called in low-Dutch alfowplothout, 

The Temperature and V ertues. 

This barke doth manifeftly dry, with a binding facultie. 

Being beaten to ponder and taken in water it Hancheth bleeding in any part of the body. The 
Corke which is taken out of wineveffels, faith Paw/ws, being burnt, maketh athes which do migh- 
tily dry, and are mixed in compofitions diuifed againft the bloudy flix. : 

Corke is alfo profitable for many things : itis ved (faith Plmy) about theauchors of fhips,Fi- 
fhers nets, and to {top veffels with ; and in Winrer for womens fhooes,which vfe remaines with vs 
cuento this day: fifhermen hang this bake vpon the wings of their nets for feare of finking : and 
hoo-makers put it in (hooes and pantofles for warmneffe fake, 

CHAP. 


348 —~*«*~*«Ci the: iftory of Plants. Lin. 3. 


Cuar.37- Of the Gab tree. 


q The Kémdes. 


F trees that bring forth Galls there be diuers forts,as may appeare by the diners formes ard 
forts of Galls fet forth in this prefent chapter, which may ferue for their feueral! diftinéti- 
ons, whereof fome bring forth Acornes likewife, and fome nothiag but Galls : the figures 
of (ome few of the trees fhall giue you fufficient knowledge of the reft : for all the Acome or Maft 
trees bring forth Galls, but thofe trees whofe figures we haue fet forth do beare thofe Galls fit for 
medicine, and to thicken skins with. 
Diofcorides and Galen make but two forts of Galls ; the one little, yellow, full ofholes,and more 
fpongie in the inner part, both of them round, hauing the forme of a little ball,and the other 
mooth andeuen on the out fide : fince, the laterwrirers haue found moe, fome hauing certain lit- 
tle knobs {ticking forth, like in forme to the Gall, which doth alfocleaue and grow without ftalke 
tothe leafe. There is alfo found a certaine excrefcence of alight greene colour, {pongicand wa- 
terie, in the middle whereofnow and then is found a little flie or worme:which foft ballin hot 
aountries doth oftentimes become hard, like the little fmooth Gall, as Theophraflus faith. 


a Galla, fiue Robur mains. : $ 2 Robur, fine Galla maior aliera. 
The great Gall tree, Another great Gall tree. 


; H i 
fl 
ha) | q The Defeription, 
ae 
i 14 He i He Gall tree stowes vp to’ fufficient height, hauing avery faire trunk or body,where- 
i aie onare placed long twiggy branches bringing forth very faire leaues, broad, and nic- 
er | ked in the edges like the teeth of a faw : among, which come forth acornes , although 
4 Ry i} the figure expreffe not the fame, like thofe of the Oke, and likewtfe a wooddy excrefcence, which 


t. 
1h 

i we name the Gall, hauing certaine {mall eminences or bunches on the out fide, growing for the | 
imes they grow at the ends thereof; 


mot part vpon the flender branches without ftalks,and fomtimes ti 
which by the heate of the Sun are harder, greater, and more follid in one countrey than another, 
according tothe foile and clymat. Li eae 

+ 2 31S 


Lin. 3. OF the Hiftory of Plants, 


174 
B49 
3 Galliminor. *¢ 2 This growestothehcicht df a tal] 
The little Gall tree, ° man, hauing leaves deepely dinided on the ed: 


ges like the Oke, and ¢ 
hairy and hoary bel 
ofthe bigneffe of a pi 
great plenty, & without any ¢ 
eth indiuersiparts of old Caf 
inall the mountainous woods al 
Auftria.¢ 

3_ The Jeffer Gall tree differeth not from 
the former, fauing that it is altogether leffer : 
the fruit and Gallis likewife lefler, wherein e- 
{pecially confifteth the difference, 

q The Place, 

The Galls are found in Italy, Spaine, and 
Bohemia,and moft of the hor regions, 

| The Time, 

The Gall, faith P/iny,appeareth oreommeth 
forth when the Sun commeth out of the figne 
Gemini, and that generally in one night. % 

: gq The Names. ° 

The Gall tree is called Quercas, Robur, and 
Galle arbor : the Gall is called in Greeke sax, « 
the Apothecaries and Italians keepe the name 
Galla for the fruit : in high- Dutch, Galopffel ¢ 


: in low- Dutch, @alnoten s in Spanith, agatha 
Galha, and Bugatha : in French, Noix de Gaile : in Englith, Gaules, and Galls. 


reen aboue,but 
esa great Gall 


@ The Temperature and Vertues, 

The Gall called omphacitis, as Galen writeth, is dry in the third degree, and cold in the fecond : 
it isa very harfh medicine, it faftneth and draweth together faint and flacke parts,as the ouerprow= 
ings in the flefh: it repelleth and keepeth backe rheumes and fitch like fluxes, and doth effeGual- 
ly dry vp the fame, efpecially when they haue a defcent into the gums,almonds of the throat, and 
other places of the mouth, 

The other Gall doth dry and alfo binde , but fo much leffet, by how much the harth or choking 
qualitie is diminifhed : being boyled, beaten, and al{oapplied inmanner of a plaifteris laid with 
Good fucceffe vpon the inflammations of the fundament,and falling downe thereof: it is boiled 
in water if there be need of little afttiGion , and inwine, efpecially in auftere wine, if more need 
tequire. 

“Galls arevery profitable againft the Dyfenterie and the Ceeliacke paffion,being drunk in wine, 
or the pouder thereof ftrewed vpon meats, . 

. Galls are vfed in dying and colouring of fundry things, and in making of inke, 

Laft ofall, burnt Galls doe receiue a further facultic, namely to ftanch bloud, and are of thin 
parts, and of a greater vertue to dry than be thofe that are not burnt : they muft bedlayd vpon hot 
burning coles vntill they come tobe thorow white, and then they are to be quenched in Vineger 
and wine. 

Moreouer, Galls are good for thofe that are troubled with the bloudy flix and common laskes, 
being taken in wine or water, and alfoapplied or vfed in meats : finally,thefe are to be vfed as oft as 
need requireth to dry and binde. 


Oke Applesare much of the nature of Galls, yet are they far inferiour to them, and of leffer 
force. 


t Our Author out of Tabernammsanas gine the figures of fourteene racieies of Galls ; ome being large, otbers fail ; feme round, ochers Tongith, anc osher 
forts diuerlly cornered, 


Xxxxx Cuars 


is 


mo 


BE 


G 


ne ee 


Ofthe Hifterie of Plants. L LB.3e 
Cir P. 38 f 
Of Mifeltoe or Mifteltoe. 
if Vi CH The Defcription. 
aj. Mifleltoe. A A 
EEA alsa Bellet I 7 ee or Miffeltoe hath many flendet 
‘ branches {pred ouerthwart one ano- 


ther, and wrapped and interlaced one 
within another:the bark whereof is ofa light green 
or Popinjay colour :the leaues of this branching 
excrefcence be of a browne greene colour : the 
floures be {mal and yellow : which being paft,there 
appeare fmall clufters of white tranflucent berries, 
which are fo cleare that a man may fee through 
them, and are full of clammy or vifcous moifture, 
whereof the beft Bird-lime is made, far exceeding 
that which is madeof Holme or Holly barke sand 
within this berry is a {mall blacke kernell or feed : 
this excrefehce hath not any root, neither doth en- 
creafe himfelfe of his feed,as fome haue fuppofed ; 
but it rathercommeth of a certaine moifture and 
fubftance gathered together vpon the boughes and 
ioints of the trees, through the barke whereof this 
vaporous moifture proceeding, bringeth forth the 
Miffeltoe. Many haue diuerfly fpoken hereof: fome 
of the Learned haue fetdowne that it comes of the 
dung ofthe bird called a Thruth,who hauing fed 
of the feeds thereof, as eating his owne bane, hath 
voided and left his dung vpon the tree,whereof was 
ingendred this berry, a moft fit matter to make 
lime of to intrapand catch birds withall. 

2 Indian Miffeltoe groweth likewife vpon the 
branches of trees,running along ft the fame in man- 
. her of Polypodie :the ftrings of the roots are like 
thofe of Couch-graffe; from which rife vp ditters {talks fmooth and euen, fet with joints and knees 
at certain diftances: toward the top comes forth one leafe ribbed like the Plantain leafe, whereon 
are marked certaine round eyes fuch as arein the haft of a knife; from the bofome whereof com- 
meth fortha chaffie branch, fet with {mall leaues which continue greene winter and Sommer. 


2 Viftum Indicum Lobel, 


. 3 Viftum Peruvianum Lobely. 
Indian Miffeltoe. 


Miffeltoe of Peru. 


LZ 


ES 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 135% 


3 “There is foundalfo another plant growing vpon the boughes or branches of trees, in maner 
as our Miffeltoe doth, and may very well be reckoned asa kinde thereof ; the plant cleaueth ynto 
the branches,being fet thereto as it were with the pillings of the fea onion,of the bredth ofa mans 
hand toward the bottome, and fomewhat hollow : the tops whereof are very fmall and ru thy , hol- 
low likewife,and of a purple colour : amiong which comes forth a branch like that of Haffula Regia; 
‘or the Kings Speate,refembling the'buth of Otes,couered with a white filke,{uch as is to be found 
in Afclepias, of a falt and nitrous tafte, and very vnpleafant. 

@ The Place. 

The fir kinde of Miffelroe groweth vpon Okes and diuers other trees almoft euery where ; as 
for the other two they are ftrangers in England. 

; @ The Time. 

Miffeltocis alwaies greene as well in Winter as in Sommer : the berries are ripe in Autumne ; 
they remaine all VWVinter thorow, and area food for diuers birds, as Thrufhes, Blacke-birds, and 
Ring-doues, 

. : q The Names. 

' Miffeltoc is called in Greeke ir, and iz: in Latine, Vifium : in high-Dutch, Mitte : in Low 
Dutch, Marentacken 3 in Italian, 7/chio : in Spanifh, Liga: in the Portugal language,i/go: in 
Englith, Miflel, and Miffeltoe. 

The gluewhich is made of the berries of Miffel is likewife called Vifewm and Ixia: in Englith 
Bird-lime. Ixia is alfo called Chamaleon albus, by reafon of the gluewhich is oftentimes founda. ‘ 
bout the root thereof. This word is alfo afcribed to Chameleon niger, as we reade among the ba- 
flard names. 17a is likewife reckoned vp by Diofcorides, lib.6. and by Paulus Aigincta,ib.5.amarg 
the poyfons : but what this poyfonfomeand venomous Iwiais itis hard and doubrfull to declares 
many would haue it tobe Chameleon niger : others, the glue or clammy fubftance which is made of 
the berries of Miffel-toe ; who do truly thinke that Ixia differeth from Chameleon niger : for Paulus 
eAigineta, lib.5. cap. 20, in reckoning vp of fimple poyfons hath firft made mention of Chameleon 
miger, thena little after of Ixia - and whileft he doth particularly difcourfe of cuery one, he intrea- 
teth of Chameleon niger, cap. 32.and of Ixia (which hee alfonameth 7 lophongn) cap. «7.and telleth 
of the dangerous and far differing accidents of them both. And Déofcorides himtelfe, Ui6.6. where 
he fetteth downe his iudgement of fimple poyfons, intreateth firlt of Chameleon niger, and then a 
littleafter of Zia. Thefe things declar¢ that Chameleon niger doth differ from Ixia,which is recko- 
ned among the poyfons. Moreouer, it¢anno where be read that Chameleon niger beareth Bird- 
lime,or hath fo glutinous and clammy a fubftance as that it ought tobe called Zxia : therfore Ixia, 
as it is one of the poyfons, is the glue that is made of the berries of Miffeltoe, which becaufe ir is 
fharpeand biting, inflameth and fetteth the tongue on fire, and with his flimieand clammy fub- 
ftance doth fo draw together,fhut,and glue yp the guts, as that there is no paffage for the excre- 
ments, which things are mentioned among the mifchiefes that Ixia bringeth. 

+ Ican by nomeanes approue of,or yeeld to this opinion here deliuered aut of Dedoneus by 
our Author ; which is, That the Bird-lime made of the berries of Mifleltoe is poyfon; or that Ixia 
fet forth by Diofcorides and Nicander fora poyfon is meant of this : for this is manifeftly treated af 
in Diofcorides, b.3.cap.103. by the name of ize : when as the other is mentioned, 16.6: cap. 21. by 
the name of izi«. Alfo dayly experience fhewes this plant to haueno maligne nor poifonous,but ra- 
thera contrarie facultie, being frequently vfed inmedicines againft the Epilepfie. Syeh as would 
fee more concerning Ixia or Ix/as, let them haue recourfe to the firft chapter of the fitft part of Fa- 
bius Columna, de Stirpib min.cognitis cr rarioribus, where they {hall finde it largely treated of. ¢ 

¥ The Temperature andVertues. 

The leaties and berries of Miffeltoe are hot and dry, and of fubtill parts :the Bird-lime is hot A 
and biting,and confifts of an airy and waterie fubftance,with fome earthy qualitie ; for according - 
to the iudgement of Galen, his acrimony ouercommeth his bitterneffe ; for if it be vfed in outward 
applications it draweth humors from the deepeft or moft fecretparts of the body, {preading and 
difperfing them abroad, and digefting them. 

It ripeneth fwellings in thé groine, hard fwellings behinde the eares, and other impoftumes,be2 B 
ing tempered with rofin and a little quantitie of wax. 

With Prankincenfe it mollifieth old vicers and malicious impoftumes, being boyled with vnz CG 
flaked lime, or with Gagate lapide, or Afio,and applied, it wafteth away the hardnes of the fpleene, 

With Orpment or Saedaracait taketh away foule ill fauoured nailes,being mixed withvnflaked D 
limeand wine lees it receiueth greater force, 

It hath been moft credibly reported vnto me, that a few of the berries of Mifleleoe bruifed and gE: 
ftrainedinto Oyle, and drunken, hath prefently and forthwith rid a grievous and fore ftitch. 


XKKXKX 2 GHAP; 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lis.3, 


Crap. 39. Of the (edar tree. 


@ The Kindes, 


Here be two Cedars, one great bearing Cones, the other {mall bearing betties like thofe of 
Juniper. 


Geibut Lib @| The Defcription. 
¢ S us. ‘ 
ee ere He great Cedarisa very big and high 
tree, not onely exceeding all other re- 
finous trees, and thofe which beare 

fruit like vnto it, but in his tallneffe and 
largeneffe farre {urmounting all other trees : 
thebody ar trunke thereof is commealy of 
a mighty bigneffe, infomuch as foure mea 
are not able to fathome it, as Theophraftue 
writeth : the barke of the lower part, which 
proceedeth out ofthe earth, to the firft yong 
branches or thoots, is rough and harfh ; the 
rc{t which is among the boughes is fmooth 
and glib : the boughes grow forth almof 
from the bottome, and nor farre from the 
ground, even to the very top, waxing by de- 
grees leffer and fhorter ftill as they grow 
higher, the tree bearing the forme or thape 
of a Pyramide or fhatpe pointed fteeple: 
thefe compafle the body round about in ma- 
ner ofacircle,and are {o orderly placed by 
degrees, as that a man may clymbe vp by 
them to the very top as by a ladder : the 
leaues be {mall and round like thofe of the 
Pine tree,but fhorter, and not {0 fharp poin- 
ted ; all the cones or clogs are far fhorter and 
: thicker than thofe of the Firre tree,compa& 
° of foft, not hard feales, which hang not 
4 downewards, but ftand vpright vpon the 

7 v boughes, whereunto alfo they ate fo ftrong- 


; ly faftned, as they can hardly be plucked off 
without breaking of fome part of the branches, as Bellonius writeth : the timber is extreme hard, 


and rotteth nor, nor waxeth old : there is no wormes nor rottenneffe can hurt or take the hard mat. 
; teror heart ofthis wood, which is very odoriferous, and fomewhat red : Solomon King of the Jewes 
* did thereforebuild Gods Temple in Ierufalem of Cedarwood : the Gentiles were wont to make 
their Diuels or Images of this kinde of wood, that they might laf the longer. 
oe @ The Place. 
“D The Cedar trees grow vpon the fnowie mountaines, as in Syria vpon mount Libanus, on which 
{ there remaine fome euen to this day, faith Belonius, planted as is thought by: Solomon himfelfe: 
i : they are likewife found on the mountaines Taurus and Amanus, in cold and ftony places:the mer- 
; chants of the fatorie at Tripolis told me, that the Cedar tree groweth vpon the declining of the 
P| hid mountaine Libanus,neere vnto the Hermitage by the city Tripolis in Syria: they that dwel in Sy- 
yest { tia vfe to make boats thereof for want of the Pine tree. 
i a The Time. 
| The Cedar tree remaineth alwaies greene, as other trees which beare fuch manner of fruic: the 
Hig timber of the Cedar tree, and the images and other workes made thereof, feeme to {weat and fend 
voll HAL forth moifture in moift and rainy weather, as do likewife all that haue an oylie inyce,as Theophra- 
{ Hil ius witneffeth, j 
| q The Names. 
UE This hugeand mighty tree is called in Greeke xiter : in Latine likewife Cedrus : in Englith,Ce- 
i 


dar, and Cedar tree. Pliny,lib.» 4. cap. 5. nameth it Cedrelate,as though he fhould fay Cedrus abies,or 
Cedrina abies, Cedar Firre ; both that it may differ from the little Cedar,and alfo becaufe it is very 
like tothe Firre tree 


Th 


1 


“Lis.3.. OF cheHiftory of Planes, ae 


The Rofin hath no proper name, but it may be fyrnamed Cedrina, ot Cedar Rofin. 

The pitch which is drawne outof this is properly called «tea: yet Pliny writeth,that alfo the lj- 
quor of the Torch Pineis named Cedrium. Thebett, faith Dio(corides, is fat, thotow fhining, and 
ofa ftrong fmell ; which being poured out in drops vniteth it felfe together, and doth not remaine 
feuered. ¢: i 

gq The Temperature and Vertues. 

Cedar is of temperature hot and dry, with firch an exquifite tenuitie and fubtiltie of parts, that 
it feemeth to be hotand dry in the fourth degree, efpecially the Pitch or Rofin thereof, 

There iffueth our of this tree a Rofin like vnto that which iffueth out of the Fir tree, very fweet 
in {mell, of aclammy or cleaving {ubftance, the which if you chew in your teeth it will hardly be 
gotten forth againe, it cleaucth fo faft at the firft it is liquid and white,but being dried in the fun 
it waxcth hard : if it be boiled in the fire an excellent pitch is made thereof, called Cedar Pitch. 

The Aigyptians were wont to coftinand embalme their dead in Cedar,and with Cedar pitch, 
although they vfedalfo other meanes, as Herodotus recordeth. 

The condited or embalmed body they call in thops Mumia, but very vnfitly ; for Atumia a- 
mong the Arabians is that which the Grecians call Pefaphalton, as appeareth by Awicen, cap. a74. 
and out of Serapio, cap.393. 

He that interpreted and tranflated Serapio was the caufe of this error, who tranflated and inter- 
preted Mumia according to his owne fancie, and not after the fence and micaning of his Author Se- 

- rapio, faying that this eAfwmiaisacompfitton made of Aloes and Myrrh mingled together with 
the moifture of mans body, 

The gum of Cedar is good tobe put in medicines for the eyes, for being anointed therewith it 
cleareth the fight, and clenfeth them from the Haw and from ftripes, 

Cedar infufed in vineger and put into the eares killeth thewormes therein, and being mingled 
with the decoftion of Hy flop, appeafeth the founding, ringing and hiffing of he cares. 

If it be wafhed or infufed in vineger, and applied vnto the teeth, it eafeth the tooth-ache. 

If it be put intothe hollowneffle of the teeth it breaketh them,and appeafeth the extreme griefe 
thereof. , 

It preuaileth againft 4ngina's, and the inflammation of the Tonfils, if a Gargarifme be made 
thereof, re a . 

Ttis good to kill nits and lice and fuch like vermine : ir cureth the biting of the ferpent Cera/fes, 
being layd on with fale. 

Itis a remedie againft the poyfon of the fea Hare, if it be drunke with fweetwine. 

It is good alfo for Lepers : being put vp vnderneath it killeth all manner of worms, and draweth 
forth the birth,as D/o/corides writeth, 


oS. eS a “ 


+ =a 


Cuar: go. Ofthe Pitch tree. 


@| The Defcription, 


ae Icea, the tree that droppeth Pitch,called Pitch ttee,groweth vp tobe atall,faire,and big 
tree,remaining alwaies greene like the Pine tree : the timber of it is more red than that 
of the Pine or Firre: it is fet full of boughes nor onely about the top, but much lower, 
and alfo beneath the middle part of the body, which many times hang downe, bending toward the 
ground : the leaues be narrow, not like thofe of the Pine tree, but fhorter and narrower, and fharpe 
pointed like them, yet are they blacker, and withall couer the yong and tender twigs in mannerof 
a circle, like thofe of the Firre tree ; but being many, and thicke fet, grow forth on all fides, and 
- not onely one right againft another, as in the Yew tree: the fruit is fcaly,and like vnto,the Pine 
apple, but fmaller ; the barke of the tree is fomewhat blacke, tough and flexible, not brittle, as is 
the bark of the Firre tree : vnder which next to the wood is gathered a Rosin, which many times if 
fureth forth, and is like to that ofthe Larchtree. : 
$ 2 Ofthis fort (faith Clufivs) there is found another that neuer growes high,but remaineth 
dwarfith, and it carries certaine little nugaments or catkins of the bigneffe ofa {mall nut,compo- 
fedrof {cales lying one vponanother, but ending ina prickly leafe,which in time opening fhew cer- 
taine emptie cauities or cels : from the tops of thefe fometimes grow forth branches fet with ma- 
ny fhortand pricking little leaues: all the fhrub hath fhorter and paler coloured leaues than the 
former : I obferued neither fruit nor floure on this neither know I whether it carry any. Dalecham- 
pius {eemes to haue knowne this, and to haue called it Piaus Tubulws or Tibulus. $ 
Kiet G The 


C 


Am Oo 


I 


Le 


a Ss eee 


a 


1 Piceamator, £2 Picea pumila, 
‘The Pitch tree, ‘The dwarfe Pitch tree, 


AMT Eecet 


Wy 
iy 
yg eke 


ih 


mt 


AN 


SEs 


@ The Place: 


The Pitch tree groweth in Greece, Italy, France, Germanie, and all the cold regions eulen ynto 
Ruffia. 


The Time, 
The fruit of the Pitch tree is ripe in the end of September. 
q The Names, : 

The Grecians cal] this Cone tree afr: the Latines, Picea, and not Pinus ; for Pi#us ot the Pine 
tree, is the Grecians mvs», as fhall be declared : that air isnamed in Latine Picea, Scribonius Lar- 
gus teftifieth, in his 201 Compofition, writing after this manner ; Refine Petuine, id eft, ex Picea ar= 
tore, which fignifies in Englith, of the Rofin of the tree Pitys,that is to fay,of the Pitch tree. With 
him doth Play agree, lib, 6. cap.10. where he tranflating Theophraftus his words concerning Peuce 
and Pitys, doth tranflate Pitys, Picea, although for Peuce he hath written Larix,as fhall be declared. 
Pliny writeth thus ; Larix vftis radicibus non repullulat : and the Larch tree doth not fj pring vp againe 
when the roots are burnt: the Pitch tree {pringeth vp againe, as ir hapned in Lesbos, when the 
wood Pyrthexs was fet on fire. Moreouer, the wormes Pityocampe are {earce found in any tree but 
Onely inthe Pitch tree, as Bellonins teftifieth : fo that they are not rathly called Pityocampa, or the 
wormes ofthe Pitch tree, although moft Tranflators name them Pinerum eruce, or the the wormes 
of the Pine trees : and therefore Pitys is firnamed by Theophraftus, esuesmur, becaufe wormes and ma- 
gots are bred in it. But forfomuch as the name Pitys is common both to the tame Pine,and al{@to 
the Pitch tree, diuers of the late writers do for this caufe fuppofe, that the Pitch tree is named by 
Theophraftus, nicos xx. or the wilde Pine tree. This Picea is named in high- Dutch, Sehtoarts Canr= 
webaut, and Rot Cannebaumt, and oftentimes alfo Forenholts ; which name notwithftanding 
doth alfo agree with other plants : in Englifh, Pitch tree : inlow-Dutch, eck boont, 

q The Temperature and Vertues. 


The leaues, barke, and fruit of the Pitch tree, are all of one nature, vertue, and operation, and of 
the fame facultie with the Pine trees, 


CHAP: 


Emmy Ofthe Hifterie of Plants, gs 


Cuar, 41 : Of the Pine Trees 


The Kinds. 


‘J ¥He Pine Tree is of two forts, according to Theophraftus ; the one fu, that is to fay,tame, or of 
® the garden; the other yz, or wilde:he faith that the Macedonians do adde a third,which istopavs 
orbarren,or without fruit,that vnto vs is vnknowne : the laterwriters haue found moeas fhall be 


declared. 


Pinus fativa, five domeftica. @| The Defcription, 


The tame or manured Pine tice, ¢ : 
HePine tree groweth high, and great in 


the trunk or bodie,which below is naked, 

butaboue it is clad witha multitude of 
boughes,which diuide themfelues into diners 
branches, whereon are fet fimall Ieaues, verie 
ftraight,narrow,fomwhat hard and tharp poin- 
ted: the wood or timber is hard, heany, about 
the heart or middle ful of an oileous liquor, 8 
ofa reddith colour: the fiuit or clogs are hard, 
great,and confift of many found woody feales, 
vader which are included certaine knobs,with- 
out fhape,couered with a woodden thell, like 
{mall nuts, wherein are white kernels, long, ve- 
ry {weet,and couered with a thin skin or mems 
brane,that eafily is rubbed offwith the fingers. 
which kernell is vfed in medicine, 

@ The Place, 

This tree groweth ofit felfe in many places 
of Italie,and efpecially in the territorie of Ra- 
uenna,and in Languedock, about Marfiles, in 
Spain, & in other regions,as in the Eaft coun- 
tries:it is alfo cherithed in the gardens of plea- 
fure,as well in the Low-countries as England, 

G The Time. 

The Pinetree groweth greene both winter 
and Sommer: the Rut itcommonly two yeres 
before it beripe:wherfore it is not tobe found 
without ripe fruit,and alfo others as yet verie 
{mall,and not come to ripenefle. 


q The Names. 

» Icis called in Latine,Pinus,and Pinus fatina,Vrbanaor rather Man(ueta : in Englifh,tame and gar. 
den Pine:‘of the Macedonians and other Graecians,aien jue: butthe Arcadians name it »msfor that 
which the Macedonians call xix aes the Arcadians name m'reas Theophraftus faith,and fo doth the 
tame Pine in Arcadia,and about Elia change her name: and by this alteration of them it happens 
that the fruit or Nuts of the Pine tree found in the Cones or Apples,be named in Greeke by Dio/ 
Corides ,Galen,Panlus and others mmnidt,as though they fhould terme it Piyos frac?us,or the frditof the 
Pine tree. 

There is alfo another #0. in Latine Picea, or the Pitch tree,which differeth much from the Pine 
tree: but Pytis of Arcadia differeth nothing from the Pine tree,as we haue faid. 

The fruit or apples of thefebe called in Greeke sam. and in Latine Coni « notwithftanding (onos 
is acommon name to all the fruits of thefekind of trees: they alfobenamed in Latine,Wuces pinee: 
by Mnefitheusin Greeke icpexine, by Diocles Cary fis ares xs'vew hich be notwithftanding the fruit ar 
clogges of the tree that Theophraftus nameth mam, or the wilde Pine tree, as Atheneus faith. It is 
thought thar the whole fruit is called by Galen in his 4. Commentarie vpon Hipocrates Bookes of 
Diet in tharpe difeafes,sStrobilos : yet inhis 2.booke of the Faculries‘of Nourifhments hee doth 
not call Conos or the apple by the name of Strobs/os ,but the nuts contained init. And in like man- 
ner inhis feuench book of the Faculties of Simple medicines jthe Pine Apple fruit, faith Pig 


“W56.——S«*«O ithe Hiiftory ‘of Planes; \@ a 


' they call Coccalus,and Strobilus,as we haue faid before ,that thefe arenamed in Greeke anise. This 
apple is called inhigh Durch ,Zpabels in low Dutch, 4Bijn appels in Englith,Pine apple,Clogge, 
and Cone. 

, @ The Temperature and Vertues. 

A The kernels of thefe nuts do concoct and moderately heate,being inameane betweene cold and. 
hot : it maketh the rough parts fmooth,it isa remedy againft an old cough, and long infirmities of 

the cheft, being taken by it felfe or with hony,or elfe with fome other licking thing. 

It cureth the Prificke,and thofe that pine and confumeaway through the rottenneffe of their 
lungs : it recouereth ftrength, it nourifheth and is reftoratiue to the bodie. : 

Ir yeeldeth a thicke and good iuice, and nourifheth much,yet is it not altogether eafie of dige- 
ftion,and therefore it is mixed with preferues,or boyled with fugar. 

The fame is good for the ftone in the Kidneies,and againft frettings of the bladder,and {calding 
of the vrine,for italayeth the fharpneffe,mitigateth paine, and gently prouoketh vrine: moreouer, 
it increafeth milke and feed,and therefore it alfo prouoketh flefhly luft. 

D. Thewhole Cone or Apple being boyled with frefh Horchound, faith Galen, and afterwards boi- 
Jed againe with a little hony til rhe decoGtion be come to the thickneffe of hony,maketh an excel- 
lent medicine for the clenfing of the cheft and lungs. 

E Thelike thing hath Diofcorsdes;the whole Cones, faith hee, which are newly gathered from the 
treesbroken aud boiled in {weet wine are good for an old cough, and confumption of the lungs, if 
a good draught of that liquour be drunke euery day. 

F The feales of the Pine apple,with the barke of the tree,do ftoppe the laske and thebloudy flixe, 
they prouoke vrine;and the decoction of the fame hath the like propertie, 


Cc 


Cuar. 42. Of the Wilde Pine tree. = 
a Pittus fylueftris. 2 Pinus filueftris mugo. P 
Thewilde Pinetree. The low wilde Pine tree. d 
I Pym Syd ti \ 
SS! 
Wy, 


setyyyre”” ZT MTN 
mri ale DYNEIN oy) 


q The 


Lis. 3, Of the Hiftoryof Plants: ash 


q The Defcription. 


I ci He. firit kinde of wilde Pine tree groweth very great,but not fohigh as the former, be: 
ing the tame or manured Pine tree; the barke thereof is glib :the branches are {pread a- 
broad,befet with long fharpe pointed leaues : the fruit is fomewhat like the tatne Pine tree, with 
fome Rofine therein, and fweet of fmell, which doth eafily open it felfeand quickely falleth from 
the tree. 

2 The fecond kinde of wilde Pine tree gtoweth not fo high as the former, neither is the tery 
growing ftraight vp,but yet it bringeth forth many branches,long, flender,and fo eafie tobe bent or 
bowed, that hereof they make Hoops for wine Hogs-heads and Tuns:the fruit of this pine is grea- 
ter than the fruit ofany of the other wilde Pines, 


3. Thethirdkindeof wilde Pinetree groweth ftraight vpright,and waxeth gteat and high, yet 


not fo high as the other wilde kindes:the branches do grow like the pitch tree: the fruit is long and 
big,almoft like the fruit of the {aid Pitch tree; wherein are contained fmal triangled nuts, like the 
nuts of the Pine Apple tree,but fmaller,& more brittle ;inwhichis containeda kernell of a good 
tafte,like the kernel of the tame Pine apple:the wood is beautiful,and {weet of {mel]l,g00d to make 
tables and other workes of, 

4 Thereis another wilde Pineofthe mountaine, not differing from the precedent but in fta- 
ture,growing for the moft part like a hedge tree,wherein is the difference. 


3 Pinus filueftris montana, 
The mountaine wilde Pine tree, 


4, Pinus montana minor, 
The fmaller wilde Pinetree? 


FE22, 
Vr br itt ti 


SITTIN 
LAY Wu 


5 _ This kinde of Pine,called the fea Pine tree, grtoweth not aboue the height of twomen, ha= 
uing leaues like the tame Pine tree,but fhorter: the fruitis of the fame forme; but longer fome- 
what fafhioned likea Turnep : this tree yeeldeth very much Rofine. + Bawhine iudges this all one 
with the third, $ : : 

6 The fixt kinde of wilde Pine being one of the Sea Pines,groweth like an hedge tree or fhrub 
feldome exceeding the height ofaman,with little leauesJike thofe of the Larch tree, but alwaies 
continuing with a very little cone,and fine {mall kernell. 

7 Thebaftard wilde Pinetree groweth vp toameane height ; the trnke or bodie, as ai the 

Y : 12 tanehes 


waaeenree tages 


i 


CE 


Of the Hiftory of Plants: | Liz. 3. 


6 Pinus {ylucftris minor. 
The little Sea Pine Tree. 


“s 


5 Pinus maritima maior. 
The great Sea Pine tree, 


Vet | 
ae 7, Tadafive pfendopinus, $8 Pinafer Aupriacus. 
The baftard wilde Pine. Dwarfe Pine with vpright Cones: 


= aes 


Lr. 3 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. | 1359 


ches & leauesare like vnto thofe of the ma- 
¥ 9 Pinafter maritimus minor: nured Pine tree : the onely difference is,thar 
Dwarfe Sea Pine. 


{ome yeares it refembleth the Pineit felfe; 
and the other yeares as a wilde hedge ttee, 
varying often, asnature lifteth toplay and 
fport her felfe among ft her delights, with o. 
ther plants of lefle moment : the timber is 
foft,and notfit for building,but is of the fiib- 
ftance of our Birch tree : the fruit is like 
thofeof the other wilde Pines, whereof this 
isakinde. 

+8 This dwarfe Auftrian Pine exceeds 
not the height of aman, but immediately 
from the root is diuided and fpread abroad 
into tough, bending,pretty thicke branches, 
couered ouer with a rough barke: the leaues, 
asin the former, come two out of one hofe, 
thicker,fhorter, blunter pointed, and more 
greene than the former: the cones or clogs 
are but fimall, yet round,and compaét, and 
hang not dowewards, but ftand vpright : the 
root is tough and wooddie like other plants 
of this kinde: It growes on the Auftrian and 
Styrian Alpes, Clufivs fets it forth by the 
name of Pinafter 4. Auftriacus. 

9 This other Dwarfe is of the fame 
height with the former,with fuch rough and 
bending branches,which are neither fo thick 
norclad with fo rough a barke, nor fo much 
fpread. The leaues alfo are fimaller, and not 
vnlike thofe of the Larix tree,butnot fo foft, 
nor falling euery yeareas they do. The cones 


* 
are little and flender, the kernell fmall,blacki(h, and winged as the reft. Clufius found this onely in 
fome few places of the kingdome of Murcia in Spaine,wherefore he calls it, Pinafter 3. Hifpanicus. 
Dodonaus calls it Pinus maritima minor. t 


@ The Place. : 

Thefe wilde Pines doe grow vpon the cold mountaines of Liuonia,Polonia, Noruegia, and 

Roffia, efpecially vpon the Ifland called Holland within the Sownd,beyond Denmarke,and in the 

woods by Narua,vponthe Liefeland fhore,and all the trac of the way, being athoufand Werlts, 

(each Werft containing three quarters of an Englifh mile) from Narua vato Mofconia, where I 
haue feene them grow in infinite numbers. 


q The Time. 

The fruit of thefe Pine trees is ripe in the end of September:out ofall thefe iffueth forth a white 
and fveet fmelling Rofine: they are alfo changed into Teda, and out of thefe is boiled through 
the force of the fire, ablacke Pitch ; the Pitch tree and the Larch tree bealfo fometimes changed 
into Teda, yet very feldome,for Tedais a proper and peculiar infirmitie of the wildePinetree. A 
tree is {aid tobe changed into Teda,when not onely the heart of it,butalfo the reft of the fubftance 


is curtied into fatneffe. 
a The Names, 


Allthefe are called in Greeke aéxyéjp4. andin Latine Syluefires Pint: of Pliny, Pinaftri: Pinafter 
faith he inhis 1 6. booke.ro chapter, is nothing elfe but P/aus (ylveftris, or the wild Pine tree,of a 
leffer height,and ful ofboughes from the middle,as the tame Pine tree in the top, (molt ofthe co- 
pies haue falfely) ofa maruellous height «they are far deceiued w hothinke that the Pine tree is 
called in Grecke »n» befides the tame Pine which notwith{tanding is fo called not ofall men,but 
onely of the Arcadians(as we hauie faid before) #.all men do name the wilde mea; and therefore 
Teda,or the Torch Pine, hereof is faid to be in Latine not Pigea,cut Pinea,that isnot the Piteh-tree, 
but the Pine tree,as wid doth planly teftifie in his Heroicall Epiftles; 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


1360 
Pt vidiwut pery nec notis ignibys arfi, 
Ardet vt admagnos Pinea Tedadevs. 


Alfoin Faftorum 4. 


illic accendit gcminas pro lampade Pinus: 
Hine Cererts facrisnune quoque Teda datur. 


The fame doth ‘irgill alfo fignifie in the feuenth of his Aneid. 


Ipfainter medias,fiagrantem fernida Pisum 


Suftinet. ——_—_——-—— 


Where in ftead of Flagrantem Pinum, Ser#ins admonifheth vs to vnderftand Teda Pinca. Catullys « 
alfoconfenteth with them in the marriage fong of Iwliaand cHallis, 


—— Manu 
Piucam quate tedam. 


And Prudentius in Hymno Cerei Pafchalis. 
Seu Pinus piceam fert alimoniam, 


Moreouer,the herbe Peucedaios,o1 Horeftrong,fo named of the likenefle of m»a,1s called alfo in La- 
tine Pinaffellum,of Piaus the Pine tree:all which things doeuidently declare thatm is called in La-* 
tine not Picea,but Pinus. : : Se j 

The fir ofthefe wilde kindes may be Idea Theophrafti, or Theophraftus his Pine tree,growing on 
mount Ida,if the applewhich is fhorter were longer: for he nameth two kindes of wilde Pines,the 
one ofmount Ida,and the other the Sea Pine with the round fruit : butwe hold the contrarie, for 
the fruit or apple of the wilde mountaine, Pine is fhorter, and that of the Sea Pine longer. This 
may more trul) be Macedonum mas,or the Macedonians male Pine,for they make two forts of wilde 
Pines, the male and the female,and the male more writhed and harder tobew rought vpon , and the 
female more eafie ; but the wood of this 1s more writhed,and not fo much in requeft for workes, 
as the other, and therefore it feemeth to be the male. Fhis wilde Pine trec is called in high Dutch, 
Aartsbaum, and nailder artsbaum 310 Gallia Celtica, E/vo UAleno : and in Syanifh , Pino 
Carax. ; : Hie Le. 

The fecond wild Pine tree is named commonly of the Italians Tridentinis,and Anagien(fbus, Cem- 
bro, and’ Cirmolo , it {eemeth to differ nothing at all from the Macedonians wilde :female Pine, for 
the wood is eafie to be wrought on,and ferueth fordiuers and fandry workes. 

The third they call afugo: this may benamed not without caule -easmim, that istofay, Humilss 

inusor Dwarfe Pine: yet doth it differ from Chamapence the Herbe called in Englifh,Ground 


Pines"! 
Bi: od The fourth wilde Pine is named in Grecke myayzmix’ in Latine, Maritimajand Marina Pimws:in En. 
’ . . 
slifh,Sea Pine, ty : 
: That which the Latines call Teds,is named in Greeke “and 4am: in high Dutch, #pnholes 3 it 


may be termed in Englith, Torch-pine. 

Pliny is deceiued,in that he fuppofeth the Torch Pine to bee atree by it felfe, and maketh it the 
fixth kinde of Cone-tree ; as likewife heerreth intaking Larix,the Larch tree, for av»,the Pine 
Tree. And as Dsofcorides maketh fo little difference as fearfe any, betweene mand 2 and 
fuppofeth them to beboth of one kinde , fo likewife he fetreth downe faculties common to them 
ee both, - 

' q The Temperature and Vertues. 


A 'Thebarke of them both, faith he,doth binde ; being beaten and applied it cureth Merigals,and 
alfo thallow vicers and burnings if itbe layed on with Litharge and fine Frankincenfe. 

B With the Cerote of Myrtles it healeth vicers in tender bodies : being beatenwith Copperas it 
ftaieth tetters,and creeping vicers: it draweth away the birth and after birth, if itbe taken vnder in 

He] a fume : being drunke it ftoppeth the belly,and prouoketh yrine. __ 

ii) a C — Galen hhathalmoft the fame things,but he faith,that the barke of the Pine tree is more temperate 

«4 than that of the Pitch tree ; the leaues ftamped take away hor {wellings and fores thatcome 

fy thereof. : 

bs i» Being ftamped and boyled in vineger, they aflwage the paine of the teeth, if they be wafhed 

if with this decoction hot : the fame be alfo good for thofe that haue bad liuers, being drunke with 

: 


~ 


vater ormead, 
E  Ofthefame operation is likewife thebarke of the pine nuts; but Galen affirmeth that the Cene 
or 


| 


Lip. 3. _ Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1361 


| ot apple, although it feeme to be like thefe is notwithftanding of leffer force, infomuch as it can- 
not effectually performe any of the aforefaid vertues, but hath in it a certaine biting qualitie. 
which hurteth. i yn 
The Torch Pine cut into {mall pieces and boiled in vineger, is aremedy likewife againft the 
rooth-ache if the teeth be wa fhed with the decoction. = t 
Of this there is made a profitable {pather or flice to bevfed in making of compound plaifters C 
and peffaries that eafe paine. ; 
Of the fmoke of this is made ablacke which ferueth to make inke of,and for cating fores in the 
corners of eies, and againft the falling away of the haire of the eie lids,and for watering and bleere 


eies, as Diofcorides teacheth, 
Of Rofins. 
| The Kindes. 


i Ve ofthe Pine trees, efpecially of the wilde kinds,there ifftieth fortha liquid,whitith,and 

9 So fmelling Rofin,and that many times by ir felfe ; but more plentifully either out of 
the cut and broken boaghes,or fortlt of the body when the tree commeth to bea Torch Pine. 

2 there iffueth alfo forth of the crackes and chinkes of the barke, or out of the cut boughes,a 
certaine dry Rofin,and that forth of the Pine Tree or Firre Tree, 

There is likewife found a certaine congealed Rofin vpon the cones or apples. 

It iscalled in Latine, Refie :in Greeke, jrxim: in high Dutch, Hartz:in low Dutch, Perf : in Ira- 
lian,Ragia: in Spanih,Refiza : in Englifh, Rofin. 

The firit is named in Latine,Liquida Re(ina:in Greeke,rrm vx, and of diuers,emiione, that it to 
{ay,iflueth our of it felfe:of the Lacedemonians, oessjiene, or Primifiua, the firft flowing Rofin: and 
in Cicilia,xenswe, as Galea writeth in his third booke of medicines according tothe kindes :in 
chops Reina Pivi, or Rofin of the Pine tree,and common Rofin, It hapneth oftentimies through the 
negligent and careleffe gathering thereof, that certaine fmall pieces of wood, and little ftones be 
found mixed with it: this kinde of Rofin Galen furnameth a;au/, as thougi he fhould fay ,confu- 
fed, which being melted and clenfed from the droffe becommeth hard and brittle. 

The like hapneth alfo to another liquid Rofin, which after it is melted, boiled, and cooled a- 
gaine,is hard and britcle,and may likewife be beaten,ground,and fearced ; and this Rofin is named 
in Greeke ew:in Latine, Frida,and many times Colophonia,in Greeke, xeeer«: which name is vied 
among the :pothecaries,and may ftand for an Englith name ; for Galen in his third booke of Me- 
dicines according to their kindes faith,that it is called Friéfa,and of fome Colophonia. that,faith he, 
is the drie& Rofinofall,which fome call Fridfa, others Colophonia:becaufe intimes paft, as Diofco- 
rides writeth,it was fetched from Colophon, this being yellow or blacke incomparifon of the reff, is 
whitewhen it is beaten:P/izy in his'14,booke,20.chapter. 

The fecond Rofin is named in Greeke fasiw trex, {pecially that of the Pitch tree without fatneffe, 
and that foone waxeth dry,which Galen in his 6. booke of Medicines according to the kindes, cal- 
leth properly avo maim: thatwhich in -A fia is made of the Pitch tree being very white, is called 
Spagas,as Pliny teftifieth. 

The third is called in Grecketimm, seaming the fame is alfo named gloveregien: this is ynknowne 
in'thops. Yet there is to be fould a certaine dry Rofin,but the fame is compounded of the Rofins 
of the Pine tree,of the cones or clozs,and of the Firre tree mixed altogether,which they call Gari 
ate this isvfed in perfumes in fhead of Frankincenfe, from which notwithftanding it farre diffe- 
reth, 


|), The Temperature and Vertucs. 


All the Rofins are hotand dry, bur notall after one manner : for there is a difference among A 
them ; they which be fharper and more biting, are hotter, as that which commeth of the cones, 
‘being of Rofins the hotteft,becaufe it is alfo the tharpeft: the Rofin ofthe Pitch Tree is nor fo 
much biting, and therefore not fo hot : the Rofin of the Firre tree is ina meane between them 
both ; the liquid Rofin of the Pine is moifter, comming neere to the qualitic and facultie of the 
Larch Rofin. 

The Rofins which ate burnt or dricd,as Diofcorides teftifieth,are profitable in platfters,and com- 
pofitions that eafe wearifomeneffe ; for they donot onely fupple ar mollifie,butalfo by reafon of 
the thinnefie of their parts and dryneffe, they digeft : therefore they both mollifie and waft away 
fivellings,and through the fame facultie they cure wearifomneffe, being vfed in compound medi- 
cines forthat purpofe. ’ 

The liquid Rolins are very fitly mixed in ointments, commended for the healing vp of greene ¢ 
wounds, for they both bring to fuppuration,and do alfo glue and vnite them together. 

Yvyyy Moreouct 


7 = 


anette 


ape 


diy 
17 
i 
Shee 
Wa 
ee | 
‘ 
; 
ry 
a al 
ti 


; 

i 

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Vis 

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{ é 
] ; 


D 


ne 


Lise 3. 


7 


1362 Of the Hiftory of Plants.) 


Moreouer,there is gathered out from the Rofins as from Frankencenfe,a congealed {moke,called 
in Latine Folio; in Greeke xpweand in Englith,Blacke,which ferueth for medicines that beanti- 
fie the eie lids, and cure the fretting {ores of the corners of the eies, and alfo watering efes, forit 
drieth without biting. 

There is made hereof faith Dio/corides, writing inke,but in our age not that which we write 
withall, but the famewhich ferueth for Printers to print their bookes with, thar is to fay, of this 
blacke,or congealed {moke,and other things added. 


Of Pitch andTar. 
Themanner of drawing forth of Pitch. 


Out of the fatteft wood of the Pine tree changed into the Torch Pine, is drawne Pitch by force 
of fire. A place mutt be paued with ftone,or fome other hard matter, a little higher in the mid- 
dle, about which there muft alfo be made gutters, into which the liquor fhall fall ; then out from 
them other gutters are tobe drawne, by which it may be receiued ; being receiued, it is putinto 
barrels. The place being thus prepared, the clouen wood of the Torch Pine muft be fet vpright, - 
then mutt itbe couered with a great number of Fir and Pitch boughes,and oneuery partal! about 
with much !ome and earth: and great heed muft be taken, leaft there be any cleft or chinke re- 
maining, onely awhole left inthe top of the furnace,thorow which the fire may be put in,and the 
flame and fmoke may pafle out: when the fire burneth the Pitch runneth forth, firft the thin, and 
then the thicker. 

This liquor is called in Greeke wax':in Latine,Pix :in Englith, Pitch, and the moifture, euen 
the fame that firft runneth is named of Plivie inhis 1 6.booke,11. chapter,Cedria - There is boyled 
in Europe, faith he, from the Torch Pine a liquid Pitch vfed about fhips, and feruing for many 
other purpofes ; the wood being clouen is burned with fire,and fet round about the furnaces on 
cuery fide,after the manner of making Charcoles : the firft liquor runneth thorow the gutter like 
water : (this in Syria is called Cedvinm, which is of fo great vertue,as in Agypt the bodies of dead 
men are preferued,being a}! couered over with it) the liquor following being now thicker, is made 
Pitch. But Diofcorides writeth that Cedvia is gathered of the great Cedartree,and sameth the li- 
quor drawne out of the Torch tree by force of fire, aan vn: this is,that which the Latines call Pix 
liquida : the Iralians,P cece liquida : in‘high Dutch, eich bach sin low Durch, @& ee: in French, 
Poix foudire : in Spanith, Pex liquida « certaine Apothecaries;Kitran : andwe in Englith, Tar. 

And of this when it is boiled is madea harder Pitch: this is named'in Greeke tie wan : in La- 
tine, Arida,or ficca Pix: of diuers, r\uorax: as though they {hould fay, Irerata Pix, or Pitch iterated : 
becaufe itis boiled the fecond time. A certaine kinde hereof being made clammie or glewing is 
named éorxss: in hops, Px manalisjor Ship Pitch :in high Dutch, ach:in low Dutch, Shteenpeck: 
in Italian,Pece fecca : in French,Porx féche : in Spanifh,Pex feca: in Englifh, Stone Pitch. 


a, The Temperature andVertues. 


Pitch is hot and dry,Tarre is hotter,and ftone pitch more drying,as Galen writeth. ‘Tar is good 
againft inflammations of the almonds of the throte, and the uvula, and likewife the Squincie, be- 
ing outwardly applied. \ 

Iris aremedie for mattering eares with oile of Rofes :ithealeth the bitings of Serpents, if it be 
beaten with {alt and applied. 

With an equall portion of wax it taketh away foule ilfauonred nailes, itwafteth away fivel- 
lings of the kernels, and hard fwellings of the mother and fundament, 

With barly meale and a boies vrine it confuumeth ec, or the Kings euill : it ftaieth eating vl- 
cers, if it be laid vnto them with brimftone, and the barke of the Pitch Tree, or with branne. 

Ifitbe mixed with fine Frankincenfe, anda cerote made thereof, it healeth chops of the funda- 
meant and feet. 

Stone Pitch doth mollifie and foften hard {wellings: it ripens and maketh matter, and wafteth 
away hard fivellings and inflammations of kernels: it filleth vp hollow ylcers, and is fitly mixed 
with wouhd medicines. : 

What vertue Tatre hath when it is inwardly taken we may reade in Dioftorides and Galen, but 
we fet downe nothing thereof, for that no man in our age will eafily vouchfa fe the taking. 

There is alfomade of Pitch a congealed fnmake or blackeywhich ferueth for the fame purpofes, 
asthatofthe Rofins doth. 


Cuar,. 


URIBE EGS. tS eR DESI SPR Laren aR 
Lis, 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1363 


———. 


Cuar. 43. Of the Firre or Deale Tree. 


| The Defcription. 


I mpie Fitre tree groweth very high and great, hauing his leaves euer greene;his trunke of 
body {mooth,cuen and ftraight,without ioints or knots, vntill it hath gotten branches 

which are many and very faire,befet with leaues,not much vnlike the leaues of the Ewe tree, bud 
{maller :among which come forth floures vpon the taller trees, growing at the bottomes of the 
Ieaues like little catkins,as you may fee them expreft ina branch apart by themfelues : the fruit is 
like vntothe Pine Apple,but fmaller and narrower,hanging downe asthe Pine Apple: the timber 
hereof excelleth all other timber for the mafting of fhips, pofts,tails,deale boords,and fundry other 
purpofes. ; 


1 Abies. $ 2 Abies mas. 
The Firre tree. The male Firre tree. 


SQ 4 ip YY Vy fj Y 


WC 
ta 


SSSss~ 
é 


2 There is anotherkindeofFirtetree, which is likewifea very high and tall tree, and highet 
than the Pine : the body ofitis ftraight without knots below, waxing {maller and {maller euen to 
the very top: about which it fendeth forth boughes, foure together out ofone and the felfe fame 
part of the body, placed one againft another,in manner ofa crofle, growing forth of the foure fides 
of the body,and obferuing the fame order euen to the very top : out of thefe boughes grow others 
alfo,bur by two and two,one placed right againft another, out of the fides which bend downwards 
when the other beare vpwards : the leaues compaffe the boughes round about,and the branches 
thereof: they be long, round,and blunt pointed,narrower,and much whiter than chofe of the Pitch 
tree, that is to fay,ofa light greene,and in a manner of a white colour: the cones or clogs be long, 
and longer thanany others of the cone trees, they confift ofa multitude of foft fcales, they hang 
downe from the end of the twigs,and doe not eafily fall downe, but remaine on the tree a very long 
time :the kernels in thefe are {mal!,not greater than the kernels of the Cherrie ftone,with a thinne 
skin growing onthe one fide,very like almoft to the wings of Bees, or great Flies : the timber or 
f{ubftance of the wood is white,and clad with many coats, likethe headofanQnion. _ 


Yyyyy 2 q The 


oe 


ya Ofte HliRoryiof Plana “Ling 


+ Abietys ramus cumjulis. q The Place, 

A branch with Catkins or floures. 

The Firretrees grow vpon high mountains, 
inmany woods of Germany and Bohemia, in 
which it continueth alwaies greene;it is found 
alfo on hils in Italy, France,& other countries; 
it commeth downe oftentimes into the val- 
lies: they are found likewife in Prufe, Pomera- 
nia,Liefeland,Ruffia, & efpecially in Norway, 
where I hane feene the goodlieft trees in the 
worldof thiskinde, growing vpon the rockie 
and craggic mountaines, almo{t without any 
earth about theni,or any other thing, fauing a 
little moffe about the roots,which thruft them 
felues here and there into the chinkes and cra- 
nies of the rockes, and therefore are eafily caft 
downe with any extreme gale of winde. I haue 
feen thefe trees growing in Chefhire, Stafford- 
fhire,and Lancathire,where they grew in great 
plenty, as is reported, before Noahs floud : but 
then being ouerturned and ouerwhelmed haue 
lien finee in the moffes and waterie moorith 
grounds very frefh and found vntill this day,8 
fo full ofa refinous fubftance,that they burne 
like a Torch or Linke, and the inhabitants of 
thofe countries do call it Fir-wood, and Fire- 
wood ynto this day : out of this tree iffueth the 
rofin called TAys,in Englifh,Frankinfence:but 
from the young Fir trees proceedeth an excel- 
lent cleare and liquid Rofin, in tafte like tothe 

* peelings or outward rinde of the Pomecitron, 
qq The Time, 

The time of the Fir tree agreeth with the Pine trees. 

| The Names, 

The tree is called in Latine Abies : in Greeke, ine - amongft the Grecians of our time the fame 
name remaineth wholeand vncorrupt : it iscalled in high Dutch, npeifs @hannen, and nels 
Thannen baurt: in Low Dutch, Hitte Denner booms, o Abel-boom,and Matt-boon ¢ in Ira 
lian, Abete ; in Spanith, Abeto : in Englifh,Firre-tree, Maft-tree,and Deale-tree. The firft is called 
in French,d Sap,or Sapin - the other is Suiffe. , : : 

The liquid rofin which is taken forth of the barke of the young Firre-trees» is called in Greeke 
diqon wis héwe: in Latine,Lachryma abictis,and Lachryma abiegna : in the fhopsof Germany, as alfo of 
England, Terebint hina Veneta,or Venice Turpentine: in Italian, Lagrimo : divers do thinke that Di- 
ofcorides calleth it zauisne rim, Oleafa Re fina,or oile Rofin;but oile Rofin is the fame that Pix liquids, 
orTaris. : 

Arida Abittum Refina, ot drieRofin ofthe Fir trees, is rightly called in Greeke prom iazim and in 
Latine, dbiecna Refina + it hath a fweet {mell, and is oftentimes vfed among other perfumes in ftcad 
of Frankincenfe, 


The Temperature. ; 
Thebarke, fruit,and gums of the Fir tree,are of the nature of the Pitch tree and his gums. 
@ The Vertues. 

A . The liquid Rofinof the Firtree called Turpentine,loofeth the belly,driueth forth hot cholerick 
humours, clenfeth and mundifieth the kidnies, prouoketh vrine, and driueth forth the ftone and 
grauell. : : : 

B ¢>'The fame takenwith Sugar and the pouder of Nutmegs,cureth the ftrangurie, ftaieth the Go- 
norrhoea or the involuntary iffue of mansnature,called the running of the rains,and the white flux 
in women. b 

C tis very profitable forall green and freth wounds,efpecially the wounds of the head:for it hea- 
lethiand clenfeth mightily, efpecially if it be wafhed in Plantaine water,and afterward in Rofewa- 
ter,the yolke of an egge put thereto,with the poadeérs of 0//banxm and Mafticke finely fearced, ad- 
ding thereto alittle Saffron. 

CHAP, 


Lips3. Of theHiftory of Planes, 1365 


Cuar. 44. Of the Larch Tree. 
q] The Defiription, 


1 He Larch isa tree of no {mall height,with a body growing ftraight vp:the bark wher- 
of inthe nether parr beneath the boughes is thicke, rugged,and full of chinks; which 
being cut in funder is red within,and in the other part aboue fmooth, flipperie, fome- 

thing whitewithout : it bringeth forth many boughes diuided into other leffer branches,which be 
tough.and pliable, The leaues are fmall,and cut into many iags, growing in clufters thicke toge- 
ther like raffals,which fall away atthe approch of VVinter : the floures or rather the firft fhewes of 
the cones or fruit be round,and grow out of the tendereft boughes, being at ithe length of a brane 
red purple colour: the cones be {mall, and like almoft in bigneffe to thofe of the Cypreffe tree, but 
longer,and madevp ofa multitude of thin feales like leaues : vnder which lie {mall feeds, hauing 
a thin yelme, growing on them very like to the wings of Bees and wafps :the fubftance of the wood 


is very hard,ofcolour,efpecially that in the midft,fomewhat red, and very profitable for workes of 
long continuance, 


1 Laricis ramulys. 2 Larix cum Acaricofuo. 
A branch of the Larch tree. The Larch tree with his Agarick. 


Ivis not true that the wood of the Larch tree tree cannot be fer on firejas Vitrwvins reporteth of 
the caftle made of Larch wood,which Cefar befieged;for it burneth in chimncies,and is turned in« 
to coles,which are very profitable for Smithes, as Matthiolus wsiteth. 

There is alfo gathered of the Larch tree a liquid Rofin, very like in colour and fubftance tothe 
whiter hony,as that of Athens or of Spaine,which notwithftanding iffueth not forth of it felfe,but 
runneth out of the ficcke of the treewhen it hath been bored enen to the heart with a great and 


long auger and wimble. 
Galeawriteth,that there be after a fort two kindes hereof,in his 4. booke of Medicines, accor- 
ding tothe kinds, onc like vnto Furpentine,the other more {harper than this, hotterymore liquid 


Yyyyy 3 of 


a man Sane 
ed - 


a 


—— 


a 


a 


Of the Hiftory of Plants: Lis.3. 


ofa ftronger {mell,and in tafte bitterer and hotter ; but the later is thought not to be the Rofine of 
the Larch,but of the Fir-tree, which Gales becaufe it is after a fort like in fubftance,might haue ta, 
ken for that of the Larch tree. 

There groweth alfovpon the Larch tree akinde of Mufhrum or exctefcence,not fuch as is vpoh 
other trees,but whiter, fofter,more loofe and fpungie than any other of the Mufhrums,and good 
for medicine,which beareth the name of _4garicwsor Agaricke :1 find that Pliny {uppofeth all the 
Mafticke trees,and thofe that beare Galls, dobring forth this 4zaricum:wherein he was fomewhat 
deceiued,and efpecially in that he took Glandifera for Conifer a,that is,thofe trees which beare maft 
or Acornes,for the Pine apple trees : but among all the trees that beare Agaricus, the Larch isthe 
chiefe,and bringeth moft plenty of Agarick. 

@ The Place. 

The Larch tree groweth not in Greece,or in Macedon, but chiefely vpon the Alpes of Italy,not 
far from Trent, hard by the fiuers Benacws and Padus , and alfo in other places of the fame moun- 
tains; it is likewife found on hils in Morauia, which in times paft was called the countrey of the 
Marcomans : Fuchfivs writeth,that it groweth alfo in Silefia: others,in Lufatia, in theborders of 
Poland: it alfo groweth plentifully in the woods of Gallia Cefalpina. 

Pliay hath faid fomewhat hereof ,contradicting the writings of others,in his 16 book,8 chapter, 
where he faith, that {pecially the Acorne trees of France do beare Agaricke,and not only the acorn 
trees,but the Cone trees alfo,amon g which, faith he,the Larch tree is the chiefe thatbringeth forth 
Agaricke,and that not onely in Gallia,which now is called France , but rather in Lumbardy and 
Piemont in Italy,where there be whole woods of Larch trees,although they be found in fome fal 
quantitie in other countries. 

The beft Agarick is that which is whiteft, very loofeand fpungie, which may eafily be broken, 
and is light,and in the firft tafte fweet,hard,and well compa&: thatwhich is heauy, blackifh,and 
containing in it little threds as it were of finewes,is counted pernicious and deadly, 

q The Time, 

Ofal! the Cone trees onely the Larch tree is found to be without Jeaues inthe Winter: in the 
‘Spring grow freth leaues out of the fame knobs, from which the former did fall. Thecones are to 
be gathered before winter, fo foone as the leaues are gone: but after the fcales are loofed and ope- 
ned,the feeds drop away : the Rofine mutt be gathered inthe Sommer moncths, 

, q| The Names. 

This tree is called in Greeke sé: in Latinealfo Larix,in Italianand Spanifh, Larice: in high 
Dutch, Lerchenbaumt : in low Durch Hogkenboont : in French,c#tele/é : in Englith,Larch tree,and 
of fome Larix tree. 

The liquid Rofin isnamed by Galen alfo xe: the Latines call it Refina Larigna, or Refina Laricea, 
Larch Rofin: the Italians, Larga: the Apothecaries,Terebint hina,or Turpentine,and itis fold and al- 
fo mixed in medicines in ftead thereof: neither is that a thing newly done; for Galen likewife in his 
time reporteth,that the Druggers fold the Larch Rofine in ftead of Turpentine: and this may bee 
done without errour; for Galen himfelfe in one place vfeth Larch Rofin for Turpentine;and in ano- 
ther, Turpentine for Larch Rofine,in his booke of medicines according to the kindes. 

The Agaricke is alfo called in Greeke 4m» and expe: in Latine, 4garicumand Agaricusand fo 
likewife in fhops: the Italians, Spaniards, and othernations do imitate the Greckeword ; and in 
Englith we call it Agaricke. 


~ 1366 . 


@] The Terperature andVertues, 

A. Theleaues,barke,fruit and kernell,are of remperature like ynto the Pine,but not fo ftrong. 

B The Larch Rofin is ofa moifter temperature thanall the reft of the Rofines,and is withall with- 
out fharpneffeor biting, much like to the right Turpentine, and is fitly mixed with medicines 
which perfeétly cure vicers and greene wounds. 

C  AllRofins,faith Galen,that haue this kinde of moifture and clammineffe ioined with them,do as 
it were binde together and vnite dry medicines,and becaufe they have. no euident biting qualitie, 
they doe moiften the vicers nothing at all : therefore diners haue very well mixed with fuch 
compound medicines either Turpentine Rofin,or Larch Rofin:thus far Galen. Moreouer, Larch Ro- 
fin performeth all fuch things that the Turpentine Rofin doth, vnto which, as we haue faid, it is 
much like in temperature,which thing likewife Galen himfelfe affirmeth. 

D  Agaricke is hot in the firft degree and dry in the fecond, according to the old writers. It cutteth, 
maketh thin,clenfeth,taketh away ob{truGtions or {toppings of the intrailes, and purgeth alfo by 
ftoole. 

&  Agarickecureth the yellow iaundice proceeding of obftrudtions,and is a fure remedie for cold 
fhakings,which are caufed of thickeand cold humors. : 

E Thefame being inwardly taken and outwardly applied, is good forthofe that are bit of veno- 


mous beafts which hurt with their cold poifon. 
It 


Re a I aap — 
Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1367 


It prouoketh vrine, and-bringeth downe the menfes : it maketh the body well co loured, driueth G 


forth wormes, cureth agues, efpecially quotidians and wandring feuets,and others that are of long 
continuance, tf it be mixed with fit things that ferue for the difeafe: and thefe things it performes 
poe forth and purging away groffe, cold,and flegmaticke humors, which caufe the dif 
eafes, 

From a dram weight,ora dram and a halfe, to two, it is gitien at once in fubftance or in pouider ; 
theweight of it inan infufion or deco@ion is from two dranis to flue. ; 

But it purgeth flowly, and doth fomewhat trouble the ftomacke ;and therefore it is appointed 
ig Ss fhould be mixed with it, or wilde Carrot feed, or Lonage feed, or Sal gem,in Latine, 
Sal fofslis, ; 

Galen, as Me/wereporteth, gaue it with wine wherein Ginger was infufed : fome vfe to giue it 
with Oxymel, otherwife called fyrrup of vineger, which is the fafett way ofall. 

Agaricke is good againft the paines and fwimming in the head,or the falling Euill,being taken 
with fyrrup of vineger. asawte 

It is good againft the fhortneffe of breath, called 4/thma, the inucterate cough of the lungs, the 
ptyficke, confumption, and thofe that {pet bloud : it comforteth the weake and feeble ftomacke 
caufeth good digeftion, and is good againft wormes. t 


See ee = = 


Cuar. 45. Of the Opreffe tree. 


Cupreljus fatina & [ylucftris. 
TheGarden and wild Cypreffe tree. 


q The Defcription. 


ape tame or manured Cypreffe tree hath along thicke and ftraight body ; whereupon many 
flender branches do grow, whichdo not fpred abroad like the branches of other trees, but 
grow vp alongft the body, yet not touching the top : they grow after the fafhion of a fteeple,broad 
below, and narrow toward the top :the fub {tance of the wood is hard, found, well compaé, {weet 
of {mell, andfomewhat yellow, almoft like the yellow Saunders,but not altogether fo a ieee 
2 ther 


1368 


Of the Hiftory off Plants. Lis. 3 


loth it ror nor wax old, nor cleaueth or, choppeth it felf, Theleaues are long round like thofe 
Tamariske, but fuller of fubftanee. The fruit or nuts do hang ypon the boughes, being in man- 
net like to thofe of the Larch tree,but yet thicker and more clofely compact :which being ripe do 
of themfelues part in funder, and then falleth the feed,which is fhaken out with the winde: the 
fame is fmall, Hat, very thin, of a {wart ill fauoured colour,which is pleafant to Ants or Pifmires, 
and ferueth them for food. : 

f this diuers make two kindes,the female and the male ; the female barren,and the male fyuit: 
full... heophraftus reporteth, that diuers affirme the male tocomeof the female. The Cypreffe 
yeelds forth a certaine liquid Rofin,like in fubftance to that of che Larch tree, but in tafte maruel: 
fous fharpe and biting. , : : : : 

The wilde Cyprefle, as Theophraflus writeth, is an high tree, and alwaies greene, fo like to the 
other Cypreffe, as it feemeth tobe the fame both in boughes, body,leaues, and fruit, rather than a 
certaine wilde Cypreffe : the matter or fubftance ofthe wood is found, ofa {weet fmell,like that of 
the Cedar tree, which rotteth not: there is nothing fo crifped as the root, and therefore they vfe to 
make precious and coftly workes thereof. 

+ [know no difference betweenc thewildeand tame Cypreffe of our Author,but in the hand: 
fomneffe of their growth, which is helped fomewhatbyart. 4 ; 
@j The Place. 

The tame and manured Cyprefle groweth in hot countries,as in Candy,Lycia,Rhodes,and alfo 
in the territorie of Cyrene: it is reported tobe likewife found onthe hills belonging to Mount 
Ida, and onthe hills called Leycf;that isto fay white, the tops whereof be alwaies couered with 
{now. Bellonius denieth it to be found vpon the tops of thefe hillsseut in the bottoms on the rough 
parts and ridges of the hills.: it groweth likewife in diuers places of England where ithath beene 
planted, as at Sion a place neere London, fometime a houfe of Nunnes : it groweth alfo at Green- 
wich, and at other places, and likewife at Hanspfted in the garden of M'. Wade, one of the Clerkes 
of her Maiefties priuy Councell. 

Thewilde kinde of Cypreffe tree groweth hard by .4v0ms Temple, and in Other parts of the 
countrey of Cyrene vpon the tops of mountaines,and in extreme cold countries, Bellonius affir~ 
meth, that there is founda certaine wilde Cypreffe alfo in Candy, which isnot fo high as other 
Cypreffe trees, nor groweth{harpe toward the top, but is lower, and hath his boughes {pred flat, 
round about in compaffe : he faith the body thereof is alfo thicke: but whether this be Thya, of 

which Thcophraftus and Pliny make mention,we leaue it to confideration. 
q| The Time. 

The tame Cypres tree is alwaies greene ; the fruit nvay be gathered thricea yearc, in Ianuarie, 
May, and September, and therefore it is fyrnamed T7/fera. l 

The wilde Cypres tree is late, and very long before itbuddeth. 

q The Names. 

The tame Cypres is called in Greeke, xurzee, OF Kerdprie : in Latine, Cupre([ws - in fhops, Cypref 
fas : in Italian, Cypreffo : in French and Spanith, C7pres - in high-Dutch, Cipgeffenbaumts in low- 
Dutch, Cyppefie boom : in Englith, Cypres, and Cypres tree. 

The fruit is named in Grecke, eepmiits nmupians : in Latine, Pélule Cuprefsi, Nuces Cuprefi,and Galbu- 
4i : in fhops, Nuces Cyprefs - in Englith, Cypres nuts or clogs. This tree in times paft was dedica- 
ted to Pluto, andwas {aid to be deadly ; whereuponit is thought that the fhadow.thereof is vnfor- 
tunate. 

The wilde Cypres tree is called in Greeke, # or séa, and “# : from this doth differ s«, being a 
name not of a plant, but ofa mortar inwhich dry things are beaten: Thya,as Pliny writeth, 6.13. 
cap.: 6.was well knowne to Homer : he fheweth that this is burned among the fweet fmells, which 
Circewas much delighted withall, whom he would haue to be taken fora goddeffe, to their blame 
that call fweet and odoriferous fmells, euenall of them, by that name , becaufe he doth efpecially 
make mention withall in one verfe, of Cedrus and Thya : the copies haue falfly Larix, or Larch tree, 
inwhich it is manifeft thathe fpake onely of trees : the verfe is extant in the fift booke of ody/7?s, 
where he mentioneth, that Mercurie by Iupiters commandement went to Calyp/zs den, and that he 
did {mell the burnt trees Thyaand Cedrus a great way off. 

Theophraftus attributeth great honor to this tree, {hewing that the roofs ofold Temples became 
famous by reafon of that wood, and that the timber thereof, of which the rafters are made is euer- 
lafting, and itis not hurt there by rotting, cobweb, nor any other infirmitie or corruption. 

a) The Temperature. 

The fruit and leaues of the Cypres'are dry in the third degreéyand aftringent. 
qp The erties. 7 
ped and drunken in wine, as Déof/coridas writeth, {toppetluthe laske 

inft the {pitting of bloud and all-orher iffues of bloud, 


A. .The Cypres.nuts being thar 
and bloudy flix , it is good 


o > 


They 


SS I Ne 


Lis. 3. Of the Hiftéry of ae ; 


They glue and hieale vp great vicers in hard bodies; they fafely and without harmé foké vp and B 
confume the hid and fecret moifture lying deepe and in the bottome of weake and moift infit- 
mitics. ‘ 

The leaues and nuts are good to cure the rupture, to take away the Polypus,being an excrefcence © 
growing in the nofe. 

Some do vie the fame againft carbuneles and eating fores , mixing themwith parched Barley 
meale. 

The leaues of Cyptes boyled in fiveet wine or Mede,helpes the ftrangurie and difficulty ofma- © 
king water. 

It is reported, that the fmoke of the leaues doth driue away gnats, and that the clogs do folike- F 
wife. 

The fhauings of the wood Jaid among garments preferueth them fromthe moths: the tofinkil- G 
leth Moths, little wormes, and magots, 


i] 


Our Authorin this chapter hath put cogether two chapters of Dodonaus 5 the one of Cypreffe, the other of Th a, Out oF Theophrafies and others. Ved. Pempté. 
ls ee 13 P Z P vp "Y op’ apt 
th «50 caps ry to 8. 


Cuar, 46. Ofthe Tree of Life. 


uAdrbor Vite. G The Defiription. 
The Tree of Life. 

fs gi He tree Tree of Life groweth to the height ofa 
{mall tree, the barke being of a darke reddifh 
colour: the timber very hard, the branches {prea- 
ding themfelues abroad, hanging down toward the 
ground by reafon of the weakeneffé of the twiggie 
branches furcharged with very oileous and ponde- 
rous leaues, cafting,and {preading themfelues like 
the feathers of awing, refembling thofe of the Sa- 
uine tree,but thitker,broader,and more ful of gum- 
mie or oileous fubftance:which being rubbed in 
the hands do yeeld an aromatick, fpicie,or gummie 
 fauor,very pleafant and comfortable :amongft the 
Jeaues come forth {mall yellowith floures,which in 
my garden fall away withowt any fruit: but as it 
hath beene reported by thofe that haue feene the 
fame, there followeth a fiuit in hotregions, much 
like vnto the fruit of the Cypres tree, but {maller, 
compact of little and thinne feales clofely paét one 
vpon anothet, which my felfe haue not yet feene. 
The branches of this tree laid downe in the earth 
wil very eafily take root; euen like the Woodbinde 
orfome fuch plant; which I haue often proued,and 

thereby haue greatly multiplied thefe trees. 


ga The Place. : 
This tree eroweth nor wilde in England, but it groweth in my garden very plentifully. 
7 q| The Time. 
It endurcth the cold of our Northerne clymat, yet doth it lofe his gallant greenes in the winter 


moneths : it foureth in my garden about May. 
q The Names. 


T heophraftus and Pliny, as fome thinke; haue called this fweet and aromatical tree Thuiaor Thya: 
fome call it Cedrus Lycia : thenew writers do terme it Arbor vita : in Englifh,the tree of life, Idoe 


not meane that whereof mention is made,Ge# .3.22. 
G] The Temperatnre. 


Both theJeaues and boughes be hot and dry. 
The Vertues. 


Among the plants of the New-found land, this Tree, which Theophrajtus calls Thaia, or Thye, 
bg is 


; 
\ 
{ 
| 


1370 2 Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lis, a 


is the moft principal,and beft agreeing vnto thenature of man,as an excellent eordial,and ofa very 
pleafanc {mell. 


Guar. 47. Of the Yew tree. 


Taxis. | Lhe Defcription. 
The Yew tree. 
Fay bareola ee ]* ftead of the defcription and place 


mentioned by our Author(which were 
notamiffe) giue me leaue to prefent you with 
one much more accurate, fent me by M‘. John 
Goodyer. ; 


” Taxus glandifera bacciferaque. 
The Yew bearing Acornes and berries, 


He Yew ttee that beareth Acornes and 
berries is a great high tree remaining al- 
waies greene, and hath vfually an huge 

trunke or body as big as the Oke, couered ouer 
with a {cabbed or fcaly barke, often pilling or 
falling off,and a yong {mooth barke appearing 
vnderneath ; the timber hereof is fomewhat 
red,neere as hard as Box, vniuerfally couered. 
next the barke with a thickewhite fap like that 
of the Oke,and hath many big limmes diuided 
into many {mal {preading branches : the Ieaues 
be about an inch long, narrow like the leaues of 
Rofemary, but fmooth, and of a darker greene 
colour, growing all along ft the little twigs or 
branches clofe together, feldome one oppofite 
againft another,often hauing at the ends of the 


SSS 


f aS, amp \/z twigs little branches compofed of many leaues 
Spe iy I eA like the former, but fhorter and broader, clofe- 
‘ ~ BS agg * 4 : 

wi ee 2 ly compa or ioyned together :amongft the 


‘Jeaues are to be feene at all times of the yeare, 
fall flender buds fomewhat long, but neuer 
any floures ; which at the very beginning of the 
Spring grow bigger and bigger, till they are of the fafhion of little Acornes, with awhite kernell 
within : after they are of this forme, then groweth vp from the bottomes of the Acornes a reddifh 
matter, making beautiful reddith berries more long than round, fmooth on the out fide,very clam- 
‘mie within,and ofa fweet tafte, couering all the Acorne,onely leaning a little hole at the top, 
where the top of the Acorne is to be feene : thefe fallen, or deuoured by birds, leaue behinde them 
a littlewhitifh huske made ofa few fcales, appearing like little floure, which peraduenture may 
deceiue fome, taking it tobe fo indeed: it feemes this tree,if it were not hindred by cold weather, 
would alwaies haue Acornes and berries on him, for he hath alwaies little buds, which fo fooneas 
the Spring yeelds but a reafonable heate, they grow iuto the forme of Acornes: about the begin- 
ning of Auguft, feldome before, you fhall finde them turned intoripe berries, and from that time 
till Chriftmaffe, or a little after, you may fee on him both Acornes and red berries. 


Taxus tantum florens, 
The Yew which only floures. 


The Yew which onely beareth floures and no berries, is like the other in trunke, timber, barke, 
and leaues ; but at the beginning of Nouember, or before,this tree doth beginne tobe very thicke 
fet or fraught on the lower fide or part of the twigs or little branches, with {mall round buds,veric 
neere as big, and of the colour of Radifh feed, and do fo continue all the Winter, till about the 
beginning or middle of Februaric, when they open at the top,fending forth one {mall fharpe poin- 


tall, little longer than the huske,diuided into many parts,or garnifhec towards the top with Faany 
{mal 


eS 


4 Lin.3. OF the Hittory of Plants, Eve 


{mall dufty things like floures, of the colour of the husks ;and if you fhall beateor throw ftones 
into this tree about the end of Februaric, ora good fpace after, there will proceed abd fly from 
thefe floures an aboundance of duftie {moke. Thefe dufty foures continue on the trecs till about 


harueft,and then fome and fome fall away, and fhortly after the round buds come vp as afore- 
faid. 


@ The Place, 
Thefe trees are both very common in England: in Hampfhire there is good plentie of them 
growing wilde on the chalkie hills, and in Church-yards where they haue been planted, 
@] The Time. 
The time is expreffed in their defctiptions. Dec.19.1621. Iohn Goodyer, ¥ 
q The Names. 

This tree is named by Diofcorides zeit : by Theophraftus, Mag : but Nicander in his book of Coun: 
terpoyfons, zune: Galen doth alfo call itx.'xw : itis named if Latine Taxws « inhigh-Dutch, Gp: 
benbaum : in low-Dutch, Fbenboows sin Italian,7 a/fo : in Spanith,toxo,and Tavo : in French,Yf: 
in Englith, Ewe, or Yew tree : in the vnlearned fhops of Germany,if any of them remaine,it is cal- 
led Tamari[cus ;where in times paft they werewont not without great error, to mix the bark hereof 
incompound medicines, in ftead of the Tamariske barke, 

G| The Temperature. 

The Yew tree,as Galen reporteth, is of a venomous qualitie,and againft mans nature. Diofcorides 
writeth, and generally all that heretofore haue dealt inthe facultieof Herbarifme,that the Yew 
tree is very venomous tobetaken inwardly, and that ifany doe fleepe vnder the fhadow thereof it 
caufeth fickneffe and oftentimes death. Moreouer, they fay that the fruit thereof being eaten is 
not onely dangerous and deadly vnto man, but ifbirds do eat thereofit caufeth them to caf their 
feathers,and many times to die. AllwhichI dare boldly affirme is alrogether vntrue : for when I 
was yong and went to {choole, diuers of my fchoole-fellowes and likewife my felfe did eat our fils 
of the berries of this tree, and have not only flept vnder the fhadow thereof, but among the bran- 
ches alfo, without any hurt atall, and that nor onetime, but many times. Theophra/tws faith, That 
veya, animalia, GaXa tranflates them Iumenta,or labouring beafts, do die, ifthey do eat of the leaues: 
but fuch cattell as chew their cud receiue no hurt at all thereby, ‘ 

Nicander in his book of Counterpoifons doth reckon the Yew treeamong the venomous plants, 
ferting downe alfo a remedie, and that in thefe words,as Gorrews hath tranflated them, : 


Parce venenata Taxo, qua (urcit in Octa 
Abietibus fimilts, lethoque abfumit acerbo 

Ni prater morem pleno cratere meraca 
Fundere vina pares, cum primum [entiet ager 
Aritari obstructas fauces animaque canalem, 


+ Shun th’ poys’nous Yew,the which on Oeta growes, 
Like to the Firre, it caufes bitter death, 
Voleffe befides thy vfe pure wine that flowes 
From empty’d cups, thou drinke, whenas thy breath 
Begins to faile, and paffage of thy life 
Growes ftrait, 


Penaand Lobel alfo obferued that which our Author here affirmes, and dayly experience fhewes 
ittobe true, that the Yew tree in England is not poyfonous: yet diuers affirme, that in Prouince 
in France, and in mof hot countries, it hath fuch a maligne qualitie, that it is not fafe to fleepe or 
long to reft vnder the fhadow thereof. + 


Cuar.48. Of the Funiper tree. 


, q| The Kindes. 
AMos the luniper trees one is lefler, another greater, being a ftrange and forreine tree : one of 
thefe bringeth forth a floure and no fruit , the other fruit and no flourese 
@ The Defcription. 


I mpe common Iuniper tree groweth in fome parts of Kent vnto the ftature and bignes of 
L afaire great eree,butmoftcommonly it growes very low like vnto ground Furres : this 
tree 


oe 
. te E 


372 Ofthe Hiftorie of Plans, = _Lin.3. 


a Iuniperus. 2 Iuniperus maxima. 


The Juniper tree. : The great luniper tree. 
ao buy commun. 


Se ee 


tree hath a thinbark or rinde, which in hot te- 
gions will chopand tend it felf into many cra- 
nies or pieces : out of which rifts iffuerli a cer- 
taine gum or liquour much like vnto Frankin- 
cenfe :the leaves arevery fmall, narrow, and 
hard,and fomwhat prickly,erow ing euer green 
along the branches, thicke together: among tt 
which come forth round and fmall berries, 
greene at the firft, burafterward blacke decli- 
ning to blewnefle,of a good fauor,and fieet in 
tafte,which do wax fomwhat bitter after they 
be dry and withered. 

2 The great Iuniper tree comes now and 
then tothe height of the Cypres tree, with a 
greater and harder Jeafe,and alfowitha fruit 
as big as Oliue berries, as BeVonins writeth, of 
an exceeding faire blew colour,and ofan excel- 
lent feet fauor. 

¢t 3 Thisexceeds not the heightofacu 
bit, but growes low,and as it were creeps vpon 
the ground,and confifts of furdry thicker and 
fhorter branches than the common kind,tough 
alfo, writhen, and hard to breake; 3 leaues al- 
waies growing at equal! diftances, asinthe 
common,but yet broader, fhorter,and thicker, 
neither leffe pricking than they., of a whitith 
greene colour on the infide,and green without, 
incompaffe the tender branches. Clu/ius, who 
gives vs this figure and hiflorie,obferued rot 
the floure.but the frit is like that of the ordi- 


narie, 


OF Bs 3. Of the Hittory of Plants. oe 3 


-nary,but yet fomewhar longer; It growes vpon the Auftrian Alpes,and tipens the fruite in Augutt 
_and September. + ’ : 
@ The Place. 

The common Iuniper tree is found in very many places,efpecially in the South parts of Eng 

Bellonius veporteth, that the greater groweth vpon mount Taurus : a loifins Anguillara wri 
_ that it is found on the fea fhores of the Ligurian and Adriaticke {ea and in Tlyvicam, bring 
/ Sreat berries: and others fay thatitgrowes’in Prouence of France: it commeth vp for 
"part in rough places and neere tothe fea, as Diofcorides noteth 
| | The Time. 

The Luhiper tree floureth in May ; the floute whereof is nothing elfe bur as it werea little yel- 
-lowith duft or powder ftrowed vpon the boughes. The fruit is ripe in Seprember,and is feldome 
found either winter or Sommer without ripe and vnripe berries, and all at one time. 

| The Names, 

The Iuniper tree is called in Greeke «pues: the Apothecaries keepe the Latinename Tuniperus : 
the Arabians call it Carchonas and Archencas : the Italians, Gi@epro : in high Dutch, nBechholter + 
in Spanifh, Enebro, Ginebro, and Zimbro: the French men and bafe Almaines Geneue «in Englifh, 
‘luniper tree. 

The leffer isnamed:in Greeke «mse in Latine, luniperms, The gteat Iunipet Tree is called as 
fome thinke in Greeke wpe ?yu2sin Latine ( by Lobel) luniperus maximus ilyricus certles bacca, by 
seafon of the colour of the berries, and may be called in Englith, blew Tuniper. 

Theberries are called Grana Iuniperi > in Grecke, #avsisalthough the Tree it felfe alfo is often- 
times called by the fame name xa: it is termedin high Dutch, Arametbeer, NOeckholierbeer : 
in low Dutch, enebrebetien: in Spanith, Neurinas : in Englith, luniper berries. 

The gum of the Iuniper tree is vitally called of the Apothecaries Vernix :in Latine, Lachryma . 
Juniperi : Serapto nameth it Sandarax and Sandaracha sbuc there is another Sandsracha among thé 
Grecians,being a kinde of Orpment, which growes in the fame minerals wherein Orpment dorh, 
and this doth farre differ from /ernix,ot the Tuniper gum, Pliny in his 11 :booke,7. chapter maketh 
mention alfo of another Sandaracha, which is called Evithree and Cerinthus : this is the meate of - 
Bees whileft they be about their worke. . 

| The Temperature, 

Iuniperis hot and dry, and that in the third degree, as Galen teacheth ; the berries are alfo hot, 

but not altogether fo drie : the gum is hot and dry in the firft degreagas the Arabians write, 
q The Vertues. 

The fruite ofthe Tuniper tree doth clenfe the liuer and kidnies, as Galen teftifieth : it alfo ma- 
keth thin clammie and groffe humors sit is vfed in counterpoyfons and other wholefome medi- 
cines : being ouer largely taken it caufeth gripings and gnawings in the ftomacke, and maketh 
the head hot : ir neither bindeth nor loofeth the belly : it prouoketh vrine. . 

Diofcorides reporteth, that this being drunke is a remedy againft the infirmitie of the cheft, B 
coughes, windines, stipings and poifons,and that the fame is good for thofe chat be troubled with 
cramps, burftings, and.with the difeafe called the mother, 

It is moft certaine that the deco gion of thefe berries is fingular good againft an old coush,and C 
againft that with which childrenare now and then extremely troubled, called the Chin cough, in 
which they vfe torife vp taw,tough and clamimy humors, that haue many timés bloud mixed with 
them. 

Diuers in Bohemia do take in ftead of other drinke, the water wherein thofe berries hawe been D 
fteeped, who liue in wonderfull good health, 

This is alfo drunke againft poifons and peftilent feuers,and it is notvnpleafane in the drinking: E 
when the firft water is almoft {pent, the veffell is againe filled vp with freth. 

'_ The fmoke of the leaues and wood driueth away ferpents, and all infection and corruption. of F 
the aire,wwhich bring the plague,or fuch like contagious difeafes : the iuice of the leaues is laid on 
with wine, and alfo drunke againft the bitings of the viper. 

The afhes of the burned barke, being applied with water, take away {curffe and filth of the G 
skinne. 

The powder of thewood being inwardly taken, is pernicious and deadly, as Diofiorides vulgar H 
copies do affirme; but the true copies vtterly deny it, neither do any of the old writetsaffirme it, 

The fume and {moke of the gum doth {tay flegmaticke humors that diftill out of the head,and } 
fLoppeth the rheume: the gum doth ftay raw and flegmaticke humors that fticke inthe ftomacke 
and guts, if ivbe inwardly takenjand al (0 drviake, aie: ; 

Tt -killeth all manetiof jwormes in the belly, it ftaieth the menfes; and hemorrhodes : it is com- K 
mended; alfo -againit {pitting of'bloud 3 it dryeth hollow vicers, and filleth them with fleth, if it 
be caft hereon: being mixed witli oile of Rofes, it healech chops inthe hands and fer. 


LZLLE : There 


land. 
teth, 
ing forth 
the moft 


37 4 Ofthe Hiftory of Plants. [1 B. 3. 


I, There is made of this and of oile cf Linefeed, mixed together, a liquor calfed Vernith, which 
is vfed to beautifie pictures and painted tables with,and tomake iron glffter, and to defend it from 


the ruft. 


Cuar. 49. Of the prickly Cedar, or Cedar Iuniper. 


q The Kinds, 


i Wis prickly Cedar tree is like to Iuniper, and is called the {mall or little Cedar, for difference 
from the great and tall Cedar, which bringeth Cones ; and of this thereare two kindes, as 
Theophraftus and Pliny do teftifie,that is to fay,one of Lycia, arid another erimfon. 


q 7 he Defcription, 


I He Crimfon or prickly Cedar feemeth tobe very like to the Juniper tree in body 
and boughes,which are writhed, knotty, and parted into very many wings : the fub - 
ftance of the wood is red,and fweet of {mell like that of the Cypreffe; thetrec 1s co- 

uered ouer with a rugged barke : the leaues be narrow and fharpe pointed, harder than thofe of Tu- 
niper, fharpet and more pricking, and ftanding thinner vpon the branches : the fruite or berry is 
fometimes as big as a hafell nut, or,as Theophra/tus faith, of the bigneffe of Myrtle berries, and be- 
ing ripe it is of a reddifh yellow, or crimfon colour, fweet of {mell,and fo pleafant in tafte, as euen 


the countrey-men now and than do eate ofthe fame withbread. 


¥ Oxycedrus Phanicia, 3 Oxycedras Lycia. 
Crimfon prickly Cedar. Rough Lycian Cedar. - 


Py ay wey 2 The other low Cedar which growes in Lycia is not fo high as the former,hauing likewife a 
t i) i writhed body asbig asa mans arme, full of boughes ; the barke is rough, yellowith without, and 
; H i red within: the leaues ftand thicker, like at the firft to thofe of Iuniper, but yet fomewhat fhor- 

i terand in the third or fourth yeere thicker, long and round withall, comming neere to the leaues 

of 


° : of the Cypres tree, or of the fecond Sauine; that is, 
acetals can Geta blunt, and not pricking at all, which being bruifed 
: ? 319 betweene the fingers do yeelda very pleafant finel : 
fo dothoneand the felfe fame plant bring forth be- 
low tharpe and prickly leaues, andaboue thick and 
blunt ones, as that notable learned Herbarift Cliff 
ws hath moft diligently obferued : the fruit or berry 
is round like that of luniperjof colour yellow when 
itis ripe, inclining toa red,in tafte fomwhat bitter, 
but fweet of fmell. 

£3. Thisalfo hath Cypreffe-likeleaues, nor 
vnlike thofe of the laft defcribed, yet fomwhat 
thicker and broader: the fruit is alfo much larger, 
being as big as Hafell nuts, and of ared or skarlet 
colour ; whence Label calleth it Cedras Phenicia al- 
tera £ j 


q The Place. 

The prickely Cedar with the crimfon colour 
commeth vp higher and greater in certaine places 
of Italy, Spaine, and A fia, and in other Countries’, 
for that which grows onmoyntGarganus in Apulia - 
ismuch higher and broader than thofe that grow 
elfewhere, and bringeth forth greater berries,of the 
bigneffe of an hafell nut,and fieeter,asthat moft 
diligent writer Bélonius reporteth. Carelus Clufius 
fheweth, that the ptickely Cedar and the Iuniper 
tree be of fo great a growth in diuers' places of 
Spaine,as he hath obferued,as that the body of 
them is as thicke as. man. 

The Lycian Cedar is found in Provence of 
France,not far from Mafiilia,and groweth in a great 
part of Greece, in Ulyricum and Epirum, 

@ The Time, 

Both of them are alwaies greene, and in Winter alfo full of fruit, by reafon that they continuaf- 
ly bring forth berries, as when the old do fall new come imtheit places : in the {pring grow vp new 
buds and beginnings of berries : in Autumne they wax ripe the fecond yeare, as doe the berries of 


Tuniper, 


q The Names, 

They are called in Latine, Minores, and Humiles Cedyi, little and low Cedats,for difference from 
the tall and great Cedar which beareth Cones. ; F ; 

The former is named in Greeke, ‘ofvusey, and riser gerund : in Latine, Oxycedrus and Cedrus Punitas 
in Englifh; Prickly Cedar; and Crimfon Cedar: Plizy fyrnameth it Phenicea, of the crimfon co- 
flour ofthe fruit :the Spaniards call this alfo Encbro, as Clufius teftifieth, euen by thefame name 
which they giue tothe Iuniper : wherein likewife they are thought to imitate’ diuers of the old 
Writers,who haue not by names diftinguifhed the Iuniper from the Cedar,but haue,as Theophra- 
ftus noteth,called them Cedros, Cedar trees ; yet with an addition, ‘oguxstess, orprickly Cedar. 

The other with the blunt leafe is named by Theophraftus, atwanitee « Of Pliny alfo, Lycia Cedrus = 
in Prouince of France, Morweinc : diucr$ name this Sabina, and vic it in ftead of Sauine,which they 
want ;as the Apothecaries of Epidaurus, and in diuers cities of, Greece, and alfo in Ilyricum and 
Epirum, as BeMonins te(tificth. Somewould haue it to be *«, Thyas but T/ya, according to Theo- 

braftus, is like, not onely in body, leaues,and boughes, but in fruit alfo, to the Cypreffe tree, but 
the fruit of this is nothing like to the Cypreffe Cones. : "1 : 

The fruitofthis Cedar is named by Theophraftus, Kise, Cedris : notwithftanding Gedrus, as hee 
himfelfe doth alfo teftifie (Gasanameth it Credula) is acertaine little fhrub which neuer groweth 


toa tree. ; ee, ¢ : 
The gum or liquor which iffueth forth of the prickly Cedar is alfocalled'vernix,and is fold in 


ftead thereof. | 
» q The Temperature and Vertes. j 
The little Gedar, as Galemwriteth; is hotand dry ina manner inthe third degree: the matter or A) 
fubftancethereofis {weet of fmell,like that ofIuniper,and is vfed: for perfumes and odoriferous 


{mells togetherwith the leaues, y 
dT Uz2772 2 The 


= 
— 


“376~—~*«é“‘«‘“‘«‘*‘ i ther Hittorie of Plants, Las.3. 


The berries or fruit of the low Cedar haue the faculties not fo firong, as thefame Author tefti- 
fieth, infomuch as that they may alfobe eaten , yet if they be taken too plentifully, they caufe 
head-ache, and breed heateand gnawings in the ftomacke. Yet there is a difference between thefe 
two Cedar berries ; for the crimfon onesiare not fo hot and dry,by reafon they are fieeter and plea- 
fanter to the tafte, and therefore they are better to be eaten, and do alfo yeeld ynto the body akind 
of nourifhment: but the berries of that of Lycéa are biting, hotter and drieral{o than thofe of Iuni. 
per, fromwhich they differefpecially inthebiting qualitie; they bring no nourifhmentat all,and 
thoughaman cate neuer fo few of them he fhall feele gnawings in his fLomacke, and paine in his 
head, 

The Peafants do feed thereon rather to fatisfie their huuger, than for any delight they haue in 
the tafte, orthe phyficall vertues thereof ; albeit they be good againft the ftrangurie, and prouoke 
vrine, 


Cuarsso. Of Sanin. 


@ The Kindes. 


fy Rag 22 be twokindes of Sauin ; one like in leafe to Tamariske, the orher to the Cypreffe tree; 
whereof the one beareth berries, rhe other is barren, 


x Sabina frerjlis. 2 Sabina baccifera. 
Barren Sauin, Sauin bearing berries. 


G The Defcription. 


i He firft Sauin,which is the common kind and beft ofall knowne inthis country ,grow- 
eth inmanner ofa low fhrub or tree : the ftem or trunke whereof is fomtimes as big asa 

mans arme,diuiding it felfe into many branches fet full of fmall leaues like vnto Cypres,or Tama- 
tiske,but thicker, and more fharpe or prickely, remaining greene Winter and Sommer, in fmell 
ranke or very ftrong, barren both of floures and fruit. ii wit 


2 The 


———~_. 


Le. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1377 
t 3 Sabina baccata altera, >! The othet Sauin isan high teclae Bello. : 
Theleffer berty-bearing Sauin, wives faith,as tall as the Almond tree,and much 


like to the tame Cypreffe tree: the.bodie is 
writhed, thicke,and fometimes of fogreat a 
compafie as that it cannot be fathomed - the 
fubftance of the wood is red within, as is that 
ofthe Iuniper, and of the prickely Cedar: the 
barke isnot verythicke,and it is ofa yellowifh 
red : the leaues are of a maruellous gallant 
greene colour, like to thofe of the Cypres tree, 
yet thicker or more in number ; in tafte bitter, 
ofa fpicie fmell, and like Rofin: the boughes 
are broader, and thicke fet as it were with 
wings, like thofe of the Pitch tree and of the 
Yew tree: on which grow a great number of 
berries, very round like thofe of the little Ce. 
dars,which at the firft are green,but when they 
be ripe they are of a blackith blew. Outof the 
roothereof ifluieth oftentimes a rofia, which 
being hard is like to that of the Iuniper tree, 
and doth alfocrumble in the chewing. 

There isanother,which differs from 
the laftdefcribed onely in that the leaues are 
{maller andleffe pricking than thofe of the for- 
mer, as‘alfo the branches leffer : Lobel calls 
this Savina baccataaltera, + 

q The Place. 

Both of them grow vpon hills inwoods,and 
in other like vntoiled places,as in Candy,My- 
fia,and elfewhere. P .Bellonins reporteth that he 
found them both vpon the tops of the moun- 
taines Taurus, Amanus,and Olympus. 

The firft is planted in our Englith gardens almoft euery where : the fecond is planted both by 
the feed and by the flip: the flips mutt be fet ina ground that is meanly moift and fhadowie, till 
they haue taken roor® the fhrubs which grow of thefe decline toward the one fide, retaining fill 
the nature of the bough ; but that Sauin which is planted by the feed groweth more vpright ; this 
in continuance of time bringeth forth feeds, and the other for the moft part remaines barren: both 
thefe grow in my garden. 


@ The Time. 2 

They both continue alwaies greene : the one is found to be lodenwith ripe fruit commonly in 

‘Winter, but it hath fruit aval times ; for before the old berries fall, new are come vp. 
q The Names. 

Sauine is called in Greeke sme; or Be - in Latine, Sabina, 

The firft is commonly called in the Apothecaries fhops by thename Sauina: of diuers, Sauime2 
va: the Italians and Spaniards keepe the Latine name: itis called in high-Dutch, Siben baum ¢ 
in low-Dutch, Sanel boom ¢ in French, Sagenier : in Englith, common Sauine, or garden Sauine, 

Some name the othet Cupre(fus Cretica, or Cypres of Candy,as Pliay faith Jib.12.cap.1 7,making 
mention of a tree called Bruta : fome there are thattake this to be alrera Sabina, or the fecond Sa. 
uin, and to be read Bruta for a, Brathu, by altering of the vowels. For it is defcribed by Plin.liaz. 
cap.17. tobe like the Cy preffe tree, in thefe words ,; They feeke in the mountaine Elimzi the tree 
Bruta, being like to the broad Cypres tree, hauing whiteboughes, yeelding a fiveet {mell when it 
is {et on fire ; whereofmention is madewith a miracle, in the tories of Clandins Cafar. Itis repor- 
ted that the Parthians do vfe the leaues in drinks ; that the {mell is very like tothat of the Cypres 
tree, and that the fmoke thereof is a remedie againft other woods. It groweth beyond Pafitigris, 
neere vnto the towne Sittaca,on mount Zagrus. Thus far Pliny. 

The mountaines Elimzi are defcribed by Strabo inthe countrey ofthe A ffyrians, nextafter the 
mountaine Sagrus aboue the Babylonians;by Prolomans not far from the Perfian gulfe : therefore it 

+ ishard tofay that Bruta is Sabina altera,ox the fecond Sauine, feeing that fogreata diftance of the 
place may vndoubtedly caufe a difference, and that it is not largely but briefely defcribed. Ir fee. 
zacth that Tya mentioned by Theophraftus is more like’ vnto Sauine :but yet forafinuch as Thya is 
like in fruit to the Cypres tree, and nor to the fruit or berries of the little Cedars, itis alfo verie 

LLepee manife ft 


A 


manifett, that the fecond Sauine is not Thya, neither Vite arbor, fo.called of the later Herbarifts : 
it is likewife named by Lobel, Sabina genuina baccifera, atrocerulea, that is, the tre Sauine that bea- 
reth berries of a blackith blew colour. ; 
' q The Temperatures ; 
The leaues of Sauine, which are moft vfed in medicine, are hotand dry in the third degree, and 
of fubtill parts, as Galen faith. 
q The Vertues. 


The leaues of Sauin boyled. in Vine and drunke prouoke vrine, bring downe the menfes with 
force, draw away the after-birth, expel the dead childe, and kill the quicke: it hath the like ver. 
tue receiued vnder ina perfume. 

The leaves ftamped with honey and applied, cure vicers, ftay {preading and creeping vicers, 
fcoure and take away all {pots and freckles from the face or body of man or woman. : 

The leaues boyled in oyle Oliue, and kept therein, kill thewormes in children, if you anoint 
their bellics therewith :and the leaues poudered and giuen in milke or Mufcadell do the fame. 

The leaues dried and beate into fine pouder, and ftrewed vpon thofe kindes of excrefcences /ub 
praputio, called Caroles, and fuch like, gotten by dealing with vncleane women, take them away 
perfectly, curing and healing them ; but if they be inueterate and old,and have been much tampe- 
red withall, it fhall be neceffarie to adde vnto the fame a {mall quantitie of Auripigmentum in fine 
pouder,and vfe it with difcretion, becaufe the force of the medicine is greatly increafed thereby 
and made more corrofiue. = 


Cur. 5 Of Tamariske.. 


I Tamarifcus Narbonenfs: 2 Tamarifeus Germanicns 


French Tamariske, Gérmane Tamariske. 
ry) OWA ouruL G ‘alle Wa OH, 
St 


- Wig Bs 


Lts.3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 379 


GQ The Defiription. 


x T He firft kinde of Tamariske groweth like a fmall hedge tree, couered with areddith 
barke,hauing many branches fet and bedeckt with leaues,much like vnto Heath:among 
which come forth fmall moffie white floures declining to purple, whichturne into a pappous or 
downie feed,that flieth away with the winde, as thatof VVillow doth: the root is wooddie as the 
roots of other fhrubsbe,and groweth diuers waies. 
"2 The Germane Tamariske hath many wooddie branches or fhoots rifing from the root,with 
a white bark,hauing his leaues thicker and groffer than the former, and not fo finely iagged or cut: 
The floures are reddith,and larger than the former,crowing not vpon foot-ftalkes,many thick clu- 
ftering together,as thofé of che former,but each a pretty diftance from another on the tops of the 
branches {pike fafhion,and begin to floure below:which do turne into feed, that is likewife carried 
away with the winde. 
q, The Place. 

Tamariske groweth by running {treames, and many times by riuers that breake forth, and not 
feldome about fenny grounds,commonly ina gtauelly foile, for it beft profpereth in moift and fto- 
ny places: itis found in Germany, Vindelicia, Italy,S paine,and alfo in Greece. ; 

The Tamarisks do alfo grow in Egyptand Syria,as Diofcorides writeth,and likewife in Tylus an Zan ort 
Tfland in Arabia,as Theophraftws noteth: the wood wherof, faith he,is not weak as with vsin Greece, ncertabis 7 
but ftrong like epm,or timber, or any other ftrong thing : this Tamariske Diofcorides doth cal Fuck FV Fa 
‘vito that is to fay,tame,or planted , and faith chat it bringeth forth fruit very like to Galls,in tafte ."  . i 
rough and binding. Comb. 8. o- 

Petrus Bellonius inhis fecond booke of fingularities reporteth, that hee faw in Egypt very high 
Tamarisks and great like other trees,and that fometimes in moift places by riuers fides, and many 
times alfo indry and grauelly grounds where no other trees did grow,which now and then did 
beare hanging on the boughes fuch a multitude of Galls, that the inhabitants call Chermafél,as be- 
ing ouer loden,they were ready tobreake. Both thefe grow and profper well in gardens with ys 
here in England. 

The Time, 

Thefe trees or fhrubs floure in May, and in the later end of Auguft,their feed is carried away 
with the wind. 

q The Names, 

They are called in Greeke wens and in Latine alfo Myrica, and Tamarix : in fhops,Tamarifcws: o£ 
Otauius Horatianus, Murica: Diofiorides maketh that which groweth in Greece and Italy to be #2, 
orwilde Tamariske: it is named in high Dutch Camavifeher holt, and 4902% : in low Dutch, 
Fbenboom, Camarifehboome: in Italian, Tamarigio : in Spanith, Tamarguiraand 7. amariX : in 
French, Tamarzs : in Englith, Tamariske. 

@ The Temperature and Vertues, 

Tamariske hatha clenfing and cutting facultie with a manifeft drying ; it isalfofomewhart Al 
aftringent or binding,and by reafon of thefe qualities it isvery good foran hard {pleen,being boy- 
Jed with vineger or wine,either the root or Jeaues,or tender branches,as Galen writeth, 

Moreouer Dioféorides teacheth,that the decoétion of the leaues made with wine,doth wafte the B 
{pleene,and thatthe fame is good againft the tooth-ache,ifthe mouth be wafhed therewith :that 
it bringeth downe the Menfes,if the patient fit therein ; thar it killeth lice and nits, if theparts be 
bathed therewith. 

a aa afhes of burnt Tamariske hath a drying facultie, and greatly {couring withall, and alittle C 
nding, ‘i 

The floures and downie feed of the preater Tamariske doth greatly binde, infomuch asitcom- D 
meth very neere to the Gall named Galla omphaciti,out that the roughneffeoftafte is moreevident 
in the Gall;the which floures are of an ynequall temperature, for there is ioined torhe nature ther- 
ofa great thinnefle of parts,and clenfing facultie, which the Gall hath not,as Gale writeth. 

Thefe floures we fitly vfe (faith Dzo/cor.)in ftead of Gall,in medicines for theeiesand mouth: © 

It is good to ftanch bloud,and to ftay the laske and womens whites, ithelpeththe yellow iaun- © 
dice,and alfo cureth thofe that are bit ofthe venomous fpider called Phalangium, the barke ferueth 
for the fame purpofes. 

TheJeaues and wood of Tamariske haue great power and vertue againft thehardneffe and ftop- G 
ping of the fpleene, efpecially the leaues being boiled in water,and the decoGtion drunke,orelfein- 
fufed ina {mall veffell of Ale or Beere, and continually drunke : and if it bee drunke forth of a cup 
or difh made of the wood or timber of Tamariske,is of greater efficacie, 

CHAPs 


Of the Hiftory of Plants: Lis, 3. 


Cuap. 52. Of Heath, Hather,or Linge. 


q The K indes, 


ere be diuers forts of Heath,fome greater, fome leffer; fome with broad leaues,and fome nar: 
ower ; fome bringing forth berries, and others nothing but floures. 


@| The Defcription. 


I is common Heath isa fow plant,but yet wooddie and fhrubby,fearce a cubit high:ie 
bringeth forth many branches, whereupon do grow fundry little leaues fomewhat hard 


me i and rough,very like to thofe of Tamariske, or the Cypreffe tree: the floures are orderly placed a. 
| Pad bt long the branches, fmall,foft,and ofa light red colour tending to purple : theroot is alfowood- 
ee die,and creepeth vnder the vpper cruft of the earth:and this is the Heath which the Antients tooke 
| a to be rhe right and true Heath. 7 
ce ee 1 Erica vulgaris, (ive Pumila. £ Ericavulzaris birfuta, 
Common or dwarfe Heath. Rough leaued Heath; 


ge, 
Crrcdt & 


snemncetsennnese-auar es OA 


Ati : There is another Heath which differeth not from the precedent, fauing that this plant 
ae i ae bringeth forth floures as white as fnow,whercin confifteth the difference : wherefore we may call 
ye ae ae it Ertcapumila alba, Dwarfe Heath with white floures. 
J 2 Thegreat Heath, (which Carolus Clufius at his being in England found in the barren grounds 
i about Windfor,whichinhis Spanith trauels he maketh the firft kinde) :groweth tothe height of 
; Mi two cubits,feldome higher, full of branches,couered with a blackith barke :whereon are fet in very 
1 ij good order by couples,{mall,rough, fquare leaues finer than thofe of Tamariske or Cypreffe. The 
ii inclofe the little twiggie branches.round about at certaine diftances, from the lower part to 
ioned like little bottles,confifting of foure parts, ofa fhining purple colour,very beau- 
»chold,and the rather to be efteemed becaufe it floureth twife in the yeare:the root is like- 


ee 
- WOOGIE. 


Oa et m4! i 


£ 3 This 


Lire: 3. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 1381 


+ 3) Brica maior flore albo Cluj. } 4 Erita maior flore purpureo. 
"The great Heath with white floures, Great Heath with purple floures, 


6 Erica Pyramidalis. 
Croffed Heath, pai Steeple Heath, ~ 


2 ~~O™*é‘«t*‘;*é«‘ the éHMiftorie of Plants: == Lang. 


~~} 3 This,faith Glufivsswhich is the largeft chat I haue feene, fometimes execeeds the height 


ofa man,very thrubby,hauing a hard and blackith red wood : the leaues are fmalland fhort,grow- 
ing about the branches by foures, ofa very aftringent tafte : it hath plentiful ftore of floures grow- 
ing all alongft the branches, fo that fomtimes the larger branches haue floures for a foot in length: 
this floure is hollow and longith,well fmelling,white and beautifull. It growes betweene Lisbone 
and the Vniuerfity of Conimbrica in Portugal where it floures in Nouember,December,and-Janu- 
arie, + 
4 Ofthis kind there is another fort with whitith purple floures, more frequently found than 
other fort, which floures are fomwhat greater thanthe former, butin forme like, and flouring 
fame time. + Theleauesalfo are hairy, and grow commonly by foures: the hollow floures 
cluftering together atthevery tops of the branches, and are tobe found in July and Au- 
syowes on diuers heathy places ofthis kingdome. + 
roiled Heath groweth to the height ofacubir and a halfe, full of branches, commonly 
g vpon the ground,ofa {wart darke colourswhereon do grow {mall leaues, fet at certaine 
-es by two vpon one fide,and two on the other, oppofite,one anfwering another, even as doe the 
leaues of Croffe-wort. The floures in like manner ftand alongft the branches Croffe fafhion, of 
a darke ouerworne greenifh colour. The root is likewife wooddy,as is all the teft of the plant. 
6 This Steeple Heath hath likewife many wooddy braunches, garnifhed with fmall:leaues 
vhich eafily fall off from the dryed ftalks ; among whichcome forth diuers little moffie greenifh 
floures of{mall moment. Thewhole buh for the moft part gtoweth round together like a lietle 
cocke of hay, broad at the lower part,and fharp aboue like a Pyramide or fteeple,whereof it tooke 
his name. 


Evicatenuifolia. 3 Erica tenuifolia caliculata. 
Challice Heath. 


Small leafed Heath. 


Eee aN eae a. 


R\ 


7 This {mall or thinne leafed Heath isalfo a low and bafe fhrub,hauing many {mall and flen: 
der (hoots comming from the root, of a reddifh browne colour ; whereupon doe grow verie manie 
{mall leaues,not vnlike tothem ofcommon Time,but much fmaller and tenderer:the floures grow 
in tufts at certaine {paces,of a purple colour. The root is long and of awooddie fubftance. + The 
branches of this are commonly whitith, the leaues very green : the floures are fmalleft at both ends 
and biggeft in the middeft,hollow,and of a faire purple colour, which doth not eafily caged ct: 

oures 


ee — 


Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 383, 


floures moft part of Summer, and growes in many Heathie grounds. - + Ai 

8 » Challice Heath hath alfo many wooddy branches growing from the roots} flenderjofa red, 
dith browne colour, a foot anda halfe high, garnithed with very little Icaues, leffer than thofe of ~ 
Time: the floures grow onthe tops and vpper parts of the branches, and be in number,fiue, fix or 
moe,hanging downewards,in fa(hion long,hollowwithin like alittle tunnell or open cup or chal- 
lice,of a light purplifh colour: the root creepeth and putteth forth in diuers places new {prings or 
fhoots. 

9 The Heaththatbringeth forth berries hath many weake and {lender branches of a reddith 
colour,which trailing vpon the ground do take hold thereof in fundry places, whereby it mightily 
increafeth : the leaués are fomewhat broad,of a thicke and flefhie {ub{ltance, in tafte fomtrhing dry - 
fng at the firft, butafterwards fomewhat fharpe and biting the tongue: among which come forth 
fmall floures of an herbie colour:which being vaded there fucceed {mall round berri¢s, that atthe 
firft are greene,and afterward blacke,being as big as thofe of Iuniper ; wherein is contained purple 
inice like that of che Mulberry:within thofe berries are contained alfo {mall three cornered grains: 
the root is hard,and ofawooddy fubftance. $1 found this growing in great plenty in Yorkfhireon 
the tops of the hills by Gisbrough,between it and Rofemary-topin(a round hill fo called)and fome 
of the people thereabouts told me they called the fruit Crake berries, This isthe famethat -1ai- 
thiolus calls Erica Baccifera:and it is the Erica Corts felio 11.0f Clufius .t. 


10. Erica haccifera tenuifolia, 
Small leafed Heathwith Berries. 


a 


$ 10 Thiswhichour Authour figuted as you feee in the tenth place( putea ng defcriptioti 
of the former thereto)hath brittle branches growing fome cubit high,couered with abarke blacket 
than the reft: the leaues are like thofe of the former, but blacker and fmaller,growing about the 


ftalks by threes,of 4 hortifh tafte with fomeaftriion.In September and OGoberit carries a fruit 


on the tops of the Branches different from the reft,for it is very beautifull white,tranf{parent,refem- 


bling dusky and vnevién pearles in formeand colour,fucculent al fo,and ofanacide ee only 
containing three litelé feédsin each. berty : in November this fruit becomes dry,and falls any fo) 
itfelfe. Cléfius onely obferned this if ortugall,and atthe firft fight a far off tooke the white ber- 
ries to haue been graines of Manna-Hecalls it Erica Coris folio. 10. 


. * ie 
tr Ipemember (faith Dodoweus) that I obferued another Heath which grew low; yet fer iad 


1384 ; ? Of the Hiftorie of Plants. —— Lis. 3: | 


£ 11 Evicapumilaz.Dod. i a Erica ternis per intervalla rams, 
podoneushis Dwarfe Heath- . Heath with three branches ata iointe 


4 


he ¥ 13 Bricaperigrina Lobelij. # 14 Erica Corisfolio7, Cluj 
i) | Eobels ftrange Heath. Creeping Dutch Heath. 
ees itr 
i 
} 
bai it 
ries 4 a8 
" i 
f i t tf } hi 
dt ij 
- ! : i 
ial i! SA com \ 


Li s.3. Of theHittory of Plants, ae "85 


many wooddy and twiggy branches, hauing vpon 
them little narrow and iongith leaues ; on thefe 
ftalkes {pike fafhion to the tops of them, yet but 
on one fide, grow elegant redde floures, pointed 
with blacke. This growes inthattrad& of Ger- 
many which leads from Bohemia to Noremberg 
oa dry and vntilled places, and neere woods, It 
fioures in Aprill. 

12 This fhrubby Heath is commoiily fome 
cubit high, hauing flender branches which come 
out ofthe maine ftemmes commonly three toge- 
ther ; and the leaues alfo grow in the fame order; 
the tops of the branches are adorned with many 
floures of a darke purple colour, hollow, round, 
bi&geft below,and ftanding vpon long footttalks. 
Clufivs found this growing in the vntilled places 
of Portingale aboue Lisbone,where it floured in 
December ;he calls it Erica Corss folio, 5. 

13 Befidesall thefe (faith Lobel, haning firft 
treated of diuers plants of this kinde) thereis a 
certaine rarer {pecies growing like the reft after 
the manner of a fhrub in pots,in the Garden of 
M".John Brancion:the leafe is long,and the purple 
floures, whichas far as I remember confifted of 
foure little leaues apiece.grow on the tops of the 
branches. I know notwhence it was brought,and 
therfore for rhe rarity I call it Erica peregrina,that 
is, Strange, or Forreine Heath. 

14 This hath many round blackith purple 
onic branches fome foot or cubit high,lying oft times 

SSS along vpon the ground : thefe are befet with ma- 
ny narrow little leaues, almoft like thofe of the 
third defcribed, yet fomewhat longer,commonly growing foure, yet fometimes fiue together, of 
anaftringent tafte; the lictle floures grow on the top of the branches, longith hollow, and of a 
light purple colour, comming out of foure little leaues almoft of the fame colour ; when thefe 
are ripe and dryed they containea blackith and {mall feed ; the root is hard, wooddy, and runnes 
diuers waies ; the weake branches alfo that lie vpon the ground now and then take root againe. 
Clufiw found this growing plentifully in diuers mountanous places of Germany where it floured 
in lune, and Iuly. ; ‘ : 

15 Theweake ftalkes of this are fome foot high,whichare fet with many {mall greene leaues 
growing commonly Ree by threes ; the tops of the branches are deckt with little hollow and 
longith floures diuided at their ends into foure parts, ofa fleth colour,together wi h the foure lit- 
tle leaues out of which they grow, hauing eight blackith little threds in them, with a purplith 
pointall in themiddle. The feed is blackeand fmal! ; the root wooddy as in other plants of this 
kinde.Clufius found this in fome mountanous woods of Auftria, where it floured in Aprill and 
May. ¢ 


£15 EricaCoris folio. 9.Clufij. 
Small Auftrian Heath. 


WHY 


BZ 


WY 


@ The Place. 

Heath groweth vpon dry mountaines which are hungry and barren, as vpon Hampftced Heath 
neere London,where all the forts do grow, except that with the white floures,and that which bea- 
reth berries. $ There are not aboue three or foute forts that I could euer obferue to grow there. + 

Heath with the white floures groweth vpon the downes neere vnto Grauefend. 

Heath which beareth berries groweth in the North parts of England, namely, ata place called 
Crosby Rauenfwaith, and in Crag clofe alfo inthe fame countrey: from whence I haue receiued 
the red berries by the'giftofalearned Gentlemancalled M*. James Thwaites. 

q The Time. 1 

Thefe kindes or forts of Heath do for the moft part floure al! the Sommer, euen vntill the laft 

of September. 
© The Names. ae 

Heath is called in Grecke, iia ? in Latine alfo Erica + diuers do falfly name it Myrica: in high 
and low Dutch, Betfden ¢ in Italian, Brica:in Spanith,Brefo Quirro - in French, Bruyre:in Englith, 
Heath, Hather, and Linge. 


Aaaaaa a Th 


ees 


Serna venemnese 


i 
i 
ij 
! 
jt 


- ~ Oftthe Hiftorie of Plants, ees 


q Ti he Temperature, 

: TO CTY te PRE fuming by vapors: the fourec and leanees 
Heath hath,as Galen faith,a digefting facultie,confuming by vapors :the floures and leaues are 
eo be vied 

: . @ The Vertues.. 


‘ The tender tops and floures;faith Diofcorides,are good tobe laid vpon the biting hgings 
ofany venomous beaft : of thefe flouresthe Bees do gather bad hony. a 
‘i The barke and leaues of Heath may be vfed for, and in the fame caufes that Tamariske is vied. 


2 a Ae bigs at tobe the Vitis Ides. +. 08 Clues Chi 
¢ _ Yhe Sguce which our Author gauc im the ninth place by thename of Erica baccifers larifalia I take to be the Vitis Ides, 2, of Chufius Corbi 


Pp cio y' be. 1 vos hall finde in 

e rt iy terre Tretia 7 Hall & 
{ ercof 1 hane ginen you our ordinary berty-bearing Heath 

his due place) andin ftead thercof 1 hane given you o a) 


a <2 Se a — 


Cuar. 53. ” Of Heath of krico. 


y Rofa Hievicontes maior. 
( { a... Pralipent sna 
he Heath Rofe of Jerico, @] Tire Defereption. 


inde'of Heath whi 


an tl 


lant:what 
‘moued them thereto I know‘hot:bue thus much 
ef my owne knowledge, ithath neither fhape, 
nature, nor facultie agreeing with any Role ; 
the which doubtleffe is a kinde of Heath,as the 
barren foile,and that among Heath, doth eui- 
dently thew, as alfo the Heathie matter where. 
with the whole plant is poflefied, agreeing with 
the kindes of Heath in very notable points. It 
rifeth yp out of the ground,ofthe height of four 
inches, or an.hand breadth, compaé or made 
_ of fundry hard ftickes, (which are the ftalkes) 
clafping or fhutting it felfe together into 2 
round forme, intricately Wweauing it felfe one 
Ricke ouerthwart another, likea little net:vpon 
which wooddy ftickes do grow leaus not volike 
to thofe of the Oliue tree, which maketh the 
whole plantofa round forme, and hollow with- 
in; among the leaues on the infide grow {mal} 
mofite floures,ofa whitifh herbie colour,which 


he 
i { 
; 

1) 

| 


SSS SSS eee 


» Rofa Hiericontea ficcata, The Heath Rofe offetico dried 


4® 


ture 


Bae. Of theHiftory of Plants. 387 


| turn into little feed, like the feed of Rocker, but leffer : the whole plant is of the fubftance of he ath 
| andwooddie. : iy 


2 The fecond figure fetteth forth the dried plant,as it is brought vatovs from beyond the feas- 
which being fet into adifh ofwarme water, for halfe an houre, Openeth it felfe in forme,as when 
_ itdid grow,and taken forthyntill it be drie, returneth {hut vp againe as before. 
i q The Place. 
_ Itgroweth in the barren grounds of France, and. other hot regions, among the Heath and fuch 
| like plants : it isa ftranger in England,yet dried we haue them in great plenty, + Ihauenotread 
nor heard that this grows wilde in France; but Bellonius faith it growes in Arabia deferta > Banhine 
faith it cafily grew and flourifhed many yeares in his gardenat Bafill. + 
a The Time. 
The feed being fowne in our cold climate,is fowne in A prill ; it perifheth when it is fprung vp, 
and bringeth neither foures nor feed. 
q TheNames, 
This kinde of Heath is.called Rofa Hiericontea,or de Hiericho,the Rofe of Ierico: of fome,the Rofe 
of Jerufalem,and alfo Rofa Marie :in Englifh,the Heath Rofe. 


: q) The. Temperature and Vertues, 
. Thereisnotany of the antient nor later writers’ that haue fet downe any certaintie of this plant A 
__ as touching the t¢mperatureand facultics,but onely a bare picture with a flender defcription, i 
yr 


Cuar. 54. Ofthe (hafte Tree. 


1 Vitex, five Agnus Caflus. £ 2 Vitex latiore ferrato folio; 
The Chafte tree. Chafte tree with cut leaues; 


aap 2 wy 
Wee SPR 


Aaaaaa a 


qThe 


1388 Of the Hiftory of Plants. L1.3. 


tt! 


7) 


q| The Defcription. A 
I Itex,orthe Chafte tree, groweth after the manner ofa bufhie fhrub or hedge tree, ha- 
ae uing many twiggie branches, very pliantand eafie to be bent without breaking lke 
to the willow:the leaues are for the moft part diuided into fiue or feuen fe@ions Or di- 
uifions,much like’ the leaues of Hemp,whereof each part is long and narrow,very like nto the wil- 
low leafe,but {maller: the floures do grow at the vppermoft parts of the branches, like wnto {pikie 
eares,cluftering together about the branches,ofa light purple or blew colour,and very fiveet {mel 

the fruit is {mall and round,like vnto the graines or cornes of pepper. 

$ 2 Lobel mentions another varietie hereof that differs from the former Onely in that it hath 

broader leaues,and thefe alfo fnipt about the edges. + 
The Place. 
Vitex groweth naturally in Italy,and other hot regions,by water courfes and running ftreames: 
Thaue it growing in my garden. : 
G The Time. 
Vitex beginneth to recouer his Jaft leaues in May, and the floures come forth in Augutt, 
€ The Names. ; 
¢ The Grecians call this fhrub és and wy:: Agnes (i.) Caflus,Chatte : becaufe, faith Pliny in his 
24.booke,9 .Chapter,the Athenian Matrons in their feaft called The/mophoria dedicated to the ho- 
nour of Ceres, defirous to keepe themfelues chafte,doe lay the leaues in their beds vnder them the 
Latines name it Vitex, and ofdiuers it is termed,aswee finde among the baftard and counterfeit 
names,¢w»: in Latine, Salix marina, ox Salix Amerina, and Piper Agrefle: in high Dutch, Schatfs 
mulleReufehbaum ; in low Dutch,and alfo of the Apothecaries, 4enus Caftus : the Italians, ¥itice: 
Agno Cafto: in Spanith,Gattilecaffo: in Englith,Chafte tree, Hempe tree,and of divers Agnus caflus. 
+ The name 4znus Cajflus comes by confounding the Greeke name Agnos with Caftus the Latine 
interpretation thereof. + : 
: | The Temperature, 

The leaves and fruit of gnu caflus arehotand drie in the third degree: they are of very thin 

parts,and wafte or confume winde. : 
The Vertues. 

Agnus Caftus is a fingular medicine and remedie for fuch as would willingly liuechafte, for it 
withi{tandeth all vncleanneffe, or defire tothe fleth, confuming and drying vp the feed of generati- 
on, in what fort foeuer itbetaken, whether in pouder_ onely, or the deco@ion drunke, or whether 
the leaues be carried about the body ; forwhich caufe it was called Caflus, that is tofay, chafte, 
cleane,and pure, 

The feed of Agnus Caftus drunken driueth away, and diffolueth all windineffe of the ftomacke; 
openeth and cureth the ftoppings ofthe liver and fpleen,and in the beginning of dropfies,it is good 
tobe drunke in wine in the quantitic ofa dram. 

The leaues ftamped with butter,diffolue and affwagethe fivellings of the genitories and cods, 
being applied thereto. 9 

The decoétion of the herbe and feed is good againft pain and inflammations about the matrix, 
ifwomenbe caufed to fitand bathe their priuy parts thercin: the feed being drunke with ’Penny- 
roiall bringeth downe the menfes,as it doth alfoboth ina fume and ina peflary: ina Pultisit cu- 
reth the head-ache,the Phrenticke,and thofe that haue the Lethargie are woont to be bathed here- 
with,oileand vineger being added thereto. 7: 

The leaues vfed in a fume,and alfo ftrowed, driueaway ferpents ; and beeing layed ondoe cure 
their bitings. 

The {eed laied on with water doth heale the clifts or rifts ofthe fundament;with the Jeaues, it is 
aremedie for lims out of ioint,and for wounds. 

Iris reportedthat if {uch as iourney ‘or trauell do carry with them-a branch or rod of Agnus Ca- 
féws in their hand, itwill keep them from Merry-galls,and wearineffe : Disc. 


Cuar. 55. Of the Willow Tree. 
G The Defcription. 
z He common Willow is an high tree,with a body ofa meane thickneffe,and rifeth vp as 


_# high as other trees doe ifit be not topped in the beginning, {oone after it is planted;the 
i ako ete ep cia : oF sae barke 


ao 7 ‘ Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1389 


———a 


_ barke thereof is {mooth,tough,and flexible : the wood is white, tough,and hard to be broken: the 
Jeaues ate long, leffer and narrower than thofe of the Peach tree,fomewhat greene on the vpper fide 
and flipperic, and on the nether fide fofter ahd whiter: the boughes be couered either with a pur- 
ple,orelfe with a white bake: the catkins which grow on the toppes of the branches come firft 
of all forth, being long and moffie,and quickly turne into white and foft downe,that is carried away 
with the winde, 


1 Salix. ; 2 Salix aquatica, 
Thecommon VVillow. | ' { The Oziaror water Willow, 


2\ + The leffer bringeth forth of the head which ftandeth fomewhat out,flender wands or twigs; 
with ateddith or greene barke,good to make baskets and fuch likeworkes of: it is planted by the 
twigs or rods being thruft into the eatth,the vpper part whereof when they are growne vp, is cut off, 
fo tharwhich is called the head increafeth vnder them, from whence the flender twigs doe grow, 
which being oftentimes cut,the head waxeth greater: many times alfothe long rods or wands of 
the higher Withy trees be lopped off and thruft into the ground for plants, but deeper, and aboue 
mans height : ofwhich dogrow great rods, profitable for many things, and cammonly for bands, 
wherewith tubs and casks are bound. ? 

2 The Sallow tree or Goats Willow, groweth toa tree ofa meane bigneffe:the trunke orbo- 
dy is foft and hollow timber,couered with a whitith rough barke: the branches are fet with leaues 
fomewhat rough,ercene aboue, and heatievnderneath : among which come forth round catkins,or 
aglets that turne into downe, which is carried away with the winde. 

4 This other Sallow tree differech not from the precedent, but inthis one point, that isto fay, 
the leaues are greater and longer,and every part of the tree larger,wherein is the difference. + Both 
thofe Jaft deferibed haue little roundi th leaues like little eares growing at the bottomsof the foor= 
ftalkes of the bigger leaues , wheréby they may bee diftinguifhed from all other Plants of this 
kinde. + 

5 The Rofe Willow groweth vo likewife to the hetght and bigneffe of a fhrubby tree; the bo- 
dy whereof is couered with a {eabbed rough barke : the branches are many,whercupon do grow ve- 
ry many twigs of a reddith colour,garnifhed with {mall long leaues, fomewhat whitifh: among ft 
which come forth little floures,or rather a multiplication of leaues, ioined together in forme ofa 


Aaaaaa 3 Rofe, 


———= a 


1 90 | Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. L 18.3. 


2 ig di folia, ; 4 Salix Caprealatifolia. 
fahren * The Goat broad leafed Sallows _ 
: SW On a 


ae ee 


a 


een eae oe “eee 


5 * te Englith ae illow2 Rofe, ofa greenith white colour,which doe 

{ } Ses not only makea gallant fhew,butalfo yeeld 
a moft cooling airein the heat of Sommer, 
being fet vp in honfes, for the decking of 
the fame. 

6 »Thelow or bafe Willow groweth 
but low, & leaneth weakly vpon the ground, 
hauing many {mal! and narrow leaues, fet 
vpon limber and pliant branches, ofa darke 
or blackith greene’ colour : among ft which 
comeforth long flender ftems full of moffie 
floures , which turne into a light downie 
fubftance that flieth away with the winde. 

7 The dwarfe Willow hath very {mall 
and {lender branches, feldome times aboue 
a foot,but neuer a cubit high, couered with 
a duskith barke, with very little and narrow 
leaues,of a greene colour aboue, and on the 
vpper fide,but vnderneath ofa hory ot ouer- 
worne greenifh colour, inbigneffe and fa- 
fhion of the leaues of garden Flax :among 
which come forth little duskith floures 4 
which doe turne into downe that is carried 
away with thewinde: the root is fmall and 
threddy, of the bignefle ofa finger,and ofa 
blackith colour. 

8 There is another kinde of willow like 
to the former, and differeth from it in that, 
the leaues of this kindeare fmaller and nar- 
frower,as big as the leaues of Myrtle,hauing 
{mall knobbie floures of a. duski(h co. 
lour, 


Li. 3. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 1391 


6 Salix humilis, 7 Chameitea, fine Salix pumila. 
Thelow Willow. Thedwarfe Willow. — , 


OA athens i 


$8 Salix humilie repense 
Creeping dwarfe! Willow. , 
Ae AW Ween s . i3 : away with the winde :the rootis {maj! and. 


colour, which turne into downe that flyeth 


limber, not growing deep,but running along 
vpon the vpper cruft of the earth. 
The Place. 

Thefe Willowes grow in diuers places of , 
England : the Rofe-Willow groweth plen- 
tifully in Cambridge fhire,by the riuers and 
ditches there in Cambridge towne they 
grow aboundantly about the places cailed 
Paradife and Hell-mouth, in theway from 
Cambridge to Grandchefter : I found the 
dwarfe Willowes growing neere toa bog or 
marith ground at the further end of Hacap- 
fted heath vpon the declining of the hill, in 
the ditch that inclofeth a fmall Cortage 
there,not halfe a furlong from the faid houfe 
or cottage. 


q@ The Time, 
The willowes do floure at the beginning 
of the Spring. 


sz, @ The Names. 
‘ The Willow tree ts called in Greeke ‘12: 
cs in Latine, Salix : in high-Dutch, npepder $ 
Bm 4), inlow-Durch, nBilgetts in Italian, Su/sce, 
TF ine Dean Salcio : in French, Sawx : in Spanith, Salzuei- 
By yy 70, Salzer,and Saws : in Englith,Sallow, Wi- 
rf 45° thie, and Willow, : 


The 


hve 3, 


The greater is called in Latine Salix perticalis, common Withy, Willow, and Sallow, efpecial. 
ly that which being often lopped fendeth out from one head many boughs : thekinde hereof with 
the red barke is called of Theophraftus,blacke VV ithy ; and the other,white : Pliny calleth the black 
Graca,ot Greeke Withie (the red,being the Grecke Withy, faith he, is eafie tobe cleft) and the 
whiter, Amcrina. 

Theophraftws writeth, that the Arcadians do call the leffer ext, not ‘tx: Pliny alfo nameth this 
Helice : both of them do make this to be Salicés tertia (becies, the third kinde of Sallow : the fame is 
likewife called in Latine, Salix pumila, Salix viminalis, Gallica Salix ; and by Columella,Sabina, which 
he faith that many do terme Amerina » ithigh-Dutch, Hlepn noepdew ¢ in low- Dutch, p2jjmen ¢ 
in Englifh, Ofier, fall Withy, Twig Withy : Petrus Crefcentivs nameth it Vincus. 

a) The Temperature. 

The leaues, floures, feed,and barke of Willowes are cold and dry in the fecond degtee, and a- 

ftringent. 


oS OF amLinepiobiEes 


: @| The Vertues. 

A The leaues and barke of Wathy or Willowes do ftay the {pitting of bloud, and all orher fluxes 
of b!oud whatfoeuer in man or woman, if the faid leaue$ and barke be boiled inwine and drunke. 

B The greene boughes with the leaues may very well be brought into chambers and fet about the 
beds of thofe that be ficke of feuers, for they do mightily coole the heate of the aire, which thing 
is a wonderfull refrefhing to the ficke Patients. 

Cc _ Thebarke hath like vertues : Déoftorides writeth, that this being burnt to afhes, and fteeped in 
vineger, takes away cornes and other like rifings in the feet and toes: diuers, faith Galen, doe flit 
the barke whileft the Withy is in flouring,and gather a certain iuice, with which they vfe to take 
away things that hinder the fight, and this is when they are conftrained to vfe a clenfing medicine 
of thin and fubcill parts. 


Cuar. 56. Ofthe Olive Tree. 


t Oleafativa, z 2 Oleafylucftris. * 
: ay ny The manured Oliue tree. The wilde Oliue tree, 


Tb Be 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 13093 


| The Defiription. 


1 a He tame ormanured Oliue tree groweth high ahd great with many branches, full of 
long narrow Jeaues not much vnlike the leaues of Willowes,but narrower and {maaller: 
the floures be white and very {mall, erowing vpon clufters or bunches: the fruitis long and round; 
wherein is an hard ftone : from which fruit is preffed that liquor which we call oyle Oliue. ; 
» 2 Thewilde Oliue is likevnto the tame or garden Oliue tree, fauing that the leaues are fome- 
thing {maller :among which fometimes do grow many prickely thornes : the fruit hereofis leffer 
than of the former,and moe in number,which do feldome come to maturitie or ripenes in fomuch 
that the oilewhich is made of thofeberries continueth euer green, and is called Oile Omphacine, 
or oile of vnripe Oliues, 
_@ The Place. 
Both thetameand the wilde Oliue trees grow in very many places of Italy, France, and Spaine, 
* and alfo in the Iflands adioyning : they are feported to loue the fea coafts ; formoft do thinke, as 
Columella writerh, that aboue fixty miles from the fea they cither dy , orelfe bring forth no fruit : 
but the beft, and they that do yeeld the moft pleafant Oyle are thofe that grow inthe Ifland called 
Candy. , 
, | The Time. 
* AlJlthe Oliue treés floure in the moneth of Iune : the fruit is gathered in Nouember or Decem- 
ber: when they be a little dried and begin towrinckle they are put into the preffe, and out of them 
is {qeezed oile, with wateradded inthe preffing ; the Oliues which are tobe preferued in falc and 
pickle muft be gathered before they be ripe, and whileft they are greene, 
G The Ngmes. 

The tame or garden Oliue tree is called in Greeke tie, and ‘Brefe gue : in Latine, Olea (ativa,and. 

Yrbana - inhigh-Dutch, Delbaumt: in low-Dutch, Mlijfboome + in Italian, Olino domeftico ; in 
- French, o/inier : in’ Spanith, Olina, and Olivera : in Englifh, Oliue tree. 

The berty is called Oliva: in Grecke alfO ‘sie : in Spanith, AXeytwna : in French, Dutch, and 
Englith, Oliue. { 5 

Oliues preferuedin brine or pickleare called Colymbades. 

Thewilde Oliuetree is named in Greeke, ‘aye’ ; in Latine, Olea (ylue/Pris, Oleafter ,Cotinus Oled 
Aithiopica : in Dutch, wAald Delbaum: in Italian, o lino faluatico : in Spanith, AXebuche, AXambul- 
heyro: in French, Olinier fanuage': in Englith,wilde Oliue tree. 

The Temperature and Vertues, 

The Oliues which be fo ripe as that either they fall off themfelues, or be ready to fall,which are 
named in Greeke, s#mmnis, be moderatly hot and'moift,yet being eaten they yeeld to the body little 
nourifhment. 

The vnripe oliues are dry and binding. 

Thofe that are preferued in pickle, called Colymbades, do dry vp the ouermuch moifture of the 
ftomacke, they remoue the loathing of meate, ftitre vp an appetite ; but there is nonourifhment at 
all that is to be looked for in them, much leffe good nourifhment. - 

The branches, leaues, and tender buds of the Oliue treedo coole, dry, and binde, and efpecial- 
ly of the wilde Oliue ; for they be of greater force than thofe ofthe tame: therefore by reafon they 
A milder they are better for eye medicines, which haue need of binding things tobe mixed with 
them. 

The fame do ftay S$. Anthonies fire,the fhingles, epiny tides, night wheales, carbuncles,and ca- 
ting vicers : being laid on with honey they take away efchares,clenfe foule and filthy vicers, and 
quench the heate of hot fivellings,and be good for kernels in the flanke : they heale & skin wounds 
in the head, and being chewed they are aremedie for vicers in the mouth. 

The iuyce and decoction alfo are of the fame effec : moreoucr,the iuice doth ftay all maner of 
bleedings,and alfo the whites, 

The iuice is preffed forth of the ftamped Ieaues, with wine added thereto (which is better) or 
with water, and being dried in the Sun it is made vp into little cakes like petfumes. 

The fiveat or oyle which iffueth forth of the wood whilett it is in burning healeth tetters,feurfs 
and fcabs, if they be anointed therewith. 1 

The fame which is preffed forth of the vnripe Oliues is as cold as it is binding. 

The old oile which is made of fweet and ripe Oliues,being kept long,doth withall become hot- 
ter,and is of greater force to digeft orwafte away ; and that oile which was made of the vnripe O- 


Qe 


Ae} 


EF 
G 
H 


Am 


line, being old, doth as yet retaine fome part of his former aftricion, and isofa mixt faculty,that 


is to fay, partly binding,and partly @igefting , for it hath got this digefting or confiming faculty 
by age, and the other propertie of binding of his owne nature, = 
é 


M 


ie | ah 4 | 

me 
Ady 
iy i 
Hi] 


 theoile of tipe Oliues mollifieth and affwageth paine, diffolueth tumors or fwellings, is 


Of the Hiftory of Plants: ~ Lips 3. 


ad We: good 
for the ftiffeneffe of the ioints, and againft cramps;efpecially being mingled according to art,with 


good and wholefome herbes appropriate vnto thofe difeafes and gricfes, as Hypericon, Cammomill, 
Dill, Lillies, Rofes,and many others, which do fortifie and increaft his vertues. 
The oile of ynripe Oliues, called Omphacinum oleum,doth ftay, repreffe, and driue away the be. 
. . Cy 4) i { * x 
ginning of tumors.and inammations, cooling the heate of burning vicers and exulcerations, 


ee = 


Of Prinet or Prim Print. 


q The Defcription, 


Cuar.57. 


Liguftrum. 
Priuet, or Prim Print, 


Riuet isa fhrub growing like ahedge tree; 

the branches and twigs wherofbe ftraight, 

and couered with foft gliftring leaues of a 

deepe green colour, like thofe of Peruincle, but 
yetjlonger, greater alfo than the leaues of the 
Oliue tree ::the floures be white, {weet offmeik, 
very little, growing in clufters ; which being 
vaded there fucceed clufters of berries, at the 
firft greene, anid when they beripe blacke like a 
little clutter of grapes, which yeeld a purplé 
inicé :the root groweth euery way aflope. 

lwo! q). The Place, 

..Fhe common: Priuet groweth naturally in - 

enery wood,and.in the hedge rowes of our Lon- 

don gardens: it is not fcund inthe countrey of 

Polonia and other parts adjacent. 

| The Time. 

It floureth inthe end of May,or in Iune : the 
beities are ripe in Autumneor about Winter, 
which now and then continue all the Winter 

_ Jong ; but inthe meane time the leaues fall a- 
way,and in.the Spring new come vp in their 
places, 


iN 


ia 


oy 


G The Names, 

Itiscalled in Latine, Liguftrum :in Italian 
at this day, Gyiftrico, by a corrupt word drawne 
from Liguffrum. «it is the Grecians pmvpa, and’ in 
no wile wee. ‘for Cyprusisa fhrub that grow- 
eth naturally.in the Eaft, and Priuet ‘in the 
Weft. They be very like one vnto another, as the defcriptions doe declare ; but yet in this they 
differ, as witneffeth Bellonins, becaufe the leaues of Priuet do fallaway in winter, and the leaues of 
Cyprus are alwaies greene : moreouer, the Jeaues of Cyprus do.make the haire red, as Diofcorides 
faith,and (as Béllonius reporteth) do giuea yellow colour : but the leaues of Priuct haue no yfe at 
allindying. And therefore Pliny, b.24.cap.10.was deceived, in that he iudged Priuet to be the 
felfe fame tree which Cyprus is in the Eaft: which thing notwithftanding he did not write as hee 
himfelfe thought, but as other men fuppofe ; for, 6.12. cap.14. he writeth thus : Some (faithhe) 
affirme this,2/%, Cyprus, to be that treewhich is called in Italy, ZigufPrum, and that Ligu/trum or 
Priuetis that plant which the Grecians call spe, thé defcription doth declare. 

Phillyria, faith Diofcorides, isa tree like in bigneffe to Cyprus,,with leaues blackerand broader 
than thofe of the Oline tree: it hath fruit like to that of the Maftick tree,blacke,fomething {weer, 
ftanding in clufters, and fucha tree for all the world is Priuet, as we hauc before declared. : 

Serapto the Arabian, cap.44. doth call Priuet Mahaleb. There is alfo another Mahaleb, which isa 
graine or feed of which Avicemmaketh mention; cap.a78. that it doth by his warme and comforta- 
ble heate diffolueand aflwage paine. Serapio feemeth to intreat ofthem both, and to containe dit 
vers of the cAfabaleh vnder the title Of one chapter it isnamed in bigh-Dutch, Betnholtslenr, 


efve : in Englifh, Priuet,Primprint,and Prine, 


» MDundtholts, Vhein oder Schultoeident : in low-Dutch, RAlevupe, Monthout: in French, Tro- 


Some 


Lis 3% Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


iccininmrabe 
octhesatt-ofbt 


Some there be that would hae the berries to be called Pacciatay and 7 
which Fétruvius hath made mention in hisfeuenth booke of Architedtire 
chap. 14. of purple colours : after the fame manner, faith he, they temper Vaccinium, ar ; 
milke vnto it do maké a gallant purple :'in fuch breuitie of the old writers wharcanbe ccitainely 
determined, 

@ The Temperature, 


The leaues and fruit of Priuetarecoldydry, and aftringenr. 


@y. The Vertuess 
The leaues of Priuet do cure'the fwellings, apoftumations, and vicers of the mouth orthroat, 
being gargarifed with the iuyce or decoition thereof, and therefore they be excellentgood tobe ~ 
put into lotions,to wath the fecret:parts,and the fcaldings with women,cankersand fores in’ chil- 


drens mouthes. 


Cuars 58. . Of Mocke-Privet. 


a Phillyres anguftifolia. 2 Phillyrea latiove folio, 
‘Narrow leaued Mock-Priueri The broader leaned Mock-Priuet 


© The Defiriptions 


z Yprusisa kinde,of Priuetjand is called Phiyrea, which tame all the forts or kindes 
thereof do retaine, though for diftin@tions fake they paffe vnder fundry titles. This 
plant growéth like an hedge tree, fometimes as big asa Pomegranat tree, befet with 

flender twiggy boughes which are garnifhed with leaues growing by couples, very like the leaues 
of the Oliue tree, but broader, fofter, and of a greene colour : fromthe bofomes of thele léaues 
come forth great bunches of fmall white floures, of a pleafant {weet {mell! which being vaded, 
cheré fircceed clufters of blacke'berties very like the berries of the’ Alder tree. ; 
2” Thefecond Cyptus, called alfo PAillyres latifolia, is very like the formerin body, branches, 


2 
leauc 


= = 


> 


— 
Lee 


a 


mo 


bs 3 Phillyrea ferrata 2. Clufij. 
The fecond toothed Priuet of Clufivs. | 


3 Thiskinde of Priuet rifeth vp like an 
hedge buh, of the height of fiueor fix cu- 
bits : the branches are long, fragile or brittle, 
couered with awhitifh barke ; wheteon are 
fet leaues fomwhat broad, iagged on theed- 
ges like the tecth of a faw,and of a deep green 
colour:among which come forth the floures, 
which neither my Author nor my felfehaue 
feene : the berries grow vpon {mall foot- 
ftalks, for the moft part three together,being 
round, and of the bigneffe of pepper graines, 
or Myrtle berries,of a blacke colour when 
they be ripe. 

gy The Place. 

Thefe plants do grow in Syria neere the 
city Afcalon,and were found by our induftri- 
ous Pena in the mountaines neere Narbone 
and Montpelier in France : the which I plan- 
ted inthe garden at Barn-Elmes neere Lon- 
don, belonging to the right Honourable the 
Earleof Effex : Ihaue them growing in my 
garden likewife. 

Q The Time, 

The Jeaues fhoot forth in the firft of the 
Spring : the floures fhew themfelues in May 
and Iune : the fruit is ripe in September. 

q The Names. 

This Priuet is called in Greeke, woos, and 

in Latine alfo Cyprus ; and may be named in 


Englith, Eafterlin Priuet, and Mocke-Priuet, for the reafon following : they are deceiued who 
taking Pliny for their Author, dothinke that itis Lign/irum, or our Welterne Priuet,aswee haue 
fhewed inthe former chap. it isthe Arabians Alcanna, or Henne : and itis alfo called of the Turks 
Henne euenat this prefent time. 
q| The Temperature. 
The leaues of thefe kindes of Priuet haue a binding qualitie,as D/ofcorides writeth. 
q The Vertues. 

Being chewed in the mouth they heale the vicers thereof, andare a remedie againft inflamma- 
tions or hot fwellings. ; ¥ ‘ 

The decoétion thereof is good againft burnings and fealdings. ; 

The fame being ftamped and fteeped in the iuice of Mullen and laid on, do make the haire red, 
as Diofcorides noteth. Bellonius writeth, that not only the haire, but alfo the nether parts of mans 
body and nailes likewife are coloured and died herewithwhich is counted an ornament among the 


The floures being moiftned in vineger and applied to the temples aflwageth head-ache. 
There is alfo made of thefe an oile called Olewm Cyprinum,fweet of {mell,and good to heate and 
fupple the finewes. 


Cuar. 59. Of baftard Prinet. 


G The Defcription, 


His fhrubby tree, called macaleb, or Mabaleb, isalfo one of the Priuets : it rifeth vp like 
vatoa {mall hedge tree, nqt vnlike vnto the Damfon or Bullefle tree, hauing many vp- 
right ftalks and {preading branches : whereon do grow leaues not vnlike thofe of the Phiyrea of - 
Clufiws defcription: among{t which come forth mofiie floures of awhite colour, and ofa perfect 


fiyeet 


eS PALs5 |" |. == aa ee ies 

Lis, 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 11907 
{weet fmell, growing in clufters, many hanging vpon one ftem, which the Grauer hath omitted : 
after which come the berties, greene atthe firft, and blacke when they be tipe, witha little hard 
ftonewithin, inwhich lieth a kernell. 

2 Gefnerand Matthiolws haue fet forth another Macateb, being alfo another baftard Priuet. Ie 
groweth toa {mall hedge tree, hauing many greene branches fet with round Jeaues 
the Elme tree, fomwhat fhipt about the edges : the floures are like thofe of the precedent; The 
fruit, or rather the kernell thereof, is as hard asa beade of Corall, fomewhat round,andof a thi- 
ning blacke colour; whichthe cunning French Perfumers do bore thorow, making thereof brace. 
lets, chaines,and fuch like trifling toyes, which they fend into England, {meaied ouer with fome 
odde fweet compound or other, and they are here fold vnto our curious Ladies and Gentlewomen 
for rare and ftrange Pomanders, for great fmmes of money. 


like thofe of 


1 Phillyrea arbor, verior Macaleb, 
Baftard Priuct. 


2 Macaleb Gefneri; 
Corall Priuet, 


@ The Place. 


Thefe trees grow in divers places of France, as about Tholoufe, and fundry other places; they 


ate ftrangers in England. 
© The Time, 

e Spring : the fruit is tipe in Nouember and December: 

: @ The Names. 

This baftard Ptiuet is that tree which diners fufpe& tobe that atchaleb or Macaleb of which A 

wicee writeth, cap. 4.78. and whichalfo Serapio {peaketh ofout of cAte/ue : but it is an hard thing to 

aflirme any certaintie thereby,feeing that Awicex hath deferibed it without markes : notwithftan- 

ding this is taken to be the fame of mott writers, and thofe of the beft : we may call it in Englith; 
aftard Priuet, or Corall,or Pomander Priuet, being without doubt a kinde thereof, 

| The Temperature and Vertues. 

et we haue learned as yet no vfe thereof in Phyficke. The kernels A 

which are found in the ftones or fruit,as they be like in tafte to tho of Cherries, fobe they alfo 

anfwerable to them in temperature; for they are ofa temperat heate, and do gently prouoke vrine, 

and be therefore good for the ftone : more we haue not to write than hath beene {poken in the de. 


{cription, 
Bbbbbb 


The floures bud forth in th 


Concerning this baftard Priy 


CHAP; 


Cuar. 60. Of the fruitleffe Prinet. 


gq The Defcription. 


i ae fhrubby buth, called of Pliny and Carolus Clufius, Alaternus, gtoweth vpto a {mall 

hedge tree, in forme like vnto a baftard Priuet ; but the leaues are more like thofe of 
iex,orthe French Oke, yet {tiffer and rounder than thofe of Macaleb : amongft which come forth 
tufts ofgreenith yellow floures like thofe of the Lentiske tree : vnder and among the leaues come 
forth the berries, like thofe of Laurus Tinus, in whichare contained two kernels like to the Acines 


ot ftones of the Grape. 


1 Alateraus Pliny. 2 —Alaternus bumilior. 
Fruitleffe Priuet. The lower fruitleffe Priuet. 


3 Thefecond kinde of Alaternus is likewifea fruitleffe kinde of Priuet, hauing narrow leaues 

fomewhat {niptabout the edges: from the bofomes whereof come forth {mall herby coloured 

iF floures ; which being vaded, there fucceedeth the fruit, whereof Auicen {peaketh, calling it by the 

Hi name Fagaras, being a fruit in bigneffe and forme like thofe in fhops called Cocculus-indi, and may 

be the fame for any thing that hath been written to the contrarie. This fruit hangeth as it werein 

a darke a(h-coloured skin or huske,which inclofetha flender ftiffe fhell like the fhell ofanut, co- 

uered with a thin or blacke filme, whether itbe the fruitofthis plantit isnot cenfured ; notwith- 
ftanding you fhall finde the figure hereof among the Indian fruits, by the name Fagaras. 

+ This hath fhorter branches and rounder leaues thanthe former : the floures are larger and 
greener ;towhich fucceed fruit cluftering together, firft greene, then red, and afterwards blacke, 
and confifting of three kernells : it floures in Februarie and the beginning of March, and growes in 
fundry places of Spaine. The fruit of this is not the Fagaras, neither doth the Fagaras mentioned. 
by our Author any way agree with the Coeculus Indi of the fhops, as fhall be fhewed hereafter im 
their fitplees. $ 

@ The Place. 


Thefe plants do grow in the fhadowie woods of France, and are ftrangers in England. 
q The 


hs 


a 


Lis, 3. “OftheHiftoryof Plants. ——«aap9 


Gq The Time. 
The time an{wereth the reft of the Priuets. 
The Names. 

" Alaternus of Pliny is the fame Phillyreawhich Theophraftus hath written of by the name Philyca,and 
Bellonins alfo, lib. ¢.cap.42. ofhis Singularities,and the people of Candy call it Eleprinon : the Por. 
tugals, Cafca : in French, Dalader,and Sangin blanc : in Englith, barren or fruitleffe Priuet: not 
withftanding fome haue thought it to beare fruit,which at this day is called Fagaras : with vs,Coc- 
éulus-Indi,as we haue faid. + 1 canby no meanes approue of the Englith name here giucn by our 
Author ; but indge thename of Euer-greene Priuet, (giuen it by M*.Parkinfon) tobe much more 
fitting tothething. + 


9] The Temperature andVertues. 

Whether the plant be vfed in medicine I cannotas yet learne s the fifhermen of Portugall do A 
vie to feethe the barke thereof in water, with the which decoétion they colour their nets of a red- 
dith colour, being very fit for that purpofe : the wood alfo is vfed by Dyers todyeadarke blacke 
withall, 


Cuav. 61. Of the white and blew Pipe-Priuet. 


1 Syringa alba, 2 Syringacerulea, 
White Pipe. Blew Pipe. 


q. The Defeription. 


ye Hewhite Pipe groweth like an hedge tree, or buthy (hrud : from the toot wherof arife 
many fhoots, which in fhort time grow to be equal! with the old ftocke, whereby in 

little time it increafeth to infinite numbers, like the common Englith Prim or Pri- 

‘yet, whereofdoubrlefeit is akinde, if we confider every circumftance: the branches are couered 
with arugged gray barke: the timber is white, with fome pith or fpongie matter in the middle 
like Elder, but leffer in quantitic. Thefe little branches are garnifhed with {mall crumpled leaves 
of the fhape and bigneffe of Peare tree leaues, ra ee in forme: among which come fou 
B a gh : the 


ts 


OF the Hiftorie of Plants. L 13.3. 


; the floures,growing in tufts,compaé of foure 
£ 3 Syringa Arabica. {mall leaues ofa white colour, and of a plea- 
~ Arabian Pipe. fant fiveet fmell ; but in my iudgement they 
are too fweet, troubling and molefting the 
head in very ftrange manner. I once gathered 
the floures and laid them in my Chamber 
window, which fmelled more ftrengly after 
they had lien together a few houres, with 
fuch an vnacquainted fauor,that they awaked 
me out of my fleepe, fo that Lcould not take 
any reft till [had caft them out of my cham- 
ber. When the floures be vaded then follo- 
weth the fruit, which is fmall,curled,and as ie 
were compact of many little folds, broad to- 
wards the vpper part, and narrow towards the 
ftalk, and black when it is ripe,wherin is con- 
tained a flender and Jong feed. The root here. 
of {preadeth it felfeabroad in the ground, af. 
ter the manner of the roots of fuch fhrubbie 
trees. 

2 The blew Pipe groweth likewife in 
maner of a {mal hedge tree,with many fhoots 
rifing from the root like the former, as our 
common Priuvetdoth, whereof it isa kinde: 
The branches haue fome fmall quantitie of 
pith in the middle of the wood, and arecoue= 
red with a darke blacke greenifh barke or 
rinde. The leaues are excecding greene, and 
crumpled or turned vp like the brimmes ofan 
hat, in fhapevery like vnto the leaues of the 
Poplar tree :among which come the floures, 
of an exceeding faire blew colour,compaé of 
many {mall floures in the forme ofa bunch of 


grapes : each floure is in fhew like thofe of 
i Pld bra Dodonei, coniilting of f 
2 ; ; fe Valeriana rubra Dodove:, contifting of foure 
% ca, fi lans Ungucntaria ; i ] 
4 IG cee aes & : parts likea little ftar, of an exceeding fweet 
1¢é€ e€ ° te 


fauor or fmel,but not fo {trong as the former, 
When thefe floures be gone, there fucceed 
flat cods, and fomewhat long, which being 
ripe are ofa light colour, with a thinne mem- 
brane or filme in the mid‘t, wherein are feeds 
almoft foure fquare, narrow and ruddy. 

¢ 3 This (which Clufus ferterh forth 
by the name of lafminum Arabicum, ox Syrin. 
4 UArabica) groweth fome two or three cu- 
bits high, diuided into many flender bran- 
ches, whereon by couples at eachioint ftand 
leaues like thofe of the firft defcribed, but 
thinner, and not fnipt about the edges: on 
the tops of the branches grow the floures, 
wholly white,confifting of nine,ten,or twelue 
Teaues fet in two rankes: thefe floures are very 
fweet, hauing a fent as it were compounded. 
of the Spanith Iafinine, and Orange floures.It is a tender plant,and may be graffed vpon the com- 
mori la{mine, whereon it thriues well, and floures moft part ofthe Sommer, It groweth plentiful- 
ly in Egypt ; and Propper CAlpinus is thought tomention this by thename of Sambac Arabum, fine 
~Neminum Arabicum, 
eae ale WE aR or theoylie Acorne,is the fruit ofa tree like Tamariske, of the bigneffe 
ofan Hafell Nut , out of the kernell whereof, no otherwife than out of bitter Almonds, is prefled 
an oylie iuycewhich is vfed in pretious Oyntments, as Dio corides affrmeth : neither is it in our 
timewholly teieéted ; for the oyle of this fruit mixed with fiveet odours ferueth to pou 
gloues 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


Lis. 3. 


sloues and diuers other things ; and is vulgarly knowne by thename.of Oyle of Bens 
j The Place, 

1.2. Thefe trees grow not wilde in England, but I have them growing in my gardenin very 
great plenty. ? 

~ @| The Time. 

They floure in April! and May, buras yet they haue not borne any fruit in my garden, though 
in Italy and Spainé their fruitisripe in September. * e 
7 gy The Names. 

The later Phyfitians call the firft Syringa, or ratherave,e that is to fay,a Pipe,becaufe the ftalks 

and branches thereof, when the pithis taken out, are hollow like a pipe sit is alfo many times fyr- 
named Cundida, or white, or Syringa candido flore, or Pipewitha white floure, becaufe it fhould dik. 
fer from Lillach, which is fometimes named. Syringacerulea, or blew Pipe:in Englith, White 
Pipe. } : 
Blew Pipe the later Phy fitians,aswe haue faid;do name Pill icbs ot Lilac : of fome, Syringa ce- 
rilea, or blew Pipe:moft do expound the word Lillach, and cAllit Bex Scpapio’s and ek abide 
Ben is Glans unguentaria, which the Grecians name adhere pups, fiom which Lilach doth very much 
differ : among other differences it is very apparant,that Liloh Bringeth forth no Nut, howfoeucr 
Matthiolus doth fablly pigure itwith one ;fordt hath only 4 little cod, the feed whereof hath in it 
nooileatall. The figure of the Balanus Myrepfica we haue thought good to infert in this chapter. 
for want ofa more conuenientroome, haat 
y The Temperature and Vertues. 

Concerning the vfe and faculties of thefe fhrubs neither we our {elues haue found out any thing A 
nor learned ought of orhets. 

+ The Balanns Myrepfica taken in the quantitie of a dram, caufeth vomit ;drunk with Hydromel B 
it purges by ftoole, but ts hurtfull'to the ftomacke. f 

The oile prefled out ofthis fruit,which is vfually termed oyle of Ben,as it hath no good or plea- C 
fing fmell, fo hath it no ill fent, neither doth it become rancide by age, which is the reafon that it 
is much vfed by perfumers. 

The oile fmoothes the skin, foftens and diffolues hardneffe,and conduces to the cure ofall cold D 
affe és of the finewes {and itis good for the paine and noife in the eares, being mixed with Goofe- 


greafe,and fo dropped in warme ina fmall quantitic. 


; ae a 


Cuar.62.. Of Widow-Waile, or Spurge Oline. 


@] The Defeription. 


branched with many {mall twigs, fullof little Ieaues like Prinet,but fmallerand blac- 
ker, on the ends whereof grow {mall pale yellow floures : which being paft,there furccee- 
deth athreecornered berrie like the Tithymales, for which caufe it wascalled Tricoccos, that is, 
three berried Chamelea : thefe berries are greene at the firft, red afterward, and browne when they 
be withered, and containe in them an oylie fatneffe like that of the Oliue, being ofan hot and bi- 
ting tafte, and that doe burne the mouth, as do both the leaues and tinde, The root is hardand 


wooddy. 


V Idow-waile isa {mall fhrub about two cubits high. The ftalke is ofa wooddy fub fiance, 


6] The Place. 
It is found in mof vntilled grounds of Italy and Languedoc in Franee, in rough and defart pla- 


ces. Ihaue itgrowing in my garden. ; 
@ The Time, 


It isalwaics greene: the {eed is ripe ia Autumne. 

q rhe Names, 

The Grecians call it zeuésue as though they fhould fay, low or fhort Oliue tree :the Latines, 
Oleago, and Oleaftellus, and likewife Cétocacium : it is alfonamed of diuers, Olinella,as Matthiolus Syl- 
vaticus faith : itis called in Englith, Widow-Waile, quia facit viduas. : 

The fruit isnamed of dimers, Kieu aitee + In Latine , Coccus cnidifus : but he’ is deceiued, faith 
Diofcorides, that nameth the fruit of Spurge-Oliue, Cocews Cidifus : Auicenand Serapio call Cha- 
melea,or Spurge Oliue, Mesercon : ynderwhich name notwithftanding they haue alfo contained 
boththe Chamzleons or Carlines ; and fohaue they confounded Chamelaa or Spurge Oliue with 
the-Carlines, and likewife Thymelea, or Spurge flax. , 

Lit The 


Bbbbbb 3 


Un a 


{402 


Chamelaa Avrabum Tricoccse 
Widow-Waile. 


é frico CONN 


la\ 
(mes0rUrmn— 


Chamelaa Germanica, fine MeXereon. 
Spurge Flax, orthedwarfe Bay. — — 


ab oo vanes Wie ne Un — 
’ } Kae \ 


Of the Fiifforie of Plants, 


Lis. 


4] The Temperature. 
Both the leaves and frait of Spurge-Oliue, as 
we haue faid, are ofa burning and extrme hot 
temperature. e 
@ The Vertues, 

The leaues , faith Diofcorides, purge both 
flezme and choler, efpecially taken in pills, fo 
that two parts of WW ormewood be mixed with 
one of Spurge Oliue,and made vp into pils 
with Mede orhonied water. They meltnot in 
the belly, butas many as be taken are voided 
whole. 

cMefue likewife hath a defcription of pills 
of the leaues of Mezereou, that is, Chamelea, or 
Spurge-Oliue (yet Sy/#ius expoundeth it TAy- 
melea,or Spurge-F lax) but in ftead of Worm. 
wood he taketh the outward fubftance of the 
yellow Mirobalans and Cepula Mirobalans 
and maketh them vp with Tereniabin, that is 
to fay, with Manna and foure Dates , which 
they call Tamarinds, diffolued in Endiue wa- 
ter ; and appointeth the fame leaues to be firft 
tempered with very ftrong vineger, and to be 
dried. 

Thefe pills are commended againft the 
Dropfie,for they draw forth watery humours, 
but are violent tonature , therfore we muft v{e 
them as little as may be. Moreouer,Diofcorides 
addeth,that the leaues of Spurge Oliue beaten 


_ with hony do clenfe filthy or crufted vicers. 


CHAP. 63. 


Of Germane Oline Spurge. 
The Defiription. 
B ives dwarfe Bay tree, called of Dutch men 
MeXereon,is a {mal fhrub two cubits high: 
the branches be tough, limber, & eafie to bend, 
very foft to becut ; whereon grow long leaues 
like thofe of Priuet,but thicker and fatter The 
floures appeare before the leaues, oft times in 
Tanuarie,cluftring together about the ftalks ar 
certain diftances, of awhitith colour trending 
to purple, and of amoft fragrant and pleafant 
{weet {mel : after come the {mall berries,green 
at the firft,but being ripe,ofa fhining red co- 
Jour,and afterward wax ofa dark black colour, 
ofavery hot and burning tafte, inflaming the 
mouth and throat, being tafted, with danger 
of choking. The root is wooddy. 
qq The Place and Time. 

This plant grows naturally in the moift and 
fhadowy woods of moft of the Eaft countries, 
efpecially about Meluin in Poland, from 
whence I haue had great plenty thereof for my 
garden, where they floure in the firft of the 
Spring,and ripen their fruit in Auguft. 

q The Names. 

It is vfually called in high-Dutch.Zeilant, 

wWeidelbatt, Lenfshraut,and Rellerhals ¢ the 


pothecaries 


ee ye % y ~ Of the Hiftory ofPlants. =. ‘1403 


| ae bps: 2% 
Apothecaries of our countrey name it Mesereon, butwe had rather call it Chamelea Germanicas in 
Englith,Dutch Mezereon,or it may be called Germane Oliue Spurge. We haue heard, thar di 


Til Cie: 


-uers Italians doname the truit thereof Piper Montanum,Mountaine Pepper. Some fay that Laurcola 
ot Spurge Laurel! is this plant,but there is another Z azreola, of which we will hereafter treat :but 
by what name it is called of the old writers,and whether they knew it or no, it ishard to tell. It is 
thought tobe Cxeoron album Theophrajftiout by reafon of his breuitie,we can affirme no certainty 

There is, faithhe,twokindes of Czeoron, thewhite and the blacke, the white hath a leat e, long, 
like in forme to Spurge Oliue : the black is ful of fubftance like Mirtlesthe low one is more white 
the fame is with {mell, and the blacke without {mell: The root ofbothwhich gioweth deepe, 3 
great: the branches be many,thicke,wooddie,immediatly growing out of the earth,or little aboue 
the earth,tongh : wherefore they vfe thefe to binde with,as with Oziars. They bud and floure when 
the Autumne Equinodiall is paft,and along time after. Thus much Theophraftws. 

The Germane Spurge Olive is not much vnlike to the Oliue tree in leafe : the floure is fweet of 
fmel! : the buds whereof,as we haue written,come forth after Autumne: the branches arewooddy 
and pliable: the root long.grow ing deepe : all which thew that it hath great likeneffeand affinity 
with Cacoron,ifitbenot the very fame. 


a The Temperature. 

This plant is likewife in all parts extreme hot: the fruit, the leaues,and the rindeare very fhatpe 
and biting : they bite the tongue, and fet the throte on fire. 

q The Vertues. 

The leaures of Mezercon do purge downeward,flegme,choler, and waterith humours with creat 
violence. ; 

Alfoifa drunkard do eat one graine or berry of this plant, hee cannot beallured to drinke any 
drinke at that time; {uch will be the heat of his mouth and choking inthe throat. 

This plant is very dangerous to be taken into the body, & in nature like to the Sea Tithymale, 
leauing (if it be chewed) {uch an heat and burning in the throat, thatit is hard tobe quenched, 

The fhops of Germany and of the Low-countries dowhen ‘need require vfe the leaues hereof 
in ftead of Spurge Oliue,which may bée done without errour; for this Germane S$ purge Oliue is 
like in vertue and operation to the other,therefore it may be vfed in ftead therof, and prepared after 
the like and felfe-fame manner. 


Cuar.64. OfSpurge Flix. 


1 Thymelea. q The Defcription. 


Purge Flax bringeth forth many flender 

branched f{prigs aboue a cubite high, coue- 

red round with long and narrow leaues like 
thofe of flax,narrower & leffer than the leaues 
of Spurge Oliue. The floures are white,{mal], 
ftanding onthe vpper parts of the {prigs: the 
fruit is round,greene at the firft, but red when 
it is ripe, like almoft to the round berries of the 
Hawthorne,inwhich is a white kernel couered 
witha blacke skinne,very hot and burning the 
mouth like Mezereon : the rooris hard and 
wooddie. 

@ The Place. 

It groweth in rough mountains, and in vn- 
toiled places in hot regions. It groweth in my 
garden. q| The Time. 

It is greene at any time of the yeare,but the 
fruit is perfetedin Autumne. 

a The Names. 

The Grecians call it ssa’ the Syrians, as 
Diofcorides witneffeth , Apolinon ;: diuers alfo 
Chamelea,but not properly j but as Diofcorides 


fruit Coccos Cnidios , notwithftanding thofe 
which Theophraffus calléth Cueord feem to dif: 
fer fro m Thymelea,or Spurge Flax, vnlefle pyj_ 
grum Cncoron be T hymeleafor Theophraftus {aitti 


thaé 


faith, the leafe is properly called Cneoron,&z the ' 


he Hilterte of Plants, 


LL 1B.3. 


wo kindes of Czearon;the one whate,the other blacke: this may becalledin Englith, 
ax,ot Mountaine Widow Wayle: the feed of Thyrselea is called in thops, Granum Gni- 


The Temperature. 


Spurge Flax is naturally both in leaues and fruit extreme hor, biting and ofaburning qualitic. 
q The Fervtu és. 
A. Thegraines orberries, as Diofcorides faith, purgeby fiege choler, flegme and water, if twenty 


gtaines of the inner part be dsunke,butt burneth the mouth and throat,wherefore it is tobe giuen 
with fine floure or Barly meale,or in Raifons,orcouered with clarified hony, that it may be fwal- 
lowed. 

B The fame being amped with Niter and vineger,ferueth to annoint thofe with,which can hard. 
ly fweat. ; $ 

C © The leaues muft be gathered about harueft, and being dried in the fhade,they are tobe layed vp 
and referued. ; 

D They thatwould give them muft beat them,and take forth the ftrings:the quantity of two ouns 
ces and twodrams put into wine tempered with water, purgeth and draweth forth watery humors : 
but they purge more gently if they be boiled with Lentils,and mixed with pot-herbes chopped, 

E The fame leaues beaten to pouder and made vp into trochifces or flat cakes, with the iuice of 
fower grapes are referued for vie, 


+) ace E The herbe is anenemy to the ftomacke,which alfo deftroyeth the birth if itbe applied. 
| y ie 
; Wd jig 
: A i aoe is i + _ Our Author formerly following Tabernamontanus ganc two figires and defcriptionsin this Chapter, but being both ofone thing I omitted the worfer figure and 
hT i it delcription. =, 
1 dy ty ; ' i 4 
ees a 
a j } ; ne 
utit i <tr 


Cuar.65: Of Spurge Laurell. 


| 


{ y 
* ie _ Laureola florens. Laureola cums fructy. 
Laurell,or Spurge Laurell flouring: : Laurell with his fruit, 
’ \ { ee | Y h Jn nine AOUMASULO LS y & ( QO 
«NY ) ovo | rt Lawes a 


| 


| 


| Lis. 3 Of the Hiftory of Plants. | 14.05 


| groffe,fmooth,blackith greene, fhining, like the leaues of Laurell, but lefler, thicker, and without 


PS ey 


————* 


q The Defcription. 


Purge Laurell is a fhrub of a cubit high,oftentimes alfo of two, and fj preadeth with many little 


bougheswhich are tough and lithy, and couered with a thicke rinde. The leaues be long, broad, 


{mell, very many at the top,cluftering together. The floures be long, hollow, ofa whitith greene, 


_ hanging beneath and among the leaues : the berries when they be ripe are blacke, with a hard kere 


nell within,which isa little longer than the feed of Hempe : the pulpe or inner fubftance is whites 

the root wooddie,tough, long, and diuerfly parted,growing deepe: the leaues, fruit and barke, as wel 

of the root as of the little boughes,doe with their fharpneffe and burning qualitie bite’ and fet on 
fire the tongue and throat. 

The Place, 

It is found on mountaines, in yntilled,rough,fhadowic,and wooddie places,as by the lake of Lo- 

zanna or Geneua,and in many places neere the riuer of Rhene and ofthe Maze. + Ir growes abun. 

~dantly alfo inthe woods in che moft partsof England, + : 


@ The Time. 


The floures bud very foon,a little after the Autume Equinotiall:they are full blown in Winter, 
or in the firft Spring : the fruit isripe in May and Iune: the plant is alwaies greenc,and indureth 
the cold ftormes of winter. 

@ The Names. 

It is called in Greeke amt, of the likenefle it hathwith the leaues of the Laurell or Bay treea 
in Latine likewcfe Daphnoides : the later Latinifts for the fame caufe name it Laureola, as though 
they thould fay Minor Lavrws,or little Laurell. it is called sxusyttsn, and amon, notwithftanding there 
is another Chamedaphne,and another Peplion, This fhrub is commonly called in Englith, Spurge 
Laurell;of diuers,Laurell or Lowry. 

Some fay that the {talians name the berries hereof Piper montanum , ot Mountaine Pepper, as 
a the berries of Dutch Mezereon ; others affirme them to bee called in High Dutch alfo, Zeia 

ant, 

It may be Theophrastus his Cneoron : forit is much liketo a Mirtle in leafe, itis alfoa branched 
plant, tough and pliable,hauing a deep root,without fmell with a blacke fruit 


G The Ti cwaper ature. 


It is like in temperatureand facultie to the Germane S purge Oliue, throughout thewhole fubs 


ftance biting and extreme hor, 
a The Vertuese 


The dric or greene leaues of Spurge Laurell, faith Dio(corides, purgeth by fiege flegmaticke hu- 
mors ; it procureth vomite and bringeth downe the menfes,and being chewed it draweth water out 
ofthe head. ; 
Itlikewifecaufeth neezing ; moreouer, fifteene graines of the feed thereof drunke, are a purga- 
tion. 


Cuar, 66. Of Rofe Bay,or Oleander, 
§ The Defiription. 


1 Ofe Bay isa {mall fhrub of a gallant thew like the Bay tree, bearing leaues, thicker, 
greater longer and rougher than the leaues of the Almond tree:the floures be of a faire 
red colour,diuided into fiue leaues, not much vnlike a little Rofe : the cod or fruit is 

long, like 4/elepias,or Vincetoxicum,and full of fach white downe, among which the feed lieth hid- 
den: the root is long,{mooth,and wooddie, ; 

2 The fecond kinde of Rofe bay, is like the firft,& differeth in that,that this plant hath white 

floures;but in other refpedts it is very like, cds bake va ae 
he 


A 


B f 


as 


06 + Ofthe Hiftoryof Plants: = Lan.3. 


$$ 


1 Nerium,five Oleander. 2 Nerium flore albo. 
The Rofe Bay. The Rofe Bay with white floures 


' i td 
i _ _@ The Place. 
bi Thefe grow 4n Italy and other hot regions, by riuers and the Sea fide: I haue them growing in 
: my garden. 
: ; G The Time, 
In my garden they floure inluly and Auguft: the cods be ripe afterwards. 
; | ; q The Names. 
"a __ This plantis named in Greeke niemby Nicander,snex: in Latine likewife Nerion, andalfo Rhodo- 
dendron,and Khedodaphne,that is to fay,Rofea arbor,and Rofta Laurus :in fhops, Oleander : ‘in Italian, 
Oleandyo : in Spanith,ddelfa,Eloendrogand Alendro ; in French,Rofagine ; in Englith, Rofetree, Rofe 
i Bay,Rofe Bay tree and Oleander, 
; by q z he Temperature and Vertues. 
i A. This tree being outwardly applied,as Galen faith,hath a digefting facultie: but if it be inwardly 
Lf taken it is deadly and poifonfome, nor only to men,but alfoto moft kindes of beafts. 
i i B__ The floures and leaues kill dogs,affes,mules,and very many of other foure footed beafts : but if 
) Pf 


men drinke them in wine they are a remedy againft the bitings of Serpents,and the rather if Rue be 

‘i added. Me PNG 

5 he A | ry C The weaker fortof cattell,as fheep and goats, if they drinke the waterwherein the leaues haue 
tt been fteeped, are fure todie: 


| The Defcription, 


Warfe Nerium ox Rofe Bay,hath leaues which for the moft part are alwaies green, rough,and 
fmall,ofa pale yellow colour like Box, far leffer chan Oleandet :the whole plant is of afhrub- 

bie ftature,leaning this way and thatway,as not able to ftand vpright without helpe; his bran- 

ches are couered and fet full of {mall floures,ofa fhining {carlet or crimfon colour ; growing vpon 
Bt ON ae ADK ar Pekin Seay z the 


| 
) 2 


—S- 


(a 


Guay 


Chamerhododendros Alpigena, 
Dwarfe Rofe Bay. 


LZ 


Laurus. 
The Bay tree. 


a as aT TTI a a) 
Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1407 


the hils as yego from Trent to Verona, which 
in Iuneand July are as it were couered witha 
{carletcoloured carpet, of an odoriferous fa- 
uor,and delectable afpect, which being fallen 
there commeth feed and faire berries like 4. 
fparagus. 

q The Place. 

The place and time are expreffed in the de- 
feription, 
g The Names. 

This may be called in Englith, Dwarfe 
Rofe Bay of the Alps.1 find not any thing ex- 
tant of the vertues,{o that Iam conftrained to 
leave the reft vnto your owne difcretion. 


4 ‘The other plantour Author formerly defecibed inthis chapter. in the 
Soplace by the name of (hamarododendros montana,l hauc here omitted, becaule 
heferie forth before by thename of (iftus Ledum Silefizeum , giuing 2. figures 
and ene defeription,nthe 1, and 12.places ofthe &.chap. ofthis 3-Booke, 


Cuar.68.Of the Bay or 


Laurell trees 


@ The Defiription. 


z Pi Bay ot Laurell tree commeth 

oftentimes to the height of a tree 
ofamean bigneffe;it is full ofboughes,coue- 
red witha greene barke : the leaues thereof 
are long, broad, hard, of colour greene, fweet- 
ly fmelling,and in tafte fomwhat bitter : the 
floures alongft the boughes and leaues are of 
a greene colour : the berries are more long 
than round,and be couered witha black rind 
or pill: the kernell within is clouen into two 
parts, like that of the Peach and Almond,and 
other fuch, of a browne yellowifh colour, 
fweet of fmell,in tafte fomewhat bitter,with 
alittle fharpe or biting qualitic. 

2 There is alfo a certaineother kinde 
hereofmore like toa fhrub, fending forth our 
of the roots many off{prings,which notwiths 
ftanding groweth not fohigh as the former, 
and the barkes of the boughes be fomewhat 
red: the leaues be alforenderer, and not fo 
hard : in other things not vnlike, 

Thefe two Bay trees Diofcorides was not 
ignorant of ; for he faith, that the one is nar- 
row leafed, and the other broader leafed, or 
rather harder leafed which is more like. 


q The Place. 
The Laurell or bay tree groweth es 
sia ; “iow 


tte epee 


Q = Of the Fiftory of Plants, L13,3, 


n Spaine and fuch hot regions,we plant and fet it in gardens, defending it from cold at the be. 

of March efpecially. 
l not feene any one tree thereof growing in Denmarke,Sweuia,Poland, Livonia, or Ruffia; 
or in any of thofe cold countries where I haue trauelled. ’ 


@] The Time. 


_ The Bay tree groweth greene winter and Sommer : it floureth in the S pring, and the black fryit 
isrip¢in Oober, 
e @ The Names, 

This tree is called in Greekeavom: in Latine,Laurys : in Italian, Lauro - ip high Dutch, WLopeys 
beerbauntt: in low Dutch, Lavrug boome: in French,La0rier :in Spanith,Zawrel,Lorel,and Loureiyos 
in Englith,Laurell,or Bay tree. 

The fruit is named in Greeke write-in Latine,Lavri bacce: in high Dutch, 2Looerbeeret: inlow 
Durch Bakeleer: in Spanthh,Yayzs : in Englith, Bay berries. 

The Poets faine that it tooke his name of Daphne, Lado his daughter, with whom Apollo fell in 
loue. ; 

@| The Temperature and Vertues. 


A. The Berries and leaues of the Bay tree, faith Galen,are hot and vety drie,and yet the berries more 

than the leaues. 

B The barke is not biting and hot,but mere bitter,and it hath alfoa certaineaftriGtiue or binding 
qualitie, 

Cc Bay Berries with Hony or Cute,are good ina licking medicine, faith Diofcorides, again the 

~ pthificke or Confumption of the lungs, difficulty of breathing,and all kinde of fluxes or rheumes 
about the chef. 

D Bay Berties taken in winé,ate good againft the bitings and {tingings ofany venomous bea ftand 
againft all venome and poifon: they clenfe away the morphew : the iuice preffed our hereof is a re= 
medy for paine of the cares,and deafeneffc,if it be dropped in with old wine and oile of Roles: this 

is alfo mixed with ointments that are good againft wearifomnefle, and that heateand difcuffe or 

watte away humors. , 


E Bay berries are put into Mithridate, Treacle, and {uch like medicines that are made to refreth 
ah fuch people as are growne {luggith and dull by meanes of taking Opiate medicines, or fuchas haue 
i . i] any venomous or poifoned quality in them. 

Vi E They are good alfoagain{t cram ps and drawing together of finewes. 
1 G ~ Weinourtimedonotvietheberrics forthe infirmities of the lungs,or cheft, but minifter them 


againft the difeafes of the ftomacke,liuer,fpleene, and bladder: they warmea cold ftomacke,caufe 
5 : : 3 of . ) p) 
conco “tion of raw humours, ftirre vp a decaied appetite, take away the loathing of mear, open rhe 
: ftopping of the liuerand {pleene,prouoke vrine, bring down the menfes,and driue forth the fecon« 
' Oppie f of > D > 
; dine, 
H__ Theoile preffed out of thefe,or drawne forth by decoction, doth in fhort time take away feabs 
and fuch like filth of rhe skin. 


; ; I Itcureth them that are beaten blacke and blew,and that be bruifed by fquats and falls,it remoos 

iM ueth blacke and blew {pots and congealed bloud,and digefteth and wafteth away the humors ga- 
j thered about the grieued part. 

K Diofcorides faith, that the4eaues are good for the difeafes of the mother and bladder, ifa bath be 


; i made thereof to bathe and fit in: that the greene leaues do gently binde, thatbeing applied, they 


! i i ood againft the ftingings of wafpes and Bees, thar with Barly meale parched and bread, they 
| i eallkinde of inflammations, and that being taken indrinke they mitigate the paine of the 
icke, but procure vomite. 

| a L The Berries ofthe Bay tree amped with alittle Scammonie and Saffron, and laboured ina 
4 yal : : m« ith vinegerand oile of Rofes tothe forme of aliniment, and applied to the temples arid 

rh } aE d,do greatly ceafe the paine of the Megrim. 
ae ee M. tcommon drunkards were accuftomed to eat in the morning fafting two leaues 

ih Kiet th nkenneffe. 

y j } ig} N hy fitions doe oftentimes vfe to boyle the leaues of Laurell with diuers meats,efpeci - 


’ fo doing there happeneth no defire of vomiting : but the meat feafoned herewith 
lauory and better for the ftomacke. 


O (he barke of the root of the Bay tree,as Gales writeth,drunken in wine prouoketh vrine, bre 
the 


ftone,and driueth forth grauell : it openeth the ftoppings of the liuer, the {pleene,and all other 
ltoppings of the inward parts': which thing alfo Diofcorides affirmeth, who likewife addeth thar ic 
killeth the childe in the mothers wombe, 


ch 


Ithelpeth the dropfie and the iaundife,and procureth vntowomen their defired fickneffe. N 


OurAuthor bere allo gaue the two figures of Tabernamontanus 5 che firft by thename of Laurds mas,orche male Bay tree,and thé other by the nameof Lavras 
feminashe female Bay:the difference in the figures syaslittle or none, wherefort I haue made oneferuc. 


Cuar.69. Of the Wilde Bay tree. 


q The Defiription. 


t Aurus Tinus, or the wilde Bay tree, groweth likea fhrub or hedge buth, hauing many 

| Begs and pliant branches,fet full of leauesvery like to the Bay leaues, but fmaller and 

more crumpled,of a deepe and fhining greene colour : among which come forth tufts 

ofwhitih floures,turning at the edges intoalight purple : after which follow {mali berries of 2 

blew colour,containing a few graines or feeds like the ftones or feeds of grapes : the leaues and all 
the parts ofthe plantare altogether without fmel! or fauour. 


y Laurus Tinus. 2 Laurus Tinus Lufitanica. 
The wilde Bay tree. The Portingale wilde Bay tree, 


2 Tinus Lufitanica groweth veric like to Cornus Famina,orthe Dog-berry tree, but thebranches 
be thicker,and more ftiffe,coucred with a reddith barke mixed with greene : the leauesare like the 
former, but larger,hauing many finewes or vaines running through che fame like as in the leaues of 
Sage : the floures hereof grow in tufts like the precedent,butthcy are of colour more declining to 
purple: the {mall branches are likewife ofa purple colour: the leaues haue no fmellat all, either 
good or bad : the berries are {maller than the former,of a blew colour declining to blackneffe. 

q The Place. . 

The wilde Bay groweth plentifully in euery field of Italy, Spain,and other regions,which differ 
according tothe nature.and {cituation of thofe countrics: they grow in my garden and profper ve- 
ry well. 

Ccccece @ thé 


go. OF che Fiery of Planes earl 


© The Time. 
The wilde Laurell is euer greene,and may oftentimes be feene moft part of thew inter, andthe 
beginning of the {pring with the floures and ripe berries growing bothat one feafon, 

Z @ The.Names, 

It is called in Latine Tinws,and Laurus (ylucjtris : in Greeke,sion eye: Catonameth it Laurus fylua: 
tica : in Italian,Lauro fyluatico : in Spanifh, V#a de Perro, otherwife Follado ; and of divers, Dyrilla : 
in Englifh wilde Bay. 

q| The Temperature and Vertues, 

Plizy nor any other of the Antients haue touched the faculties of thiswilde Bay, neitherhaue 

weany vnderftanding thereof by the later writers, or by our owne experience. 


— aa aaa ———e 


Crap. 70. Of the Box Tree. 


Buxus. : q The Deftription, 
The Box eS [Ouwrhuds Jbn ew fends = a ae ° 
NOE } J T He great Box isa faire tree, bearing a great 
» op body or trunke: the weod or timber is yel- 

low and very hard , and fit for fundry workes, 
hauing many boughes and hard branches, befer 

. with fundry fmall hard green leaues, both win- 
terand Sommer like the Bay tree: the floures 
are very little, growing among the leaues, of a 
grecne colour: which being vaded there fuc- 
ceed {mall blacke fh ining betries,of the bignes 
of the feeds of Corianders, which are inclofed 
in round greenith huskes, hauing three feet or 

“ Tegs like a braffe or boiling pot: the rootis like- 
wife yellow,and harder than the timber, but of 
greater beauty,and more fit for dagger haftes, 
boxes,and fuch like vfes,whereto the trunke or 
body ferueth, than tomake medicines ; though 
foolith empericks and women leaches,do mini- 
fter itagainf the Apoplexie and fuchdifeafes: 
Turnersand Cutlers, if I miftake not the mat- 
ter,do call this wood D udgeon,wherwith they 
make Dudgeon hafted daggers, 

There is alfo a-certaine other kinde hereof, 
growing low,and not aboue halfe a yard high, 
but it {preadeth all abroad < the branches here- 
of are many and very flender: the leaues bee 
round, and ofa light greene. 


@ The Place, eek 
Bu-xus,or the Box tree groweth vpon fundry wafte and barren hils in England, and in diuers gar- 
dens. 
@ The Time, ‘ 
The Box tree groweth greene winter and Sommer : it floureth in Februarie and March, -and the 
aay rt feed istipe in September, 
viak q The N ges. : 
i ij} The Grecians call it wee. in Latine, Buus : inhich Dutch, Buchfsbauin ; in low Dutch, Buys 
Date) Hoom ; in Italian, sof : in Englith,Box tree. ; ; aS 
The leffer may be called ,epenGo: and in Latine,Humi Busus,or Humilis Buxus : in Englifh,dwarf 
Box,or ground Box,and it iscommonly called Dutch Box. 
- || The Temperature and Vertues. ; : 
‘A The leaures of the Box tree are hot,drie,and aftringent,of an euill and lothfome {mell,not vfed in 
" medicine,butonely as I faid before in the defcription. 
: CHAP. 


Lis. 30 Of the Hiftory of Plants. git 


mao Cuar. 71. Ofthe Myrtle Tree. 


G| The Defiription. 


I THe firftand greateft wyrtus isa {mall tree,growing to the height ofa man,hauing ma- 

; ny faire and pliant branches, couered with a browne barke, and fet full of leawes much 
like vnto the Laurell or Bay leafe,but thinner and fmaller,fomewhat refembling the leaues of Peru- 
incle, which being bruifed do yeeld forth a moft fragrant fmell,not much inferiourvntothefmell * 
of Cloues,as all the reft of the kindes do : among thefe leaues come forth fmall white floures, in 
fhapelike the floures of the Cherry tree,but much fmaller,and ofa pleafant fauour,which do turn 
into {mall berries,greene at the firft, and afterwards blacke. 


I CMyrtus Laurea maxima. $ 2 Myrtus Batica latifolia, 
The Myrtle tree. Great Spanifh Myrtle. 


2 There is alfoanother kind of Atyrtus called AMyrtus Batica latifolia, according to Clufius Myr* 
tus Laurea,that hath leaues alfo like Bay leaues, growing by couples vpon his pleafant greene bran“ 
ches, in adouble row on both fides of the ftalkes, of a light greene colour, and fomewhat thicker 
thar the former, in fent and {mell feet : the floures and fruit are not much differing ftom the firft 
kinde. 

3 There is likewife another kinde of Myrtus called Exotica, thatis ftrange and not common: 
it groweth vpright vnto the height ofa man like vntothe laft before mentioned, but that it ts reple~ 
nifhed with greater plenty of leaues which do fold in themfelues hollow and almoft double,broa- 
der pointed,and keeping no order in their egrowing,but one thrutting within anorher,and as it were 
croffiag one another confufedly;in all other points agreeing with the precedent. 

4 There is another fort like vnto the former in floures and branches, but the leaues are fmooth, 
flatand plaine,and not crumpled or folded atall, they are alfo much fmaller than any of the for- 
mer, The fruicis in (hipe like the other, butthat it is ofa white colour, whereas the fruit of the 


other isblacke. . 
5 There is alfo aaather kinleof Myrtle , called Myrtws minor,or noble Myrtle,as being the 
Ccecce 2 chief 


14.12 | Ofthe Hiferie of Plants, L 13.3. 


$ 2 Myrtus exotica. E 4 Myrtus fructu albo, b 
Strange Myrtle. Myrtle with white berries. 


—s 


. 
a : she. 
stant : 


— So 


Ae mam 


ER = : 
oes : 
= E 


¥ 


mewn 
‘ 


ee 
breunen 


i 6 Myrtus Batica fylueftris. 
Wilde Spanifh Myrtle. 


) 


USA 
Zo 


we 


mneecerestns aoencstionssinatie 


Se 


* Lr. 3. ae OF the Hiftory of Plants. 1413 


chiefe ofall the reft (although moft common and beft knowne)and it groweth like a little fhrub or 
hedge bufh,very like vnto the former,but much fmaller : the leaues are fmal and narrow,very much 
in fhapé refembling the leaues of Mafticke Time called warum,but ofa frefher greene colour :the 
floures bewhite, nothing differing from the former fauing in greatnefle, and that fometimes they 
are more double, ; 

+ 6 This growesnot very high,neither is it fo fhrubby as the former: the branches are {mall 
and brittle : the leaues are ofa middle bigneffe, fharpe pointed, ftanding by couples in two rowes 
feldome in foure as the former,they are blackith alfo and wel fmelling. the Houre is like that of the 
reft: the fruit is round,growing vpon long ftalks out of the bofomes of the leaues, firft greene, then 
whitith , laftly blacke,of awiny and pleafant tafte with fomeaftriGion. This growes wilde in di- 
uers places of Portugall, where Clufius found it flouring in October: he calls it Myrtus Batica fil- 


wefiris. £ 


@ The Place. 

Thefe kifdes of Myrtles grow naturally vpon the wooddy hills and fertill fields of Italy and 
Spain. + The two laft are nourifhed in the garden of Miftrefle Zagzy in Weftminfter,and infome 
other gardens. $ 

q| The Time. 


Where they ioy to grow of them{clues they floure when the Rofes do:the fruit is ripe in Autumne: 
in England they neuer beare any fruic. 


q The Names. 


Iris called in Greeke juan in Latine, Myrtus : in the Arabicke tongue, Alas : in Italian, Myrto 
in Spanith, Arrayhan : in the Portingale language,Mwrtaand. A4urtella: other Nations doe almoft 
keepe the Latine name,as in Englifh itis called Myrtle,or Myrtle tree. 

Among the Myztles that which hath the fine little leafe is furnamed of Pliny,Tarentina ; & that 
which is fo thicke and full of leaues is Exotzca, ftrangeor forteine, Nzgva Myrtws is that which hath 
the blacke berries : Candida, which hath the white berries,and the !eaues of this alfo are of a lighter 
greene : Satina,or the tame planted one is cherifhed in gardens and orchards : Sy/we/tras, or the wild 
Myrtle is that which groweth of it felfe ; the berries of this are oftentimes leffer, and of the other, 
greater. Pliny doth alfo fet downe other kindes ; as Patritia,Plebeia,and Coniueals : but what manner 
of ones they are he doth not declare :he alfo placeth among the Myrtles, oxymyrfine,or Knecholm, 
which notwithftanding is none of the Myrtles,buta thornie fhrub. 

Pliny inhis 14. book, 16.chap.faith,that the wine which is made of the wilde Myrtle tree is cal- 
led Myrtidanum , if the capie be true. For Diofcorides and likewife Sotton inhis Geoponikes report, 
that wine is made of Myrtle berries when they be thorow ripe, but this is called Yinum Myrteum,or 
Myrtites,Myrtlewine. 

“Moreouer, there is alfo a wine made of the berries and leaues of Myrtle ftamped and fteeped in 
Muft,or wine new prefled from the grape,which is called, as Diofcorides faith, Myrfinite vinum, OF 
wine of Myrtles. 

The Myrtle tree was in times patt confecrated to Venus. Pliny in his 15. booke,29. chapter,faith 
chus, There was an old Alter belonging to Venus,which they now cal] Alurtia. 


@ The Temperature andVertues. 


© The Myrtle confifteth of contrary fubftances, a cold earthineffebearing the preheminence , it 
hath alfo acertaine fubtill heat, therefore,as Galen faith, it drieth notably. 

The leaues, fruit,buds,and iuice do binde,both outwardly applied and inwardly taken: they fay 
the {pitting ofbloud,and all other iffties thereof : they ftop both the whites and reds in women, if 
they fitina bath made therewith :afterwhich manner and by fomenting alfothey ftay the fuper- 
fluous courfe of the hemorrhoides. 

They arearemedy for laskes,and for the bloudy flix, they quench the fiery heat of the cies, if 
they be laid onwith parched Barly meale. 

They bealfowith good fuccefle outwardly applied to all inflammations newly beginning, and 
alfo to new paine vpon fome fall, ftroke or ftraine. 

They are wholfome foramoift and watery ftomacke :the fruit and leaues dried prouoke vrine: 
for the greene leaues containe in them a ceartaine fuperfluous and hurtfull moifture. 

Itis good with the decoétion herof made'with wine, tobathe lims thatare out of ioint,and bur- 
{tings tharare hard tobe cured, and vicers alfo of the outward parts: ithelpeth fpreading tetters, 
feoureth away the dandrafe and fores of the head, maketh thehaires blacke, and keepeth them 

ae Ccegcer: : from 


—— 


1414 ~ Of the Hiftory of Plants. 3 Lis, ge 


from fhedding,withftandeth drunkenneffe,if it be taken fafting,and preuaileth againft poifon,and 
D> 
the bitings of any venomous beaft. i aut atin) 9 
G __ There is drawne out of the green berrics thereof a iuice,which is dried and teferued for the fore- 
faid vfes. 3 aoe Cine dt aes : 
H_ There is likewife preffed out of the leaues a inice, by adding vnto t mee fi wine Or raine 
: ~ 1 . = e Oe 
water,which mutt be vfed when it is new made,for being once drie it putrifieth, and as Diofeorides 
faith, lofeth his vertues. 


© 


Cuar. 72. Offweet Willowor Gaule, 


Myrtus Brabantica,five Eleagnus Cordi, | The Defcription, 
Gaule, {weet willow,or Dutch Myrtle tree, ; l 
Murenw Gate . Aule is a low and Jittle fthrub or wooddy 
1 4 


plant,hauing many brown & hard bran- 
ches:whereupon doe grow leaues fome- 
what Jong,hard,thicke,and otleous, of an hot 
fauour or {mell fomewhat like Myrtus: among 
the branches come forth other little ones, 
wherupon do grow many {pokie eares or tufts , 
full of {mall floures, and after them fucceed 
great ftore of {quare feeds cluttering together, 
ofa ftrong and bitter tafte. The root is hard, 
and of a wooddie fubftance, 
The Place. 

This Gaulegroweth plentifully in fundry 
places of EngJand,as in the Ile of Ely,& in the 
Fennie countries thereabouts,wherof there is 
fuch ftore in that countrey,that they make fa- 
gots of it and fheaues , which they call Gaule 
fheaues,to burneand heat their onens. Itgrow- 
eth alfo by Colebrooke, and in fundry other 
places. : 

‘ @ The Time, 
Ri The Gaule floureth in May and Tune, and 
the feed is ripe in Auguft. 
| The Names. 

This treeis called of diuers in Latine, Myr- 
tus Brabantica,and Pféudomyr(ine,and Cordus cal- 
leth it Bleagnus, Chamaleagnus, and MyrtusBra= 


; KS bantica, Eleagnus is defcribed b y Theophraftus to 
bea fhrubbie plant like vnto the Chafte tree, witha foftand downie leafe,and with the floure of 
the Poplar trée;and that which we haue defcribed is no {uch plant. It hath noname among the old 
writers for ought we know,vnleffe it be Rhus {ylueffris Pling or Pliny his wilde Sumach, ofwhich hee 
hath written in his 24,.book,11 chap.[ There is, faith he,awilde herbe with fhort ftalkes, which is 
an enemy to poifon,and a killer of mothes.] It is called in low Dutch,®agel sin Englith,Gaule. 
| The Tempergture, 

Gaule or the wilde Myrtle, efpecially the feed, is hot and drie in the third degree : the leaues be 

hotand drie,but not fo much, 


@ The Vertues. 


A The fruit is troublefome to the brain;being put into beere or ailewhilef it is in boiling (which 


many v{e to do)it maketh the fame heady, fit to make a man quickly drunke. 
B  Thewhole fhrub, fruit andall,being laied among clothes,keepeth them from moths and worms, 


C wap, 


I, 
Lis, 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. iqis 


Cuars 73. Of Worts or Wortle berries. 


@ The Kindes. 


‘Accinia, or Worts, of which we treat in this placejdiffer frm Violets, neither are they eftee- 
med for their floures but berries : of thefe Wortgsherefe diuers forts found out by. the later 


Writers. , ae 
1 Vaccinianigra. j 2 Vacciniarubra, 
Blacke Worts or Wortle berries, f Red VVorts or Wortle berries. 
Voter warn ELLA S. ¢ Vonnrnua0 Uates -35S Ago 


= — “ats —= . 
= cera , \ 


q 7. he Defiription. 


I Accinia nigra, thé blacke Wortle or Hurtle, is abafe and low fhrub or wooddy plant, 
bringing forth many branches ofa cubit high, fet full of {mall leaues of a dark greene 
colour, not much valike the leaues of Box or the Myrtle tree: amongft which come 

forth little hollow floures turning into fmall berries, greene at the firft, afterward red, and at the 
laft ofa blacke colour, and full ofa pleafant and {weet iuyce : in which doe lie diuers little thinne 
whitith feeds : thefe berries do colour the month and Jips of thofe that eate them,witha black co- 
Jour : the root is wooddy, flender, and now and then creeping. 

2 Vaccinia rubra, or ved Wortle, is like the former in the manner of growing, but that the 
leaues are greater and harder, almoft like the leaues of the Box tree, abiding greene all the Winter 
long :among which come forth fmall carnation floures, long and round, growing in clufters at the 
top of the branches : afterwhich fucceed finall berries, in fhew and bigneffe like the former, but 
that they are of an excellent red colour, and full of iuyce, of fo orient and beautifull a purple to 
limne withall, that Indian Lacea is not to be compared thereunto, efpecially when this iuyce is 
prepared and dreffed with Allom according to art, as my felfe haue proued by experience : the taf 
is tough and aftringent: the root is ofa wooddy fub/tance. 

3 Vaceimia alba, or the white Wortle, is like vnto the former, both in ftalks and leaues,but the 
berries are ofa white colour, wherein confifteth the difference. 

+ The figure which our Author here giues in the third place hath need of a better defcription, 

Weaiy ; for 


iB 


——— 
+) overs 


~ OF the Hiftory of Plants. Lip. 3. 


1416 


3 Vaccinia alba. 4 Vaccinia Pannonica, fine Vitis Idea. 
Hungarie Wortle berries, 


Thewhite Worts or Wortle berries. 
OM ut “al al fu 
48 


» 


Vi, 


Ne 


——- 
_ 


ae 


t 6 Vitis Tdaa folis fubrotundss maior, 
Great round leaued VVortle berries. 


5 Vaccinia V rf, fine Vua Vrfi apud Cluflum. 
Beare Wortle berries. : 
Ant and. A ow = ASL 


1417 


as Be BA _ Of the Hittorie of Plants. 


for the difference is not onely in the colour of the berries. This differs ffom the former in forme 
and bignefle , for it (ends forth many ftalkes from the root, and thefe three, foure, or fiue cubits 
high, thicke,aiid diuided into fundry branches,couered for the moft part witha blackith barke : at- 
the beginning of the Spring from the buds at the fides ofthe branches it fends forth Ieaues allho- 
rie and hairy vnderneath, and greene aboue: from the midft of thefe; vpon little foor-ftalkes ftand 
cluftering together many little floures, confifting of fiuewhite leaues apiccg without fmell; and 
thenthe leaues by littleand little vnfold them{qjues jad caft off their doyhineffe, and become 
fniptabouttheedges. The fruit that {ueceeds the floureg/is round, blacke, fomewhat like , but 
bigger thana Haw, full of iuyce of a very {weet tafte , wherein lies. ten or more iongith fmooth 
blackith feeds. Itgrowes vpon the Auftrian and Stixian Alps, where thetfruiris ripein Auguft. 
Clufius callsit Vitis Idea 3. Pena and Lobel, Amelancher g Gefner by divers names, as Myrtomalus, Pe. 
tromelis, Pyrus ceruinus, orc. £ 3 . 

4 Carolus Clufius in his Pannonicke Obferuationg hath fet downe another of the Wortle ber- 
ries,vnder the name of Vitis Idea, which differeth from the other Wortlq berries, not onely in fta- 
ture, but in leaues and fruitalfo. + The leaues are long,narrow,fharpe pointed, full of veines,a lic- 
tle hairy, and lightly fnipt about the edges, greener aboue than below : the fruit growes from the 
tops of the branches of the former yeare, hanging vpon long foot-ftalkes, and being as big as lit- 

- tle Cherries, firft greene, then red,and laftly blacke, full ofiuyce,and that of no vnpleafant tafte, 
containing no kernels, but flat white feeds commonly fiueinnumber : the ftalkes are weake, and 
commonly lie vpon the ground : C/ufine found it vpon the Auftrian mountaine Snealben,with the 
fruit partly ripe, and partly voripe, in Auguft. Itis his ita Idea 1. $: 

5 The fame Authoralfo fetteth forth another of the Wortle berries, vnder the title of 7a 
Vrfi, which is likewifea fhrubby plant,hauing many feeble branches, whereon grow long leaues 
bluntat the points, and ofan ouerworn green colour : among which, at the tops ofthe ftalks come 
forth clufters of bottle-like floures of ag ress colour: the fruit followeth, growing likewife in 
clufters, greenat the firft, and blacke whe hey be ripe : the rootis of a wooddy fubftance. + This 
is alwaies greene, and the floures are ofa whitifh purple colour. ¢ 

& + This differs from the fecond, 1 ¢that the leaues are thinner,more full of veines, and whiter 
vnderneath:the floure is like the common kind,whitifh purple,hollow,and diuided into fue parts : 
the fruizalfo is blacke, and like that of the firft’defcribed. This growes on diuers mountainous 
places of Germany,where Clufius odferued it,who made it his Vitis Idea2. $ 

q The Place. A 

Thefe plants profper beft ina lean barren foile,and in vntoiled wooddy places : they are now and 
then found on high hils fubie@ to the winde,and vpon mountaines : they grow plentifully in both 
the Germanies, Bohemia, and indiuers places of France ald Rngland ; namely in Middlefex on 
Hampfted heath, and in the woods thereto adioyning, and alfo vponthe hills in Chefhire called 
Broxen hills, neere Beefton caftle,feuen miles from the Nantwich ; and inthe wood by Highgate 
called Finchley wood, and in diuers other places. 

Thered Wortle berry groweth in Weftmaand ata place called Crosby Rauenfwaith, where 
alfodoth grow the Wortlewith the white berry, and in Lancafhire alfo vpon Pendle hills. 

+ Lhaue feenenone of thefe but only the firft defcribed, growing vpon Hampited heath, The 
white formerly mentioned in the.third defcription,and here againe in the place,{cems only a varie- 
tie of the fecond hauing white berries,as far as I can gather by our Author ; for itis moft certaine, 
that it is not that which he figured, and I haue defcribed in the third place. + 

q The Time. 
The Wortle berries do floure in May, and their fruit is ripe in Tune, 
q The Names. 

VVortle berries is called in high- Dutch, pepdelbeeretss in low-Dutch, Crakebefier, becaufe 
they make a certaine cracke whileft they be broken betweene the teeth: of diners, Panevbefien ¢ 
the French men, c4irelle, or Aurelle, as Iohannes de Choul writeth: and we in England, V Vorts, 
VVhortle berries, Blacke-berries, Bill berries,and Bull-betries,and in fome places, V Vin-berries, 

Mott of the thops of Germany do call them Myrtillz, but properly cmyrtili are the fruit of the 
Myrtle tree, as the Apothecaries name themat thisday, This plant hath no name forought wee 
can learne, either among the Greekes or antient Latines ; for whereas moft doe'take itto be Vitis 
Idva,or the Corinth tree, which Piiay fyrnameth -4lexandrina,it is vatrue 5 for Vitis Idea is not ons 
ly like to the common Vine, but is alfoa kinde of Vine: and Theophraftus,who hath made mention 
hereof doth call itwithout an Epethete, ‘sume, fimply, asa little afterwe wil declare ; which with- 
out dorbt hewould not haue done ifhe had found it to differ from the common Vine: For what 
things foeuerreceiue a name of fome plant, the fainc are exprefied with fome Epethit added tobe 
known to differ from others-as Laurus Alexandrina,V itis alba,V itis nigra,V itis /ylueftres,and {uch like. 

Moreoucr, thofe things which haue borrowed aname from.-fome plant-are like thereunto,if not 
wholly, 


1418 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lin.3. 


wholly, yet either in leafe or fruit, or in fome other thing. Vitis alba c nigra, that is, the white and 
blacke Bryonies, haue leaues and clafping tendrels as hath the common Vine,and clyme alfo aftet 
the fame manner : itis (ylueftris, or the wilde Vine,hath fuch like ftalks as the Vine hath,and brin- 
geth forth fruit like tothe little Grapes. Laurus Alexandrina, and Chamedaphne, and alfo Daphnoi- 
aes, are like in leaues to the Laurell tree : Sycomorus is like in fruit to the Fig tree, and in leaues to 
the Mulberry tree: Chamadrys hath the leafe of an Oke , Pewcedanus of the Pine tree : fo of others 
which haue taken thei names from fome other : but this low fhrub is not like the Vine either in 
any part, or in any other thing. : 

This Vite Idea groweth not on the vppermoft and fhowie parts of mount Ida (as fome would 
haue it, but about Ida, even the hill Ida, not of Candy, but of Troas in the Jeffer Afia,which Pro- 
lomie inhis fifth booke of Geog:aphie, chaps. 3. doth call Alexandri Troas,or Alexander his Troy : 
whereupon it is alfo aduifedly named of Pliny, 46.14. cap.3. Vites 4 lexandrina, no otherwife than 
Alexandrina Laurus isfaid of Theophraftus to grow there : Laurus, fyrnamed Alexandrina,and Ficus 
quaedam, ora certaine Fig tree, and *samas, that 1s to fay the Vine, are reported, faith he,to grow pro- 
perly about Ida. Like vnto this Vine are thofe which Philoftratus in the life of Apollonins reporteth 
to grow in Mwonia, and Lydia, fcituated not far from Troy, comparing them to thofe vines which 
grow in India beyond Caucafus 21 he Vines there, faith he, be very fmall, like as be thofe that do 
grow in Mzonia and Lydia, yet isthe wine which is preffed out of them of a maruellous pleafant 
tafte. 

This Vine which growes neere to mount Ida is reported to be likea fhrub, with little twigs and 
branches of the length of a cubit, about which are grapes growing aflope, blacke, of the bignes of 
a beane, fweet, hauing within a certaine winie fubftance, foft : the leafe of this is round, vncut,and 
little. 

This is defcribed by Plizy,lb. 14, cap.2.almoft in the felfe fame words : It is called faith he, 4- 
lexandrinavitis, and groweth neere vnto Phalacra :it is fhort,with branches cubit long, with a 
blacke grape of the bignes of the Latines Beane, with a foft pulpe and very little, with yery feet 
elufters growing aflope,and a little round leafe without cuts. 

And with this defcription the little fhrub which the Apothecaries of Germany do call Myrtil- 
dus doth nothing at all agree,as it is very manifeft ; for tt is low,f{carce a cubit high,with a few fhort 
branches not growing toa cubit in length: it doth not bring forth clufters or bunches,nor yet fruit 
like wnto grapes, but berries like thofe of the Yew tree, rior fweet, but fomewhat foure and aftrin- 
gent, inwhichalfothere are many little white flat feeds: the leafe is not round,but more long 
thanround, not like tothat ofthe Vine, but of the Box tree, Moreouer, it is thought that this is 
not found in Italy, Greece, or in the leffer A fia, for that Matthiolus affirmeth the fame to grow no 
where but in Germanie and Bohemia; fo far is it from being called or accounted to be Vitis Idea 
or Alexandrina, 

The fruit of this may be thought not without caufe to be named Vaccinia, fith they are berries ; 
for they may be termed of Bacce, berries, Vaccinia, as though they fhould be called Baccivia, Yet 
this letteth not that there may be alfo other Vaccigta’s : for Vaccinia is wrvten dictio,ora word of di- 
uers fignifications. Virgil in the firft booke of his Bucolicks, Eclog.ro. affirmeth,that the written 
Hyacinth is named of the Latines, Vaccinium, tranflating into Latine Theocritus his verfe which is 
taken out of his tenth Bidyl. 


Kat ao toy paidew est xj czgume ofdxardces 
EP ETE. 
Virgil ; 


Et nigre Viole, unt er Vaccinia nigra. 


Vitruvius, lib.7. ot his Architecture doth alfo diftinguith Vaccizium from the Violet,and thew- 
eth that of itis made a gallant purple ; which feeing that the written Hyacinth cannot do,it muft 
needs be that this Yacc/mmm is another thing than the Hyacinth is,becaufe it ferues to giue a pur- 
ple dye. 

Pliny alfo, lib.16.cap.18. hath made mention of /accinia which are vfed to dyebond-flaues gar- 
ments with,and to giue them a purple colour. 

But whether thefe be our Vaccimza or Whortle berries it is hard to affirme,efpecially feeing that 
Pliny reckoneth vp Vaccinia among ft thofe plants which grow in waterie places ; but ours grow on 
high places vpon mountaines fubie@ to windes, neither is it certainly knowne to grow in Italy. 
Howfoeuer it is, thefe our Whortles may be called Vaccinia,and do agree with Plimes and Vitru- 
vius his Vaccinia, becaufe garments and linnen cloath may take from thefe a purple die. 

The red Whortle berries haue their name from the blacke Whaortles, to which they be in form 
very like, and are called in Latine , accinia rubra : in high-Dutch , Rooter PetDdelbeere ¢ in 
low-Dutch, 8o0d¢ Crakebetien : the French men, c4wrelles Rouges : they be named in Englith 
Red, 


2 Lip.3. - Of the Hiftory of Plants, gio 


" Red Worts,or red Wortle berries. Conradus Gefnerus hath called this plant Vitis Idea ruby w acinics 
but the growing of the berries doth thew, that this doth farre leffe agree with Vit Ide1,than the 
blacke ; for they do not hang vpon the fides of the branches as do the black (which deceiued them 
that thought it to be V1 Idea) but from the tops of the fprigs in clufters. 

Aisconcerning the names of the other they are touched in their feuerall deferiptions, 

The Temperature. 

Thefe Vacciniaor Wortle berries are cold euen inthe later end of the fecond degree, and dry al- 
fo, witha manifeft aftriction or binding qualitie. 

Red Wortleberries are cold and dry, andalfo binding, 

q) TheVeriues. 

The iuyce of the blacke Wortle berries is boyled'till it become thicke, and is prepared or kept’ 
by adding hony and fugar vnto it :the Apothecaries call it x0b,which is preferred in all things be- 
fore the raw berries themfelues ; for many times whileft they be eaten or taken raw they are offen- 
fiue toa weakeand cold ftomacke, and fo far are they from binding the belly, or ftaying the laske, 
as that they alfo trouble the fame through their cold and raw qualitie, which'thing the boiled 
iuycecalled Rob doth not any whit atall, : 

They be good for anhor {tomacke, they quench thirft, they mitigate and allay the heate of hot 
burning agues, they ftop che belly, ftay vomiting, cure the bloudy flix proceeding of choler,and 
helpe the felonie,or the purging of choler vpwards and downwards. 

The people of Chefhire do eate the blackewortles increame and milke,as in thefe South parts 
we eate Strawberries,which ftop and binde'the belly, putting away alfo the defire tovomit. 

The red Wortle is not of fucha pleafant tafteas the blacke, and therefore not fo much vied to 
be eaten ; but (as I faid before) they make the faireft carnation colour in the world. 


Crap; 74. 
Of the Mearifh Worts or Fenne-Berries. 


PV acciniapaluftria, G The Defcription, 
Marifh Worts. : } t 
Voto» CU tocuwd. He Marith Vortle berries grow vpon the, 


bogs inmarith or moorith grounds, cree- 
ping thereupon like vnto wilde Time, hauing 
many fal! limmer and tender ftalkes layd al- 
moft flat vpon the ground, befet with {mal nar- 
row leaues fafhioned almoft like the leaues of 
Thyme, but feffer: among which come forth 
little berries like vnto the common blacke 
Wortle berrie in fhape, but fomewhat longer, 
fometimes all red, and fometimes {potted or 
fpecked with red. fpots of a deeper colour in 
tafte rough and aftringent, 


: q The Place. 
\ The Marith Wortle growes vpon bogs and 
fuch like waterih and fenny places,efpecially 
in Chefhire and Stafford {hire , where I haue 
found it in great plenty. 


. G TheTime. 

The Berries are tipe about the end of Iuly, and in Auguft. 

q The Names, 

They are called in high-Dutch, MPolsbeerers, Ueenbelters ¢ that isto fay, Fen-Grapes, or Fen- 
Berries,and Marifh-worts, or Mari(h-Berries. Valerius Cordus nameth them Oxycoccon : wee haue 
called them /’acciniapaluftria,or Marith Wortle berries,of the likenefle they haue to the other ber= 
ries : fome alfo call them Moffe-Berries, or Moore-berries. 

@ The Temperature. 


Thefe Wortle berries are cold and dry,hauing withalla certain thinneffe of parts and {ub ftanee, 
witha certaine binding qualitic adioyned, 


«| The 


A 


B 


Cc 


\ 


eeaeeememee 


rc - 
* Lis.3. 


1420 Of the Hiftory of Plants: 


q] The Vertucs. 
(A They take away the heate of burning agues,and alfo the drought, they quench the furious heate 
of choler, they ftay vomiting, reftore an appetite to meate which was loft by reafonof cholericke 
and corrupt humors, and are good againft the peftilent difeafes, 
B Theiuice of thefealfo is boyled rill it be thicke,with fugar added that it may be kept, which is 
good for all things that the berries are,yea and far better, 


ff  Thaue brought this Chapter and the next following from the place they formerly held, and {eated them here amongft the reft of their kindred, 


ees 


a! ———— ; ras , 
Hf Ht ~ 
aii i, Cuar. 75. Of (loud-berry, 
\}) ae af 
Hits i Vaccinia Nubis. @| The Defiription. 
beh €loud-berries. 
baste He Clond-berrie hath many fmall 
Ve ee P threddy roots, creeping farre abroad. 
' Ce Rak ' mder the vpper cruft of the earth 
ae Wy A vnder pper cruft c earth, 
H i ENN \(Z and alfo the moffe,like vnto Couch-graffe, 
44 SY ofan ouerworn reddifh colour, fet here and. 
ah FN there with fmal tufts of hairy {trings: from 
. if which rife vp two fmall ftalks,bard, rough, 
3 and ofa wooddy fubftance (neuer more nor 
ify lefle) on which doe ftand the leaues like 
1 thofe of the wilde Mallow, and of the fame 
' colour, full of-fmall nerues or finewes run- 
ning in each part of the fame : between the 


leaues commeth vp a ftalke likewife of 2 
wooddy fubflance, whercon doth grow a 
_ finall floure confitting of fiue leaues, of an 
: ' herby or yellow ‘th green colour like thofe 
of thewilde Auens. After commeth the fruit, greene at the firft, after yellow, and the fides next 
the Sun red when they be ripe ; in forme almoft like vnto a little heart, made as it were of two, but 
is no more but one, open aboue,and clofed together in the bottom,of a harfh or fharpe tafte,where, 
in is contained three or foure little white feeds. 
@ The Place. 
This plant groweth naturally vpon the tops of two high mountaines(among the moffie places) 
: one in Yorkfhire called Ingleborough, the other in Lancafhire called Pend!e, two of the higheft 
mountaines inal! England, where the clouds are lower than the tops of the fameall Winter long, 
whereupon the people of the countrey haue called them Cloud-berries, found there by a curious 
gentleman in the knowledge of plants, called M'. Hesketh, often remembred. 
© The Time, 
The leaues {pring vp in May, at which time it floureth: the fruit is ripe in Iuly. 
@| The Temperature, 
mi i The fruit is coldand dry, and very aftringent. 
q The Vertues, 


ret 


A __ The fruit quencheth thirft, cooleth the ftomacke, andallayeth inflammations,being eaten as 
Worts are, or the deco ion made and drunke. 
d ti { t Myfriend M. Pimble of Maribone receined a plant hereof out ofLancafhite: and by the fhape of the lea'€I could not iudge it to differ from the Chamamorne 
} j \ formerly deleribed,pae.4273.ncither doethe deferiptions much differ in any material! point : the figures differmore 3 bur I iudge thisa very imperfed one. 
{ 
i Pry 
i it : i : ii —— ~ sat a SEE =. =e 


> 


Cuar. 76. Of fhrub Heart-Wort of Athiopia. 
@ The Defiription. 


His kind of Scfely,being the Athiopian Sefely,hath blackith ftalks ofa wooddy fubftance: 
this plant diuideth it felfe into fundry other armes or branches, which are befet with thicke 
fat and oileous leaues, fafhioned fomewhat.like the Wood-binde leaues, but thicker, and 

A Rea: aera more 


Liz 3 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 142i 


Sefeli Aathiopicum frutex. more gummie, approching: very neere vnto 
Shrub Sefely,or Hart-woort of Ethiopia, the leaues of Oleander both in fhape and fub- 
% ptt Laticopume — ftance,being of a deepe or darke green colour, 

0) and ofa very good fauour and {mell, and con- 


tinueth greene in my garden both winter and 
Sommer,like the Bay or Laurell. The fioures 
do grow at the tops of the branches in yellow 
rundles like the floures of Dill ; which being 
patt, there fucceedeth a darke or duskie feed 
refembling the feed of Fennell,and ofa bitter 
tafte. The root is thicke and of a wooddy 
fubftance, 
q The Place, 


It is found both.in ftony places,and on the 
fea coafts not farre from Marfilles, and like- 
wife in other places of Languedocke: it alfo 
groweth in Ethiopia, in the darke and defart 
woods : it groweth in my garden, 


@ The Time. 


It flouritheth, floureth and feedeth in Iuly 
and Auguft. 

@| The Names. 

The Grecians call it Aisumdrovex: the La- 
tines likewife -#thiopicum Sefeli : the Agyp- 
tians,weee gee that is, Dogs horrour: in Eng- 
lifh, Sefely of Erhiopia, or Ethiopian Hart- 
woort. 


: @| The Temperatureand Vertues, ; 
Sefely of Ethiopia is thought to hauethe fame faculties that the Sefely of Marfilles hath, 
whereunto I refer it. 


Cuar.77. Of the Elder tree. 


q The Kindes. 


Here be diuers forts of Elders, fome of the Jand,and fome of thewater or marith grounds; 
fome with very jagged Ieaues, and others with double floures, as fhall be declared. 


G The Defcription, 


I Hecommon Elder groweth vp now and then tothe bignefle of a meane tree, cafting 
his boughes all about, and oftentimes remaineth a fhrub:the body is almoft all wood- 
die, hauing very little pith within; but the boughes and efpectally the young ones 

which be iointed, are tull of pith within,and haue but little wood without : thebarke of the body 
and great armes is rugged and full of chinks, and of an il! fauoured wan colour like afhes : that of 
the boughes is not very {mooth,but in colouralmoft likesand that is the outward barke, for there 
is another vnder it neerer tothe wood, of colour greene + the fubftance of the wood is found, fome- 
what yellow, and that may be eafily cleft: the leaues confift of fiue or fix particular ones faftened 
-toone rib, like thofe of the Walnut tree,but euery particular one is leffer,nicked in the edges,and 
ofaranke and ftinking {mell. The floures grow on {pokie rundles,which be thin and {cattered,of 
a white colour and fweet fmell :after them grow vp little berries, greene at the firft, afterwards 
blacke, whereout is preffed a purple juice, which being boiled with Allomand fuch like things, 
doth ferue very well for the Painters vfe, as alfo. to colour vineger: the feeds in thefe area little 
flat, and fomewhat long. There groweth oftentimes vpon the bodies of thofe old trees or fhrubs 
a certaine excrefcence called W4uricula Inde, or lewes eare, which is foft, blackifh, couered 
with a skin, fomewhat like now and then toa mans eare, which being plucked off and dryed, | 
Dakd. ddan = x7 rie fhrinketh 


1422 Of the Hittory of Plants, Lis. 3. 


“{hrinketh cogether and becommeth hard. This Elder groweth euery where, and is the common 
Elder. 
2 There is another alfowhich is rare and ftrange, for the berries of it are not blacke,but white : 
this is like in leaues to the former. 


1 Sambucus. £ 2 Sambucus frucu albo, 
The common Elder tree. Elder with white berries. 
ry) “ yi { 4 /, AP? > 
S alee rt We “ibe o, & Owrn§ wks Say Nan. A. 


U 


1 { 3 The jagged Elder tree groweth like the common Elder in body, branches, fhootes, pith, 
gay | floures, fruit,and ftinking {mell, and differeth onely in the fafhionof the leaues, which doth fo 
i much difguifethe tree, and put it out of knowledge, that no manwould take it for akinde of E]- 

' der, vntill he hath {melt thereunto, which will quickely fhew from whence he is defcended : for 

: . i thefe ftrange Elder leaues are very much jagged, rent or cut euen vnto the middlerib. From the 

Pay } trunke of this treeas from others of the fame kinde, proceedeth a certaine flefhie excrefcence like 

I vnto the eare of a man, efpecially from thofe trees thatare very old. 

i | 4 This kinde of Elder hath floures which are white, bur the berries redde, and both are not 

of i contained in fpokie rundles, but in clufters , and grow after the manner ofa clufter of grapes:in 
HAtat leaues and other things it refembleth the common Elder, faue that now and then it groweth 

| higher. 4 

8) ee efi hme q] The Place. 

i ‘Thecommon Elder groweth every where: it is planted about conie-burrowes for the fhadow 

{ |! of the Conies, but that with the white berries is rare: the other kindes grow in like places ; but 

Ei bia Ad that with the cluftered fruit groweth vpon fhountaines ; thatwith the jagged leaues groweth in 

i i af : bi bl my garden. 


s 0; qq The Time, 
| i iy! Thefe kindes of Elders do floure in Aprill and May, and their fruit is ripe in September, 
j ie q The Names. 

ite This tree is called in Greeke, “«m : in Laine and ofthe Apothecaries, Sambucus : of Guillielmus 
Salicetus, BeXa : inhigh Durch, Polunder, Holder ¢ in low Dutch, Wier: in Italian, Sambuco » in 
French, Hs and Swix: in Spanith, Sauco,Sauch, Sambugueyro: in Englifh, Elder,and Elder tree : 
that with thewhite berries diuers would haue tobe calied Sambucus fylueftris, or wilde Elder,but 
Matthiolws calleth it Mortana,or mountaine Elder. 


g The 


ex Se Ce 


3 Sambucus laciniatis folijs, 4 Sambueus.racemofa, vel Ceruina, 
5 The tagged Elder tree. Harts Elder, or Clufter Elder; 
ons “ultir4 at { 


"| The Temperature and Vertues. 


Galen attributeth the like facultie to Elder that he doth to Danewoort, and faith that itis of a AV 
drying qualitie, gluing, and moderatly digefting : and it hath not only thefe faculties, but others 
alfo ; tor the barke, leaues, firft buds, floures, and fruit of Elder,do not only dry,but alfo heate,and 
haue withall a purging qualitic, butnot without trouble and hurt to the ftomacke, ; 

The leaues and tender crops of common Elder taken in fome broth or pottage open thebelly, B 
purging both flimie flegme and cholericke humors: the middle barke is of the fame nature, but 
fironger, and purgeth the faid humors more violently. 

The feeds contained within the berties dried are good for {uch as haue the dropfie, and fuch as © 
are too fat, and would faine be leaner,if they be takenina morning to the quantity ofa dram with 
wine fora certaine {pace. 

The leaues of Elder bouled in water vntill they be very foft, and when they arealmoft boiled ¢- D 
nougha little oile of fweet Almonds added thereto, ora little Linefeed oile ; then taken forth and 
laid vpon a red cloath, ora piece of {carlet, and applied to the hemorthoides or Pilesas hot as can 
be fuffered, and {0 let toremaine vpon the part affeGted, vntill it be fomewhat cold,hauing the like 
ina readineffe, applying one after another vpon the difeafed part,by the fpace of an houre or more, 

| and inthe end fome bound to the place, and the patient put warmea bed ; it hath not as yet failed 
| at the firft dreffing to cure the faid difeafe ; but ifthe Patient be dreffed twice it muft needs doe 
good ifthe firft faile. 

The greene leaves pouned with Deeres fuet or Bulls tallow are good to be laid tohor {wellings E 

and tumors, and doth afliwage the paine ofthe gout. 
The inner and greene barkedoth more forcibly purge : it draweth forth choler andwaterichu- FE 
_ mors ; for which caufe it is good for thofe that haue the dropfie, being ftamped, and the liquor 
_ preffed out and drunke with wine or whay. 
| Of like operation are alfo the frefh floures mixed with fome kinde of meat, as fried with egges, G 
they likewife trouble the belly and moue tothe ftoole : being dried they lofeas well their purging 
_ qualitie as their moifture,and retaine the digefting and attenuating qualitie. 
Dddddd a ; Rm 


The 
% 


ae te yy re 


state 


1424 Of the Hiftory of Plants; Liz. 3. 


The vinegat in which the dried floures are fteeped are wholfome for the ftomacke : being vied 
with meatc it ftirreth vp anppetite, it cutteth and attenuateth or maketh thin groffe and raw hu- 
mors. 

he facultie of the feed is fomewhat gentler than that of the other parts: it alfo'moueth the 
belly, and draweth forth watcric humors,being beaten to pouder,and giuen toa dram weight: be- 
ing new gathered, {teeped in vineger, and afterwards dried, itis taken, and that effectually, in the 
like weight of the dtied lees of wine, and with a few Anife feeds, for fo it worketh without any ma. 
ner of trouble, and helpeth thofe that haue the dropfie, Bur itmuft begiuen for certaine daies to- 
gether ina little wine, to thofe that haue need thereof, ; 

The gelly of the Elder, otherwife called Tewes eare, hath a binding and drying qualitie : the in- 
fufion thereof in which it hath bin fteeped a few houres,taketh away inflammations of the mouth, 
and almonds of the throat in the beginning,if che mouth and throat be wafhed therewith,and doth 
in like mannet helpe the uvula. 

Diofcorides faith, that the tendet and greche leaues of the Elder tree,with barley meale parched, 
do remoue hot {wellings, and are good for thofe that are burnt or fcalded,and for fuchas be bitten 
with a mad dog, and that they glew and heale vp hollow vicers. ’ 

The pith of the young boughes is with out qualitie: This being dried, and fomewhat prefled or 
quafhed together, 1s good to lay @pGn the narrow orifices or holes of fiftula’s and iffues,if it be put 
therein. 


Cuar. 78. Of Marifh or Water Elder. 


1 Sambucus aquatilts, fine paluftris. 2 Sambucus Rofea. 


Marith or water Elder. TheRofeElder, 9 _, , 
burnin Uf ulus , Ni UnanAnrrtn. 6p uli_di. Vous 


G The Defiription, 


; h Arith Elder isnor like to the common Elder in leaues, but in boughes: it groweth 
i -atter the manner of a little tree: the boughes are couered with a barke of an ill fa- 
uoured Afh colour , as be thofeof the common Elder : they are fet with ioints by 

sa Ege ie ait certaine 


eam 


Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. Sans 


certaine diftances,and haue in them great plenty of white pith, therefore they haue leffe wood, 
which is white and brittle: the leaues be broad, cornered, like almoft to Vine leaues, bur leffer and 
fofter:among which come forth {poked rundles which bring forth little floures, the vttermoft 


whereof along {t the borders be greater, ofa gallant white colour, euery little one confi {ting of flue , 


Jeaues-: the orhet inthe midftand within the borders be {maller, and it floures by degrees,and the 
whole tuft is ofa moft feet fmell : after which come the fruit or berries, that are round like thofe 
ofthe common Elder, but greater,andofa fhining red colour, and blacke when they be withered. 

2 Sambucus Rofea,or the Elder Rofe groweth like an hedge tree, hauing many knotty branches 
or fhoots comming from the root, full of pith like the common Elder ; the leaues are like the vine 
leaues , among which come forth goodly floures of a white colour, fprinkled and dathed here and 
therewith a light and thin Carnation colour, and do grow thicke and clofely compaé& together, in 
quantitie and bulke ofa mans hand, or rather bigger, of great beauty,and fauoring like the floures 
of the Haw-thorne : but inmy garden there groweth not any fruit vponthis tree, norin any other 
place, for ought that I can vnderftand. 

3. Thiskindeis likewife an hedge tree, very like vnto the former in ftalks and branches,which 
are iointed-and knotted by diftances, and it is full of white pith : the leaues be likewife cornered : 
the floures hereof grow not out of fpoky rundles, but ftand ina round rhicke and globed tuft, in 
bignefle alfo and fafhion like to the former, fauing that they tend to a deeper purple colour,wher- 
in only the difference contifts. 

@ The Place, ; 

Sambucus paluftris, the water Elder,growes by running ftreames and water courfes,and in hedges 
by moift ditch fides. : 

The Rofe Elder groweth in Gardens, and the floures are there doubled by Art,as it is fup- 
pofed. . ; : 

. q The Time, 

Thefe kindes of Elders do floute in Aprilland May,and the fruit of the water Elder is Tipe in 
September. 
j @ The Names. 

The water Eldet'is called in Latine, Sambucus aquatica, and Sambucus paluftris sit is called Opu- 
dus, and Platanus, and alfo Chamaplatanus, ox the dwarfe Plane tree,but not properly : Valerius Cordus 
maketh it to beLyco/faphylos : the Saxons, faith Gefner, docallit Kua Lupina; from-whence Cordus 
inuented the nane Acusoupu ee : itis named in high-Dutch, malt holder, and Hirich holder: in low 


Dutch, Swwelekers, and Siwelckenhout sof certaine French men, Obiere : in Englith,Marifh El- 


der, and Whitten tree, Ople tree,and dwarfe Plane tree. 
The Rofe Elder is called in Latine, Sambucus Rofea,and Sambucus aquatica, being doubtle$a kind 
ofthe formerwater Elder, the floures being doubled by art, as wehaye {aid : it is called in Dutch fs 


oD 


heldeviche Weole : in Englith, Gelders Rofe,and Rofe Elder. 
@|_The Temperature and V ertues. 
Concerning he faculties of thefe Elders, and the berries of the Water Elder, there is nothing 
found in any writer, neither canwe fet downeany thing hereofofour owne knowledge. 


ee eats =< = oe uss. 


Car. 79. 
Of Dane-Wort, Wall-Wort, or Dwarfe Elder. 


@] The Defcription. 


Ane-wort,!s it is nota fhrub, neither is italtogether an herby plant, but as it werea Plant 
participating of both, being doubtles one of the Elders, as may appeare both by the leaues, 
floures, ard fruit, as alfo by the {mell and tafte. 

- Wall-wort isvery like vnto Elder in leaues, fpoky tufts, and fruit, but it hath not awooddie 
ftalke; it bringe forth only greene ftalks, which wither away in Winter: thefe are edged, and 
fullof ioynts, lile to the yong branches and fhoots of Elder : the leaues grow by couples,with di- 
ftances, wide; anl confift ofmany fimall leaues which ftand vpona thicke ribbed ftalke, of which 
euery one is long broad, and cut in the edges like a faw, wider and greater than the leaues of the 
common Elder tec: at the top of the ftalkes there grow tufts of white floures tipt with red , with 
five little chiuesin them pointed with blacke,which turne into blacke berries like the Elder,in the 
which be little Ing feed :the root is tough, and ofa good.and reafonable length, better for Phy- 
ficks vfe than thcdleaues of Elder, Y 

Dddddd 3 q Tle 


. 


a IR ARTI gn en ee ee 


—— 


1426 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.3 


B 


Cc 


D 
E 


E 


G 


Ebulus, fine packet panes q The Place. 
ane-wort, or dwarfe Elder. 
Rae wd oy Lins . Dane-wort growes in vntoiled places neere 
; common waies, and in the borders of fields ; 
it groweth plentifully inthe lane at Kilburne 
Abbey, by London: alfoin a field by S. Ioans 
neere Dartford in Kent: and alfo in the high- 
way at old Branford townes end next London, 
and in many other places, 
The Time. 

The floures are perfeG&ed in Sommer , and 

the berries in Autumne. 4 
@ The Names, 

It isnamed in Greeke, sense, thatis, Aya 
wmilts Sambucus, or low Elder: it is called in 
Latine, Ebalus, and Ebulum : in high-Dutch, 
Alttich in low-Dutch, Padichs in Iralian,z- 
bilo : in French, Hieble : in Spanifh,Yezgos : in 
Englith, Wall-wort, Dane-wort, and dwarfe 
Elder, 


q The Temperature, ; 

Wall-wort is of temperature hot and drie 
inthe third degree, and of a fingular qualitie, 
which Galen dowh attribute vnto it, to waft and 
confume ; andalfo it hath a ftrange and {peci- 
all facultie to purge by the ftoole:the roots be 
of greateft force, the leaues haue the chiefeft 
ftrength to digeftandconfumt. ~ 

The Vertues. 

The roots of Wall-wort boiled in wine and 
drunken are good againft the drop fie, for they 
purge downwards watery humors, 

The leaties do confume and wafte away hard fwellings if they beapplied pultil-wife,or in a fo- 
mentation or bath. 

Diofcorides faith, that the roots of Wall-wort doe foften and open the matrix,and alfo corre& 
the infirmities thereof, ifthey be boiled for abath to fitin ; and diffolue the fwelings and paines 
of the belly. 

The iuice of the root of Dane-wort doth make the haire blacke. 

The yong and tender leafe quencheth hot inflammations, being applied with Barly meale: it 
is with good fucceffe laid vpon burnings, fealdings, and vpon the bitings of mad dogs and with 
Bulls tallow or Goats fuet it is a remedie for the gout. 

The feed of Wall-wortdrunke in the quantitic ofa dram is the moft excellen; purger of wate- 
rie humors in theworld, and therefore moft fingular againtt the dropfie. 

Ifone fcruple of the feed be bruifed and taken with fyrrup of Rofes and a littl Secke,it cureth 
the saa and eafeth the gout, mightily purging downwards waterifh humors, .eing once taken 
in the weeke. 


Cuars 80. Of Beane Treforle. 


@ The Defcription. 


a PP He firlt kinde of Anagyris or Laburnum groweth like vntoa {mall tre, garnifhed with 
many fimall branches like the fhoots of Oziars, fet full of pale greeie leaues,alwaies 
j three together, like the Lotus or medow Trefoile, or rather like the liaues of Vitex, or 
the Gyrif# buth :among which come forth many tufts of floures of a yellow coltur, not much vn- 
like the floures of Broome : when thefe floures be gone there fucceed {mall flat rods, wherein are 
contained feeds like Galega or the Cytifus buth :thewhole plant hath little ono fauour at all: 
the root is foft and gentle, yet ofa wooddy fybftance, 
5 2 Stinking 


ies IB. 3s Of the Hiftory of Plants. 27 


2 Stinking Trefoile isa fhrub like to alittle tree,tifing vp tothe height of fix or eight cubits 
or fometimes higher : ie fendeth forth of the ftalks very many flender branches ; the barke whereof 
is ofa deep greene colour : the lcaues ftand alwaies three together, like thofe of Lotws or medow 
Trefoile,yet of a‘lightergreene on the vpper fide : the floures be long,as yellow as gold,very like to 
thofe of Broome, two ot three alfo ioined together:after them come vp broad cods, wherein do lie 
hard fruit like Kidney Beanes,butleffer,at the firft white,afterwards tending toa purple, and laft 
of all ofablackith blew:the leaues and floures hereof hauea filthy fmell,like thofe of the ftinking 
Gladdon,and fo ranke withall,as euen the paflers by are annoied therewith, P 


I ‘Anagyris, 
Beane Trefoile. 


2 Anacyris fetida, 
Stinking Beane Trefoile, 


£. Of Anagyris there are foure kindes,twowith ftinking leaues;the one with longith leaues,the 
other with rounder. 

Two other whofe leauesdo not ftinke ; the oneof thefehath fometimes foure or fiue leaues on 
one ftalke,and the leaues are long and large. The other hath them leffer and narrower, ¢ ; 


@ The Place, 
Thefe grow of themfelues in moft places of Languedocke and Spaine, and in other countries 
alfoby high waies fides,as in the Ifle of Candy,as Bellomins writeth: the firft I haue in my garden; 
the other isa ftranger in England, + Mafter Tradsfcant hath two forts hereof in his garden, $ 


@ The Time, 
They floure in Tune, and the {eed is ripe in September, 


q The Names. 

The Beane Trefoile is called inGrecke way/¢ which name remaineth vncorruptin Candy euen 
cothis day : in Latinealfo Amagyrés,and Laburnum : of the people of Anagni in Italy named E¢elo, 
which is referred vnto Laburnum of which Pliny writeth in his 16.booke, 18. chapter. In Englith, 
Beane Trefoile, or the Peafcod tree. 

The Temperature. 

Beane Trefoile,as Galen writeth,hath a hot and digefting faculty. ae 

; Th 


= eee - 
saan hE RSE A RIN a 


4 428 


Of the Hiftory of Plants: 


q The Vertues. 


Lis. * 


A The tender leaues,{aith Diofcorides,being ftamped and layed vpon cold fwellings,do wafte away 


pe drunke with Cute in the weight of a dram againft the-tufling of the lungs, and doe 
bring downe the menfes,the birth, and the afterbirth, , 

They cure the head-ache being drunke with wine ; the iuice of the root digefteth and ripeneth, 
if the feed be eaten it procureth vomite, which thing, as Matthiolus writeth,the feed not onely of 
ftinking Beane Trefoile doth effec, but that alfo of the other likewife. 


Cuar. 81. Of ludas Tree, 


Arbor luda, 
Iudas Tree, , 


@ TheD efcription. 


Vdas tree is likewife one of the hedga 

plants,: it groweth vp vntoa tree of a reafo- 

nable bignefle, couered with a dark colou- 
red barke, whereon doe grow many twiggie 
tough branches of a brown colour, garnifhed, 
with round leaues, like thofe of round Birth- 
woort,or Sowbread,bur harder, and ofa dee- 
per greene colour : among which come forth 
{mall floures like thofe of Peafon,ofa purple. 
colour,mixed with red, which turn into long 
flat cods,preffed hard together, ofa tawny or 
wancolour, wherein is contained fmall flat 
feeds, like the Lentil], orrather like the feed, 
of Medica, fafhioned like a little kidney: the 
root 1s great and wooddie. 

The Place. 4 

This fhrub is found in diuers prouinces of 
Spaine, in hedges,and among briers & bram- 
bles: the mountaines of Italy, and the fields 
of Languedocke are not without this fhrub; 
it groweth in my garden. é 

@ The Time. 

The floures come forth in the Spring, and 
before the leaues : the fruit or cods be Tipe in 
Sommer. 

q The Names. 

It is commonly named in Latine Arbor Iy2 
de : fome haue called it Sycomorus, or Syco- 
more tree, and that becaufe the floures and cods hang downe from the bigger branches : but the 
right Sycomore tree is like the Fig-tree in fruit,& in leaues to the Mulberrie tree wherupon itisfo 
named. Others take it to be upc: of which Theophrafius writeth thus,Ceress bringeth forth fruirina 
cod ; which words areall fo few, as that of this no certaintie can be gathered,for therebe more 
fhrubs that bring forth fruit in cods. The French men call it Guainier,as though they fhould fay, 
Vaginula: or alittle fheath : moftofthe Spaniards do name it A/zorouo loco,that is,Siliqua (ylueftris 
or fatua,wilde or foolith cod :others, rol d’ amor for the brauenefle fake : it may becalled in En- 


glith,Iudas tree, for that itis thought tobe that wheteon Inds did hang himfelfe, and not vpon the 
Elder tree,as it is vulgarly faid. 


@| The Temperature and Vertues. 
The temperature and vertues of this {hrub are vnknowne,and not found out:for whereas Matthi- 
] Hy . . - . . 
ows maketh this to be CAcaciaby adding falfely thornes vnto it, it is but a furmife. 


Cuar. 


pena act mn a 


Lis.3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. as 


Cuar. 82. Of the Carob tree,or Saint lobns Bread. 
@ The Defcription, 


He Carob tree is alfo one of thofe that beare cods ; it is a tree of a middle bignefle,very full of 
oD bonghes : the leaues long,and confift of many fet together vpon one middle rib, like thofe of 
the Ath; but euery: particular one of them is broader, harder and rounder : the fiuit or long cods 
in fome places are a foot in length,in other places thorterby halfe, an inch broad,{mooth, & thick; 
inwhich do lie flatand broad feeds: the cods themfelues are of a {weet tafte,and are eaten of di- 
uers,but not before they be gathered and dried; for being as yet green,though ripe,they are ynplea- 
fant to be eaten by reafon of their i]l fauoured tafte, 


Ceratia filiqua, five Ceratonia; @ The Place, 
* The Carob tree, : o 

noloure virgo wor ; 
7 This growethin Apulia,a Prouince of the 
unin kingdome of Naples,and alfo in diuers vntoi- 
Jed places in Spaine : it is likewife found 
in India and other countries Eaftward, where 


nnn thecodsare fo fullof fweet inice as that it is 
wa VF vied to preferue Ginger and other fruites, as 
/, fil) ? Matthiolus fheweth. Strabolio.15. faith, thar 
Sg Ariflobulus reporteth how there isa tree in In- 

. om YES dia of no great bignes,which hath Sreat cods, 
io ten inches long, full ofhony ; Quas qui ederent 
non facile feruart, which thing peraduenture is 
onely tobe vnderftood of the greenic cods, a 
thofe thatare not yet dry:it is very wel known 
in the coafts of Nicca and Liguria in Italy,as 
alfo in allthe traétsandcoafts of the Weft 
Indies,and Virginia. It growethalfo in fun. 
dry places of Paleftine, where there is fuch 
plenty of it,that it is left vnto fine and other 
wilde beafts to feed vpon, as our Acornes and 
Beech maft. Moreouer, both young and old. 
feed thereon for pleafure.and fome haue eaten 
thereof to fupply and help the neceflary nou- 
rifhment of their bodies. This of fome is cal. 
Jed Saint Johns bread,and thought to be that 
which is tranflated Locufts, whereon S. roby 
did feed when he was inthe wildernefle, be- 
fides the wilde hony whercof he did alfo eat 
but there is {mall certainty of this : bur mot 
certaine that the people of that countrey doe 
feed vpon thefe cods,in Greeke called. Reem « 
in Latine,Si//que : but Saint Johns food iscalled in Greeke eis: which word is often vfed in the 
Reuelation written by Saint osn,and tranflated Locufts. Now wee muftalfo remember that this 
Greekeword hath two feucrall interpretations or fignifications, for taken in the good part,it figni« 
fieth a kinde of creeping creature, or flie,which hoppeth or skippeth vp and down, as doth the graf- 
hopper ; ofwhich kinde of creatures itwas lawfull toeat,Lewit. 11. 22.and Mat.3. 4. It fignifietk 
alfo thofe Locufts which came out of the fmoke of the bortomles pit,mentioned 4p0c.9.0,3.4.8¢Cs 
whichwere like vnto horfes prepared forbattell. The Hebrew word which the Englith tranflators 
haue turned Grathoppers;Tremelius daresnot giue the name Locu/? vnto it,but calleth it by the He- 
brew name 4r6s,after the letters and Hebrew name, faying thus in the note ypon the 22. verfe of 
the x r.chapter of Leuit. Thefe kindes of creeping things neither the Hebrews nor the Hiftoriogra- 
phers,nor our felues do know whatthey meane: whereforewe ftill retainethe Hebrew words, for 

. allthe foure kindes thereof : but it is certaine that the Eaft countrey Grafhoppers and Locufts 
were fometimes vied in meat,as Math, 3.4.and Marc.1,6 Plin libex twNatur, Hiffor. cap.2 sande 
Thus 


143° 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li 3.3. 


Thus far Tremelius and Iunius. By that which hath been faid it appeareth what S. Joh» the Baptift 
fed of vnder the title Locufts : and that it is nothing like vnto this fruit Ceratia filiqua :1 rather take 
the husks or fhells of the fruit of this tree to be thecods or busks whereof the prodigal] childe 
would haue fed,but none gaue thetn vnto him,though the fwine had their fill thereof. Thefe cods 
being drie are very like beane cods,as I haue often feen.I haue fowne the feeds in my garden,where 
they haue profpered exceeding well. ‘ 

+. There is no doubt but the *+:m or Silique mentioned in Saint Lukes Gofpel,Chap.15.v.162 
were the cods or fruit of this tree. I cannot beleeue that either the fruit of this or the Locufts,were 
the’awits mentioned in the third chapter of Saint at,v.4, But 1 am of the opinion of the Greeke 
Father Ifedore Pelufiotawho,lib. I Epift. 13? -bath thefe words, *Ardxpisec, ds Twmyins ifipevo, bu Coa drmaie cnyss Score 
ERI e, Kee Ele OoTED IRD Teh KL 74 yOLTO 9 XPV dept wores Borwey ih uricr : ere 5 mim me On miaty wi ine ajpier, Wad, ins Syrteraien' panrer's aueagpnts 
uy, Ge. bat is : The Acrideswhich John fed vpon are not living creatures liketo Beetles, as 
fome vnlearnedly fuppofe,farre be it from vs fo tothinke, but they ate thetender buds of herbes 
and plants or trees:neitheron the other fideis the Meh agrion any herbe focalled, but mountaine 


hony gathered by wilde Bees, &c. + 


The Time. 
The Carob tree bringeth forth fruitin the beginning of the Spring, which is not ripe till Au= 
tumne, 


a The Names. 


The Carob treeis called sans :in Latine likewife, Ceratonia : in Spanifh, Garouo : in Englifh) 
Carob tree , and of fome, Beane tree, and Saint Johns Bread: the fruit or cod is named am: in 
Latine Siliqua, or Siliqua dulcis: indiuers fhops , Xylocaracta : in other fhops in Italy, Carobe, or 
Carobole : of the Apothecaries of Apulia,Salequa : itis called in Spanifh, Alfarobas,or Algarovas : 
and without an article Garovas : inhigh Dutch, &,Jobang bzot s that is to fay,S anéti Iohan.panis, 
or S.Johns Bread neither is it knowne by any other name in the Low-countries : Some call it in En. 


glith,Carob. 
@ The Temperature, 


The Carob tree is dric and aftringent,as is alfo the fruit,and containeth in ita certaine fweetnes 


as Galen faith. ; 
a rhe Vertues, 


The fruit of the Carob Tree, beeing eatwhen itis greene, doth gently loofethebelly; but 
beeing dry it is hard of digeftion,and ftoppeth the belly, it prouoketh vrine, it is good for the fte- 
macke,and nourifheth well,and much better than when itis greene and frefh. 


Cuar, 83. Of Calsia Fiftula, or Pudding Pipe. 


oe 


@| The Defcription. 


the colour of Box,whereupon fome haue fuppofed it to take the Greeke name kes, in Latine, 

Coriaceus the armes and branches of this are {mall and limber, befet with many goodly leaue's, 
like thofe of the Wall-nut tree :among which come forth {mall floures of a yellow colour, com- 
pact or confifting of fix little leaues, like the floures of Chelidonium minus.or Pile-woortiafter thele 
bevaded,there fucceed goodly blacke round, long cods,whereof fome are two foot long, and ofa 
wooddy fubftance : in thefe coddes are contained a blacke pulpe, very {weet and foft,of a pleafant 
tafte,and feruing to many vfes in Phyficke, inwhich pulpe lieth the feed couched in little cels or 
partitions : this feed is flat and brownifh,not vnlike the feed of Ceratia Siliqua,and in other refpects 
very like vnto italfo, 


C Affia purgatrix,or Caffia fiftula,groweth vp to be a faite tree, with a tough barke like leather, of 
é 


q The Place. 

This tree groweth much in Egypt,efpecially about Memphis and A exandria,and moft parts of 
Barbaric,and isa ftranger in thefe parts of Europe. 

The Time. 

The Caffia tree croweth green winter and fommer:it fheddeth his old leaues when new ate come, 
by meanes whereof it is neuer void of leaues :it floureth carly in the fpring, and the fruitistipe in 
Autamue, 

4 : q The 


1n.3. Of theiftory of Plants, 1431 


Caffia fiftwla. G The Names, 
Pudding Pipe tree. 

This tree was vaknowne to the old writers,or 
fo little accounted of, as that they haue made 
ho mention of it at all : the Arabians were the 
firft that efteemed of it,by reafon they knew the 
vfe of the pulpe which is found in the Pipes:and 
after them the later Grecians, as Adfiarius & 0- 
ther of his time,by whom irwas nathed ser viagra 
that is to fay in Latine, Cafianigra, The fruit 
thereof, faith Adtvarius in his fift booke,is likea 
long pipe, hauing within ita thicke humour or 
moifture,which is not congealed all alike tho- 
row the pipe,but is {eparated and dinided with 
many partitions,béing thin wooddy skins, The 
Apothecaries call it Ca/a fiftulaand with a dou- 
ble ff Caffia fiffula: itiscalledinEnglith after 
the Apothecaries word,Caffia fiftula, and may 
alfobe Englifhed, Pudding Pipe, becaufe the 
cod or Pipe is like a pudding: but the old Caf- 
fia fiftulajor «nt in Greeke, is that fweet and 
odoriferous barke thar isrolled together, after 
the manner of a long and roundpipe,now named 
of the Apothecaries Caffia lignea, which is a 
kinde of Cinamon, 

q| The Temperature. 

The pulpe of this pipe which is chiefely ig 
requeft,is moift inthe later end of the firft de- 
gree,and little more than temperatly hor, 


fs 


A 
AeA 


Li 


The Vertues. 

The pulpe of Cafia fi/twla extradced with violet water,is amoft fweet and pleafant medicine,and Aj 
may be giuen without danger to all weak people ofwhat age and fex foeuer they be, yea it may be 
minifired towomenwith childe,for it gently purgeth cholericke humours and flimie flegme, ifit 
be taken in the weight ofan ounce. ~<a % ‘ 

Cafvia is good for fuch as - 9) ae agues,pleurifies, iaundice,or any other inflammation B 
( iuer, being taken as afore is fhewed. 

. cafe feecod e. oo reines and kidneies,driueth forth grauell and the ftone, efpecially ifitbee € 
mingled with the decodtion of Parfley, and Fennell Sshivietie 6 ‘ ‘ 

It purgeth and purifieth the bloud,making 1t more cleane than before, breaking therewith the D 
acrimonie and fharpneffe of the mixture of bloud and choler together. 

It diffolueth all phlegmons and inflammations of the breft,lungs, and the rough artery called & 
Trachea arteria, eafing thofe parts exceeding well. = ae 

Caffia abateth the vehemencie of thirft inagues,or any hot difeafe whatfoeuer,efpecially ifitbe p 
taken with the iuice of Iatybum,Cichoreum,or Solanum, depu red according to Art sit abateth alf othe 
intemperate heat of the reines,if it be receiued with diureticke imples, or with the decodj on of 
Licorice onely,and will not fuffer the {tone to grow 1n fuuch perfons as do receiue and vfe this medi- 
oe The beft Ca(fia for your vfeis tobe taken out of themoft ful,moft heauy,8< faireft cods,or canes, G 

“and thofe which do thine without,and are full of foft pulpe within ; that pulpe which is newly ta- 
ken forth is better than that which is kept in boxes,by what Art focuer. 

Cafiabeing outwardly applied, taketh away the roughneffe of the ski 

fwellings,it bringeth them to fuppuration. 2 caaalaie . 
Many fingular compounded medicines are made with this Caffia, which here to recite belongs { 
not to my purpofe or hiftory. 


n,and being laid vpon hot 7 


Cuar 


my 


Ly ; { 
, | 
\ 7 
/ i] 
i 
| 
hug hist 
7 i | 
Misia i 
ry i ; 
iy fy) tal rt 
Vi) H 
¥ i 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L 13.3. | 


Cuar. 84. Of the Lentiske,or “M aftioke tree. 


q The Defcription, 


Lentifcus. q The Defiription. 
The Mafticke tree. 
acta. sD  chrpeat He Maftick tree groweth commonly like 4 


\ 


DF fies without any great body,rifing vp with 
many {prings and fhoots like the Hafell , and 
oftentimes it is of theheight and bigneffe of a 
meane tree: the boughes thereof are tough,and 
flexible ; the barke is ofa yellowith red colour, 
pliable likewife, and hard to be broken : there 
ftandvpon one rib for themoft part 8 leaues, 
fet vpon a middle rib,much like to the leaues of 
Licorice, but harder, of a deepe greene colour, 
and oftentimes fomewhat red in the brims, as 
alfo hauing diuers vains running along of a red 
colour,and fomthing ftrong of {mel: the floures 
be moffie,and grow in clufters vpon long ftems : 
after them come vp the berries, of the bignefle 
of Vetches, greene at the firft, afterwards of a 
purple colour,and laft of all,black, fat,and oily, 
witha hard black ftone within,the kernel wher - 
of is white,ofwhich alfo is made oile, as Diofto- 
vides witne fleth:it bringeth forth likewife cods 
befides the fruit (which may be rather termed 
an excrefcence,than a cod)writhed likea horn; 
in which lieth at the firft a liquour, and after- 
wards when this waxeth ftale, little lining 
things likevnto gnats, as in the Turpentine © 
hornes,and in the folded leaues of the Elm tree, 
There commeth forth of the Maftick treea Roz 
fin,but dry,called Mafticke. 


q The Place. 

The Mafticke tree groweth in many regions,as in Syria, Candy, Italy, Languedocke,and in moft 
Prouinces of Spaine : but the chiefeft is in Chios an Ifland in Greece, in which itis diligently and 
{pecially looked vnto,and that for the Mafticke fake,which is there gathered from the husbanded 
Mafticke trees by the inhabitants cuery yeare moft carefully, and is fent from thence into all parts 
of the world, a 

@ The Time. 

The floures be in their pride in the {pring time,and the berries in Autumne:the Mattick muft be 
gathered about the time when the Grapes be. 

q The Names. ; ; ; 

This tree is named in Grecke x: in Latine, Lentifcus : in Italian, Lentifque : in Spanith, Mata, 
and Arcoyra : in Eniglifh,Mafticke tree;and of fome, Lentiske tree. 

Jofin iscalled in ibe mt: i ine,Lentifcina Refinaand likewife, Mafft- 

The Rofin is called in Greeke fransanm, and was : in Latine,Lentifcina Refinaand li ewife,2 
che: in fhops,M affix : in Italian, Maffice : in highand low Dutch and French alfo, Maftic: in Spa- 
nith, Almafticga, Maflech,and cAlmecega: in Englith,Matticke, : 3! - 

Clufins writeth, that the Spaniards call the oile that is preffed outofthe berries, CAXeyte ae 
Mata. 

« The Temperature, 
The leaues,barke,and gum of the Mafticke tree are of a meane and temperate heate, and arc drie 
in the fecond degrec,and fomewhat aftringent. 
gy The Vertues. ; eee 
The leaues and barke of the Mafticke tree ftoppe the laske, the bloudy flixe, the ee . 
a - : ay trea - Dlou 
r 


Li, 3. | Of the Hiftory of Plants. “1433 


bloud, the piffing of bloud,and all other fluxes ofbloud : rhey are alfo good againftthe falling 
fickeneffe, the falling downe of the mother, and comming forth of the fundament. 
Thegum Matfticke hath the fame vertue, if it be relented inwine and giuen tobe drunke. 
Mafticke chewed in the mouth is good for the ftomacke, ftaicth vomiting, increafeth appetite B 
comforteth the braines, ftaieth the falling downe of the theumes and watery humors, and maketh Cc 
afweet breath. 
The fame infufed in Rofe water is excellent to wath the mouth withall, to faften loofeteeth, D 
and to comfort the iawes. > 
The fame {pred vpon a piece of leather or veluet, and laid plaifterwife vpon the temples, {taieth E 
the rheume from falling into the iawes and teeth, and eafeth the paines thereof. 
it prevaileth much againft vicers and wounds , being put into digeftiues and healing Vn- g 
uents. 
Itdraweth flegme forth of the head gently and without trouble. G 
H 
I 
K 


Itis alfo vfed in waters which ferue to clenfe and make faire the face with, 
The decoction of this filleth vp hollow vicers with fleth if they be bathed therewith. 
Itknitteth broken bones, ftaicth eating vicers, and prouoketh vrine. 


Cuar.8s5, Of the Turpentine Tree: 


x Tercbinathys. 2 Terchinthus latifolia. 
The Turpentine tree, The broad leafed Turpentine tree, 
U) uf iP ola a Jerr ve Ul AAS, 


@ The Defcription. 


I a He firft Turpentine Tree groweth to the height of a tall and faire tree, haning many 

long boughes or branches, difperfed abroad, befet with long leaues, confifting of fun- 

dry other {mall Jeaues,each whereof refemoleth the Bay leafe,growing one againft another vpon 4 

little ftem or middle rib, like vnto the leaues of the Ath tree:the floures be {mall & reddifh,grow- 

ing yponclufters or bunches that turne into round berries,which at their beginning are greene, 

afterwards reddith ; butbeing ripe wax ee of a darke blew colour, clammie, full of a 
: : reecee an 


‘ 
- 


O 


© ry by 


1434 ~~ Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants, Lip.3. | 


and oilous in fubftance, and of a pleafant favour: this plant beareth an empty cod, or crooked 
horne fomewhat reddith, wherein are found {mall flies, wormes or gnats, bred and ingendred ofa 
cettaine humorous matter, which cleaueth to the inner fides of the faid cods or hornes, which 
wormes haue no phyficall vfeat all. The right Turpeutine iffueth out of the branches of thefe 
trees; if youdo cut orwound them, the which is faire and cleere, and better than that which is ga- 
thered from the barke of the Firre tree. 

2 The fecond kinde of Turpentine tree is very like vnto the former, but that it groweth not 
fo great: yet the leaues are greater and broader,and of the fame fafhion,but very like tothe leaues 
of the Piftacia tree, The berries are firft of a f{carlet colour, and when they be ripe of a skieco- 
lour. The great horned cods are fharpe pointed, and fomewhat cornered, confifting as it were of 
the fubftance of griftles. And our of thofe bladdets being broken,do creepeand come {mall flies 
or enats, bred ofa fuliginous excrement, and ingendred in thofe bladders. The tree doth alio 
yeeld his Turpentine by dropping like the former, ; 

@ The Place. 

Thefe trees grow, as Diofcoridcs faith,in Lurie, Syria, Cyprus, A fricke,and in the {lands called 
Cyclades. Bellomus teporteth that there are found great {tore of them in Syria, and Cilicia, and are 
brought from thence to Damafcus to be fold. Clufins faith, that ir growes of it felfe in Langue- 
docke, and inyery many places of Portingale and Spaine, but for the moft partlike a fhrub, and 
without bearing Turpentiue. 

T heophraftus writeth,that it groweth about the hill Ida, and in Macedonia, fhort; in manner ofa 
fhrub, and writhed ; and in Damafcus and Syria great, in manner ofa {mall tree; he alfo fetteth 
downe a certaine male Turpentine tree, and a female : the male, faith he, is barren, and the female 
fruitfull, And ofthefe he maketh the one witha berry red at the firft,of the bigneffe ofa Lentil, 
which eannot come toripenes ; and the other with the fruit greene at the firft, afterwards fome- 
what ofa yellowith red, and in the end blacke, waxing ripe in the fpring, of the bigneffe of the 
Grecians Beane,and rofenny. 

He alfowriteth of acertaine Indian Turpentine tree, that is to fay,a tree like in boughes and 
leaues to the right Turpentine tree, but differing in fruit, which is like vnto Aluonds, 


] The Time. 
The floures ofthe Turpentine tree come forth in the {pring together with the new buds: the 
: Rae! j : : : pring toe : 
berries are ripe in September and O Gober, in the time of Grape gatherinc. The hornes appeare 
pein 3 PEs 5 PP 
about the fame time. 


: @ The Names. 

This tree is called in Greeke nmurse,and alfo many times npehee+ in Latine,Terebinthys : in Itali- 
an, Zerebintho ‘in Spanith, Cornicabra: in French,terebante : in Englith, Turpentine tree : the Ara- 
bians call it Botiz; and with an article 4 /botin. 

The Rofin is furnamed npunsty: in Latine, Terebinthina : inbigh Dutch, (ermintijn :in Eng- 
lifh, Turpentine, and right Turpentine : in the Arabian language albotiz, who dgtne the fiuit 
Granum viride, or greene berries. : 

|} The Temperature and Vertues. : 

The barke, leaues, and fruit of the Turpentine tree do fomewhat binde, they are hot in the e- 
cond degree,and being greene they dry moderately ; but when they are dryed they dry in the fe- 
cond degeee, and the fruit approacheth more necre to thofe that be dry inthe third degree, and 
alfo hotter, This is fit to be eaten, as Diofcorides faith, but it hurteth the fomacke, 

_ 4t prouoketh vrine, helpeth thofe that haue bad {pleenes,and is drunke in wine againft the bi- 
tings of the poyfonfome {piders called Phalaneia. 

_ The Rofin of the Turpentine tree excelleth all other Rofins according to Diofiorides his opini- 

hion: but Galex writeth, that the Rofin ofthe mafticke tree beareth the preheminence, and then 
the Turpentine. 
This Rofin hathalfoan aftringent or binding facultie, and yet not fo much as matticke - but it 
hath withalla cettaine bitterneffe iovned, by reafon whereof it digefteth more than that of the 
Matticke tree : thorow the fame qualitie there 1s likewife in it fo great a clenfing, as alfo it bealeth 
feabs,in his 8. booke of the faculties of fimple medicines ; but in his booke of medicines accor. 
ding tothe kindes, he maketh that of the Turpentine tree to be much like the Rofins of the Larch 
tree, which he affitmeth tobe moifter than all the reft, and to be without both fharpneffe and bi- 
ting. 

The fruit or Turpentine prouoketh vrine and ftirreth vp flefhly Iuft. 

The Rofine of this tree, which is the right Turpentine, loofeth the belly openeth the ftoppings 


of the liuerand {pleene, prouoketh vrine, and driveth forth grauell, being taken the quantitie of 
two or three Beanes, : 


The 


‘ta OA 


The like quantitie wathed in water diuers' times vntill ir be white,then muft be put thereto th® G 
like quantity ofthe yolk of an egge,and laboured togetheradding thereto by little and little¢con= 
tinually ftirring it)a fmall draught of poffit drinke made of white wine, and: giuen to drink in the 
morning fafting,ithelpeth moft {peedily the Gonorrhza,or running of the reines, commonly at the 
fir time, but the medicine neuer faileth at the fecond time of the taking of it,which giues ftooles 
from foure to cight,according to the age and ftrength of the patient. 


6 


Cuar.86. Of the Frankincenfe tree. 


€| The Defcription, 


Tie tree‘from which Frankincenfe floweth is but low,and hath leaues like the Maftick tree, yet 
fome are of opinion that the leafe is like the leafe of a Peare tree, and of a graffie colour: the 
rinde is like that of the Bay tree, whereof there are twokindes : the one groweth in mountains and 
rockie places, the other inthe plaine: but thofe in the plaines are much worfe than thofe of the 
mountaines : the gum hereof is alfo blacker, fitter to mingle with Pitch, and fuch other ftuffe to 
trim fhips,than for other vfes- 


Arbor Thurifera. Thuris Limpidifolium Lobel. 
The Frankincenfe tree. The f{uippofed leafe ofthe Frankincenf tree; 


Thenet inhis Cofmographie faith,that the Frankincenfetree doth refemblea gummie or rofiny 
Pine tree,which yeeldeth a iuice that in time groweth hard, and is called 7/ys, Frankincenfe, in 
whomis found fometime certaine {mall graines like vnto grauell, which they call the Manna of 
Frankincenfe. 

Of this there is in Arabia two other forts,the one,the gum wherof is gathered inthe Dog daies 
when the Sun is in Leo,whichis white,pure, cleare,and fhining. Pesawriteth that he hath feene 
the cleare Frankincenfe called Limpidum, and yeelding a very {weet f{mellwhen itis burnt, but the 
leafe hath been feldome feene;which the Phyfition Lausanus gaue to Pena and Lobel, together with 
fone pieces of the Rofine,which he had of certaine mariners, but he could affirme nothing of cer- 
taintie whether it were the leafe ofthe Frankincenfe,or of fmeorher Pine tree, yeelding the like 
iuiceorgum.Ic is,faith he (which doth feldom happen in othet leaues) from the lower part or foor 
of the leafe,to che vpper end,as ic were doubled,confi ting of two thin rindes or coats,with a theath 
a {pan and a hal fe loag,at the top gaping open’likea hood or fooles coxcombe,and as it were coue- 
red witha helm st,waieh is athing feldomn? feene in a leafe,but is proper to the floures of Napellus, 

Egeeeeys of 


Ce 


1436 ea” Of the Hitterie of Plants. L 13.3. 


or Lonchitis,as writers affirme ; the other is gathered in the {pring,which is reddith,wor fer than the 
other in price or value,becaufe it is not {o well concoéted in the heat of the Sunne, The Arabians 
wound this tree with a kuife,that the liquour may flow out more abundantly , whereof fome trees 
yceld threefcore pounds of Frankinfence, 


ey, 


@ The Place, 

Diofcorides faith it groweth in Arabia,and efpecially in that quarter which is called Thurifera, 
the beft in that countrey is called Stagonias,and is round,and if it be broken,is fat within,and when 
itis burned doth quickly yeeld a {mel:next to it in goodnes is that which groweth in Smilo,leffer 
than the other,and more yellow. The Time. 

The time is already declared in the defcription, 

q The Names, 

Itis called in Greekesitene : in Latiné,TAys: in Italian Jvcenfo-in Dutch, Uueirauch:in Spanith, 
Encenfo: in French, Enceus : inEnglith, Frankincenfe, and Incenfe: in the Arabian tongue,Lovan, 
and offome few,Cond.r. t The Rolin carries the fame name ; but in fhops it iscalled Ol:banum,of 
the Greeke name and article put before it.+ | 

; ©The Temperature and Vertues. 

Ichath,as Diofcortdes faith, a power to heate and binde. 

It driueth away the dimnefle of the eye-fight, filleth vp hollow vicers,it clofes raw wounds; ftai- 
eth all cotruptions of bloud,although it fall from the head. 

Galen writeth thus of it; Tus doth heate in the fecond degree, and drie inthe firft,and hath (ome 
{mall aftria ion,but in thewhite there is a manifeft aftriGion, the rinde doth manifeftly bindeand 
dry exceedingly,and that moft certainly in the fecond degree, forit is of more'groffer parts than 
Frankincenfe,and not fo fharpe, by reafonwhereof it is much vfed in {pitting of bloud, fwellings 
in the mouth,the collicke paffion,the flux in the belly rifing from the ftomacke,and blondy flixes. 

The fume or finoke of it hath a more drier and hotter quality than the Frankincenfe it felfe,be- 
ing dry in the third degree, 

E  Itdoth alfoclenfe and fill vp the vicers in the eies,like vnto Myrrhe: thus far Galen. 

F _ Déofcorides faith,that if itbe drunk by a man in health,it driueth him into a frenfie: but there are 
few Greekes of his minde. 

G . , 4sicen reporteth that itdoth helpe and ftrengthen the wit and vnderftanding, but the often ta- 
king of itwillbreed the head-ache,and if too much of it be drunke with wine it killeth, 


Cuap. 87. Of Fifticke Nuts. 


Piftacia, The Fifticke Nut. q The Deféription. 
He tree which beareth Fifticke Nuts is like 
Sy *# tothe Turpentine tree: the leaues hereof be 
ail 7) greater than thofe of the Matfticke tree, but fer 
oF after the fame maner,and in like orderthat they 
are,being of a faint yellow colour out of agreen; 
the fruit or Nuts do hang by their ftalks in clu- 
fters, being greater than the Nuts of Pine Ap- 
ples,and much leffer than Almonds : the husks 
without is of a grayifh colour fometimes red- 
difh,the fhell brickle and white ; the fubftance 
of the kernel! greene;the tafte fweet,pleafant to 
be eaten,and fomething fweet of {mell. 
@ The Place. 

Fifticke Nuts grow in Perfia, Arabia, Sy- 
ria,and in India ; now they aremade free Dent- 
zons in Italy,as in Naples and in other Prouin- 
ces there, 


| OE Sn TE AE . 


ow PS 


GZ 


gy The Time. 
This tree doth floure in May,and the fruit is 
tipe in September, 
g The Names. 
This Nut is called in Greeke xewwo in Athe- 


SSS 


\ 


SS 


YY i naus; Nicander Colophonivs in his booke of Trea 
Zy cles nameth it Yteuer: Poffidonius nameth it Aisexsey: 


othersecce the Latines obferuing the fame 
termes,haue named it Piftacion,Bi/tacion, or Phi- 


fracion : 


XX 


AW 


IN 


NTN 


as ere Of theHiftory of Plants. 1437 


fiacion : the Apothecaries, Fiftici : the Spaniards, Alhocigos, and Fr/ticos : in Italian, PéPacchi : in 
Engi, eae q The Temperature and Vertues. 

The kernels of the Fifticke Nuts are oftentimes eaten as be thofe ofthe Pine Apples ; they be 
of temperature hot and moift;they are not fo eafily concoéted,but much eafier than common nuts ; 
the inice is good,yet fomewhat thicke;they yeeld to the body no fmall nourifhment, they nourith 
bodies that are confumed:they recouer ftrength. : 

They are good for thofe that haue the phehificke,or rotting away of the lungs. 

They concoé,tipen,and clenfe forth raw humours that cleaue to the lights and cheft, 

They open the {toppings of the liuer,and be good for the infirmities of the kidneies ; they alfo 
remoue out of the kidneies fand and grauell ; and aflage their paine:they arealfo good for vicers. 

The kernels of Fifticke nuts condited,or made into comfits,with{ugar, and eaten, doe procure 
bodily luft,vnftop the lungs and the breft,are good again{t the fhortneffe of breath, and are an ex. 
cellent preferuative medicine being miniftred in wine againft the bitings of all manner of wilde 


beatts. 


m dow 


Cuar. 88. Of the Bladder Nut. 


Nux véeficaria. | The Defcription: 
The Bladder Nut. 
Stepp Ceo piurirotor- His is a low tree, hauing diuers young 
, {prings growing forth of the root:the fub- 
ftanceof the wood iswhite,very hard & found; 
the barke is of alight greene: the leaues con- 
fift of fiue little ones,which be nicked in the 
: edges like thofe of the Elder, but leffer,not fo 
Sy Mets : greene nor ranke of fmell. It hath the pleafane 
\ RIN IRR whirith floures of Bryonie or Labrufca,both in 
f{mell and thape,which turne into {mal corne- 
red bladders of winter Cherries, called Alka- 
kengie,but ofan ouerworne greenifh colour: . 
in thefe bladders are contained two little 
nuts, and fometimes no more butone, lefler 
than the Hafell nut, but greater than the Ram 
Cich,witha wooddie fhel and fomewhat redz 
the kernellwithin is fomething green;in tafte 
at the firft fweet,but afterwards lothfome,and 
ready to prouoke vomit. 
@ The Place, 

It groweth in Italy, Germany and France ; 
it groweth likewifeat the houfe of fir Walter 
Culpepper neere Flimmewell in the Weild of 
Kent, as alfoin the Frier-yard without Saint 
Paules gate in Stamford,and about Spalding 
Abbey, and in the garden of the right honou- 
rable the Lord Treafurer my very good Lord 
and Mafter,and by his houfeinthe Strand. Ir 
groweth alfo in my garden,and in the garden 
hedges of fir Francis Carew neere Croydon, {ez 
uen miles from London. 

q The Time. 
This tree floureth in May,the Nuts be ripe in Auguft and September. 
q The Names, ! 

It iscommonly called inhigh Dutch, impernuls which fignifieth in low Dutch itnpernios 
tets: ditiers call it in Latine Pr/tacrum Germanicum : we thinkeitbeft tocall it Nyx veftcaria. Mat 
thiolws in his Epiftles doth iudge the Turks Coulcoul and Hebulben to agreewith this:Gulielmus Qua- 
celbenus affirmeth,Coulcoul to be vfed of divers in Conftantinople for adaintie, efpecially when 
they benew brought out of Egypt. This plant hath no old name, vnleffe it be Staphylodendron Pliny: 

Bee ecess for 


forwhich it is taken of the later writers :and Plimy hathwritten of itin his 16.book,16.chap. There 

is alfo (faith he) beyond the Alpes a tree, the timber whereof is very liketo that of white Maple, 

and is called Staphylodendron, it beareth cods,and in thofe kernels,hauing the taite of the Hafel nut, 

It iscalled in Englith,S. Anthonies nuts,wilde Piftacia,or Bladder nuts:the Italians call ic Piftachie 

Salyaticke : the French men call it Baguenandes a patre noffres,for that the Friers do vie to make beads 

of the nuts. “i 

@ The Temperature and Vertues. 

A Thefenuts are moiftand ful of {uperfluous raw humours,and therefore they eafily procure a rea- 
dineffe tovomite,and trouble the ftomacke,by reafon that withall they be fomewhat binding,and 
therefore they be not to be eaten. — ; 

B They haueas yetnoviein medicine,yet notwithftanding fome haue attributed vnto them fome 

vertues in prouoking of Venerie. 


Cuar. 89. Of the Hafell tree. 


4 The Defcription. 


I 7 He Hafell tree groweth like a fhrub or fmall tree,parted into boughes without ioints, 
tough and pliable:the leaues are broad, greater and fuller of wrinckles than thofe of the 
Alder tree,cut inthe edges like a faw,of colour greene,and on the back fide more white,the bark is 
thin: the root is thicke,{trong,and growing deep ; in ftead of floures hang downe catkins, aglets, 
or blowings, flender,and well compact : afterwhich come the Nuts ftandingin a tough cup of 
a greene colour, and iagged at the vpperend, like almoftvntothebeards in Rofes. The fhell is 
{mooth and wooddie: the kernel within confifteth of a white,hard,and found pulpe, and is couered 
| with athin skin,oftentimes red,moft commonly white; this kernell is {weet and plea fant vnto the 
, 


- ae ie Ve tafte. 
1 Nwx Auellana,five Corylus. 2 Corylus fylucfiris. 
; Van "The Filberd Nut. — The wilde hedge Nut. 
1B ; Cor Bra WML ose a 


Qi Mn, a 


Lit kez. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1439 


+—_—— 


2. Corylus fylucftrisisour hedge Nut or Hafell Nut tree, which is very well knowne, and there - 
fore needeth not any defcription: whereof there are al{o fuindry forts,fome great, fome little,fome 
tathe ripe, fome later, as alfo one that is manured in our gardens, which is very great, bigger than 
any Filberd, and yeta kinde of Hedge nut: this then that hath beene faid fhall futtice for Hedge- 
Nuts. 

£ 3 The fmall Turky Nut tree growes but low,and the leaves grow without order,vpon the 
twigs, they are in fhape like thofe of the former, but fomewhat longer : the chiefe difference con- 
fifts in the fruit, which is fmall, and like an Hafell Nut, but fhorter : the huske, wherein fomtimes 
one, otherwhiles more: Nuts are contained, is very large, tough, and hard, diuided both aboue and 
below into a great many iags, which oneuery fide couer and hold in the Nuts, and thefe cups are 
very roughpithour, but fmooth onthe infide. Clufiue firft fet this forth (hauing receiued it from 
Conftantinople) by the name of U4 uellana pumila ByXantina, $ 


3. cd wellana pumila ByXantina cum fio fructus 
The Filberd Nut of Conftantinople, 


_. & The Place. ; 
The Hafell rrees do commonly grow in Woods and in dankifh vatoiled places : they are alfo 
fet in Orchards, the Nutswhereofare better, and of a fweetertafte, and be moft commonly red 
within, 


The Time. 

The catkins or aglets come forthvery timely, beforewinter be fully paft,and fall away in March 

ot Aprill, fo fooneas the leaues come forth : the Nuts be ripe in Auguft. 
Pays q The Names. : ; ’ 

This {hrub is called in Latine, Corylws : in Greeke, uhuattomwi, that is, Nux Pontica, Or i 
Nut: in high-Dutch, Batel franck ¢ in low-Dutch, Hafeleer s in Englith,Hafel tree, and ie en 
tree but the Filberd tree is properly that which groweth in gardens and Orchards,and whofe fruit 
is commonly wholly couered ouer with the huske, and the fhell is thinner. ee 

The Nut is named in Latine, Nwx Pontica,tenuis Nux,parua Nux : 1018 alfo called Nux Pranefti- 
n1, Nux Heracleotica, and commonly Nwx avellana, by which name itis vfually knowne to the ae 
thecattes :inhigh-Dutch, Patel Pu: in low-Dutch,tatel Moter: in hee a homey ae a 
Necelle ; in French,Noi(ettes,c Novfelles : in Spanith, Awellanas 10 Englith,Hafell nut,an grey 


Thefe Nuts that haue their skinnes red are the garden and planted Nuts,and the right Pontick 

Nuts or Filberds : they are called in high-Dutch,Rhurnufs, and Rotnuts : in low-Dutch, Bogde 

apatel Motet: in Englith, Filberds, and red Filberds. ‘ 
~ The other Nuts which be white are iudged tobe wilde. 

@| The Temperature and Vertues. 


A — Hafell Nuts newly gathered, and notas yet dry, containe in thema certaine fuperfluous moi- 


fture,by reafon whereof they are windie: not onely the new gathered Nuts,bur the dry alfo,be very 


hard ofdigeftion ; for they are of an earthy and cold effence,and of an hard and found fubftance, 


B 


> . ¢ 


‘for which caufe alfo they very flowly paffe thorow the belly, therefore they are troublefome and 


ing to the ftomacke, caufe head-ache,efpecially when they be eaten in too great a quantitie, 
Fee kernels of Nuts made into milke like Almonds do mightily bind the belly, and are good 
for the laske and thebloudy flix. 


clog 


C The fame doth coole exceedingly in hot feuers and burning agues. 
D = Thecatkins are cold and dry,and likewife binding : they alfo fay the lask. 


E 


+ Thekernels of Nuts rather caufethan cure the bloudy flix and lasks,wherefore they are nog 
to be vfed in fuch difeafes. + 


«; pCrnar. /g6, Of the Wall-nut tree. 


Nux Tuglans. a The Defcription, 
The Walnut tree. 


T His is a great tree with athicke and tall 

body : the barke is fomewhar greene,and 
tending tothe colour of athes,and oftentimes 
full of clefts : the boughes {pread themfelues 
far abroad ; the leaues confift of fiue or fix faft- 
ned to one rib, like thofe of the Ath tree, and 
with one ftanding on the top, which be broa- 
derand longer than the particular leaues of 
the Ath, {mooth alfo, and of a ftrong fmell : 
the catkins or aglets come forth before the 
Nuts : thefe Nuts do grow hard tothe flalke 
of the leaues,by couples, or by three & three; 
which at the firft when they be yet but tender 
haue a fweet {mel,and be couered witha green 
huske: vnder that isa wooddy fhell in which 
the kernell is contained, being couered with a 
thin skin, parted almoft into foure parts with 
a woody skin as it were : the inner pulp where. 
of is white, fweet and pleafant to the taft ;and 
that is when itis new gathered, for after it is 
dry it becommeth oily and ranck. 


G ThePlace. 

The Walnut tree groweth in fields neere 
common high-wayes , in a fat and fruitful] 
ground,and in orchards : it profpereth on high 
fruitfull bankes,it loueth not to grow in wate- 
rie places. 


@ TheTime. .. : 
The leaues together with the catkins come forth in the Spring :the Nuts are gathered in Au- 
Suft, 
@ The Names, 


The tree is called in Greeke, xiuz : in Latine, Nux, which name doth fignifie both the tree and 
the frait : in bigh-Dutch, Sulsbaumt :in low-Dutch, Poote boome, and Srootelacr: in French, 
Neifier : in Spanith, Nogueyra : in Englith, Walnut tree,and of fome, Wal th nut tree, The Nut is 
called in Greeke, xe» Bemis, that is to fay, Nwx Regia, or the Kingly Nut: it is likewife named 
Nex 


Lie. 3 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


come: and of diuers, Perfice Nux, or the Perfian Nut : in high-Dutch, elfch JAuts,and Baum= 
tuts: in low-Dutch, Dobernoters, NBaltch ghoten:In Italian, Nocé: in French, Nozx : in Spa- 
nith, NueXes,and Nows : in Englith, Walnut ;and of fome, Walfh nut. 

q] The Temperature and Vertues. 

The freth kernels of the nuts newly gathered are pleafant to the tafte : they area little cold, and 
haue no {mall moifture, which is not perfectly concocted : they be hard of digeftion, and nourifh 
lircle : they flowly defcend. 

The dry nuts are hot and dry, and thofe more which become oily and ranke : thefe be very hurt- 
full tothe ftomacke, and befides that they be hardly concosted, they increafe choler, caufe head- 
ache, and be hurtfull for the cheft, aud for thofe that be troubled with the cough. 

Dry Nuts taken fafting with a fig andalittle Rue withftand poyfon, preuent and preferue the 
body from the infeétion of the plague, and being plentifully eaten they driue wormes forth of the 
belly. 

The ercene and tender Nuts boiled in Sugar and eaten as Suckad,area moft pleafant and dele- 
&able meate, comfort the ftomacke, and expell poyfon. 

The oile of Walnuts made in fuch manner as oile of Almonds, maketh {mooth the hands and 
face, and taketh away fcales or fcurfe, blacke and blew marks that come of ftripes or bruifes. 

Milke made of the kernels, as Almond milke is made, cooleth and pleafeth the appetite of the 
languifhing ficke body. ' 

With onions, falt, and hony, they are good againft the biting of a mad dog or man, if they be 
laid vpon the wound. 

Being both eaten, and alfo applied, they heale in fhort time,as Diofcorides faith, Gangrens,Car- 
buncles, egilops, and the pilling away ofthe haire: this alfois effectually done by the oile that is 
preffed out of them, which is of thin parts, digefting and heating. 

The outward greene huske of the Nuts hatha notable binding facultie. 

Galen deuifed and taught to make of the iuyce thereof a medicine for the mouth, fingular good 
againft all inflammations thereof. 

The leaues and firft buds hauea certaine binding qualitie, as the fame Authour fheweth; yet 
there doth abound in them an hot and dry temperature. 

Some of the later Phyfitions vfe thefe for baths and lotions for the body, in which they haue a 


force to digeft and al{o to procure fweat. 


Cuap. gi. Of the (hefnut tree. 


q The Defcription. 


He Cheftnut tree is a very great an high tree: it cafteth forth very many boughes : the 

body is thicke, and fometimes of fo great a compafle as that two men can hardly fa- 
thom it:the timber or fubftance of the wood is foundand durable: the leaues be 
great, rough, wrinkled, nicked in the edges, and greater than the particular leaues of the. Walnut 
tree. The blowings or catkins be flender, long, and greene : the fruirisinclofed in round a rough 
and prickly huske like toan hedge-hog or Vrchin,which opening it felfe doth Jet fall the ripe fruit 
ot Nut. This nut isnot round, but flat on the one fide, {mooth,and fharpe pointed : it is couered 
with a hard hell, which is tough and very {mooth, of a darke browne colour: the meate or inner 
fubftance of the nut is hard and white, and couered witha thin skin which is vnder the thell. 

2 The Horfe Cheftnut groweth likewife to be avery great tree, {preading his great and large 
armes or branches far abroad, by which meanes it maketh a very good coole fhadow. Thefe bran- 
ches are garnifhed with many beautifull leaues,cut or diuided into fiue,fix,or feuen fections or di- 
uifions, liketo the Cinkfoile, or rather like the leaues of Ricinus, but bigger. The floures grow at 
the top of the ftalks, confifting of foure (mall leaues like the Cherry bloffome, which turne into 
round rough prickly heads like the former, but more fharpe and harder : the nuts are alfo rounder. 
+ The floures of this, faith Clufins (whofe figure of them I here giue you) come out of the bofom 
of the leafe which is the vppermoft of the branch,and they are many in number growing vpon pret- 
tie long foot-ftalkes, confifting each of them of foure white leaues of no great bignefle; the two 
yppermoftarea little larger than the reft, hauing round purple fpots in their middles : out of the 
middle of the floure come forth many yellowifh threds with golden pendants. The fruit is con- 
tained ina prickly huske that opens in three parts, and itis rounder and not fo fharpe pointed as 

the 


441 


Nux Inglans,as though you fhould fay Iouis glans, Tupiters Acorne ; or Iuvans clans, the helping a 


———— 


— -s. 


1442 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


Lis, 


We ANAK 0 Cor 1p, UA Led um 


nl 


& Caftanea, 


Cheftnuttrees “fan 


Wy 


$3 Caftante Peruana frucins. 


“afl Mi 


PAG eo 
[pa lame 


AW) MG 
) 


2 Castanea Equina cum flore, 
Horfe Cheftnut tree in floure, 


the ordinary Cheftnut, neither vader the vt- 
ter coat hath it any peeling within as the o- 
ther hath, neither is it of {o good a tafte. + 
+ 3 This Americane Cheftnut is al- 
moft round, butthatitisa little flatted on 
the fides, efpecially whereas it is faftned to 
the ftalke : the vtter coat is fufficiently 
thicke, yet brittle, and as it were fungous,of 
a brownifh yellow colour :vnder this are a- 
boundance of fmall yer ftiffe prickles , faft 
fticking tothe fhell that containes the ker- 
nell :the thellit felfe is brownith,not thick, 
but tough and hard to breake, fmooth and 
fhining onthe infidewherein is contained a 
kernel ofthebigneffé and colour ofan hates 
kidney, white within, and {weet in tafte like 
analmond or the common Cheftnut. Cluj- 
us Cals this Ca/tanea Perwana, or Cheftnut of 
Peru; and hee faith hee had it fromthe fa- 
mous Geographer Abraham Ortelius, who 
had it fent him by Bencdiitus Arias Monta- 
nus. The figute is expreft ynder that of the 


Horfe Cheftnur. + 


q The Place. 

The firft growes on mountaines and {ha- 
dowie places, and many times in the vallies: 
they loue a foft and blacke foile. Therebe 
fundry woods of Cheftnuts in England, asa 
mile 


Y Li. 3}. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. | 1443 


mileand a halfe from Feuerfham in Kent, and in fundry other places: in fome countries they be 
greater and pleafanter: in others {maller, and of worfe tatte. 

The Horfe Che ftnut groweth in Italy, and in fundry places of the Eaft countries, + Iris now 
growing with M'. Trade(cant at South Lambeth. + : 

Gq The Time. : 

‘The blowings or aglets come forth with the leaues in Aprill ; but the Nuts later, and be not 
ripe till Autumne. 
| The Names. 

The Cheftnut tree beares the name of the Nur both in Greeke and Latine : inhigh- Dutch Agea 
ftenbaum, and Aattanibaum : in low-Dutch, Caftaniboont: in French, Caflaignier : in Englith, 

, Cheftnut tree. 

The Nutis called in Greeke, xerwo : in Latine,Caffanea,louis glans,Sardivia glans : inhhigh-Dutck - 
efter : in low-Dutch, Caftaniet : in Italian,Caflagne - in French,Chaffaigne : in Spanith,Morones, 
Caftanas : in Englith,Cheitnut : the greater Nuts be named of the Italians, Marroni : of the French 
men and of divers bafe Almaines, Marons. 

The Horfe Cheftnut is called in Latine, Equina Caftanca : in Efiglith, Horfe Cheftnut, for that 
the people of the Eaft countries do with the fruit thereof cure their horfes of the cough, fhortnefle 
of breath, and fuch like difeafes. 

§| The Temperature andVertues. 

Ourcommon Cheftnuts are very dry and binding, and be neither hot nor cold,but in a mean be- 
tweene both: yet haue they in them a certaine windineffe, and by reafon of this, vnleffe the thell 
be firft cut, they skip fuddenly with acracke out of the fire whileft they be rofting. 

Ofall the Acornes, faith Galen, the Cheftnuts are the chiefeft, ard doe onely of all the wilde 
fruits yeeld to the body commendable nourifhment ; but they flowly defcend,they be hardly con- 
coed, they make athicke bloud, and ingender winde: they alfo ftay the belly, efpecially if they 
be eaten raw. 

Being boiled or rofted they are not of fo hard digeftion, they more eafily defcend, and are leffe 
windy, yet they alfo make the body coftiue 

Some affirme, that ofraw Cheftnurts dried,and afterwards turned into meale, there is made a 
kinde of bread : yet it muft needs be, thar this fhould be dry and brittle, hardly concocted,and ve- 
rie flaw in paffing thorow the belly, but this bread may be good againft the laske and bloudy flix. 

An Ele@uarie of the meale of Cheftnuts and hony is very good againft the cough and {pitting 
of bloud. ‘ 

The barke of the Cheftnut tree boiled inwine and drunke, ftops the laske, the bloudy flix, and 


allother iffues of bloud. 


Cuap. 92. Of the Beech tree. 
@ The Defcription. 


He Beech is an high tree, with boughes fpreading oftentimes in manner ofa circle, and with 
athicke body hauing many armes : the barke is {mooth : the timber is white, hard, and verie 
rofitable : the leaues be fmooth,thin, broad,and leffer than thofe of the blacke Poplar: the 
catkins or blowings be alfo leffer and fhorterthan thofe of the Birch tree,and yellow : the fruit or 
Matt 1s contained ina huske or cup that is prickly, and rough briftled, yet not fo much as that of 
the Cheftnut : which fruit being taken forth of the thells or vrchin husks, be couered with a foft 
and fmooth skin like in colourand fmoothneffe to the Cheftnuts, but they be much leffer, and of 
another forme, thar is to fay, triangled or three cornered : the kernel! within is fweet, with a cer- 
taine aftriGionor binding qualitie : the roots be few, and grow not deepe, and little lowet than 
vnder the turfe. 
; ; q The Place. 
The Beech tree loueth a plaine and open countrey, and groweth very plentifully inmany For- 
refts and defart places of Suflex, Kent, and fundry other countries. 1 


@ The Time. : 
The Beech floureth in April! and May,and the fruit is tipe in September,at what time the 
Deere do eate the fame very greedily, as greatly delighting therein; which hath caufed forrefters 


and huntfmen to call it Buck-maft. 
q The 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. , 


Fagus, om Vi ites @ The Names. 

The Beech. The tree is called in Greeke, onsse: in La- 
tine, Fagus ; in high-Dutch,8uchbaum, or 
Buch : in low-Dutch, Wukenboon tin [ta- 
lian, Faggs.: in Spanith, Haia,F aiajand Fax - 
in French; Faw, or Heffre : in Englith, Beech 
tree, Beech-maft, and Buck-maf, 

The fruit is called in Latine, Nuces Fae: 
inGreeke, Berwor pe : in low- Dutch, Sues 
hen noothes : in French, Faine-in Englith 
Beech-maft. Diofcorides reckons the Beech 
among the Acorne trees ; and yet is the maft 
nothing at all like toan Acorne, Of Theo. 

Phraftus it is called Oxya : Of GaXa, Scifcina. 

Pliny alfo makes mention of this tree, but 
vnder the name of Offrya (if fo be in ftead of 

0 /ivyawe mutt not reade o xya) lib.12.ca.21, 
It bringeth forth(faith he,meaning Greece) 
the tree Offrys, which they likewife call o- 

Jirya, growing alone among waterie ftones, 
like to the Afh tree in barkeand boughes, 
with leaues like thofe of the Peare tree, but 
fomewhat longer and thicker, and with wrin- 
kled cuts whichrunne quite thorow, witha 
feed like in colour toa Cheftnut,and not vn- 
to barley : the wood is hard and firme,which 
being brought into the houfe there followes 
hard trauell of childe,and miferable deaths ; 
as it is teported;and therefore it is to be for- 
borne, and not vfed as fire wood. if Plizies co- 
pies be not corrupted. i 


RAE a RC 


q The Temperature, 
The leaues of Beech do coole: the kernell ofthe Nut is fomwhat moif, 
‘ q TheVertues. 
A The leaues of Beech are very profitably applied vnto hot fwellings, blifters, and excoriations : 
ii if and being chewed they are good for chapped lips, and paine of the gums. 
: f B  Thekernels or maft within are reported to eafe the paine of the kidneyes proceeding of the 
; Hay '  ftone, if they be eaten,and to canfe the grauell and fand the eafier to come forth, With thefe,mice 
i and Squirrels are greatly delighted, who do mightily encreafe by feeding thereon : Swine alfo be 
i t } fatned herewith,and certaine other beafts : alfo Decre do feed thereon very greedily : they be like- 
: | wife pleafant to Thrufhes and Pigeons. 
C Petrus Crefcentius writeth, That the afhes of the wood is good to make glaffe with, 
+" eh D _ Thewater that is found in the hollowneffe of Beeches cureth the naughty feurfe, tetters, and 
j i fcabs of men, horfes,kine,and fheepe,if they be wafhed therewith. 


i 
: t 


H Cuar.93. Of the Almond tree. 


G The Defcription. 


4h T He Almond trecis like to the Peach tree, yet is ithigher, bigger, of longer continuance : the 
LAr tise i et leaues be very long, fharpe pointed, {nipt about the edges like thofe ofthe Peach tree : the 
{ Ce } 1 A 7) floures be alike : the fruit isalfo like a peach, hauing on one fide a cleft, with a foft skin without, 
A, it a ‘I gh and couered with a thin cotton ; but vnder this there is none,orvery little pulp, which is hard like 
Ly, 4 ii agriftle not eaten : the nut or {tone within is longer than that of the peach, not forugged, but 
ite» fmooth; in which is contained the kernel, in tafte fweet,and many times bitter: the root of the tree 


groweth deepe : the gum which foketh out hereof is like that of the peach tree. 

+  Thereare divers forts of Almonds, differing in largenes and tafte: we commonly haue three 
or foure forts brought to vs a large fweet Almond,vulgarly termed a lordan almond ; and a leffer, 
called a Valence Almond : a bitter Almond of the bigneffe of the Valence almond, and fomtimes 
another bitter onc leffe than it. ¢ 


q The 


Amygdalus. q The Place. 
The Almond tree. 


The natural place of the Almond is in the 
hotregions,yet we haue them in our London 
gardens and orchards in great plenty. 

q The Time. 

The Almond floureth betimes with the 
Peach : the fruit is ripe in Auguft. 

| The Names, 

The tree is called is Greek, ‘sw: in Ta. 
tine, dmygdalus : in French, Amandier:in En- 
glith, Almond tree. 

The fruit is called in Greeke, ‘awtas: in 
Latine, 4 mygdalum + in thops, Amyedala: 
in high-Dutch, QPanDdel ; in low-Durch, Az 
mandelett: in Italian, Atazdole : in Spanith, 
Almendras, Amelles,and <mendoas : in French, 
Amandes : in Englith, Almond. 

| The Temperature and Vertues. 

Sweet Almonds when they bedry be mo= 4 
deratly hot; bucthe bitter ones are hog and 
dry inthe fecond degree. There is in both 
of them a certaine fat and oily fubftance, 
which is drawne out by preffing. 

Sweet Almonds being new gathered ate B 
pleafant to the rafte, they yeeld fome kind of 
nourifhment,but the fame groffe and earthy, 
and groffer than thofe that be dry,and not as 
yet withered. Thefe do likewifellowly def 
cend , efpecially being eaten without their 
skins ; foreuenas the huskes or branny parts 
of corne doe ferue to driue downe the groffe 
excrements of the belly, fo doe likewife the 
skins or husks of the almonds : therefore thofe that be blanched do fo flow!y defcend, as that they 
dowirhall bindethe belly, whereupon they are giuen with good fuccefle tothofe that haue the 
Jaske or the bloudy flix. 

‘there is drawne out of fweet Almonds, with liquor added, a white iuice like milke,which ouer Cc 
and befides that it nourifheth, and is good for thofe that are trouoled with the laske and bloudie 
flix, it is profitable for thofe that haue the pleurifie and fpit vp filthy matter, as Alexander Trallta- 
nus witneffeth : for there is likewife in the Almonds an opening and concoéting qualitie, with a 
certaine clenfing faculty,by which they are medicinable to the eheft and !ungs,or lights,and ferue 
for the raifing vp of flegme and rotten humors. 

Almonds taken before meate do ftop the belly, and nourith but little ; notwithfanding many p 
excellent meates and medicines are therewith made for fundry griefes, yea very cdelicat and whol 
{ome meates, as Almond butter, creame of Almonds, marchpane, and fuch like, whichdry and 
ftay the belly more than the extracted inyce or milke; and they arealfo as good for thecheft and 
lungs. 

They do ferue alfotomake the Phyficall Barley water, and Barley Creame, which are gitten E 
in hot Feuers, as alfo for other ficke and feeble perfons, for their further refrefhing and nourith- 
ments, 

The oile which is newly preffed out of the fweet Almonds isa mitigater ofpaineandallmaner 
of aches. Itis giuen to thofe that haue the pleurifie,being frit let blond ; burefpecially to thofe 
that are croubled with the ftone of the kidnies, it flackens the paffazes of the vrine, and maketh 
them glib or flipperie, and more ready to fuffer the ftone to haue free paflage sit maketh the belly 
foluble, and therefore it is likewife vfed forthe collicke. 

It is good for women that are newly deliuered ; for it quickly remoucth the throwes which re- G 
maine after their deliuery. 

The oile of Almonds makes fmooth the hands and face of delicat perfons,and clenfeth the skin ty 
from all fpots, pimples,and lentils. : 

Bitter Almonds doe make thinneand open, they remoue ftoppings Outofthe liverand {pleene, I 
therforerhey be goo] againft paine in the fides : they make the body foiuble, proaoke vrine, brine 


FEff ff (OWT 


AY = Kai 
AS 


Cin 


So ere 


roy oa. 
Ti eee 


{ 
i 
i 
i 
{ 


——————— 


Te rT eae yr Pe 


L 
M 


N 


oO 
P 


downe the menfes, helpe the ftrangurie, and clenfe forth of the cheft and lungs clammie humors ; 
if they be mixed with fome kinde of Jooch or medicine to licke on: with flareh they ftay the fpit. 
ting of bloud. 
And it ts reported that fiue or fix being taken fafting do keepe a man from being drunke. 
Thefealfo clenfe and take away {pots and blemithes in the face, and in other parts of the body; 
they mundifie and make cleane foule eating vicers. ; 
With bony they are laid vpon the biting of mad dogs ; being applied to the temples with vine- 
neger or oile of Rofes, they take away the head-ache as Diofcoriaes writeth. 
Chey are alfo good againft the cough and fhortneffe of winde. 
They are likewife good for thofe that {pit bloud,if they be taken with the fine floure of Amylum, 


Q There is alfo preffed out of thefe an olewhich prouoketh vrine, but efpecially ifa few fcorpi- 


R 


ons be drowned, and fteeped therein, 

With oile it it fingular good for thofe that haue the ftone, and cannot eafily make water but 
with extremitie of paine, ifthe fhare and place betweene the cods and fundament be anoynted 
therewith. 

Diofcorides faith, that the gum doth heate and binde , which qualities notwithftanding are not 
perceived init. 

It helpeth them that {pit bloud, not by a binding facultie, but thorow the clammineffe of his 
fubftance, and that is by clofing vp of the paffages and pores and fo may it alfo cureold coughes, 
and mitigate extreame paines that proceed of the ftone, and efpecially take away the fharpeneffe 
of vrine, if it be drunke with Baftard, orwith any other fweer potion, as with the decoGion of Li- 
corice,or of Raifons of the funne. The fame doth likewife kill retters in the outward parts of the 
bodie (as Dio/corsdes addeth) if it be diffolued in vineger. : 


ss 


Cuar. og. Of the Peach tree. 


q The Kindes. 


¢ paves are diuers forts of Peaches befides the foure here fet forth by our Author, bur the 
trees do not much differ in fhape,but the difference chiefely confifts in the fruit,where- 
of I will giue you the names of the choice ones,and fuch as are to be had from my friend M". Mil. 
lenin Old-ftreet,which are thefe ; two forts of Nutmeg Peaches ; The Queenes Peach, The New- 
ington Peach ; 1 he grand Carnation Peach ; The Carnation Peach ; The Blacke Peach ; the Me- 
locotone; the White; The Romane; The Alberza; The Ifland Peach; Peachdu Troy. Thefe 
are all good ones, He hath alfo of that kinde of Peach which fome call Naesperfica or Ne@orits, 
thefe following kindes; the Roman red,the bett of frurts;the baftard Red,the little dainty green; 
the yellow ; thewhite ; the ruffet, which is not fo good as there. Thofe that would fee any ful- 
Jer difcourfe of thefe may haue recourfe to the late worke of M'. John Perkinfon,where they may 
finde more varieties,and more largely handled, and therefore not neceffarie for me in this place to 
infiftvpon them. $ 
q The Defcription. 


x He Peach tree is a tree of no great bigneffe : it fendeth forth diuers boughes, which be 

fo brittle,as oftentimes they are broken with the weight of the fruit orwith the winde. 

~The leaues be long, nicked in the edges, like almoft to thofe ofthe Walnut tree,and 

intafte bitter: the floures be of a light purplecolour. The fruit or Peaches be round, and haue 

as itwereachinke or cleft on the one fide, they are coucred with a foft and thindewne or hairie 

cotton, being white without, and of a pleafant tafte ; in the middle whercofis a rough or rugged 

ftone,wherein is contained a kernell like vnto the Almond;the meate about the ftone is of awhite 
colour. The root is tough and yellowith. 

2 The red Peace tree is likewifea tree of no great bigneffe. ie alfo fendeth forth diuers 
boughes or branches, which be very brittle. The leaues be long, and nicked in the edges like to 
the precedent. The froures be alfo like vnto the former, the fruite or Peachesbe round, ofa red 
colour on the outfide ; the meate likewife about the ftone is of agallantred colour. Thefekindes 
of Peaches are very like to wine in tafte, and therefore maruellous pleafant. 

3 Perfica precocia,or the d’auant Peach tree is like vnto the former, but his Jeaues are greater 
and larger. The fruit or Peaches be of a ruffet colour on the one fide,and on the other fide next 
vnto the fun ofa red colour, but much greater than the red Peach : the ftones whereofare like vnto 
the former: the pulpe or meate within is ofa golden yellow colour,and ofa pleafant tafte. 

: 4 Perfica 


Se 


ia Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1447 


Perfica alba. 4  Perfica lutea, or the yellow Peach tree, is 
The white Peach, like vnto the former in leaues and floures : his 
Ray ’ fruit is of a yellow colour on the outfide, and 
likewife on the infide, harder than the teft , in 
the middle of the Peach is awooddy, hard, and 
rouch ftone, full of crefts and gutters, in which 
doth lie a kernell much like to that of the Al- 
mond, and with fucha like skin: the fubftance 
within iswhite,and in tafte fomething bitter. 
The fruit hereof is of greateft pleafure,and bef 
tafte of all the other of his kinde;although there 
be found at this day diuers other forts that are 
of very good tafte, not remembred of the anci- 
ent,or fet downe by the later writers,whereofto- 
{peake particularly,would nor be greatly to our 
pretended purpofe, confidering we haften to an 
end, 

+ 5 There isalfokept in fome of our choife 
gardens akind of Peach which hatha very dou- 
ble and beautiful foure,but it is feldome fuccee= 
ded by any fruit ; they call this,Perfica lore pleno, 
Thedouble bloffomed Peach. 


q The Place. 
They are fet and planted in gardens and vine- 
yards: I haue them all in my garden, with many 
other forts. 


a The Time. 


The Peach tree foone commeth vp: it beares 
fiuic the third or fourth yeere after it is planted, 
and it foone decaieth , and is not of long conti- 

nuance ; it floureth in Aprill, or a little while after that the leaues appeare, and hath his fruit ripe 
in September. 
The Names. : 

The Peach tree is called in Greeke, paite mpner: in Latine, Malus Perfica,and Perfica: in high 
Dutch, er fichbourt : in low Dutch, 49e¢fe boout : in Freneh, Per{cher : in Englith, Peach tree. 

The truit, as Galen teftifieth,is named pine apzxér, and waxy alfo without any addition : in Latine, 
Malum Per(icnm,and Perficum : inhigh Dutch, 49 feviing : in low Dutch, Perfer : in Italy, refche 
in Spanith,Pexegos : in French,Pi/ches : in Englith, Peach. 

The Temperature and Vertues. 

Peaches be cold and moift, and that in the fecond degree; they haue ajuiceandalfo a fub {tance Al 
that doth eafily putrifie, which yeeldeth no nourifhment, but bringeth hurt, efpecially ifthey be 
eaten after other meates ; forthen they caufe the other meates to putrifie. But theyare le ffe hurt- 
full if they be taken firft; for by reafon that they are moift and flippery, they eafily and quickly 
defcendyand by making the belly flippety,they caufe other meates to flip downe the fooner. 

The kernels of the Peaches be hot and dry, they open and clenfe ; they are good forthe ftop- p 
pings of the liuer and fpleene. We é 

Peaches before they be ripe do ftop the laske,but being ripe they loofe the belly, and ingender 
naughty humors, for they are foone corrupted in the ftomacke. 

The leaues of the Peach tree do open the ftopping of the liver, and do gently loofenthebelly : 
and being applied plaifterwife vnto the nauell of young children, they kill the wormes, and driue 
them forth. 

The fame leaues boiled in milke, do kill che wormes in children very fpeedily. 

The fame being dried, and caft vpon greene wounds ,cure them. 

The floures of the Peach tree infufed in watme water for the {pace of ten or twelue houtes, and 
ftrained, and more floures put to the faid liquor to infufe after the fame manner, and fo iterated 
ix or eight times,and ftrained again,then as much fugaras it will require added tothe fame liquor 
and boiled vnto the confiftenceor thicknes ofa fyrnup, and two fpoonefulls hereof taken,doth fo 
fingularly well purge the belly,that there ts neither Rubatbe, Agaricke,nor any other purger com- 
parable vato it , for this purgeth downe waterifh humors mightily, and yet without griefe or 
trouble, either to the ftomacke, or lower parts of the body. 

FLfEEE 2 The 


Qmt 


1448 ae Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants, As 12.3. 


The kernell within the Peach ftone ftamped fmall,and boiled with Vinegervntill itbe brought 
tothe forme of an ointment,is good to reftore and bring again the haire of fuchas be troubled with 


the Alopecia. 

There is drawne forth of the kernels of Peaches,with Peniroyall water, a inice likevynto milke. 
which is good for thofe that haue the Apoplexy : if the fame be oftentimes held in the mouth it 
draweth torth water and recouereth the {peech, : 

The gum is of a meanc temperature, but the fubftance thereof is tough and clammy, by reafon 
whereof it dulleth the fharpnes of thin humors: it ferueth ina looch or licking medicine for thofe 


that be troubled with the cough,and haue rotten Iungs.and fto itti i 
| g é t gs, ppeth the fpitting and raifing ypof 
bloud, and alfo ftayeth other fluxes. Wisc My 


Cuap, O5- 


Of the eAprecockeor eA brecocke tree. 


1 CArmeniaca malus maior. 2 Armeniacamalus minor 
“4 i ~ ° 
The greater A precocke tree, 


ff The leffer Aprecocke tree, 
nnd Wun itn Ole oe 


NY 2 


MNS ss 
TS 
S\ Miss 

Ba 


y 


@ The Defcription. 
x His tree is greater than the Peach tree, and hatha bigger body, it lafteth longer,efpes 
| cially if it be grafted or inoculated : the leaues hereof are broad, and fharpe pointed, 
like thofe ofblacke Poplar,but leffer,and comming more neere to the leaués of birch, 
iges: the floures are fomewhat white : the fruit round like a peach, yellow within 
nich doth liea browne ftone, nothing roughatall as is that of thé Peach, fhorter 
iwhich is included afweet kernell. 
another fort of Aprecocke, whofe trunk or body is equall with the other in great- 
) in Jeaues and brittle branches : his time of flouring,flourifhing, and manner of 
he only pointwherein they differ is, that this tree bringeth forth leffe fruir, 
in every other refpe & it is like. 
tizfon hath fet forth diuers varieties; and my forementioncd friend M*. 
th thefe fiue forts ; the common,the long and great,the Muske,the Barbary,and the early 
rorcke + = = 


é- ReOCAC, f 
t 


nicked in th 


= gg 
~~ O 


nefle, it is li} 


growing accorde 
and not fo good intaft 

+ OfthisalfoM 
Millexha 


ay The 


aoeeeemiiee ee 


Lie. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1449 


q The Place. ‘ 


Thefe trees do grow in my garden, and now adaies inmany other gentlemens gardens through- 
outall England, 


q The Time, 
They floureand flourith in Aprill, and their fruit is ripe in Tuly. 


q The Names. 

This tree iscalled in Greeke, wont apumaxt sin Latine, Malus Armeniaca : in Englith, Abrecocke 
tree,and A precocke tree. 

The fruit is named miaw Apanaxis, and of diuers oexdxme, oF Beecsnuer, which be words corru pted from: 
the Latine; for Precox in Latine is diuers times called Precoquum itisnamed «Malum Armenig~ 
cum,andcommonly Armeniacum : itis called in high-Dutch, QP olletters GPBoatlelin. S, Johans 
fering :inlow-Dutch, Uroege wWerler, Auant gerber: in icalian, Avmntache, Bacoche,Grifo- 
mele, Momache - in French, 46ricoz : in Spanith, Alwarcoques, Aluarchicas,and Albercocs : in Englith, 
Abrecocke, and of fome, Aprecocke,and Aprecox. 

Galen feemeth to make a difference betweene Precocia and Armeniaca, in hisbookeof the Facul- 
ties of nourifhments, preferring Precocia before Armeniaca s yet he doth confeffe that both of them 
becalled Armensaca ; others pronounce them Armenia with foure fyllables. And in his booke of 
the faculties of fimple medicines he affirmerh, that both the fruit and the tree are called eogpin'emoy 2 
diuers of the larer Phyfitions dohetween rhefe alfo make a difference,faying,that the greater ones 
and thofe that are grafted be Armeniaca(which the French men call Awant Perfes )and the leffer Pra- 
cocia: in French, Abricos. 

| The Temperature and Vcrtues. 


Aprecocks are cold and moitt in the fecond degree, but yet not fo moift as Peaches, for which 
caufe they do not fo foone or eafily putrifie , and they are alfo more wholefome for the ftomacke, 
and pleafant to the tafte; yet dothey likewife putrifie, and yeeld but little nourifhthent, and the 
fame cold, moift, and full ofexcrements : being caken after meate they corrupt and putrifie in the 
ftomacke ; being firft eaten before othermeare they eafily defcend, and caufe the other meatés to 
paffe downe the fooner,like as alfo the Peaches do, 

The kernell within the {ame is {weet, and nothing at all like in facultie ro that ofthe Peach; 

‘The vertues of the leaues of this tree are not as yct found out, 


Cuar; 96. Of Pomegranat tree. 


© The Kindes. 


AS there be fundry forts of Apples, Peares, Plums, and fuch like fruits. fo thereare two forts 


of Pomegranates, the garden and thewilde, and a third (or which is barren and fruitles : the 
fruit of the garden Pomegranat is of three forts ; one bauing a ure iuyce or liquour ; another ha- 
uing avery {weet and pleafant liquor, and the third the tafte of Wine :of the wilde alfo there be 


two forts, and the difference betweene them is no more than betwixt crabs and weildings, which 


are both wilde kindes of Apples : therefore the def{cription of the garden Pomegranat fhal fuifice 
for the reft. ¥ 


@ The Defcription, 


I He manured Pomegranat tree groweth vp to the height ofa hedge tree,being feuen or 
a eight cubits high, hauing many pliant and twiggy branches, very limber, tough, and. 
of a browne colour: whereonare fet very many leaues in fhape like thofe of the Pri- 
uet, but more like thofe of the Myrtle tree, ofa bright fhining greene colour tending to yellow- 
nefle ;among{t which there ftand certaine fharpe thornes confufedly fet, and likewife hollow 
dfloures like vnto the hedge Rofe, indented onthe edges like a ftarre,of a Carnation colour, and 
very fingle : after which commeth the fruit, couered with a hard barke, of an ouerworne purplifh 
colour, full of graines and kernels, which after they be ripe are ofa gallant crimfon colour,and ful 
of iuyce, which differeth in tafteaccording to the foile,clymat,and countrey where they grow; 
fome be fiveet, others foure, and the third are ina middle betweene them both,hauing the tafte of 
Wine. ° 
ELffee 3 £2 The 


A 


B 
Cc 


SS 


Se 


1 Malus Granata, fine Punicae 
The Pomegranat tree. 


KS ( 
: S ay 


Balauffia, fine Pleni flores Gran fyl. 
The double floures of wild Pomegranat. 


aa 


Cy ranch 
U 


1450. Of the Hiftory of Plants. L1 - 3. 


2 Malus Punica{ylucftris. 
— The wilde Pomegranat. 


SEZ 


t+ 2 Thewilde Pomegranat tree is like the 
other in leaues and twigey branches,but it is more 
prickly and horrid : of this there are two forts, the 
one hauing fuch floures & fruitas the tame Pom- 
granat ; the otherbearing floures very double, as 
may appeare by the figure, which wither and fall 
away, leauing no fruit behind them, as the double 
floured Cherry doth, and diuers other herbes and 
trees alfo; & it is altogether barren of fruit:of this 
Diofcorides makes fundry {orts,differing in colour : 
One is white, faith he ; another yellowith red,and a 
third fort of the colour of the Rofe: this with red 
floures is beft knowne among the Apothecaries, 

@ The Place. 

Pomegranats grow in hot countries toward the 
South, in Italy, Spaine, and chiefely inthe king- 
dome of Granado, which is thought tobe fo na- 
med of the great multitude of Pomgranats,which 
be commonly called Granata:they grow inanum- 
ber of places alfo without manuring : yet being 
manured they profper better; for in gardens, vine- 
yards,orchards,and other like husbanded grounds 
they comevp more cheerefiully : I have recouered 
diuers yong trees hereof, by fowing of the feed or 
grains,of the height of three or foure cubits,atten- 
ding Gods leifure for floures and fruit, 

q The Time. 

The Pomegranate floureth in the moneths of 
May and Iune : the fruitis ripe inthe end of Au- 
guft. 


q The 


ss 


L ree gal. | Of the Hiftory of Plancs. 14st 


@. The Names, 

The Pomegranate'tree is called in Latine, Malus Punica: in Greeke, of the Athenians,i, and 
iia, aS Galen faith :in Englith, Pomegranate tree : the fruitis alfo named, or‘: in Latine,Malum 
Punicum : in (hops, Malun:,or Pomum Granatum : in high Dutch, Branatopfel sin low Dutch, gras 
tappel s in Italian, melagrano, and Powo Granate: in Spanith ,Granadas, and Romang : inFrench, 
Pommes Granades : in Bnglifh, Pomegranate, 

The floure of the fruitfull Pomegranate tree is called ofthe Grecians, @e- which is notwith- 
ftanding properly the cup of the floure: the Latines name ital {o Cytinus. 

The floure ofthe wildeand barren Pomegranate tree is called Bawsw - the Apothecarics doe 
likewife terme it Balaystinans, 

The pill or rinde of che Pomegranate which is fo much in vfesis named in Greeke om: in Latine; 
Malicorium,and Sidium » in {hops it iscalled Cortex granatorum.or Pomegranate Pill, 


qp The Temperature and Vertues. 

The iuicie grains of the Pomegranate are good to be eaten, hauing in them a meetly goodiuice: A 
they are wholefome for the ftomacke,but they all containe in thema thinand {mall nourifhment, 
or noneat all. 

The fiveet ones benot focold asthe reft, but they cafily caufe hot fwellings toarife, and they B 
are not fo much commended for agues. 

The foure ones,and efpecially if they be withall fomething harfh, doe euidently coole,dry, and Cc 
fomething binde. 

They are good for the heart burne , they repreffe and ftay the ouermuch vomiting of choler, 
called the Felonie: they area remedie againft the bloudy flixe,aptneffe to vomite, and vomite it 
felfe. 

There is made of the inice of thefe foure Pomegranats a fyrrup,which ferueth for the fame pur- E 

ofes,and is alfo many times very profitableagainft the longing of women with childe, vnlefte the 
coldneffe of the ftomacke be a hinderance thereunto. 


The feeds of the graines,and efpecially of the fower Pomegranat,being dried,do likewifecoole FE 
and binde. 


They {top the flix, ftay vomiting,and ftanch the {pitting vp of bloud, they ftrengthen the fto- G 
macke. 


Of the fame effec be the floures,both of the tame and wilde Pomegranate tree,being like tothe H 
feeds in temperature and vertues. 

They faften the teeth,and ftrengthen the gums, if the fame be wathed therewith. I 

They are good againft burftings that come by falling downe of the guts, ifthey be vfed in plai- K 
fiers and applied. S 

The rinde or pill is not onely like in facultie to the feeds, and both the forts of floures, butalfo I, 
more auaileable; for it cooleth and bindeth more forceably;it bringeth downe the hor {wellings of — 
the almonds in the throat,being vfed ina gargarifme or a lotion forthe throat, and it isa fingular 
remedy for all things that need cooling and binding. 

Diofcorides writeth,that there is alfo gathered a iuice out ofboth thofe forts of foures, which is M 
very like in facultie and vertue to Hypociffs,as the fame Author affirmeth. 

The bloffomes of the tame and wilde Pomegranates,as alfo the rinde or fhell thereof made into N 
pouder,and drunke ined wine,or boyled in red wine,and the deco@ion drunke, is good againft the 
bloudy flix,and all other iffues of bloud; yea it is good for women to fit over, & bathe themfelues 
in the decoction hereof: thefe forefaid bloflomes and fhels are good alfo to put into retraining 
pouders, for the ftanching of bloud in wounds. 

The feeds or ftones of Pomegranats dried in rhe Sun,and beaten to pouder, are of like operati- O 


onwith the floures : they ftop the laske and all iffues of bloud in man or woman,being taken in the 
manner aforefaid. 


D 


Cuar,. 97. Of the Quince Tree. 
@ The Kindes. 
c Olumella maketh three kindes of Quinces, Struthia, Chryfomeliana,and Muffelabue what manner 


ones they be hee doth not declare notwithftanding wee finde diuers forts differing as wellin ¢ 
Pe oe, forme, 


es ny apninnae 


Saw on BOGE RBA ne 


1452 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis.3. 


A 


D 
E 


F 


forme,as tafte and {ubftance of the fruit,wherof fome haue much core and many kernels.and others 
fewer. 


(Malus Cotonea. "| The Defcription. 
The Quince tree, 


nd sb Quince tree is not great, but groweth 
low and many times in maner of a {hrub = 
itis couered witha rugged barke,which hath 
on it now and then certaine feales : it fprea- 
deth his boughes in compaffe like other 
trees; about which ftand leaues fomewhat 
round, like thofe of the common Appletree, 
greene and Y{mooth aboue, and vnderneath 
foftand white : the floures be ofa white pur- 
ple colour:the fruit is like an apple,faue that 
many times it hath certaine embowed and 
fwelling diuifions:it differeth in fathion and 
bigneffe ; for fome Quinces are leffer and 
round truft vp together at the top with wrin- 
kles,others longer and greater: the third fort 
beafter a middle manner betweene both ; 
they are all of them fet with a thin cotton ot 
freeze,and be of the colour of gold,and hurt- 
full to the head by reafon of their ftrong 
fmell;they all likewife hauea kinde of cho. 
king tafte :the pulp within is yellow,and the 
feed blackith, lying in hard skins, as doe the 
kernels of other apples, 


q The Place, 

The Quince tree groweth in gardens and 
orchards, and is planted oftentimes in hed- 

as ges and fences belonging to gardens & vine- 
yards: it delighteth to grow on plaine and cuen grounds,and fomewhat moift withall, 
The Time. 
Thefe apples beripe in the fall of the leafe, and chiefely in OG@ober. 
4] The Names. 

The tree is called in Greeke gle wa: in Latine, Malus Cotonea: in Englifh,Quince tree. 

The fruit is named ptaw weorw : Malum Cotoneum,P omum Cydoniumand many times,Cydoninmwith- 
out any addition;by which name it is made known to the A pothecaries:it is called in high Dutch, 
MNuitten, Duittenopéeil, orsuttenopffel : in low Durch, Queappel : in Italian, Mele cotogne : in 
Spanith, odoyons -membrilhosand <M armellos : in French,Poemme de coing : in Englifh,Quince. 

| The Temperature and Vertues. i 

Quinces be cold and dry in the fecond degree,and al fo very much binding efpecially when they 
be raw: they haue likewife in them a certaine fuperfluous and excrementall moifture, which will 
not fuffer them to lie long without rotting : they are feldom eaten raw: being rofted or baked they 
be more pleafant, 

They frengthen the ftomacke,ftay vomiting, {top lasks, and alfo the bloudy flix. 

They are good for thofe that {pit vp bloud,or that vomit bloud,and for women alfo thathaue too 
great plenty of their monethly courfes. ‘ ; : : 

Simeon Sevhi wtiteth,that the woman with childe, which eateth many Quinces during the time 
of her breeding, fhall bring forth wife children,and of good vnderftanding. 

The Marmalade,or Coriniate,smade of Quinces and fugar,is good and profitable for th eftreng- 
thening of the ftomacke,that it may retaine and keepe the meat therein yntill it be perfectly dige- 
fted sit likewife ftayeth all kindes of fluxes, both of the belly and other parts, and alfo of bloud: 
which Cotiniate is made in this manner: 

Take faire Quinces, pare them,cut them in pieces, and caft away the core, then put vnto euery 
pound of Quinces a pound of fugar, and to euery pound of fugar a pinte of water : thefe muft bee 
boiled togerherouera ftill fire til] they be very foft,then let it be ftrained or rather rubbed through 
a ftrainer, or an hairy ficue,which is better,and then fet it ouer the fire to boile againe, aa 
; : iffe, 


Lis. 3. ~~ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 14.53 


ftiffe,and fo box it vp,and as it cooleth put thereto a little Rofe water,and a few gtaines of Muske, 
well mingled together,which will giue a goodly tafte vntothe Cotiniat. This 1s theway tomake 
Marmalade; 
Take Whole Quinces and boile them in water vntili they be as foft as a fcalded codling or apple, G 
then pill off the skin,and cut off the flefh,and ftampe it ina {tone morter ; then ftraine it as youdid 
the Cotiniate,afterward put it into a panto drie, but not tofeethat all: andvntocuery pound of 
the flefh of Qutinces,put three quarters ofa pound of fugar,and in the cooling you may put inrofe 
water and alittle Muske,aswasfaidbefore. — . 
There is boiled with Quinces oile which therefore is called in Greeke Melinon, or Oile of Quin- H 
ces,which we vie faith Dio/corides,{o oft as we haue need ofa binding thing. 
The feed of Quinces tempered with water, dothmakea mufcilage, ora thing like ielly,which I 
being held in the mouth, is maruellous good to takeaway the ronghneffé of the tongue in hot bur- 
ning feuers. : 
The fame is good tobe layed Vpon burnings or {ealdings,and tobe put into clifters againft the 
bloudy Alix; for it eafeth the paine of the guts,and alaieth the (harpneffe of biting humors, 
Many other excellent,dainty and wholefome confeGions are to be made of Quiinces,as ielly of 7 
Quinces,and fuch odde conceits which for breuitic fake I do now let pafle. i 


a 


Cuapr. 98. Of the Medlar Tree, 
@ The Kinds. 


"i ‘ "Here are diuers forts of Medlars,fome greater, others leffer : fome fweet, and others of a more 
harfh tafte : (ome with much core,and many great ftony kernels,others fewer:and likewifeone 


of Naples called 4ronia. 


I Mefpilus fativa. i 2 Mefpilus fativa altera. 
; The manured Medilar, : The other Garden Medlar} 
pre pur Gamamcn j 


7 wy 


iY 


TS 


oS 


" 


The 


~~ Of the Hiftory of Plants; = Lan. 3. * 


@| The Defcription. 


He manured Medlar tree is not great,the body whereof is writhed sthe boughes hard, 
noteafie tobe broken: the leaues be longer,yet narrower than thofe of the apple tree, 
darke,greene aboue,and fomewhat whiter and hairy below ; the floures are white and Sreat,hauing 
fiue leauesa piece: the fruit is fmal},tound, and hatha broad compaffed nauell or crowne at the 
top : the pulpe or meat is at the firft white,and fo harfh or choking, that it cannot be eaten before 
it become foft,in which are contained fiue feeds or ftones,which be flat and hard. 

+ 2 There isanotherwhich ditfereth from the laft defcribed, in that the leaues are longer 
and narrower,the ftocke hath no prickles-vpon it : the fruit alfo is larger and better tafted:in other 
refpedts it is like to the laft defcribed. This is the Melpilus fruétu preftantiore of Tragus and Me/pilus 
Domeftica of Lobel. £ ; 

3 The Neapolitane Medlar tree groweth to the height and greatneffe of an Apple tree,having 
many tough and hard boughes or branches, fet with fharp thornes likethe white Thorne, or Haw- 
thorne : the leaues are very much cut or tagged like the Hawthorne Jeaues, but greater, and more 
like Smallage or Parfley,which leaues before they fal from the tree do wax red:among thefe leaues 
come forth great tufts of floures ofa pale herby colour:which being paft, there fueceed {mall long 
fruit, leffer than the fmal left Medlar,which at the firft are hard,and greene of colour,butwhen they 


I 


be ripe,they are both foft and red, ofa fweet and pleafant tafte : wherein is contained three fmall 
hard ftones,as in the former,which be the kernels or feeds thereof, 
3 Me(pilus Aronia, £4 Chameme/pilus. 
The Neapolitane Medlar. Dwarfe Medlar, 


it 
if 4 There isa dwarfe kinde of Medlar growing naturally vpon the Apes, and hils of Narbone, 
Stes and on the rocks of Mount Baldus nigh Verona,which hath been by fome of thebeft learned eftee- 
} i, med fora kindeof Medlar: others, whofe iudgements cannot ftand with truth or probability,haue 
pati F { edittob “uous. OF 2 j i r e 
i fuppofed it to be Evonymus,of the Alpes : this dwarfe Medlar groweth likea {mallhedge tree, of 


AR four or fiue cubits high,bearing many {mal twiggie wands or crops,befet with many flender leaues 
i ae Ee 08 fae ee ne or z Stak lat cue 
green aboue,and ofa skie colour vnderneat h, in fhew like to adwarfe Apple tree,but the fruit is 

they BX es very 


“Linz, Of the Hiftory of Plants, 


ASS 


very like the Haw,or fruit of the white Thorneyand ofa ted colour. t The floures come forth in 
the Spring three or foure together,hollow,and of an herbie colour, it rowes in divers places of the 
Alpes : it is the Chamiemeilam of the Aduerf.and a Sapa Gefher'gof Clifiits. 

q é@ Place, L 

The Medlaatrees do grow in Orchards,and oftentimes in hedges among Briars and Brambles; 
being graftéd in awhite Thorne it profperethwonderfull well, ‘and bringeth forth fruit twife or 
thrife bigger than chofe that are nor grafted atall,almoft as great as little apples: we haue divers 
fotts of them in our Orchards. 

q The Time, 

It is very late before Medlars be fipe,which is in theend of O Rober, but the floures come forth 
timely enough. 

@ The Names, 

The firit is called in Greeke by Theophraftus warim : in Latine, Mefpila - inhigh Dutch, #efpelz 
haunt ; in low Durch, Mpitpetboorte’s in French,Ne/flier : in Englith, Medlar tree. 4 

The Apple or fruit is named in Greeke, whamay : 1 Latine likewife, Mefpilum : in high Dutch, 
Petpelse low Dutch, MPifpele : in Iralian,Neppo/o : in French, Neffle ; in Spanith, Nefperas:in En- 

lith,Medlar. 
* Diofcorides affirmeth,that this Medlar tree is called vam, and of divers, Sitanion: Galen alfo in 
his booke of the faculties of fimple medicines nameth this Eprmelwhich is called,as he faith, by 
the countrey men in Italy,/#edo,and groweth plentifilly m Calabria ; for vnder the name of Mefpi- 
lus,or Medlar tree,he meaneth no other than Tricocews, which is alfo named Aronia, 

The Neapolitane Medlar tree is called in Greeke damveand wan, Galen calleth it Epimelis. ; 

The fruit hereof is called Tricoccos,of the three graines or ftones that it hath:they of Naples call 
itU4Zarolo : andwemay nameitin Englifh,three graine Medlar,orNeapolitane Medlar,or Med- 
lar of Naples. 

| The Temperature, 

The Medlars are cold,drie,and aftringent,the leaues are of rhe fame nature : the dwarfe Medlar 

is dry, (harpe,and aftringent. 
@ The Vertues. 

Medlars do ftop the belly,efpecially when they be greengand hard, for after that they hauebeen A 
kepva while, fo that they become foft and tender, they doe not binde or {top fo much, but are then 
more fit to be eaten. 

The fruit of the three grain Medlar,is eaten both raw and boiled,and is more wholefome forthe B 
ftomacke. 

Thefe Medlars be oftentimes preferued with fugar or hony:and being fo prepared they are plea- C 
fant and delightfullto the tafte. 

Moreouer,they are fingular good for women with childe : forthey ftrengthen the ftomacke,and D 
ftay the lothfomneffe thereof. 

The ftones or kernels of the Medlars,made into pouder and drunke, doe breake the ftone,expell g 
grauell,and procure vrine. i 


nae ee ES a ee 


Cuap. 99. Of the Peare tree. 
@ The Defcription. 


T° write of Peares and Apples in particulat, would require a’ particular volume : the ftocké or 
kindred of Peares are not to be numbred:euery country hath his peculiar fruir:my felfe knows 
one curious in graifing and planting of fruits,who hath in one piece of ground,at the point of three 
{core fundry forts of Peares,and thofe exceeding good, not doubting but if his minde had been to 
feeke after multitudes, he might haue gotten together the like number of thofe of worfe kinds:be- 
fides the diuerfities of chofe that be wilde,expetience (heweth fundry forts: and therefore I thinke 
it not amiffe co fet downe the figures of [ome few with their feuerall titles,as well in Latine as En- 
glith,and one generall defcription for that,that might be faid of many, which to defcribe apart, 
were to fend anowle to Athens,orto sumber thofe things that are without number. 
¢ Our Auchorin this chapter gaue eight figures with feuerall titles to them, fo I pluckta peare 
fromeach tree,and put his title to it,bur nor in the fame order that he obferued, for hee made the 
Katherine peare tree the feuenth, which] hauénow made the firft, becatrle the figure expreffes the 
whole tree. ¢ q The 


ES A eR eRe 
14:6 Of the Hitterie of Plants. : L 13.3 


G The generall defcription. 

77 He Peare tree is for the moft part higher than the Apple tree, hauing boughes not fpreada- 
F scl tae growing vp in height. the body is many times great:the timber or wood it felfe is 
very tractable or eafie to be wrought vpon, exceeding fittomake moulds or prints tobe grauen 
on,of colour tending to yellownefle:the leafe is fomewhat broad,finely nicked in the edges,oreene 
aboue, and fomewhat whiter vnderneath:the floures are white: the Peares, that is to fay,the fruit, 
are for the moft part long,and in forme like a Top;but in greatnes,colour,{o:mg,and taft very much 
differing among themfelues , they be alfo couered with skins or coats of fundry colours:the pu'pe 
or meat differerh,as well in colour as taft:there is contained in them kernels,blacke when they 
beripe:the root growcth itrait downewith fome braunches running aflope. 


Pirws faperba, ine Katherina. 1 PyraPracocia, The Yenneting Peare. 
The Katherine Peare tree, 2 PyraTacobea, Saint lames Peare. 
3 Pyrum rezale. The Peareroyall. 


4 Pyrum Lalatinum, The Burgomot Peare, 
5 Pyrum Cydoninm, The Quince peare. 

6 Pyrum Fp {copatum.The bBithops peare. 

7 Pyrum hycmale, The Winter peare. 


@ The Place. ; 

The tame Peare trees are planted in Orchards,as be the apple trees, and by grafting though vp- 
onwilde ftockes,come much varietie of good and pleafant fruits. All thefe before fpecified, and 
many forts more,and tho!e moft rare and good, are growing in the ground of Matter Richard Poin. 
ter,a moft cunning and curious graffer and planter of all manner of rare fruits, dwelling ina {mall 
village neere London called Twicknam,and alfo in the ground of anexcellent graffer and painfull 
planter, M", Henry Bavbury,of Touthill ftreet neere Weltminftes, and likewife in the ground of a 

; J diligent and moft affetionate louer of plants M'.Warner neere Horfey downe by London, and in 

| diuers other grounds about London. + Moftof the beft peares are at this time to be had with M*. 

John Millen in Old-ftreet,inwhofe nurfery are ro be found the choifeft fruits this kingdom yeelds.¢ 
9 The Time, 

__ The floures do fox the moft part come forth in Aprill,the leaues afterwards : all peates are not 

tipe at one time; fome be ripe in Ioly,others in Auguft, and diucrs in September and later. 


— ie 


- 


q TheNgmes, 
N Greek deo, Or with a double re eames: in Latine, Py- 
rus Uroand, 


The tame or Orchard peare tree iscalledi 


urbanaot Cultina : OF Tarentinus in his Geoponikes érait«: in high Durch, Bijrbaum,iniow Dutch, 
4Peerboomt : in French, Porrzer, wey 

The Peare or fruirit felfe is called in Greeke inn : in Latine, Pyrum : inhigh Darch Sia a 
low Dutch, yDeere: 10 Italian,Pere : in French, Poyre : in Spanith,Peras : in Enelith,Deare | 

The Temperature and Vertues, : 

Leauing the diters and fundry fuxnames of Peares,let vs come to the faculties which the Phyfi- 4 
tions ought toknow;which alfo varie according tothe differences of their taftes: fur fome Peares 
are fweet,diuers fat and vn uous, others foure,and moft are harth,efpecially the wilde peares, and 
fome confift of diners mixtures of takes, and fome hauing no tafte at all, but as it werea. wa- 
terith tafte. AS ie 

All Pears are cold,andall have a binting qualitic and an earthie fubftance: bur the Choke pears B 
and tho that are harth be more earthiejnd the {weet ones Icfle: which {ubftance is fo full Of fu- 

erfluous moifure in fome,as that they annotbeeaten raw. All manner of Peares doebinde and 
ftop the belly,efpecially the Choke and hir(h ones,which are good to be eaten of thofe that-haue 
the laskeand the bloudy flix. : 

The harth and auftere Peares may with god fucceffe be laied vpon hot fiellings-in the begin- C 
ning, as may be the leaues Of the treewhich «both binde and coole. ; 

Wine made of the iuice of peares called itEnglith, Perry, is foluble, purgeth thofe thararenor D 
accuftomed to drinke thereofefpecially whetit is new; notwithftanding it isaswholfonieadrink 
being taken in {mall quantitie as wine; it comftrreth and warmeth the ftomacke,and cauferh good 
digeftion, 


Cuar. 100. Of be wilde Peare tree. 


q The lindes, 


AS there be fundry kindes of the manured Peares,fiare there fundry wilde,wherof towrite apart 
were to {mall purpofe:therefore one defeription w'h rheir feuerall. titles fhall be fafficient for 
their diftinctions. 


Pyrum flranzulatorium mains. q The gencrall Defcription, 
The great Choke peare. 


a ae wilde Peare tree grows LKeWwinos----, 

vpeght,full of branches, for the mots part 
Pyramies like, or ofthe fafhion ofa fteeple, 
not {pred abroadas is the Apple or Crab tree: 
the timby of the trunke or body of the tree is 
very firmand follid, and likewife fmooth , a 
wood veryfit to make diuers forts of inftru- 
ments of,aglfothehafts:of fundry tooles to 
worke with{, and likew ife ferueth to be cut in- 
tomany kines of moulds,not only fuch prints 
as thefe figure ire made of,but alfo many forts 
of pretty toies.ft coifes,breft-plates, and fuch 
like,vfed among pur Englifh gentlewomen:the 
branches are {mopth, couered with a blackith 
barke,very fragilebr eafie to break,w hereon do 
grow leaues,in fone greater, in other lefler:the 
Houresare like thok of rhe manured 'Pear-trée, 
yetfome whiter tha) others:the fruitdiffer not 
infhape, yet fome treater'than others ; but in 
tafte they differ among themfelues im divers 
points,fome are fharpt, foureand ofan auftere 
tafte; fome more pleafant,others harfh and bit- 
ter,and fome of fuch a choking tafte, that they 
are not to bé eaten of hors & wild beafts much 
leffe ofmen: they alfodiifer in ¢olour, every 
circumftance whereof to diftinguifh apart 
would greatly enlarge our volume,and bring to 
the Reader {mall profit or commioditie, 

Cgeses q Ths 


pee ee eee eee ee 
eo ae Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis, 3. 
ge eee 


1458 


2 Pyrum ftrangulatorinm minus, 


The {mall Choke peare. 


1 Pyram firangulatorinm MAUS » 


The great Choke peare: 


, @> uUA$ Cor ° 
3 Pyras fluefiris, “JUS Comin tans, 
The wilde hedge Peare tree. 


4 Pyres fylucftris minima, 
Thwilde Crab peare tree. 


Pores pedicularia, 


‘The Low fie wilde peare. 


6 pyrus Coruina, 
The Crow peare tree. 


q ThePlace, 

The wilde peares grow of themfelues 
without manuring in moft places, as woods, 
or inthe borders of fields, and neereto high 
waies. 

@ The Time. 

The time of wilde peares anfwereth the 
tame or manured peare, notwithftanding for 
the moft partthey are not ripe much before 
‘Winter. 

The Names. 

The wilde peare tree is called in Latine, 
Pyrus fylucftris and Pyrafter: in Greeke, «z4as: 
by which name both the fruit and tree are 
knowne. Peares haue divers fyrnames among, 
the antient Writers, and {pecially in Pliny, 
in his y s.booke. 1s-chapter,none of whia are knowne to the later Writers (ornot defired:)euery 
citie or every countrey haue names of t#mfelues, and peares haue alfodiuers names according to 
to the places. 

The Temperature . 

All peares are ofa cold temperatre, and the moft part of them of a binding qualitie and an 
earthie fubftance. ; 

“| The Vertues. 

The'vertues of the wilde peares fe referred vnto the garden peares as touching their binding 
facultie,but ate not tobe eaten, beaufe their nourifhmentis little and bad. 


Caap. 101. Of the eA pple tree. 
q The Kinds. 


He Latine name Mais teacheth far among the old Writers, and is common to many trees,but 

wewill briefely firft.ntreat of Mfal/,properly called Apple treeswhofe ftocke or kindred is fo 
infinite,that we haue thought it not amiffe,to vfe the fame order or method with Apples thatwee 
haue donewith peares,chat is,to giue them feuerall titles in Latineand Englifh, and one generall 
defeription for the wlole. 


@| The Defcription. 
He Apple tree kath a body or truncke commonly of a meane bigneffe,not very high, hauing 
longarmes or branches,and the fame difordered: the barke fomewhar plaine, and not verie 
rugged : the leaues bee alfo broad, more long than round, and finely nicked in the edges, 
The floures are whitith tending vntoablufh colour. The fruit or Apples doe differ in greatneffe, 
forme,colour, and tafte ; {ome couered withared skinne, others yellow or greene, varying inf- 


nitely 


Lis, 3. - Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1459 


nitely according to the foyle and climate, fome vety great,fome little,and many of a middle fort: 
fomie are {weet of tafte,or fomething foure;moft beota middle tafte betweene {weet and foure; the 
which to diftinguith I thinke it impoffible; norwithftanding I heare ofone that intendeth towrite 
a peculiat volume of Apples,and the v{e of them; yet when he hath done what hee can doe, hee hath 
done nothing touching their feuerall kindes to diftinguith,them, Thisthathathbeene faid thall 
fufficefor our Hiftorie. 

# Our Author gaue foure figures more out of Tabernamontanus,with thefe titles. 3. Malum 
reginate, the Queening or Queene of Apples. 5 Platomela five Pyra eftiua: The Sommer Peare- 
maine. 6 Plaiurchapia five Pyrahyematia : the Winter Pearemaine, ¢ ‘ 


1 Malw Carbonatia. 2 Malus Carbonarialongo frudtu. 
The Pome Water tree, The Bakers ditch Apple tree; 


SN 


QS y 
sR sy 


q The Place. 

The tame and graficd Apple trees are planted and fet in gardens and orchards made for that 
purpofe ; they delight togrow in good and fertile grounds: Kent doth abound with apples of 
moft forts. But I haue feene in the paftures and hedge-rows about the grounds of a wor(hipful gen- 
tleman dwelling two miles from Hereford called Mafter Roger Bodnome,{o many trees of allforts, 
that the feruants drinke for the moft part no other drinke but that which is made of Apples; The 
quantity is fuch,that by the report of the Gentleman himfelfe,the Parfon hath fortithe many hog- 
fheads of Syder. The hogs are fed with the fallings of them, which are fo many, that they make 
choife of thofe Apples they docat,wwhowill not tafte of any but of the beft, Anexample doubrles 
to be followed of Gentlemen that haue land and liuing : but enuie faith,the poore wil breakdown, 
our hedges,and we fhal! haue the leaft part of the fruit)but forward in the name of God, graife, fet, 
plant and nourish vp trees in euery corner of your grounds, the labour is fmall, the co is nothing, 
the commoditie is great, your felues fhall haue plenty,the poore fhall hate fomewhat in time of 
want to relieue their neceffitie, and God fhall reward your good mindes and diligence. 

@ The Time. 

They bloom about the end of April, or in the beginning of May. The forward apples be ripe 

about the Calends of Iuly,others in September. " 
1 Ggesss 2 @ The 


pas ap et — 
1460 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. z, 


q The Names, 

The A pple tree is called in Greeke waia: in Latine, Malus and Pomus : inhigh Dutch, Doffela 

pau: in low Dutch, Bppelboom: in French,Pommier : in Englifh, Apple-tree. ; 

The Grecians name the fruit air: the Latines,Malwm or Pomum : in high Dutch, Dpfelt:in low 
Dutch, Appel : in French and Spanifh, Manfanas-in Englith, Apple. : 

«| The Temperature. 

All Applesbe of temperature cold and moift, and haue ioined with thema certaine exeremenz 
tall or fuperfluous morfture: but as they be not all of like coldnefie,fo neither haue they like quan 
titie of fuperfluous moitture. They are fooneft rotten that haue greateft ftore of moifture,and they 
may be longer kept in which there is lefle ftore : for the abundance of excrementall moifture is the 
caufewhy they rot. 

Sweet Apples are not focold and moift,which being rofted or boyled,or otherwife kept, retaine 
or keepe the foundneffe of their pulpe. f ; 

They yeeld more nourifhment,and not fo moift a nourifhment as do the other Apples, and doe 
not fo eafily paffe through the belly. 

Soure Apples are colderand alfo moifter : the fubftance or pulpe of thefewhen they be boiled 
doth run abroad,and retaineth norhis foundneffe : they yeeld a leffer nourifhment, and the fame 
raw and cold. 

They doeafily and fpeedily paffe through the belly, and therefore they do mollifie the belly, 
efpecially being taken before meat. 

Harfh or Auftere Apples being vnripe, are cold ; they ingender groffe bloud,and great ftore of 
winde,and often bring the Collicke. 
Thofe Apples which be of amiddle tafte containe in them oftentimes two or three forts of tafts, 
and yet do they retaine the faculties of the other. 
@ The Vertues. 

‘A Rofted Applesare alwaies better than the raw,the harm whereofis both mended by the fire,and 
may alfo be corrected by adding vnto them feeds or {pices. 

B “Apples be good foran hot ftomacke:thofe that are auftere or fomewhat harfh doe ftrengthen a 
weake and feeble ftomacke proceeding of heat. 

C — Applesareal{o good for all inflammations or hot fwellings , butefpecially for fuch as are in 

* theirbeginning,if the {ame be outwardly applied. 

D_ The inice of Appleswhich be feet and ofa middle tafte, is mixed in compofitions of diuers 
medicines,and alo for the tempering of melancholy hunours, and likewife tomend the qualities 
of medicines that are dry:as are Serapium ex pomus Reg isS aporis,Confectio Alkermes,and {uch like com- 

ofitions. 3 

E ‘ There is likewife made an ointment with the pulpe of Apples and Swines greafe and Rofe wa- 
ter,which is vfed to beautifie the face, and totake away the roughneffe of the skin,which is called 
: in hops Pomatum - ofthe Apples whereof it is made. 

E The pulpe of therofted apples, in number foure or fiue, according to the preatneffe of the Ap- 
plesyefpecially of the Pome-watcr, mixed ina wine quart of faire water, laboured together vntill it 
come tobeas applesand Ale, whichwee call Lambes Wooll, and the whole quart drunke laft at 
night,within the fpace of an houre, doth in one night cure thofe that piffe by droppes with great 
anguifly and dolour,the {trangurie,and all other difeafes proceeding of the difficultie of making 
water-but in twife taking it, it neuer faileth in any: oftentimes there happeneth with the forefaid 
difeafes the Gonorrhea,or running of the Raines, which it likewife healeth in thofe perfons, but 
not generally inall; which my felfe haue often proued, and gained thereby both crownes and 
credit. 

G The leaues of the treedo coole and binde,and be alfo counted good for inflammations, in the 
beginning. ] : Bn . 

Apples cut in pieces, and diftilled with a quantitie of Camphere and butter-milke, take away 

«the markes and fearres gotten by the {mall pockes, being wafhed therewith when they grow vnto 

‘ ' their ftateand ripenet{ : prou ided that you giue vnto the patienta little milk and Saffron,or mill 

and mithridate to drinke,to expell to the extreme parts that venome which may lie hid, andas yet 


‘ not feene. 


Pa han ae : 
yg 'Y H ' Cuap, 


I A AE BR Rt 
Lis.3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1461 


~Cuar. 102 Of the Wilding or Crab tree. 


@| The Kindes, 


| Bact asthere be diuers manured Apples, foare there fundry wilde Apples, or Crabs, whereof to 
write apart were tofmall purpofe,and therefore one defcription fhall fuffice for the reft. 


«| The generall Defiription. 


ea be diners wilde Apple trees not huf- 
banded, that is to fay,not grafted; the fruic 
whereof is harfh and binding: for by grafting 
both Apples and Pearés become mare milde 
and pleafant. Thecrab orwilding tree growes 
oftentimes toareafonable greatnefle, equalf 
with the Apple tree : the wood is hard, firme, 
and follid; the barke rough ; the branches or 
boughes many;the floures and fruit like thofe 
of the apple tree,fome red, others white,fome 
greater,others leffer : the difference is known 
toall,therefore it hall fuffice what hath been 
faid for their feuerall diftinGions : we haue in 
our London gardens a dwarfe kinde of fweet 
Apple,called Chamemalus, the dwarfe apple 
tree, or Paradife apple, which beareth apples 
very timely without grafting, 

+ Our Author here alfo (out of Taberna- 
montanus)gaue foure figures, whereof I onel 
retaine the beft,with their feueral titles. ¢ aa- 
lus {ylueftrisrubens, The great wilding or red 
Crabtree: 2 Malus fylueftrs alba. The white 
wilding or Crab tree : 3 Malus (ylueftris minor. 
The fmaller Crab cree : 4 Malus duracinafylue.. 
firs. The choking leane Crab-tree, t 

q The Place. 

The Crab tree groweth wilde in woods and 

hedge rowes almoft euery where. 


@] The Time. 
The time anfwereth thofe of the garden. 

@ The Names. 
Their titles doth fet forth their names in Latine and Englifh. 


The Temperature. 
Of the temperature of wilde apples hath beene fufficiently fpoken inthe former Chapter, 


q The Vertues. 

The iuice of wilde Applesor crabs taketh away the heate of burhings,fcaldings, and all inflam- 
mations ; and being laid on in fhort time after it is fcalded, it keepe th it from bliftering, 

The iuice of crabs or Veriuice is aftringent or binding,and hath withall an ab fterfiue or clenfing 
qualitie, beeing mixed with hard yeeftof Ale or Beere, and applied in manner of a cold oint- 
ment,that is,{pread vpon a cloth fir wet inthe Veriuiceand wrung out, and then laid to, takech 
away the heat of Saint Anthonies fire,all inflammations whatfoeuer,healeth fcab'd legs, burnings 
and {caldings wherefoeuer it be. 


Ggsgss3 Cuarg 


1462 Of the Hifterie of Plants, Lis. 5. 


neuen: 


Cuar. 103 Ofthe (itron,Limon,Orange, and Afhrian 
Apple trees. 


@ The Kindes. 


THe Citron tree is of kindred with the Limon tree,the Orange is ofthe fame houfe or ftocke} 


and the A ffyrian Apple tree claimeth a place as neereft in kinred and neighbourhood: where- 
ore I intend to comprehend them ali in this one chapter, 


@ The Defcription. 


I TT He Citron tree is not very great, hauing many boughes or branches,tough and pliable 
couered with a greene barke; whereon do grow greene leaues, long ,fomewhat broad,ve- 

ry {mooth, and fweet of {mell like rhofe of the Bay tree: among which come forth here and there 
cettaine prickles,fet far in funder : from the bofome whereof come forth {mal floures,confifting of 
fiue little leaues,ofa white colour tending to purple, with certaine threds like haires growing in 
the middle: the fruit is long,greater many times than the Cucumber, often leffer , and not much 


% (Malus medica. 
The Pome Citron tree, . 
Citius Wedacer 


2 Malus Limonia, 
The Limon tree, 


Cap, Ups 
hi 


gteater than the Limon: the barkeorrinde isof a light golden colour, fet with diuers knobs or 

- Sumps,arid of a very pleafant fmell: the pulpe or fubftance next vnto it is thick,white,hard,hauing 
a kinde of aromaticall or {picie fmell,almoft without any tafteatall: the fofter pulpe within that 
is not fo firme or folid,but more {pungie,and full ofa fower iuice, inwhich the feed lieth hid,grea- 
terand thicker than a graineof Barley. 
2 The Limon tree is like vnto the Pome Citrontree in growth,thorny branches,and leaues of 


a pleafant 


inl cien ina ipsa ccna aN as ck 
oe Of the Hiiterie of Plants. 14.63 


a pleafant feet {mell, like thofe of the Bay-tree: the floures hereof are whiter than thofe of the 
Citron tree, and ofa moft {weet {mel! : the fruit’ is long and thicke, leffer rhanrhe Pome Citron: 
the rinde is yellow, fomewhat bitter in tafte, and {weet of fmell: the pulpe is white, more in quan- 
titie than that of the Citron,refpeéting the bignes ; in the middle part whereof is conteined more 
foft fpungie pulpe, and fuller of foute juice: the feeds are like thofe ofthe Pome Citron. 

3 Tle Orenge tree groweth vp to the height of a {mall Peare tree, hauing many thornie 
boughes or branches, like thofe of the Citron tree : the leaues are alfo like thofecf the Bay-tree, 
¢ but that they differ in this, rhat at the lowerend next the ftalke there isa leffer leafe madeal- 
moft after the vulgar figure of an heart,whereon the bigger leafe doth ftand,or is faftned:+ & they 
are ofa fiveet finell: the floures ate white, ofa moft pleafant fweet fmell alfo:the fruit 1s round 
likea ball,euery circumftance belonging co the forme is very well knowne to all; the tafte is 
foure, fometimes fweet,and often ofa tafte betweene both :the feeds are like thofe of the Limon, 


3 Malus arantiac 4 Malus Afyyria. 
The Orange tree. The Affyrian Apple tree. 
Dy Ss 
i 
— WH) 


Mls 


4° The Affyrian Apple tree is like vnto the Orange tree : the branches ate like : the leaues aré 
greater : the floures are like thofe ofthe Citron tree: the fruit is round, three times as big as the 
Orange : the barke or peeling is thicke, rough, and ofa pale yellow colout, wherein appeate often 
as itwere fmall clifts orcrackes :the pulpeor inner fub{tance is full of iuice , in tafte fharpe,as 
that of the Limon, but not fo pleafant : the feeds are like thofe ofthe Citron. 

@ The Place. 

The Citron, Limon, and Orange trees do grow efpecially on the {ea coafts of Italy, and on the 
Iflands ofthe Adriaticke Turrhene,and alfo Hgwan Seas, & likewife on the maine land,necr vnto 
meeres and great lakes : there isalfo great ftore of them in Spaine,but in places efpecially ioining 
tothe fea, or not farre off : they are alfo found incertaine prouinces of Francewhich lie vpon the 
midland fea. They were fitft brought out of Media, as not onely Plinie writeth, but alfo the Poet 
Virgil affirmeth in the fecond book of his Georgickes,writing of the Citron tree after this maner 4 


Media fert triftes fuccos,tardumaue faporem 
Felicis mali, quo non prafentius vllum, 
Pocula fi quando feu infecere nouercé, 
Ddhifcuernntque 


“in DOw> 


~~ Of the Hiftory of Plants: Lis. 32 


Mifcueruatque herbas,  noninnoxiaverba, 
Auxilium venit,ac membris agit atra venena, 
Ipfaingens arbos, facie(que fimillima Lauro s 

Et, fi non alinm late iattaret odorem, 
Laurus erit ; folia hand vilis labentiaventis ; 
Flos apprimetenax. Animas & olentia Medd 


Orafonent illo, & fenibus medicantur anhelis§ 


The Countrey Media beareth inyces fad, 

And dulling taftes of happy Citron fruit, 

Than which, no helpe more prefent can be had; 

If any time ftepmothers worfe than brute 

haue poyfon'd pots, and mingled berbs of fute 
With hurtfull charmes : this Citron fruit doth chafe 
Blacke venome from the body in euery place, i 
The tree it felfe in growth is large and big. 

And very like in fhew to th’ Laurell tree; 

And would be thoughta Laurell,leafe and twig, 
But that the fmell it cafts doth difagree : 

The floure it holds as faft as floure may be : 
Therewith the Medes a remedie do finde 

For ftinking breaths and mouthes a cure moft kinde, 
And helpe old menwhich hardly fetch their winde, 


G The Time. Yao 4 : 

Thefe trees be alwaies greene, and do, as Pliny faith, beare fruit arall times of the yere,fome fal: 
ling off, others waxing ripe, and others newly comming forth. ‘o 

q The Names. 

The firft is called in Greeke, mmteatxe s in Latine,Malus Medicaand Malus Citria : in Englith,Ci- 
tron tree, and Pomecitron tree. ‘ 

The fruit is named in Greeke, miro uededs : in Latine, Malum Medicum, and Malum Citrium + and 
Citromalum, Aimilyanys in Athenaus fheweth, that Inba King of Mauritaniahath made mention 
of the Citron, who faith that this Appleis named among them, Malum He/pericum : Galen denieth 
ittobecalled any longer Malum Medicum, but Citrium and faith, that they who call it medicum do 
it to the end that no man (hould vinderftand what they fay :the A pothecaries cal] thefeapples Ci. 
érones : inhigh- Durch, Citvis opffell, Citvinater ¢ in low-Dutch, Citroenest ¢ in Italian, Citroni, 
and Cedri : in Spanith, Cidras : in French, Citroas : in Englith, Citron Apple,and Citron. 

The fecond kinde of Citron is called in Latine,Limontum Malum ; in {hops,Limones : in French, 
Limons : in low- Dutch, Limoner: in Englith, Limon, and Lemon; 

The third 1s named in Latine, Malam anarantium or Canerantium - and of fomecAurantinm < of 
others, Aurengium, of the yellow colour of gold : (ome would haue them called Arantia,of Arantia 
um,a towne in Achaia or Arania, ofa countrey bearing that name in Perfia : it is rermed in Italian 
Arancio : in high- Dutch, qameranker ¢ in low-Dutch, AvacugieAppeles s in French, Pommes a’ 
Orenges : in Spanith, Naranfas : in Englith, Orenges, 

The fourth is named of diuers,Pomum A/fyrinm,or the Citron of A flyria,and may be Englifhed 
Adams Apple, after the Italian name ; and among the vulgar fort of Italians, Lomiz, of whom itis 
alfocalled Ponum Adimi,ot Adams Apple; and that came by the opinion of the common rude 
people, who thinke it to be the fame Apple which Adam did eate of in Paradife,when he tranfgref- 
fed Gods commandment ; whereupon alfo the prints of the biting appeare therein, as they fay:but: 
others fay thar rhis isnot the Apple, but that which the Arabians do call Mufa or Mofawhereof A- 
wicen,cap.295,maketh mention: for diuers of the lewes take this for that through which by eating, 
Adam offended, as Andrew Thenet {heweth. 

q The Temperature and Vertues. 

Allthefe fruits confift of vnlike parts, and much differing in facultie. 

The rindes are fweer of {mell, bitter, hot, and dry. 

Thewhite pulpe is cold, and containeth in it a groffe iuice,e{pecially the Citron, 

The inner fub{tance or pap is foure,as of the Citrons and Limons, cold and dry,withthinneffe 
of parts, 

The feed becaufe it is bitter is hotand dry. 

The rinde of the Pomecitron is good against all poy fons, for which caufe it is put into treacles 
and fuch like confe ions, 


Itis 


Lee, 3. Of the Hiftory ot Plants. 1465 


It is good tobe eaten againft a ftinkingrbreath, for itmaketh the breath fweet ; and being fo ta. G 
ken it comforteth the cold ftomacke exceedingly. 

The white, found, and hard pulpe is now and then eaten, but very hardly concoGted, and ingens Hf 
dreth a groffe, cold,and phlegmaticke inyce , but being condite with fugar, it is both pleafant in? 
tafte,and eafie to be digelted, more nourifhing, and leffe apt to obftrudtion and binding of ftop= 
ping. 

. Galen reporteth, that the inner iuice ofthe Pomecitron was not wont to be eaten, but it is now 1 
vied for fauce; and being often vfed, it repreffeth choler which is in the ftomaeke,and procures ap. 
petite : iris excellent good alfoto be giuen in vehement and burning feuers, and again all pefti- 
lentand venomous or infectious difeafes : it comforteth the heare, cooleth the inward parts, cut- 
teth, diuideth, and maketh thin, grofle, tough,and flimy humors. 

Of this forefaid tharpe iuice there is a fyrrup ptepared, whichis called in thops, Syrapus de Ace. K 
tofitate Citri,very good againft the forefaid infirmities. 

Such a firrup is alfo prepared of the fharpe inice of Limons, of the fame quality and operation, [, 
fo that in ftead of the one, the other will ferue very well. 

A dozen of Orenges cut in flices and put. into a gallon of watet, adding thereto an ounce of M 
Mercurie fublimate, and boiled to theconfumption of the halfe,cureth the itch and mangineffe 
ofthebody. 5 

Men inold time (as Theophraftus writeth in his fourth booke) did not cate Citrons, but were N 
contented with the fell, and to lay them amongft cloathes, to preferue them from Moths. 

As oftenas need requited they vied them againit deadly poyfons; for which thing they were © 
efpecially commended cuen by 7irgils verfes,which we haue before alledged. 

Atheneus,lib.;. hath extant a ftory of fome that for certaine notorious offences were condemned 
tobe deftroyed of Serpents, who were preferued and kept in health and fafetic by the eating of * 
Citrons. 

The diftilled water of thewhole Limons, rinde and all, drawne out bya glaffe Still, takes away Q 
tetters and blemithes of the skin, and maketh the face faire and {mooth. 

The fame being drunke prouoketh vrine, diffolueth the ftone, breaketh and expelleth ir. rR 

The rinde of Orenges is much like in facultie to tharof the Citrons and Limons , yet itis fo S$ 

T, 


much the more hotas it is more biting and bitter. 

Theinner fub {tance or foure pap which is full of iuice is of like facultie,or not much inferjour 
to the facultie of the pap of Citrons or Limons ; but the fweet pap doth not much coole or drie, 
but doth temperatly heate and moiften, being pleafant to the tafte : it ao nourifheth more than 
doth the foure pap, but the fame nourifhment is thin and little; and that which is ofa middle taft, 
hauing the fmacke of wine, isafter a middle fort more cold than fweet, and leffer cold than foures 
the {weet and odoriferous floures of orenges be vfed of the perfumers in their fweet {melling oint- 
ments, 

Two ounces of the inice of Limons, mixed with the like quantitie of the fpiritofwine, or the y 
beft Aqua vite (but the {pirit of wine rectified is much berter) and drunk at the firftapprochofthe * 
fit of anague, taketh away the fhaking prefently : the medicine feldome faileth at the fecond time 
of the taking thereof perfectly to cure the fame ; but neuerat the third time,prouided that the Pa- 
tient be couered warme in a bed, and caufed to {weat. 

There is alfodiftilled out ofthem ina glafle ftill,a water of a marvellous fweet {mell,whichbe. X 
ing inwardly taken in the weight of an ounce and a halfe, moueth {weat, and healeth the ague. 

The feed of all thefe doth kill wormes in the belly,and driueth them forth: ic doth alfomigh- 
tily refit poyfon, and is good for the ftinging of fcorpions, ifit be inwardly taken. 

Thofewhich be called Adams Apples are thought tobe like in faculties to the foure iuyce, 7 
efpecially of the Limons, but yet they be not foeffe Quall. ; 


Cuar.104. Of the Cornell tree. 


q The Defcription. 


He tame Cornell tree groweth fomtime of the height and bigneffe of a {mal tree,with a gteat 
numberof {prings : itis couered with a rugged barke: the wood or tinaber is very hard and 
dry,without any great quantity of {ap therein : the leaues are like vnto the Dog berry leaues,crum- 
pled rugged, and ofan ouerworne colour: the floures grow in {mall bunches before any leaues do 
appeare, of colour yellow, and of no great value (they are fo fmall) in fhew like the flouses Ps ie 
i OT Se. aa aa iue 


ee. 


1466 Of the Hiftory of Plants. L133. 


Clsntes dnting Oliue tree:which being vaded,there come 
The male Cornel tree. {mall long berries, which atthe firt bee 

: : greene, and red when they be Tipe ; of an 
auftere and harfh tafte, with a certaine 
foureneffe : within this berry is a {mall 
ftone, exceeding hard, white within like 
that of the Oliue, wherunto it is like both 
in the fafhionand oftentimes inthe big. 
neffe of the fruir. 

q The Place. 

This groweth in moft places of Germa- 
nie without manuring :it growes not wild 
in England. But yet there be fundry trees 
of them growing in the gardens of firchas 
loue rare and dainty plants,whereof I haue 
a tree or two in my garden, : 

q The Time. 

The tame Cornell tree floureth fome2 
time in February, & commonly in March, 
and afterwards the leaues come forth as an 
vatimely birch: the berries or fruit are ripe 
in Augutt. 


Gq The Names, 

The Grecians call it xp1ie : the Latines, 
Cornus : inhigh-Dutch, Cognelbaums in 
low-Dutch Cogtioele booms the italians, 
Corniolo : in French,Corniller : in Spanifh, 
Cornixolos : in Englith, the Cornell tree, 
and the Cornelia tree,of fome,long Cher- 
rie tree. 

The fruit is named in Latine, Cormums : 
inhigh-Dutch, Cognell s in low-Dutch, Cognoele sin Italian, Cornole : in Englith,Cornel berries 
and Cornelian Cherries. 

This is Cornus mas Theophrafti, or Theophraftus his male Cornell tree; for he ferteth downe two 
forts of the Cornell trees, rhe male and the female: he maketh the wood of the male to be found, 
' as in this Cornell tree ; which we both for this caufe and for others alfo haue made to be the male. 

The female is that which is commonly called Virga fanguinea,or Dogs berry tree, and Cornus fjlue- 
firs, ox the wilde Cornell tree, of which we will treat in the next Chapter following. 
: @ The Temperature and V ertues. 

A The fruit of the Cornel! tree hath avery harfh or choking tafte: it cooleth, drieth,and bindeth; 
yet may italfobecaten, as itisoftentimes. ; L 

B Tris a remedie againft the laske and bloudy flix, itis hurtfull toa cold {ftomacke,and increafeth 
the rawneffe thereof : the leaues and tender crops of the tree are likewife of an har(h and choking 
tafte, and do mightily dry. Hi WO yf} 

& | Theyheale greene wounds that are great and deepe, efpecially in hard bodies, but they are not 
{0 good for {mall wounds and tender bodies, as Galen writeth. 


Cuap. 105. 
Of the female Cornell or Dog-Bervy tree. 
i | The Defcription. 


ty Hat which the Italians call vive fanguinea,or the bloudy Rod,is like tothe Cornel tree,yet 
it groweth not intoa treé,but remaineth a fhrub : the yong branches thereof are iointed,and 

be ofan obf{cure red purple : they haue within a white fpongie pith likethatof Elder, but 
theold ftalks are hard and ftiffe, the fubftance of the which is alfowhite, and anfwerable to thofe 
ofthe Cornell tree : the leaues arealfo like, the middle rib whereof as alfo the brittle foot-ftalkes 
4 are fomewhat reddifh vat the top whereof {tand white floures in ff poky rundles, which eee into 
hig é ; erries, 


Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory ot Plants, ST ce 


Cornus femina. greene atthe firft, and ofa fhining black colour 
The Dog-berry tree. when they beripé,intafte vnpleafanc ; and not 
Pee to cared for of the birds, 
@ The Place, 
This fhrub groweth in hedges and buthes in 
euery countrey of England, 
q The Time. 
The floures come forth in the Spring in the 


monethof Aprill: the berries are ripe in Aus 
tumne. 


q@ The Names. 

The Italians do commonly call it Saaguine, 
and Sanguinello : Petrus Crefcentius termes it San- 
guinus and Matthiolus, Pirga fanguinea : Pliny, 
416.24, cap.to. hath writtena little of Virga San- 
guinea: Neither is Virga Sanguinea, faith hee, 
counted more happy , the inner barke whereof 
doth breake open the fcarres which they before 
hauchealed. It is anhard thing, or peraduen- 
ture arafh part, to affirme by thefe few words, 
that Pliny his Virga Sanguinea is the fame that 

. the Italian Sanguino is. This is called in high- 
Dutch, Harteiegel: in low-Durch, wilde Coa 
Noelle, that is to fay, Cornus fylueftris , or wilde 
Cornell tree: and in French, Cornellier fanuage : 
in Englifh, Hounds tree, Hounds berry, Dogs 
berry tree, Pricke-Timber: in the North coun- 
trey they callit Gaten tree, or Gater tree ; the 
berries whereof feem to be thofe which Chaucer 
calleth Gater berries: Yelerins Cordws nameth 
It fwAxals, that is to fay, Falfa or Spuria Cornus, 

falfe or baftard Cornell tree : this feemeth alfoto be Theophraftus his gets, or Cornus femina, fe- 
male Cornell tree. This hath little branches hauing pith within, ncither be they hard nor found, 
like thofe of the male : the fruit 1s "aon, that is, not fit to be eaten,and a late fruitwhich is not 
ripe till afterthe Auturnne AquinoGiall ; and fuch is the wilde Cornell tree or Gater tree, the 
yong and tender branches whereof be red, and haue (as wee haue written) a pith within; the fruit 
or berries be vnpleafant, and require a long time before they canbe ripe. 
@ The Temperature. 7 

Theberries hereof are of.ynlike parts; for they haue fome hot, bitter, and clenfing, and very 

many cold, dry, harfh, and binding, yet they haue no vfe in medicine, 
The Vertues. ‘ 

Matthiolus writeth, that out of the berries firft boiled, and afterwards preffed, there iffueth an A 
oylewhich the Anagnian countrey people dovfe in lamps: but it is not certaine,not very like,that 
the barke of this wilde Cornell tree hath that operation which Pliny reporteth of Virga Sanguinca ; 
for he faith,as we haue already fet downe, that the inner barke thereof doth break and lay open the 

{ears which they before haue healed. 


Cuap. 106. Of Spindle tree or Pricke-wood. 


a] The Defcription. 


I Rickewood is no high fhrub, of the bigneffe of the Pomegranat tree: it {preadeth farre 
with his branches : the old ftalks haue their barke fomewhat white; the new and thofe 
thatbe lately growne be greene, and foure fquare : the fubftance of the wood is hard, 

and mixed witha light yellow : the leauesbe long , broad, flender, and foft: the floures be Hee 
many ftanding vpon one foor-ftalke, likealmoft to a {poked rundle ithe fruit is foure Sree c 
aud containing fourewhite feeds,euery one whereofis couered with a yellow coat,which being ta- 
ken off giveth a yellow die. pos 


Of 


the Hiftori 


e of Plants, 


iyimews Theophrafti. 
olifh Prick-timpber tree. 


LAL ope urs) 


3 Euonymus Pannonicus. 
Hungarie Spindle tree. 
a 


<Sy 
. 


Crna 


enn Vy UA 
\ i 


VAL od U4 


L 13.3. 


2 Euonymws latifolins. 
Broad leafed Spindle tree, 


2 This other fore of Ewonymus groweth 
tothe forme ofan hedge tree,ofa meane big- 
neffe , the trunke or body whereof is of the 
thickneffe of a mans leg , couered with a 
rough or fcabbed barke of an ouerworn ruffet 
colour. The branches thereof are many,flen- 
der, and very even, couered with a greene 
barke whileft they be yet young and tender ; 
they arealfo very brittle, with fome pith in 
the middle like that of the Elder. The leaues 
are few innumber; full of nerues or finues di- 


_{perfed like thofe of Plantaine, in fhape like 


thofe of rhe Pomecitron tree, of a lothfome 
f{mell and bitter tafte : amongft which come 
forth flender footftalks very long and naked, 
whereon do grow {mall floures confifting of 
foure fmall leaves like thofe of the Cherrie 
tree, but leffer, ofa white colour tending toa 
bluth, with fome yellowneffe in the middle: 
after commeth the fruit, which is larger than 
the former, and as it were winged, parted 
commonly into foure,yet fomtimes into fiue 
parts; and opening when it is ripe,it fheweth 
the white graines filledwitha yellow pulpe. 
The root is tough and wooddy, difperfing it 
felfe farre abroad vnder the vpper cruft of the 


earth, 
2 The 


—e 


PLE SORES Oe a a cael 
Lib, 3. Of the Hiftory ot Plants. 14.66 


3 __ The fame Author fetteth forth another fort which he found inthe mountaines of Morauia 
and Hungary, hauing 2 trunke or ftocke of the height of three or foure cubits, conered with abark 
greene at the firft, afterward {prinkled ouer with many blacke {pots : the boughes are dinided to- 
ward the top into diuers {mall branches, very brittle arid ea fit to breake,whercon.ate placed Ieaues 
by couples alfo, one oppofite to another, fomewhat fhipt about theedges, in thape like thofe of 
the great Myrtle, ofan aftringent tafte at the beginning, after fomewhat hot and bitter :amongft 
which come forth {mall floures {tanding vpon long naked foot-ftalkes, con fifting of foure little 
leaues ofa bright fhining purple colour, hauing in the middle fome few fpots of yellow : after 
commeth the fruit, foure cornered, not vnlike to the common kinde, of a fpongious fury ftance,and 
a.gold yellow colour : wherein is contained not red berries like the other, but blacke,very like to 
thofe of Fraxinella, ofa fhining blacke colour like vnto burnithed borne ;which are deuoured of 
birds when they be ripe, and the rather becaufe they fall of themfelues out of their huskes, other- 
wife the bitterneffe of the husks would take away the delight, 

@ The Place. 

The firft commeth vp in vntoiled places,and among (hrubs, vpon rough bankes and heapes of 
earth; it feruethalfo oftentimes for hedgesin fields, crowing among({t Brambles and fuch other 
Thornes. ; 

The other forts Carolus Clufius found in a wood of Hungarie beyond theriucr Drauus , and alfo 
vpon the mountaines of Morauia and other places adiacent, 

i The Time, 

The floures appeare in Aprill ; the fruit is ripe inthe end of Auguft, or inthe moncth of ‘Sep- 

tember, 
Q The Names, 

Theophraffus calleth this thrub ‘ausiwuee, and defcribeth itin his third bookeé of the Hiftorie of 
Plants : diuersalfo falfly reade it Anonymos : Petrus Crefcentias calleth it Fufanwm, becaute fpindles 
be made of the wood hereof,and for that caufe it is called in high- Dutch, Spindelbaurtt, yet mok 
ofthem anhodlin :inlow Dutch, qapenhout: in [ralian, Fufano : in French, Fufiz, and Bonnet 
ée preitre : intnglith, Spindle tree, Prick-wood,and Prick-timber. 

The Temperature andVertues, 

This (hrub is hurtfull to all things,as Thcophraftus writeth, and nately to Goats :hee faith the Ap 

fruit hereof killeth;fo doth the leaues and fruit deftroy Goats efpecially,vnleffe they fcoure as wel 


vpwardsas downwards: if three or foure of thefe fruits be giuen toa man they purge both by vo- 
mitand ftoole, 


ee! Sn 


Cuars 107. Of the blacke Aller tree, 


q The Defcription. 


He blacke Aller tree bringeth forth from the root ftraight ftalkes diuided into diners brane 

ches : the outward barkewhercofis blacke, and that next to the wood yellow, and giueth a 

colour as yellow as Saffron : the fub{tance of the wood is white and brittle, with a reddith, 

pith in the midft : the leaues be like thofeof the Alder tree, or of the Cherry tree, yet blacker, and 

a little rounder : the floures be fomewhat white :the fruit are round berries, in which appeare a 

Certaine rift or chinke, as though two were ioined together, at the firft greene, afterwards red, and 
faft ofall blacke : in this there be two little tones : the root runneth along in the earth, 


G The Place.- 

The Aller tree groweth in moift woods and copfes : I found great plenty of it in awood a mile 
from [flington, in the way from thence toward a {mall village called Harnfey,lying vpon theright 
hand of the way ; and inthewoods at Hampfted neere London, and in moft woods in the parts az 
bout London, 

@ The Time, 
The leanes and floures appeare in the beginning ofthe Spring ; and the bertiesin Autumne? 


q The Names. : : 
This fhrub is called W4/nus nigra, or blacke Alder: and by others, Frangula: Petrus Crefcentins 
nameth it 4worzus - in low- Dutch, Sparkenhout, and oftentimes Piflhout, because boies make 
for them felues arrowes hereof :in high-Dutch, faulbaum: itis called in Englifh, blacke Alle 


tree ; and of divers Butchers pricke tree, 
Hhhhhh ‘ a] The 


eee 


—— 


"I 470 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lin. % 


Alnus nigra, fine Frangula. q The Temperature, 
blacke Aller tree, 
/ Narre 2 aaa f, ube, The inner barke of the blacke Aller tree 
(Un comme cy om 4 


is ofa purging and dry qualitie, 


q The Vertues, 

The inner barke hereof is vfed of diuers 
country men, who drink the infufion there- 
of when they would be purged : it purgeth 
thicke phlegmaticke humors,and alfo cho- 
Jericke, and not only by the ftoole, but ma- 
ny times alfo by-vomit, not without great 
trouble and paine to the ftomacke : it is 
thereforea medicine more fit for clownes 
than for ciuill people, and rather for thofe 
that fced groflely,than for dainty people. 

There be others who affirme that the dri- 
ed barke is more gentle, and caufeth lefler 
paine : for the greene bark (fay they) which 
isnot yet dried containeth in ita certaine 
fuperfluous moifture which caufeth cri. 
pings and vomitings, and troubles the fto« 
macke, 

The fame barke being boiled in wine or 
vineger makes a lotion for the rooth-ache « 
and is commended againft {cabs and filthi- 
neffe of the skin. 

~ The leaues are reported tobe good fod- 
D derfor eattell, efpecially for kine, and to caufe them to yeeld good ftore of milke. 


. Cuar.108. Of the Seruice tree. 
| | The Defcription. 
i. He Seruice tree groweth to the height and bigneffe ofa great tree,charged with many 


great armes or boughes which are fet with fundry fmall branches garnifhed with ma- 
ny great leaues fomewhat long like thofe ofthe Ath : the floures are white, and ftand 
Y5 z i 3 . a. 
in clufters, which turne into fmal! browne berries fomewhat long, which are not good to ae a 
a Pi ' 7 ot r } r > 
vntill they haue lien a while, and vntill they be foft like the Med lar, wheseco it is like in tafte an 
Operation. ; ; ‘ 2 we 
2 Thecommon Seruice tree groweth likewife to the height ofa great halla Solas ret 
dy ofa brownith colour, full of branches, fet with large difplayed leaues like pa aple or ze 
White- Thorne, fauing that they are broader and longer: the floures are white, and 2 in 7 3 
which being fallen, there come in place thereof fmall round berries, browne vpon one fic mee a - 
dith toward the Sun, of an vnpleafant tafte inrefpect ofthe former: inwhich are contained little 
blackith kernels, 
@ The Place, 
i i : : rees 
Thefe trees are found in woods and groues in moft places of England : there be many {mal t 


rae thereof ina little wood a mile beyond Iflington from London : in Kent it groweth in great aboun- 


ing’ 
i dance, efpecially about Southflect and Grauefend. + The later of thefe I haue feene growing 
Mf wilde in diuers places, but not the former in any place asyet. = 
ha q The Time, 


They floure in March, and theit frnitiis ripe in September, 


i q| The Names. 


i The firft is called in Grecke, % and ‘ov: in Latine, Sorbus in high- Dutch, Sopertocebauttt: a 
if Jow-Dutch, SHozbedboowm : in French, Cormier : in Englith,Semuice tree,and of ome after the La- 
tines, Sorbe tree, 


The 


~ Livi 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 147i . 


105 « Vienees ean aSupbis. 2 Sorbus torminals, Lin - 
st, Common Setuice tre 
coms lie : 
an Lees tet ols 


int Rea e ~3 
ras 4 @) Aah Wis 


‘The common Seruice tree is named of Pliny, Sorbus torminalis : inhigh-Dutch, Avettel, Cfchro- 
fel; and Wildes Spertwerbaumts in Englifh, Common Seruice tree, 
The berries or fruit of the Seruice tree is called *0#, or ov: in Latine, Sorbum : inhigh Dutch, 
SHprierling, SporopfFel sin low-Dutch, Spogbet : in Italian, Sorbe,and Sorbole : in French, Cor- 
me : in Spanifh, Serues, and Sorbas : in Englith, Seruice ;of fome, Sorbe Apple. 
The Temperature and V ertues. 

Seruice berries are cold and binding, and much more when they be hard, thanwhen they are 
mildeand foft : in fome places they are quickly foft, either hanged ina place which is not altoge~ 
ther cold, or laid in hay or chaffe : thofe Seruices are eaten when the belly is too foluble, for they 
ftay the fame ; and if they, yeeld any nourifhment at all, the fame is very little,groffe,and cold,and A 
therefore it is not expedient to eate of thefe or other-like fruits, nor to vfe them otherwife than in 
medicines. 

Thefe do ftay all manner of fluxes of the belly, and likewife the bloudy flixe; as alfo vomiting: 
they ftanch bleeding ifthey be cut and dried in the funne before they be ripe, and fo referued for 
vie: thefe we may vie diners waics according to the manner of the greife and grieucd part. 


Cuar. 109. Of the Afbiree. 


@ The Defcription. 


i He Ah alfo is an high and tall trae: icrifeth vp with a ftraight body, now and then of 
no {mall bignefle, now and then of a middle fize, and is couered witha {mooth bark : 
the wood is white, fmooth, hard, and fomewhat rough grained : the tender branches 

hereofand fuch as be new grownevp are fet with certaine ioints,and hauewithin a white and {pon- 
gie pith: but the old boughes are wooddy throughout,and be without either ioints or much pith: 
the leaues are long and winged, confifting of many ftanding by couples,one right againft another 
vpon one rid or ftalke, the vpermoft ofall excepted, which ftandeth alone ; of which every parti- 
cularane is long, broad, like toa fe, but fofter, and of a lighter greene, without any {weet 
Hhbhhk 2 frie] 


} : 
A if 
hm i 
aye). ' 
ie 
§ I ta 
IN 
ee, 
Oe 
" { 


i OPnye Ohad, 


{mell,and nicked round about the edges : out of the yonger fort of the boughes,hard to thefetting 
on of the leaves, grow forth hanging together many long narrow and flar cods, as it were likeal- 
moft to diuers birds tongues, where the feed is: perfected,which is of a bitter tafté: the roots be 
many, and grow deepein the ground, 


Fraxinus. q The Place, 
ce : 
ae anaes rl nut exccluor ° The Athdoth better profper in moift pla- 
\ ces, as about the borders of Medowesand Ri. 
SV uer fides, thanin dry srounds, 
@ The Time, 

The leaues and keyes come forth in Aprill 
and May, yet is notthe feed tipe before the 
fall of the leafe. 

q The Names, 

This tree is called in Greeke, mare, and of 
diuers, wx :in Latine, Fraxiaws + in high- 
Durch , Cfehernbaum , Cfchernhoits , and 
Stepnefeherss : in low-Dutch, Ctichen, and 
Effchenboom : in Ltalian,Fra/ino-in French, 
Frefne : inSpanith, Frefno, Fraxino, and Frei. 
xo: in Fnglith, Ath tree. 

The fruit like vnto cods is called of the A- 
pothecaries, Lingua Avis,and Lingua Pafferina: 
it may be named in Greeke, ‘Opssyacans : yet 
fome would haue it called Orncogloffirm : o. 
thers make O7vaus or the wilde Ath to be cal- 
led Orneogloffum : it is termed in Englith,Ath 
keyes,and 6f fome, Kite-keyes. 

@| The Temperature and Vertues, 

The leaues and bark of the Ath tree are dry 
aint moderatly hor: the feed is hotand dry in 
the fecond degree. 

The iuice of the leaues or the Jeaues them- 
felues being applied,or taken with wine, cure 
the bitings of vipers,as Diofcorides faith. 

C _ Theleaues of this tree are of fo great vertue againft ferpents, as that they darc not fo much as 
touch the rhorning and enening fhadowes of the tree, burt fhun them afar off, as Pliny teports,/4.16, 
cap.t2. Healfoathrmeth, that the ferpent being penned in with boughes layd round about, will 
fooner run into the fire,if any be there,than come neere the boughes of rhe Ath: and thar the Ath 
doth floure before the Serpents appeare,and doth not caft his leaues before they be gon againe. 

D We write (faith he) vpon experience, that ifthe ferpent be fet within the circle of a fireand the 

boughes, the ferpent will fooner run into the fire than into the boughes. Itisa wonderfull cour- 

tefie innature, chat the Ath fhould floure before thefe ferpents appeare,and not caft his leaues be- 

tore they be gon againe. y 
+ Both of them, that is to fay the leaues and the barke, are reported to ftop the belly :and being 

boiled with vineger and water, do ftay vomiting,1f they be laid vpon the ftomacke. ; : 

EB _The leaues and barke of the Ath tree boiled in wine and drunk, do open the ftoppings of the li- 
uer and {pleene, and do greatly comfort them. 

G _ Three or foure leaues of the Ath tree taken inwine each morning from time to time, doe make 

} Pap, thofe leane that are fat, and keepeth them from feeding which do begin to wax fat. ¢ 

. Sst The feed or Kite-keyes of the Ath tree prouoke vrine,increafe naturall feed,and ftirre vp bodily 

p SP lu fk elpecially being poudred with nutmegs and drunke. 


nah Pie wood is profitable for many things, being exalted by Homers commendations, and Achilles 


{peare, as Plinywriteth. The fhauings or {mall pieces thereof being drunke are faid to be petnici- 
ousand deadly,as Dofcorides affirmeth. 


ik The Leewhich is made with the A thes of the barke cureth the white fcurfe,and fuchother like 
fi toughneffe of the skin, as Pliny teftifieth. 


i CHAP. 


2 BRED SSE RET SESE ERR a 
Las. 3. Of the Eiftory of ‘Plants. 14.73 


Cuap. 110s 


! ‘Of the wilde eA/h, otberwife called Quicke-Beame or Quicken tree. 


Sorbus fylucftris, fine Fraxinus Bubula, q The Defeription, 
The Quicken tree, wilde A{h,or wilde Seruice tree. 
: Ska ag. eee *7*Hewilde Ath or Quicken Tree 

RiNeles c 4 Pena ferteth forth tor the wilde 
Seruice: this tree groweth feldome 
or neuer. to the ftature andheight of 
the Ath tree, notwithftanding ir 
growes to the bignes of a large tree : 
the Jeaues be great and long, and 
fcarcely be difcerned from the leaues 
of the Seruice tree: the floures bee 
white,and fweet of fmell,and grow in 
tufts,which do turne into round ber- 
ties,greene at the firft, but when they 
be ripe ofa deepe red colour, and of 
an vnpleafant tafte : the branches are 
as full ofiuiceas the Ofiar, which is 

~the caufe that boyes doe make Pipes 
of the barke thereof as they doe of 
Willowes, 
q The Place. 

The wilde Ath or Quicken tree 
groweth on high mountaines,and in 
thicke high woods in moft places of 
England, efpecially about Nampt- 
wich in Chefhire, in the Weilds of 
Kent, in Suffex and divers other pla- 
ces. 


qq. The Time, 
The wild Ath floures in May, and 
the berries are ripe in September. 


@ The Names. 

The Latines call this tree oraus,and oftentimes Sylueflris Fraxinus, or wilde Ath: and it is alfo 
Fraxint fhecies, ot akinde of Ath, for the Grecians(as not only Play writeth,but alfo Theephraftus) 
hath madé two kindes of Afh, the one high and tall, the other lowers the high and tall one is Fra- 
xints vulgaris, or the common A{h ; and the lower Oraus, which alfo is named ‘op: ware, OF Montana 
Fraxinus, mountaine Ath ,as the other, maui, or field Ath; which is alfo named sewuwe, or as Gaga 
tranflateth it, Bubyla Fraxinus,but more truly Magna Fraxinus,orgreat Ath ; for the fyllable sis 
a figne of bigneffe : this ova#s or great Ath is named in high-Dutch, gpatbauitt : in low-Duteh, 
Pauereficher, or Quevelchert, of diuers, Mualfter: in French, Frefne fauuage : in Englith, Wilde 
Ath, Quicken tree, Quick-beame tree,and Wicken tree. Matthiolus makes this tobe Sorbus flue. 
ftris, or wilde Seruice tree. 

@] The Temperature andVertues. : 

Touching the faculties of the leaues,barke, or berries, as thereis nothing found among the old, A) 
fo is there nothing noted among the later writers : but Pliny feemethto make this wilde Ath like oe 
in faculties to the common Ath ; for /ib.16. cap.1 3. where he writes of both the Athes, hee faith, 
that the common Ah is Crifpa,and the mountaine Ath Spi(fa : and forthwith he addeth this : The? 
Grecians write, that the leaues of them do kill cattell,and yet hurt not thofe that chew their cud ;- 
which the old writers haue noted of the Yew tree, and not ofthe Ath tree. Pliny was deceiued by 
the neerenefle of the words pinec and rie: uti is the Yew tree, and ua the Ath tree: fo that hee hath 
falfly attributed that deadly facultie to the Ath tree, which doth belong tothe Yew tree. 

The leaues of the wilde Ath tree boiled in wine are good againft the paine in the fides, and the 
ftopping of the liuer, and affwage the bellies of thofe that haue the tympanieanddropfic. | 

Bentd:étus Curtins Symphoryanus is deceined in the hiftorie of Ormus,when he thinketh outofVir- ¢ 
Sils Georgicks, that Orans hath the floure of the Peare tree ; for out of Virgils verfes no {uch thing at 

: Hhhhhh 3 all 


ae Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis.3. 


ection er eae 
all can be gathefed : for he in intreateth not of the forms of trees, but of the graffing of diuers into 
others, vnlike and differing in nature ; as of the graffing of the Nut tree into the Strawberry tree ; 
the Apple into the Plane tree, the Beech intothe Cheftnut tree ; the Peare into the wilde Ath 
or Quick-beame tree, the Oke into the Elme tree : and in this refpeé hee writeth, that the Plane 
tree bringeth forthan Apple, the Beech treea Cheftnut ; the wilde Ath tree bringeth forth the 
white floure of the Peare tree, as ismoft manifeft out of Virgils owne words, after this manner 

an the fecond booke of his Georgicks: WBehen (eh Las RachterkF 


Inferitur vero ex fetu ances Arbutus horrida, 
Et fferiles Platani malos geffere valentes, 
Caftanee Fagos : Ornus incanuit albo 

Flore Pyri,glandémque fues fregere [ub Vlmis, 


The Tree-Strawb’ry on Walnuts ftocke doth grow, 
And barren Planes faire Apples oft haue borne. 
Cheftnuts, Beech-Maft ; the Quicken tree doth fhew 
The Peares white floure ; and {wine oft times th’ Acorn 
Haue gathered vnder Elmes, —— 


| \ Cuar.ut. Of Coriars Sumuch, 
! Be ee Dev 
; i x Rhus Coriarias 2 Rhus Myrtifolia? 
1) Coriar Sumach. Wilde or Myrtle Sumach- 
— r Mar Connie ee nt bh ar 
’ i | : > GAY Ba 
: SD\\, 4 aa 
| ; 4 : = 4 S. sig) 


@ The Defcription? =~ : 


z Oriars Sumach groweth vp vnto the height of a hedge tree, after the manner of the 
' Fider tree, bigger than Déofcorides reporteth it to be, orothers, whoaffirme that Rhus 

groweth twocubits high :whofe errors are the greater s but this RAwsis fo like to the 
Tener emma fy 


»* 


——— 
ee 


a 
Lip. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 14.95 


cea ie ala AE eaten, °° oR ae RR Tc ee 
Seruice tree in fhape and manner of growing, that it is hard to know one from the other ; but char 
the leaues are foft and hairy,hauing ared finew or rib thorow the midft of the leafe: the floures 
grow with the leaues vpon long ftems cluftering together like cats taile, or the catkins of the nut 
tree,but greater,and ofa whitith green colour: after which come clufters of round berries 
ing in bunches like grapes, 

2 Pliny his Sumach,or the Sumach of Plinies defeription,sroweth likea {mall hedge tree, ha2 
uing many flender twiggie branches, garnifhed with little Jeaues like (Myrtus, ot rather liké the 
leaues of the Juiube tree;among which come forth flender moffie floures, of no gre 
Jue,which bring forth fmall feeds,inclofed within a cornered cafe or huske,fathio 
the trunke or body of both thefe kindes of Sumach being wounded with fome 
yeeldeth a gum or liquour. 


3 St OW 


at account Or Va- 
ned like a fpoon: 
iron Inftrument, 


q The Place, 


Sumach groweth,as Dio(corides faith,in ftony places : it is found in divers mountaines & woods 
in Spaine,and in many places on the mount Apennine in Iraly,and alfo neere vato Pontus. Archi- 
genes in Galen,in the 8. book of medicines according tothe places affected, {heweth,that it gtow- 
eth in Syria,making choice of that of Syria. 
The Time. 
The floures of Sumach come forth in Iuly,the feed with the berries are tipein Autumne, 
The Names. 
This is called in Greekejs: Rhus, faith Pliny,hath no Latine name, yet GaXaafter the fignificatia 
an of che Greeke word, faineth a name,calling it Fluide: the Arabians name it Sumach + the Itali- 
ans,S «macho : the Spaniards,Sumagre:in low Dutch,by contracting of the word they cal it Smack 
or Sumach: in Englith,Sumach,Coriars Sumach,and Leather Sumach: the leaties of the fhrub 
be called ‘pis eupnayn: in Latine, Rhus coriaria,or Rhoe, 
"The feed is named Eruthros : and ‘oveiind aja: in Latine,Rhws Culinaria,and Rhus obfeniorum:in En 
glifh,Meat Sumach,and Sauce Sumach. 
The Temperature, 
The fruit,leaues,and feed hereofdo very much binde,they alfo coole anddrie : drie they are in 
the third degree,ahd cold inthe fecond,as Galen teacheth. 5 
q The Vertues, q 
Theleaues of Sumach boyled inwine and drunken, do {top the laske, the inordinate courfeof 
womens fickneffes,and all other inordinate iffues of bloud. 
The feed of Sumach eaten in fauces with meat, ftoppethall manner of fluxes of thebelly, the B 
bloudy flix,and all other iffues,efpecially the white iffues ofwomen. 
The deco¢tion of the Jeaues maketh haires blacke,and is put into ftooles to fume vpward into G 
the bodies of thofe thar haue the Dyfenterie, and is to be giuen them alfoto drinke. 
The leaues made into an ointment or plaifter with hony and vineger,ftaith the {preading nature D 
of Gangrenes and Pterygia. 
The drie leaues fodden inwater vntill the deco@tionbeas thicke as hony, yeeld fortha certaine E 
oilineffe,which performethall the effects of Licium. 2 
The feed is no leffe effe@uall to be ftrowed in pouder vpon their meats whichare Celiaci or Dy- B 
fenterici, 


The feedes pouned, mixed with honieand the powdet of Oken coles , healeth the Hemor- G 
thoides. 


_ There iffueth out of the fhrub a gum,which being put into the hollowneffe of the teeth, taketh H 
away the paine,as Diofcorides writcth. ia 


——— en 


Cuar. 1123 Ofred Sumach, 
| The Defiription. 


z T Hefe two figures are of one and the felfe fame plant; the firft theweth the fhrub being in 

’ ™ floure: the other when it is full floured with the fruit growne toripenefle, notwithitan- 
ding fome haue deemed them to be of two kindes, wherein they were deceiued. 

f This excellent and moft beautifull Plant Cogeyerta (beeing reputed of the Italians and the 

Venetians fora kind of RAs or Sumach,becaufe it is vied for the fume purpofes whereto Rhus 7 

Bi Oe as Simm cy ate 


14.76 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis.3 

ueth and therein doth farre excell it) is an hedge plant growing not aboue the height of foure 
fue cubits,hauing tough and pliant ftalks and twiggiebranches like to Oziers, ofa brown colo te 
The leaues be round,thick,and ftiffe like the leaues of Capparés,in colour and {aor of Piffacialea ch 
or Terebinthwsamong whicharifeth a fmall vpright {prig, bearing many fmal cluftering fintte dies: 


nith yellow floures,vpon long and red ftalks. Afterwhich follow {mall reddith Lentill-like feeds 


/ 


that carry at the tops a moft fine woolly or flockietuft, crifped and curled like a curio 
filken feece,which curleth and foldeth it felfeabroad likea large buth of haires. sbesll ere 


LA 

i * ud hennhyalts. hs : sflas me 

ih rcogeycria Theophrafti. o Cotinus Coriarius Plinij, ’ 
if Venice Sumach. or Red Sumach, 109 
1 iy Rw Co tA ant 
1, 

ee) ee 

Aa 

wee 

TD | 9] 
i 

nie 


a Ee 


a ees he Place. 
Cogeyeria groweth in Orleans neere Auignion, and in diuers places of Italy, vpon the Alpes of 
Styria,and many other places. It groweth on moft of the hils of France, inthe high woods of the 


a vpper Pannonia or Auftria,and alfo of Hungaria and Bohemia, 
cae qq The Time. 


They floure and flourifh for the moft part in Iuly. 
q The Names. 


d . . The firt is called Cageygria, and Coccygria:in Englifh, Venice Sumach,or Silken Sumach;of P/é- 
4 


ny,Cotinus,in his 16.booke,1 8.chapter. There is,faith he,on mount Apenninea fhrub which is cal- 


led Cotinus ad lineamentamodo Conchyli coloreinfigmss,a 
: i wilde Oliue tree,from which this fhrub doth much 
iH} tinus Coriavia. Diuers would haue named it Scotinus,which name is not found in any of the old wri- 


aa H ters. The Pannonians do call it Farblauff : it is alfo thought that this fhrub is Cocgyersa Pliny, OF 
: i which inhis 1 .booke,22.chapter hewriteth in thefe words:Cogcyzriais alfo like to Vnedo in leafe, 
- 


nd yet Cotinus is Olcaster, or Olea (ylueftris, the 
differ,and therfore it may rightly be called Co- 


ia not fogreat;it hath a property to loofe the fruit with downe,which thing happeneth vntono other 


{i tree. 
Bs @] The Temperature. ? 
The leaues and flender branches together with the feeds are verymuch binding, cold and drie as 


be | _ the other kindes of Sumach are. qq The Vertues. 


The leaues of Cage yg7#a,or Silken Sumachare fold in themarkers of Spaine and Italy - reat 
ummes 


—_—— 


Lis.3. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 1477 


SS Eee — 
fummes of money,vnto thofe that dreffe Spanith skinnes, for which purpofe they are verie excel- 


lent. 
The root of Cotinus,as Anguillara noteth,ferueth to die with,giuing to wooll and clotha reddith B 


colour,which Pliny knew, fhewing that this fhrub(thatis to fay the root) is adJineamentamodo Con- 
shyly colore infignis. 


Cuar. 113. Ofthe Alder Tree; 


@ The Defcription, 


I i He Alder tree or Aller, isa great high tree hauing many brittle branches, the barke is 
of a browne colour, the wood or timber is not hard,and yet ic will laft and indure verie 
{ong vnder the water yea longer than any other timber whatfoeuer:wherefore in the fenny and fofe 
marifh grounds they do vfe to make piles and pofts thereof, for the ftrengthening of the walls and 
fuch like. This timber doth alfo ferue very well to make troughes toconuey waiter in ftead of pipes 
of Lead. The leaues of this tree are in fhape fomewhat like the Hafell,but they are blacker & more 
wrinckled,very clammie to handle,as though they were {princkled withhonie. Thebloffome or 
floures are like the aglets of the Birch tree:which being vaded,there followeth a {ealy fruit clofel 
growing eer big as a Pigeons egge,which toward Autumne doth open,and the feed falleth 
outand is loft. 


zcAhus, | $ 2 Alnus hirfuta, 
The Alder tree. Rough leaued Alder. 


i Te Unwr 


£ 2 Clufive and Bazhinehaue obferued another kinde of this which differs from the ordinary, 
in that it hath larger and more cut leaues,and thefenot fhining aboue, but hoary vnderneath: the 
catkins, asalfothe rough heads are not fo large as thofe of the former:the barke alfo is whiter.C/- 
fis makes ic his Alnus altera:and Banhine,his LAlpus hirfatus,or folio incano, $ ; 
Tie 


L1.3. 


ee 
ee 


RE i ies Sr RC TE ATI Omi ai 
14.78 Of the Hiftory of Plants: 
le a 

; @ The Place. 

The Aller or Alder tree delighteth to grow in low and moift waterith places. 

; @| The Time, 

The Aller bringeth forth new leaues in Aprill,the fruit whereof is ripe in September, = 

; @] The Names. 

This tree is called in Greeke wisws: in Latine,4/aus: Petrus Crefcenting nameth it LAmedanus: it 
is called inhigh Dutch,Crlenbawm and Cileenbaumt: in low Durch, Elfen and Cifer-boors ¢ in 
Italian, d/vo: in French, Au/ne : in Englith, Alderand Aller. 

: q] The Temperature, 
The leaues and barke of the Alder tree are cold,drie, and aftringent. 
The Vertues. 

The leaues of Alder ate much vfed againft hot fivellings,vicers, and all inward inflammations 
efpecially of the Almonds and kernels of the throat. BE 

“The barke is much vfed of poore countrey Diers, for the dying of courfe cloth,ca ppes,hofe, and 

5 fuch like into a blacke colour, whereunto it ferueth very well. ; 


oo 


= = 


Crap. 114. Of the Birch tree. 


Betula. G The Defcription. 
The Bitch tree. pie common Birch tree waxeth likewife 
(A Anka ahha 


agreat tree,hauing many boughes befet 
with many {mall rods or twigs, very limber 
and pliant : the barke of the young twigs and 
branches is plaine,fmooth,and full of fap,in 
colour like the Cheftnut;but the rind ofthe 
body or trunk is hard without, white,rough, 
and vneuen, full of chinkes or creuifes:vnder 
which is found another fine barke, plaine, 
{mooth,and as thin as paper which hereto- 
fore was vied in ftead of paper, to write vpon, 
before the making of paperwas knowne : in 
Ruffiaand thefe cold regions it ferueth in 


a s 


i ftead of tiles and flate to couer their houfes 
Sy withall ; this tree beareth for his floures cer- 
; A taine aglets like the Hafell tree,but {maller, 
Se wherein the feed is contained 
3g ained, 


gq The Place. 
This common Birch tree grows inwoods; 
fenny grounds,and meuntaines,in moft pla- 
ces of England. 


Mi 
SS 


REG 


eA The Time. 
. 4 The catkins or aglets do firft appeate,and 
| SZ then the leaues,in Aprill ora little later. 


q The Names. : 

T heophrafius calleth this tree in Greeke, 
onunite'd {ELS cane: OTHELS oivestit 1S named in La- 
tine, Btula:diuers alfowrite it witha double 


2 


i } U Betula, as fome of Plinies copies have itsit 
‘or tale a F, : : . iscalled in high Dutch, 2tvkenbaumt: in 
Po een Ai iow Dutch, Berckenboomt sin Italian, Bers- 
y SR ig) fa: by them of Trent, Bedallo : in French, Bouleas in Englith,Birch tree. 
| i q The Temperature and Vertues. : , i 
| | Concerning the medicinable vfe of the Birch tree,or his parts, there isnorhing exsanteither in 
: 


the old or new writers. “ a u 
This tree, faith Plizy in his 16-booke,18 .chapter, Mirabili candore & beieHitabe terribiles magiftrs- 
F tuum vireo : for in times paft the Magiftrates roddes were made heereot : and in our time alfo the 
Schoolemafters and parents do terrifie their children: with rods made of Birch. 

It feructh well to the decking vp of houfes,and banqueting roomes, for places of pleafure, and 
beautifying of ftreets in the croffe or gang wecke, and fuch like. pears 
‘ ‘oS ar 


Linz Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


Cuarv. us. Of the Hornebeame,or Hard beame Tree, 


Betul us, five Carpinus. @| The Defiription. 
The Hornebeame itsePy Ab ih OF 
Cariprmre 344 j Etulus,or the Hornebeam'tree grows great, 


and very like vntothe Elme,or Wich Hafel 

tree,hauing a great body : thewood or tim- 
ber whereofis better fot atrowes and fhafts,pul- 
leies for mills,and fuch like deuifes, than Elme 
or Wich Hazell; for in time it waxeth fo hard, 
that the toughne(ffe and hardneffe of it may be 
rather compared vnto horn than yntowood,and 
therefore it was called Hornebeame, or Hard- 
beame: the leaues hereof are like the Elme, fa- 
uing that they be tenderer: among thofe hang 
certaine triangled things, vpon which be found 
knaps,or little heads of the bigneffe of Ciches, 
in which is contained the fruit or feed : the roor 
is ftrong and thicke. 

q The Place. 

Betulus or the Hornebeame tree growes plen- 
tifully in Northamptonfhire 5 alfo in Kent by 
Grauefend,where it is commonly taken for a 
kinde of Elme, 

aq The Time. 
This tree doth fpring in Aprill, and the feed is 
ripe in September. 

@| The Names. 

The Hornebeam tree is called in Greek %i«, 
whichisasifyou fhould fay Coniucalss, or be- 
longing to the yoke,becaufe it ferueth well to 
make é« offin Latine, vga, yokes wherewith 
oxen are yoked together, which are alfoeuen at 
this time made thereof,as witnefleth Benedictus Curtius Symphorianus, and our felues haue fufficient 
knowledge thereof inour owne country;and therefore it may be Englithed Yoke Elme.It is called 
of fome,Carpinus and Zugia : itis al{o called Beru/us,as if it were a kinde of Birch,but my felfe bet- 
ter like that it fhouldbe one of the Elmes : in high Dutch, Aipoene: in French, Carve - in Ita- 
lian,Carpino : in Englith, Hornebeame, Hardbeame, Yoke Elme,and in fome places, Witch-hafell, 

| The Temperature and Vertues. 

This tree is not vfed in medicine,the vertues are not expreffed of the Antients, neither haue wee 
bs gy ate of our owne knowledge more than hathbeene faid for the vfe of Hut 

andric. 


‘ 


Cuap. 116. Of the Elme tree. 


¢ OY r Author onely defcribed two Elmes,and thofe net fo accurately but thatT thinke I 
fhall giue the Reader content,in exchanging them for better receiued from M*.Goodyers 
which are thefe. 


Vins vuleatifima folio lato(cabro. The conamon Elme. 


I © iba Elme isa very great high tree,the barke of the young trees, and boughes of the El- 
der,which are vfually lopped or fhred, is {mooth and very tough,and wil ftrip or pil from 

the wood a great length without breaking:the bark of the body of the old trees as the trees grow in 
bignefie, teares or rents,which makes it very rough, The innermoft wood of the tree is of reddith 
ithe yellow 


————— 


pa 1480: "Of the Hiftorie of Plants, L1s.3. 


yellow or brownith colous,and curled,and after it is drievery tough, hard to cleaue or rent,whereof 
aues of Carts are moft common!y made: the wood next the barke,which is called the fap,is white 
Before the leaues come forth the floures appeare,about the end of March,which grow on the twigs 
or branches,clofely compacted or thruft together, and are like tothe chiues growing in the mid- 
dle of moft floures,of a reddifh colour: afterwhich come flat feed,more long than broad,not much 
vnlike the garden Arach feed in forme and bigneffi,and doe for the moft part fall away before or 
fhortly after the leaues {pring forth,and fome hang ona great part of the Sommer:the leaues grow 
onthe twigges, of a darke greene colour ; the middle fize whereof are two inches broad, and 
three inches long, fome are longer and broader, fome narrower and fhorter, rough orharfh 
in handling on both fides,nickt or indented about the edges.and many times crumpled, hauing a 
nerue in the middle,and many fmaller nerules growing from him : the leafeon one fide of thenerue 
is alwaies longer than on the other. Onthefe leaues oftentimes grow blifters or {mall bladders, in 
which at the {pring are little wormes,about thebignefle of Bed-fleas. This Elmeis common in 
all parts of England,where I haue travelled. Ty 4 


Vmus minor folio angufto fcabro, 
The Narrow leaucd Elme, 


2 Thistreeis like the other, but much leffer and lower,the Jeaues arevfually about two inches 
and ahalfe long, and an inch or an inch and a quarter broad,nickt or indented about the edges, and 
hath one fide longer than the other,as the firft hath,and are alfoharfhor roughon both fides, the 


1 Vlas -valzariff. folio lato {cabro $2 Vinus minor folio suguite (cabyo. 
The common Elme tree, The narrow leaued Elme. 
Niece io AMS Hr eatntey (ivtasn URE es Con he PreX0tn1 - ante 


can 


DY 
/, 


: barkeorrinde willalfo {trip as the firft doth: hithertol haue not obferued cither the floures or 
feed, or blifters onthe Jeaues, nor haue I had any fight of the timber, or beard of any vfe 
thereof This kinde I haue feene growing but once, and that in the hedges by the high 
way asI rode betweene Chrift Church and Limmington in the New Forreft in Hampshire, 

about 


“Lak 34 Of the Hiftory of Plants. 14.81 


about the middle of September 1634. from whence I brought fone final! plants of ic, not afoot 
in length, which now, 1633. are rifen vp ten or twelue foor high, and grow with me by the firft 
kinde, but are eafily tobe difcerned apatt,by any that will looke on both, 


$3 Yiaus folio latiffimo fcabro, _ . 4 Vlous folio glatro, ; 
Witch Hafell,or the broadeit leaued Elmes Witch Elme,or fmooth leaued Elm tie 
Ulmias effrrsor. Wlelomous. Spi Pe; Ulnrred offrsor . Wilder, SpE. f 


Ub MA pve exes Aw, A mani : 4b Pyrite 


; Virtus folio latifimo feabro; 
Witch Hafell, or the broadeft leaued Elme? 


3 This gioweth to beavery great tree, and alfo very high, efpecially when he groweth in 
woods among{t other trees:the barke on the outfide is blacker than that of the firft, and is alfo ve. 
ty tough, fothat when there is plenty of fap it will ftrip or pecle from the wood of the boughes 
from the one end tothe other, a dozen foot in length or more, without breaking, whereof are 
often madecords or ropes : the tim er hereof is in colour neerelike the firft,it is nothing fo firme 
or ftrong for naues of Carts asthe fruit is, but will more eafily cleaue; this timber is al{o coue- 
red with a white fappe next the barke ; the branches or young boughes are grofferand bigser,and 
do fptead themfelues broader, and hang more downewards than thofe of he firt; the floures 
are nothing but chiues,very like thofe of the firkt kind:the feed is alfo like,but fomeching bigger; 
the leaues are much broader and loager than any of the kindes of Elme, vfually three or foure 
inches broad, and fiue or fix inches long, alfo rough or harth in handling on both fides, faipt or 
indented about the edges, neere refemling the leaues ofthe Hafell: cheone fide of the leaues are 
alfo moft com only longer than the other, alfo on the leaues of this Elmeare netin 23 blifters 
or bladders like thof on the firt kinde. This profpereth and naturally groweth in any foile 
moift ordry,on high hills‘and in low valties in good plenty in mo places in Hamp thire,wher it 
iscommonly called VVitch Hafell.Old men affirme,that when long boughes were in great vie, 
there were very many made of the wond Of this tree, for which purpofe it is mentioned in the 
fratutes of England by the name of VVitch Haell, as 8. E/. 10. This hath little affinitie with 
Carpinws which in Effex is called VVitch Hafell. 

Tititi Vinus 


Of the Hifterie of Plants. 


Vimus folio glabro. 
VVitch Elme, or fmoothleauen Elme. 


4 This kinde is inbigneffe and height like the firft, the boughes grow as thofe of the 
VVitch Hafell doe, that is hanged more downewards than thofe of the common Elme, the barke 
is blacker than that cf the firft kinde, it will alfo peele from the boughes:: the floures areg,like the 
firft, and’{fo'aré the feedssthe leaues in torme are like thofe of thé firft kinde,but are fihooth in 
handling on both fides. My worthy friend and excellent Herbarift of happy memorie M*, 772). 
am Coys of Stubbers in the parith ot Northokington in Effex told me, that the wood of this kinde 
was more defired for naues of Carts than thewood of the firft. I ebferued it growing very plenti- 
fully as Itode between ! ford and the faid Stubbers, in the yeere 1620. intermixed with the 
firftkinde, but eafily to be difeerned apart, and is in thofe parts vfually called VVitch Elme, + 


@ The Place. 

The firft kinde of Elme groweth plentifully inail places of England. The reft are fet forth in 

their defcriptions. : 
q The Time. 

The feeds of the Elme fheweth ir felfe firft,and before the leaues,it falleth in the end of April! 

at what time the leaues begin to fpring. 3 
a The Names. 

The firlt is called in Greeke,oate:in Latine,//mas:in high Dutch, Rutt Holts. Bullbanm, Wim 
Batt: in low Dutch, Dimer: in French,o7me,and Omean : in Italian, Olme . in Spanith, /’0 : in 
Englith, Elme tree. 

The feed isnamed by P linie and Colurella,Samera. The little wormes which are found with the 
liquor within the fmall bladders be named in Grecke, wim: : in Latine, Calicesand Muliones, 

The other Elme is called by Theophrajlis, etna; which Gaza tranflateth Montivlmss or moun. 
Hh] taine Elme Columellanaineth it Vernacula,or Nojiras Vlmas, that is to fay, salica,or Italian Bia. . 
it is called in low Dutch, devfeleer, and in fome places, Heerenteer, 


Bit May | q The Temperatureand Vertues. 
RY The leaues and barke of the Elme be moderately hot, with an euident clenfing facultie: they 
' have in the chewing a certaine clammie and glewing qualitie. i san ig 
; B The leaues of Elme glew and heale vp greene wounds, fo doth the barke wrapped and fwadled 
about the wound like aband. 

The leaues being ftamped with vineger do take away fcurffe. 

Diofcorides writeth, that one ounce weight of the thicker barke drunke with wine or water pur- 
geth flegme. — : 

The decoétion of Elme leaues,as alfo of the barke or root, healeth broken bones very fpeedily 
if they be fomented or bathed therewith. 

The liquor that is found in the blifters doth beautifie the face, and feoureth away all {pots, 
freckles,pimples, fpreading tetters, and fich like being applied thereto, 

It healeth greene wounds,and cureth ruptures newly made,being laid onwith Spleenwoort and 
the truffe clofely fet unto it. 


reer 


3 


bi 
be Cuar.u7. Of the Line or Linden Tree: 


“Au ei ‘ 
1 r P i 
A‘ 
ey 4) Ba) q The Defiription. Fs 
UBF) 
Pee i t © ee female Line or Linden tree waxeth very great and thicke, {preading forth his bran- 
ey ches wide and farre abroad, being a tree which yeeldeth a moft pleafant fhadow, vnder 
Ue an ei and withinwhofe boughes may be made braue fommer hou fes and banqueting arbors, 
Dh. RRL + a ecaufe the more that it is furcharged with weight of timber and {uch like,the berter ir doth flou- 
Peiahe tha | rith. The barke is brownith, very {mooth, and plaine on the outfide, but that which is next to the 
tid) fa | timber is white, moift and tough, feruing very well for ropes, trafes, and balters, The timber is 
7 i ne whitith, plaine and without knots, yeawery foft and gentle in the cutting or handling. Better 


gunpouder is made of the coles of this wood than of VVillow coles. The leaves are greene, 
fmooth, 


Lis, 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1483 


{mooth, fhining and large,fomewhat fnipt or toothed about the edges : the flourésare lictle, whi- 
tith,ofa good fauour,and very many itinumber, growing cluftering together from ont of the mid- 
dle of the leafe: out of which proceedeth a {mall whitith long narrow leafe: after the floures fuc- 
ceed cornered fharpe pointed Nuts,of the bignefle of Hafell Nuts. This tree feemeth to bea kinde 


of Elme,and the people of E flex about Heningham (wheras ereat plenty growethby the way fides) 
do call it broad leafed Elme, 


1 Tilia femina. 


2 Tilia mas, 
The female Line ttee. 


The male Line tree, 


2 The male Tilia or Line tree-groweth alfo very grearand thicke,{preading it felfe far abroad 
like the other Linden tree: his bark is very tough and pliant,and ferueth to make cords and halters 
of. The timber of this tree is much harder,more knottiejand more yellow than the timber of the 
other,not much differing from the timber of the Elme tree: the leaues hereof are not much volike 
Tuy leaues, not very greene, fomewhat fhipt about the edges: from the middle whereof come forth 
clufters of little white floures like the former:which being vaded, there fucceed fmall round pel- 
lets, growing cluttering together,like Iuy berties,within which is contained a little roundblackifh 
feed,which falleth out when the berry is ripe. 

@ The Place, 

The female Linden tree groweth in fome woods in Northampton fhite; alfoneere Colchefter, 
— in many places along ft the high way leading ftom Londonto Henningham,in the countie of 

ex. 

The male Lindentree groweth in my Lord Treafurers gardch at the Strand.and in fundry other 
places,as at Barn-elmes,and ina garden afSaint Katherines neere London. + The female growes in 
the places herenamed,but I haue not yet obferued the male. ¢ 

q The Time 

Thefe trees floure in May,and their fruit is tipe in Auguft. 

@ The Names. : 

The Linden tree is called in Greeke eatee: in Latine,77/a:in high Dutch, Linden,and Linders 
baum : in low Dutch Linde,and Lindenboomt ; che Italians, Tila : the Spaniards, Te7a; in French, 
Tikt and Tile! : in English, Linden treejand Line tree. ; 

‘ Tiiisi 2 The 


i se rE 


3484 «Of the Hliftory of Plants: a3 E15, 3. 


@| The Temperature. 

‘The barke and leaues of the Linden or Line tree, are ofa temperate heat, fomewhat drying and 
aftringent, | 
q The Vertues. 


‘A The leanes of Tila boiled in Smithes water witha piece of Allom and a little honey, cure the 
fores in childrens mouthes. j x 
B _ The leaues boiled vntill they be tender ; and pouned very {mall with hogs greafe, and the pou- 
der of Fenugreeke and Linefeed, takeaway hot {wellings and bring impoftumes to maturation 
being applied theretovery hot. : 
The floures are commended by diuers againft paine of the head proceeding of a cold caufe; 
againft diffineffe,the Apoplexie,and alfo the falling fickneffe,and not onely the floures,but the di- 
ftilled water thereof. } ; 
The leaves of the Linden (faith Theophraftws) are very fweet, and be a fodder for moft kinde of 
cattle: the fruit can be'catenof none, Pak Sy 


- pm a atte. di Aes 


Cuap. 18, Of the Maple tree. 


£4 Acer mains. Tt 2 Acer minus, 
creat lV le. ‘ " x 
. The great Maple ‘ The leffer Maple. 
Dai Ops rudollatamesd. Av cormnpertre.. 
; 7a asl 2 = 


ts fey ily |} ches and branc vhi i 
i Boodly boughes and branches, which make an excellent thadow againgt theheate of the Sun;vpon 
! ira. 5 which 


ie 
bho tee Bt 
Ll Ki if 
| 
pian || ih 
Pay) ; tat 
rt : i” 4) " 
; ; i q The Defiription. 
“6 1 1 : 17 
ae a] { . Rests sf. : * s 
mit | Ht ot rs Maple is a beautifull and high tree, with a barke ofa meane {moorhneffé: the fub- 
trial 1h i ance oF tae wood 1s tender and eafie toworkeon ; it fendeth forth on euery fide very many 
: 
‘ 


or 


“Linz > OF theHiftory of Plants, 1485 


which are great, broad, and cornered leaues, much like to thofe ofthe Vine, hanging by long red- 
dith ftalks : the floures hang by clufters,ofa whitith greenecolour; after them commeth vp long 
fruit fattened together by couples, one right againft another, with kernels bumping out ncereto 
the place in which they are combined: inall the other parts flatand thin like vnto parchment, or 
refembling the innermoft wings of grafhoppers : the kernels bewhite and little. : 
2  Thereisa {mall Maple which doth oftentimes come tothe bignes ofa tree, butmoft com- - 

monly it groweth low after the maner ofa fhrub : the barke ofthe young (hoots hereof is likewife 
{mooth;the fub {tance of the wood is white,and eafie to bewrought on: the féaues are cornered like 
thofe of the former,{lippery, and faftened with areddifh ftalke, but much leflér, very like in big- 
nes,and fmoothnes to the leafe of Sanicle, but that the cuts are deeper: the floures be as thofe of 
the former, greene, yet not growing in clufters, but vpon {poked roundles:the fruit ftandeth by 
two and two vpona ftem or foot-ftalke. 


qthe Place. 
The {mall orhedgeMaple groweth almoft euery where in hedges and low woods, 
The great Maple isa ftranger in England, only it groweth in the walkes and placesof pleafure 
of noble men,where it efpecially is planted for the thadow fake, and ynder the name of Sycomore 


tree. : 
G The Time. 


Thefe trees floure about the end of March, and their fiuit isripe in September, 


a The Ngmes, 

This tree is called in Greeke «édeunr : in Latine, Acer : in Englifh, Maple,or Maple tree, 

The great Maple is called in high Dutch, Ahogne,and yealdetcherne: the French men, Grand 
Erable,and Plafae abufiuely,and this is thought to be properly called eps : but they are far decei- 
ued that take this for P/atanus,or the Planetree,being drawne into this errour by the neerenefle of 
the French word, for the Plane tree doth much differ from this. ¢ This is now commonly(yernot 
rightly)called the Sycomore tree, And feeing vie will haue it fo, I thinke it were not vnfit tocallit 
the baftard Sycomore. + 

The other is called in Latine, Acer minor : in high Dutch, w@al{holdet:in low Dutch, Booghout: 
in French, Zrable : in Englifh,{mall Maple, and common Maple, 


@| The Temperature and Vertues . 
Wharvée the Maple hath in medicine we finde nothing written of the Grecians,but Pliny in his A 
14. booke,8 chapter affirmeth,that the root pouned and applied, is a fingular remedy for the paine 
ofthe liver. Serenss Sammonicus writeth,that it is drunke with wine againft the paines of the fide, 


Silatus immeritum morbotentatur acuto , 
Accen{umtinges lapidem ftridentibus undis. 
Hiac bibis : aut Aceris radicem tundis,cy una, 
(um vino capis: hoc prafens medicamen habetur, 


Thy harmeleffe fide if fharpe difeafe inuade, 
Inhiffing water quench a heated ftone: 
This drinke.Or Maple root in pouder made, 
Take off inwine,a prefent med’cine knowne,. 


eee. aan 


Cuar.119, Of the Poplar tree. 
q] The Kindes. 


9 Here be diuers trees vnder the title of Poplar,yet differing vety notably,as thall be declared in 
the defcriptions,whereof one is the white,another the blacke,and a third fort fet downeby P4- 
aywhich is the Afpe,named by him Lybca,and by Theophraftus, K erkis : likewife there is another of 

America,orof the Indies,which is not tobe found in thefe regions of Europe. 
Liiiii 3 q The 


——— aan 


1486 Z Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 3e 


@q The Defiription. 


I T He white Poplar tree commeth foone to perfeétion,and groweth high in fhore time,full 

of boughes at the top : the barke of the body is {mooth,and that of the boughes is like- 

wife white withall ; the wood is white,eafie to becleft ; the leaues are broad, deeply gathed,& cor- 

nered like almoft ro thafe of the Vine,but much leffer,fmooth on the vpper fide, glib,and fomwhar 

greene ; and on the nether fide white and woolly : the catkins are long, downy, at the firftofa pur- 

plith colour : the roots {pread many waies, lying vnder the turfe,and not grow ing deepe, and there. 
fore it happeneth that thefe trees be oftentimes blowne downe with the winde, 


x Populus alba. 2 Populus nigras 
The white Poplar tree», 
OP iin attra, 


The blacke Poplar tree, 


: 
yf Th DD nag Tee 


FS 


2  Theblack Poplar tree is as high as the white, and now and then higher, oftentimes fuller of 
boughes,and with a thicker body : the barke thereof is likewife fmoorh, but the fubftance of the 
wood is harder, yellower,and not fo white, fuller ofveines,and not fo eafily cleft:the leaues be fom- 
what long,and broad below towards the ftem,(harp at the point, and a little fnipt about the edges, 
neither white nor woolly, like the leaues of the former, but of a pleafant greene colour: amongft 
which come forth long aglets or catkins,which do turne into clufters : the buds which fhew them- 
felues before the leaues {pring out,are of a reafonable good fauour,of the which is made that pro- 
fitable ointment called Vngucntum Pepuleon. 

3. Thethird kinde of Poplar is alfo a great tree: the barkeand fubftanceof the wood is fome- 
what like that ofthe former: this tree is garnifhed with many brittle and tender branches, fer full 
of leaues.in a manner round,much blacker and harder than the blacke Poplar, hanging vpon long 
and flender ftems,which are for the moft part ftil wauering,and make a great noife by being beaten 
One to another,yea though the weatherbe calme,and {earce any winde blowing;and it is knowne by 
the name of the A fren tree: the roots hereofare ftronger, and grow deeper into the ground than 
thofe ofthe white Poplar, 

4 This ftrange Poplarwhich fomedocall Populus rotundifolia,in Englith,the round leafed Pop- 
{ar of India,waxeth a great tree,bedea with many goodly twiggie branches,tough and limmer like 


the 


~ L.3. 


~~ 


= 5 Populus alba folijs minoribus. 
The leffer leaued white Poplar. 
nwt 


jy) 


Canéed cond. 


= 


ie 
S 


f 


ty 
iy 


S 
A 
a 


NY 
¥ 


4. Popwlus Americana, 
The Indian Poplar tree, 


\ why a y 
“ | 


the Willow, full of ioints where the leaues 
do grow, of a perfe& roundneffe, faue where 
it cleaueth or groweth to the ftalk: from the 
bofoms or corners of thefe leaues come forth 
{mall aglets, like vnto our Poplar, but fmal- 
ler : the leafe is thick,and very like the leaues 
of Arbor Inde, butbroader, of an aftringent 
tafte, fomewhat heating the mouth, and {al- 
tifh, : 

5 There is alfo another fort of Poplar 
which groweth likewife vnto a great tree,che 
branches whereof ate knotty and bunched 
forth as though itwere full of {cabs or fores; 
the leaues come forth in tufts moft commen- 
ly at the end of the boughes, not cut or iag- 
ged, butrefembling the leaties of that “zri- 
plex called Res Anferinus ; in colour like the 
former, but the aglets are not fo clofely pac- 
ked gogether,otherwife it is like, 

gq The Place. 

Thefe trees doe grow in low moift places, 
as in medowes neere vnto ditches, ftanding 
waters and riuers. 

The fir kinde of white Poplar groweth 
not very commonin England, but in fome 
laces here and there a tree: 1 found many 
oth {mall & great growing ina low medow 

Fas turning 


oo 


-) 
P] 


wv) 


dont 


1488 = ~ Oana Hiftory of Plants. « Lip. 3. 


turning vp a lanear the farther end of a village called Black-wall, from London ;and inEfle 
solace called Ouenden, and in diuers other places. 

The Indian Poplar groweth in moft parts of the Iflands of the Weft Indies. 

&| The Time, 

Thefe trees dobud forth in the end of Marchand beginning of Aprill,atwhichtime the buds 
muft be gathered to ferue for Vneuentum Populeon, 

q The Names. 

The white Poplar is called in Grecke, aw : in Latine, Populus alba: of diuers, Farfarus, as of 
Plautws inhis Comedie Pemu/us,as you may fee by his words fet downe in the chap, of Colts-foor, 
pag. 813. 
de Ponies in high-Dutch, Poppelbaumt, Wetls Alberbaumts in low-Dutch,Albeel,of his ho- 
rieoraged colour, and alfo Albeetbooime ; which the Grammarians doe falfly interpret W#bies, the 
Firre tree: in Italian, Popelonero : in French, Peuplier blanc, Aubel,obel,or Aubeag : in Englifh,white 
Poplar tree, and Abeell, after the Dutch name. 

The fecond is called in Greeke, si, : in Latine, Populus nigra : by Petrus Crefcentius, Albarus:in 
high-Dutch, Afpets : in low-Dutch, opulier : in Italian, Popolo nero : in French, Peuplier noir : in 
Spanith, Alamo nigailho : in Englith, Poplar tree, blacke Poplar, and Pepler. The firft or new 
{prung buds whereof are called of the Apothecaries, Oculi Popul:,Poplar buds : others chufe rather 
to call it Gemma Populi : fomeof the Grecians name it Eaipuc “whereupon they grounded their er- 
ror, who rafhly fuppofed that thofe rofenny or clammy buds are not to be put or vfed inthe com- 
pofition of the ointment bearing thename (of the Poplar, and commonly called in Englifh, Po- 
pilion and Pompillion , but the berries thar grow in clufters,in which there is no clammineffe at 
all. 

They are alfo as far deceiued, who giuing credit to Poets fables, do beleeue that Ambercom- 
meth of the clammy rofin falling into the riuer Poo, 

The third is called ofdiuers, Populus tremula, which word is borrowed of the French men, who 
name it Tremble : it al{o receined aname amongft the low. Countrey men, from the noife and rart- 
ling of the leaues, vi Bateeler : this is that which is named of Pliny, Libyca : and by Theophr. Kepric, 
which Gaza calleth Popalss montana - in Englith, Afpe, and Aipen tree,and may alfo be called 
Tremble,after the French name,confidering it is the matter whereof womens tongues were made, 
(as the Poets and fome others report) which feldom ceafe wagging, 

| The Temperature andV ertues, 

The white Poplar hatha clenfing facultie, faith Galen, anda mixt temperature, confifting of a 
waterie warme effence, and alfo a thin earthy fubftance. 

The batke, as Die/terides writeth, to the weight of an ounce (or as others fay,and that more tru- 
ly, of little more than a dram) is a good remedie for the Sciatica or ache in the huckle bones, and 
for the ftrangurie. ? ‘ 
That this barke is good for the Sciatica, Serenus Sammonicus doth alfo write: 


Xat a 


Sapius occultus vidta coxendice morbus 
erfurit, & ereljus diro languore moratur 
Populus alba dabit medicos de cortice potus. 


An hidden difeafe doth oft rage and raine, 

The hip ouercome and vex with the paine, 

It makes with vile aking one tread flow and fhrinke . 
The barke of white Poplar is helpe had in drunke. 


The {ame barke is alfo reported to make a woman barren, if it be drunke with the kidney of a 
Mule, which thing the leaues likewife are thought to perform,being taken after the floures or reds 
be ended. 

The warme inice of the leaues being dropped into the eares doth take away the paine thereof. 

The rofin or clammy fubftance of the blacke Poplar buds is hotand dry,and of thin parts, atte- 
quating and mollifying : it is alfo fitly mixed acopis ¢ malagmatis : the leaues haue ina manner the 
like operation for all thefe things, yet weaker, and not fo effe Quall, as Galen teacheth. 

The leaues and yong buds of blacke Poplar doe affwage the paine of the gout inthe hands or 
feet, being made intoan ointment with May butter. 

The ointment made of the buds is good againft all inflammations, brufes,{quats,falls,and fuch 
like: this ointment is very well knowne to the Apothecaries. 

Panlus Aizineta teacheth to make an oile alfo hereof,called Agyrinum, ot oile ofblacke Poplar. 


CHAP. 


nr) 


Lin.3. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 1463 


Cuar, 120, Ofthe Plane tree. 


Platanus. | The Defcription, 
The Plane tree. 


He Plane isa great tree, hauing 
very Jong and farre {preading - 
boughes cafting a wonderfull 

broad fhadow, by reafon wherof it was 
highly commended and eiteemed of a- 
mong the old Romans: the leaues are 
cornered like thofe of Pala Chrifti, 
greater than Vine leaues, and hanging 
vpon little red foot-ftalkes : the floures 
are fmall and mofiie; and ofa pale yel- 
lowifh colour : the fruit is round like a 
. ball, ragged, and fomewhat hairy ; but 
in A fia more hairy and greater, almoft 
as big asa Walnut: the root is great,, 
difperfing it felfe far abroad: 
q) The Place, 

The Plane tree delighteth to grow 
by fprings orriuers : Pliny reports that 
they were wont to be cherifhed with 
wine : they grew afterward (faith he)to 
be of fo great honour ( meaning the 
Plane trees) as that they were cheri- 
fhed and watered with wine:and it is 
found by experience that the fame is 
/. very comfortable to the roots, and wee 
haue alreadie taught, that trees defire 
todrinkewine. This tree is ftrange in 
Italy, it isno where feene in Germany, 
Nor in the low-Countries:in Afia it 
groweth plentifully :it is found alfo 
in Candy, srowing in vallies, and neere vnto the hill Athos, as Petras Bellonius inhis Singularities 
doth declare : it groweth in many places of Greece, and is found planted in fome places of Italy, 
for pleafirre rather than for profit. My feruant William  Marfhall (whom I fent into the Mediterras 
nean fea as Surgeon vnto the Hercules of London) found diuers trees hereof growing in Lepanto, 
hard by the fea fide, at the entrance into the towne,a port of Morea, being a part of Greece, and 
from thence brought one of thofe rough buttons, being the fruit thereof. + There are one ortwo 
yong ones at this time growing with M*.Trade cant. "a 

The Plane trees caft their leaues in Winter, as Belonins teftifieth, and therefore it isno maruel 
that they keepe away the Sunin Sommer, and not atall in Winter : there is,fairh Pliny, no greater 
commendation of the tree, than that it keepeth away the Sunne in Sommer, and entertaineth irig 
Winter. 


Gq The Names. 


- This tree is called in Greeke, mémne: and likewifein Latine Platanus « it beareth his name ofthe 
bredth : the French mens Plafae doth far differ from this, which is a kind of Maple: this tree is na- 
med in Englifh,Plane tree. 

G The Temperature and ¥crtyes. 


The Plane tree is ofa cold and moift effence,as Gales faith : the greene leaves -are good tobe 
{aid vpon hot fivellings and inflammations in the beginning. ; } 

Being boiled inwine they ate a remedie for the running and the watering of theeyes, if they be 
applied. 

The barke and balls do dry :the barke boiled ia vineger helpeth the tooth-ache, 

The fruit of the Plane tree drunke with wine helpeth the bitings ofmad dogs and ferpents, and 
mixed with hogs greafe it maketha good ointment againft burning and fcalding. : 
¥The burned barke doth mightily dry,and feoureth withall ; it remoueth the white {curfe,and cu- 
reth moift vicers, ‘ 

ea The, 


Se ee ae 


ee ae 


——— LS 


aheea 


F 


———————— 


Of the Hiftorie of Planes. Lis.3. 


1490 
~The dutt or downe, faith Galen, that lieth on the leaues of the tree is tobe taken heed of, forif 


* it be drawne in with the breath, it is offenfiue to the winde-pipe by his extreme drineffe, and ma. 
king the fame rough, and hurting the voice, as it doth alfothe fight and hearing, if it fall intothe 
eyes OF eares. Diofcorides doth nor attribute this to the duft or downe of the leauesonely, but alfe 
to that of the balls. 

Cuae. 121. Of the Wayfaring Tree. 
Lantana, fine Viburnum, @| The Défeription, 
The Waytiringtree. 
i ne 


a He Wayfaring mans tree growes vp , to the 
height ofan hedge tree, of amean bignes ; 
the trunke or body thereof is conered with 2 
ruffet barke : the branches are Jong, tough, and 
eafie to be bowed, and hard to be broken, as are 
thofe of the Willow,couered witha foft whi- 
tith barke, whereon are broad leaues thicke and 
rough, fleightly indented about the edges, of a 
white colour, and fomewhat hairy whileft they 
be frefhand green ; burwhen they begin towi- 
ther and fall away, they are reddifh, and fer to- 
gether by couples one oppofit toanother. The 
floures ate white,and grow in clufters : after 
which come clufters of fruit of the bigneffe ofa 
peafe, fomewhat flat on both fides, at the firft 
greene, after red, and blacke when they beripe: 
the root difperfeth it felfe far abroad vnder the 
vpper cruft of theearth. 
@ The Place, 

This tree groweth in moft hedges in rough 
and ftony places,vpon hils and low woods,efpe- 
cially in the chalky grounds of Kent about 
Cobham, South fleet, and Grauefend,and inal} 
the tra& to Canturbury, 

@ The Time, 

The floures appeare in Sommer : the berries 
are ripe in the end of Autumne, and new leaues 
come forthinthe Spring. 


This hedge tree is called Vinrna of Rucllius : in French, Viorne, and Viorna : in Vtalian, Lantana 2 
it is reputed for the tree Viburnum,otwhich Virgil maketh mention in the firft Eclog, where hee 
commendeth the city Rome for the loftineffe and ftatelineffe thereof, aboue other Cities, faying, 
that as the tall Cypres trees do fhew themfelues aboue the low and fhrubby Viorn, fodoth Rome 
aboue other cities lift vp her head very high , in thefe verfes: 


Perum hac tantivm alias inter cuput exulit vrbes, 
Quantum lenta folent inter viburna cupre|s. 


But this all other cities fo excels, 
As Cypreffe,which ‘mong ft bending Viornes dwels, 


+ Liudge Viburnum not tobe a name to any particular plant, buta generall name toall low 


and bending, fhrubs , among{t which this here defcribed may take place as one. Lenquired of a 
countrey man in Effex, if he knew any name of this : he anfwered,it was called the Cottontree,by 


reafon of the foftnefle of the leaues. £ 
q] The Temperature. 45 
"The leaues and berries of Lantana are cold and dry,and of a binding qualitie. 


rr angen 
Lis. 3. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 14.91 


q The Hertues. 


The decoétion of the leaues of Lantana is very good to begargled in themouth againft al fwel- 4 


lings and inflammations thereof, againft the fcuruie and other difeafes of the gumsyand faftneth 


loofe teeth. : ; 
"The fame boiled in lee doth make the haires blacke if they be bathed or wafhed therewith, and 


ffered to dry of it felfe. f 
* The dattick are of the like facultie, the pouder whereof when they be dried ftay the laske,all if 


fues of bloud, and alfo the whites. ; Fv 10 
Iris reported, that the barke of the root ofthe tree buried a certaine time in the earth,and after- 


wards boiled and ftamped according to art, maketh good Bird-lime for Fowlers to catch Birds 
with. 


Cuar.122. Of the Beade tree. 


£ 2 Zizypha Cappadocica, 


x Zizypha candida. . 
The Beade tree of Cappadocia. 


: The Beadetree 
Melo 


Ob erat 
oe 


U 
eH 
s 


E; NN - 
AN Nea IAN 
iY 4 AY YS 
BO MT hh SSS) 


BES 


q The Defcription. 


t His tree was called Zizypha candida by the Herbariftsof Montpellier, and by the Vene- 
tians and Italians, Sycomorws, but vntruly:the Portugals hauetermed it Arbor Paradi- 

Xo: all which and each whereof haue erred together, both in refpeé of the fruit and of the whole 
tree: fome haue called it Z/zypha, though in facultie it is nothing like , for che tafte of this fruit is 
very vnpleafant, virulent, and bitter. But deciding all controuerfies, this is the tree which Awsces 
calleth UAzederach,which is very great, charged with many largearmes, that are garnifhed with 
twiggie branches, fet full of great leaues confifting of fundry {mall leaues, one growing right op- 
polite to another like the leaues of the A th tree or Wicken tree, but more deepely cur about the 
edges like the teeth ofa faw :among which come the floures, confifting of fine {mall blew leaues 


layd abroad in manner ofa {tarre: from the middeft whereof groweth forth a {mall hollow cup 
refembling 


B 
Cc 
D 


i492~—~—~—~S*S*«MO the HHifRory of Plants, Lis.3. 


ee 


a 


ae 


vet eo 
SS 


| 


zien te e/a (@ Yamba 


cea ST tin iT 


refembling a Chalice: afterwhich fucceedeth the fruit, couered witha brownifh yellow fh el,very 
like vnco the fruit of Luiubes (whereof Dodoneus in his laft edition maketh ita kinde) ofa tancke, 
bitter, and vnpleafant tafte, with a fix cornered ftone within, which being drawne on a firing. fer- 
ueth co make Beades of, for want of other things. ; 

2 Zizyphus Cappadocica groweth not fo great as the former,but is of a meane ftature,and full of 
boughes : the barke is {mooth and euen, and that which groweth vpon the trunke and great 
boughes is ofa fhining fearlet colour: out of thefe great armes or boughes grow flender twigges, 
white and foft, which are fet fullof whitith leaues, but more white on the contrarie or backe part, 
and are like to the Jeaues of Willow, but narrower and whiter : amongit thefe leaues come forth 
{mall hollow yellowith floures, growing at the iojntsof the branches, moft commonly three to- 
gether, and of a pleafant fauour,with fome few threds or chiues in the middle thereof. After 
which fucceedeth the fruit, of the bigneffe and fafhion of the fmalleRt Oliue, white both within 
and without, wherein is contained a fmal! ftone which yeeldeth a kernell of apleafang tafe, and 
very {weet. 

@ The Place, 

Matthiolus writeth, that Zizyphus candida is found in the cloifters of many monafteries in Iraly ; 
Lobel faith that it groweth in many places in Venice and Narbon ; and it iswont now of late tobe 
planted and cherifhed in the good|ieft orchards of all the low-Countries. 

Zizyphus Cappadocica sroweth likewife in many places of Italy, and {pecially in Spaine: it is 
alfo cherifhed in gardens both in Germany and in the low-Countries. + It gtoweth alfohere jn 
the gardenof M'. Joh Parkinfon. + NEA 9,0 

: Q The Time, 

Thefe trees floure in Tune in Italy and Spain ; their fruit is ripe in September ; but in Germany 

and the low-Countries there doth no fruit follow the floures. 
@ The Names, 

Zizyphus candida Auicen calleth Azederach,or as diuers tead it, AXederaeth:and they name it, faith 
he, in Rechi, arbor Mirobalanorum,ot the Mirobalane tree, but not properly, and in Tabraften,and * 
Kien, and Thihich. The laterwriters are far deceiued in taking itto bethe Sycomore tree ; and 
theyas much, that would haue it tobe the Lote or Nettle tree : it may benamed in Englifh,Bead, 
treg, for the caufe before alledged, ‘ 

The other is altera (pecies Zizyphi,or the fecond kinde of Iniube tree,which Columella in his ninth 
booke and fourth chap. dothcall Zizyphus alba, or white Iuiube tree, for difference from the other 
that isfyrnamed Rutila,or glittering red. Pliny calleth this Zizyphus Cappadocica, in his 21 booke, 
ninth chapter, where he entreateth of the honour of Ga riands,of which he faith there be two forts, 
whereof fome be made of floures, and others of leaves : would call the floures (faith he)brooms, 
for of thofe is gathered a yellow floure, and Rhododendron, alfo Zizyphawhich is called Cappadocica, 
The floures of thefe are fveet of fmell, and like to Oliue foures. Neither doth Columella or Pliny 
vnaduifedly take this for Zizyphus,for both the leaves and floures grow out of the tender and yong 
{ptung twigs,as they likewife do out of the former:the floures are very fweet of finel, and caft their 
fauor far abroad : the fruit alfo is like that of the former. 
| The Temperature. 


(Anicen writing and intreating of 4Zadaracth, faith, that the floures thereof be hor in the third 
degree, and dry inthe end of the fir, 


Zizyphus Cappadocica is cold and dry ofcomplexion. 
q The Vertues. 

The floures of Zizyphus, or AR adaraeth open the ob ftru tions of the braine. 

The diftilled water thereof killeth nits and lice, preferucth the haire of the head from falling, 
efpecially being mixed with white wine, and the head bathed with it. 

The fruit is very hurtfull to the cheft, anda troublefome enemic to the ftomacke ; it is dange- 
rous, and peraduenture deadly. 

Morcouer,it is reported,that the decoion of the barke and of Fumitoriewith Mirobalans ad- 
ded, is good for agues proceeding of flegme, 

The iuice of the vppermoft leaues with honey is a remed ie again{t poifon. 

The likealfohath Rhafis : the Beade tree, faith he, is hot and dry :it is good for ftoppings of 
the head , it maketh the haire long; yet is the fruit thereof very offenfine to the ftomacke, and of- 
tentimes found to be pernitious and deadly. 

Matthiolus writeth, that the leaues and wood bringeth death euen vnto beafts, and that the poy- 
fon thereof is refifted by the fame remedies that Oleander is, 

Zizyphus Cappadocica preuaileth againtt the difeafes aforefaid, but the decoGtion thereof is veric 
good for thofe whofe water fcaldeth them with the continual! iffuing thereof,as alfo for fuch as. 
haue the running of the reines and the exulcerations of the bladder and priuy parts. 


doo Rity? 


A looch 


a 
Lis, 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 14.93 


_ Alooch or licking me@icine made thereof or the fyrrup, is excellent good againft fitting of G 
bloud proceeding of the diftillations of fharpe or falt humors. 


The igure chat formerly wasin thefecond place, was of the narrow leaued kinde @f Gusjscum Pataviaum, which you fhall finde inthe fecond plase of thenexe 
chapter {us onc. 


Cuar. 123. Of the Lote,or Nettle tree. 


Lotus arbor. 
The Nettle tree. q] The Defcription, 


"Tie Lote whereof we write is a tree a$ 
big asa Peare tree,or bigger and higher: 
the body and armes are very thicke;the barke 
whereof is fmooth,ofa gallant green colour 
tending to blewneffe : the boughes are long, 
and {pread themfelues all about : the leaues 
be like thofe of the Nettle, fharpe pointed, 
and nicked in the edges like a faw, and dathe 
here and there with ftripes of a yellowifh 
white colour : the berries be round,and hang 
vpos long ftalkes like Cherriey of a yel- 
lowifh white colour at the firft, and after: 
wards red, but when they be ripe they be 
fomewhat blacke, 


q The Place. 

This is arare and {trange tree in both the 
Germanies : it was brought our of Italy, 
where there is found ftorethereof,as Matthi- 
olws teftifieth x I haue a fmall tree thereof in 
my garden. Thereis likewifea tree thereof 
in the garden vnder London wall, fometime 
belonging to M"™. Gray, an Apothecary of 
London; and another great tree in a garden 
neere Coleman ftreet in London, being the 
garden of the Queenes Apotheearie at the 
impreffion hereof, called M*, Hugh Morgan, 
a curious conferuer of rare fimples. The 
Lote tree doth alfo"erow in Africke, butit 
fomewhat differeth from the Italian Lote in fruit,as P/iny in plaine words doth fhew in his thir- 
teenth booke,feuenteenth chapter. That part of A fricke, faith he, that lieth towards vs, bringeth 
forth the famous Lote trée,which they call Celtis, and thefame well knowne in Iraly, but altered 
by the foile : it is as big as the Peare tree,although Nepos Cornelius reporteth it to be fhorter : the 
leaues.are full of fine cuts, otherwife they be thought to be like thofe of the Holme tree. There 
be many differences,but the fame are made efpecially by the fruit: the fruit isas Big asa Beane, 
and of the colour of Saffton,but before itis thorow ripe, it changeth his color as doth the Grape. 
It growes thicke among the boughes,after the manner of the Myrtle,not as in Iraly,afterthe man- 
net of the Cherry ; the fruit of it is there fo feet, as it hath alfo giuena name to that countrie and 
land, too hofpitable to ftrangers,and forgetfull of their owne countrey. i 

It is reported that they are troubled with no difeafes of the belly that eate it. The better is that 
which hath nokernell, which in the otherkinde is {tony : there is alfo preffed out of itawine, like 
toa {weet wine. which the fame Nepes denieth to endure aboue ten dates, and the berries ftamped 
with cAd/licaare referued inveffels for food. Moreouer we haue heard fay, that armies haue been 
fed therewith,as they haue paffed too and frothorow Africke.. The colour of the wood is blacke: 
they vfe to make flutes and pipes of it: the roor ferueth for kniues hafts,and other {hort workes 
this is there the nature ofthe tree : thus fatre Pliny. In the fame place he faith, that this renow- 
med tree doth grow about Syrtes and Nifamone: and in his 5. booke, 7. chapter he thewetk 
that there is not far from the leffer Syrtis,the Ifland Menynx, furnamed Lotophsgitss, of the plenty 
of Lote trees. 


KKkkkk rae 


14.94. Of the Hiftory of Plants. . Bia 3. 


Strabo in his 17. booke affirmeth,that not onely Menynx, but alfo the léffer Syrti 1s faid to be 
“Lotophagitis : firlt, faith he, lieth Syrtis a certaine long Ifland by the name ‘Cereinna, and another 
leffer, called Circinnitis ; next to this is the leffer Syrtis, which they cal] Lotophagiris Syrtis: 
phe compafle of this gulfe is almoft 1 600. furlongs ; the bredth of the mouth 600, By borh the 
capes there be Iflands ioined to the maine land, that is, Circinna and Menynx, of like bigneffe : 
they thinke that Menynx is the countrey of the Lotophagi, or thofe that feed of the Lote trees; 
of which countrie Homer maketh mention, and there are certaine monuments tobe feen, and Viyf- 
fes Altar,and the fruit is felfe, for there be in it great plenty of Lote trees,whofe fruit is wonderful 
{weet: thus faith Strabo. 

This Lote is alfo defcribed by Theaphraftus,in his fourth booke he faith, that there be very ma- 
ny kindes, which be feuered by the fruic : the fruit is of the bignes ofa beane, which when it wax- 
eth ripe doth alter his colour as grapes do : the fruit of which the Lotophagi do eate is fweet, 

leafant, harmeles, and wholefome for the belly, but that is pleafanter which is without kernels, 
and of this they make their wine. 

This Lote tree,as the fame Author affirmeth, is by nature euerlafting : as for example, the Lote 
trees whereof Pliny hath written inhis 16, booke, 44. chapter. At Rome, faith he, the Lote tree 
in Lycinas court,how much elder it was than the church of the citie,built in the yeere which was 
without magiftrates, 4.69. itis vncertaine : there is no doubt but thar it was elder, becaufe Lucina 
bare thename of that Lucws or groue. This is now about 450.yeeres old. That is elder which is 
furnamed Capillata, or hairie ; becaufe the haire of the veftall virgins was brought vntoit: but the 
other Lote tree in Vulcans church,which Romulus built by the victory of tenths is taken to be as 
oldas the citie, as Maffuriws witneffeth. 

gq The Time, 4 
They lofe their leaves at the firft approch of winter ; and recouer them againe in Aprill :the 
fruit is ripe in September. 
aq The Names. 
This tree is called in Greeke,ssée: in Latine by Pliny,Celtés:in Italian, Perlara. by thofe of Trent, 
{ Bagolaro: and in-Englifh,Lote tree, and Nettle tree. 
a ; q) The Temperature andVertues. 
. The Lote tree isnot greatly binding as Ga/en faith, but of thin parts,and of a drying nature. +2 
The decodion of the wood beaten {mally being eitherdrunke or vied clifterwife, is a remedy 
for the bloudy flix and for the whites and reds. 
; It ftoppeth the laske,and maketh the haire yellow, and as Galen addeth, keepeth haires from 
( alling: 
D The fhiuerso: final pieces thereof,as the fame Author alleageth, ate boiled fometimes in wa: 
ter, fometimes in wine, as need fhall require. 


O wp 


Cuar. 124. 


Of kaltan w ood of Life, or Pocke wood,vulgarly called Lignum vite, 
q The Defcription. 


I | Foe Lignum vite, or Wood of Life, groweth to a faire and beautifull tree, having a 
ftraight and vpright body, couered ouer with a fmooth and darke greene barke, ycelding 
| ‘. forth many twiggy peenciies. tat forth of goodly leaues,like thofe ofthe Peare tree,but of 
greater beautie,and fomewhat broader :among which commeth forth the fruit, growing clofe to 

. the branches, almoftt without {talkes: this fruit is round, and at the firft greene, but blacke when 
SiH) it is tipeas big as Cherries, of an excellent fweet tafte when it is dried : but this is not the Indian 
} a. eae sear dais whereof our pe ee bl: drinkes be made,burit isa baftard 

ucror,urie planted in the common E pi i 

Ry ' Hy ae eotetion, the on garden at Padua, by the learned Fallopius,who fuppofed it 
Ue hha ig <# 2 The leaues ofthis are longer and narrower than the former, but firme alfoand nervous 
like as they ar@s the fruiris in thape like Sebeftens,but much leffe,ofa blewith colour when it is 


Ei lotus.and T abernamontanus,Lot us Africana: whofe figure our Author in the laft chapter faueone gaue 
by vafitly for the Zizyphus Cappadocica. + 


| The Place. 
cntifully about Lugdunum, or Lions in France :1 planted it in 
the 


Guaiacum Patanisum groweth pl 


Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1495 


the garden of Barne-Elmes neere London two trees: befides, there groweth another in the garden 
of M‘, Gray an Apothecarieof London, and in my garden likewife. 


1 Guaiacum Patauinum latifolium. 2 Guaiacum Patawinum anguftifol, 
Broad leafed Italian Wood of life. Nartow leafed Italian Guaiacum: 


ij 
Cs 
MU, 


Mi 
My) 
is 


Yi 
a 


aS 
y 
A 


an e 
Sap 
Y Fe SS eke 
7 
=| 
H7 A 
‘ H 


SS 


iN H 
BAN Y 


a Wr 


LD Sh 


@ The Time, 1| 
It floureth in May, and the fruit is ripe in September. 
q The Names. 
Guaiacum Pataninum hath been reputed for the Lotus of Theephraftus : in Englith it is called the 
baftard Meuynwood. 
_+ This hath noaffinitiewith the true Indian Guajacumwhich is frequently vfed in medi- 
cine. $ 
The Temperature and Vertues, 
£ yutt fruit of this is thought to be of the fame temper and qualitie with that of the Nettle. 
tree. 


—— 


Cuaps 125. Of the Strawberry tree. 


q The Defiription. 


He Strawberry tree groweth for the moft part low,very like in bigneffe to the Quince tree 
(whereunto Déofcorides compareth it.) The body is couered with a reddifh barke, both 
rough and fealy :the boughes ftand thicke onthe top, fomewhat reddifh: the leaues bee 

broad, long, and fmooth, like thofe of Bayes, fomewhat nicked in the edges, and of a pale greene 
colour : the floures grow in clufters, being hollow and white,and now and then on the one fide 
fomewhat of a purple colour : in their places come forth certaine berries hanging downe vpon lit- 
tle long ftems like vnto Strawberries, but greater, without a ftone within,but onely with liccle 
feeds, at the firft greene, and when they be ripe they are of a gallant red colour, in tafte fomewhat 
harfhand in a manner without any relith ; of which Thruthes and Black-birds do feed in VV inter. 

Ao Eg Buen ss a3. gi Thi 


— 


a 


Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. Lies, - 


@ The Place, i 

The Strawberry tree groweth inmoft Coun? 
tries of Greece, in Candy, Italy, and Spainc,alfo 
in the vallies of the mountaine Athos,where,be- 
ing in other places but little, they become great 
huge trees, as P. Bellonius writeth.Iuba alfo tepor- 
teth, that there be in Arabia of them fifty cubits 
high. They grow only in fome few gardens with 
vs. 


a The Time. 

The Strawberry tree floureth in Iuly and Au: 
sult, and the fruit is ripe in September, after it 
hath remained vpon the treeby the fj pace of an 
whole yeare. 

q The Names. 

This tree is called in Greek, xéucese : in Latine, 
Arbutus : in Englith, Strawberry tree , and of 
fome, Arbute tree. ; 

The fruit is named in Creeke, benajanrer, OF aS 
others reade it, wueuar: in Latine, Memacylum, 
and Arbutis ; and Pliny calleth it Ynedo : Ground 
Strawberries (faith he)hane one bady,and Fnedo, 
much like vnto them, another body,which onely 
inapole is like to the fruit of the earth : The Ita- 
Lans call this Strawberry A/batro the Spaniards, 
Madrono, Medronheyro, and Medronho : in French, 
Arboutes, Arbous : It may be, termed in Englith, 
Tree Strawberry. 


a The Temperature and V ertues. 


A The fruit of the Strawberry tree is of a cold temperature, hurting the ftomacke, and caufing 


headache , wherefore no wholefome food, though it be eaten in fome places by the poorer fort of 
people. 


Cuar.126. Of the Pluntree, 


@ The Kindes. 

Oyrite of Plums particularly would require a peculiar volume,and yet. the end not tobe at: 

& tained vnto,nor the ftocke or kindred perfectly knowne,neither to be diftinguifhed apart; the 

number of the forts or kindes are not knowne to any one countrey :euery Clymat hath his owne 

fruit, far different from that of other countries . my felfe haue three fcore forts in my garden, and 

all ftrange and rare : there be in other places many more commonyand yet yearely commeth to our 

hands others not before knowne , therefore a few figures fhall ferue for thereft. + Let fuch as 

require a larger hiftorie of thefe varieties haue recourfe to the oft mentioned Worke of Mr‘. Par. 

kinfon : and {uchas defire the things themfelues may finde moft of the beft with M®, John Millen in 
Old ftreet. + Tv 

© The Defcrivtion. 

I He Plum or Damfontree is ofa meane bignefle:it is couered with a {mooth barke: 
the branches are long, whereon do grow broad leaves, more long than round, nicked 
in the edges ; the floures are white: the Plums do differ in colour, fafhion,and bignes, 

they all confift of pulpe and skin, and alfo of kernell, which is thut vp ina fhellor ftone. Some 
“Plums ate of a blackith blew, ofwhich fome be Jonger,others rounder,others of the colour of yel- 
low wax, diuters of a crimfon red.greater for the moft part than the reft, There be alfo green Plums, 
and withall very long, fiveet and pleafant tafte : moreouer, the pulpe or meate of fome is drier, 
and cafilier feparated from the {tone : of other-fome it is moifter,and cleaueth fafter: our common 
Damfon is knowne toall, and therefore not to be {food vpon, 


2 The 


a 
Ls. 3. Of the Hiftory ot Plants. 14.07 
1 Pruaus Domeftica, ; Prunus catirobalana, "" 


The Mirobalane Plum tree; 


WArnrs DP Bese Ie 


GP The Damfon tree. 


3 Prunus Amyedalina, 5 Prunus fylueftris, 


The Almond Plum tree. — The Sloe trees, 
“Miers Sormnepaiioss 


iz, Y 
ENA 
QE 


Kkkkkk 3 


se 


O 


14.98 fthe Hiftorie of Plants. Liz.3. 


aI . 
2 The Mirobalan Plum tree groweth tothe heightofa great tree, charged with many gyeat 
armes or boughes, which diuide them({elues into {mall twiggy branches,by means whereof it yeel- 


c - =) . . ; 
deth a goodly and pleafant fhadow : the trunke or body is couered witha finer and thinner barke 


than any of the other Plum trees : che leaues do fomewhat refemble thofe of the Cherry tree, they 
are very tender, indented about the edges : the floures bewhite: the fruit is round, hanging ypon 
long foot-{talkes pleafant to behold, greene in the beginning, red when it isalmoftt ripe, and being 
full ripe it gliftereth like purple mixed with blacke: the fleth or meate is full of inice pleafant in 
tafte : the {tone is fmal],or ofa meane bigneffe : the tree bringeth forth plenty of fruir euery other 
yeare. 

3 The Almond Plum groweth vp to the height of atrce ofa meane bigneffe : the branches 
are long, {mooth, and euen : the leaues are broad, fomthing long, and ribbed in diners places,with 
{mall nerues running through the fame : the floures are white, fprinkled with a little dath of pur- 
ple fcarcely to be perceiued : the fruit is long, hauing a cleft downe the middle, cf a browne red 
colour, and ofa pleafant tafte, 

4 The Damafcen Plum tree growerh likewife to a meane height, the branches very brittle,’ 
the leanes of a deepe green colour: the fiuit is round, of ablewith blacke colour : the ftone is like 
vnto that of the Cherry, wherein it differeth from all other Plums. 

5 The Bulleffeand the Sloe tree are wilde kindes of Plums, which do vary in their kind, euen 
as the greater and manured Plumsdo. Of the Bulleffe, fome are greater and of better tafte than 
others. Sloesare fome of one tafte, and fome of others, more fharpe ; fome greater,and others lef. 
fer; the which to diftinguith with long defcriptions were to fmall purpofe,confidering they be all 
and eulery of them knowne euenvato the fimpleft : therefore this thall fuffice for their feueral de- 
{criptions. ; 

Gg The Place, 

The Plum trees grow in all knowne countries of theworld : they require a loofe ground,they al- 
foreceiue a difference from the regions where they grow, not only of the forme or fa fhion, but e- 
{pecially of the faculties, as we will forthwith declare. 

The Plum trees are alfo many times grafted into trees of other kindes, and being fo ingraffed, 
they fuciem parentis, (uccum adoptionts, vt Plinius dicit, exbibent. 

The greateft varietie of thefe rare Plums are to be found in the grounds of M*. vincent Pointer of 


Twicknam, before remembred in the Chap. of Apples : although my felfe am net without fome, 
and thofe rare and delicate. 


The wilde Plums grow in moft hedges through England. 
@ The Time, 
The common and garden Plum treesdobloome in April : the leaues come forth prefently with 
them: the fruit is ripe in Sommer, fome fooner,fome later, 
a The Names, 
The Plummetree is called in Greeke, xoupanie: in Latine, Pruasus : inhigh-Dutch,49flaumetsa 
aust ; in low-Dutch, aupmens in Spanith, Cirvelo : in French, Prunier : in Englith, Plum tree. 
The fruit is called in Greeke, Keenpirn : in Latine, Pruaum : in high-Dutch, qflaumen ¢ in low- 


Datch,azupmen tin Italian and French,Prxve - in Spanith,Prunas : in Englith,Prune,and- Plum. 


Thefe haue al fo names from the regions and countries where they grow, 

The old Writers hauc called thofe that grow in Syria neere vnto Damafeus, Damafcena Pruna > 
in Englith, Damfons,or Damaske Prunes : and thofe that grow in Spain, Hi/panica,Spanifh Prunes 
or Plums. So in our age wevie to call thofe thar Stow in Hungarie,duwagarica, or Pannonica,Plums 
of Hungarie :fome, Gullica Pruna, or French Prunes, of the country of France. Clearcus Pertpateticus 
faith, that they of Rhodes and Sicilia docall the Damaske Prunes Brabula, 

| The Temperature and V ertues, 

Plummes that be ripe and new gathered from the tree, what fort focuer they are of,do moiften 
and coole, and yeeld vnto the body very little nourifhment, and the fame nothing good at all : for 
as Plummes do very quickly rot, fo is alfo the iuice ofthem apt to putrifie in the body, and like. 
wife to caufe the meate to putrifie which is taken with them: onely they are good for thofe that 
would keepe their bodies folubleand coole ; for by their moifture and flipperineffe they domol- 
lifie the belly, 

Dried Plums, commonly called Prunes, are wholfomer, and more pleafant to the ftomack,they 
yeeld more nonrifhment, and better, and fuch as cannot eafily puttific. It is reported, faith Galen in 
his booke of the ties of Nourifhments, that the beft doe grow in Damafcus acity of Syria , 
and next to thofe, they that grow in Spaine : but thefe doe nothing at all binde, yet diuers of the 
Damaske Damfon Prunes very much ; for Damaske Damfon Prunes are more aftringent,bur they 
of Spaine be fiveeter.Diofzorides faith, that Damaske Prunes dried do ftay the belly ; but Galen af- 
firmth, inhis books of the faculties of fimple medicines, that they domanifeftly loofe the belly, 


yet 


Lin; 3. j Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 1499 


yctlefferthan they thatbee brought out of Spaine; being boiled with Mead orhonied water, 
which hatha good quantitie ofhoncy in it,they loofe the belly very much (as the fame Authour 
faith) although a man take them alone by themfelues,and much more if the Mead be fupped after 
them. We mof commend thofe of Hungarie being long and fweet;yet more thofe of Morauia the 
chiefe and principall citie in times paft ofthe Prowince of the Marcomans: for thefe after they be 
dried, that the waterie humour may be confumed away, be moft pleafant to the tafte, and do eafily 
without any trouble fo mollifie the belly,as that in that refpeé@ they go beyond Caffia and Manna, 
as Thomas tordanus affirmeth. 

The leaues of the Plum tree are good againft the fwelling ofthe Vuula,the throat, gums, ker- 
nels vnder the throat and iawes,they ftop the rheume and falling downe of humors, if the deco@i. 
on thereofbe madein wine,and gargled in the mouth and throat. 

: The gumme which commeth out of the Plum.tree doth glew and faften together,as Diofcorides 
aith, 

Being drunke inwine itwafteth away the ftone, and healeth Lichens in infants and young chil. 
dren; ifit be layed on with vineger,it worketh the fame effects that the gum of the Peach and chere 
rie tree doth. 

The wilde Plums do ftay and binde the belly, and fo do the vnripe plummes of what fort foeuer, 
whiles they are tharpe and fower,for then are they aftringent. 

The iuice of Sloes doth ftop the belly, the lask and bloudy flix,the inordinat courfe of womens 
termes,and all other ifftres of bloud in man or woman,and may very well be vfed in ftead of Acatia, 
which is a thornie tree growing in Agypt,very hard to be gotten,and of a deere price, and therfore 
the better for wantons,albeit our Plums of this countrey are equal! vnto it in vertues. 


Cuar. 127. OfSebeften,or the eA fhprian Plum. 


Sebcftena,Myxa,five Myxarde q The Defeription. 
A(ffytian Plums, 


Ebeftines are alfoakinde of Plums:the tree 

whereofis not vnliketo the Plum tree, fa- 

uing it groweth lower than the moft of the 
manured Plum trees; the leaues be harder and 
rounder;the floures grow at thetops of the bran- 
ches confifting of fiue {mall white leaues, with 
pale yellowith threds in the middle, like thofe 
of the Plum tree:after followeth the fruit like to 
little Plummes, faftened in little skinny cups, 
which when they be ripe are of a greenith black 
colour,wherein 1s contained a fmall hard ftone, 
The fruit is {weet in tafte, the pulpe or meat is 
very tough and clammie. 

q The Place, 

The Sebeften trees grow plentifully in Syria 
and Egypr,they were in times paft forreine and. 
ftrange in Italy, now they grow almoft in euery 
garden,being firft brought thither in Piizie his 
time. Now do the Sebeften trees, faith he, inhig 
15.booke,18.chapter, begin to grow in Rome, 
among the Seruice trees. 

The Time. 
The time anfwereth theconimon Plums, 
q The Names, 

Pliny calleth the tree Myxa, it may bee fufpe- 
Gted that this is the tree which Matron Para- 
dus inhis Atticke banket in Atheneas doth call 

- dxawéie, Dut we cannot certainely affirme it, 
and efpecially becaufe diners have diuerfly 
deemed thereof, The berry or fruit is named 
Myx0n, 


1500 ~ Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Ly B35. 


Myxon and Myxarionneither haue the Latines any other name, The Arabians andthe Apotheca" 

ries do callit Sebe/ten : which is alfo made an Englifh name: we may call itthe Affyrian Plum, 

| The Temperature and Vertues. 

A Sebeftensbe very temperately cold and moift,and haue a thicke and clammie fubftance; there, 
fore they nourifh more than mott fruits do,but withall they eafily ftop the intrailes, and ftuffe vp 
the narrow paffages,and breed inflammations. ; : 

B They take away the ruggedneffe of the throat and lungs,and alfo quench thirft, being taken ina 
looch or licking medicine,or prepared any other kinde ofway,or elfe taken by themfelues, 

C  Theweight of ten drams,or of an ounce and a halfe of the pap or pulpe hereof being inwardly ta- 
ken,dothloofethebelly, ne 3 r 

D ~~ There is alfo made of this fruita purging Ele@tuarie,but fuch anone as quickly mouldeth, and 

therefore it isnot to be vfed but when it is new made, 


Cuap. 128. Of the Indian Plums, or Mirobalans, 


q The Kindes. 
Here be diuers kinds of Mirobalans,as Chebule,Bellirice,Emblica,&c. They likewife grow vpon 
iat diuers trees,and in countries far diftant one from another, and Garcias the Portugall Phyfition 
is of opinion, that the fiue kindes grow vpon fiue diuers trees, 


q The Defiription. 

i ¥ He firft of the Mirobalan trees; 
called Chebule, is a fhrubbie tree 
altogether wilde(which the Indians doe call 
Aretca:)in ftature not vnlike to the Plum trees 
Hy the branches are many,and grow thicke toge- 
; fl ther,whereon are fet leaues like thofe of the 
fe ~ Peach tree. The fruit is greaterthan any of 
= the reft, fomwhat long ,fathioned likea peare. 
2 This fecond kinde of Mirobalan,called 
F laua,or Citrinawhich fome do call Avitiqui, 
but the common people of India, 4rare,crow- 
eth vpon a tree of meane ftature, hauing ma- 
ny boughes ftanding finely in order, and fet 

ao full of leaues like vnto the Seruice tree. 
; Myt. belletion, 3 Thethird kinde of Mirobalans,called 
Emblice,the Indians doe call C4miale, which 
grow vponatree ofmean ftature, like the for- 
mer,but the Jeaues are very much iagged, in 
fhape like the leaues of Ferne, but that they 
be fomewhar thicker : the Indians do not put 
the fruit hereof ynto phy ficall vfes, but occu- 
pic it for the thickening and tanning of their 


» 


hii 
it 

{ 

I 

? 

! 


4. Mirobalani Bellivice called of the Saua- 
hie Bes Gotni, and Guti, groweth vp to a meane ftature, garnifhed with leaues like vnto Laurell or the 
ira Bay tree,but fomewat leffer,thinner,and of a pale greene colour. , 
| 5 The fitt kinde of Mirobalans is called Indicewhich the Indians do call ReRannale, it groweth 
} vponia tree ofmeane ftature,or rather vpon a fhrub or hedge plant,bearing leaues like the Willow, 
. and a fruit eight fquare. There is a fiftkinde,the tree whereof is not mentioned in Authors. 
The Place and Time. 

The laft foure kindes of Mirobalans do grow in the kingdome of Cambaia : they grow likewife 
iti : in Goa,Batecala, Malanor,and Dabul:the Kebula in Bifnager, Decan, Guzarate,and Bengala,& ma- 
hi} ny other places ofthe Eaft Indies. Thetime agreeth with other fruits in thofe countries. 
iW} q The Names. y 
ae ih ‘Thofe which we haue faid tobe yellow,the inhabitants of thofe countries where they grow doe 


call 


f A Jeather in ftead of Rhws, or Coriars Sumach, 

| ‘| MK jab: Age entbficas as alfoto make inke and bletch for other pur- 
A lye chepund, pofes. 

j 

; 


Lie 3% Of the Hiftory of Plants, 150i 


call them 4raresthofe that be blacke they call ReXennale;the Bellerice,Gotim;the Chebule,Aretca,the 
Embliceare called Aretiqui, q The Temperature. 

Allthe kindes of Mirobalans are in tafte aftringent and fharpe like vnto the vnri pe Sorbus ot 

Scruice berries,and therefore they are of complexion cold and drie, 
The Vertues, 

The Indians wfe them rather to bind than purge;but ifthcy dovfe them fora purge, theyvfethe Al 
decoction of them,and vfe them much conferued in {ugar,and efpecially the Chebule ; the yellow 
and blacke be good that way likewife, 

The yellow and Bel/crice taken before meat,are good againft a laske,or weake ftomacke,as Garci- B 
as writeth. 

The yellow and blacke,or Indice,and the Chebule,purge lightly, if twoor threedrams be taken, © 
and draw fuperfluous humors from the head. 

The yellow,as fome write,purge choier,chebule flegme, Indice melancholie, and ftrengthenthe D 
inward parts,but rofted in the embers,or otherwife wafted,they drie more than they purge. 

There are two forts efpecially brought into thefe parts of the world conferued, the Chebu/e, and E 
of them the beft are fomewhat long like a fall Limon,witha hard rinde and black pith of the raft 
ofaconferued Wall-nut,and the Bellerice, which are round and leffer,and tenderer in eating. 

Lobel writeth,that of them the Emb/ice do meanly coole,fome do drie in the firft degree, they FB 
purge the ftomacke of rotten flegme,they comfort the braine,the finewes, the heart,and liver, pro- 
cure appetite, {tay vomite,and coole the heat of choler, helpe the vnderftanding, quench thirft, and 
the heate of the intrailes:the greateft and heauieft be rhe beft. 

They purge beft,and with leffer paine,if they be laid in water in the Sun vntill they fwell,g fod G 
on a foft fire, & after they haue fod and be cold,preferued in foure times fo much white honey,put 
to them. 


Garcias found the diftilled water to be right profitable againft the French difeafe,and {uch like 
infeGtions. 

The Bellerice are alfo of a milde operation,and docomfort,and are cold in the firft degree, and [ 
drie in the fecond:the others come neere to the Emblice in operation. 


t_ Ihaue in this chapter contented my felfe with the expreffing of the fruits out of Clufine and Lobel, and ‘omitted the figures of the three Mirabalan trees, whigh 
our Author gaue ys our of Tabemmamontanus 3 becaule I iudge them rather drawne by fancy than by the things themfclues. 


Cuar.irg. Of the Fuiube tree, 


Tuiube Arabum,five Ziziphus Dodonei. | The Defiription, 
The Iuiube tree, , bowel 
Zin aus vuilqaug- > He Iuiube tree isnot muchleffer than Zi. 

e Y * Xiphus candidashauing a wreathed trunke of 
' body, and a rough barke full of rifts or cranies, 
and ftiffe branches, befet with (trong and hard 
prickles ; from whence grow out inany long 
twigs,or little ftalkes, halfea foor or more in 
length, in fhew like Ruthes,limmer, and cafily 
bowing themifelues, and very flender like the 
twigges of Spartum: about which come 
Jeaues one aboueanother, which are fomen 
Jong,not very great, but hard and tough like co 
the leaues of Perwinca or Petuinckles & amor zg 
thefe leaues come forth pale and moffie little 
floures : after which fucceed Jong red well ra- 
fted {weet berries as big as Oliues (of ameane 
quanticy )or little Prunes,or {mal Plums,wher- 
inthere are-hard round ftones, or inwhicha 
fimall kernell is contained. 

@ The Place, 

There be now ar this day Iuiube trees crow- 
ing in very many places of Italy,w hichin times 
paft were newly brought thither our of Syria, 
and. that about Flisy his time, as he himfelfe 
hath written in his 17.book,10. chap. 

| The Time 

Tt floureth in Aprill,atwhich rime the feeds 

or tones are to be fet or fowne for increafe. 
Te BE gj The 


a a ST Pa 
1502 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis. z3 


Se 


@ The Names. 
This tree is called in Greeke gtuevand egeoowith Jotainthe fecond fyllable: in Latine likewi 
Zizyphus,and of Petrss Crefcentius,ZcXulus : in Englifh, luiube tree. te 
The fruit or Plums arenamed in Greeke seve, 129: Galen calleth them mmms,as CAuicen pliindly 
fheweth inhis 3 69.chapter, intreating of the Iuiube,in which be fet downe thofe things thatare 
mentioned concerning Serica in Galens books of the faculties of Nourifhments:in Latine likew ife 
Zizypha and Serica : in fhops, Iuinba : 10 Englith, luiubes. = = 
@] The Temperature. 
Tuiubes are temperate in heate and moifture. 
@ The Vertues. 

‘A The fruit of the Iuiube tree eaten is of hard digeftion, and nourifheth very litcle:but being taken 
in fyrrups,cleétuaries,and fuch like confeétions,it appeafeth and mollifieth the roughneffe of the 
throat,the breft and lungs, and 1s good againft the cough, but exceeding good for the reines of the 
backe,and kidneies and bladder. aes 


a 
Cuar. 30. Of the (herrie Tree. 


@| The Kindes, 


f°’ He antient Herbarifts haue fet down foure kindes of Cherrie trees, the firft is great and wilde2 
i ‘© the fecond tame or of the garden: the third, whofe fruit is foure: the fourth is that which is 
called in Latine Chamecerafus,or the dwarfe Cherrie tree. The later writers have found divers forts 
more,fome bringing forth great fruit,others leffer;fome with white fruit,fome with blacke, others 
of the colour of blacke bloud,varying infinitely according to the climate and countrey where they, 
grow. ih oe 


1 Cerafus vulgaris, ; ji 3 Cerafus Hifpanica. 
The common Englifh Cherrie tree, The Spanith Cherrie tree} 


t Wii vn) Re Oe ‘ ; 
LVAD CerasusS, <a. 


Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants, 4g O3 


q| The Defcription. 


I owe Englith Chertie tree groweth to an high and great tree, the body whereof is of a 
meane bigneffe,which is parted aboue into very many boughes, with a barke fomewhat 
{mooth,and ofa browne crim{on colour,tough and pliable : the fubftance or timber is alfo browne 
in the middle,and the outward part is fomewhat white. The leauesbe great, broad, long, fer with 
veines or Nerues,and fleightly nicked about the edges : the floures are white,of a mean bignes,con- 
fitting of fiue leaues,and hauing certaine threds in the middle, ofthe likecolour: the Cherrjes be 
round, hanging vpen long {tems or foot-ftalks, with a ftone in the midftwhich is couered with a 
ulpe or foft meat; the kernel] thereof is not vnpleafant to the tafte,though fomewhat bitter. 
2 The Flanders Cherry treediffereth not from our Englith Cherrie tree in ftature or forme of 
leaues or flouressthe difference confifteth in this,chat this tree bringeth forth his fruit fooner, and 
greater than the other: wherefore it may be called in Latine,Cerafus precox,five Belgica. 


6 Cerafusuno pediculo plura, 


5 Cerafus Serotina. 
The Clufter Cherrie tree, 


Late ripe Cherrie tree; 


3 The'Spanith Cherric tree groweth vp to the keight of our common Cherrie tree: the wood 
or timber is foft and loofe, couered with a whitith {calie barke:the branches are knottic,greater & 
fuller of fab {tance than any other Cherry tree: the leaues are likewife greater and longer than any 
of the reft,in fhape like thofe of the Cheftnut tree:the floures are like the others in forme,butwhi- 
ter of colour: the fruit is greater and longer than any,white for the moft part all oucr, except thofe 
that ftand in the hotteft place where the Sun hath fome reflexion againft a wall:they are alfo white 
within,and of a pleafant tafte. 

The Gafcoine Cherrie tree groweth very like tothe Spanifh Cherry tree in ftature, flourcs, 
and Jeaues: it differeth in that itbringeth forth very great Cherries, long, fharpe pointed, with a 
certaine hollowneffe vpon one fide,and {potted here and there with certaine prickles of purple co- 
louras final as fand : che tafte is mo pleafant, and excelleth in beautie. 


5 Thelateripe Cherry tree groweth vp like vato our wilde Englith Cherry tree,with 3 like 
eaues, 


Gh nuyuenie” Tape” 


Cerafus multiflora fructus edens 8 Cerafirs multiflora pauciores frutusedens., 
The double floured Cherry tree beating fruit, | Thedoule floured barren Cherry tree. 


10 Cerafus racemofa ruby te 
Red Grape Cherry tree. 


fe: 
UB 


SEH > 


ee ee 
Lie. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1505 


Jeanes,branches,and floures, fauing that they are fometimes once doubled : the fruit is final, 

round, and ofa darke bloudy colour when they be ripe, which the French-men gather with their 
ftalkes,and hang them vp in their houfes in bunches or handfulls againft winter, which the Phyii- 
tians do give vato their patients in hot and butning feuers, being firft fteeped ina little warme 
water,that caufeth them to fwell and plumpe vp as full and frefh as when they did grow vpon the 
tree. 
6 The Clufter Cherry-tree differeth not from the lafidefcribed either in leaues,branches,or 
frature : the floures are alfo like,but neuer commeth any one of them to be double. The fruir is 
round,red when they be ripe,and many growing vpon one ftem or footftalke in clufters, like as the 
Grapes do. The taite is nor vnpleafant,although fomewhat foure. 

7 This Cherrie-tree with double floures growes vp vntoa finall tree, not vnlike to the com- 
mon Cherrie-tree in each refpeé, fauing that the flours are fomewhat doubled, that is to fay, three 
or foure times double ; after which commeth fruit(though in fmall quantitie)like the other com- 
mon Cherrie. 

8 The double floured Cherrie-tree growes vp like vnto an hedge buth, but not fo great nor high 
as any of the others, the leaues and branches differ not ftom the reft of the Cherrie-trees.. The 
floures hereof are exceeding double, as are the floures of Marigolds, but of a white colour, and 
fmelling fomewhat like the Hawthorne floures ,after which come feldome or neuer any’ fruit, al- 
though feme Authors haue faid that ir beareth fometimes fruit, which my felfe have not at any 
time feen ; notwith{tanding the tree hath growne in my gatden many yeeres, and that in an exce!- 
Jent good place by abricke wall,where it hath the refle@tioh ofthe South funne, fit fora tree that 
is not willing to beare fruit in ourcold climat. 


11 Cerafus nigra. 12 Chamecerafis. 
The common blacke Cherry-tree The dwarfe Cherry-tree. 


UJ Wars avin Lin . 


OY aN TAT 
AN iy - tes Ceras uS§ Naa. y 


® cog ise 
mr fe) WGA LP iegs 
x A i) oa Sinha 


. 
i 


me 


— 


306 ——dOf theHiftory of Plants Lan, 


“miles from Blackeburne, and in Harward neere thereunto; in Lancathite almoft in euery hedge: 


i?) 


the Jeaues and branches differ not from thofe of the wilde Cherry-tree: the floures grow alongft 
the fmall branches,confifting of fiue {mall white leaués, with fome greenith and yellow thrums in 
the middle:after which come the fruit,greene at the firft, blacke when they be ripe, and of the big- 
nefle of Sloes , ofan harfh and vnpleafant tafte, 2 

to Theother birds Cherry-tree differeth not from the former ip any refpedt,but in the colour 
of the berries ; foras they are blacke ; foon the contrary, thefe are red when they be ripe, wherein 
they differ. ; 

1x The common blacke Cherry-tree growes vp in fome places toa great ftature: there is no 
difference betweene it and our common Cherry-tree, fauing that the fruit hereof is very little in 
refpe& of other Cherries, and ofa blacke colour. 

12 The dwarfe Cherry-tree groweth very feldome to the height of three cubits : the trunke 
or body {mall, couered with a darke coloured blacke : whereupon do grow very limber and pliant 
twiggy branches: the leaues are very fmall, not much vnlike to thofe of the Priuite buth: the 
floures are {nvall and white:after which come Cherries of a deepe red colourwhen they beripe, of 
tafte fomewhat fharpe, but not greatly vnpleafant : the branches laid downe in the earth, quickly 
take root,whereby it is greatly increafed. 

My felfe with diuers others haue fundry other forts in our gardens,one called the Hart Cherry, 
the greater and the leffer; one of a great bigneffe, and moft pleafant intafe, which wé call Lute 
Wardes Cherry, becaufe he was the firft that brought the fame out of Italy ; another we haue cal- 
Jed the Naples Cherry,becaufe it was firft brought, into thefe parts from Naples : the fruit is very 
great,fharpe pointed, fomewhat like a mans heart in fhape,of a pleafant tafte,and of a deepe blac- 
kith colour when it is ripe,as it were of the colour of dried bloud. . 

We haue another that bringeth forth Cherries alfo very greatb,igger than any Flanders Cher- 
rie,of the colour of Iet,or burnithed horne, and of a moft pleafant tafte, as witneffeth Mr. Bull, the 
Queenes Maiefties Clockemaker, who did tafte of the fruit (the tree bearing onely one Cherry, 
which he did eate « but my felfeneuer taftedo it) atthe impreffion hereof. We haue alfo another, 
called the Agriot Cherry,of a reafonable good tafte. Another we hauewith fruit ofa dun colour, 
tending to awatchet. Wehaueone of the dwarffe Cherries, that bringeth forth fruir as great as 
mott of our Flanders Cherries, whereas the common fort hath very {mall Cherries, and thofe of 
an harth tafte. Thefe and many forts more we haue in our London gardcns, whereof towrite par- 
ticularly would greatly enlarge our volume, and to {mall purpofe : therefore what hath been faid 
fhall fuffice. + I muft here(as I haue formerly done,in Peares, Apples and other fuch fruites) re- 
fer you to my two friends M*, ohn Parkinfon,and M®. Zohn Millen, the one to furnith you with the 
hiftory,and the other with the things themfelues, if you defire them. + 


@ The Time. 

The Cherrie-trees bloome in April; fome bring forth their fruit fooner ; fome later : the red 

Cherries be alwaies better than the blacke of their owne kimde, 
@] The Names. 

The Cherry-tree is called in Greeke, wpzer: and alfo in Latine, Cerafus : in high-Dutch, %ir= 
fehenbauim : in low-Dutch, Herfenboome, and Crieckenboom: in French, Cerifer : in Englith, 
Cherry-tree. 

The fruit ot Cherries be calied in Grecke,wps'as,and xȎewrand in Latine likewife,Cerafa:in Eng- 
lifh, Cherries :the Latine and Englifh names in their feuerall titles fhall fuffice for the reft thae 
mighe be faid. 

G] The Temperatureand Vertues, 

The beft and principall Cherries be thofe that are fomewhat fower: thofe little {weet ones 
which bewilde and fooneft ripe be the wortt : they containe bad juice,they very foon putrifie, and 
do ingender ill bloud, by reafon whereof they do not onely breed wormes in the belly, but trou- 
blefome agues, and often peftilent feuers : and therefore in well gouerned common wealths ir is 
carefully prouided,that they fhould not be fold in the markets inthe plague time. 

Spanifh Cherries are like to thefe in faculties, but they do not fo foone putrifie : they be like- 
wifecold,and the iuice they make is not good. 

The Flanders or Kentifh Cherries that are through ripe, haue a better juice but watery, cold 
and moift:they quench thirft, they are good for an hot ftomacke,and profitable for thofe that hage 
the ague: they eafily defcénd and make the body foluble : they nourith nothing at all. 

The late tipe Cherries which the French-men keep dried againft winter, and are by them 
called Morelle, and we after the fame name call them Morell Cherries, are dry, and do fomewhat 


binde;thefe being dried are pleafant to the tafte, and wholefome for the ftomacke, like as Prunes 
be,and do ftop the belly. 


1 


Generally 


107 


eaten en event nssi Sa Ee eEOED 
Lis, 3. | Of the Hiftory of Plants. 


Generally all the kindes of Cherries are cold and moift of temperature, although fome more’ E 
cold and moift than others: the which being eaten before meat doe foften the belly very gently, 
they are vawholfome either vnto moift and rheumaticke bodies, or for vnhealthieand cold fto- 
mackes. 

The common blacke Cherries do ftrengthen the ftomack,and are wholefomer than the red Cher. 
ties,the which being dried do ftop the laske. 

The diftilled water of Cherries is good for thofe that are troubled with heate and inflamm 
ons in their ftomackes,and preuaileth againft the falling fickneffé gitlen mixed with witie. 

_ Many excellent Tarts and other pleafant meats are madewith C herries,fugar, and other deli¢at 
{pices,whereof to write were to {mall purpofe. 

The gum of the Cherrie tree taken with wine and water, is reported to helpethe ftone;itmay do I 
good by making the paffages flippery, and by tempering & alaying the fharpneffe of the humors. 
and in this maner it isa remedy alfo for anold cough. Déofcorides addeth,that it maketh one well 
coloured,cleareth the fight,and caufeth a good appetite to meat, 


FE 
ati-.G 
H 


Cuar.1zt, Of the Mulberrie tree. 
I Morus. rset a 
The Mulberrie tree, : The white Mulberrie tree: 
; —— Wy! ll 
ras) 
RH Y GY: 
Ii YY, 4 m?, 


Sasi ills S 
| EM aus RS 
SSSA v/ { a 
S\ P Qa, 


i As. 

if DOK 

R el) 
ee 4 


q The Défcription. 


z He common Mulberie tree is high,and ful of boughes:the body wherofis many times 

Ee barkerugged; &thatofthe root yellow :the leaves are broad and fharp poin- 

ted, fomething hard,and nicked onthe edges;in ftead of floures, are blowings or cat- 

kins,which are downie: the fruit is long,made vp of a number of little graines, like vnto a blacke- 

Betrie,but thicker,longer,and much greater,at the firft greene,and when it is tipe blacke,yet is the 
juice (whereof itis full) red; the root is parted many waies, ‘ : 

oF Dire d LIU 3°97 2 The 


— °° Ofthe Hiftorie of Plants. Land 


bee] 


2 Thewhite Mulberrie tree groweth vntill it be comevnto a great and goodly ftature, almoft 
as big as the former: the leaues are rounder,not fo fharpe pointed,nor fo deeply fnipt about the ed- 
ges,yet fometimes finuated or deeply cutin on the fides, the fruit is like the former, but that it is 
white and fomewhat more tafting like wine. 

@ The Place. 

The Mulberty trees grow plentifully in Italy and other hot regions, where they doe mainraine 
great woods and groues of them, that there Silke wormes may feed thereon, The Mulberry tree is 
fitly fet by the flip ; it may alfo be grafted or inoculated intomany trees, being grafted in a white 
Poplar, it bringeth forth white Mulbeties, as Beritivs in his Geoponickes reporteth. Thefe grow 
in fundry gardens in England. 

@ TheTime. 

Ofall thetrees in the Orchard the Mulberry doth laft bloome,and not before the cold weather 
is gone in May (therefore the old Writers were wont to call it the wifeft tree) at which time the 
Silke wormes do feeme to reuiue,as hauing then wherewith to feed and nourifh them felues, which 
all the winter before do lie like {mall graines gr feeds,or rather like the dunging of a fieth flic vpon 
aglaffe,or fome fuch thing, as knowing their proper time both to perferme their duties for which 
they were created,and alfo when they may hauewherewith to maintaine and preferue their owne 
bodies,vnto their bufineffe aforefaid. 

The berries are ripe in Auguft and September. Hege/ander in Atheneus affrmeth,that the Mul. 
berie trees in his time did not bring forth fruit in twentie years together,and that fo gteata plague 
of the gout then raigned and raged fo generally,as not onely men, but boies,wenches,cunuchs, and 
womenwere troubledwith thar difeafe. 

@] The Names. 
_ Thistree ishamed in Grecke epic, and axsienta: in Latine,Morus : in fhops, Morus Celfi-in high 
Dutch, MP aulberbaunt: in low Dutch, MPoerbefie boom: in French, Meurier : in Englith,Mulberry 
tree. 

The fruit is called v4er, and oxréum-in Latine,Morum : in fhops,Morum Celfi:inhigh Dutch, gpoa 
etbefi¢ ; in Icalian,s/oro - in French, menre : in Spanith, Moras and Mores: in Englifh,Mulberry, 


@ The Temperature and Vertues. 

Mulbetries being gathered before they be ripe,are cold and dry almoft in the third degree,and do 
mightily binde;being dried they are good for the laske and bloudy flix; the pouder is vfed in meat, 
and is drunke with wineand water. 

They ftay bleedings,and alfo the reds;they are good againft inflammations or hot fwellings of 
the mouth and iawes,and for other inflammations newly beginning, 

The ripe and new gathered Mulberries are likewife coldand be ful of iuice which hath the tafte 
of wine,and is fomething drying,and notwithout a binding qualitie;and therefore it is alfo mixed 
with medicines for the mouth,and fuch as helpe the hot fwellings of the mouth, and almonds of 
the throat; for which infirmities itis fingular good. 

Of the iuice of theripe berriesis made a confection with fugar, called Diamorum: thot is, after 
the manner ofa fyrrup, which is exceeding good for the vicers and hot fwellings of the tongue, 
throat,and almonds,or Vuula of the throat,or any other malady arifing in thofe parts. 

Thefe Mulberries taken in meat,and alfo before meat,do very {peedily pafle through the belly, 
by reafon of the moifture and flipperineffe of their fubftance,and make a paffage for other meats,as 
Galen faith. 

They are good to quench thirft,they ftir vp an appetite to meat, they are not hurtfull to the fto- 
macke,but they nonrith the body very little,being taken in the fecond place, or after meat, for al- 
though they beieffe hurtfull than other like fruits,yet are they corrupted and putrified,vnleffe they 
{peedily defcend, 

The barke of the root is bitter,hot and drie, and hath a {couring facultie : the decoétion hereof 
doth open the ftoppings of the liuer and fpleen,it purgeth the belly, and driueth forth wormes. 

‘The fame bark being fteeped in vineger helpeth the tooth ache:of the fame effe& is alfo the de- 
coétion of the leaues and barke,faith D io(corides,who fheweth that about harueft time there iff. 
eth out of the roota iuice,which the next day afteris found tobehard, and that the fame is very 
good againtt the tooth-ache; that it wafteth away Phymma,and purgeth the belly. 

Galen faith, char there is inthe leaues and fir buds of this tree a cerraine middle facultie, both 
tobinde and fcour 


Cuap, 


Lis, 3, Of the Hiftory ot Plants. | 1509 


Cuar. 132. Of the Sycomore tree. 


Sycomorus. q] The Defirsption. 

The Sycomore tree, 

He Sycombre tree is of no {mall 

height,being very liketo the mulbe- 
rie tree in bignefle & thew, as alfo in leafes 
the fruit is as'greatasa Fig, and of the 
fame. fafhion ; very like in inice and 
tafte to the wilde Fig, but fweeter, and 
without any grains or feeds withinwhich 
groweth not forth of the tender boughes, 
but out of the body and great ‘old armes 
very fruitfully: thistree hath in it plenty 
of milkie iuice,which {0 foon as any part 
is brokenorcut, doth iffue forth, 


@ The Place. 

It groweth,as Diofcorides writeth, very 
plentifully in Caria and Rhodes, and in 
fundry places of Egypt, as at the great 
Cayreor Alkaire, and in places that doe 
not bring forth much wheat,in which it is 
an helpe,and fufficeth in {tead of bread 8 
corne when thete is fearfitie of yi@uals. 
Galenwriteth, that he faw a plant of the 
Sycomore tree like to the wilde Fig tree, 


ff Hl f ff 


fruitand all, 
q@ The Time, 
KS It bringeth forth fruit three or foure 
\ times in one yeare,and oftner if it be {cra- 
<——_ ; ped withan iron knife, or other like in- 


ftrument. 


@| The Names. 

This tree is called in Greeke,ovxuoee, of the Fig tree and the Mulbery tree: in Latine, Sycomorss : 
Cornelius Celfus nameth itbackward 4Zoro/ycos : the Egyptians of out time docall it Ficus Pharao- 
#u,0r Pharao his Fig tree,as witnefleth Belowins: and iris likewife termed Ficus -Aigy ptia, EGyptian 
Fig tree,and alfo Morus eAigyptia,or Egyptian Malberrie tree. Wecal it En glifh,Sycomore tree a& 
ter the Greek and Latine,and alfo Mulberry Fig treewhich is the tight Sycomore tree,and not the 
great Maple,as we haue faid inthe chapter of the Maple. 

The fruit is named in Greeke Sycomoron,and in Italian, Sycomeroand Fico a’ Ecitto, 


| The Temperature and Vertues. 

The fruit of the Sycomore tree hathno fharpneffe in it at allas Galen faith. It is fomwhat fweer Al 
in tafte,and is of temperature moift after a fort,and cold as be Mulberries. 

It is good, faith Diofcorides, for the belly;but ic is¢Ser, that is, without any nourifhment, and B 
troublefome to the ftomacke. 

There iffueth forth of the barke ofthis tree in the beginning of the Spring, before the fruit ap- C 
. peareth,a liquour,which being taken vp with a fpunge,or a little wooll, is dried, made vp into fine 

cakes,and kept in gallie pots : this mollifieth,clofeth wounds together, and diffolueth groffe hu- 
mours, 

It is both inwardly taken and outwardly applied againft the bitings of ferpents,hardneffe of the D. 


milt or {pleene,and paine of the (tomacke proceeding of a cold caufe :this liquor doth very quick- 
ly putrifie. 


LAWL 3 Curr, 


= Se a ee, 
1510 Of the Hittorie of Plants, Liz. 


Cuars 133. Of the Figtree. 


@ The Defiription, 


t “W"He garden Fig tree becommeth atree of ameane ftature,hauing many branches fullof 
white pith within,like Elderne pith,and large leaues of a darke greene colour, divided 

into fundry feétions or diuifions. The fruit commeth out of the branches withour any floure atal] 
that euer I could pereeiuewhich fruit is in fhape like vnto Peares,of colour either whitifh,or fome- 
whatred,or of a deep blew, full of {mall Staines within,ofa {weet and pleafant tafte ; which beeing 
broken before itbe ripedoth yeeld moft white milk, like vnto the kindés of Spurge, and the leaues 
alfo beeing broken doe yeeld the like liquour,but when the Figges be ripe,the iuice thereof js like 


honie, 
5 Ficuss £2 Chamaficus. "s 
The Figtree, The dwarfe Fig tree. 


{ ih f 
ql t 
| 
/ k H 
yh 
: i i 
: iy 
' 
: | | } 
: 
' 
Fe 7 
aay S we a 
. SIZ J SES Ya' 
er, )) ty ae 
¥ 
2 The dwarfe Fig-tree is likevntothe former in leaves and fruit, bucit neuer groweth aboyg 
the height ofa man,and hath many fmall fhoots comming from the roots, whereby it greatly in. 
| creafeth, 
Sua fut There is alfo another wilde kinde,whofe fruit is never ripe; Theophrastus nameth it Evincos, Pling 
} } : } Caprificus. 
be i 4 q Lhe Place. 
| i pes = 5 S ~ ¥ . 
pide |} 4" ai The Fig row plentifully in Spain and Italy,and many other countries,as in England; 
at i \y} where they put it neuer commeth to kindely maturitie,except the tree be planted ynder 
, a an hotwall, whereto neither North, nor Northeaft windes can come. 
: | } t gq The Time. 
ei. 1 ; ie | The dwar! my garden, and bringeth forth ripe and very great fruit in the 
ty rt ‘ae i moneth of / ndry perfons haue eaten at pleafure 


forth their leaues vntill the end of May, where oftentimes the 
4LICS appcare, 


@ The 


Linz. Of the Hittorie of Plants, BRN, 


@| Ihe Names. 
The Fig tree is ea}ted in Greeke, ois and of divers, for difference fake betweene it and the wild 
Fig tree, oves sues : in Latine, Ficus, and Ficus fativa, and Vrbana: inhigh-Dutch, Fevgenbaums in 
low- Dutch, Wijqheboom : in French, Figuier : in Italian, Fico ; in Spanith, Arcuera: in} olith 
Fig tree. “aye 

The fruit is named in Greeke, war: in Latine,Fécus : and the vnripe fruit, a6: in Latine Grof: 
fis : that which is dried is called in Greeke, iz: in Latine, Carica : in high-Dutch, arent tin 
low-Dutch, Wijghen : in French, Figues : in Italian, Fichs - in Spanith,#igos : in Ene Fiosthe 
little feeds which are found in them are named by Galen, unsewiors, Cechramiades. mo 

, @| The Temperature. 

The greene Figs new gathered are fomewhat warme and moift : the dry and ripe Figsare ho 
moft in the third degree, and withall fharpe and biting. 

The leaues alfo haue fome fharpneffe, with an opening power, but not fo {trong as the iuice, 

q] The Vertues. 

The dry Figs do nourih better than the greene or new Figs; notwithftanding they ingender A 
not very good bloud, for {uch people as do feed much thereon doe become low fie. ‘ 

Figs be good for the throat and lungs, they mitigate the cough, and are good for them that be 
fhort winded ; they ripen flegme, caufing the fame to be eafily fpet out, elpecially when they be 
fodden with Hy flop, and the decoction drunke: 

Figges ftamped with Salt, Rew, and the kernels of Nuts withftand all poyton and corruption © 
oftheaire, The King of Pontus, called cvtithridates, vied this preferuatine againtt all venom and 
poyfon, 

Figs ftamped and made into the forme of a plaifter with wheat meale,the ponder of Fenugteck, D 
and Linefeed, and the roots of marifh Mallowes,applied warme, do foften and ripen impoftumes, 
phlegmons, all horand angry fwellings and tumors behinde the eares :and if you adde thereto the 
roots of Lillies, it ripenethand breaketh Veneriaus impoftumes that come inthe flanke, which 
impoftumeis called Bv6o, by reafon of his lurking infuch fecret places : in plaine Englifh termes 
they ate called botches. 

Figs boiled in VVormwood wine with fome Barly mealeare very good tobe applied as an im- B 
piaifter vpon the bellies of fuch as haue the dropfie. 

Dry Figges haue power to foften, confume, and make thinne, and may be vfed both outwardly p 
and inwardly, whether it be to ripen or foften impoftumes, or to {eatter, diffolue, and confume 
them. 

The leaues of the Fig tree dowafte and confume the Kings Euill , or felling kernells in rhe 
throat, and do mollifie, wafte, and confume all other tumors, being finely pouned and laid there. 
on: butafter my pra@ife, being boiled with the rootsof marifh Mallowes vatill they be fofr, and 
fo incorporated together, and applied in forme ofa plaifter. 

The milky inyce either of the figs or leaues is good againtt allroughneffe of the skin ne,lepries, yy 
{preading fores, tetters, {mall pockes, meafels, pufhes, wheales, freckles, lentiles,and all other 
fpots, feuruineffe, and deformitie of the body and face, being mixed with Bariey mealéand appli- 
ed: icdothalfo take away warts and fuch like excrefcences, if it be mingled with fome fattie or 
greafie thing. 

The milke doth alfocure the tooth-ache,ifa little lint or cotton be wet therein,and putintothe f 
hollowneffe of the toorh, 

It openeth the veines of the hemorrhoids, and loofeneth the belly, being applied to the funda- K 
ment. i 
Figs ftamped with the pouder of Fenugreeke, and vineger, and applied plaifterwife, doc eafe 16 
the intolerable paine ofthe hot gour, efpecially the gout of the feet. i 

The milke thereof put into the wound proceeding of the biting of amad dog, or any otherve- 
nomous beaft, preferueth the parts adioyning, taketh away the paine prefently, and cureth the 
aurt. 

The greene and ripe Figs are good for thofe that be troubled with the ftone of the kidneyes, for N 
they make the conduits flipperie, and open them, and do alfo fomewhat clenfe :whereupon after 
the eating of the fae, ir hapneth that much grauell and fand is conueyed forth. 

Dry or barrell Figs, called in Latine Carice, are aremedie for the belly, the cough, and for old 
infirmities ofthe cheft and lungs :they fcoure the kidnies,and clenfe forth the fand,they mitigate 
the paine of the bladder, and caufe womenwith child to haue the eafier deliuerance, ifthey feed 
thereof for certaine dayes tozether before their time. 

Diofcorides {aith, that the white liquor of the Fig tree,and iuice of the leaues,docurdle milkeas P 
rennet doth, and diffolue the milke that is cluttered in the ftomacke, as doth v ineger. 

It bringeth downe the menfes, if it beapplied with the yolke ofan egse,orwith yellow wax, Gq 

CHAP; .~ 


oe the Hiftorie of Plants, Gi B. 3. 


Cuar.134. Of the prickly Fudian Fig tree. 


Ficus Indica. Fruttus. 
The Indian Fig tree. The fruit, 


q The Deftription.’ 


His ftrangeand admirable plant, called Ficus Indica,{eemes tobe noother thing thana mul- 
T tiplication of Icaues, that is, a tree made of leaues, without body or boughes ; forthe leafe 
{et in the ground doth in fhort {pace take root,and bringeth out of it felfe other leaues, from 
which do grow others one after another, till fuch timeas they come to the height of a tree, hauing 
alfo in the meane feafon boughes as it were comming from thofe Jeaues, fometimes more, other- 
whiles fewer,as Nature lift to beftow, adding leafe vnto leafe, whereby it occupieth a great piece 
of ground : thefe leaues are Jong and broad, as thicke as a mans thumbe, ofa deepe greene colour, ' 
{er full of long, flender, fharpe, and whitith prickles : on the tops of which leaues come forth long 
floures not vnlike to thofe of the manured Pomegrenat tree, of a yellow colour ; after which com- 
meth the fruit like ynto the common Fig, narrow below, and bigger aboue, ofa greene colour, and 
ftuffed full ofa red pulpe and iuice, ftaining the hands of them that touch it,as do the Mulberries, 
witha bloudy or fanguine colour : the top ofwhich Figs are inuironed with certaine fealy leaues 
like a crowne, wherein are alfo contained {mall graines that are the feeds :the which being fowne, 
do bring forth plants round bodied, like vnto the trunke of other trees, with leaues placed thereon 
like the other ; which being fet in the ground bring forth trees of leaues, as we haue thewed, 

+ Vponthis plant in fome parts of the Weft Indies grow certain excrefcences, which in con- 
tinuance of time turn into Infects ; and thefe out-growings are that high prized Cochenele wher- 
with they dye colours in graine. + 

@ The Place. 
weth inall the tra& of the Eaftand Weft Indies, and alfo in the countrey No- 
led Virginia, from whence it hath beene brought into Italy, Spaine,England,and 
Italy it fometimes beareth fruit, but more often in Spaine, and neuer as yet in 
oh I hauc beftowed great pains and coft in keeping it from the iniury of our cold 


This plant 
tembega, now ca 
other countries: 1 


England, althou: 


ee 
€1 ats 


elyime 


Atgroweth 


the 


Lis. 3 Oft a Hiftorie of Plants, 19k} 


ItgrowethalfoatS. Cruxand other places of Barbary,and alfo in an Ifland of the Medirerra- 
nean fea, called Zante, abouta day and nights failing with a meane winde from Petraffeia port.in 
Morca,where my feruant William Mar fhall (before reniembred) did feenot only great ftore of thofe 
trees made of leaucs, but alfo diuers other round bodied plants ofa woody fubftance:from whence 
he brought me diuers plants thereof in tubs of earth, very freth and greene,which flourithed in my 
garden at the impreffion hereof. 

@ The Time. 

Thefe plants do grow greene and freth both Winter and Sommer, by the relation of my-fore- 
faid feruant : notwithftanding they muftbe very carefiilly kept in thefe countries from the extre- 
mitie of Winter. 

q The Names. 

This isthought to be the plant called of Pliny, Opuntium ;whereofhe hath written,46.2t:ca.17, 
in this manner: About Opuns is the herbe Opuntia, to mans tafte fweet, and itis to be maruclled; 
that the ront fhould be made of the leaues, and that it fhould fogrow. Opuns isa city neere vnto 
Phocis in Greece, as Panfanias, Strabo, and Pliny teftifie : but it is comnionly called in Latine, Ficus 
Indica : of the Indians, Tune, and Tunas, and alfo Anapallas, as teftifieth Beloniws : inEnglifh, Indi- 
an Fig tree. 

Thereisa certaine other deferibed for the Indian Fig tree, by Theophraftus,lib. 4. which Pliny, 

Hb. 12. cap.5. doth eloquently expreffe almoft in the fame words, but turned into Latine, whereof 
we intend to {peake in the next chapter. 
@| The Temperature and Vertues. ’ 

Wehaue nocertaine inftruion from the Antients, of the temperature or faculty ofthis plant, Al 
orof the fruit thereof ; neither hauewe any thing whereof to write of ourowne knowledge, more 
than that we haue heard reported of fuch as haue eaten liberally of the fruit hereof that ic changed 
their vrineto the colourofbloud ; who at the firft fight thereof ftood in great doubt of their life, 
thinking it had been bloud, whereas it proud afterwards by experietice to be nothing but the tin- 
&ure or colour the vrine had taken from theiuice of the fruit, and thatwithout all hurt or griefe 
atall. 

It is reported of fome, that the iuice of the fruit is excellent good againft vicets of long conti- B 
quance. - 

$  Cocheneleis given alone, and mixed with other things;in maligne difeafes,as peftilent fe- C 
wers and the like, but withwhat fucceffe I know not. $ ; 


Cu AP. 135- Of the arched Indian Fig tree. 


Ps 
z 


> 


@ The Defcription: 


{is rare and admirable tree is very great, ftraight,and couered with a yellowith bark tending 
to tawny : the boughes and branches are many, very long, tough, and flexible, growing very 
long in fhort {pace, as do the twigs of Oziars, and thofe fo long and weake, that the ends 

theteofhang downeand touch the ground, where they take root and grow in fuch fort, that thofe 
twigs become great trees :and thefe being growne vp vnto the like gteatneffe,doecaft their bran- 
ches or twiggy tendrels vnto the earth, where they likewife take hold and root; by meanes wherof 
it commeth to paffe, that of one tree is made a great wood or defart of trees whith the Indiansdo 
vie for couverture againft the extreme heate of the Sun, wherewith they are grieuoufly vexed:fome 
likewife vfe them for pleafure, cutting downe by a direét line a long walke, oras it were avaule, 
through the thickeft part, from which alfo they cut certaine loope-holes ot windowes in fome pla- 
ces, to the end to receiue thereby the fiefh cooleaire that entreth thereat,as alfo for light; that 
they may fee their cattell that feed thereby, to auoid any danger that might happen vntothem ci- 
ther by the enemie orwilde beatts : from which vault oF clofe walke doth rebound fuch an adini- 
rable echo or anfwering voice, ifoneof them fpeake vnto another aloud, that it doth refound or 
anfwer againe foure or fiue times, according to the height of the voice,to which it doth anfwer,and 
that fo plainly, that it cannot be knowne from the voice it felfe: the firft or mother of this wood ox 
defart of trees is hard tobe knowne from the children, but by the greatneffe of the body , which 
three men can fearfely fathom about : vpon the branches whereof grow leaues hard and wrinckled, 
in fhape like thofe of the Quince tree, greene aboue, and of 4 whitifh hoary colour ynderneath, 
whereupon the Elephants delight to feed :among which leaues come forth the fruit,of the bignes 


ofamansthumbe, in fhape likea {mall Fig, but ofa fanguine or bloudy colour,and of a fweet att, 
a bial dash a . Dut 


0 io eae 


S14 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. iy 1.3, 7 


butnot fo pleafant as the Figs of Spaine ; notwithftanding they are good tobe eaten, and withall 
very wholfome. = 


“ 7 
Arbor ex Goa, fine Indica. q The Place, 
The arched Indian Fig tree. 


This wondrous tree groweth in’ diners pla- 
ces of the Eaft Indies, efpecially neere ynto 
Goa, and alfo in Malaca:it is aftranger in 
moft parts of theworld. 


@ TheTime. 


This tree keepeth his leaues green winter 
and Sommer, 


a The Names. 

This tree is called of thofe thar haue tra: 
uelled, Ficus Indica, the Indian Fig s and Ar. 
bor Goa,of the place where it groweth in grea~ 
teft plenty :we may call it in Englith,the ar- 
ched Fig tree, 

# Such as defire to feemore of this Fig 
tree, may haue recourfe to Clufius his Exo- 
ticks, b.1 cap. 1.where he fhewes it was men- 
tioned by diuers antient Writers, as 9. Cur- 
Hus, lib. Plia, lib, 12.4.5 «Strabo, lib,5 and 
Theophr  Hift. Plant. lib. su cap.5. by thename 
Of Ficus Indica, $ 


| The Temperature andVertues. 

We haue nothing towrite of the tempe- 
rature or vertues of this tree, of our owne 
knowledge : neither haue wee recciued from 
others more, than that the fruit hereof is ge- 
nerally éaten, and that without any hurt at 
all,but rather good,and alfo nourifhing, 


F C HAP: 136. : 
Of Adams Apple tree, or the Wi oft-dhdian Plantaine, 


G The Defiription, ‘ 


‘4 Hether this plant may be reckoned for a tree properly, or for an herby Plant, it is difpu- 
\\ table, confidering the foft and herby fubftance whereof it is made ; that is to fay,when it 
hath attained to the height of fix or feuen cubits, and of the bignefle of a mans thigh, 
hotwithftanding it may be cut downe with one ftroke of a ford, or two or three cuts witha knife, 

| culcn with as much eafeas the root of a Radith or Carrot of the like bigneffe: from a thicke far 

. threddy root rife immediately diuers great leaues, of the length of three cubits anda halfe, fome- 

; : times more, according to the foile where it groweth, and of a cubit and more broad, of bignes fuf. 
bee ficient towrap a childe in of two yeares old, in fhapelike thofe of Mandrake,ofan ouerworn green 
( colour, having abroad rid running thorow the middle thereof :which teaues,whether by reafon 

a 1 bi Of the extreme hor {corching Sun, or of their owne Nature, in 


ii that there is nothing thereof left or tobe feene but onely th 
; ah thefe leaues 


: C ues rifeth vp athicke trunke, whereon doth grow the like leaues, which the people docut 

; ud off, as alfothofenexrthe ground, by meanes whereof it rifethvp to the height of a tree, which o- 

q 1 iy ny thenwife would remaine alow and bafe plant. This manner of cutting they vfe from time to time, 

f a | ] vntill 1t come toacertaine height, aboue the reach of the Elephant, which greedily feeketh after 


i the fruit, In the middek of tl 


: 1¢ top among the Ieaues commeth fortha foftand fungous ftumpe, 
whereon do grow diuers a ppl 


es in forme like a final] Cucumber, and of the fame bigneffe,couered 
; 3 Salli with 


Bet DN Ee nae oe ohn, a RR ie a eM 
Lra.3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. ists 


with a thin rinde like that of the Fig, ofa yellow eolour when they be ripe: the pulpe or fubftattce 
of the meate is like that of the Pompion, without either feeds, ftones, or kernels, in taft notgreat- 
ly perceiued at the firft,but prefently after it pleafeth, and entifeth a man to eat liberally thereof, 
by acertaine entifing fweetnes it yeelds : in which fruit, if it be cut according to the length (faith 
myne Author)oblique, tranfuerfe, or any other way whatfoeuer, may be feen the thape and forme 
ofa croffe, with aman faftned thereto. My felfe haue feene the fruit,and cut it in pieces, which 
was brought me from Aleppo in pickle ; the croflé I might perceiue, as the forme ofa fpted-Egle 


in the root of Ferne ; but the man I leaue to be fought for by thofe that haue better ¢yes and indg- 


ment than my felfe. 
Una Serapions. Mufe Frudtus, 
Adams Apple tree. ' Adamis Apple. 


+ Aprill 16. 1633. my much honored friend D". C4rgent (now Prefident of the Colledge of 
Phyfitions of London) gaue mea plant he received ftom the Bermuda’s : the length of the italke 
was fome two foot ; the thickneffe thereof fome feuen inches about, being crefted, and full of a 
foft pith, fo that one might eafily with a knife cutit afiinder. It was crooked a little, or indented, 
fo that each two or three inches fpace it put forth a knot of fome halfe inch thickneffe, and fome 
inch in length,which incompaffed it more than halfe about;and vpn each of thefe ioints or knots, 
in two rankes one aboue another, grew the fruit, fome twenty, ninetecne, eighteene, &c. more’ or 
feffe,ateach knot: for the branch I had, contained nine knots or diuifions, and vpon the loweft 
knot grew twenty, and vpon the vppermott fifteene. The fruit which I receiued was not ripe, but 
greene,each of them was about the bigneffe of a large Beane ; the length of chem fome fiue inches, 
and the bredth fome inch aad halfe: they all hang their heads downewards, hauc rough or vneuen 
ends, andare fiue cornered , and if you turne the vpper fide downward, they fomewhat refemble a 
boat,as you may fee by one of them expreft by it felfe: the huske is as thicke as a Beanes,and will 
eafily thell offit : the pulpe is white and foft : the ftalke whereby itis faftned tothe knot is veric 
fhort, and almoftas thicke as ones little finger. This ftalkewith the fruit thereon I hanged vp in 
my fhop, were it became ripeabout the beginning of May, and Jafted vntil Tune : the pulp or meat 
was very foft and tender, and it did eate fomewhat like aMuske-Melon. Ihaue giuen you the fi- 
gure ofthewhole branch, with the fruitthereon, which I drew as (oone as I receiued ir, and itis 


marked with this figure r. The figure 2. fheweth the fhape ofone particular fruit,with the lower 
ft 
tide 


ann 
—_— 


1516 ~ Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis.3, 3 


fidevpwards. 3. The famecut through the middle longwayes. 4. The famecut fidewayes? 
Lhaue been told (but how certaine itis I know not) that the floures which precede the fruit are 
bell-fathioned, and ofa blew colour. I could obferue no feed in the fruir, it maybe it was be- 
caufe it had been cut from the ftocke fo long before itcame to maturitie. This Plantis found in 
many places of A fia, Africke, and America,efpecially in the hot regions : you may find frequent 
mention of itamongft the fea voyages to the Eaft and Wet Indies, by the name of Plantaines,or 
Platanus, Bannanas, Bonnanas, Bouanas, Dauanas, Poco, cc. fome (as our Author hath faid) haue iud- 
ged itthe forbidden fruit; other-fome, the Grapes brought to Mofés out of the Holy-land. + 


Mufe fructus exactior Icon, 
An exaéter figure of the Plantaine fruit, 


heel BN YS 
y \ OMEN LT. 


DN a) a 
3 wee 
v /YN Ca 


WG gu Msgr 


@ The Place. 
This admitable tree groweth in Egypt, Cyprus, and Syria, neere vnto a chiefe city there called 
‘Alep, which we call Aleppo ; and alfo by Tripolis, not far from thence : it groweth alfo in Cana- 
ra, Decan, Guzarate, and Bengala, places of the Eaft Indies, 


© The Time. : 
{ From the root of this tree fhooteth forth yong fprings or fhoots, which the people take vpand 
| eer for the increafe in the Spring of the yeare, The leaues wither away in September,as is aboue 
aid. 
| a The Names, 
| tj : It is called Mu/aby fuch as trauell to Aleppo : by the Arabians, Mu/aMaum: in Syria, Mofe- 
} The Grecians and Chriftians which inhabit Syria, and the Iewes alfo, fuppofe it to be that tree of 
| whole fruit Adam did tafte ; which others thinke to bea ridiculous fable: of Pliny, Opuntia. 
__ itiscalled in the Eaft Indies(as at Malauarwhere it alfo groweth) Palaz : in Malayo,Pscam vand 
in that part of A frica which we call Ginny, Bananas : in Englith,Adams Apple tree, 


| a. | The Temperature. $ 
Diofcorides and Sevapio iudge, that it heateth in the end of the firft degree, and moiftneth in the 
Ber end of the fame, 
ti bial Id i t ; @ The Vertues. i 
pe ei The fruit hereof yeeldeth but little nourifhment : it is good for the heate of the breaft, lungs, 
and bladder: it ftoppeth the liuer, and hurteth the ftomacke if too much of it be eaten, and pro- 
cureth 


r 


17 


. Lapeg Of the Hifterie of Plants. 


cureth loofeneffe in the belly : whereupon it is requifit for fuchas are of acold\conftitution,in the 
eating thereof to put vato ita little Ginger or other fpice. : 3 

It is alfo good for the reines,or kidnies, and to prouokevrinesit nourifheth the childeinthe mc- p 
thers wombe, and ftirreth to generation. 


Cuars137. Of the Date tree. 


Palwa. Palmarum fructus & flores cum Elate, 
The Date tree. The fruit and floures of thé Date tree. 


| The Defiription. 


He Date tree groweth very great and high : the body or trunke thereof is thicke,and coue- 
red witha fcaly rugged barke, caufed by the falliag away of the leaucs : the boughes grow 
onely on the top, confifting of leaues fet vpon a wooddy middlerib like thofe of Reeds or 

Flags : the inner patt of which rib or ftalke is foft, light, hollow, and {pongie. Among the leaues 
come forth the floures included ina long skinny membrane, as it were a fheath or hofe, like that 
which couvereth the Floure de-Luce before it be blowne,which being opened of it felfe, white 
floures ftart forth, ftanding vpon fhort and flender foor-ftalkes, which are faftened with certaine 
{mall filaments or threddy ftrings like ynto littlé branches : after which {pring out from the fame 
branches the fruit or Dates, which be in fafhion long and round, in tafte fweet, and many times 
fomewhat harfh, of a yellowifh red colour ; wherein is contained a long hard ftone,which is in 
ftead of kernell and feed , thewhich I haue planted many times inmy Garden, and haue growne 
to the height of three foot:but the fir fro& hath nipped them in fuch fort, that foone after 
they perifhed,notwithftanding my induftrie by couering them, or what elfe I could doe for their 
fuccour. 


@ The Place. ( 
The Date trces grow plentifully in Africa and Egypt; but thofe which are in Paleftina and 
’ Mmmmmm Syriay 


aS the Hiftorie of Plants, eas iB. i. 


= 


Syria bethe beft:thcy grow likewife in moft places of the Eaft and Welt Indies,where there be di. 
uers forts, as well wilde, as tame or manured. 
e| The Time, 

The Date tree is alwaies green, and floureth in the Spring time: the fruit is tipe In September, 
and being then gathered they are dried in the Sunne, that they may be the better both tran{ported 
‘ato other countries far diftant,as alfo preferued from rotting at home. 

‘ gq The Names. 

The tree is called inGrecke, Ȣ : in Latine, Palma - in Englifh, Date tree. 

The fruitis named in Grecke, perc goniem: that 1s to fay,Glans Palmarum, or the fruit of the Date 
trees :and by one word, omnetanéee : in Latine, Palmula : in fhops, Dactylus : in high-Dutch,@atte= 
Jets in low-Dutch, Bavdelen sin Italian, Dartolé : in French,Datres . in Spanith,Tamaras,and Dat- 
tiles : in Englifh, Date. j 

The cod or fheath wherein the floures and Dates are wrapped, is called itm: and of fome,p'pz0n. 


@ The Temperature and Vertues, 
A Allmannerof Dates whatfoever are hard of digeftion, and caufe head-ache: the worfer fort be 
thofe that be dry and binding, as the Egyptian Dates ; but the foft, moift,and fiveet ones are leffe 
hurrfull. : 
The bloud which is ingendred of Dates in mans body is altogether groffe, and fomewhat clam- 
; my :by thefe the liver is very quickly topped, efpecially being inflamed and troubled with fome 
hard fwelling :fois the fpleene likewife. 

Cc The Dates which grow in colder regions,when they cannot come to perfec ripeneffe,if they be 


Se 
w 


— ee Es 


eaten too plentifully, do fill the body full ofraw humors, ingender wirde, and oft times caufe the 
leprofie, ee - 
The drier forts of Dates,as Diefcorides faith, be good for thofe that fpet bloud, for fuch as haue 
bad ftomacks, and for thofealfo that be troubled with the bloudy flix. 
The beft Dates, called in Latine C.ryore, are good for the roughneffe of the throat and lungs. 
There is made hereof both by the cunning Conte@tioners and Cookes, diners excellent cordi- 
all, comfortable, and nourifhing medicines, and that procure luft of the body very mightily. 
They doalforefreth and refiore {uch vnto ftrength as are entring intoa confumption, for they 
ftrengthen the feebleneff of the liver and {plecne, being made into conuenient broths,and phyfi- 
call medicines directed by a learned Phytitian. 
Va H = Dry Dates do Mop thebel!ly, and flay vomiting, and the wambling of womens flomackes that 
; arewith childe, if they be either caten in meates or otherwife,or ftamped and applic d vnto the fto- 

i macke asa pectoral] plaifter. oh iM ; : 

I The athes of the Date ftones haue a binding qualitie,and emplaftick facultie,they heale puthes 
in the eyes, Staphylomata, and falling away of the haire of the eye lids, being applied together with 
Spikenard : with wine it keepeth proud fleth from growing in wounds. 

K The boughes and leaues do cuidently binde, but efpecially the hofe, that is to fay,the fheath or 
cafe of the floures: and therefore it is good to vfe thefe fo oft as there is nced of binding, 

L The leaues and branches of the Date tree doheale greene wounds and vicers, refrefh and coole 
hot inflammations. : : ; 

M Galen in his booke of Medicines according to the kindes mentioneth a compofition called Diz- 
palma, which is to be ftirred with the bough of a Date tree in ftead of a fpature or a thing to 
ftirre with, for no other caufe than that it may receiue thereby fome kinde of aftriGion or binding 
force, 


QO Wm oO 


Curae, 338. Of the wilde Date trees. 


| The Nefcription. 


at i I  Heophraftus maketh this plant to bea kinde of Date tree,but low and of {mall growth, 
i J ‘1 feldome attaining aboue thebeight of a cubit:on the top whereof fhoor forth for 
: ' Sa the moft part long leaues like thofe of the Dare tree, but leffer and fhorter; from the 
{ “4 fides whercof breakes forth a buth of threddy ftrings : among which rifeth vp {mall branches gar- 
| : Mh nifhed with clutters of white floures, in which before they be opened are tobe feene vnperfed 
On | Hid shapes of leaues, clofely compaffed about with an innumerable fort of thin skinny hulls ; which 
j : ha iude fhapes with the floures are ferued vp and eaten at the fecond courfe among other iunkets,with 

alittle faltand pepper, being pleafanttothe tafte, + Theftalke isaboutthe thicknes of ones 


little 


Lip, 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1519 


1 Palmites, five Chamarriphes. 
The little wilde Date tree. 


2) 
UNS 
Sa Ae 


+ Fructus Palmapini. 
The fruit of the Cone- Date; 


2 Palmeapinus, fine Palma contfera. 
The wilde Date tree bearing cones? 


“ 
e 


litele finger, here and there fet with a few 
crooked pricks:the leaues within fome hand- 
full ortwo ofthe ftalke are cuit vp and made 
into little befomes, which are fold in many 
glaffefhopshere in London. + 

2  Thewilde Date tree that brings forth 
cones or key-clogs, is of moft trauellers into 
the Indies thought tobe barren of Dates,ex- 
cept fometimes it yeeldeth forth fome {mall 
berries like vnto Dates, but dry, and nothing 
worth. This tree groweth to the height and 
bigneffe of a low tree, the trunke or body 
whereof is foft, of a fuingous or pithy fub- 
ftance,vnfit for building, as is the manured 
Date tree: the branch it felfe was brought 
vnto vs fromthe Indies, dry & void of leaues, 
wherefore we muft defcribe the leaues by re- 
port ofthebringer. The branches (faith my 
Author) are couered ouer withlong flaggie 
leaues, hanging downe of a great length like 
thofe of the Date tree: the branchesare alfo 
couered with a fealy or fcabbedbarke, verie 
rough, one feale or plate lying ouer another, 
as tiles vpona houfe: the fruit growes at the 
end of the branches, not vnlikea great Pine 
Apple cone, couered ouer with a skinne like 
the Indian Nut: wherein is contained a (hel, 
within which fhell lieth hid an acorn or long 

Mmmmmm 2 kernel 


en 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants, . L 1B3. 


———— 


{ofaninch long, and fometimes longer, very hard to be broken, in tafte like the Cheftnut ; 
which the fanage people do grate and ftampe to pouder to make them bread. : 
@ The Place, 
Theophraft us faith the firft growes in Candy, but much more plentifully in Cilicia, and are now 
found in certaine places of Italy by the fea fide, and alfo in diuers parts of $paine. 
other hath been found by trauellers into the Weft Indies, fromwhence haue bin bronsht 
ed branches with the fruir. 4 


the n2 
@ The Time, 
The time anfwereth that of the manured Date tree. 
: @ The Names. 

The little Date tree orwilde Date tree is named of T heophrafius, sausjteie : in Na les, Cephaglio- 
ne : in Latine commonly Palmites. Thatwhich is found in the midft of the yong {prings, and is 
vied to be catenin banquets, is called in Greeke, tyapaie rounme : in Latine,Palme cerebrum,the brain 
ofthe Date tree, 

a The Temperature and ¥ crtues. 

A, Gales fappofeth that the brain of the Date tree confifterh of fundry parts,that is to fay,ofacer= 
taine watcrie and warme fubftance, and ofan earthy and cold ; therefore it is moiftand cold,with 
acertaine aftriction or binding qualitie, , 

B _Beir taken as a meait ingendreth raw humors and winde, and therefore it is good tobe eatett 
with pepper and fale. 


Cuar. 39. Of the drunken Datetree. 


; . Areca, fine Faufel. 
| : ti - The drunken Date tree, 
; i i 
: bi 
- 4 t , 
af i} 
| 
} } 
; 
; } 
- : 
ae 
Ber it 
‘ \ iH J 
iets \ if 
! H uf 
We 
ih 
hw 
iq 


a gq The Defcription, a ea 
Tae drunken Date tree, which Caralus Clufivs calleth Faufel, isan Indian tree of a great bignes; 
\ the timberwhercofis very foft and fpongious, exceeding fmooth and plaine vnto a great 

= ace a ecie Se = ieishe, 


Lis.3. Of the HiftoryofPlants. SCs 


height,not poffible tobe climbed vp , and therefore the Indians for.their cafier afeending vp, at 
fome diftances do tie round about the tree certaine wyths or ropes made of the barkes of trees, as 
may be perceiued by the figure, whereby very cafily they govp and downe to gather the fruit at 
their pleafure. The topofthe tree is diuided into fundry branches, in fubftance like to the great 
cane ; whereupon do grow faire flaggie leaues like thofe of the Palme or Date tree,whereot doubt- 
leffe this is a wilde kinde : from the bottome of which branches commeth forth fruit in long bun- 
ches like traces of Onions, couered witha foft pulpe like vnto the Wall-nut, rough, and verie full 
ofhaire ofa yellowith colour, and like the dried Date when it is ripe: within which huske is con- 
tained fruitlike vntothe Nutmeg, but greater, very hard,and ftriped ouer with red and white 
veines, of finues, 


@ The Place, Time, and Names, 


This Date tree, which the Arabians call Faufel, that is by interpretation, Awellana Indica,the In- 
dian Nut or Filberd, -4wicen and Serapio call Filfel, and Fufél, It groweth in the Eaft Indies in di- 
uers and fundry places, as in Malauar, where vulgarly itis called Pac ; and of the Nobles and Gen- 
tlemen, Areca : which name is vfedamongft the Portugals which dwell in thofe Indies : in Guza- 
rateand Decan it is called Cupare : in Zeilan, Poaz»: in Malaca, Pinan : in Cochin, Chacani : in Ene 
glith, the drunken Date tree, which name we haue coined from his qualitie,becaufe the fruit ma- 
keth thofe drunke that eate thereof. 

@ The Temperature. 


- Itis cold and dry in the fecond degree. 
q The Vertues. 


The fruit of -4reca before it be ripe is reckoned among ft the ftupefactiue or aftonifhing medi- 
cines ; for whofoeuer eateth thereof waxeth drunke, becaufe it doth exceedingly amafe and afto- 


nih the fenfes. 
When the Indians are vexed with fome intolerable ache or paine, or muft of neceffirie endure 


fome great torment or tortnre,then do they take of this fruit,whereby the rigor of that pain which 
otherwife they thould feele, is very much mitigated. 

The iuice of the fruit of avecadoth ftrengthen the gums, faften the teeth,comfort the ftomack, 
ftay vomiting and loofeneffe of the belly : it doth alfo purge the body from congealed or clorted 
bloud gathered within the fame. 


Cuar.14o, Of the fndian Nut tree. 


@] The Defcription. 


I He Grecians haue not known, but the Arabians haue mentioned this Indian Nut tree, 
the body whereof is very great, {mooth and plaine, void of boughesor branches, of a 
greatheight; wherefore the Indians dowrap ropes about the body thereof,as they doe vpon the 
tree laft defcribed, for their more cafe in gathering the fruit: the timber whereof is verie fpongie 
within, but hard without, a matter firtomake their Canoos and boats of:on the top of the tree 
grow the leaues like thofe of the Date tree, but broad, and fharpe at the point as thornes, whereof 
they vfeto make needles, bodkins, and fuch like inftruments, wherewith they fow the failes of 
their thips,and do fuch like bufineffe : among thefe leaues come forth clufters of floures like thofe 
ofthe Cheftnut tree, which turne into great fruit ofa round forme, and fomwhat fharp at one end ; 
inthat end next vnto the tree is one hole, fomtimes two bored through: this Nut or fruit is wrap- 
ped ina couerture, confifting ofa fubftance not vnlike to hempe before it be beaten foft: there is 
alfo a finer and gentler ftuife next vnto the fhell, like vnto Flax before it be made foft : in the mid- 
dlewhercof is contained a great Nut couered witha very hard fhell, ofa browne colour before it 
be polithed, afterward of a blacke fhining colour like burnifhed horne: next vnto the fhell vpon 
the infide there cleaueth awhite cornelly fubftance firme and follid, of the colour and tafte of a 
blanched Almond : within the cauitie or hollownes thereof is contained a moft dele¢table liquor 
like vnto milke, and ofa moft pleafant tafte. 

2 Webauenocerraine knowledge from thofe.that haue trauclled into the Indies, of the tree 
which beareth this little Indian Nut; neither haue we any thing ofour owne knowledge, more, 
than that we fee by experience that the fruit hereof is leffer, wherein confifteth the difference. 

+ The other, exprefled in the fame table with the former, by the name of « Mehenbethene,Cluf- 
ws receiued it by the fame name from Cortufus of Padua : yet it doth not (as hee faith) well agree 
with the defeription ; and he rather approues of their opinion who refer it to the Nux vnguentaria; 

Mmnmmmm 3 ot 


a 


_— 


zee “5 


ee 


oe ee, 


a 


i 
| 
t 
i 


Of theHiftory of Plants: Lath x 


1922 : 
1 Nux Indica arbor, Nux Indica. 


The Indian Nut tree. The Indian Nut. 


LY 


pias 


SS \ 
= 
— 


SULLEDW 


2 Nucula Indica. 
The little Indian Nut. 


or Ben.It is fome inch long, of a triangular 
figure, witha hard and wooddy thel:which 
broken, fhewes three cells or partitions, in 
each whereof is contained a long kernell 
whiteand feet. ¢ 

g The Place. 

This Indian Nut groweth in fome pla- 
ces of Africa, and in the Eaft Indies,and in 
all the Iflands of the Weft Indies, efpeci-. 
ally in Hifpaniola, Cuba, and Saint Iohns 
Ifland, and alfo vpon the continent by Car- 
thagena, Nombre de Dios, and Panama,and 
in Virginia, otherwife called Norembega, 
part of the fame continent, for the moft 
part neere vnto the fea fide,and in moift 
places, but it is feldome found in the vp- 
landifh countries, 

@] The Time, 
itgroweth greene Winter and Sommer. 
Q The Names, 

The fruit is called in Latine, Nux Indica : of the Indians, Cocus : of the Portugals that dwell in 
the Eaft Indies, Cocco, taken from the end, wherein are three holes teprefenting the head of a Mon- 
kie : Serapio and Rhafis do call this tree Taralnare, id eff, Arborem Nuciferam, the tree bearing Nuts : 
of Auicen, Glauci al hend : of thev ulgar people, Waro,and the fruit Navel ; which name Nare/ is com- 
monamong the Perfians and Arabians tit is called in Malauar, Tengamaran : the ripe fruit, Tenga 5 
and the greene fruit, Eleri : in Geait is called Lavhay - in Malaio, Triccaa : and the Nut, chor. 

The diftilled liquor is called Sula 3 and the oilethat is made thereof, Copra. 


ae : | The Temperature, 
It is ofa meane temper betwixt hor and cold, 


L i. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1523 


G The Vertues and ve. 

The Indians do vfe to cut the twigs and tender brahches toward the euehing, at the ends where- A 
of they haue bottle gourds,hollow canes, and fuch like things, fit toreceiue the water that drop- 
peth from the branches thereof,which pleafant liquor they drinke in ftead of wine; from the which 
is drawne a {trong and comfortable Aqua Vitz, which they vfe in time of need againftall manner 
of fickneffes,of the branches and boughes they make their houfes,of the trunk or body of the tree, 4 
fhips and boates ; of the hempon the outward part of the fruit,they make ropes and cables ; and of 
the finer ftuffe,failes for their fhips. ' 

Likewife they make of the fhell of the Nut,cups to drinke in,which we likewife vfe in England B 
garnithed with filuer for the fame purpofes. The kernell ferueth them for bread and mear;the 
milkie iuice doth ferue to coole and refreth their wearied {pirits : out of the kernel when it is ftam- 
ped,is preffed'a moft precious oile,not onely good for meat,but alfo for medicine, wherewith they 
annoint their fecblc lims after their tedious trauell,by meanes whereof the ache and paine is miti- 
gated,and other infirmities quite taken away proceeding of other caufes. : 


x Draco arbor. Draconis fructus. 
The Dragon tree. The Dragon tree frait? 
Drntonra? rato 


ccercNiyy i) 
7 i i 


= M, 
1 


a 
SSS 


@ The Defiription. 


T His ftrange and admirable tree groweth very great,refembling the Pine tree, by reafon it doth 
alwaies flourith,and hath his boughes or branches of equal length and bigneffe,which are bare 
and naked, of eight or nine cubits long,and of the bigneffe ofa mans arme:ftom the ends of which 
do fhoot out leaues ofa cubit and a halfelong, and full two inches broad, fomewhar thicke, and 
raifed-vp in the middle,then thinner and thinner like a two edged fword : among which come forth 


little moffie floures,of {mall moment, and turne intoberries,of the bigneffe of Cherries, of a yel: 
ame lowifh 


lowith colour,round, light and bitter,couered witha threefold skin or filme, wherein is tobe feene, 
as Monardus and diuers other report;the forme ofa Dragon, hauing a long necke or gaping mouth; 
» the ridge or backe armed with fharpe prickles,like the Porcupine,it hath alfoa long taile, & foure 
feet,very eafie tobe difcerned:the figure of it we hauc fer forth vnto you according to the grear- 
neffe thereof,becaufe our words and meaning may be the better vnderftood, and alfo the leafe of 
the tree in his full bignefle,becaufe it is impoffible tobe expreffed in the figure : the trunke or bo. 
cy of the tree is couered with a rough barke,very thin,and eafie to be opened or wounded wich an 
{mal! toole or inftrument,which being fowounded in the Dog daies, bruifed or bored, doth yeeld 
forth drops ofa thicke red liquour,which of the name of the tree are called Dragons teares, or San. 
guts Draconis, Dragons bloud : divers haue doubted whether the liquour or gummie iuice were all 
‘one with Cinnabarisof D1ofcorides (not meaning that Cinaber made of Quickfiluer)but the recejued 
Opinion is,they differ not,by reafon their qualitie and temperature worke the like effe@. 
G The Place. 

This tree groweth inan Ifland which the Portugals call Madera , and in one of the Canarie 
Iflands, called Infila Portus Sancti, and as it feemeth it was firtt brought out of Africke, although 
fome are of a contrary opinion,and fay,that it was firft brought from Carthagena, in America, by 
the Bifhop of the fame Prouince, : 


The Time. 
The time of his growing we haue touched in the defcription, where wee faid that it fouritherh 
and groweth greene all the yeare. 
q The Names. 
The names haye beene fufficiently {poken of in the deferi ption and in their feuerall titles. 
7 | The Temperature and Vertues. 

A 4. The Sanguis Draconis which is thought to proceed from this tree hath an aftringent faculey, 
and is with god fucceffevfed inthe ouermuch flowing of the courfes,in fluxes, Dyfenteries, {pit- 
ting of bloud, faftening loofe teeth,and fuch other affe&s which require aftriGtion. 

B _ Smithsalfo vfe it tovarnith ouer their workes to giue them a fanguine colour, and keep them 
from rufts$ 


t ae Cuar. 142: Ofthe Saffafras,or eA gue tree. 
. | |] The Defiription. 


ig Saffafras tree grows very great,much like vnto the Pine tree: the trunke or body is ftraighe, 

' 4 {mooth,and void of boughes,of a great height: it iscouered witha two fold groffe rinde, the 

vppermoft of the colour of afhes,that next the wood ofa tawnie colour: on the top come forth ma- 

ny goodly branches, like thofe of the Palme tree,whereon doe grow greene leaves, fomewhat like 

: thofe of the Fig tree,of a fweet {mell when they be greene,but much fweeter when they bedry, de. 
clining to the fmell of Fenell,with much fweetneffe in tafte: they are greene Winter and Sommer, 

neither bearing fruit nor floures,but is altogether barren asir is faid: theroots are grofie, confor- 
mable to the greatneffe of the tree,of a tawnie colour, difperfing themfelues far abroad vnder the 
vpper cruft of the earth,by meanes whereof they are often caftdowne with meane blaftso winde, 
| } + Thewood of the tree is very ftrong,hard andbrittle, it hathnot fo ftrong & ¥pleafant {mel as 
i that of the root, neither is it in fuch vie. The leaues are of two forts, fome lon® and {midoth, and 

| not fhipt about the edges ; other-fome, and thofe chiefely on the ends of the branches, are deep- 
| ly gathed in, as it were dinided into three feuerall parts. I haue given the figure of a branch 
H 
\ 
{ 


id ‘i taken froma little tree, which grew in the Garden of Mafter Wilmore at Bow, who died fome few 
Th a. yearcs agoe, ~ 
i bey i i q The Place. 
i ieet it af : bitiat “ 
Way oS ie Ns ‘ - 
aa ia This tree groweth in the moft parts of the Weft Indies, efpecially about the cape of Florida 
ry Ly i 


W ingandico,and V irginia,otherwife named Norembega, 


j 

‘ ‘ i ve q The Time. 
li ‘ It flourifheth and keepeth greene Winter and Sommer. 
tH 


Ue ae Wi ; q The 


Lin3  Oftthe Hiftoric of Plants, 1525 


Sofeafras. \; @ The Name. 

a all The Spaniards and French men haue na. 
med this tree, Saffafras : the Indians in their 
tongue, Pavame: tor want of an Englifh name 
weare contented tocall it the Ague tree, of 
his vertue in healing the Ague. 

The Temperature. 

The boughes and branches hereofare hot 
& dry in the fecond degree ; the rinde is hor- 
ter,for that it entreth intothe third degree of 
heate and drineffe,as is manifeftly perceiued 
in the deco@ion. 

a The Vertues. 

The beft of all the tree is the root,and that 4: 
worketh the beft effe@, the which hath the 
rinde cleauing very faft to the inner part,and 
is of colour tawnie,and much more fweet of 
{mell than all the tree and his branches. ° 

The rinde tafteth of a more fweet fmell g 
than the tree , and the water being fod with 
the root is of greater and better effects than 
any other part of rhe tree, and isof a more 
{weet {mell, and therefore the Spaniards vfe 
it, for that it worketh better agd greater ef. 
fe&s. 

Itis atree that groweth neerevntothe fea, @ 
and in temperate places thathauenot much ~ 
drouth, nor moiftuse. There be mountaines 
growing full of them, and they caft farth a 
moft fiveet fmell, fo that at the beginning 

when they faw them firft, they thought they 

had been treesof Cinnamon, & in part they ° 

were not deceiued : for that the rinde of this tree hath as fweet a fmellas Cinamon hath,and doth 

imitate it in colour and fharpneffe of tafte,and pleafantneffe of {mell: and fothe water that is made 
of itis of a moft fiveet {mell and tafte,as the Cinamon is,and procureth the fame works and effects 
as Cinamon doth, 

The wood hereof cut in {mal pieces and boiled in water,to the colour of Claret wine,and drunk py 
for certaine daies together, helpcth the dropfie,remoueth oppilation or ftopping of the liuer, cu- 
reth quotidian and tertian agues, and long feuers. Nic 

The root of Saffafras hath power to comfort the liver, and to free from oppilations, tacomfort & 
the weakeand fecble ftomacke,to caufe good appetite,to confume windineffe,the chicfeft caufe of 
cruditie and indigeftion,ftay vomiting,and make fweet a ftinking breath. 

It prouoketh vrine,remoueth the impediments that doe caufe barrenneffe, and maketh women B 
apt to conceiue. 


Cuar. 143. Of the Storax tree. 
| The Defiription. 


T He Storax tree groweth tothe height and bigneffe of the Quince tree: the trunke or bodie is 
couered witha barke orrinde like vntothe Birch tree : the branches are fmalland limmer, 
whereon do grow leaues like thofe of the Quince tree, greenifh aboue, and whitifh vnderneath:a- 
mong which come forth white floutes, like thofe of the Orange tree, ofanvnpleafant fmell: after 
commeth the fruit or berries, {tanding vpon long and flender foorftalks, couered ouer witha little 
woollineffe,of the bigneffe of a bladder nut, and of the fame colour ; wherein is contained {mall 

feed ; 


feed, whereunto alfo cleaue ccrtaine gummie 

Styrax arbor; teares,bearing the name of the tree, and which 

The Stdraxteee, iffue from the trunk or body when itis wounded, 
@ The Place. 

This tree groweth in diuers places of France, 
Italy and Spaine, where it bringeth forth little 
orno gumatall; it groweth in ludza,Pamphy- 
lia, Syria,P ifidia, Sidon, and many other places 
of Iurie or Paleftine, as alfo in divers Iflands in 
the Mediterranean fea,namely Cyprus, Cand y; 
Zant,and other places, where it bringeth forth 
his gummy liquour in full perfeétion of fweer- 
neffe, and alfo in great plenty,where it is gathe- 
red and put into great Canes or Reeds, whereof 
as fome deeme it took the name Calamita;others 
deeme of the leaves of Reeds wherein they wrap 
it: hereof Ihauetwo final! trees in my garden, 
the which I raifed of feed, 

q The Time, 

It floureth in May, and the fruie is fipe in 

September, 


@ The Names, 

This tree, asmay be gathered by fome, was 
called Styrax, by reafon of thar gum or liquour 
which srogeirer es the fame, being like vnto 
the holow pipes of Ife, thar hang at the eaues of 
houfes in Winter,called Styria,or of the Canes 
orthe leaties of Reeds fpoken of befose: in La- 
tine, Stovax Calamite: in Englith, Storax, which 
is kept in Canes orthe leauies of Reeds : there 
Alowerh from fome of thefe trees a certain gum- 
mie liquor,which neuet groweth naturally hard, 
j i ; but remaineth alwaies thinne,which is called li- 

1 | i quid Styrax,or Storax, 
i! ' a The T cosperature, 
; The gum of this tree is of an heating,mollifying,and concocting qualitie, 
1 q The Vertues, 
| A Ithelpeth the cough, the falling downe of rheumes and humours into thecheft, and hoarfnefie 
othe voice: it alfobelpeth the noifeand founding of the cares, preuaileth againft Strumasor the 
Kings euil!,nodes on the nerues,and hard fweilings proceeding of acold caufe: it preuaileth alfo 
j againft all cold poifons,as Hemlocks and fuch like, ! 
{ ®  Ofthis gum there are made fundry excellent perfumes, pomanders, fiveet waters, fiveet bags, 
f and {weet wafhing balls, and diuers other fiveet chaines & bracelets, whereof towrite were imper= 
; 1a tinent to this hiftorie. 


i 
Vi 


Cuar,i4g. Of the Sorrowful tree or Fndian Mourner, 


q The Defcription, 


A Rbor tri(tis,the fad or forrow full tree waxeth as big as an Oliue tree, garnifhed with many good. 

_* ly branches, fet full of leaves like thofe of the Plum tree: among which come forth mfo{t odo- 
tiferous and {weet fmelling floures,whofe ftalkes are of the colour of Saffron, which flourifh and 
thew themf{clues onely in the night cime,and in the day time looke withered andwitha mourning 
cheere : the leaves alfo at that time fhrinke in them{elues together,much like a tender plant thar is 
froft bitten,very fadly lumping, lowring, and hanging downe the head, as though it loathed the 
light,and could not abide the heateof che Sun. I thould bur in vain lofe labour in repeating a foo. 
lith fanfie of the Poeticall Indians,who would make fooles beleeue, that this tree was once a faire 
danghrerofa great Lord or King,and that the Sun was in loue with her, with other toies which I 


Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory‘ot Plants. 


627 
Arbor triftis. omit. $ The floures are white, Tenewhns 
The forrowfull tree. like thofe of Iafmine, buemore double, ard 


they are ofa very fweet fel! : there fucceed 
them many little cods, containing fome {ix 
feeds a picce fomewhat like rhofe of Stramo- 
nium. ¥ 

@ The Place,Time, and Names. 

_ This tree groweth in the Eaft Indies,efpe- 
cially in Goa,and Malayo:in Goait is cal- 
led PariXataco : in Malayo,Singadi: in Decan, 
Pul: ofthe Arabians,Guart: and of the Perfi- 
ans and Turkes, Gul: in Englith, the Sador- 
Sorrow full trec,or the Indian mourner. The 
time is {pecified in the defeription, 

| The Temperature and Vertues. 

We haue no ceartaine knowledge of the 
temperature hereof, neuertheleffewe tead 
that the indians do colour their brothes and. 
meates with the ftalkes of the floures here- 
of in ftead of Saffron, or whatfoeuer that 
they defire to haue of a yellow colour. 


theeyes bathed and wathed therewith, hel- 
peth the itching and painc therofand ftaieth 
the humours that fall downe to the fame, 

There is made of the fplinters of the wood 
certaine tooth-pickes, and many pretty toies 
for pleafure. 


a 
Cuar. 145. Of the Balfam tree. 


@ The Kindes. 


qlee bediuers forts of trees from which do flow Balfames,very different one fram another, not 
onely in forme,but alo in fruit, liquour,and place of growing ; the which todiftinguith would 
require more time and trauell than either our {mall timewil affoord, or riches for our maintenance 
todifcouer the fame in shee naturall countries : which otherwife by report to fet downe certaine 
matter by incertainties,would difcredit the Author, and no profit fhall arife thereby to the Rea. 
der : notwith{tanding we wilfer downe fo muchas we haue found in theworkes of fome trauellers, 


which beft agree with the truth of the hiftoric. 


@ The Defcription. 

t Here be diuers trees growing in the Indies, whofe fruits are called by the name of the 
fruit of che Balfam tree : among the reft this whofe figure we haue fet forth vnto your 
view,we our felues haue feene and handled ; and therefore the better able to deferibe it.Itisa fruit 
very crooked,and hollowed like the palme of an hand,two inches long, halfe an inch thicke, coue- 
red with a thicke fmooth tinde, of thecolour of a drie Oken leafeswherein is contained a kernel! 
(of the fame length and thickneffe,aptto fil the faid fhellor rinde) of the fub {tance ofan Almond; 

of the colour of athes, fat,and oilieofa good {mell,and very vnpleafant in tafte. 

2 Thewood we haue dry brought vnto vs from the Indics for our vfe in Phy ficke (a {mall de- 
{eription may ferue fora dry fticke) neuertheleffe wee hauc other fruits brought from the Indies, 
whofe figures are not fet forth,by reafon they are not fo well knowne as defired , whereof onc is of 
the bignes of a Wal-nut,fomewhat broad on the vppet fide,witha rough or rugged thel], vneuen, 
blacke of colour,and full ofa white kernell,with much iuice in itjofa pleafanc tafte and fmell, like 
theoile of Mace : the whole fiuit is exceeding light,in refpect of the quantitic or bignefie, cuen as 

it 
\ 


Itis reported, that if alinnen cloth be ftee- B 
ped in the diftilled watcr of the floures; and . 


Eee ete nnn en a 
la 


1528 Of the Hifterie of Plants. L1s.3: 


it were a piece of Corke,which norwithftanding finketh to fie: : . 
water,like as doth a ftone, SST he bottome when it falleth into the 


3 Balfami fructus? t Td 
i ‘ 3 Balfamum Alpini cum Carpobalfamo; 
The fruit of the Balfam tree; The Balfam tree Witte foe 


U2) eM) ‘i 


) yl 
yg 2 Wh \ 
1) A 


if 
ny | 
> 


ith Garcias,that beareth the frnit Carpobal/amum,is alfo one of the Balfam trees:it 
and bigneffe ofthe Pomegranate tree,garnifhed with very many branches : 
like thofe of Rue,but of colour whiter, alwaies growing grecne:among ft 
hereof we haue no certaintie: after which commeth forth fruit like 
hich in fhoppes is called Carpobalfamum, of a pleafant {mell , but the 
ded tree is much fweeter: which liquour of fomeis called 


) 

} 3) Thistree,fa 
groweth to the height 
whereon do grow leaues 
which come forth floures, w 
that of the Turpentine tree,w 
liquour which floweth from the woun: 


Opobalfamum.. : 
rit a large Dialogue of the Balfam of the Antients, andalfo figured 


+ “Profper Alpinus hath writ a larg 
and deliuered the hiftorie thereof in his booke De Plant.«Aigypticap.1 4.whcther I refer the curious 
T haue prefented youwith a flip from his tree,and the (arpobalfamum fer forth by our Author,which 


feemes to be of the fame plant. The leaues of this are like to thofe of Lenti/cus, alwaies greene,and 
winged,growing three, fiue, ot feuen faftened toone foot-ftalke;the wood is gummie,reddith, and. 
well {melling ; the floures are {mall and white like thofe of Acatia,growing v{ually three nigh to- 
gether : the fruitis of the fhape and bigneffe of that of the Turpentine tree,containing yellow and 
well fmelling feeds, filled witha yellowith moifture like honey, their tafte is bitterith,& fomwhat 


| i wT 
Bh { biting the tongue. + ; 
} Of thefe Balfam trees there is yetanother fort : the fruit whereofis as itwere a kernell without 

| a fhell,couered witha thin skin ftraked with many veines ofa browne colour : the meat is firm and 


folid like the kernell ofthe Indian Nut,of a white colour,and without fmell, but ofa grateful taft; 
hot inthe firft degree, or in the beginning of the fecond. F i 
hich might be omitted becaufe of tedioufneffe:nevertheleffe I wil 
UE ne ecs worthy the noring;there is, faith my Author,in America a great 
Bi tree of monftrous hugeneffe,befet with leaues and boughes cuen to the ground, the trunke wherof 
is conered witha twofold bark,the one thick like vnto Corke,& another thin next to the tree:from 


i 
ei betweenewhich barks doth flow (the vppet barke being wounded a white Bal fam like vato teares 
or 


} bat aR 

j i} and it is thought tobe 

m4 it There be diuers forts more,w 
A ; : 

trouble youwith two fpeciall tr 


or drops,ofa moft feet favour, and fingular effects, for one drop of this which thus diftiNet!, ou 
of the tree, is worth a pound of that which is tade by decoétion: the fruit hereof is fmall in ay 
{ped of the others; it feléome exceedeth the bignes ofa Peafe, of a bitter ratte, inclofed ina na : 
row huske,of the length ofa finger, fomething thin, and of a white colour; which the ANAS mn 
vie againtt head-ache: which fruit of moft is that we haue beforedefcribed,called Carpoba Namur 

It is alfo written,that in the Ifland called Hi/paniola ; there groweth a {mall tree,of the height of 
two men,without the induftry of man, hauing ftalkes or ftems of the colour of atthes , whereon do 
grow grcene leaues, fharpe at borh ends, but more greene on the vpper fide than on the lower ; ha- 
uing a middle rib fomewhat thicke and ftanding out; the foot-ftalkes whereon they stow ate. 
fomewhat reddith : among which leaues commeth fruit growing by clufters, as long isa mans 
hand,fingers anid all: the {tones or graines in the fruit be few, and greene ; but growing to rednefle 
more and mote as the fruitwaxeth ripe. From thewhich is gathered a juice mferttistmancerthe 
take the young fhootes and buds of the tree, and alfo the clufters of the fruit, which they bruife, 
and boile in water tothe thickeneffe of hony, which being ftrained, they keepe it for their vfes ) 

They vie it againtt wounds and vicers; it ftoppeth and ftancheth the bloud; maketh hiss 
cleane ; briageth vp the fleth, and healeth rhem mightily, and with better fucce@e than true Bal- 
fame. The branches of the tree being cut,’ caft forth by drops acertaine cleare water. more 
worth than Aqua vite, mot wholefome agatnit wounds, and all other difeafes proceedin 5 from 
cold caufes, if it be drunken fome few daies together. 8 

T he Place. 
Thefe trees grow indiuers parts of the wo tld, {ome in Agypt, and moft of thofe countries adia- 
cent: there groweth of them in the Eaftand Weft Indies ; as trauelletg in thofe parts report. 
4 The Time, 
Thefe trees for the moft part keepe greene winter and Sommer. 
| The Names. 

Balfame is called in Greeke, séaceu: in Latine alfo Balfamum : of the Arabians Balfini, Balefiza 
and Belfar - in Italian, Balfamo ; in French, Baume, : 3 

The liquor that floweth out of the tree when it is wounded, is called Opobalfamum : the wood 
Xylobalfarsuns : the fruit Carpobalfamum : and the liquor which naturally floweth from the tree in 
Aigypt Balfamum , 

@ The Temperature. 

Balfame is hotand dry in the fecond degree, with aftriction. 

. q The Vertues. 

Natural! Balfame taken in a morning fafting, with a little Rofe water or wine, to the quantitie 
Of fiue or fix drops, helpeth thofe that be afthmatike, or hort of winde: it preuaileth againft the 
paines of the bladder,and ftomacke,and comforteth the fame mightily; and alfo amendeth a ftin- 
king breath,& takes away the fhaking fits of the quotidian egue, if it be taken two or three times. 

It helpeth confumptions,clenfech the barren wombe,efpecially being annointed vpon a peffary 
or mother fuppofitorie,and vied. ' 2 

The ftomacke being annointed therewith, digefion is helped thereby; it alfo preferueth the 
ftomacke from obftructions and windineffe ; ithelpeth the hardneffe of the fpleene ; eafeth the Cc 
griefes of the reines and belly, proceeding of cold cautfes. 

Italfo taketh away all manner of aches, proceeding of cold caufes, if they be annointed there- 
with, but more {peedily , ifa linen cloth bewet therein, and laid thereon: vfed in the fame man- 
ner, itdiffolueth hard tumors, called edemata,and ftrengthneth the weake members. ; 

The fame refrefheth the braine, and comforteth the parts adioining , it helpeth the palfie, con- 
vulfions,and all griefes of the finewes, if they be annoitned therewith. 

The maruellous effects that it worketh in new and greene wound, were heere too long to fet 
downe,and alfo fuperfluous ; confidering the skilfull Chirurgionwhom it moft concerneth, doth 
know the vie thereof’, and as for the beggerly Quackfaluers, Runnagates, and knauifh Mounti- 
banks, we are not willing to inftruct them in things fo far aboue their reach, capacitic and worthi- 


netle. 


Cuar.146. Of a kinde of Balme, or Balfame Trees 


@| The Defcription. 


Histree which the people of the Indies do call cwoll’, groweth to the bigneffe ofa great tree, 
hauing a trunke or body ofa darke greene colour, fprinkled ouer with many afh coloured 
Nannon ; fpots : 


| 


{pots : the branches are many, and of very great beautie 3 whereupondo grow leaucs not vnlike to 
thofe of the Afh-tree, confifting of many {mall leaues, fet vpona middle rib ; grow ing narrower 
euer towards the point, euery particular one jaged on the fides lie the teeth of a faw - which be- 
ing plucked from the ftem, yeelderh forth a milkie juice,tough and clammie, fauouring like the 
bruifed leaues of Fenell,and as ir feemeth in tafte fomewhat aftringent: the Houres grow in clu- 
fters vpon the twiggie branches, like thofe of the Vinea little before the grapes be formed: after 
fo!loweth the fruit or berries, fomewhat greater than Pepperco.nes, of an oilie fubRance » greene 
at the firft, and of a dake reddith colour when they be ripe. ¢ The firft of the figures was taken 
fron a tree,only of three yeeres growth, bur the Jatter froma tree come to his full growth, as itis 
affirmed in Clufius his Cur, Pofier. It differs only in that the leaucs of the old trees are not atall 
fnipt or diuided on the edges. + 


t Molli,five Molly Clufij,& Lobely. + 2 Molle arboris adulte ramus. 
The Ballame tree of Clufiws and Lobels defcription, A branch of the old treeof Molle. 


ey Arno Vn othe 


@ The Place, 
This tree,faith a learned Phy ition called lod, Fragofus, doth grow in the King of Spaine his 
garden at Madryll,which was the firft that cuer he did (ee: fince which time, hn Ferdinando Se- 


crctary vnto the forefaid king did thew vnto the faid Fragofus in hisowne gardenatree fo large, 


and of fich beautie,that he was neuer fatisfied with looking on it,and meditating vpon the vertues 
thereof. Which words I haue receiued from the hands of a famous learned man, called M'. Lawce- 
fot Browne,D" in Phyficke,and Phyfition to the Queenes Maieltie, at the impreffion hereof; faith. 
fully tranflated our ofthe Spanith tongue, without add ing or taking any thing away. 

They grow plentifully in the vales and low grounds of Peru,as all affirme that have trauelled to 
the VVett Indies;as alfothofe that haue deferibed the fingularities thereof, My felfe with divers 
others,as namely M* Nicholas Lete,aworthipfull Merchant of the Citie of London ; and alfo a 
mot skilfull Apothecary,M®. Lames Garret, who haue receined feeds hereof from the right Hono- 
rable the Lord Hunfdon, Lord high Chamberlaine of England, worthy of triple honour for 
his care in getting, as alfo for his curious keeping rare and ftrange things brought from the far- 
the ff parts of the world , which feedes we haue fowne in our gardens, where they haue brought 
forth plants ofa foot high, and alfo their beautifull leaues : notwithftanding our care, diligence, 


: and 


AE SES SE RR Map nr ae A 
Lis. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1531 


and induftry,they haue perifhed at the firft approch ofwinter, asnot being able by reafon of the; 
tenderneffe toindure thecold of our Winter blafts. yreaton of their 


, ’ @ The Time: 
As touching the time of his flourifhing,and bringing his fruit to maturitie, we hatte as yet no 
certaine knowledge,but is thought to be greene both VVintes and Sommer, 
| The Names. 
This mof notable tree is called by the Indian name c4folle:of fome, Moly, and Muelle, 
his tender foftnefie,as fome haue deemed:it nay be called rhe Fennell tree, 
Balfam trees. 


taken from 
or one of the Balme,or 


© The Temperature, 
This tree is thought to be of anaftringent or binding qualitieswhereby it appeares befides the 
hot temperature it hath,to be compounded of diuers other faculties. 


q The Vertues. 

The Indians vfe to feeth the fruit or berries hereof in water, and by a fj peciall skill they haue in A 
the boiling,domake a moft wholefome wine or drinke,as alfo a kind of vineger,and fometimes ho- 
ny;whicharevery ftrange effects,thefe three things being fo contrary in tafte. 

The leaues boiled,and the decogtion drunke, helpeth them of any difeafe proceeding ofacold B 
caufe. 

The gum which iffueth from the tree, being white like vnto Manna, diffolued in milke, taketh C 
away the web ofthe cies,and cleareth the fight,being wiped ouer with ir. - 

- The barke of this tree boiled,and the legs that be fivolneand full of paine, bathed and wathed D 
with the decoction diuers times,taketh away both infirmities in fhort {pace. 

This tree is of fuch eftimation among the Indians,that they worfhip it asa god, aceording vnto B 
their fauage rites and ceremonies : much like as P/iny reporteth of Homers xoly,the moft renowned 
ofall plants,which they had in old time in fuch eftimation and reuerence, thatas itis recorded, the 
gods gaue itthe name of Afoly,and fowriteth onid : 


Pacifer buic dederat flores Cyllenins album, 
Moly vocant Superi,meraradice tenctur. 


Ifany be defirous to {ee morehereof,they may readea learned difcourfe of it fet forth inthe Laz F 
tine tongue, by the learned Lobe/,who hath at large written the hiftorie thereof, dedicated vnto the 
tight Honourable,the Lord Chamberlaine,at the Impreffion hereof, faithfully ouerfeene and ex- 
amined by the learned Phyfition before remembred,M".Doétor Browne, and his cenfire vpon the 
fame. } Together with Lobels reply , who iudged this plant (and not without good reafon) 
tobe akinde of the true Balfam of the Antients,and not much different from thar fet forth by Pron 
[per Alpinws, whereofI haue made mention in the foregoing chapter, ¢ 


Cuar. 147. Of the Canell, or Cinnamon tree. 
@| The Defiription, 


q He treewhich hath the Cinnamon for his barke is of the ftature ofan Oliue treeshauing 
abody as thick asa mans'thigh,from which the Cinnamon is taken; but that taken from 
the fmaller branches is much better : which branches or boughes are many,and very ftraight,wher- 
on do grow beautifull leaues,in fhape like thofe of the Orenge tree, and of the colour of the Bay 
leafe(notas it hath been reported) like vnto the leaues of flags or floure de-Luce among thefe plea- 
fant leaues and branches come forth many faire white floures which turne into round blacke fruie 
or berrics,of the bignefle of an Hafell Nut,or the Oliue berry,and ofa blacke colour,out of which 
is preffed an oile,that hath no fmell at all vntill itberubbed and chafed betweene the hands: the 
trunke or body with the greater armes orboughes of the tree are couered with a double or twofold 
barke,like that of Suber,the Corke tree: the innermoft whereof is the true and pleafant Cinnamon, 
which is taken from the tree,and caft vpon the ground in the heate of the Sunne;thtough the heate 
Nonnana thereof 


i. 


Lik 5 


thereof it turneth and! foldeth it felfe round 
Canelle folium, Bacillus cy Cortex. : together, as wee daily aes by viewing the 
The leafe, barke,and trunke of the Cin. thing it felfe : this free. eing thus peeled, 
famon tree, recouereth a new barke in the {pace of three 
yeares, andis thenready tobe disbarkedas 
afore. That Cinnamon which is ofa paleco- 
Jour hath not been well dried in the Supne: 
that ofa faire browne colour is beft ; & that 
which isblackith, hath been too ‘much dri- 
ed,and alfo hath taken fome wet in the time 
of drying. 

+ 2 Befides the Cinnamon vulgarly 
knowne and vied, there is another fort which 
alfois commonly receiued for the Cajfia of 
Diofcorides and the Antients, Now this dif- 
fers from the former in that it is ofa redder 
colour,ofa more hard, follid, and compaé 
fubftance, commonly alfo thicker, & if you 
chew it,more clammy and vifcauis : the tafte 
and fmell are much like Cinnamon, yet not 
altogether fo ftrong as that of the beft Cin. 
namon, There is much controuertie in late 
Writers concerning both rhe ue Cinna- 
mon,and Caffia of the Antients : the which 
Thaue not time nor {pace here to mention, 
much leffe toinfift vpon: I haue obferued 
that both the Cinnamon and Caffia thar we 
haue are couered ouer with a tough grayifh 
barke,like that ofan Oke or other {uch tree, 
which is cleane {craped off, and taken away 
before it be braught ta vs. $ 

@ The Place. 

The chiefeft places where the trees doe 
grow that beare Cinnamon, are Zeilan, and 
Malauar :but thofe of Zeilan are the beft + 
they grow in other of the Molucea Lands, 
4s Ja0a,or Iaua,the greater and the leffe aid 
alfo in Mindanoa, for the moft part vpon 
mountaines, 


| The Time. 


The Cinnamon tree groweth green win- 
ter and Sommer,as doall the other trees of 
the Moluccaes,and Eaft Indies for the moft 
part : the boughes whereof are cut offat fea- 

King ofthe Country; and not before he haue 


fonable times,by the expreffe commandement of the 
appointed the time. 

There hath beene fome controuerfie among writers concerning the tree whofe bark is Caffia,and 
that tree that beareth Cinnamon,making them both one tree: but that opinion is not to berecei- 
ued : for there isa great difference betweene them,as there is betwixtan Oke, anda Cheftnur trees 
for the tree whofe barke is Caffia,is doubtleffe a baftard kinde of Canell, or Cinnamon: in thew ‘it 


- very like, but in fweetneffe of {melland other circumftances belonging to Cinnamon, farre in+ 
eriour, 


: @ The Names. 
~ Cithamon is called in Italian Canela sin Spanith,Canola: in French, Cenelle: in high Dutch, 
Zaimmet coeslit the Grecians, «vous the Latines likewife Cinnamemum - the Arabians, Darfeni, 
and as fome lay, Querfaaorhers, Querfe : in Zeilan,Cusrde: in the Ifland Jaua they name it Cameaa: 
in Ormus, Darchini (i) Lignuns Chinenje,the wood of China: in Malauar, Cas: mates which in theit 
tongue fignificth Dulce Li¢num, Sweet wood + in Englith,Cinnamome,Cinnamon,and Canell, The 
other is called Calfiaand Caffia Lignea, 
G The Temperature and Vertues, 

hath power to warme, and is of thirine Parts: itis alfo drie 


and 


Diofcorides writeth,that Cinnamon 


SS = 


Lie, 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. Te 


and afttingent, it prouoketh vrine,cleareth the eies,and maketh fweet breath. ; 

The decoétion bringeth downe the menfes, preuaileth againft the bitings of venomous beafts? B 
the inflammation of the inteftines and reines. 

The diftilled water hereof is profitable to many, and for diuers infirmities,it comforteth the C 
weake, cold,and feeble ftomacke, eafeth the paines and frettings of the guts and intrailes procee+ 
ding of cold caufes,it amendeth the euill colour of the face,maketh fweet breath, & giueth a mot 
pleafant taftevnto diuers forts of meats, and makeththe fame not onely more pleafant, butalfo 
mote wholefome for any bodies of what conftitution focuer they be, notwithftanding the binding 
qualitie. 

The oiledtawne chimically preuaileth againft the paines of the breft, comforteth the ftomacke, D 
breaketh witidineffe, catifeth good digeftion,and being mixed with fome honie, taketh away {pots 
from: the face,béing annointed therewith, 

The diftilled water of the floures of the tree,as Garcias the Lufitanian Phyfition writeth,excel- & 
leth far in fweetheffe all other waters whatfoeuer, which is profitable for fuchthingsas thebarke 
it felfeis. - 

Out of the berries of this tree is drawn by expreffion,as outof the berries of the Oliuetree,acer- F 
taine oyle,or rather a kinde of fat like butter,without any {mell at all, except it bee made warme, 
and then it {melleth as the Cinnamon doth,and is much vfed again{t the coldneffe of the finewes 
all paines of the ioints, and alfo the paines and diftemperature of the ftomacke and breaft. 

Towrite as the worthineffe of the fubied& requireth, would aske more time than we hauetobe- G 
ftow vpon any one plant;therefore thefe few fhall fuffice, knowing that the thing is of greatvfea- * 
mong many,and knowne to moft. 
> ; Caffiavfed in a larger quantitie feructh well for the fame purpofes which Cinnamon 

oth, £ 


Cuar. 142. Of Gum Lacke and hisrotten tree. 


Laccacum fuss bacillis. | The Defcription, 
Gum Lackewith his ftaffeor fticke. i 
He tree that bringeth forth thatexeremen- 
tal fubftancecalled Zacca,bothin the thops 
of Europ and elfewhere, is called of the Arabi- 
ans, Perfians and Turkes, Loc Sumutri, as who 
fhould fay, Lacca of Sumutra:fomewhich haueé 
fo termed it,haue thought that the firft plentie 
thereof came from Sumutra, but herein they 
haue erred, for the abundant ftore thereof came 
from Pegu,where the inhabitants therofdo cal 
it Lac,& others of the fame Prouince,T rec: the 
hiftory of which tree,according to that famous 
Herbarift C/u/ivs isas followeth. [ There is im 
the countrey of Pegu and Malabar,a great tree, 
whofe Jeaues are like them of the Plum tree,has 
uing many {mall twiggiebranches , when the 
trunk ot body of the tree waxeth old, it rorteth 
in fundry places,wherein do breed certain great 
Ants or Pifmires,which continually work and 
labour in thetime of Harueft and Sonimer, a- 
gaint the penurie of Winter : fuch isthe dili- 
gence of thofe Ants,or fuch is the nature of the 
tree wherein they harbour, or both, that they 
prouide for their winter food, a lumpe or mafle 
of fubftance, which is of acrimfon colour, fo 
beautifull and fo faire, asin the whole World 
the like is not feene,which ferueth nor onely to phyficall,vfes but isa perfectand coftly colour for 
Painters,called by vs, Indian Lack. The Pifmires (as I faid) worke out this colour, by fucking the 
fubftance or matter of Lacca from the tree,as Bees do niake honie and wax, by fucking the matter 
a Nannna 3 thereof 


"453 4 ied Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lis, 3 


thereof from all herbes,trees, and floures,and the inhabitants of that countty,doas diligently feek 
for this Lacca,as we in England and other countries feeke in the woods for honie; which Lacca af. 
ter they haue found,they take from the tree,and dry it intoa lump;among which fometimes there 
come ouer fome fticks and pieces of the tree with the wings of the Ants, which haue fallen among 
it,as we daily fee. nity ‘ ; : yy 
+ The I oh ian Lacke or Lake which is the rich colour ved by Painters,is none of that which is 
vfed in fhops, nor here figured or defcribed by Clu/iw:,wherefore our Author was much miftaken iq 
that he here confounds together things fo different ; for this is of arefinous fubftance, and a faint 
red colour,and wholly vafit for Painters,but vfed alone and incompofitionto make the beft hard 
fealing wax. Theother feemes to beanartificiall thing, and is of anexq uifite crim{on colour, 
butofwhat itis, or how made, I haue not as yet found any.thing that carries any probabilitic of 
truth. + 
i q The Place. 
The tree which beareth Lacca groweth in Zeilanand Malauar, and inother parts of the Ea 
Indies. 
Gq The Time. 
Of the time we haue no certaine knowledge. 
GQ The Names. 
Indian Lacke is called in fhops Zacca: in Italian, Lachetta: Auicen ealleth it Luch: Paulus and 
Diofcorides,as fome haue thought, Cancamum : the other names are expreffed in the defcriptios, 
: @| The Temperature and Vertues. 
Lack or Lacca is hot inthe fecond degree, it com forreth the heart and liuer, openeth obftrudiz 
ons,expelleth vrine,and_preuaileth againft the dropfie, 7h 
B Thee is anartificiall Lack made of the ferapings of Brafilland Saffron, which is vfed of Pains 
ers,and not tobe vfed in Phy ficke as the other naturall Lacca, 


sR ae 


Cua. 149. Of the Indian leafe. 


T amalapatra, | The Defeription. 
The Indian leafe. ? ee 
x ; YT Areas, or the Indian leafe grows vponi 


a great tree like the Orenge tree, with like 
leaues alfo, but broader,a little fharp pointed,’ 
Ota greene gliftering colour, and three {mall 
ribs running througheach leafe,after the man- 
ner of Ribwort,wherby it is eafie to be known: 
itfmelleth fomewhat like vnto Cloues, but 
not fo ftrong as Spikenard or Mace (as fome 
haue deemed )nor yet of fo fubrilland quick a 
fent as Cinnamon, There was fent or added 
vnto this figure by Cortufi acertaine fruit like 
vatoa {mall Acorn, withthis infeription, Fry. 
dys Cancle,the fruit ofthe Canell tree, which 
may be doubted of, confidering the defcripti- 
on of the forenamed tree holden generally of 
mott to be perfec. 

q The Place. 

The Indian leafe groweth not fleeting vpon 
the water like vnto Lens palufires, as Diofcorides 
and P/iny do fet downe, ( though learned and 
painfull writers)but is the leafeofa great tree, 
a branch whereof wee haue fer forth vnto your 
view, which groweth in Arabia and Cambaya, 
far from the water fide. 

- q The Time, 
Of the time we haue no certain knowledge} 


but it is fuppofed tobe green winter and fom- 
mer, 


a 
2a 


Fay eS er Stee ge PL 


g The 


Lis, 3. Of the Hiftory ot Plants. 1535 


q The Names. 

Tamalapatra is called of the Indians in their mother tongue, efpecially of the Arabians, Catlegi 
Tndi, or Ladegi Indi, that is, Folium Indicum, or Indum, the Indian leate: but the Mauritanians doe 
call it Tembul. The Latines and Grecians following fomeof the Arabians, haue called it catalzs 

bathrum. ; 
@| The Temperatureand V ertues, 


The Indian leafe is hot and dry in the fecond degree,agreeing with Natdus in tempetatute,or as 
others report with Mace : it prouoketh vrine mightily,warmeth and comforteth the ftomacke,and 
helpeth digeftion. ; 

It preuaileth againft the pin and web in the eyes,the inflamed and waterie eyes,and all other in- 
firmities of the fame. 

Iris laid among cloathes, as well to keepe them from moths and other vermine, as alfo to giue 
vntothema {weet {mell. 


Cuar.iyo. Of the (lone tree. 


Caryophyll veri Clufij. @| The Defeription. 
The true forme of the Cloue tree. 


pps Cloue tree groweth great in forme 
like vnto the Bay tree, the trunke or bo- 
die whereof is couered with a ruffet barke: 
the branches are many,long,and very brittle, 
whereupon do grow leaues like thofe of the 
Bay tree, but fomewhat narrower : amongft 
which come the floures, white at the firft,af- 
terof a greenith colour,waxing of a darke 
red colour intheend: which floures are the 
very cloues when they grow hard:after when 
they be dried in the Sunne they become of 
that dusky black colour which we dayly fee, 
whereinthey continue. For thofe that wee 
haue ineftimation are beaten downe to the 
ground before they be ripe, and are fuffered, 
there to lievponthe ground vntill they bee 
dried throughly, where there is neither 
grafle, weeds, nor any other herbes growing 
to hinderthe fame, by reafon the tree draw- 
eth vnto it felfe for his nourifhment all the 
@ moifture of the earth a great circuit round 
ay about, fo that nothing can thete grow for 

want of moifture, and therfore the more con- 

uenicne for the drying ofthe Clones. Con- 
trariwife, that groffe kinde of Cloues which hath beene fuppofed to be the male, are nothing elfe 
than fruit of the fame tree tarrying here vntill it fall downe of ic felfe vnto the ground, where by 
reafon of his long lying, and meeting with fome raine in the mean feafon, it lofeth the quick tafte 
that the others haue. Some haue called thefe Fu/ti, whereofwe may Englith themFuffes. Some 
affirme that the floures hereof furpaffe all other floures in fieetnefle when they are greene; and 
hold the opinion, that the hardned floures are not the Cloues themfelues, (as wee have written) 
but thinke them rather to be the feat or huske wherein the floures doe grow :the greater number 
hold the former opinion. And further, that the trees‘are incteafed without labour, graffing, plan- 
ting, or other induftrie, but by the falling of the fruit, which beare fruit within eighryeares after 
they berifen vp, and fo continue bearing for an hundred yeares together, as the inhabitants of that 
countrey doaffirme. 


q The Place, ; 

The Cloue tree groweth in fome few places of the Molucca Iflands, as in Zeilan, Iaua the grea- 
ter and the leffe, and in diuers other places, ge 

J4) 


I 


A 


c 


‘ 


—" 


Lis}. 


1536 ~ Of the Hiftory of Plants. } 


The Time, 

The Cloues are gathered from the fifteenth of Seprembet vito the end of Febtuarie, not with 
hands,as we gather Apples, Cherries,and fuch like fruir,but by beating the tree,as Wall-nuts are 
gotten, as we haue written in the defcription. 

| The Names, 

The fruit hereof'was vnknowne to the antient Grecians : of the later writers Called xepuépuinn : in 
Latine alfo Garyophyllus,and Clavus : in French, Clox de Gyroffe : the Mautitanians, Chay humsfet : in 
Italian, Carofano : inhigh-Dutch, Paegel s in Spanith, Clavo deefpecia : of the Indians, Galafur : in 
the Molucea’s, Changue : of the Pandets, drumfel,and Charumfel : in Englith,Cloue tree, & Cloues, 

| The Temperature, é 

Cloues are hot and dry in the third degree. 

G The Vertues. 

A Cloues ftrengthen the ftomacke, liuer, and heart, helpe digeftion, and prouoke vrine. 

B__ The Portugall women that dwell inthe Eaft Indies draw from the Cloues when they bee yet 
greene, a certaine liquor by diftillation, ofa moft fragrant fmell, which comforteth the heart,and 
is ofall cordials the moft effeuall. 

C —_Cloues ftop the belly : the oile or water thereof dropped into the eyes, fharpens the fight, and 
clenfeth away thecloud or web in the fame. r 

D_ _ Theweight of foure drams of the pouder of Cloues taken in milke procureth the act of genera; 
tion. 

E There is extracted from the Clouesa certaine oile or rather thickebutter ofa yellow colour; 
which being chafed in the hands fmelleth like the Cloues themfelues, wherewith the Indians do 
cure theit wounds and other hurts, as we dowith Balfam. 

F  Thevfe of Cloues,not onely in meatand medicine, but alfo in fweet pouder and fuch like, is 
fufficiently knowne : therefore this fhall fuffice, 


t There were formerly three figures in this chapter : wherefore I omitted two as impertinent. 


Cuar. 151, Ofthe Nutmeg tree. 
1 Nux Muféata rotunda, fiue femina, 2 Nux Myriitica oblonga, fine mas, 
The round or fergale Nutmeg. ‘The longith or male Nutmeg. 


LZ 


fy 


| z 


Sunil 


SS S GRAY 
‘ iit Ss aw TA 
' 13 M == KR D 
=S x \\ \\ 
P| S=>=> \ 
} =S A 
hts) aah a | y eSSV 
' ; i ey 


Lis. 3. Of theHiftory of Plants. 1537 


Nux Mofthatacum (ua Maci. | The Defcription, 

The Nutmeg with his Maceabouthim. 

I Hetree that beareth the Nutmeg 

andthe Macéisin forme like to 

the Peare tree but the leaues of 

it are like thofeof the Bay ‘or Orenge tree, al- 

waies greene on the vpper fide, and moré whi- 

tith vnderneath ; among which comie forth the 

Nut and Maceas it were the floures. The Nut 

appeareth .firft, compaffed’ about wirh’ the 

Mace, as it were in the middle of a finglerofe, 

which in proceffe of time doth wrap and“in- 

clofe the Nutround oneuery fide: after com- 

metlra huskelike that ofthe Wall-nut,but of 

an harder fubftance,which inclofeth the Nur 

Wwithdus'Mace as the WWall-nuthusk doth co- 

uer the Nut,which in time of ripeneffe doth 

sh cleaue of it felfeas the Waltl-nut huske doth; 

and fheweth his Mace, which then is of-a, per- 

fe&crim{oncalour, and maketh a moft good~ 

lyfhew, efpecially. when the tree is well laden 

with fruit:after the Nurbecommeth dry, the 

Mace likewife gapethand forfaketh the Nut, 

cuenas the firft huske or couerture, and leaues 

it bare and naked, as we all do know ; at which 

time it getteth to it felfea kinde of darke yel+ 

low colour, and lofeth that braue crimfon dye 
which it had at the firft. 

_ ~ 2 The tree which carrieth the male 

Nutmeg (according to Clufizs) thus differs from the laft defcribed’s the leaues are like thofe of 

the former infhape, but much bigger,being fometimes a foot’ long,and three or foure inches 

broad ; their common length is feuen or eight inches,and bredth two and a halfe:they are ofa whi- 

tith colour vnderneath, and greene and fhining aboue. ‘The Nutsalfo grow at the very ends of the 

branches, f{ometimes two or three together, and not onely one, as in the commonkinde, The Nut 

it {elfe isalfo larger and longer: the Mace that incompaffes ir is of a more elegant colour,but not 

fo ftrong as that of the former. , 

I can fearfebeleeue our Authors affertion in the foregoing deferiptian, that the Nut appeareth 
firft, compaffed about with the Mace as it were in the middeft ofa fingle Rofe, 8c. Bur! rather 
thinke they all come forth together, the Nutmeg, Mace, the greene outward huske and all, iuft as 
we fee Wall-nuts do, and onely open themfelues when they come to full maturitie, In-the third 
ficure you may fee expreft the whole manner of the growing of the Nutmeg, together with both 
the forts of Nutmegs taken forth of their thells. + 

gy The Place. 

The Nutmeg tree groweth in the Indies, in an Ifland efpecially called Banda,and in the Iflands 

of Molucea, and in Zeilan, though not fo good as the firft. 
q The Time. 
The fruit is gaghered in September in great aboundance, all things being common in thofe 


countries. 


iin: ; 


Hy 
inal IWS 
SS 


& 


q The Names, ‘ 

The Nutmeg tree is called of the Grecians, eum weiner: Of the Latines, Nax Mofchata,and 

Nux Myriftica: in Tralian, Noce Mofcada : in Spanith, Nuex de efcetie : in French,Noix Mujcade : in 

high-Dutch, MPolchat #uls s ofthe Arabians, Leux bane, or Gianziban : of the countrey people 

where they grow, Palla: The Maces, Bunapalla, In Decan the Nut is called Lapatrs, and the Mates, 

Iaifol : of Auicen,lanfiband,(i.) Nux Bandenfis. The Maces he calleth Befbafe : in Englifh, Nutmeg. 

q, The Temperatures i 

The Nutmeg,as the Mauritanians write,is hot and dry inthe fecond degree complete,and fom- 

whataftringent. 
‘ The Vertues. 

Niutmegs canfea fivect breath, and amend thofe that do ftink, if they be much chewed and hol- 


den in the mouth, ° 
; The 


| 
{ 
| 
' 
| 


“538 ~—Stst«“‘«‘“‘C the *éWiftoric of Plants. Lr. 3. 


Cc 


The Nutmeg is good againft freckles in the face, quickneth the fight, ftrengthens the belly and 
fecble liver ; it taketh away the fwelling in the {pleene, ftayeth the laske, breaketh winde, and is 
good againtt all cold difeafes in the body, ' 

Nutmegs bruifed and boiled in Aqua vitz vntill they haue wafted and confumed the moifture, 
adding thereto of Rhedomel (chat is, honey of Rofes) gently boiling them,being ftrained to the 
forme of a fyrrup, cure all paines proceeding of windie aud cold caufes, if three fpoonfulls be gi- 
uen fafting for certaine dayes together. o* 

The fame bruifed and boyled in ftrong whitewine vntill three partsbe fodden away, with the 
roots of Mother-wortadded thereto in the boyling,and ftrained : this liquor drunke with fome fu- 
gar cureth all gripings of the belly proceeding of windineffe. 

As touching the choice,there is notany fo fimple but knoweth that the heauieft, fatteft,and ful- 
left of iuice are the beft, which may eafily be found out by pricking the fame with a pinne or fuch 
like. 


Cc Hap. 152. Of the Pepper Plant. 


| The Kindes: 


Tuc be diuers forts of Pepper, that is to fay, white, blacke, and lang Pepper,one gmater and 
longer than the other ; and alfoa kinde of Ethiopian Pepper. a 


1 Piper nigrum, 2 Piper album, 
Blacke Pepper, White Pepper, 


SRR 
SS 
ce 
wS 
SS 


G The Defription. 

I He Plant that beareth the blacke Pepper groweth vp like a Vine among bufhes and 
brambles where it naturally groweth ; butwhere it is manured it is fowneat the bor. 
tome of the tree Fanfél and the Date trees,whereon it taketh hold, and clymbeth vp 

euen to the top, as doth the Vine, ramping and taking hold with his clafping tendrels of any other 
Teg REE 


—— 5 


ee a i he ee ee 
Lie. 5. Of the Hiftory of Planrs. 1539 


thing it meetethwithall. The leaues are few in nu uber, $ growing ateach fo:ntone, fr on oie 
fide of the (talke, then on the other, like in thape to the long vndiuided leaues of uy, b1t chine, 
tharpe pointed, aid fometimes fo broad, that rhey are foure inches ouer, but m9o'tco u noaly wo 
inches broad, and foure long, hauing alwaies fiue pretty large nerues running aloazitthem. The 
frit grow cluftering together vpon long ftalks, which come forth at the ioints a gainft the leaues, 
as you may fee in the figure: the root (as one may coniefture) is creeping ; for the branches chat 
lie on the ground do at their ioints put forth new fibres or roots. Weare beholden to Clufies for 
this exa& figure and defeription, which he made by certaine branches which were brought home 
by the Hollandets from the Eaft Indies. The curious may fee more hereof in his Exotickes and 
notes vpon Garcias, + : 


t 3 Piper longum; 4 Piper eAithiopicum, fine Vita longa. 
Long Pepper. Pepper of Ethiopia, 


2 The Plant that brings white Pepper is nor tobediftinguifhed from the other plant, but only 
by the colour of the fruit, no more than a Vine chat beareth blacke Grapes, from thatwhich brin- 
geth white : and of fome it is thought, that the felfe fame plantdoth fometimes change it felfe 
from black to white, as diuers other plants do. + Neither ~lufius,nor any other elfe that | haue yet 
met with, haue deliuered vs any thing of certaine, of the plant whereon white Pepper growes : Clue 
ius only harh given vs the manner how it growes vpon the ftalkes, as you may fee it here expteft f, . 

There is affo another kinde of Pepper, feldome brought into thefe parts of Europe, called Piper 
Canarium : itis hollow within, light, and empty, but good to draw flegme from thehead,to helpe 
the tooth-ache and cholericke affes. 

3. The tree that beareth long Perper hath no Gmilitudeatall with the plant that brings black 
and white Pepper : fome haue deemed them to grow all on one tree, which is not confonant ro 
truth, forthey grow in countries fardiftant one from another, and alfo that countrey where there 
is blacke Pepper hath notany of the long Pepper; and therefore Galen following Diofcorides, were 
together both ouerfeen in this point. This tree faith Afonardes isnot great, yet of. awooddy fub- 
ftance, difper(ing here and there his clafping tendrels, wherewith ittaketh hold ofother trees aad 
firch other things as do grow neerevntoit. The branches are many and twigeie,whereon growes 
the fruit, confiking of many graines growing vpona flender foot-ftalke, thruft or compa clofe 

tozether 


A Déofcorides and others agreeing with hi 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. Li Bs 3. 


$ 5 Piper Candatum, together,greene at the firft,and afterward blac- 
: kith , in tafte harper and hotter than common 
Tailed Pepper. 3 P 
blacke Pepper, yet fweeter, and of better tafte. 
# For this figure alfo Lacknowledge my felte 
beholden to the learned and diligent Clu/i 45, 
who caufed ittobe drawne from a branch of 
fome foot in length, that he reeciued from Dé, 
Lambert Hortenfius, who brought it from the In- 
dies. The order of growing of the leaues, and 
fruit is like that of the blacke - but the joints 
ftand fomewhat thicker together, the leafe alfo 
doth little differ from that of the blacke,onely 
it isthinner, of a lighter greene, and (as Clufius 
thought) hatha fhorter toot-ftalke, the veines 
or nerues alfo were leffe imminent, more in 
number, and run from the middle rib tothe 
fides, rather than along ft the leafe. + 
4 _ This other kinde of Pepper brought vnto 
vs from Athiopia, called of the country 
where it groweth, Piper eAithiopicum - in Chops, 
Amomum,and alfo Longa Vita. Itgrowethypon 
a {mall tree,in mannerof an hedge buth,where- 
upon grow long cads in bunches, a finger long, 
ofa browne colour,vneuen,and bunched or puts 


vp indiuers places,diuided into fueor fix loc- 
kers or cels,cach whereof containcth a round feed fomewhat Jong, leffer than the feeds of Pzony, 


in tafte like common Pepper,or Cardamomum, whofe facultie and temperature it is thought to 
haue, whereof we hold it a kinde. 

5 Another kinde of Pepper is fometimes brought,which the Spaniards do call Pimenta de rabo, 
that is, Pepper with a taile: it is like ynto Cubebes,round, full,fomewhat rough,blacke of colour, 
and ofa fharpe quicke tafte, like the common Pepper, of a good fell: it groweth by clufters vp- 
on fmall ftems or ftalkes, which fome haue vnaduifedly taken for Amomum. The King of Portin- 


gal forbad this kinde of Pepper to be brought ouer, for feare leaft the right Pepper fhould be the 
leffe efteemed,and fo himfelfe hindered in the fale thereof, 


@ The Place. 


Blacke andwhite Pepper grow in the kingdome of Malauar, and that very good ; in Malaca al- 
fo, but not fo good ; and alfo in the Iflands Sunde and Cude : there is great tore growing inthe 
kingdome of China, and fome in Cananor, but not much. 

Pepper of Athiopia groweth in America, in all the tra& of the country where Nata and Car- 
thagoare fituated. The reft hath been {poken of in their feverall defcriptions. The white Pepper 
is not {o commonas the blacke,and is vfed there in ftead of fale, 


G The Time. 
The plant rifeth vp in the fir of the {pring ; the fruit is gathered in Auguft. 
| The Names. 

__ The Grecians,who had beft knowledge of Pepper,do call it »ime: : the Latines, Piper : the Ara- 
bians, Fulfeland Fulful : in Italian, Pepe : in Spamith, Pimenta : in French, Posture - in high-Dutch, 
# feffer : in Englith, Pepper. 

That of Aithiopia is called, Piper Aithiopicam, Aromum, Vita longa, 
whereof we hold ittobea kinde. I receiued a branch hereof at the ha 
of London, called M', Stenen Bredwell, with his fruit alfo, 


and of fome,Cardamomum, 
nds ofa learned Phyfition 


@ The Temperature. 
The Arabians and Perfian Phyfitians iudge,that Pepper is hot in the third degree. 
But the Indian Phy fitians which for the moft part are Emperickes, hold that Pepper is cold,as 
almoft all other {pice,which are hot indeed:thelong Pepper is hot alfo in the third degree, and as 
we haue faid, is thought tobe the beft ofall the kindes. 


q The 'Vertues, 


f : m,affirme, that Pepper refifteth poifon,and is goad to 
be put in medicaments for the cies. 


Alf 


Bites - Of the Hiftory of Plants. isd i 


+ AllPepperheateth, prouoketh vrine, digefteth, draweth, difperfeth,and clenfeththe dimnefle B 
of the fight as Diofeorides noteth. 


“¢ Thaueomitted inthischapter Matthiolut his counterfeit f2ure, which was formerly here. 


2° CHAP. 153. of baftard Pepper, called Betle, or Betre. 


Betle, fine Betre, i has 
Baftard Pepper. ’ q| The Defcription, 


sq ‘ T His plant climeth and rampeth vpon trees, 
buthes,or whatfoeuer el fe it meeteth with- 
all,like vnto the Vine, or the blacke Pepper, 
whereof fome hold it fora kinde. The leaues 
are like thofe of the greater Bindeweed, but 
fomewhat longer, ofa duftie colour,with di- 
uers veines or ribs running through the fame. 
The fruit groweth among the leaues,very croo- 
kedly writhed, in fhape like the taile of a Ly- 
zard,of the tafte of Pepper, yet very pleafant to 
the palate. 
«| The Place. : 

It groweth among the Date trees,and Areca, 
in molt of the Molucea Iflands, efpecially in 
the marrifh grounds. 

The Time. 
The time anfwereth that of Pepper. 
The Names. 

This hath been taken for the Indian leafe, 
butnot properly : of moft itis called Tembul, 
and Tambul : in Malauar Betre : in Decan, Gu- 
zarat, and Canam it is called Pam : in Molaio, 
Siri. 


Aik «fv 
Boo] a) 
aw Y peg 
= Geiss 


q The fe and Temperature, 


The leaues chewed:in the mouth are of a bit- 
ter tafte, whereupon ( faith Garcias) they put 
thereto fome Areca and with the lime made o° 
oyfter thels, whereunto they alfo adde fome 
: Amber Griece, Lignum .Aloes,and {uch like, 
which they ftampe together, making it into.a pafte, which they role vp into round balls, keepe dry 
for their vfe, and carry the fame in their mouthes vntill by little and little it is confumed ; a3 when 
we carry fugar-Candy in our mouthes, or the iuice of Licorice ; which is not onely vato the feely 
Indians meate, but alfo drinke in their tedious trauels, refrefhing their wearied {pirits ; and hel- 
ping memory : which is efteemed among the Empericke Phyfitions, to be hot and dry inthe {e- 
conddegree. + Garcias doth not affirme that the Indians eate it for meate, or in want of drinke, 
but that they eate it after meate, and that'to giue the breatha pleafant fent, which they count a 
great grace, fo thar if an inferiour perfon that hath not chewed Betre,or fomefuch thing,come to 
{peak with any great man,he holds his hand before his mouth left his breath fhould offend him. + 


Cu av. tsgal Of Grainesyor Graines of Paradife. 
«7 The Kindes. 
Tiere be diuers forts of Graines, fome long, others. Peare fafhion ; fome greater ; and others 


leffer. 
Q00000 SR eae 


A 


B 


— 


1542 Of the Hifterie of Plants. L 13.3. 


q The Defcription. 


+ i es firft figure hereof fetteth forth vnto your view the cod wherein the hot fpice lieth, 

which we call Graines : in fhops, Grana Paradifi « it groweth, by thereport of the Lear= 

ned, vpon a low herby plant: the leaues are fome foure inches long, and three broad, with fome- 

what a thicke middle rib, from which run tranfuerfe fibres ; they much in fhaperefemble thofe of 

Cloues. The fruit is like a great cod or huske, in fhape likea Fig when it groweth vpon thetree, 

but of cofour ruffet, thruft full of {mall feeds or graines ofa darke teddifh colour (as the Figure 
fheweth which is diuided) ofan exceeding hot tafte. 


Cardamomi genera. 
The kindes or forts of Graines. 


@ - @ 


The other forts may be diftinguifhed by the ficht f the pid : 5 ae 
rence confifts in forme. 5 Yimelgnt oF the picture, confidering the onely diffe- 


ayo? Q The Place, 

Graines grow in Ginny, and the Cardamones in all the Eaft Indies, from the port of Calecute 
vato Cananor , it groweth in Malauar, in Toa, and in diuers other places, 

: : : @ The Time. 

They {pring vp in May,being fowne of feed, and bring their fruit to tipeneffe in September. 

sah BG @ The Names, 

sraines are called in Gree pbeiuayer: I i : i j 
Mince Cone iS; jane in Latine, Cardamomum : of the Arabians, Corrumeni : of 
bine ties, Dore : of auicen, Saccolaa quebir (i.) magnum : the other, Saccolaa ceguer (1.). mings. 

ete i cine nae -1n Zeilan, Excal : in Bengala,Guzarat , and Decan,Hi/.and Ely. 

ore ene nrit and largeft fortare called of fome, Mélecuctta, and Mil i ith. Grail { 
Graines of Paradice, rane yee ee Srinsae 
| The Temperature, 


Auicenwriteth, that Saccolaa,C ardamomum, or Grana Paradifi, are hot and dry in the third degree 
o > 


with aftriction, 
GQ The Vertues. 


The Graines chewed in the mouth draw forth from the head and ftomacke waterith and pitui- 


tous humors. 
They alfo comfort and wa E 
id warme the weake, 


ieunene eaetronkennesec. cold, and feeble ftomacke,helpe the ague, and rid the 


CHAP. 


L 1 By 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1543 


Cuar. 155. °° Of Yucca or Fucca, 


Yucca, five Iucca Peruana, The Defcriptions 
Theroot whereof the bread Cafaua : 
~~" or Cazauaismade, He Plant of whofe root the Indianbread 


called Cazaua is made,is a low herbe 
confifting onely of leaues and. rocts : it hath 
neither ftalke, floures, nor fruit,thac I can vn. 
derftand of others;or by experience of the 
plant it felfe, which hath growne in my gar- 
den foure yeares together, and yet doth grow 
and profper exceedingly ; neuertheleffe with- 
out ftalke,fruit,or floures,as aforefaid. Ithath 
avery great root, thicke and tuberous,and ve- 
tie knobby, full of iuice fomewhat {weer in 
tafte, but of a pernicious qualitie,as faith m 
Author: from which root rifeth vp immedi- 
ately forth of the ground very many leaues 
ioyned vnto the head of the root in a rouhd 
circle; the which are long, of the length of a 
cubit, hollowed likea gutter or trough, verie 
{moorland of a greene colour, like that of 
Woade:the edges of the leaues are fharpe 
like theedge of.a knife, and ofa browne co- 
lour: the pointof the leafe is a prickas tharp 
as aneedle,which hurteth thofe that vnadui- 
fedly pafleby it: the leafe with aduifed eye 
viewed is like vntoa little wher?y,or fuch like 
boat : they are alfovery tough, hard to break, 
and not eafie to cut, except the knife be very 
fharpe. 
£ Lobel inthe fecond part of his Aduer(a- 
via largely defcribes and figures this plant ;' 
and therehee affirmes hee wrota defcription 
(the which he there fetsdowne) for our Au- 
thor ; but he did hot follow it, and therefore committed thefe errours : Firft, in that hee faith it is 
the root whereof Cazaua bread was made, when as Lobel in his defeription faid he thought it to be 
Alia fpecies 4 Yucca Indica ex quia pants communis fit. Secondly, in that he fet downe the place out of 
the Hiftoria Lugd. (who tooke it out of Theuet ) endeauouring by that theanes to confound it with 
that there mentioned , whenas hehad his from M*. Edards hisman. And thirdly, (for which in- 
deed hewas moft blame-worthy, and wherein he moft thewed his weakenefle) for that hee dotk 
confound it with the a¢anihot or true Yuicca, which allaffiirme to haue a leafe like that ofhemp,par= 
ted into feuen or more diuifions : and alfo in that he puts it tothe Arachidua of Theophraftus, whem 
as he denies it both floure and fruit 3 yet within fome few yeares after our Author had fer forth 
this Worke it foured in his garden, 

This fome yeares puts forth a pretty ftiffe round falke fome three cubits high,diuided into di- 
ers vnequall branches carrying many pretty large floures, fhaped fomewhat like thofe of Fritil. 
faria, but that they are narrower at their bottomes : the leaues of the floure are fix : the colour off 
che infide white, but on the out fide ofan ouerworne reddith colour from the ftalke to the middefk 
of the leafe ; fo that it is a onre ofno great beautie; yet to beefteemed forthe ratitie.. I faw it 
once floute in the garden of M*. Wilmot at Bow,but neuer fince,though it hath been kept for many 
yeares in fundry other gardens, as with Mr, Parkinfonand M‘. Tuegy. This was firftwritten of by 
our Author; and fince by Lobeland.M*. Parkinfor,whto keepe the fame name,as alfo Banhine,who to 
diftinguith it from the other calls it Yucca folijs Alves. + 

: GQ The Place. 
This plant groweth in all the tract of the Indies, from the Magellane ftraights vnto the cape of 
_ Florida, and in moft of the Iflands of the Canibals, and others adioyning, from whence J had that 


plantbrought me that groweth in my garden, by a feruant ofa learned and'skilfull Apothecary of 
Excefter;ynamed M". Tho. Edwards. ; 


Qoooo0 2 | The 


De eee 


Sn a 


aoe 


"1544 : 


~~ “Ofehe Hiltorisiof Plants, Lin. 


@ The Time. : 

It keepeth greene both Winter and Sommer inmy garden, without any couerture at all, nots 
withftanding the iniurie of our cold clymat. 

The Names. 

Itis reported vnto me by Trauellers, that the Indians do call iin fome parts, (Manihot but ges 
nerally Yucca and Iycca : it is thought tobethe plant called of Theophraftus, Arachidna ;and of Play, 
eAracidna, 

| The Temperature. 

This plant is hot and dry in the firft degree, which is meant by the feces or droffe,when the poi. 

fonous inice is preffed or {trained forth, and is alfo dry in the middle of the fecond degree. 


C HAP. 156. 
Of the fruit Anacardium, and (aious, or (atocus, 


@ The Defcription, 


He antient writers hauebeen very briefe in the hiftorieof Anacardinm « the Grecians hauetow? 
ched it by the name of srmssdo, taking the name from the likeneffe it hath of an heart both in 
fhapeand colour, called ofthe Portugals that inhabit the Eat Indies, Fava de tMalaqua,the bean 
of Malaca ; for being greene, and/as it hangeth on the tree, it refembleth a Beane, fauing thar itis 
much bigger : but when they be dry they are ofa (hining blackifh colour, containing between the 
outward rinde and the kernel! (whichds like an Almond) a certaine oile of a fharpe caufticke or 


burning qualitie; called ate/ Acardinnm, although the kernell is vfed in meates and fauces,as we do 
Oliues and {uch like, to procure appetite, " 


cAnacardium, , Caious, 
The Beane of Malaca, . 1 The kidney Beane of Malaca, 


The other fruit groweth vpon a tree of the bigneffe of a Peare tree : the leaues are much Like to 
thofe of the Olive tree, but thicker and fatter, of a-feint greene colour : the floures are white,confi. 
fting of many {mall leaues much like the floures of the Cherry tree, but much doubled , without 
{mell : after commeth the fruit (according to Clufiws,of the forme and magnitude of a goofe egge, 
full of inice ; in the end whereof is.a nut) in fhapelike an Hares kidney, hauing two rindes 5 be- 
tween whichis containedamoft hot and tharp oile like that of C4aacardizen, whereof it is.a kind, 

_ The Beane or kernel it felfe is noleffe pleafant and wholfome in eating, than the 2:/acia, or Fiz 
fticke nut, whereof the Indians do eate with great delight, affirming that ir prouoketh Venerie, 
Wherein 1s their chiefett felicitie, The fruit is contained in long cods like thofe of Beans,but grea- 
ter: Deere vnto which cods commeth forth an excrefcence like vatoan apple,very yellow,ofa good 
{mell, {pongious within, and full of inice, without any feeds, ftones, or graines at all, fomewhat 
{weet in tafte, a t the one end narrower than the other, Peare fathion, or like little bottle, which 
hath bin reputed of fome for the fruir, bur nor rightly ; for it is rather an exctefcence, as is the oke 
Apple. 

@ The Place. 
he Baft Indies, efpecially in Cananor, Calecute, Cambaya, 


o 


The firk srowes in moR parts oft 
and Decan. The later in Brafile, 


@ The. 


Lia.3. OF the Hiftory of Plants, — sds 


| The Times 
Thete trees floure and flourith Winter and Sommer: 


@ The Names, 


aq] The Temperature andVertues. 

The oile-of the fruit is hot and dry in the fourth degree, it hath alfoa caufticke or corrofiue qua- A 
fitie ; it taketh away warts, breaketh apoftumes, preuaileth againft leprie, a/opecia, and eafeth the 
paine of the teeth, being put into the hollowneffe thereof, 

The people of Malauar do vie the faid oile mingled with chalke, to marke their cloathes or any B 
other thing they defire to be coloured or marked,as we do vfe chalke,okar,and red marking ftones 
but their colour will not be taken forth againe by any manner of art whatfoeuer. . 

They alfo giue the kernel fkeeped inwhay to them that be afthmaticke or fhort winded ; and EG 
when the fruit is yet green they fticke the fame fo fteeped againft the wormes. i 

The Indians for their pleafure will giue the fruit vpona thorne or fome other fharpe thing,and py 
. hold itin the flame ofa candle, or any other flame, which there will burne with fuch crackings, 
lightnings, and withall yeeld fo many ftrange colours, that it is great pleafure to the beholders 
which haue not feene the like before. 


Cuari 157. 
Of Fadian “Morrice Bells, and divers other Ffndian Fruits. 


5 i , Ahouay Theneti, t 2 Fructus Higuero, 
Indian Morrice Bels, Indian Morof{co bels. 


es 


' 


q The Defcription. 


His fruit groweth vpon a great tree of the bigneffe of a Peare tree, full of branches, garnifhed 

with many leaues which are alwaies greene, three or foure fingers long,and in bredth two: 

when the branches are cut off there iffueth a milky inice not inferiour to the fruit in his venomous 
z Ol00G O08 sak i. F - gualitie, * 


er “Of the Hiftorie of Planes. Li3.3, 


qualitic, The trunke or body is couered with a grayith barke: the timber is white and foft,not fit 
to make fire of, much leffe for any other yfe ; for being cut and put tothe fire to burne, it yeeldeth 
forth fuch a loath{ome and horrible ftinke, that neither man nor beaft are able toendure it: where- 
fore the Indians haucnov{e thereof, but onely of the fruit,which in thape is like the Greeke letter 
s, ofthe bigneffe of a Cheftnut, and couered with a moft hard fhell, wherein is contained a kernel 
of amoft venomous and poyfonfome qualitie, wherewith the men being angry with their wiues, 
do poyfon them, and likewife the women their husbands : they likewife vfe to dip or anoint and 
invenome their arrowes therewith, the more {peedily todifpatch their enemies. Which kernel] 
they take forth with fome conuenient inftrument, leauing the fhell as whole as may be,not tou- 
ching the kernell with their hands becaufe of its venomous qualitie, which would {poile their 
hands, and fometimes take away their life alfo. In which fhells they put fome little ftones,and tye 
them vpon ftrings (as you may perceiue by the figure) which they dry inthe Sunne, and after tye 
them about their legs, as we do bells, to fet forth their dances, and Morofco Matachina’s, wherein 
they take great pleafure, by reafon they thinke themfelues to excell in thofe kindes of dances, 
Which ratling found doth much delight them, becaufe it fetteth forth the diftinG@tion of founds, 
for they tune them and mix them with great ones and little ones, in fuch fort as we doe chimes or 
bells. 

2 Thereis alfo another fort hereof, differing onely in forme ; they are of the like venomous 
‘qualitie, and vfed for the fame purpofe. + The fruit of Higuerro is like that of a gourd inpulpe, 


6 


and it may be eaten: the fhape of the fruit is round, whereas the former is three cornered. t 


@ The Place, 
Thefe do grow in moft parts of the Weft Indies, efpecially in fome of the Iflands of the Cani: 
bals,who vfe them in their dances more than any of the other Indians. + You may fee thefe vpon 
ftrings as they arc here figured, amongft many other varieties, with M'. John Tradefcant at South 


Lambeth. + 
| The Time, 


Wehaue no cettaine knowledge of the time of flouring or bringing the fruit to maturitie, 


G The Names andVfe. 


We haue firfficiently fpoken of the names and vfe hereof, therefore what hath beene {aid may 
fuffice. 


The figures were tranfpoled. 


er. Se 


Cuar, 158 Of the vomiting and purging Nuts. 


x Nuces vomice, 1 Nuces purgantes. 
Vomiting Nuts, Purging Nuts. 


547 


Lis, 3. Of the Hiftory ot Plants. 


4] The Defcription, 


been much cauelling;yet the cafe is plaine,ifthe text be crue,that the Thorne Apple is 

Nux Methel.Of the tree that beareth the fruit thatisealled in thops Nux vomia, and 

Nux Methel,we haue no certaine knowledge : fomeare of opinion, that the fruit isthe Toor ofan 

herbe,and not the nutofa tree : and therefore fince the cafe among the learned refteth doubtful,we 

leaue the reft that might be faid toa further confideration. The fruit is round,flat,likea little cake, 

ofaruffet ouerworne colour, fat and firme,in tafte fweet,and of {uch an oily fubftance,that itis not 

offible to ftampe it in a mortar to powder ; but when it is to be vfed, it nuit be grated or fcraped 
with fome inftrument for that purpofe. ; 

2 There becertaine Nuts brought from the Indies,called purging Nuts, of their qualitie in 
purging groffe and filthie humors, for want of good inftruction from thofe that haue travelled the 
Indies,we can write nothing of the tree it felfe : the Nut is fomewhat long,ouall, or in fhape like 
anegge, ofa browne colour: within the fhell is contained a kernell,in tafte {weet,and ofa purging 


facultie. 


i A Vicen and Serapiomake Nux vomica, and Nux Methel,to be one,whereabout there hath 


q The Place and Time. 
Thefe Nuts do grow in the defarts of Arabia,and in fome places of the Eaft Indies : we haue no 
certaine knowledge of their fpringing,or time of maturitie. 
q The Names. 
Auicen affxmeth the vomiting Nut to be of a poifonous qualitie,cold in the fourth degree, ha- 


uing a fupifying nature,and bringeth deadly fleepe. 
@ The Vertucs. 


Of the Phyficall vertues ofthe vomitting Nuts we thinke it not neceffarie to write, becaufe the 
danger is great,and not tobe giuen inwardly,but mixed with other compofitions,and that very cu- 


rioufly by the hands ofa faithfull Apothecarie. 

The pouder of the Nut mixed with fome fleth, and caft vnto crowes and other rauenous fowles, 
doth kill and fo dull their fences at the leaft,that you may take them with your hands. 

They make alfo an excellent fallet , mixed with fome meat or butter, and laied inthe garden 
where cars vfe to ferape to burie their excrements, fpoyling both the herbesand alfo feeds new 


fowne. 


Cuar. 159. Of diners forts of Tadian fruits. 


@| The Kindes, 


‘Hefe fruits are of diuers forts and kinds,wherofwe haue little knowledge, more than the fruits 

4 themfelues,with the names of fome of them : therefore it fhall fuffice to fet forth vnto your 

view the forme onely, leauing vnto Time, and thofe that fhall fucceed, to write of them at large, 
which in time may know that,that in this time of infancie is vnknowne. 


a Vr Authour formerly in this Chapter fer forth diuers figures of Indian fruits, and 
among (t the reft Berttznus,Cacao,Cocct Orient ales,Buna,F ogaras,Cubube,erc. buthe gaue 
but onely rhteedefCriptions,and thefe either falfe or tono purpofe;wherefore I haue 

omitted them,and in this chapter giuen you moft of thefe fruits which were formerly figured ther- 
in,together with an addition of fundry other out of Clufivs his Exorickes, whofe figures I haue 
made vfe of,and hete giuen you al] thofe which came to my hands though nothing fo many as aré 
fet forth in his Exotickes,neither,if I fhould haue had the figures,would the fhortnefft of my time 
nor bigneffe of the booke (being already growne to fo largea volume) futfer mee to haue inferted 
them; therefore take in good part thofe I here giue,together with the bricie hiftories ofthem, 


The Defiripi ion. 
I He firft and one of the beft knowne of thefe fruits, afe the Cubibe,called ofthe Arabi- 

an PhyGitions Cubihe and Quabebsbut of the vulgar Quabebochini\- in Taoa where they 

plentifully grow,cwmuc: the other Indians, (the Malayans excepted )call them Cuz 

bas fini, not for thatthey srow in China,but becaufe the Chinois vfe to buy them in aoa and Sun- 


da,and fo carry them tothe other ports of India, Thepiant which carrics this fruit hath leaues 
like 


154.8 es OF the Hittory of Planes, 


———"-_, 


3 Lin, en 


1 Cubibe, Cubibs. 


£6 <4 momum verum, 
2 Cocci Orientales, Cocculus Indi. 


——- — ee 


Sc 


Lis 30 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 1549. 


like thofe of pepper,but narrower, and it alfowindes about trees like as Iuy or Pepper doth : the 

fruit hangs in clufters like as thofe we callred Currans, and norclofe thruft together in bunches 

as grapes : che fruit or berries are of the bignefle of Pepper cornes,wrinckled,and ofa brownifh CO. 

lour: they areofa hotand biting aromaticke tafte, and oft times hollow within, bur iftheybe nor 
hollow,then hate they a pretty reddifh fmooth round feed vnder their rough vrter huske; each of ’ 
thefe berries commonly hath a piece of his foot-ftalke adhering to it, It is reported thar the Na- 

tiues where it growes firft gently boile or {cald thefe berries before they fellthem, thar fononeels 

may haue them,by fowing the feeds. Some haue thought thefe ro haue beene the Carpefium of the 
Antients; and other-fome haue indged them the feeds of Agnus Caffws, but both thefe opinions are 
erronious. 

Thefe are hor and dry in the beginning of the third degree ; wherefore they are good againft the A 
cold and moift affeéts.of the ftomacke and flatulencies: they helpeto clenfe the breaft of toush 
and thicke humours ; they are good for the fpleene, for hoar{nefle and cold atfe@s of the wombe. 

chewed with Mafticke, they draw much flegmaticke matter from the head, they heat and comfort 
the braine. The Indians vfe them macerated in wine to excite venerie. j f 

2. The Plantwhich carries this fruit is vynknowne, but the berrie is well knowne in thoppes b 
the name of Coce wis Indicusfome call them Cosci Orientales : others ,Coccule Orventales : fome.as eae 
dus for one, thinke them the fruit of Solanum furiofum : others iudge them the fruit ofa Tithyniale 
or ofa Clematis. Thefe berries are of the bigneffe of Bay berries. commonly round,and growing bie 
one vpona ftalke ; yet fometimes they area little cornered,and grow two or three cluttering toge- 
ther : their outer coat or (hell is hard,rough,and ofa brownifh duskie colour : their inner fubftance 
is very oily,ofa bitter tafte. 

They are vfed with good fireceffe to kill lice in childrens heads, being made into pouder and fo p 
ftrowed amongft the haire. They hauealfo another faculty which our Author formerly fet downe 
in the chapter of Alaternus (here hic confounded thefewith Fagaras) in thefe words,which I haue 
there omitred,to infert here ; : 

In England we vie the fruit called Cocculus Indi in pouder mixed with flower, hony,and crummes © 
ofbread to catch fith with,it being a numming, foporiferous,or fleeping medicine, caufeth rhe fifh ~ 
to turne vp theirbellies, as being fenceleffe for a time. 

3. Fagara isa fruit of the bignefle of a Chich-peafe,couered witha thin coat of ablackithath 
colour,vnderwhich outer coat is a {lender fhell containing a follid kernell, involued in athinand 
blacke filme. Thewhole fruit both inmagnitude,forme, and colour is fo like the Coccalus Indus 
lafe defcribed,that at the firft fight one would take it tobe the fame. W4icen mentions this in his 
2 66,Chap.after this manner. What is Fagara? Itisa fruit likea Chich,hauing the feed of Maha- 
éeb,and in the hollowneffe is a blacke kernel] as in Schehedenegi,and it is brought out of Sofale. 

He places it among ft thofe that heateand dry in the third degree, and commends it againft the 
coldneffe of the ftomacke and liuer,it helps concodtion,and bindes the belly. 

4 Thiswhich Clufizs thinkes to be Mungo (which is vfed inthe Eaft Indies about Guzarat and 
Decan for prouender for horfes)is a fimall fruit of the bigneffe of Pepper, crefted, very like Corian- 
der feed,but thar it is bigger and blacke,it is of ahot tafte. 

5 Bunaisa fruit of thebignefle of Fagara,or fomewhat bigger or longer, ofa blackith ath coz 
lour,couered with athin skin, furrowed on both fides longwife, whereby itis eafily diuided into 
two parts,which containe each a kernel! longifh and flat vpon one fide,of a yellowith colour, and 
acide tafte. They fay that in Alexandria they make a certaine very cooling drinke hereof. Ranwol- 

_fivs in his iournal feemes to defcribe this fruit by the name of Bamu:and by the appellation, forme 
and faculties;hethinkes it may be the Bunche of Auicen,and Buncha of Rhafis, to Almanfor. Clnfius. 

6 This isakind of Cardamome: and by diuersitis thought to be the true Amomum of the 
Antients,and to this purpofe Nicholas Maregna,a Phy fition of Verona, hath writtena treatife which 
is fet forth at the later end of Posa’s defcription of Mount Bald#s,towhich I refer the curious:thefe 
eods or berries(whether you pleafe to call them)grow thicke cluftering together, they are round, 
and commonly of the bignefle of a cherry:the outer skin is tough,{moother, whiter, and feffe cre- 
fied than that of the Cardamome: within this filmelye the feeds cluftering together, yet with a 
thin filme parted into three,the particular feeds are cornered, fomewhat fmoother and larger than 
thofe of Cardamomes,but of the fame aromaticke tafte,and of a browne colour. Their tempera- 

ture and faculties may be reférred to thofe of Cardamomes. 


7. $8. Thiswith the next enfuing are by Clufius fet forth by the names here giure you them 
though (as he faith)neither of them agree with the 4momum of Diofcorides,they were only branches 
fet thicke with leanes,hauing neither any obferuable{mellor tafte : they were fent to the learned 
and diligent Apothecarie Walarandus Donrex of Lyons,from Ormuz the famous Mart & port town 
in the Perfian Bay. ; 

9 Thofethat accompanied therenowned Sir Francis Drake iv \\is voyage about the World, 

Bea -<. light 


“Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


3 


t 14 Guagobanus, Tree Melon. 


<< 


Lis; 


xx Cacao. Small Cocoes. 


ITS 
Zi) Ms 


e Dates. 


Inc 


ciophora, Qui 


Cue 


I2 


tis. 


™ 
Ci 


¥ 15 Ananasi The Pinia, or Pine Thiftle’ 


$ 13 Barucc.Arara.Orukoria, Cropiot. 


Lag 30 Of the Hifterie ef Plants. — 15st 


light vponacertaine defert Ifland,wherein grew many very tall trees, and looking for fomething 
amongft thefe torefreth themfelues,among tt others they obferued fome bigger than Okes,hauing 
leaues like thofe of the Bay tree, thicke and {hining,not fnipt about the edges , their fruitwas Jon- 
gith like to the fmall Acornes of the Ilex or Holme Oke, but without any cup ; yet couered with 
a thin fhellofanathcolour, and fomtimes blacke, hauing within it a longith white kernel! wrap- 
ped ina thin peeling,being without any manifeft tafte, They when they found ir,though much op- 
preft with hunger.yer durft not tafte thereof, leaft it {hould haue becn poifonous : but afterwards 
comming to the {land Beretina,not far from this,they found it to abound with thefe trees, & fear- 
ned that their fruit was not poifonous,but might beeaten, Wheruponafterwards they inwant of 
othervidtuals,boiled fome as they do Peafe,and ground others into floure, wherewith they made 


puddings. They found this tree alfo in the Moluccoes. 
ed in this table is the mad Plum, or as C/ufius had rather terme it the Mad 


ro. - The firftexpref 
Nut; forhe calls chem Kapueugenra Or Infane Nuces.T he Hollanders finding them intheirrecurn from 
the Haft Indies,and eating the kernels,were fora time diftradted, and chat varioufly,according to 
ature ofeach that ate of them ; as you may fee in Clufius Exot.lib, 2.Cap.26. 
This was round, little more than two inches about, witha fhell nor thicke, but {ufficiently ftrong, 
brownith on the out fide,and not fmooth,but on the infide ofa yellowifh colour and {mooth, con- 
taining a membranous ttoue or kernell couered with a black pulp, in form and bigneife nor much 
vnlikea Bullas or Sloe,hauing a large whire {pot on the lower part whereas it was faftened tothe 
ftalke : vnder the pulpe lay the kerne!l, fomewhat hard, and of an ath colour: the foot-ftalke was 
fhort and commonly carried but one fruit,yet {ometimes they obferued two growing together:the 
tree wheron this fruit grew was of the bigneffe ofa Cherry tree,having long and narrow leaues like 
thofe ofthe Peach tree: the other fruit figured in the 2.place was of abrownith yellow colour,fom- 
what bigger,but nor vnlike a {mall Nut,and inch long,and fomwhat more about, fmaller below,and 
bigger aboue,and as it were parted into foure, being very hardand follid. Ofthis fee more in the 
fourteenth place . S ae 

tz The Cacoais a fruit well knowne in diuers parts of America, for they in fome places vfe it in 
ftead of money,and to make a drinke,of which,though bitter,they highly efteeme: the trees which 
beare them are but fmall , hauing long and narrow leaues, and will onely grow well in places 
fhadowed from the Sun. The fruit is likean Almond taken out of his husk, and it is couered with 
athin blacke skin,wherein iscontained a kernell obliquely diuided into two or three parts,brow - 
ni(h, and diftinguifhed with ath coloured veines, of an aftringent and vngratefull tafte. 

1a This which Clufivs had from Cortujus,for the fruit of Baellinm, ‘is thought to be the Cxcd of 
Pliny,and is the Cuciophera of Matthiolusand by thatname out Author b aditin this Chapter, The 
whole fruitis of the bigneffe of aQuince, and of the fame colour,with a {weet and fibrous flefh,vn- 
der whichis a nut of the bigneffe of a large Walnut or {omewhat more,almott of atriangular form, 
bigger below, and finaller aboue,well (melling,ofa darke ath colour,witha very hard fhell, which 
broken there js therein contained a hard kernell ofthe colourand hardnefle of masble, hauing a 
hollowneffe in the middle,as much as may containea Hafell Nut. 

13 Anthis tableare foure fenerall fruits decribed by Clufins Exot.lib.2.c. 21. The firft is cal- 
led Baruce,and is faid to grow vpon a high tree in Guyana called Huta: it confifted of many Nuts 
offomeinch long, frongly fattened or knit together,cach hauing a hard wooddy thell,falling into 
two parts,containing a round and {mooth kernell couered with an ath coloured filme. 

They fay the natiues there vfe this fruit to purge and vomite. 

The fecond called Arara growes in Kaiana,but how, it isnot knowne : it was fome inch long, co- 
uered with a skin fufficiently hard and blacke,faftened toa long and rugged ftalkethat feemed to 
haue carried more than one fruit:the kernel is blacke, and of the bigneffe of a wilde Oliue. 

The natiues vfe the decoction hereof towath maligne vicers, and they fay the kernel! will loofe B 


the belly. 
The third named orwkoriais the fruit ofa tree in Wiapock,called Zuruma, they vfe this to cure 
their wounds,dropping the nice of the fruit into them, This fruit is flat almoft an inch broad, and 


two long butwrichen like the cod of the true Cytifus,but much bigger,very wrinckled,ofanath co- 
‘lour,containing a fmooth feed. { 
The fourth called Cropiot is a fmall 
the Zthiopian pepper. 
The fauages wle ro take it mix 


the particular temper 


| 
h 


and (hriuelled fruirnot much vnlike the particular ioints of 


ed amoneft their Tabaco to affwage head-ache:there were diuers © 
of them put vpon a firing (as you may fee inthe figure) the better to dry them. a 
14 Thiswhichby C/ufius & Lobel isthought to be the Guanabanss mentioned by Scaliger Exerc. 
281. part.6.isa thicke fruit fome foot and halfe long,couerea witha thicke and hard rinde, freezed 
ouet with a foft downinefle,like as a Quince is,but ofa greenith colour,with fome veines,or rather 


furrowessunning along it,as in Meloas:the lower end is fomewhat tharp: at the vppereniit is 
fattened 


7 ere 


3  GfieMiacieraa) 


1592 

faftened to the boughes,with a firme,hard,and fibrous ftalke : this fruit containes a whitifh pulpe 

which the Ethiopians vfein burning feuers to quench the thirft,for ir hath a pleafant tartnefle:this 
dried becomes friable,{o that it may be brought into pouder with ones fingers, yet retainerh its 
aciditie:in this pulp lye feeds like little Kidneis,or the feeds of the true Anagyris,ofablack th ining 
colour, with fome fibres comming out of their middles:thefe fowne brought forth a plant hauing 


ke the Bay tree,but it dyed at the approch of Winter.clu/, 
Ananas Pinias or Pine Thiftle isa plant hauing leaues like the c-4iXo0n aquaticum,ox water 


feaues li 
15 


$16 Fabe Aleyptia affinis. $ 19 Fructustetragenus. The fquareCoco. 


£20 Arboris lanifera filiqua. 
Acod of the wooll-bearing tree. 


$17 CoxcoCypote. Amycdala Peruana: 
Almonds of Peru. 


f UW EFF \ 
Nae y 2) 
4zZ IAAF 
AR °Z y) 
z i ZS VY 
BWAZZAABAIN 
Bag J — N 

EF Ge N 
Pee EB Ee SS 
Bg7eCA ARN 
BZAZZAAA AN 
BBA 
Bea Zae= F NS 

: ; Ze \ 

aus ZA ZAIN @ 

YUAN 

Gz \ 

YUL Ny 

CHEZ JF X 

CG = yy 


Sengreene, 


‘ig Ley 3. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 1553 


Sengreene, fomewhat fharpe and prickly abouc the edges : the ftalke is round, carrying atthe top 
therof one fruit ofa yellowith colour when ic is ripe,of the bignes ofa Melon,couered witha {cale- 
like rinde:the {mell is gratefull, {omewhat like thac of the Malocorone: atthe top of the fruir, and 
fometimes below itcome forth fuch buds as you fee here prefented in the figure, which they fer in 
the ground and preferue the kind by in fteacof {eed:the meat of this fruit 1s {weer &very pleafant of 
tafte,8 yeelds goo. nourithment,there are certaine fmall fibres in the meat thereof which though 
they do nocoffead the mouth, yet hurt they the gums of fuch as too frequently feed thereon. q 

16 The forae of this is fo newhat ftrange, for iris like a large Poppy head cut ofPnigh the top: 
the fubftance thereof was mem )ranous and wrinckled, ofa brownith colour, very {mooth : the cir. 
cumference at the top is about nine inches,and fo it growes fmallerand {mallet euen tothe ttalke, 
which feems to haue carrieda floure whereto this fruit ficceeded:the top of the fruit was euen,and 
in it were orderly placed 24.cauities,in each whereof was contained a little Nut like an Acorn.al. 
moft an inch long,and as much thick.the vpper part was of a brownifh colour, & the kernel withia 
was rank and all mouldy.Céw/ivs could learne neither whence this came, norhowi grew,but with 4 
great dealeof probability thinks it may be that which the Antients defctibed by the Name of Faba 
eficypiia. 

17 The former of thefe two Clufius teceiued by the name of Coxco Cypote,that is the Nut Cypote: 
Itis ofa dusky browne colour,fmooth, and fhining, but on the lower part of an afh colour, rough 
which the Painter did not well expreffe in drawing the figure. The :. hee receiued by the name of 
Almendyas del Peru, (i.) Almonds of Peru:the fhell was like in colour and fubftance to that of an 
almond,and the keraell not vnlike neither in fubftance nor tafte:yet the forme of the thell was dif. 
ferent, for itwas triangular, with abacke ftanding vp,and two {harp fides,and thefe very rough. 

18 Thiswas the fruit ofa large kind of Convolvulus which the Spaniards called Buenas noches, 
or Goodnicht,becaule the Aoures vfe to fadeas foone as night came.The feeds were of a footy co. 
lour as big as large Peafe,being three of them contained ina skinny three cornered head, You may 
fee more hereof in Clufius Exot lib. 2.cap. 18. 

19 This isthe figure ofa {quare fruit which Clufiws coniectures to haue been fome kind of In- 
dian Nut or Coco: it was couered with a {mooth rinde,was feuen inches long, and a foot and halfe 
about,being foure inches and a halfe from fquare to {quare, 

20 About Bantam inthe Eaft Indies growesa tall tree fending forth many branches, which 
are fet thicke with leaves long and narrow bigger than thofe of Rofemary:it carries cods fix inches 
long,and flue about,couered with a thin skinwrinckled and harp pointed, which open themfelues 
from below into fiue parts,and are fullofa foft woolly or Cottony matter, wherewith rhey ftuffe 
cufhions,pillowes and the like, and alfo {pin fome for certaine vfes: amongft the downe lye blacke 
feeds like thofe of Cotton,but leffe,and not fattened to the downe. 

21 This which Clif‘calls Palma (accifera,or the Bag Date,becaule it carries the figure of an Hip- 
pocras bag,was found ina defart Ifland in the Antlantick ocean,by certaine Dutch mariners who 
obferued whole woods thereof :thefe bags were fome of them 22. o0rmoreinches long,and fome 
feuen inches broad in the broadeft place, ftrongly woue with threds croffing one another,ofa brow- 
nih yellow colour. Thefe fachels (as they report who cut them from the tree) were filled with fruit 
of the bigneffe ofa Walnut huske and all:within thefe were others,as round as.if they had bin tor- 
ned,and {o hard that yon could fcarce breake them with a hammer:in the midft of thefe were white 
kernels,tafting at the firft fomewhat like pulfe,but afterwards bitter like a Lupine. 

22  Thetreewhich carries this rough cod is very large,as I haue been told by diuers: fome who 
faw irin Perfia,g others that obferued it in Mauritius Ifland.C/ufizs alfo notes that they haue bin 
brought from diuers places:the cod is fome three inches long,and fome two inches broad, ofadu. 
skie red colour, and all rough and prickly: in thefe cods are contained one,two or more round nuts 
ox feeds of a grayith afh colour,hauing a little {pot on one fide,where they are faftened tothe cod 
they are exceeding hard,and difficult ro breake,but broken they thew a white kernel very bitter and 
vnpleafant of tafte. Lhaue feen very many and haue fome of thefe,and foine haue offered to fel them 
for Eatt Indian Beazor,whereto they haue fome {mall refemblance,though nothing in facultielike 
them (if may credit reportywhich I had rather do than make tryall) for [ haue been told by fome 
chat they are poifonous,and by others,that they ftrongly procure vomit, 

23 The long cod expreffed in this figure is called in the Eaft Indies (as Clufius was told) Kaye 
bakaicwas round,the thickneffe of ones little finger,and fix inches long:the rinde was thick,black, 
hard and wrinckled,and it contained a hard pulpe ofa fowrith tafte,which they affirm was eatable. 

The other was a cod of fome inch and halfe long,and fome inch broad,membranons, rough,and 
ofa brownith colour,tharp pointed,and opening into two parts,and diftinguifhed with a thin film 
into foure cels,wherein were contained {carlet Peare fathioned little berries, hauing golden {pois 
efpecially in the middles. This growes in Brafile,and as Clufius was informed wascalled D aburi. 

‘24 Inthe fecond place.of the tenth figureand defeription inthis chapter you may finde the 

Pppppp , fingle 


—— 


SL ae oes 


es 


SS 


a aa 


ae arene toe 
= 


t 

iM { 

| | 

\ yj 
@ ; Y nS 
! r 


Of the Hiftory of Plants, 


Lis, 3. 


as 


c $ 21 Palma faccifera, 
The Sachell Date. 


$123 Kate baka, 
Daburi. 


$ 22 Lobus Echinatus. 
Beazor Nuts, 


£24 Nucula Indica racemofa, 


‘Thelndian,or rather Ginny Nuté 


Li. 3. ee Of the Hiftory of Plants. 3 1555 


ee ees 


+ ye" Pruebas Cinamel $ 26 Fructus aly Bxotici: 
& 25 Scalie ff fees fia ; Other ftrange fruits. 


y, 


uy y 


a1. 


lll be dl, 


(td), 


fingle Nut here figured, deferibed, & fet forth 3 
but this figure better expreffes the manner of 
growing therof: for firft it prefents to the view 
the nuts in their outer husks growing clofe td- 
gether,thenthe fingle nuts inand eut of their 
husks,and laftly their kernell : the thell of this 
nut Containes in it a certaine oilie fubftance, 
fomwhat refembling the oile of feet almonds: 
the treewhereof this nut isthe fruit growes in 
Ginny,and is much vfed by the people there, for 
they preffea liquour forth of the leaues, or elfe 
boile them in water, & this ferues them in fiead 
of wine & beare,orat leaft for a common drink, 
of the fruit they mak@bread ofa very fweet and 
pleafant tafte. 
$26 Fructus alij Exotici. 25 Thefe feaily fruits are fet forth by chy- 
Other firange fruits, fias,Exot./.2 ¢.3.The firft was three inches long 
and two inchesabont, and had in ita longith 
hard follid kernel, with many veines difperfed 
ouer it,and fuch kernels are fomtimes polithed, 
whereby they become white, and then their 
blacke veines make a fine thew, which hath gi- 
uen occafion to fom e impoftors to put them to 
faile for rare and précious ftones. 

The fecond was fmall, round and feaily, and 
the (cailes turned their points downwards to- 
wards the ftalke. 

The third was alfo fcaily, of the bigneffe ofa 
Walnut in his huske, with the {eailes very or- 
derly placed,and ofa brownith colour : it had a 
kernel which ratled in it when it was fhaken. 

26 The firft of the twoin the former table 
was brought from Ginny, itwas of the bignefle 
and fhape of a plum, two inches long, and one 
and halfe broad,ofa thicke fungous.fubftance, 
fomewhat wrinckled,and blackifh onthe out- 
fide, and within containing a certaine whitifh 
infiped friable pulpe, wherein lay a few {mall 
feeds, : 

The fecond was fome inch and halfe long,ant 
inch thicke; couered with an ath coloured skin 
compofed within ofmany fibres almof like the 
buske of the Nut Faufell, at the lowerend it 
ftood ina double cup,and it was tharp pointed 


Pppppp 2 a€ 


{ls 


\ 


TW 


SAIN 


NY 


rare ee ~~ Of.tha Hiftory of Plaisigs Lin. 3. 


at the vp per end: in this skin was contained a kernell,or rather nut,blacke,hard, and very wrinckled 
not much vnlike to that of Faufell, whereto I refer it 2s a kinde thereof, ‘Thefe twoare treated of 
by Clufins, Exot 1i6.2..6.23¢ 

The firft of the fecond table(wherein are contained foure figures) was 6faround forme, yeta 
little faton one fide, diftinguifhed vnder the blackeand fhining coat wherewith it was couered, 
with furrowes tunning euery way,not vnlike tothe Nut Faufell taken forth of his cover : the inner 
pulpe was hard and whitith, firft ofa falr, and then ofan aftringent tafte, 

The fecond of thefe was an inch long, but rather the kernell ofa fruit,than a fruit ir felfe 3 it was 
round except at the one end,and all ouer knobby (though the pi@ure expreffe not fo much) there 
was alfo fome thew ofa triangular forme at each end. 

The third was two inches'and a halfe long,and in the broadeft part fome inch and more broad:ir 
was fomewhat crooked,the backe high and rifing,the top narrow,and the lower part fharp pointed, 
of an ath colour,with thicke and eminent nerues running alongft the back from the top to the low- 
er part,expreft with fuch art,as if they had been done by fome curious hand: it feemed to haue bin 
-ouered ouer with another rinde, but it was worne off by the beating of the waues of the fea vpon 

he fhore. 

The fruit Cwsane figured in the fourth place of this table,was two inches long and an inch broad 

the head,and fo fmaller by little 8 lirtle,with a back ftanding out,{mooth,black,and fhining,ha- 
wing three holes at the top,-one aboue, & twobelow:they faid it grew vpona {mal tree called Mor- 
remor,and was yet vnripe,but when itwas ripe it would be as big again,and that the natiues where 
irgtew (which was as I take it about W iapock) roft it vpon the coles, and cate it againft the head. 
ache, Clufius fets forth thefe foure in his Exot,/,2.c.22.he defcribes Cumane cap.21. : 


Cuar.160.  OfSun-Dew, Youth woort,Ros Solis. 


1 Ros Solis folio rotundo. 2 Ros Solis folio oblongo. 
~ Sun-Dew with round leaues. Sun-Dew with longith leaues, 


prel yttee ; = ; ee 
oe) Drcjpera rolrrnialrfo lor . SHrvvenroe gira Con 


Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1597 


q] The Defiription. 


I Vn-Dew is a little herb and groweth very low, it hath a few leaues ftanding vpon flendet 
ftems,very fmall,fomething round,a little hollow,and like an eare picker, hairy and red- 
diflas be alfo the ftems,hauing dew and moifture vpon them at the driefttime of the 

yeare,and when the Sun fhineth hocteft even at high noone;and a moneth after there {pring vp lit- 
tle ftalks,a hand breadth high, on which ftand {mall whitith floures :the roots are very flender,and 
like vnto haires. 

2 The fecond kinde is like vnto the former, in ftalks and floures, but larger, and the leaues are 
longer, and not fo round, wherein confifteth the difference. 

@ The Place. 

They grow in defart,fandic and funny places,bur yetwateric, and feldome other-where than 4. 
mong the white marith mofle which groweth on the ground and alfo vpon bogs, 

€ The Time. 

Sun-Dew flourifheth in Sommer, it floureth in May or Iune : it is to be gathered when the weas 
ther is moft dry and calme. The diftilled water hereof that is crawne forth with a glafle {till, isofa 
glittering yellow co!our like gold,and coloureth filuer put therein like gold. 

@ The Names. 

Iris called in Latine,zos Solis : of diuers, Rorella: itis named of other,Sa// Ro/a,of the dew which 
hangeth vpon it,when the Sun is at the horteft:it is called in high Dutch, ZonDatw,and 4uidata; 
in low Dutch, Loopichectutt,which in Englith fignifieth Luftwoort, because theepe and other cat. 
tell,ifthey do but onely tafte of it,are prouoked to luft.It is called in Englith, Sun-Dew,Ros Solis, 
Youth-woort: in the Northern parts,Red Rot, becaufe it rorteth fheepe,and in Yorkethire, Moore 
graffe. 

G The Temperature. 
Ivisa fearing or caufticke herbe,and very much biting, being hot and drie in the fourth degree. 
The Vertues. 

Theleaues being ftamped with fale do exulcerate and raife blifters,to what part of the body fo- A 
euer they be applied. . 

The later Phy titions haue thought this herbe tobe a rare and fingular remedie forall rhofe that B 
bein aconfumption of the lungs,and efpecially the diftilled water rhercof : foras the herbe dath 
keep and hold faft the moifture and dew,and fo faft,that the extreme drying heate af the Sun can. 
not conf{ume and wafte away the fame:fo likewife men thought that herewith the narurall and ra- 
dical humidity in mens bodies is preferued and cherifhed. But the vfe therofdoth otherwife teach; 
and reafon fheweth the contrarie : for {eeing ir is an extreme biting herb,and that the diftilled wa. 
ter isnot altogether without this biting qualitie,ir cannot be taken with fafery:for it hath alfo bin 
obferued,thar they haue fooner perithed that vfed the dittilled water hereof,than thofe that abftaj- 

ned from it,and haue followed the right and ordinarie courfe of diet. f 

Carrell ofthe female kinde are ftitred vp to luft by eating euen of a {mall quantity: which thing © 
hath greatly increafed their vain opinion,without fence or reafon; for it doth not mouenor prounke 

cattell to luft, for that it increafeth the fub ftance of the feed ,but becaufe through his fharpand bi- 
ting gualitie it ftirreth vp a defire to luft,which before was dulled,and as it were afleepe. 

Te ftrengthneth and nouritheth thebody,efpecially if it be diftilled with wine, and that liquour 
made thereof which the common people docall Rofa Solis. 

Ifany be defirous to haue the faid drinke effectuall for the purpofes aforefaid, let them lay the 
leaues of Rofa Solis inthe fpirit of wine,adding theteto Cinnamon, Cloues,Maces, Ginger, Nut- 
megs, Sugar,and a few graines of Muske,fuffering it fo to ftand ina glaffe clofe ftopt from the aire; 
and fet in the Sun by the fpace of ten daies,then ftraine the fame,and keep it for your vfe. 


Cuar. 161. Of Moffe of trees. 
q The Deferiptions ; 


~ Ree Mofle hath certaine things like haires, made vp as it were of a multitude of {lender leantes; 
" now and then ali tobe iagged hackt,and finely carued, twiftedand interlaced one in another, 
which cleane faft to the barkes of trees,hanging downe from the bodies: one of this kinde is mote 


PPPPPP 3 flendet 


wer 3 Obdiehihenéet. Plants, L bag 


flender and thin, another more thicke, another 

Mufeus queraus . fhorter,another longer ; allof them for the moft 

The Moffe of the Oke & of other trees. being ofa whitith colour, yet oftentimes there is 

‘ a certainc one alfo which is blacke,but lefler and 

thinner: themoft commendable of them all, as, 

Pliny faith,be thofe that are whitith,then the red 
difh,and laftly fuch as be blacke. 
a The Place. 

This Moffe is foundon the Oke tree, the whire 
and blacke Poplar tree, the Oliue tree,the Birch 
tree,the Apple tree,the Peare trec,the Pine tree, 
the wilde Pine tree,the Pitch tree,the Firre tree, 
the Cedar tree,the Larch tree, & ona great fort 
ofother trees. The beft, as Diofcorides faith, is 
that of the Cedar tree,the next of the Poplar, in 
which kinde the white and the fweet fnelling 
Moffe is the chiefeft ; theblackith fort is of no 
account. Matthiolys writeth, that in] taly that 
Molle is fweet which groweth on the Pine tree, 
the Pitch tree,the Fir tree,& the Larch tree,and 
the fweeteft that of the Larch tree. 


q The Time, 
Moffe vpon the trees continueth all the yeare 
long. 
q] The Names, 


It iscalled ofthe Grecians aon of the Latins, 
Mufeus : the Arabians and fome Apothecaries in 
other countries call it Yfrea : in high Dutch, 
QP ols : in low Dutch, Moth: the French men, 
Lu Mouth: the Italians, uufgo -: in Spanith, 
Mufco de los arbores:in Englith, Moffe,tree Moffe, 
or Moffe of trees. 


q The Temperature. 
| t Mofle is fomewhat cold and binding, which Notwithftanding is more and leffe according vnto, 
{ the nature and facultie of that tree on which it gtoweth, and efpecially of his barke: for it taketh 
Hw vntoit felfe and alfo retaineth a certaine propertic of that barke, as of his breeder of which hee is 
ingendred : therefore the Mofle which commeth of the Oke doth coole and very much binde,be- 
} fides his owne and proper facultie,it receiueth alfo the extreme binding quality ofthe Oke barke 
it felfe. : 
The Moffe which commeth of the Cedar tree, the Pine tree,the Pitch tree,the Fir tree,the Larch 
; tree,and generally all the Rofine trees are binding,and do moreouer digeftand foften, 
q The Vertues. 
Serapio faith that the wine in which Moffe hath been fteeped certain daies,bringeth found fleep} 
engtheneth the ftomacke,ftaieth vomiting,and ftoppeth the belly. : 
Diofcorides writeth,that the decoction of Moffe is good for women to fit in, that are troubled 
with the whites ; itis mixedwith the oile of Ben,and with oiles to thicken them withall. 
Itis fit tobe vfed in compofitions which ferue for fiveet perfumes,and that take away wearifom- 
nefle;for which things that is beft of all which is moft fweet of {mell. 


A fy 
B 


Cuar. 162. Of ground Mofe. 


} bie The Kindes, 


ue i Here groweth alfo on the fuperficiall or vppermoft part of the earth diuers Moffes,as alfo vpon 
: if ted rocks and {tony places.and marifh grounds, differing in forme nota little, 
#4 Jit 3 D 3 Die! 
{ @| The Defcription, 
| hy I He common Moffe groweth ypon the earth. and the bottome of old and antient trees , 
her { , 5 Per 2 
Ht ) hh _* but {pecially vpon ftch as grow in fhadowie woods,and alfoat the bottom of fhadowy 
Ys if - aye ae ne ee oct heds 
4 edges 
oN" 


Lis. 3 Of the Hitftorie of Plants, 1559 
1 Mufcusterrestris vulgaris. 
Common ground Moffe. 
3 Mufcus terreftris (coparius. 3. 4. Mifeus capillarss, fine Adianthum 


aureum maius Cy minus. 
Goldilockes or golden Maiden-haire 
the bigger and leffe. 3 


Beefome ground Mofle. 


hedges and ditches, and fuch like places : it is very well knowne by the foftheffe and length there: 

of, being a moffe moft common, and therefore needeth not any further defcription, 5 
2 Beefome Mofle, which feldome or neuer is found but in bogs and marith places, yet fome- 
times haue I found it in fhadowie dry ditches, where the Sun neuer fheweth his face: it growethi 
vp halfea cubit high, euery particular leafe confifting of an innumerable fort of hairy threds fer 
vpon a middle rib, of a fhining blacke colout like that of Maiden-haire,or the Capillare Moffe.4- 
diasthum aurenm whereof itisakinde. ; ; 
3. Thiskinde of Moffe, called cAujcus capillaris, is feldome found but vpon bogs and moorifh 
places, and alfo in {ome fhadowiedry ditches where the Sun doth not come, I found it in great 
aboundance in a fhadowie ditch vpon the left hand neere vnto a gate that leadeth fron Hampifted 
OS: SiR ROPE SES 3s 


eS 


ae. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1B. 3. 
i. 5 Mufius ramofus floridus . heath toward Highgate ; which place I haue 
Flouring branched Moffe. ihewed vnto diuers expert Surgeons of Lon- 


don, in our wandering abroad for our farther 
knowledgein Simples. This kind of Moffe, 
the ftalkes thereof arenot aboue one hand- 
full high, couered with fhort haires ftanding 
very thicke together, af an ob{cure yeilow 
green colour ; out of which ftalkes {pring vp 
fometimes very fine naked ftems, fomewhac 
blacke, vpon the tops of which hang as it 
were little graines like wheat cornes. The 
roots are very {lender and maruellous fine. 

+ Of this Uddianthum aurcum there are 
three kindes, different onely in magnitude, 
and that the two bigger haue many hairie 
threds vpon their branches, whenas the leaft 
hath onely three or foure clofe to the root 5 
and this is the leaft of plants that I euer yet 
faw grow. } 

4 _Ofthis there is alfo another kinde al- 
together leffer and lower. This kind of moffe 
groweth in moift places alfo,commonly in 
old moffie and rotten trees » likewife vpon 
rocks,and oftentimes in the chinks and cran~ 
nies af ftone walls. 

f §  Thereis oftentimes found vpon old Okes and Beeches, and fuch like ouer-grawn trees, 
akinde of Moffe hauing many {lender branches, which dinide themfelues inta other Jeffer bran- 
ches; whereomare placed confufedly very many {mall threds like haires, afa greenith ath colour : 
vpon the ends of the tender branches fometimes there commeth forth a floure in fhape like vate 
alittle buckler or hollow Muthrom, ofa whitifh colour tending to yellownes, and garnifhed with 
the like leaues of thofe vpon the Jower branches, 


6 Mufcus Pyxidatus. 
| Cup or Chalice Moffe, 


. 
: 6) Of this Mofle there is another kinde, which Lobel in his Dutch Herbal hath fet forth vnder 
E bi | the title of MafcanPys latus, which I haue Englifhed,Cup Moffe or Chalice Moffe: it eroweth in 
) ( } themof-barréen dry and grauelly ditch bankes, creeping flat vpon the ground like vnto Liuerwore, 
ear) a |} i burofayellowith white colour: among which leaues ftart vp here and there certaine little things 
hi ih fathioned like litele enptalied a Beaker or Chalice,and of the fame colour and fubftance of the 
; Le!) ‘y lower feaues, which undoubtedly may be taken for the floures : the pouder of which Moffe giuen 
| ty tochildren inany liquor for certaine dayes together, is a moft certaine remedie againft that pe- 
Vee Mt rilfous maliad y called the'Chin-cough Ks ‘ 
Pret at ih} 7, There 1s likewife found in the fhadowie places of high mountaines, and at the foot of ol L 
{ fa and 


ane TNS ns 
wy 


Lin.3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. ~ 1561 


pitied Soc) OS ca atta air seine nO 
and rotten trees; a certainekinde of Mefft in face and thew not vnlike to that kinde of Oke Verne 
called Dryopteriss. It creepeth vpon the ground, hauing divers long, branches, confifting of many 
{mall leaues, euery particular leafe madevp of fundry little leaues,fet vpon a middle rib one oppo. 
{ite toanother. ; : 


7 Mufius Filiciaus. 3 Mufcus corniculatus. 
Moffe Ferne. , Horned or knagged Moffe. 


epricans 6 f L fypiondee 


9 Mufcws denticulates. 
Toothed Moffe. 


iy 
Od 


ys 4 
SC 


3 
SS RXR 
=a SN 


8  ‘Thereis found vpon the tops of our moft barren mountaines, but efpecially were fea Coles 
areaccuftomed to be digged, ftone to make 1ron of and alfo where ore is gotten for tinne and lead, 
acertaine {mall plant: ic rifech forth of the ground with many bare andnaked branches, diuiding / 
themfelues atthe top into fundry knags like the forked hornes of a Deere, euery part whereof is of j 
an ouerworne whitifh colour. } \ 
+ Our Author formerly gaue another figure and defcription of this plant, by the name of Ho- 
lo/teum petraum,which I baue omitted, thinking this the better. Tragus, Lonicerus, and Bauhine te- 
ferre thistothe Fernes, and the laft of them calleth it Filix faxatilis corniculata : Pena and Lobel 
made it thet? Holofinin alservi ; Thalins calls it 4 dianthum acro{chifton, (eu furcatum, + 
ig: There ts found creeping vpon the ground a certaine kinde of Moffé at the bottom of Heath 
atid Ling and frch like bufhes growing vpon batren mountaines,confifting as it were of {cales 
“made vp intoa long ropeorcord, difperfing it {elfe far abroad into fundry branches, thrafting ti 
ere 


Se 


1562 e Of the Hiftory of Plants, Lis. 3. 


here and thete certain roots like threds, which take hold vpon the vpper cruft of the earth, whereby 
itis fent and difperfed farabtoad : the whole plant is ofa yellowifh greene colour, 

10 This other kindé of Mofle is found in the like places : it alfo difperfeth it felfe far abroad, 
and is altogether leffer than the precedent, wherein confifts the diffegence, 


lo Mufins minor denticulatus -° 


Little toothed Moffe, 


tt Mujius clanatus; fine Lycopodium. t 12 Muftus clauatus falys Cyprefs. 
Club Mofle, or Wolfe claw Moffe, Heath Cypres, 


. the 
alyroborr rp chrdtwn— 


ir Thereis likewife another kinde of Moffe, which I haue not elfewhere found than vpon, 
Hampfted heath, neere vntoa little cottage, growing clofé vponthe ground amongft buthes and 
brakes;which Lhaue fhewed vnto diuers Surgeons of London, that haue walked thitherwith me 
for their further knowledge in Sim ples, whohaue gathered this kinde of Moffe,wherof fome haue 
Z ist Si cai e ~ * made 


L 13.3. OF the Hiftory of Plants. 1563 


made them hat-bands, girdles, and alfo 
bands to tye {uch things as they had before 
gathered, forthe which purpofe it moft firly 
{erued ; fome'pieces whereof are fix or eight 
foot long, confifting as it were of many hai- 
rie leaues fetvpon a tough ftring, very clofe 
couched and compa& together, fromwhich 
is alfo fent forth certaine other branches like 
the firft:in fundry places there be fenedown 
fine little ftrings , which ferue in ftead of 
roots, wherewith it is faftened to the vppet 
part of the earth,and taketh hold likewife 


13 Mufcus ex cranio humano, 
' Moffe growing vponthe skull ofa man. 


Ae vpon fuch things as grow next vato it. There 
ie” fpringalfo from the branches bare and naked 
MY; F ftalkes, on which grow certaine-cares as. it 

“ fens were like the catkins or blowings of the Ha- 
ecCraz fell tree, in fhape like a little club or the 

j nto Fhe reede Mace, fauing that it is much leffer,and 
<7 ofa yellowifh white colour,very well reféim- 

IHAtio bling the claw ofa Wolfe, whereof it tooke 


: his name ; which knobby katkins are alroge- 
ther barren, and bring forth neither feed nor 
floure. 


£ 14 Mofeus parvus flellaris. 
Small Heath Moffe. 


“* 12 This,whofe figure inthe formet edition was by our Author vafitly put for Lauaniler 
Cotton (hauing more regard to the title of the figure in Tabernamontanus, than'to fee whether it 
were that which he there defcribed) is no other rhanakinde of mafeas clavatus, or Club-Mofle. Ic 
is thought to be the Se/aco mentioned by Pliny, /ib.25. cap. 11. Tragus and fome others call it Sa- 
nina [ylueftris : Turner and Tuberwamontanus; Chamecypariffus : but Bauhine the moft fitly nameth it 
Mufeus clavatus foliis Cypref : and Turner not vnfitly in Englith, Heath Cypreffe. This is a low 
plant, and keepes grecne Winter and Sommer: the leaues are like thofe of Cypreffe, bitter in 
tafte, but without {mell sit carriés fach eares or catkins as the former, and thofe ofa yellowith co- 
louf :itis found growing in diuers wooddy mountainous places of Germanie,where they call it 
NDald Seuenbaum, or wilde Sauine. + 

13. This kinde of Moffe is found vpon the skulls or bare fcalps of men and women,lying long 
in charnell houfes or other places, where the bones of menand womien are kept together : it grow- 
eth very thicke, white, like vnto the fhort moffe vpon the trunkes of old Okes : it is though to be 
a fingular remedie againft the falling Euill and the Chin-cough in children, ifit be poudered,and 
then giuen in fweet wine for certaine daies together. ; 

+ 14  Vpondiuers heathy places in the'tyoneth of May is tobe found growing a little thort 
Moffe not much in thape different from the firft defcribed, but much leffe,and parted at the top 
inco ftar-fafhioned heads. Lobel calis this, Maftis in Ericetis proucuiens, + 

, @ The 


1564 Ot the Hittory of Plants. Lin.3. 


| The Place. 
Their feuerall defcriptions fet forth their naturall places of growing, 
a) The Time, 
They flourifh efpecially in the Sommer moneths. 
 @ The Names. 

Goldilocke iscalled in high-Dutch, nidertodt, golden NDedertodt, Jung Urautoen har: 
in low-Dutch, Gulden twoederdoot : Fuchfivs nameth it Polytrichon Apuley, ot Apuleius his Mai- 
den-haire ; neuerthelefie Apule‘ws Maiden-haire is nothing elfe but Diofcorides his Trichomanes,cal- 
led Englifh Maiden-haire ; and for that caufe wee had rather it fhould be termed Mufeus capillaris, 
or hairy Moffe. This 1s called in Englith, Goldilockes : it might alfo be termed Golden Moffe,or 
Hairy Moffe. 

Wolfes claw is called of diuers Herbarifts in our age, Mucus terveftris : in high- Dutch, 9$¢e¢= 
lay, Surtelbraut, Seilerauts in low-Durch, yaolfs clautwen ; whereupon wee firft named it 
Lycopodium, and Pes Lupt : in Englith, Wolfes foot,or Wolfes claw, and likewife Club-Moffe. 
Mott fhops of Germanie in former times did falfly terme it Spica celtica : but they did worfe, and 
were very much too blame, that vfed it incompound medicines in ftead of Spica celtica, or French 
Spikenard :as touching the reft, they are fufficiently {poken of in their defcriptions. 

| The Temperature. 
The Moffes of the earthare dry and aftringent, of a binding qualitie , without any heate or 
cold. 
Goldilocks and the Wolfes clawes are temperate in heate and cold. 
q The Vertues. 
A The Arabian Phyfitians do put Moffeamongft their cordial! medicines » as fortifying the fto- 
macke, to ftay vomit,and to ftop the laske. 
B Moff boiled in Wine and drunke ftoppeth the {pitting of bloud, piffing of bloud, the termes, 
c 


and bloudy flix. 

Mofle made into pouder is good to ftanch the bleeding of greene and freth wounds > andis a 
great helpe vnto the cure of the fame. 
. Wolfes claw prouoketh vrine, and as Hicronymns Tragus reporteth,wafteth the ftone,and driueth 
- y 4 it forth, 
E Being {tamped and boyled in wine and applied, it mitigateth the paine of the gout. 
F _ Floting wine, which is now become flimie, is reftored to his former goodneffe, if it be hanged 
vi in the veffell, as the fame Author teftifieth. : 


; f _ The figure formerly in the firft place was of the Mujevs Montanss of Tabern. being afmall kinde of Mufewe denticulatus. The feb and fixth were both of one; 
| and {0 of the two defcriptions I haue made onemore accurate,and referned the better figure, 
; 


Cuar.16 3s | Of Liuerwort. 


q The Defeription. 


I Tuerwort is alfo a kinde of Moffe which fpreadeth it felfe abroad vpon the ground, ha- 

ie uing many vneuen or crumpled leaues lying one ouer another, as the f{cales of Fithes 

do, greene aboue, and browne vnderneath ; amongft thefe grow vp finall fhort ftalkes, 

fpred at the top like a blafing ftarre, and certaine fine little threds are fent downe,by which it clea- 
ueth and fticketh faft vpon ftones, and vpon the ground, by which 1t liveth and flouritheth. 

2 The fecond kinde of Liuerwort differeth not but in ftature, being altogether leffe,and more 
fmooth or cuen : the floures on the tops of the flender ftems are not fo much laid open like a ftar ; 
but the efpeciall ditference confifteth in one chiefe point,that is to fay, this kinde being planted 
; ina pot, and fet in a garden aboue the ground, notwithftanding it {pitteth or cafteth round about 
" 


ii the place great ftore of the fame fruit, where neuer any did grow before. 
A { k + Of this fore which is {mall, and oftentimes found growing in moift gardens among Beares- 
TRV) CARAS eares, and {uch plants, when they are kept in pots,there are two varieties, one hauing little ftalkes 
j iy 


We fome inch long, witha ftarre-fathioned head at the top : the other hath the Jike tender ftalke,and a 
round head at the top thereof, + 


; j 2 This is found vpon rockes and ftony places, as well neere ynto the fea, as further into the 

a i land : it groweth flat vpon the ftones, and creepeth not far abroad as the ground Liverwort doth,it 

an oes only refteth it felfe in {pots and tufts fet here and there, ofa dufty ruffet colour aboue,and blackith 
ie ; ih voderneath : among the crumpled leaues rife vp diuers {mall ftems, whereupon do grow little ftar- 
igekic | like floures of the colour of the leaues : it is often found at the bottom of high trees growing vpon 


¥e I He high 


Lips 3 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


I Hepatica terreftris, 
Ground Liuer-wort, 


he 
Gs 
@ slid 


fib 
ye 


W 


“tps 
GG 
CA 


zaa 
S 


3 Hepatica petras. 
Stone Liuerwort, 


high mountaines, efpecial] in thadowie pla- 
ces. 


q The Place. 

This is often found in fhadowy and moift 
places,onrocks and great {tones ]ayd by the 
highway,and in other common paths where 
the Sun beams do feldome come,and where 
no traueller frequenteth. 

The Time. 

Itbrings forth his blafing flars and leaues 

oftentimes in Iuneand Iuly. 
q The Names. 

Itis called of the Grecians, se: of the 
Latines, Lichen : and of fome, 2s that is to 
fay, Mufius,or Moffe, as Diofcorid’s witne{- 
feth : it is named in fhops Hepatica, yet there 
are alfo many otherherbes named: Hepatice, 
or Liuer-worts, for difference whereof this 
may fitly becalled Hepatica petrat,or Stone 
Liuer-wort, hauing taken that name from 
the Germanes , who call this Liuerwort, 
Stevn Leberbraut : and in low- Dutch, 
Steen Leuercrupt sin Englith,Liverwort 

| The Temperature. Sve 

This Stone Liuerwort is oftemperature cold and dry,and fomewhat binding. 

q The vertues. 

It is fingular good againft the inflammations of the liuer,hot and fharpe.agues, and tertians 

which proceed of choler. 


we 


VK yy, 
Ne Lh 


Qqqqq¢ Diofcorides 


"1566 Of the Hiftory of Plants. Lis. 3. 


Diofcorides teacheth, that Liuer-wort being applied to the place ftancheth bleeding takes away 
all inflammations, and that it is good fora tetter or ring-worme,called in Greeke, aw : and that it 
is aremedie for them that haue the yellow iaundice, euen that which commeth by the inflamma- 
tion of the liver ; and that furthermore it quencheth the inflammations of the tongue, 


Cuari 164. 
Of Lung-wort, or wood Liner-wort, and Oifter_greene. 


x Lichen arborum, 2 Lichen marinus. 
Tree Lung-wort, Sea Lung-wort, or Oifter-greene. 


PLA 


Hh ‘ hi Wi 
NK 
Ng 


ee bt ee eee 2 
tn ee Ey ae 
——_———— 
@ The Defiription, 
I O Liuerwort there is ioyned Lung-wort, which is alfo another kinde of Moffe, drier, 


broader, ofa larger fize,and fet with {cales : the leaues hereof are greater,and diuerfly 

folded one in another, not fo fmooth, but more wrinckled, rough and thicke almoft 
likea Fell or hide, and tough withalt: on the vpper fide whitifh,and on the nether fide blackith or 
dufty, it feemeth to be aftera fort like to lungs or lights. 

2 Thiskinde of fea Moffe is an herby matter much like vnto Liuer-wort, altogether without 
ftalke or ftem, bearing many greene leaucs, very vneuen or crumpled,and full ofwrinkles,and fom- 
what broad, not much differing from leaues of crifpe or curled Lettuce : this groweth vpon rockes 
within the bowels of the fea, but ef{pecially among oifters, and in greater plenty among thofe Oi- 
fters which are called Wall-fleet Oifters : it is very well knowne cuen to the poore Oifter-women 
which carry Oifters to fell vp and downe,who are greatly defirous of the faid moffe for the decking 
and beautifying of their Oifters,tomake them fell the better. This moffe they doe call Oifter- 
grecne. ; 

"4 3. The branches of this elegant plant are fome handfull or betrer high, fpred abroad on e- 
ueric fide,and only confifting of fundry fingle roundith leaues, whereto are faftned fomtimes one, 
fometimes 


Se 


a iy Be 3. Of the Hiftory ot Plants, 16 7 


fometimes two or more fuch leaues , fo that the whole plant confifts of branches made vp of fuch 
round Jeaues, faftned together by diuers little & veryfinal threds : the lower leaues which ftick fat 
to the rockes are of a brownith colour, the other ofawhiti(h ora light greene colour, fmooth and 
fhining. This growes vponrockes in diuers parts ofthe Mediterranean. Clufiws fetveth it forth by 
the name of Lichen Marinus , and herecciued it from Imperato by the name of Sertuloria : and Cortu: 

fishad it from Corfica, by the title of Corallina latifolia sand he called it Opuntia marinashauing tefe= 
rence to thar mentioned by Theophraft. lib.1. cap. 2. Hiff.Plant. + 


+ 3. Lichen marinus rotundifilins, Round leaned Oiftersweed. 


4 Quercus marina, $ 4 Quercus marine varietas. 
Sea Oke or Wracke. A-varietie of the fea Oke or Wrack} 


ee 


te 
re 


LS 


4 Thereis alfoanorhet fort of {ea Weed found vpon the drowned tockes,which arenaked and 
bare of water at euery tyde. This fea Weed groweth vnto the rocke, faftned vnto the fame at one 


Qq9999 2 endy 


1568 Of the Hifterie of Plants. L 12.3. 


end, being a foft herby plant,very flipperie,infomuch that it isa hard matter to ftand vpon it with- 
out falling : itrampeth far abroad,and here and there is fet with certaine puftyp tubercles or blads 
ders, full of winde,which giueth a cracke when it is broken : the leafe it felfe doth fomewhat re- 
femble the Oken leafe, whereof it tooke his name Quercus marina, the fea Oke: of fome, Wracke, 
and Crow Gall. Hisvfe in phyficke hath not beene fet forth, and therefore this bare deferi ption 


may {uffice., 
£ 5 Quercus marinafecunda, £ 6 Quercus marinatertia. 
Sea Thongs. The third fea Wracke. - 


+ Ofthis Quercus marina, or Fucus, there are diuers forts, whereof I willigine you the figures 
t and a briefe hiftorie : the firft of thefe is onely a varietie of the laft defcribed, differing there-from 
in the narrownefle of the leaues, and largenefle of the fwolne bladders. 

5 This growes to the length of fiue or fix foot, is fmooth and membranous, being fome halfe 
fingers bredth, and varioufly diuided, like wet parchment or leather cut into thongs : this hath no 
fwolne knots or bladders like as the former, and is the Fucus marinus fecundus of Dodoneus. 

6 This Wracke or fea weed hath long and flat ftalkes like the former,but the ftalks are thicke 
fet with fwolne knots or bladders, out of which fometimes grow little leaues, in other refpects it 
isnotvnlike the formerkindes, Dodonaws makes this his Fucus marinus 3. 

7 The leaues of this other Wracke, which Dodonaus makes his Fucus marinus quartns,are nar 
f rower, {maller, and much diuided ; and this hath either none or very few of thofe fwollen bladders 

H which fome of the former kindés haue. 
8 This, which Lobel calleth U4/ga marina, hath iointed blacke branched creeping roots of the 
| thickneffe of ones finger, which end as it were in diuers eares, or hairy awnes, compofed of whitith 
{ hairy threds fomewhat refembling Spikenard : from the tops of thofe cares forth leaues,long,nar- 
; ii i row, foft, and graffe-like, firt greene, but white when they are dry. It growes in the feaas the for- 
‘ (ae mer. They yfeit in Italy and orher hot countries to packevp glafles with, to keepe them from 


: : ' breaking. 
/ ~ ret rs = . Ss : 
{ ‘4 g Ofthis Tribe are diuers other plants; but I will onely giue you the hiftory of two more, 
' i which I firft obferued the laft yeare, going in company with divers London Apothecaries ro finde 


t -) & : 
fa,08H i) | i Simples, as farre as Margate inthe Iflandof Tenet ; and whofe figures (not before extant that I 
; : Ni 4 ELOY of) I firk gauc in my Journal] or enumeration of fuch plants as we there and in other pla- 
; ces found., The firft of thefe by reafon of his various growth is by Bauhine in his Prodromus diftin- 
guifhed 
guith 


‘ 


ke 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants.” 1569 


guifhed into two,and deferibed inithe {econd arid third places. The third hecalls Fwews loxgijf;- 
mo, latifiimo, cralfoque folio, and this is marked with the figure r. Thefecond hecalls Fucus arborens 
polyfchides ; and this you may fee marked with the figure 2. This fea Weed (as I haue {aid) hath 
a various face, for fometimes from a fibrous root, which commonly groweth to a pibble ftone, or 
faftened toa rocke, it fendeth forth a round ftalke feldome fo thicke as ones little finger,and about 
fome halfe foot in length, at the top whereof growes outa fingle leafe, fometimes anell long, and 
then it isabout the bredth of ones hand, and itends ina fharpe point, forhat itvery well refem- 
bles atwo edged fword. Sometimes fromthe fame root come forth two fuch fafhioned leaues, 
but then commonly they are leffer. Otherwhiles at the top of the ftalke it divides it {elfe into 
eight, nine, ten, twelue, more or fewer parts, and that iuft at the top of the ftalke, and thefe neuer ’ 
come to that length'that the fingle leaues do. Now this I indge to be the Fucus poly[chides of Ban 
hine, That thefe wvo are not feuerall kindes Iam certaine ; for I haue marked borh thefé varieties 
from oneand the fame root, as you may fee them here cxpreft inthe figure. At Margate where 
they grow they call them fea Girdles, and that name well befits the fingle one; and the diuided 
one they may call Sea Hangers, for if you do hang the tops downewards, they doe reafonable well 
refemble the old fafhioned fword-hangers. Thus much for their fhape: now for their colour, 
which is not the fame inall ; for fome are more greene, and thefe can fearce be dried ; other-fome 
ate whitifh,and thefedo quickly dry,and then both in colour and fub {tance are fo like parchment; 
that fuch as know them not would atthe firft view take them to benothing elfe, This is of aglu- 
tinous fubftance, anda little faltith tafte;and diuers haue told me they are good meate,being boi- 
Jed tender, and fo eaten with butter, vineger,and pepper. 


$ 7 Quercus marina quarta. $8 Alga. 
lagged Sea Wracke. acke, . 
Woauma_ 


= 


<= 


= 
oS 


> SSRs 


[ES 
Ss 


KES 


10 This which I giueyou in the tenth place is not figured or defcribed by any that as yer i 
haue met with ; wherefore I gaue the figure and defeription in the forementioned Iournall, which 
Twill here repeate. ‘This isa very fucculent and fungous plant, of the thicknefle ofones thumbe; 
it is ofa darke yellowith colour,and buncheth forth oneuerie fide with many vnequall tuberofi- 
ties or knors : whereupon M’. Thomas Hickes being in our companie did fitly name it Sea rag- 
ged Staffe. VVe did nor ooferue it growing, but found one or two plants thereof foie foot long 
apiece. 


Qq9999 3 nin 


1570 Of the Hifterie of Plants. L 12.3. 


+ 9 Fucus phalganoides & poly(chides, a £ 10 Fucus fpongiofus nodofus. 
_ _ SeaGirdle and Hangers, © ‘Seareeee mae ‘ 


: 


Yj cai 


Y7-agjpO 


a 2 Nt | h 
MAT NaN 
ROTA VN EV OEY 
11 In fome flow running waters is to be found this long greenehairy weed, which is thought 
to be the Conferua of Pliny : it is made vp onely of long hairy greene threds, thicke thrummed to- 
gether without any particular fhape or fafhion, but only following the current of the ftreame. + 
gq The Place. ; 
__Atgroweth vpon the bodies of old Okes, Beech, and other wilde trees, in datke & thick woods : 
it is oftentimes found growing vpon rocks,and alfo in other fhadowie places. 
3 @ The Timeand Names. 
It flouritheth efpecially inthe Sommer moneths. , 
Ittaketh his name Pxlmonariaof the likeneffe of the forme which it hath with lungs or lights, 
called in Latine Px/mones,of fome, Lichen: it is called in high-Dutch,Lungenkrautsin low-Dutch 
Aongheucrupt ¢ in French, verbe x Powlmon : in Englifh,Lung-wort, and wood Liuerwort. 
G The Temperature, 


This feemeth to becold and dry, 
q The 


& ons Bg 2 the Hiftorie of Plants. a is7i 


| The Vertues: 
It is reported that fhepheards and certaine horfeleeches déwith good fucceffe giue the pouder A 
hereof! with faltvnto their theepe and other cattell which be troubled with the cough, and be bro- 
ken winded. 
Lungwoort is much commended ofthe learned Phyfitions of our time againft the difeafes of B 
the lungs,efpecially for the inflammations and vicers of the fame,being brought into pouder, and 
drunke with water. 
It is likewife commended for bloudy.and greene wounds jand forvicers inthe fecret parts, and C 
alfoto ftay the reds, > : 
Moreouer, it toppeth the bloudy flix, andother flixes and {courings, either vpwards or downe- 
wards,efpecially if they proceed of choler: it fayeth vomiting,as men fay,and i italfo ftoppeth the 
bell 

Oitter greene fried with egges and madeintoa tanfie & eaten,is a fingular remedy for to.ftreng. D 
then the w weakneffe of the backe. 


Cuar. 165, OfSea Moffe,or (oralline. 


q The Kinds, 


T Here be diuers forts of Moffe,srowing as well within the bowels of the fea, as vpon the rock 
sine < ‘ 5] $3 
ee vnder {undry titles. 


a Mufcus marinus,five Coralina alba. t 2 Mufcus marinus albidus, 
White Coralline,or fea Moffe. White fea Mofle. 


es 


ci We 


Sn ae Sues 
p EIS KN Als i AS Wists SS : 3 Corallina Anglica. 
ALE S77 oe 8 ISN Englith Coraline, : 


V ASN 
a8 - vas 


S 
z =A oade SA 


{ 


laiaraiiviieianiniiiemi me. 


W572 ~~~--«Of the Hiiftory of Plants, Lis. 3° 


G] The Defiription. 


THis kinde of Sea Moffe hath many {mall ftalkes finely couered or fet ouer with {mall 
leaues, very much cut or iagged,euen like the leaues of Dill,but hard, and ofa ftonie 
fubftance. 

2 The fecond is much like vato the former, yet not ftony, but more finely cut, and growing 

more vpright,branching it felfe intomany diuifions at the top, growing very thicke together, and 

in great quantitie,out of a piece of ftone,which is fafhioned like an hat or {mall tonic head,wher- 
by it is faftened vnto the rocks. ay 

3. This third kinde of fea moffe is very well knownein fhops by the name Corallina;it yeeldeth 
forth a great number of fhoots,in fhap much like vnto Corall; being full of {mall branches difper- 
fed here and there,diuerfly varying his colour,according to the placewhere it is found, beeing in 
fomeplaces red, in otherfome yellow,and of an herby colour,in fome gray, or ofanath colour, and 
in otherfome very white. 

4 The fourth kinde of Sea Moffe is fomewhat like the former,but {maller,and not fo plentiful 
where it groweth,profpering alwaies vpon fhels,as of Oyfters, Mufcles,and Scallops, as alfovpon 
rolling ftones,in the bottome of the water,which haue tumbled downe from the high clifftesand 
rocks,notwithftanding the old prouerbe,that rolling {tones neuer gather Moffe. 


4. Corallina minima. 5 Mufcus Corallinus, five Coralia montana. 
The fmalleft Coralline, Corall Mofle,or mountaine Coralline, 


§ There is found vpon the rocks and mountaines of France,bordering vpon the Mediterranean 
fea,a certaine kinde of Coralline,which in thefe parts hath not been found: ir groweth in manner 
like vnto a branch of Corall,but altogether lefferofa fhining red colour,and ofa ftony fubftance. 

+ [know not what our Author meant by this defcription,but the plant which here is figured 
out of Taber namontanus (and by the fame title he hath it) isof a Moffe growing vpon Hampftead 
heath,and moft fuch places in England : it growes vp fome two or three inches high,and is diuided, 
into very many little branches ending in little threddy chiues : all the branches are hollow,and of a 
very light whitedry fubftance,which makes it fomewhat to refemble Coralline, yet is it not ftony 
atall, £ 

6 There isalfo found vpon the rocks neere vnto Narbone in France, and not far from the fea,a 

kinde 


Lip: 3. 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 


6 Fucus marinus tennifolius. 
Fenell Coralline,or Fenel! Moffe. 


£ 8 Fucustennifolins alter. 
Bulbous fea Fennell, 


———, A 


iy = 
== 
ae 


£ 7 Fucus ferulaceni, 
oe Fenell, 1° 
dio nel Urn A— 


ly 


( i) } 


! 


$9 Mufcus marinus Clufius, 
Branched:Sea Moffe, 


NM a 


) Wh 


AA opti phe eS 
-—_ J 


ah. se 


tA a 


as os 


574, Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


nar 


kinde of Coralline .irgroweth vp tothe forme of a {mall fhrub, branched diuerfly ; whereon doe 
grow {mall grafle-like leaues,very finely cut or iagged, like vnto Fennel; yet are they ofa ftony fub- 
{tance,as are the reft of the @orallines, ofa darke ruffet colour, 

¢ 7. Thisgrowes alfo in the like places,hauing many fmall long Fennell-like dinided Icaues 
vpon ftalks fome foot long, with fome {welling eminences here & there fet in the diuifions of rhe 
leaues:this is by Lobel called by the name [ here giue you it. 

8 Thisalfohath fine cut leaues like thofe of Fennell,but much leffe & fhorter,of a faire green 
colour : thefe grow vp from round tuberous roots, which together with the fibres they fend forth 
are ofa blackith colour : the ftalks alfo are tuberous and fwolne,as in other plants of this kind, Ir 
growes in the fea with the former. Dedoneus calls this Fucus marinus virens tenuifolins. 

9 Thiskinde of fea Moffle growes fome fourc or more inches long, diuided into many bran- 
ches, which are fubdiuided into fmaller, fet with leaues finely iagged, like thofe of Cammomil!, 
at firft foft,flexible,and tran{parent,greene below,and purplifh aboue ; being dried, it becommerh 
rough and fragile, like as Coralline, It growes inthe Mediterranean {ca. 

10 This Sea Moffe isa low little excrefcence,hauing fomewhat broad cut leaues growing ma. 
ny from one root: in the whole face it refembles the moffe that grows vpon the branches of Okes 
and other trees,and is alfowhite and very like it,but much more brittle. This by Doedonaus is called 
Mufcus Marinus tertius. 


£ 10 Mufcus marinus 3, Dod, Broad leafed Sea moffe. 


tt Vpon the rocks and fhels of fea fithes are to be found diuers {mall plants, hauing refem- 
blance to others that grow vpon the land,and Clufius {aith,vpon the coaft of the Low countries he 
obferuted one which very much refembled the Fir-tree, hauing branches growing orderly on both 
fides,but thofe very brittle and fmall, feldome exceeding a handfull in height, and couered as it 
were with many {mall fcales. He obferued others that refembled Cypreffe trees, and other bran- 
ches thatrefembled Tameriske or heath. + 


G The 


@ The Place. ; 

Thefe Moffes grow in the fea vpon the rocks, and are oftentimes found vpon Oifter fhels, Mus- 
kell thells,and vpon ftones : I found very great plenty thereof vnder Reculuers and Margate, in the 
Ifle of [haret,and in other places alongft the {ands from thence vnto Douer. 

q The Time. 
Thetime an{wereth the other Moffes,and are found atall times of the yeate. 
q The Names. 

Sea Mofle is called in Greeke spi Setar: in Latine,Mufens marinus:of the Apothecaries, Italians, 
and French men,Coralliza: in Spanith, Adalharquiana yerwa:in high Dutch, $eermols:in low Dutch, 
Ze MPotch : in Englith,Sea Moffe,and of many Corallina, afterthe Apothecaries word, and it 
may be called Corall Mofle, The titles diftinguith the other kindes. 

The Temperature, 

Corallina confifteth,as Galen faith,of an earthie and waterifh effence,both of them cold: for by 
his tafte it bindeth,and being applied toany hot infirmitie, it alfoeuidently cooleth : the earthie 
effence of this Moffe hath init alfo a certaine faltnefle, by reafonwhereof likewife it drieth migh- 
tily. 


q The Vertues, 

Diofiorides commendeth it tobe good for the gout which hath need to be cooled. A 

The later Phyfitiohs haue found by experience, that it killeth wormes in the belly;itis giuento B 
this purpofe to children in the weight ofa dram or thereabouts. 

That which cleaueth to Corall,and is ofa reddith colour, is of fome preferred and taken forthe © 
beft : they count that which is whitith,to be the worfer. Notwithftanding in the French Ocean, the 
Britain,the low countrey, or elfe in the Germane ocean fea, there is fearce found any other than the 
whitith Coralline,which the nations neere adioyning do effeétually vfe. 


Cuar. 166. Of (orall. 


x Corallinu rubrum. 2 Corallium nigrum,five Antipathes. 


Red Corall. Blacke Corall. 


TT ME SSNS 
q The 


é 


: “1576 : Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 


_ 3 Corallinm album, “White Corral. 


SSS Lae ae 
4 Corallinmalbum alterum. £ 5 Coralloides all 


Theotherwhite or yellow Corral], Ww hitifh ba ftard Corall. 


_— 


i ST WITT 
TAN 
SUG Gs 


= = 
The Defiription. 
j ) I Lthough Cotrall bea matter or {ubftance, euen as hard as ftones.yet I thinke it nota- 
/ miffe to place and infer it here next vnto the moffes,and the rather for that the kindes 
j thereof do fhew them felues,as well in the maner of theit growing, as in their place and 
P EL, forme,like vnto the Moffes. This later age wherein we liue,hath found moe kindes hereof than eacr 
Dae ) were knowne or mentioned among the old writers. Some of thefe Corrals grow in the likenc feof 
' a, a fhrub,or {tony matter,others ina ftraight forme,with crags and ioints, fuch as we {ee by experi- 
he ence : the which for that they are fo well knowne,and in {uch requeft for Phyficke, I will not fand 
hy to deferibe; only this remember,thatthere is fome Corrall ofa pale yellow colour,as there be fome 
; GT red,and fome white. ae 
2 Theblacke Corrall groweth vpon the rocks neere to the fea about Mafiilia,in manner of rhe 
i former ; herein differing from it,in that this is ofa fhining blacke colour, and very fmooth, grow. 
yt ing vp rather like a tree,than like a fhrub 
| 3 Thewhite Corrall is like tothe former,growing vpon the rocks ncere the fea,and in the Weft 
parts of England,about Saint Michaels mount;but the branches hereof are fmaller,and mote brit. 
tle, finelier difperfed into a number of branches, of a white colour. 4 The 


Hifteric of Plants, “1577 


Lins3 = Of the 


\ 


£ 6 Coralloides rubens. 7 Spongia marina alba, 
Reddith baftard Corall. White Spunge, 


AE pink 
DANA 


Loan WNY 

) } Aen 
Sw SY SW an) wy 
A ON Na 


= im ” 


YU Mt wa 
ie ve 


1 


“+ 8 Spongiainfundibuli forma, + 9 Spougiaramofas 
Funnell fafhioned Spunge, hice Spunges 


4 The fourthand laft groweth alfo vpon the Wefterne rocks of the fea, and in the place afore- 
named, and varieth his colour, fometimes waxing white, fometimes yellow, and fometimes red. 

+° 5 This growes vpwith many branches fome two or three handfulls high ; the inner part is 

a hard wooddy fubftance, which is couered ouer with a white and hard ftony matter, fo thar it 

muchrefembleth white Corall, but that it és oe fo thicke, hard, nor fmooth, but is mist! 
IEsrT an 


s 


if 
5 


} 
| i 
- i 
ri 
; 
38h 
4 
- 18 
i 
oe 
F | 
ibe ; 


Of theHiftory of Plans. SS Lars 


1578 


"and bends eafily without breaking, which Corall will not do, Lobel calls this Corallina alba, it 


growes in the Mediteranian fea,and vpon the Coafts of Spaine, tas! ‘ 
~ 6 This inallrefpedts is like the laft defcribed, the colour excepted,which isa darke red, and 
therefore better refembles the red Corall. Clufiws refers both thefe to the Quercus Marina mentio- 
ned by Theophraffus, Hift. plant lib. 7. cap. 4. + e 
7 Thereis found growing vpon the rockes neere vnto the fea,a certaine matter w rought toge- 
ther,of the fome or froth of the fea,which we call {punges, after the Latine name, which may very 
fitly be infertedamong the fea Moffes, whereof towrite at large would greatly inereafe our vo- 
lume, and little profit the reader, confidering we haften toan énd, and alfo that thevfe is fo well 
knowne vnto all: therefore thefe few lines may ferue vntill a further confideration, or a fecond 
Edition. + Spunges are not like the Alcyowine, that is, an accidentall matter wrought together 
of the froth of the fea, as our Author affirmes, but rather ofa nobler nature than plants, for they 
are faid to haue fence, and to contrac thernfelues at the approach ofones hand that comes'to eur 
them vp, or for feare ofany other harme-threatning gbje¢t, and therefore by moft writers they are 
referred to the ¢aevm: which fome render Plantanimalia, that is, fuch as are neither abfolute plants, 
nor liuing creatures, but participate of both: they grow ofdiuers fhapes and colours vpon the 
Rockes in the Mediterranian,as alfo in the Archipelago, or Aigean fea. 
8  Clufius o'>oferued one yet adhering to the ftone whsreon4t gtew, which in fhape refembled 
a funnell, but in fub{tance was like another Spunge. SON 
9 _Thereisalfoto be found vpon our Englith coaft4 fmall kinde of fpunge caft vp by the fea, 
and this is alfo of different fhapes and colour, for the fhape it i8 alwaies diuided into fundry 
branches, but that after a different manner ; and the colour is oft times brownifh, and otherwhiles 
gray orwhite. Lodéel makes it Conftrue marina genus. $ 
@ The Place. 
The place of their growing is fufficiently fpoken of in their feuerall defcriptions, 
4 The Time, \ 
The time anfwereth the other kindes of fea Moffes, 
alt The Names, 
Corallivm rubrum is called inEnglith, red Corrall. Corallium nigrum, blacke Cograll, Coralliuza 
album,white Corrall, p 
@ The Temperature, 
Corrall bindeth, and meanely cooleth : it cler-firh the fearsand {pots of the eis, and is very ef- 
fectuall againft the iffues of loud, and eafeth the difficultie ofmaking water. 
| The Veriues. 
Corral] drunke in wine or water, preferueth from the fpleene ; and fome hang it about the 
neckes of fuch as haue the falling fickeneffe, and ir is ¢ ven in drinke for the fame purpole. 
It is a foucraigne remedy to dric, to ftop, and ftay all iffues of bloud whatfoeuer in man or wo- 
man,andthe dyfentery. , 
Burned Corralldrieth more than when it is vnburned, and being giuen to drinke iawater, it 
helpeth the gripings of the belly, and the griefes of rhe ftone in the bladder. 
Corrall drunke ta wine prouoketh fleepe : but ifthe patient haue an ague, then it is with better 
fucceffe miniftred in water, for the Corral! cooleth,and the warer moiftneth the body, by reafon 
whereofitreftraineth the burning heate in agues, and repreffeth the vapours that hinder fleepe. 


Cuar. 167. 0f Mufhrumes, or Toadftooles, 


@ The Kiades. 


H 

Ome Mufhrumes grow forth of the earth ; other vpon the bodies of old trees,which differ 
altogether in kindes. Many wantons that dwell neere the fea, and haue fith at will, ate.very 
defirous for change of diet to feed vpon the birds ot the mountaines ; and fuch as dwell vpon 

the hills or champion grounds, do longe after fea fith ; many that haue plenty of both, do hunger 
after the earthie excre{cences, called Mufhrumes : whereof fome arc very venomous and full of 
poifon,others not fo noifome ; and neither of them very wholefome meate ; wherefore for the auoi- 
ding of the venomous qualitie of the one,and that the other which is leffe venomous may be dif- 
cerned from it, I haue thought good to fet forth their pictures with their names and places of 
growth. + Becaufe the booke is already grown too voluminous, ] will only giue you the figures of 
fuch as my Author hath bere mehtioned, with fome few others,but not trouble youwith any more 
hiftory, yet diftincuith betweene fuch as are eatable,and thofe that be poyfonous, or at feaft nor 
to be eaten; for the firft figured amongft the poyfonous ones,is that we call léwes-eare,which hath 


nopoylonous facultic in it. Clufius (all whofe figures I could haue here gitien you) hath written a 
peculiar tract of thefe baftard plants,or exerefcences, where fuch as defireit may finde them {uffi- 
ciently difcourfediof. ¢ q The 


od 


pee i 
Lb Be ¥ Of the Hiftory ot Plants. 1579 


1 Fungi viescifimi cfeulenti. Gormon Muthrums to becatents 


———— 


SS 
Ss 


aa 


Wey) 
HAM)’ 


Sli 


rere 


Rrtrrr 2 


“80 == Of the, Hliftorie of Plans, =~ Er m3, 


The Defiription, ; 
= Round Mufhrums grow vp in one night, ftanding ypan a “4cke and round ftalke, like 
vntoa broad hat or buckler,ofa very white colour vntvst begin towither,at what time 
it lofeth his faitewhite,declining to yellowneffe : i¢ lower fide is fomewhat hollow, 
fer or decked with fine guttets,drawne along from the midesc centre to the circumference or round 
edge of the brim. ; aan 
2 All Mufhroms are without pith,rib, or veine : they differ nota little inbigneffe and colour, 
fome are great,and like a broad brimmed hat;others {maller, about the bignefie of afiluer coine 
calleda doller : moft of them are red vnderneath;fome more, fome leffe,others little or nothing red 
atall:the vpper fide which bearech out, is either pale or whitith,or elfe of an ill fauored colour like 
afhes(they commonly call ir Ath colour)orelfé it feemeth to be fomewhat yellow. 
There is another kinde of Mufhrums called Fungi parui lethales galericulati : in Ep lith, deadly, 
Mufhrums,which are fafhioned like vntoan hood,and are moft venomous and full o poifon. 
There is akinde of Mufhrum called Fungus Clypeiformis lathalis, that is alfoadeadly Mufhrum, 
fathioned like a little buckler. 
There is another kinde of Muthrum,which is alfo moft venomous and ful! of poifon, bearing al. 
fo the fhape ofa buckler,being called Fungus venenatus Clypeiformis : in Englith,the flinking veno, 
meus Mufhrom, 


2 Fungi tethales,aut (altem non efeulensi, 
Poyfon Mufhrums,orat the leaft {uchas are not vulgarly caten, 


hae we 
NWT 
Fay 


: The Muthrumis or Toodftooles which grow vpon the trunkes or bodiés of old trees, very mucli 
‘dal a ie refembling 4uricula Inde,that is lewes eare,do in continuance of time grow vnto the fubftanceof 
1h wood,which the Foulers do call Touchwood, and are for the moft halfecirculed or halfe round, 
1c whofe vpper part is fomewhat plaine,and fometimea little hollow,but the lower part is plaited or 
a purfed together. This kinde of Mufhrum the Greciansdo call cqupra,and is full of venome or poi. 
We t fonas the former,cfpecially thofe which grow vpon the Iex,Oliue,and Oke trees, 
aE There is likewifea kindeof Mufhrum called Fungus Faxaginofus, growing vp in moiftand fha- 
i dowie woods,which is alfo venomous, hauing a thicke and tuberous ftalke, an handfull high, of a 
duskifh colour;the top whereof is compact of many {mall divifions,like vnto the hony combe. 


There 


da Be 30 Of the Hiftory of Plants, 1581 


Fungus {ambucinus, five Auricula Inde. Lewes cares. 


— a 
Gy” 


= 4) y) 
Zara ‘ 


Rrrrrf 3 


i}! 
i 


“71582 Of the Hliftory of Plants; _ Dre.3. 


There is alfo found another, fet forth vnder the title Fangus virilis penis arecti forma, which wee 
Englifh,Pricke Mufhrum,taken from his forme. ; ; 
Eng Fungus orbicularisor Lupi crepitus,fome do call it Lucernarnm fungus :in Englifh, Fuffe balls, 
Pucke Fu ffeand Bulfifts,with which in fome places of England they vfe to kill or fmolder their 
Bees,when they would driue the Hiues,and bereaue the poore Bees of their meat,houfes,and lines: 
thefe are alfovfed in fome places where neighbours dwell far afunder,to carry and referue fire from 
place to place,whereof it tooke the name, Lucernarum Fungus : in forme they are very round, fticking 
and cleauing vnto the ground,without any ftalks or ftems,at the firft white, but afterward ofa du- 
skifh colour,hauing no hole or breach in them,whereby aman may fee into them,which being tro- 
den vpon do breath forth a moft thin and fine pouder,like vnto fmoke, very noifome and hurtful 
vnto theeies,caufing a kinde of blindnefle,which is called Poor-blinde,or Sand-blinde, 

Fungi lethales, five non efculenti, Poifonous Mufhrums. 


There is another kinde of Fuazus,or Muthrum,which groweth in moitt medowes, and by ditch 
fides, fiue or fix inches high,couered ouer witha skin like a piece of fheepes leather, ofa rufler co. 
lour;which being taken away there appeareth a long and white ftumpe, in formenot much vnlike 
toan handle,mentioned inthe title,or like vnto the white and tender ftalke of Aron, but greater : 
this kinde is alfo full of venome and poifon. 

There is likewife a kinde of Muthrum, witha certaine round excrefcence, growing within the 
earth, vnder the vpper cruft or face of the fame, in dry and grauelly grounds in Pannoniaand the 
Prouinces adioiningwhich do caufe the ground to fwel,and be full ofhils like Mole-hils. The peo- 
ple where they grow,are conftrained to dig them vp and caft them abroad like as we do Mole-hils. 
fpoiling their grounds, as Mole-hils are hurtfull vnto our foile ,thefe hang neither ftalks, leaues, 
fibres nor ftrings annexed or faftened vnto them,and for the moft part are of a reddith colour, but 


within ofawhitith yellow : the Grecians haue called this tuberous excrefcehce, Idva, and the La- 
tines Vxbera : i 


eer 
Fuffe bais. 


ds do callthem Turmas de tierra: in Englith wee may callthem Spanifh 


q, Phe Place, 
Mufhrums come vp about the roots of trees,in grafic places of medowes, and Ley Land newly 


turned 


' Py 
cence 


Lin. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 158 


Fungus fatiginoefas. Fungus V irilis Penis effigie. 
Hony-comb’d Mufhrome. Pricke Mufhrom. 


Tubera terra. 


Fuffe-balls,or Puckfifts, 


turned ; inwoods'alfo where the ground is fandy,but yet dankifh :they grow likewife our of wood, 
forth of the rotten bodics of trees, but they are vnprofitable and nothing worth. Poifonfome Mu- 
throms,as Diofcorides faichjeroweth where old rufty iron lieth or rotten clouts,or neere to ferpents 
dens,or roots of trees that bring forth venomous fruit. Diuers efteeme thofe forthe belt which 
grow in medowes, and vpon mountaines and hilly places, as Horace faith; (76. fér.2. fatyr.4. 
———— pratén|ibus optima fing is 
Natura cft, alds male creditur. 
The medow Mufhroms are in kinde the belt, 
Ic is ill rrufting any ofthe ref. 


aa ~ Oftthe Hiftorie of Plants. Lieigh 


q The Time, 

Diuers come vp in Aprill,and Jaft not till May, for they flourith but while Aprill continues: 
/ later, about Auguét , yet all of them after raine, and therefore they are found one yere 
another later. Mufhroms,faith P/izy grow in fhoures of raine : they come of the flime 
sas the fame Author affirmeth. : 


: 
' others ¢ 
of tre 


n 


G The Names. 
recalled in Latine, Fangi : in Greeke, pew: in Italian, Fonghi : in Spanith,Hungos Cy. 
gumenns » in French, Campinion, which word the low-Countrey men alfo vfe,and call them Came 
‘pernocllens in high- Dutch, Schioemme, 42 fifferling : in Englith, Muthroms,Toad-ftooles,and 
Paddock-ftooles. 

The Muthroms that come vp in April] are called in Latine of fome, Spongiole : of the Italians, 
Prignoli : and in high-Dutch, $pogehel, 

They that are ofa light red are called of {ome Boleti,among the later ones which rife and fall a- 
way in feuendayes. Thewhite, orthofe which be fomewhat yellow, are’called in Latine, Suili - 
which the later Phy fitions name Porcini, or Swine Mufhroms. Suilli, faith Pliny, are dried, being 
hanged vpon rufhes,which are thruft through them. The dry ones are in our age alfoeaten in Bo. 
hemia and Auftria : they that grow by the roots of Poplar trees are called of the Latines, Populnes, 
Poplar Mufhroms. 

Puffes-fifts are commonly called in Latine, Lupi crepitus,or Wolfes fifts :in Italian, Vefcie de 
Lupo: in nglith, Puffes-fifts,and Fuffe-balls in the North. Pliny nameth them Pezice,as though 
he fhould fay, flat. 

Tree Muthroms becalled in Greeke, pues : in Latine, Fungi arbornm, and Fungi arborei : in Ene 
glifh, tree Mufhroms, or Touch-wood : in high-Dutch alfo Schwemme, They are all thought 
tobe poifonfome, being inwardly taken. Nécander writeth, that the Mufhtoms of the Oliuc tree, 
the Ilex tree,and of the Oke tree bring death, 


é a The Temperature and V ertues. 
} A Galen affirmes, that they are all very cold and moift, and therefore do approch vnto a venomous 
and murthering facultie,and ingender a clammy, pituitous,and cold nutriment if they be eaten, 

To conclude, tew of them are good to be eaten, and moft of them do fuffocateand ftrangle the ea- 
; tia ter. Therefore I give my aduice vnto thofe that loue fuch ftrange and new fangled meates, to be. 
: | ware of licking honey among thornes,left the fweetneffe ofthe one do not counteruaile,the fharp- 

; ‘ \ neffe and pricking of the other. 

ih B_ Fuffe-balls are noway eaten: the pouderofthem doth dry without biting : it is fitly applied to 

: ‘ metigal]s, kibed heeles, and fuch like. 

C _Indiuers parts of England where people dwell farre ftom neighbours, they carry them kindled 

with fire, which lafteth long :whereupon they were called Lucernarum Fungi. 

The duft or pouder hereof is very dangerous for the eyes, for it hath been often feen.that diners 
haue been pore-blinde cuer after, when {ome fmall quantitie thereof hath been blowne into their 
eyes. 

E _ Thecountrey people dovfeto killor {mother Bees with thefe Fuffe-balls, being fer on fire, for 
thewhich purpofe it fitly ferueth. 
F + The fungous excrefcence of the Elder, commonly called a Iewes eare, is much vfed againft 
4 the inflammations and all other foreneffes of the throat, being boiled in milke, fteeped in beere, 
vineger,or any other conuenient liquor. ‘+ : 


Re oA, sos. 


4 Of great Tooth-wort, or (lownes Lung-wort. 
Ai | 
i} : | 
i } i | The Defiription. 
ye | u 1 "}*Here is often found among the Muthroms a certaine kinde of excrefcence confifting of 
ee id \l i 4 ajelly or foft fubftance,like that of the Mushroms,and therefore it may the more fitly 
R ee y be here tnferted : it rifeth forth of the ground jn forme like vnto Orebanche,or the Broome-Rape, 
; 4 and allo in {ub ance, hauing a tender, thicke, tuberous, or mif-fhapen body, confifting as it were 
1 cu of {cales like te cof it tooke his name) ofa dufty fhining colour tending topurple. The 


Prey tt ' ftalke rifeth vp in the middle, garnithed with little gaping hollow floures like thofe of Satyrion ; 
: Hy on the outfide of ag ouerworne whitifh colour : the whole plant refembleth a tude forme of that 


NM jelly, 


Lip. 3. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1585 


ictal aii ca aaa ania i eae es a Se ra 
gellie, or flimie matter, found in the fields, which we eall the falling of ftars :the rooris fmalland 
tender. C 
2 There isalfoanother fort hereof found, not differing from the precedent: the chiefe diffe: 
rence confifteth in that, that this plant is altogether leffer ; and hath a root diuerfly diuarica4 
ted likeCorall,white of colour, full of juice, and without any fibres annexed thereto ¢ ; in othes 
tefpects like. 


1 Dentaria maior Mathioli. 2 Dentaria miner, 
Great Toothwoort, or Lungwoort; Little Lungweort, 


Sitheea SOYPROAAA DN Use 


F @ The Place, 

Thefe plants do grow at the bottome of Elme trees, and fuch like, in thadowie places : I fawnd 
it growing ina lane called Eaft-lane, vpan the right hand as ye go from Maidftone in Kent ynta 
Cockes Heath,halfe a mile from the towne ; and in other places thereabout : it doth alfo grow in 
the fields about Croidon,efpecially about a place called Groutes, being the land of a wor(hipfull 
Gentleman called M*. Garth : and alfo in a wood in Kent neere Crayfoor,called Rowe,or Rough- 
hill: ic groweth likewife neere Harwood in Lancathire, a mile from Whanley, in a wood called 
‘Talbot banke. : 

GQ The Time, 
They flourifh in May and Iune. \ 
@ The Names, 
There is notany other name extant, more than is fet forth in the defcription, 
q| The Temperature and Vertues. 

There is nothing extant of the faculties hereof, either of the ancient or Jater writers : neither 
haue we any thing of our owne experience ; onely ourcountrie women do call it Lungwoort,and 
do vie itagainft the cough,and all other imperfections of the lungs : but what benefit they reape 
thereby I know nor ; neither can any of iudgement give me further inftruGion thereaf, 


Cuar. 166, Of Saunders. 


q The Kindes, 


°)" Heancient Greckes haue net knowne the forts of Saunders : Garcigs and others deferibe three} 
“ (Albam, Rubrum, ana Pallidww: : which in fhops is called Citrizure, P 


: 
| 


ow 


Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lys. 3. 


q The Defcription. 


I ~ He Saunders tree groweth to the bignefle of the Walnut-tree, garnifhed with many 
T goodly branches ; whereon are fet leaues like thofe of the Lentiske tree, alwaies 
greene,among which come forth very faire floures,of a blew colour tending to black- 

neffe after commeth the fruit ofthe bignefle ofa Cherry, greene at the firft, and blacke when it 
is ripe; without tafte, and ready to fall downe with cuery little blaft of winde : the vimber or wood 


is of a white colour, and a very pleafant {mell. : 

2 There islikewife another which groweth very great, the foures and fruit agree: with the 
other ofhis kinde : the wood is of a yellowith colour, wherein Confifteth the difference. 

4 2  Thethird fort which wee call Red-Saunders isa very hard and follid wood, hauing Jit- 
tle or no {mell, the colour thereofis very red, it groweth not in thofe places where the other grow, 
neither is the forme of the tree defcribed by any that I know of, iris frequently vfed to colour 


fauces, and for fuch like vfes. ¢ 


q The Place. 


Thewhite and yellow Saunders grow naturally, and that in great aboundance, in an Ifland 
called Timor, and alfoin the Eaft-Indies beyond the riuer Sanges or rather Ganges, which the 
s call Hanga,and alfo about Iaua, where it is of better odour thanany that groweth elfe- 


India 
where. 

The red Saunders growes within the riuer Ganges,efpecially about Tanafarim,and in the mar- 
rifh grounds about Charamandell : auscen, Serapio, and moft of the Mauritanians call it by a 
corrupt name, Sarda! : in Timor, Malaca, and in places neere adioyning, Chandama:in Decan and 
Guzarate, Sercanda : in Latine, Sandalum and Santalum,adding thereta fot the colour album, flaium, 
or Citrinum, and rubrum, that is,white, yellow,and red Saunders. 

q The Time. 

Thefe trees which are the white and yellow Saunders grow greene Winter and Sommer, and 
are notone knowne from another, but by the Indians themfelues, who haue taken very certaine 
notes and markes of them,becaufe they may the more fpeedily diftinguifh them when the Mart 


commeth. 


mH 


q The Names. 
Their names haue been fufficiently fpoken of in their defcriptions. 
a Ther emperature. 

+ Yellow and white Saunders are hotin the third degree, anddry in the fecond, The reddeé 

Saunders are not fo hot, + : 
q The Vertues. 

The Indians dovfe the decoction made inwater, againft hot burning apues, and the ouermuch 
flowing of the menfes, Evifipelas, the gout,and all inflammations,efpecially ifit be mixed with the 
juice of Nightfhade, Houfleexe, or Purflane. 

The white Saunders mixed with Rofe water, and the temples bathed’ therewith, ceafeth the 
paine of the megrim, and keepeth backe the flowing of humours to the cies. 

eAuicen affirmeth it to be good for all paffions of the hart, and maketh it glad and merry, and 
therefore good tobe put in collifes, iellies, and all delicate meates which are made to ftrengthen 
and reuiue the fpirits. 

+ Red Saunders haue an aftriGtiue and firéngthning facultie, butare not cordiall as the other 
two, they are vfed'in diuers medicines and meatesboth for their facultie and pleafing red colour 
which they gine to them. + 


> 


eee are é. Se en 


Cuar.17o, Of Stony wood, or wood made Stones. 


qT he Defcription, 


Mong the wonders « 
reafon and canacitie. 


id. matter of ftones. But we know thatthe workes of God are 
wonderfull, 


Lis. Of theHliftory of Plans. 587 _ 


wonderfull, ifwe doe but narrowly fearch the 
leaft of them, whichwe dayly behold; much , 
more ifwe turne our eyes vpon thofe that are 
feldome feene, and knowne burof a few , and 
thacof fachas haue painfully trauelled in the 
fecrets of Nature. This ftrange alteration of 
nature is to be feene in fundty parts of Eng+ 
land & Wales, through the qualitics of fome 
waters and earth,which change fuch things in- 
to ftone as do fall therein, or which are of pur- 
pofe for triall put intothem, In the North 
part of England there is a Well neere vnto 
Knaesborough, which will change any thing 
into ftone, whether it be wood, timber, leaues 
of trees, mofle, leather gloucs, or fuch like. 
There be diuers places in Bed fordfhire, War- 

jr wickfhire, and Wales, where there is ground 
of that qualitic, that ifa ftake be driven into it, that part of the {take which is within the ground 
willbe a frmeand hard ftone, and all thatwhich is aboue the ground retaineth his former fub- 
ftanceand nature. Alfo my felfe being at Rougby (about fuch timeas our fantafticke people did 
with great concourfe and multitudes repaiteand run headlong vato the facted Wells of Newzam 
Regis, in the edge of Warwickthire, as vato the water of life,which could cureall difeafes) I went 
from thence ynto thefe Wells, where I found growing ouer the fame a faire Afh tree, whofe 
boughes did hang ouer the {pring of water, whercof fome that were {eare and rotten,and fome that 
of purpofe were broken off, fell into the water, and were all turned into ftones. Of thefe boughes 
or parts of the tree 1 brought into London, which when I had broken in pieces, therein might be 
feene, that the pith and all the reftwas turned into ftones ; yea many buds and flourings of the tree 
falling into the faid water, were alfo turned into hard ftones, ftill retaining the fame fhape and fa- 
fhion that they were of before they were inthe water. I doubrnot bur if this water were proved. 
about the hardning of fome Confections Phyficall, for the preferuation of them, or other {pectal 
ends, itwould offer greater occafion of admiration for the health and benefit of mankinde, than 
it doth about fuch things as already hauebeen experimented, tending tovery little purpofe. 


Lignuim Lapideum, fine in Lapides conwer{iim. 
Stonie wood, or wood made ftones. 


Cuar. 171, 
Of the Goofe tree, Barnacle tree, or the tree bearing Geefe. 


Britannica Conche anatifera. 
The breed of Barnacles. 


q thé 


@ The D efcription, 


and mountaines, euen vnto Libanus it fe 
are arriued at the end of our Hiftorie 3th 
fame, to end with one of the maruells of this la 
of to fet forth according to the w 
peculiar volume, but alfoa deeper fearch in 
fuffer me towade into, my fufficiencie a 
ent men, learned in the fecrets of nature,to be 
{pace take it as it falleth out, the naked and bare truth 
North parts of Scotland and the Iflands adiacent,ca 
certaine fhells of a white colour tending to ruffe 
which fhells in time ofmaturitie do open 
falling into the water do become fowles 
Geefe ; and in Lancashire, tree Geefe: 
nothing. Thus much by the writings 
which may very w 


orthineffe and rar: 


vato fome excel! 


in Lancathire called the Pile of Foul 
fhips, fome whereof haue beenc 
branches ofold and 
that intime breedeth vine 
and ofa whitith colour : wherein is contained 
itwere together, ofa whitish colour,one end y 
the fith of Oifters and Muskles 
hich in time commeth to th 
thell gapeth open, and the firft thing 
legs of the bird hanging out,and as it 
itis all come forth, and hangeth onely 
tie, and falleth into the fea, where it gath 
lard, and leffer than a Goofe, haning b] 
{potted in fuch manner as is o 
Lancafhire call by no other name th 
ioyning do fo much abound therewi 
hereof, ifany doubt, may it pleaf 
monie of good witneffes. 
Moreouer, it fhould feeme that there is another fort hereof 
mine owne knowledge : for trauel] 
I found the trunke ofan old rorten tree, which 
fhermens wiues that were there 
water vpon dry land : ypon this rot 
ders, in fhape like vnt 
fhining ; at thenetherend whe 
but much w! 


rotten trees, caft vp there likewife 
Ocertaine fhels, in fhape lik 


ereth feathers, 


‘¢ them to repaire vnto me 


ing vpon the fhore of our En 


fafhioned fomewhat likea fmall Muskle 
| fith that groweth vpon the rockes about Garnfey and Garfey, 
Ils [brought with me to London, which after I had opened J 
ithout forme or fhape ; in others which were neeret come toripenes 
re very naked, in fhape like a Bird: in others, the Birds couered with 
pen, and the Bird ready to fall out,which nodoubt were the Fowles 
cumftance of the firft part of this hiftory, 
aforefaid, butwill leaue it toa further confideration, 
eyes, and handled with mine hands, I dare confident- 
. Now if any will obie, thar this treewhich I faw 
fore mentioned which either by thewaues of the fea or fomeviolent wind 
atany trees falling into thofe feas about the 
by reafon of thofe feas and waters, thefe being 
ikely to be true, [ may notwithout preiudice gainefay,or indeauour 


y atiouch euery cir 


ly auouch, ar 
mightbe one of thofeb 
had been overturned, 
nades, will of tl 
bableconie@u 


3 many other trees are ; orth 
clues beare the like fowles, 


The Barnak! 


Of the Hifterie of Plants. L 1x.3. 


Auing trauelled from the Gra fles growing inthe bottome of the fenny waters, the W. oods, 
Ife sand alfo the fea, and‘ bowels of the fame, wee 
inking it not impertinent to the conclufion of the : 
nd (we may fay of the world.) The hiftoric where. 
étic thereof, would not Only require a large and 
to the bowels of nature, than my intended purpofewil 
fo confidered ; leauing the hiftoric thereofrough hewen 
both fined and refined : in the mean 
» though vnpalifhed. There are found in the 
lled Orchades, certain trees whereon do grow 
t, wherein are contained little living creatures - 
, and out of them grow thofe little lining things, which 
,which we call Barnakles , in the North of England,brant 
but the other that do fall vpon the land perith and come ta 
of others,and alfo from the months of people ofthafe parts 
ell accord with truth, ‘ 
But what oureyes haue feene, and hands haue touched we thall declare. There is a final! Ifland 
ders, wherein are found the broken pieces of old and bruifed 
aft thither by thipwracke, and alfo the trunks and bodies with the 
; whercon is found a certaine {pume or frorh 
ethofe of the Muskle, but tharper pointed, 
a thing in forme like a lace of filke finely wouen as 
vhereof is faftned vnto the infide af the fhell,cuen as 
are : theother end is made faft v 
¢ fhape and forme of a Bird 
lat appeareth is the forefaid lace or firing ; next come thc 
groweth greater it openeth the hell by degtees,til at lengthy 
the bill : in thort fpace after it commeth to full maturi- 
and groweth toa fowle bigger thana Mal. 
acke legs and bill or beake, and feathers blacke and white, 
ie, called in fome places a Pie-Annet,which the people of 
ana tree Goofe: which placeaforefaid,and all thofe parts ad- 
th,that one of thebeft is bought for three pence. For the truth 
,and I fhall fatisfie them by the tefti- 


nto the belly of a rude maffe or 
:when it is perfeGly formed the 


the hiftorie of which is true,and of 
glith coaft betweene Douer and 
(with fome helpe that I procured by Fi. 
attending their husbands returne 
ten tree I found growing 
o puddings new] 


from the fea) we drew out of the 


many thoufands of long crim{on blad- 
y filled, before they be fo 
reof did grow a thell fifth, 
uter, refembling a thel 
called a Lympit: many of thefe the 
foundin them living things w 
I found lining things that we 
foft downe, the thell halfeo 
ikles. I dare norabfolutel 
“concerning the tree that beareth thofe buds 
howbeit that which I haue feenewith mine 
d boldly put downe for veritie 


dden, which were very cleere and 


3 


my Author here fets downe, and divers others haue 


Ifo 


a 


"Disk Ofthe Hiftory of Plants, 389 


alfo deliueted, were found by fome Hollanders tohaue another originall, and that by egges, as 
other Birds haue : for they in their third voyage to finde out the North-Eaft paflage to China,and 
the Molucco’s, about the eightieth degree and cleuen minutes of Northerly latitude, found two 
lirtle Iflands, in the one of which they found aboundance of thefe Geefe fitting vpon their egges, 
of which they got one Goofe, and tooke away fixtyegges, &c. Vide Pontani,nerum cy vrb, Amfte~ 
lodam. Hift Lib.2.cop.22, Now the hells out of which thefe birds were thought to fly, area kinde 
of Balanus marinws ,and thus Fabius Columna, inthe end ofhis Phytobafanos, writing piftinm aliquot 
hiftoria,iudicioufly proues: to whofe opinion I wholly fubferibe,and to it Irefer the Curious. His 
affeueration is this : Conchas vulzo CAnatiferas, non effe fructus terrefires, neque ex 9s Anates oriri fed 
Balani marina [peciem. \ could haue {aid {omthing more hercof,but thus much I thinke may ferue, 
together with thatwhich Fabias Colwmua bath written vpon this point, ¢ 
a) The Place. i 

The borders and rorten plankes whercon are found thefe fhels wherein is bred the Barnakle, are 
taken vp ina fall Ifland adioyning to. Lancafhire; halfe a mile from the maine land, called the 
Pile of Foulders. 


@| The Time. 
They fpawne as it were in March and Aprill ; the Geefe are formed in May and Iune,and come 
to fulneffe of feathers inthe moneth after. . 
And thus having through Gods affiftance difcourfed fomewhat at large of Graffes, Herbes, 
Shrubs, Trees ,and Moffes, and cettaine Excrefcences of the earth, with other things 
moe, incident to the hiftorie thereof, we conclude and end our prefent 
Volume, with this wonder of England. For the which 
Gods name be euer honored and 
ptaifed, 


FINIS. 


esi 
ella 
x Eas 
i Hau 


1591 


AN APPENDIX OR ADDITION OF 


certaine Plants omitted in the former Hiftorie. 


The Preface. 


; Auing run through the Hiftorie of Plants gathered by M*. Gerrard, and much. enlarged the 
fame both by the addition of many Figures and hiftories of Plants not formerly contained 

~’ in tt,and by the amending and encreafing the hiftorie of fundry of thofe which before were 
therein treated of; I finde that I haue forgotten diuers which I intended to haue added in their fit- 
ting places : the occafion hereof hath beene,my many bufineffes, the troublefomeneffe,and a- 
boue all, the great expectation and haft of the Worke, whereby I was forced to performe this task 
within the compaffeofayeare. Now being conftant to my firft refolution, I here haue,as time 
would giue me leaue, and my memorie feruc, made a briefe collection and addition(though with- 
out method) of fuch as offered them{elues vnto me ; and without doubr there are fundrie others 
which are as fitting tobe added as thofe ; and I fhould not haue been wanting, if time would haue 
permitted me to hauc entred into furtherconfiderationofthem. Inthe meane time take in good 
part thofe that I haue here prefented to your view. 


Cuar.s. Of theeMaracoc or Pafion-floure. 


@ The Defcription. 


fruit fomewhat refembles a Pomegranat,which in their tongue they term Gra- 
nadas, isthe {ame which the Virginians call Ataracoc. The Spanith Friers for 
fome imaginarie refemblances in the floure,firft called it Flos Paffonis,the Pat- 
fion floure,and ina counterfeit figure, by adding what was wanting,they made 

(fe it as itwere an Epitome of our Sauiours Paffion: thus fuperftitious perfons 
(ex > [emper fbi [omnium fingunt. Bauhine defirous to refer it to fome ftock or kindred 
of formerly knowne plants, giues it the name of Clematis trifolia : yet the floures and fruit pro- 
nounccit not properly belonging to their Tribe; but Clematis being a certaine genericke name to 
all wooddy winding plants, this as a {pecies may come vnder the denomination, though little in 
other refpets participating withthem. The roots of this are long, fomewhat like, yet thicker 
than thofe of Sar/a parillz, ranning vp and downe,and putting vp their heads in feuerall places:from 
thefe roots rife vp many long winding round ftalkes, which grow two, three, foure, or more yards 
high, according to the heate and feafonableneffe of the yeare and foile whereas they, are planted ; 
vpon thefe ftalkes grow many leaues diuided into three parts, fharpe pointed, and {niptabout the 
edges : commonly out of the bofomes ofeach of the vppermoft leaues there growetha cla{ping 
tendrell and a floure : the floure growes vpon a little foor-f{talke fome two inches long, and is of a 
longith cornered forme, with fiue little crooked hornes at the top, before fuch time as it open it 
felfe , but opened, this longith head diuides it felfe into ten parts, and fuftaines the leaues of the 
ftoure,which are very many, long, fharpe pointed, natrow, and orderly {pred open one by another, 
fome lying ftraight, others crooked : thefe leaues are of colour whitifh, but thicke {potted witha 
Peach colour, and towards the bottome it hath a ring of a perfe& Peach colour, and aboue and be- 
neath it a white circle, which giue a great grace to the floure ; in the middeft whereof rifes anvm- 
brane, which parts it felfe into foureor fine crooked fpotted hornes,with broadith heads: from 
S£LLEL 2 the 


| 
f 
; 
: 


— 


eee 


1592 “An Appendix to 


the midft of thefe rifes another roundith head which carries three nailes or hornes, biggeft aboue, 


and fmalleft at their lower end : this floure with vs is neuer fueceeded by any fruit,but inthe Welt 
Indies, whereas it naturally growes, it beares a fruit,when it is ripe of the bigneffe and colour of 
Pomegranats, but it wants fuch a ring or crown about the top as they haue 5 the rinde alfo is much 
thinner and renderer, the pulpe is whitifh, and without tafte, but the liquor is fomwhat tart : they 
open them as they do egges, and the liquor is fupped off with great delight, both by the Indians 
and Spaniards, (as Monardus witnefleth) neither if they fup off many of them fhall they find their 
ftomack oppreft,but rather their bellies are gently loofned.In this fruitare contained many feeds 
fomwhat like Peare kernells, but more cornered and rough. 


Clematis trifolia, fine Flos Pafsionis, 
The Maracoc or Paffion-floure. 


This growes wilde in moft of the hot countries of America, from whence it hath been brought 
into our Englith gardens, where it growes very well,but floures only in fome few places,and in hor 
and feafonable yeares : it is in good plenty growing with Miftreffe Tugey at Weftminfter, where I 
haue fome yeares feene it beare a great many floures. 


ne, 


Cuar. 2. Of Ribes orred (Currans. 


| The Defcription, 
t which carries the fruitwhich we commonly terme red C urrans, isa fhrubbie 


‘4 “ric pl 
I buth of the bigneffe ofa Goofeberry buth,but without prickles : the wood is foft and 


white, witha pretty large pith in the middle : it is couered with a double barke, the vndermoft,be- 
ing the thicker, is greene, and the vppermoft,which fometimes chaps and pills off,is of a brownith 


U 


' 
colour, 


eee 


the Hiftory of Plants. 1593 


colour,and {mooth: the barke of the yongef fhoots is whitifh and rough : rhe leauesywhich grow 
vpon footttalkes {ome two inches long are fomewhat like Vine leaues, buc faialler by much, and 
leffe cornered, being cut into three, and fometimes,but feldomer,into fiue parts, fomwhat thicke, 
with many veines tunning ouer thein, greener aboue than they are below : out of the branches in 
Spring time grow ftatkes hanging dowue fome fix inches in lengch,catrying many little greenifh 

floures, which are fucceeded by little red berries, cleate and {mooth,of the bigneffe of the Whor- 

tle berrics, of a pleafant tart tafte, Of this kinde there is another, onely different from this in the 

fruit,which is twice fo big as that of the common kind. 

42 The buth which beares the white Currans iscommonly ftraightet and bigger than the for- 

mer : the leaucs are leffer, the floures whiter, and fo alfo is the fruit, being cleare and tranfparent, 

with a little blackith rough end. 


1 Ribes vulgaris fructy rubro. 2 Ribes fructu albo, 
anita Red Currans. VV hite Currans. 
(Nk Ly NAAN; 
awh 


7. y »» 


d 
H 

B 
B 
Gg 


SY 


} 


3 Befides thefe there is another, which differs little from the former in (hape,yet grows font 
avhat higher,and hath leffer leaues : the floures are of a purplith green colour, and are fucceeded by 
fruit as big againeas the ordinary red,but ofa ftinking and fomewhat loathing {auour: the leaues 
alfo are not without this ftinking {mell. 

@ The Place, Time, and Names. 

None of thefe grow wild with vs, but they are to be found plentifully growing in many gardens, 
‘efpecially the two former, the ted and the white. 

The ieaues and floures conic forth in the Spring, and the fruic is ripe about Midfommer. 

This plant is thought to have been vnknowne tothe antient Greekes : fome thinke it the Ribes 

‘of rhe Arabian Serapio + Fuchfius, Matthiolas, and fome other deny it; hotwithftanding Dodoneud 
affirmes it: neither is the controuerfie eafily to be decided, becaufe the Author is briefe in the de- 
{cription thereof, neither haue we his words butby the hand of a barbarous Tranflator, Howeuer 
the fhops of late time take it (the faculties confenting thereto) for the true Ribes, and of the fruie 
hereof prepare their Rob de Ribes. Dodoneus calls it Ribefium, eroffularia rubra,ey Groffularia tranf- 
marina, and they are diftinguifhed into three forts, Rubra, Alba, Nigra Ribefia, red white, and blacke 
Currans : the Germans call them &),Jobang traubell,or traublitt,and S,Jovang wWeerlin : the 
Datch, Belkin onev Zee s the Italians, “wetta roffa : the French, Groiffeles, Groifelles d’outre mer 
ihe Bohemians, Fahodi S, Jana s the Englith, Red Currans : yet mutt they notbe confounded 
S{f{fLl 3 with 


Se 


594 deel Appendix to 


with thofe Currans which are brought from Zant,and the continent adioyning therero,and which 


are vulgarly fold by our Grocers ; for they are the fruit ofa {mall Vine,anddiffer much from thefe. 
The Temperature and V ertues. : 

The berries of red Currans, as alo of the white,are cold and dry inthe end of the fecond degree, 
and haue fome aftriction, together with tenuitie of parts. 

They extinguith and mitigate feuerith heates, reprefle choler,temper the over-hot bloud,refitt 
putrefa ion, quench thirft, helpe the deietion of the appetite, ftay cholericke vomitings and 
feourings, and helpe the Dyfenterie proceeding ofan hot caufe, 

‘The iuice of thefe boiled to the height of honey, either with or without fugar (which is called 
Rob de Ribes ) hath the fame qualities, and conduces to the fame purpofés. 


Cuapr. 3, Of Parfley Breake-ftone, and baftard Rupturewort. 
1 Percepier Anglorim Lob, q The Defcription, 


Parfley Breake-ftone. ; 

Oeehant Dew oA ] Thought it was not alregether inconuenient to couple 

Peas thefe two Plants together in one Chapter; firft,becaufe 
they are of one ftature ; and fecondly,taken cut of one and the fame 
Hiftory of Plants, to wit, the Adwerfaria of Pena and Lobel. 

The firft of thefe, which the Authors of the Adverfaria fet forth 
by the name of Percepier, (and rather aflert, than affirme to be the 
Scandix of the Antients)is by Tabernamontanus called Scandix minor: 
and by Fabius Columna, A Ichimilla montana mimma ithath a {mall 
wooddy yellowifh fibrous root, from which rifevp one,two,or mote 
little ftalks, feldome exceeding the height ofan handfull,and thefe. 
are round and hairy, and vpon them grow little roundith leaues, like 
the tender Jeaues of Cheruill, but hairy,and of awhitith green co- 
lour, faftned to the ftalkes with fhort foor-flalkes,and hauing little 
cares at their fetting on : the floures are fmall, greene, and fiue cor- 
nered, many cluftering together at the fetting on of the leaves: the 

feed is fmall, fmooth, and yellowshh : the ftalks of this plant grow 

fometimes vpright, and otherwhiles they leanon the ground : ir is 
to be found vpon diuers dry and -barren grounds, as in Hide Parke, 
Tuthill fields, &c. It floures in May,and ripens the feed in Tune and 
Iuly. It feemes by the Authors of the Aduerfaria, that inthe Weft 
countrey about Briftow they call this Herbe Percepier ; but our 
herbe women in Cheapfide know it by the name of Parfley Breake- 
ftone. 

This is hot and dry, and of fubtil parts : it vehemently and {pee- 
ae moues vrine, and by fome is kept in pickle,and eatenasa fal- 
lad, 

Thediftilled water is alfo commended tobe effeAuall ta moue 
vrine, and clenfe the kidnies of grauell. 

; 2 The hiftorie of this, by the forementioned Authors, Adver/: 
pag. 404. 1s thus fet forth vnder this title, Polygonium Herniarie folijs & facie, peramplaradice Aftra. 
galitidi : Neither (fay they) ought this tobe defpifed by fuch as are ftudious of the knowledge of 
Plants ; for it is very little knowne, being a very fmal! herbe lying along vpon the ground, and al. 
moft oucrwhelmed or couered with thegraffe, haning little branches very full of ioints : the little 
Jeaues and feeds are whitith,and very like thofe of Herniaria or Rupture-wort: the whole plant is 
white, hauing a very {mall and moffie floure : the root is Jarger than the fmalneffe of the plant fee- 
meth: to require, hard, branched, diuerfly turning and winding,and therefore hard tobe plucked 
vp: the tafte is dry and hottifh. It growes vpona large Plaine in Prouince, betwecne the cities 
Arles and Selon.’ Thus much Penaand Lebel. Lam deceined, iffome few yeares agone I was nor 
fhewed this plant, gathered in fome part of this kingdome, but where, I am notable to affirme, 


2 Polygon Herniaria facie. 
Baftard Rupture-wort. 


Crap. 


the Hiftory of Plants. i505 


Cuan. 4. Of Heath Spurge and Rocke Roje 


The Defcription. 


I Hefe Plants by right fhould haue followed the hiftorie of T/ymelea, for in tha d 
facultie they are not much vnlike it. The firft is a low fhrub, fending from casei a 
E ny branches of fome cubit long,and thefe bending, flexibleand couered with sates 
blackith barke,which comprehends another within, tough , and which may be divided i rote 
threds: the leaues are like thofe of Charmalea,yet leffer,fhorter and thicker,a little rough alfo, ‘ad 
growing about the branches ina certaine order: if you chew them they are gummie, bitterat ee 
firft,and afterwards hot and biting :the floures grow among ft the leaues longith eliowith, nd d ‘ 
uided at the end into foure little leaues : the fruit is faid to be like that of Thymlea butofa bl Ps 
kith colour,the root is thicke and wooddie.It growes frequently inthe kingdome of Piacdo ‘a 
Valentia in Spaine,it foures in Marchand Aprill. The Herbarifts there terme it Sanamund, and 
the common people, Mierda-cruz,by reafon of the purging facultic, wy idee 


1 Sanamundar.Cluf. 2 Sanamunda 
2.Cluf. 
Heath Spurge. The fecond Heath Spurge. 


2 The otherisa flirub fome cubic high,hauing rough flexible branches couered with adenfe 
and thick barke,which,the outward tinde being taken away,oucr all the plant,but chiefely next the 
root,may be drawn into threds like Plax or Hemp : the vpper branches are fet with thick, fhort, far, 
rough fhatp pointed leaues,of fomwhat a faltith tafe atthe firft,afterwards ofa hot & biting tafte: 
the floures are many, little and yellow:the root is thicke and wooddie like as that of the former:this 

rowes vpon the fea coaft of S pairieandon the mountaines nigh Granado,where they call it Sana- 
zsundaand the common people about G ibraltar call it Burhalaga,and they only vfe it to heat their 
ouenswith.It floures in Februarie. Angwillara called»this,Zmperron: Cafalpinus, Cucoron, and in the 
Hiftoria Lugd.it isthe Cacoron nigrum Myconi: Sefamoides minus < Dalechampy,and Phacoides, Oriba- 


fy quibufdam. 
44 3 This 


—— 


See 


»fAn Appendixte 


3 Thisis bigger than either of the two former, hauing whiter and more flexible branches, 
whofe barke isvnmeafurably tough and hard to breake : the vpper branches are many, and thofe ve- 
ry downie,and hanging downe their heads, fer thicke with little leaues like Stone-crop, and of the 
like hot or burning facultie : the floures are like thofe of the former ; fometimes greenith , other- 
whiles yellow : Céufiws did not obferue the fruit, but faith, ir floured at the fame time with the for- 
mer,and grew in all the fea coaft,from the Straits of Gibralter,to the Pyrenzan mountaines, U4/- 
fonfus Pantins called this Cneorow : Lobel and Tabernamontanus callit Erica Alexandrina. 


3 Sanamunda 3.Cluf. 4 Cneoron Matthioli, 
The third Heath Spurge. Rocke Rofe. 


Parnas hosubar eal lemon a 


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4  Thisalfo may not vnfitly bee ioined to the former, for it hath many tender flexible tough 
branches commonly leaning or lying along vpon the ground,vponwhich without order grow leaves 
greeene,skinny,and like thofe of the true TAymelea,at firft ofan vngratefull,and afterwards ofa bit- 
ter tafte,yet hauing none orvery little acrimony (as far as may be perceiued by their tafte: ) the 
floures grow vpon the tops of the branches fix feuen or more together, confifting of foure little 
leaues of a reddifh purple colour,very beautifull and well {melling,yet offending the head if they 
be long {melt ynto : thefe are fucceeded by {mall berries,of colour white, containing a round feed, 
couered with an ath coloured skin. The root is long, of the thickeneffe of ones little finger, fome- 
times blackith,yet moft commonly yellowifh,tough,and fmalleft atthe tep where the branches 
come forth. It floures in Aprilland May, and ripens the fruit in Tune: it flores fometimes thrice 
in the yeare,and ripens the fruit wife, for Clufins affirmes that twife in one yeare he gathered ripe 
berries from one and the fame plant. It growes plentifully vpon the mountainous places of Auftria 
about Vienna; whither the countrey women bring the floures to the market in great plenty to fell 
them to deck vp houfes : it grows alfo in the dry medowes by Frankford on the Mcenewhere there 
is obferued avariety with white floures.aatthiolus would haue this tobe the Cneoron album of Theo- 

phraftus » Cordus calls it Thym clea minor vit is the Cueoron alterum Matthioliyand Oleander (yl. Auicenie 
Myconi,in the Hift. Lugd. The Germans call it Stein Rofelin sand wee may call it Rocke Rofe, or 
dwarfe Oleander. 

5 This plantby Bauhine is called Cncorum album folio olee argenteo molli : and by Dalechampixs, 
Cxcoram album which hath been thereafon I haue put it heresalthough Ce/alpinus,Imperatus,and Pla- 

teah, 


the Hiftory ot Plants. 1597 


5 Cacorum album folys argentels. 
White Rocke Rofe, 


r)] 
Compt ud Cresurmn 


Chamabuxus flore Colutee. 
Baftard dwarfe box. 


sh. 


I \W 
M/A 
a —> 


4 

AN 
So 
Pz 
PD SSY os) 


tean;who fent it to Glufius, would haueittro 
beand cal it Dorycnium:Itis affrubby herb 
fending fromene root many fingle ftalkes 
fome halfe cubit or better high: the leaves 
which grow vpon the ftalkes without order, 
are like thofe of the Oliue, but fomewhat 
narrower, and couered ouer with a foft fil 
uer-like downineffe : at the top of the ftalks 
grow many floures cluftering together, of 
the fhape of thofe ofthe lefler Bindeweed, 
but white ofcolour, This groweswilde in 
fome parts of Sicily,whence Cefalpinus calls 
it Dorychnium ex Sicilia, 


@ The Temperature and Vertues, 


The three fisft are very hor, and two firft 
hauea {trong purging facultie,for taken in 
the weight of a dram with the deco@ion of 
Cicers they mightily purge by ftoole, both 
flegme,tholler, and alfo waterifh humours, 
and they are often vfed for-this purpofe by 
the Countrey people in fome parts of 
Spaine. 

The faculties of the reft are not knowne, 
norwritten of by any as yet, 


Cuar. 5. Of Baftard 
dwarfe Box. 


q The Defcription, 


T His which Clufius for want of a nanie 
calls Anonymos flore Colutee : Gefner cal- 
led Chamabuxus: towhich Baubine addes flo- 
re Colutea;and Befler in his hortus Eyftettenfis, 
agreeable to the name I haue given it in En- 
glith,calls it P/éudochamebuxus. Itis afmall] 
plant having many creping wooddy tough 
roots, here and there fending forth {mall f.- 
bers; from thefe arife many tough bending 
branches fome {pan long, hauing thicke 
fharpe pointed gteene leaues, almoft like 
thofe of Boxe, and thefe grow vpon the 
ftalks without any order, and when you firft 
chew them they are of an vngracefull tafte, 
afterwards bitter and hot ; at the tops of the 
branches, do come forth amongft the leaues 
three or foure longifh floures, for the moft 
part without fmell, yet in fome places they 
tmell fweet, like as {ome of the Narcifles 
they confift of three leaues apiece ; two 
whereof are white, and f{pread abroad as 
wings, a whitifh little hood couering their 
Jowerends : the third is wrapt vp in forme of 
a pipe, with theend hollow & crooked, and 

i this 


- 
5 


os 


sien ee 


Sa iE sie 


oe 


" 1598 . An Appendix to 


ee is of a yellow colour,which by age oft times becomes wholly red : after thofe floures fucceed 


; f colour, rough, 

dand flat, little leffe than thofe of rhe broad Jeaued 7. blafpijand greene of co! igh, 

“ane mee thefe cods are commonly contained a couple of feeds,of the bignes of little Chich- 

lings, ofa blackifh ath colour,rough, and refembling a little dug. sty 

This is fometimes found to vary,hauing the two winged leaues yellow or red, and the middle 
one yellow: ay The Pac eS 

floures in Aprill and May,and ripens the feed in lune ; it growes vpon moft of the Auftrian 

es vs Pi ea ind in diuers places of Hungarie.iIt is neither vfed in Phyficke, nor the facul - 

ties thereofin medicine knowne. 


Cuar. 6. Of Winged Bind weed,or Quamoclit 


Duamoclit ive Conuoluulus Pennatus. 
Winged Windeweed. 


@ The Defiription, 


epHe firtt that writof and defcribed this 
ge was Ce(alpinus, & that by thename 
Of Gelfiminum rubrqw altsrum : after him Ga- 

merarius gaue adefcription and figure therof 
in his Hortus Adedicus, by the name o! Quatrg- 
clit: andafterhim Fabiws Coluwua both figu- 
red and defcribed ir more accurately whofe 
defcription is put to the figure pf it (we here 
giue)in Cluf. his Cure pofteriores Ttis fo tender 
a plant that ir will not come ta any perfedcti- 
on with vs,vnleffe in ex traordinary hat yeres, 
and by other artificial! helps,wherefore I will 

borrow the defcriprion thereof out of Fabius 
Columna.This exoticke plant, fairh he,cannot 
more fitly be referred to any kinde, thanto 
the family of the Conveluuli, or Bindweeds, 
for in the nature andwhole habit ir js almoft 
likethem,excepting the tha pe of the winged 
leaues : it is ftored with lefle milk : the flours 
are long,hollow, but parted into fine at the 
top, of apleafing red colour, with ftreaked 
lines or folds, ftanding vponlong ftalkes one 
Or two together comming out of the bofomes 
ofthe Ieaues at each ioint of the branches,and 
they haue in them fiue yellowith pointalls ; 
then fucceeds a longith fruic fanding ina {ca- 
ly cup, ending in a tharp pointall, and co. 
uered with a tough skin,as that of the com- 

mon Convoluulus,but leffer, hauing within ic 
foure longith blacke hard feedes, of a biting 
tafte. The leaues grow alternately out of the ioints of the purple windings branches, being winged 


g 
and finely diuided,twifeas fmallas the common Rhefida, of a darke greene colour, but the young 
ones are yellowith,firtt haui ga few diuifions,but afterwards more,till they come to haue thirteen 
on fide,and one at the cof but the lower ones are ofttimes forked : by reafon of the great plenty 
ofleaues and flouring falks or branches,winding themfclues about artificiall hoops, croffings, or 
other fafhioned workes of Reeds,or the like, fet for winding herbs to clime vpOn, it much delights 

¢ and is therefore kept in pots in gardens of pleafure, The feed fowne inthe 
beginning of thie 1g growes vp in Tune, and the firft leaues refemble the winged fruit of the 
Maple; it floures in theend of Auguft,and ripens the feed in the end of September, 


the Hiftory of Plants. 1599 


Cuar. 7. Of the fenfitine Herbe. 


Herbamimofa. |] The Defiription. 


i tbe. 

She ieatences Tes which I here call the fenfitiue herbe, is 

f that which Chriffopher a Cofta fets forth 
by the name of Herba minofa, or the Mocking 
herbe,becaufe when one puts his hand thereto it 
forthwith feemes to wither and hang downethe 
Jeaues; but when you take ir away againe it re- 
couers the priftine greeneffe and vigor. I wil here 
Siue you thatwhich Acoffa writes thereof, & the 
figure & hiftoriewhich Clu/ius giues in his notes 
vpon him; and alfo another figure better expref. 
fing the leaues and manner of growing, There is 
found (faith Acofta) in fome Gardens afother 
plant fome fiue handfuls long, refting vpon the 
neighbouring fhrubs ot walls, hauing a’ {lender 
ftalke ofa freth greene colour, not very round, 
fet at certaine {paces with {mall and pricking 
thornes : the leaues are not vnlike the former, 
[Thatis, the Herba vine, which incondition is 
little different from this]being fomewhat leffer 
than thofe of the female Ferne. It loues to grow 
in moift and ftony places,and is called Herbami- 
mofa,for thereafon formerly giuen, The nature 
hereof is much different from that of Ardor tri- 
iis for euery night at Sun-fet it as itwere wi- 
thers and dries ,{o that one would thinke it were 
dead,but'at Sun-rife it recouers the former vigor, 
; Sop i and by how much the Sun growes hotter,by fo 
Esietuabeter cae f much it becomes the greener, and all the day it 
A perfeé figure thereof, turnes the leaues to the Sun. 
This plant hath the fell and tafe of Li- A 
quorice, and the leaues are commonly eaten 
by the Indians againft thecough, toclenfe the 
cheft,& cleare the voice:it is alfo thought good 
againit the paines of the kidneies, and to heale 
greene wounds. Thus much 4coffa. 

Now, faith Clufivs, the leaues of many plants} 
efpecially pulfes, vfe to contraétor ‘thrinke vp 
their leaues in the night time. Now I receiued a 
dry plant, whichwasfent tome by the name of 


Herba mimofa, by Tames Garret intheend of OGo- 
ber,1599,which he writ he had of the right Honourable the Earlé of Cumberland, who returnin 


rom Saint John de Pserto rico in the Wet Indies,broughtit putina pot with fome earth,but could 
a preferue it aliue.But I caufed the figure of that dried plant tobe expreffed as well as it might, 
fo.to fit it to the defeription followiag,made alfo by the dried plant. This plant which was wholly 
dric.and without leaues had a fingle root,and that not thick,but hard and wooddy, with few fibres, 
from whence arofe three or foure {hort ftalks,which ftraight diuided themfelues into flender bran- 
ches,which fpread themfelucs round about vpdn the ground, at each joint putting forth many Jong 
and {lender fibres, like as inthe branches of thecommon Woodbinde ,which lye vpon the ground: 
thefe branches werea cubit long,and fometimes more,tound,tough,with fome prickles,broader at 
their fetting on,as you may fee inthe common bramble, yet leffer, fewer, 8 leffe firme; thefe againe 
were diuided into other more flender branches fet with many little prickles,out of whofe ioints be- 
twixt two little leaues grew forth foot-ftalks,bedeckt with their little leaues,which were many, fet 
inorder,with other toanfwer to them on the other fide, but hauing no fingle leafeat the end: they 
were tender & green,not vnlike the little leaues of Acacia, & thefe (at their firft coniming out)coue. 
| with a thin whitith hairines,es I gathered by alittle branch retaining the foot-ftalke and leaues 
on(which he fent with the former) and it had alfo fome fibtes comming forth thereof. He alfo 
acded tothe former two little heads,which growing vpon the fame plant,he writ he receiuediofthe 
E  forementioned 


a et ascension emcee 


oe An Appendix to 


forementioned right Honorable Earle,with fome branches yetretaining the leaues, Thefe little 
heads confifted of many flender, natrow,and as it were prickly little leaues; among ft which lay hid 
round feeds,{mooth,blacke,and {omewhat fwoln in the middle: the floures I faw not,neither know 
I wheth were brought with the reft : but whether the leaues of this plant being green, & yer 
growing on the ground,do wither at the approch of ones hand,as Chriftopher A Coftawrites, and for 
that caufe impofes the name thereon, they beft know who haue feene the greene and yet growing 
plant : for the faculties you may haue recourfe to that which 4 Cofta hath fet downe. Thus much 
our of Clufim. 

Novemb.7.1632. [being with M'.fob Bef atthe Trinity houfe in Ratcliffe ; among other varie- 
ties,he fhewed me adry plant hereofwhich I heedfully obferued, and carefully opening out fome 
of the faireft leaues,which(as alfo the whole plant be fides) were carelefly dried,I found the leaues 
grew viua! r zen or more on a foor-ftalke,iuft as many on one fideas onthe other. & the 
were covered ouer with a little downihes, which ftanding out on their edges made them look as if 
they had bin fi pout the edges,which they were not: alfo I f at euery ioint two little hoo: 
ked ptickles, 8 not twolittle leauesof appendices at the fetting on of the foot-ftalks; but three or 
fare tittle ls as the rt anch, comming forth at the bofom of each foor- 

f, nat abouea {pan long, 1 then drew as perfe@a fi 

ese as 1 cou!'d the Jeaues to their fal 
erly extant, theone this of 

Lue which is 
ein his Prnax 
ns: but hedid 
thus far to agree,they 


1y¥ 1 


"ore 


herof, draw ! 
nefle,the which I here prefentj hall. There are two { 
/ufius which there giue you,and the other in the 18.b00 
out Of 4 Coftasand this feeems to be fo far diff 
faith, Clu tus notis fuis in Acoftam 7 
nor wel confider it, for if he had, he might haue founc 
both make the branches prickly & weak : the leaues many on one rib,one oppofite to another with. 
ouran odde one at the end : but Clufus figures'the leaues fo clofe together, that they feem but one 
leafe,and Acoffa makes them too far a funder,and both of them make them too fharp pointed 5 Clif 
made his be taken froma dried plant,and Acosta I iudg made his by the Ida thereof which he had 
in his memorie,and after this manner, ifiny iudgement fail 

expreftsbut of this enough,ifnot too much, 


le me not, are moftof the figures in him 
Crav. 8. Of the Staffe tree,and ener-greene Priuet, 
ABN ! 2 Phillyrea 1.Cluf, 
Clufius his 1.Mocke Priuer, 


of you wit 


dine v [am plane fi 
g 
; 


x Celaftrus The 
The 


the Hiftory of Plants. 16or 


G The Defcription. 


I He hiftory and figure of this tree are fet forth in Clufius his Cura pofler, and there it is 
afferted tobe the wrzsese, OF xiarer Of Theophraftus ; for by.diuers places in 7) heophraftus 
there collected, it is evident, that his Cela/tws was euer greene; grew vpon very high 

and cold mountaines, yet might be tran{planted into plaine and milder places, that it fonred CX 
ceeding late and could, not perfeé& the fruit by reafon of the nigh approch of winter, and chat it 
was fit for no other vfe butto make ftaues on for old men. oe 

Now this tree growes but to a fmall height, hauing a firme and hard body, diuiding it felfe at 

the top into fundry branches, which being yonge are conered with a greene barke, but waxing old 
witha brownifh one; it hath many leaues, growing alwaies one againft another, and thicke toge- 
ther, ofa deepe fhining greene aboue,and lighter vnderneath, keeping theirverdure both Winter 
and Sommer:they are of the bignefle of thofe of Alaternus, not {nipt about the edges, but onely a 
little nickt, when they are yet yong ; at the top of the rendere ft branches among the leaues, vpon 
footftalkes of fome inch long, grow fiue or fix little floures confifting commonly of fiue little 
leaues of a yellowifh greene colour, and thefe fhew themfelues in the end of Autumne, or the be- 
ginning of Winter, and alfo in the beginning of the Spring ; but if the Sommer be cold and moift 
it thewes the buds of the flonres in OGtober ; the fruit growes ona fhort ftalke and isa berry of 
the bigheffe ofthe Myrtle, firft green, then red,of the colour of that of Afbaravussand laftly blacke 
when it is withered : the ftone within the berry is little,and as itwere three cornered, conteining 
akernell couered witha yellow filme. Where this growes wilde I know not,but it was firft taken 
notice of inthe publike feted atthe Vniuerfitie of Leyden, from whence it was brought into 
ome few gardens of this Kingdome. 

ne The fir Phyllyriaof Clifiue, may fitly be refer'd tothe reft of the fame tribe and name de- 
feribed formerly in the 59. chapter of the the third booke, It growes fomewhat taller than rhe 
Scarlet Oke, and hath branches of the thickneffe of ones thumbe or fomewhat mote, and thofé 
couered witha greene batke marked with whitifh {pots ; the leaues fomewhat refemble thofe of 
the Scarlet Oke, but greater, greener,thicker,fomewhat paper about the edges, ofanaftringent 
tafte, but not vngratefull.. The floure thereof Clufius did not fee, the fruit is a little blacke berry, 
hanging downe out from the bofome of the leaues, and conteining a kernell or ftone therein. It 
growes wilde in many wilde places of Portugale, where they call it Azebo. : ; 

The temperature and vertues are refer'd to thofe fet downe in the formerly mentioned chapter, 


: “'Cuar. 9. Of Mocke-Willow. 


Speiraa Theophraftl, Cluf. 
Mog¢ke- Vv illow. wy @] The Defeription: 
Shirao sobre pols wo, 


His Willow leaued thrub, which Clyfiaé 
coniectures may be refer’d tothe Speiraa 
mentioned by Theophrajtis, lib. 1. cap. 23.hiffe 
plant. I haue named in Englifh, Macke-Wil- 
low, how fitly I know nor,but ifany willim- 
pofe a fitcername I thal! bewell pleafed there- 
with ; but tothe thing it felfe. It is a fhrub, 
(faith C/ufies) fome two cubits high, haning 
flender branches cr twigs couered ouer witha 
reddith barke, whereon grow many leaues 
without order, long, narrow, like thofe of the 
Willow, {niptabout the edges,of a light green 
aboue, and ofa blewith greene vnderneath, of 
a drying tafte conjoyned with fome bitternes, 
The tops of the branches for fome fingers 
length carry thicke {pikes of {mall floures clu- 
ftering together, and confifting of fiue leauies 
apiece, out of whofe middle come forth many 
little threds of a whitifh red or fleth colour, 
together with the floure, hauing no peculiar 
Tettce {fmell, 


———$— 


602 ae Appendix to 


agg pan eS Ee Oliue tree; thefe floures fading there fucceed {mall fiue 
fell, persis eee bil maturitie containe a {mall and yellowith dutty feed sit 
comered “ ahd fipbietherized ia chaehdot Auguft. Clifiws had this plant from Fredericke 
floures = mer to the Duke of Briga, and that from Brigain Silefia, andhe (as I faid) refers 
pe ger tea of Theophraftys, which he reckons amongft the {hrubs that carry fpike fathioned 
I we payx 


floures. at ; i vet kno 4 
This is not vfed in medicine, nor the Temperature and faculties thereofas yet knowsic 


Cuar.1o. Of the Strawberry-Bay. 


Adrachne Theophrafti, ' aida 
The Strawberry-Bay. | The Defcription, 


Th figure and hiftory of this were fent by 
Honoriws Bellws our of Candy to Clufius, 
from whom I haue it, It isthatwhich zbeo° 
phraflus calls A drachne or(as mok of the prin- 
ted bookes haue it) Andrachne,but the former 
feemes the righter,and is the better liked b 
Pliny, libs cap.22.Atthis day in Candy where 
it plentifully growes, it is called Cadracla It is 
rathera fhrub thang tree,delighting in tockie 
and mountanous places, and keeping greene 
VVinter and Sommer, bauing leaues fo like 
thofe of Bayes, that they are diftinguifhable 
only by the fmell, which thefe are deftirute of, 
The barke of the bole and ail the branches is fo 
fmooth, red and fhining, that they thew like 
branches of Corall, this batke crackes or 
breakes off in Sommer,and pills of in thinne 
fleakes, at which time it is neither red nor fhi- 
ning but ina meane betweene yellow and ath-* 
colour. It hath floures twice ing yeere like as 
the CArbutys,or Strawberry tree, and that fo 
like it, thar you can fearfe know. the one from 
the other; yet this differs from it in that it 
gtowes Onely in the mountaines, hath not the 
leaues jagged neither arough barke ; thewood. 
hereof is very hard, and fo brittle that it will 
not bend, and they vfe it toburne and to make 
whorles for their womens fpindles, Theophra. 
fiws reckons vp this tree amongft thefe which 
die not when their barkesare taxen off, and are 
alwaies greene,and retaine their leaues at their tops all winter long : which tobe fo Honoriss Bellus 
obferued. Bellonius alfo obferued this tree in many places of Syria. 
| The fruit in Temperature,as in fhape,is like that of the Stawberry-tree. 
i 


h ) - fee PTW ater rsera 


ly ay Cuar.it. Of the Cherry-Bay. 


#4 F | The Defiription, 


: 1} " i "He Cherry-bay is one of the cuergreemtrees : it rifes vp to an indifferent height, and is diuided 
Mi into fundry branches,couered ouer with a fivart green barke:that of the yonger fhoots is wholly 


grecne. 


the Hiftory of Plants. a 1603 


es alternately ingirt the branches, & they are long,fmooth,thick,green,and fhining» 
eer lightly about red adees :when the tree is growne to fome height, at the tops of the Brat 
ches among{t the leaues of the former yeares growth,vpona fptig of fome fingers isos it puts 
forth a great many little white floures, confifting of fiue leauesa piece, with many littlechiuesin — 
them: thefe floures quickly fall away,and the fruit that fucceeds them isa berry of an ovall fi gute, 
ofthe bignefle of a large Cherry or Damfon,and of the famecolour, andof a {weet and pleafant 


Lanrocerafi fruttus. 
ara bein anes in floure. The Cherry-bay with the fruit. 


OO 


tafte,with a ftone init like toa Cherry ftone. This floures in May,and ripens the fruit in Auguftot 
September: itwas firft (ent to Clufius from Conftantinople, and that by thename of 7: vabifon cur. 
mafi.1.Trape=untina dactylus,the Date of Trapefon; but it hath no affinitie with the Date, Dale. 
champius refers it to the fecond Lotus mentioned by Theophraftus bift, plant lib. 4.cap.4 but therewith 
it doth not agree.Clufius and moft fince,calit fitly Laurocerafus or Cerafns folio Laurino Ut isnow got 
into many of our choife Englifh gardens,where it is well refpeted for the beauty of the leaues and 
their lafting or continual! greeneneffe. 


The fruit hereof is good to be caten,butwhat phy ficall vertues the tree or leaues thereof haue,ic 
is not yet knowne. 


Cuar.i2. Of the Euer-greene Thorne. 
T His plant which Lobel and fome other late writers haue called by thename of Pyracantha,is the 
Oxyacantha mentioned by Theophraftus,ib.t.cap. 15.lib. 3.cap.4.hi/t.plant.among the euer.gteen 
trers,and I thinke rather this than our white Thorn to be the Oxyscantha Of Diofcorides.lib.4.c.1236- 
and certainely itwas no otherthan this Thorne which Virgil makes mentiowofby thename of 
Acanthus lib.2.Gcorg.in thefe words, Et baccas femper frondentisAcanthi. Thatis, And the berries 
of the Ere-greene Thorn, 


Tete x This 


604 An Appendix to 


Oxyacantha Theophrafti. G The Defcription, 
The Euer-greene Thorne, 


mpine growesvp likea buth, vnleffe you 
keepe it with pruning,and then it will in 
time grow to the height of a {mal tree,as the 
Hawthorne, whereto it is of affinitie, iorthe 
wood is white and hard, like it, and couered 
ouer with the like barke; buttheleaues are 
fomwhat like thofe of the Damfon tree, ion. 
gith,tharp pointed, and fnipt about the ed- 
ges: & they grow along ft the brancheswith- 
out any order,yet fomgtimes they keep this 
maner of growing : at each knot,wkere com- 
monly there isa fharpe prickle,grewes out 
one of the larger leaues, which may be fome 
inch and halfe long, and {ome thrce quarters 
ofan inch broad : then vpon the prickle, and 
at the comming out therofare three or foure, 
more or leffe,much {maller leaues:now thefe 
leaues are of a faire and fhining green abone, 
but paler vaderneath and they keep onal the 
yeare: At the ends,and oft times in the mid. 
dies of the branches co me forth clufters or 
vmbels of little whitith blufh coloured 
floures,confifting of fiue leaues apiece, with 
fome little chiues in their middles : then 
follow clufters ofberries,in thape,tafte, and 
bigneffe like thofe of the Hawthorne,and of 
the fame,but much more orient and pleafing 
colour,and containing in them the like feed: 
now thefe berries hang Jong vpon the tree,&& 
make a gallant fhew amongft the greene 
leaues, and chiefely then, when as the Au- 
tumne blafts haue depriued other trees of their wonted verdure. This floures in May and fune,and 
ripens the fruit in September and O Gober : it growes wilde in fundry places of Italy,and Prouince 
in France,but is kept in gardens with vs,where it is held in good efteeme for his ener greenefle and 
pliableneffe to any worke or forme you defire to impofe vpon him, 

; The fruit haue the fame faculties that are formerly attributed to Hawes, in the foregoing booke, 

pag.1328.and therefore I will not here repeat them, 


Cuar. 13.Of the A:gyptian Nap,or great Fuiubes tree. 
| The Defcription, 


i fee tree,which for his leaves and manner of growing I thinke may fitly bereferred to the In- 
| iubes tree,is of two forts ; thatis, theone prickly, and the other not prickly, in other refj pects 
; they are both alike,fo that one figure and hiftorie may ferue for them both which I will giue you 
. out of Clufius,who receiued this figure together with a defcription thereof from Honorins Bellus,and 
i ! alfo added thertothat which Proper Alpin, hath written of it indhis 5.chap.de Plant. e4’gypt.It grows 
wa ST a | ih tothe height of an indifferent Peare-tree,and thebodie and branches thereof are coucred with a 
Dy (h whitifh ath coloured barke : the leaues are like thofe of the Iusubes tree, two inches long, and one 
broad,with three nerues running alongft them, of a deepe fhining greene aboue, and more whitith 

; ‘ vnderneath : and they grow alternately vpon the branches : and at their comming forth grow tufts 
14 of little white floures hanging vpon fingle long foot-ftalks ; after thefe followes the fruit like vnto 
afmall Apple,ofthe bigneffe for the moft partofa large Cherry, and fometimes as big asa VVal- 
an / rt nut,ofa fweet taftc,containing thereina kernell or ftone like that of an Oliue.Itbeares fruit wife a 
yeare, for it hath ripe fruit both in the Spring and fall ; yet the vernall fruit feldom comes to good, 

- by 

: 


the Hittory of Plants. 1605 


by reafon of the too much moifure of the fea- 
Oewoplianon finofa. fon, which caufes it to become worme-eaten. 
The great Iuiubes trees The Thorny kinde is deferibed by 4/pinus,who 

rightly iudges it the Connarus of Athenens,but 
the figure he giues is not very accurate. That 
which wants prickles growes ‘(as well as the 
prickly one)in Agypt and Syria, asalfointhe 
city Rhetimo in Candy,whither it was brought 
out of Syria. 

The hiftorie of both thefe trees is in-Sera- 
pio by the nameof Sadar: but he,according to 
his cuftome confounds itwith the Lotus of Di- 
ofcorides,frora which it very muchdiffers. Bello. 
nius inhis fecond booke, and 79.chap. of his 
Obferuations,teckons vp Napeca amongit the 
trees thatare alwaies greene: which istrue, in 
thofe that grow in Egypt and Syria ; bur falfe 
in fuch as grow in Candy. That tree in 
Aagypt and Syria is called Nep, or Nap. 
cAlpinus, calls it Paliurus Athenei, or Nab- 
ca Agyptiornm , thinking ic (as I formerly 
faid) the Connarus mentioned ia the 14. booke 
of Athenens his Deipnofophifts. 

@ The Vertues out of Alpinus. 

The fruit is of a cold and dry facultie, and 
thevnripe ones are frequently vfed ta ftreng- 
then the ftomacke, and ftop lasks : the iuice af 
them being for this purpofe either taken by the 
mouth,or injected by clyfter : of the fame fruic 
dried and macerated in water, is madean infufi- 
on profitable againft the relaxationand vicera- B 
tion of the guts. 

The decoGion or infufionaf the ripe'dried 
fruit,is ofa very frequent vie againtt al petti- 
lent feuers : for they affirme that this fruit hath 
a wonderfull efficacie againft venenate qualities,and putrifa@ion, and that it powerfully fireng. G 
thens the heart. 

Alfo the inice of the perfedtly ripe fruit is very good to purge choler forth ofthe ftomacke and 
firft veines : and they willingly vfe an infufion made of them in all putride feuers to mitigate their 
heate or burning. 


Cuar. 14. Ofthe Perfan Plum, 


q The Defiription. 


T His tree is thought by C/ufins (towhom Iam beholden for the hiftoric and figure) to be 
the Perfea arbor mentioned by Pliny and Plutarch,but he fomewhat doubts whither it be 
thar which is mentioned by Theophraffus. Diofcorides allo, Galen and Strabo make mention of the 
Perfea arbor,and they allmake ita treealwaies greene, hauing a longith fruit fhutvpinthe fhell 
and coat ofan Almond : with which how this agrees you may fee by this defcription of Clwfias. 
This tree (faith he) is like to a Peare tree, fpreading it felfe fay abroad,and being alwaies green, 
hauing branches ofa yellowith green colour. The leauesare like thofe of the broadett leaued Bay- 
tree,greene aboue,and ofa grayifh colour vnderneath, firm,hauing fome nertics ANG obliquely, 
ofagood tafte and fmell,yet biting the tongue with a little aftriction. The floures are like thofe af 
the Bay,growing many thicke together,and confift of fix {mall whitith yellow leaues. The fruit at 
the firkt is like a Plum,and afterwards it becomes Peare fathioned, ofa blacke colour,and pleafant 
tate : it hath in ita heart fafhioned kernell,in tafte notvnlikea Chefnut,or {weet Almond.I found 
it flouring in the Spring,and I vnderftood the fruit wastipe 10 Autumne, by the relation of Sig*. 
i Tettte 3 Tor 


ee 


1606 An Appendix to 


Tohn Placa, Phyfition and Profeffor of Valen” 
Perfea arbor. ' tia,who fhewed me thetree growing in the 
The Perfian Plum. garden of a Monafteriea mile from Valen- 
tia,brought thither,as they fay,out of Ame- 
rica and he {aid they called it Memay- but 
the Spaniards who haue deferibed America 
giue this name to another tree. But diners 
yeares after, I vnderftood by the mof |ear- 
ned Simon de Tovar,a Phyfition of C iuilwho 
hath the fame tree in his garden, with other 
exoticke plants,that it is not called Mamay, 
but Aguacate, Thus much out of Clufins ; 
where fuch as are defirous, may finde more 
largely handled the queftion,whither this be 
the Perfea of the Antients or no > Rarioraps 
plan Hiftl, 1.0.2. 


Crap. 19. Of Gefuers 
wilde Quince, 


q The Defcription, 


Cotonalter Gefneri. (THe thrub which I here figure out of Clue 
Gefners wilde Quince :- fous, is thought both by him and others, 
2 to be the Cotonaftrum or Cidonago,mentioned 


by Gefner inhis Epiftles, 46. 3. pag. 88. It 
hath branches fome cubit long, tough, and 
bare of Ieaues in their lower parts, couered 
with a blacke barke : and towards the tops 
of the branches grow leaues fomewhat like 
thofe of Quinces: of a darke grecne aboue, 
and whitifh vnderneath, {nipt about the ed- 
ges: at the tops of the branches grow vfually 
many floures,confifting of fiue purplifh; co- 
loured leaues a picce, with fome threddes in 
their middles : thefe decaying , vnder them 
$row vp red dry berries without any pulp or 
iuice,each of themcontaining foure triangu- 
lar feeds.C/ufius found this fouring in Inne 
vpon the tops of the Auftrian Alpes,and he 
queftions whether it were not this which Bel- 
lonins found in the mountains of Candy, and 
called AcriomaleaJib. x.cap,17.This isnoty- 
fed in Phyficke, nor the faculties thereof 
knowne, 


CHAP: 


the Hiftory of Pla Wi si : i607 


-Cuar,16. Of Tamarindes. 


T: ‘amarindus.. s Tamarind: filiqua. 
The Tamarinde. ~ The cod of the Tamarindé. 


| The Defcription, 


Amarinds, which at this day area medicine frequently vfed, and vulgarly knowne in fhops, 
“¥. werenot knowne to the antient Greckes, but to fome of the later, as 4 Guarius, and that by 
‘ the name of oxyphanice, that is, foure Dates, drawne as it may feeme from the Arabicke ap- 
pellation, Tamarindi, that is, Indian Date: but this name is vnproper, neither tree nor fruit being 
Of any affinitiewith the Date,vnleffe the Arabicke Tamar bea word vfed in compofition for fruits 
of many kindes, as the Grecke wine, the Latine (Malum,and Apple with vs in Englith; for we call 
the Cone of the Pine, and excrefcence of the Oke leafe, by the name of Pine Apple, and Oke Ap- 
ple. But howfocueritbe, it is no matter for the name, whether it be proper or no,if fo be that it 
ferue to diftinguith the thing from others, and we know what is denoted by it. In Malauar they 
call it Pati - in Guzarat, -4mbili, by which name it is knowne in moft parts of the Eaft Indies, 
This tree isthus defcribed by Proper Alpinus, de Plant. Aigypti,cap. to. The Tamarind ({aith he) 
isa tree of the bigneffe ofa Plum tree, with many boughes and Icaues ltke thofe of the Myrtle, 
many ftanding vpon one rib [one againft another, with a fingle one at the end: } it carrieth white | 
floutes very like thofe ofthe Orange tree : out of whofe middle comes forth foure white. and very 
{lender threds : after thefe come thicke and large cods, at firft greene, but when they are ripe ofan 
ath colour; and within thefe are contained thicke, hard, brownifh, cornered feeds, anda blacke a- 
cide pulpe. Thefe trees grow in fome few gardens of Egyprt,whither they hane bin brought out of 
Arabia and Ethiopia. This plant hath this ftrange qualitie that the leaues alwaies follow the Sua, 
and when it fets they all contrac themfelues, and open out themf{clues againe at the rifing there- 
of; and there is obferued to be fuch force in this motion, that they clofely fhut vp and hold theit 
cods (ifany be on the tree) and then at the rifing of the Sun they forgoz them againe. But I hane 
obferued this folding vp of the leaues tobe common to diuers other Egyptiaa plants,as _catsa, 
Abrus, adfus,and Seshan, Thus mach out of Alpinas. 
The 


e 


| 4 \. i hr Haba daenbmgKx.,,.,,,,,.. 
A “1608 An Appendix to 
ar he here giue in the firft place, out of Lobel, is of a plant fome fix moneths old, arifen 
he ese feed eaten ‘i fowing of has I haue {ene growing in the garden of my deceafed friend 
hil M. Tuggy, but they fill died atthe firft approch of Winter. Theother figure expreffes the cods, 
and fome of the feeds apart, taken forth of the cods : now the cods are neuer broughtwhole to vs, 
i but the veter rindes are takeu off, and the ftrings or nerues that runne along ft rhe cods; the pulpe 
and feeds in it are clofe thruft together, and fo are broughr tovs in pots and fuch like veffels. 
ey The Temperature and V. ertues. _ , 
A _ The fruit or pulpe of Tamarindes is cold and dry in the third degree :it is of good vfe in cho- 
ae lericke difeafes,as burning Feuers,Tertians, and the like :it isa lenitiue andvery gently purging 
medicine and therefore vicd to be put into medicines feruing to that purpofe, : i 
B They vfe (faith A/pinus) the leaues of Tamarindes tokill wormesinyoung children ; and alfo 
their infufion or decoction to loofen the belly : the leaues are acide, and not vnpleafant vnto the 
Cc ses Arabians preferue the {mall and yet greene cods of this 'tree,as alfo the ripe ones, either 
"with fugat,or the honey boiled out of the fruit of the Carob tree: they alfo mix the pulpewith fu- 
ite gar, which trauellers carry with them in their tournies through the defart places af A frick,where- 
with they being dry or ouerheated, may quench their thirft, coole and refreth themfelnes,and alfo 
euacuate many hot humors by ftoole. : 
i! D In peftilent and all other burning putrid feuers they drinke the water with fugar,wherein a good 
i quantitie of Tamarinds haue been infufed ; for it is a drinke very pleafant to fuchas are thirty by 
reafon of too much heate, for it powerfully cooles and quenches thirft, 
E__ Theyarealfo vfed inall putrid feuers caufed by cholericke and aduft humors, and alfo again 
the hot diftempers and inflammations of the liuer and reinesyand withall againft the Gonorrhea. 
Somealfo commend them againft obftructions, the drapfie, iaundice, and the hot diftempers 
of the Spleene : they conduce alforo the cure of the itch, feab, leprofic, tetters,and all fuch vice- 
rations of the skin which proceed of aduft humors. 
G _ Theyare not good for furch as hauc cold ftomacks, vnleffe their coldneffe be cortected by put- 
"ting tothem Mace, Anife feeds, Squinanth, or fuch like, 


Cuap. 17. 
Of the Mamoera, the Male and Female. 


q The Deféription. 


He hiftoric of thefe two trees, together with the figures I here gine you, are in the Cure Po: 
T Seriores of Clufius, from whence I will take as much as concernes their hiftory, and briefely 

here giue it you. ; 
That of the Poct (faith he) is moft true,’ Non omnis fert omnia telus : for Lthinke there is no pra: 

wince to be found, which produees not fome peculiar plant nor growing in other regions, as the 
can teftifie who haue travelled ouer forrein countries, ef; pecially ifthey haue applied themfelues 
tothe obferuation of plants. Among ft fuch I thinke I may reckon that honeft and courteous man 
John Van V fele,who returning out of that part of America called Brafile, fhewed me inthe yeare 
1607.a booke, wherein he in liuely colours had expreft fome plants and liuing creatures : for as 
i he told me,when he putpo(ed to trauell he learned to paint, that fo he might expreffe in colours, 
i for his memorie and delight after he was returned home, {uch fingularities as he fhould obferue'a- 
broad. Now among ft thofe which hee in that booke had exprefled, I obferued twovery fingular, 
| and ofa ftrange nature, whofe figures without any difficultic he beftowed vpon me,as alfo the fol- 

lowing hiftorie, 
My Thefe two trees, whofe figures you fee here expreft, are of the fame Kinde,and differ only in fex:; 
es for the one of them, to wit the male, is barren,and only carries floures, without any fruit ; but che 
female onely fruit, and that without floure: yet they fay they are fo louing, and of fuch a nature, 
{ that ifthey be fer far afunder, and the female haue nor a male neere her, fhee becomes barten, and 
“tt | beares no fruit : of which nature they alfo fay the Palme is, 

fi iy Now the bole or trunke ofthat tree which beares the fruit is about two foot thicke,and it grow- 
Ht ; i eth fome nine foot high before it begin to beare fruit;bur when it hath acquired a iuft magnitude, 
! then {hall you fee the Vpper part of the tree laden with fruit, and that it willbeas it were thicke 
; 1s gire 


the Hiftory of Plants. 


: 1609 
girt about therewith for fomenine foot high more : the fruit is round and globe-fathioned, of the my 
{hape and magnitude ofa {mall gourd, hauing when it 1s ripe a yellowith pulpe, which the inha- 
bitants vfe to eate to loofen their bellies : this fruit contains many kernels of the bignes of a {mal 
peafe, blacke and fhining, ofnovfe that he could tearne, burwhich were caft away as voneceffary : 
the leaues come forth amongft the fruit, growing vpon long foor-ftalkes,and they in fhape much 
refemble the Plane tree or great Maple. 


(Mamoera mds. Mamotrafamina, 
The male Dugtree. The female Dug tree. 


snark tat 


What name the Brafilians giue it he could not tell, but of the Portugals that dwelt there itwas 
called Mamoera,and the fruit Mamaon,of the fimilitude I thinke they haue with dugswhich by the 
Spaniards are called Mamas and Tetas. 

There is no difference in the forme of the trunke or leaues of the male and female, but the male 
only carries floures hang ing downe, cluftering together vpon long ftalks like tothe floures of El- 
der, but ofa whitith yellow colour, and thefe vnprofitable, as they affirme. 

Both thefe trees grow in that part of America wherein is feituate the famous Bay called by the 
Portugals, Baya de todos los fanétos,\ying about thirteene degtces diftant from the Equator towards 


the Antarticke pole. 


Cuar. 18. 
Of the (loue-Berry Tree. 


@ The Defcription. 


Muftalfo abftra@ the hittorie of this our of the Works of the learned and diligent Clufizs,who 
| fets it forth in his Exoticks, b.1.cap.t7. inthe next chapter after Cloues. 


I put (faith he) the defcription of this fruit next after the hiftorie of Cloues , both for the 
affinitie 


—— 


1610 An Appendix to 


cA momum quorundam, forte Garyophyllon Pliny. affinitie of fmell it hath with Cloues tras 
yi The Cloue-berry tree. alfo for another caufe, which: I will thew 
Bits hereafter. Lames Garret inthe yeare 160% 
fent me from London this round fruit, 
commonly bigger than Pepper comes, yet 
fome lefle;wrinkled,ofa brownith colour, 
fufficiently fragile; which Opened, I found 
contained a feed round,black,which might 
be diuided into two parts, of no leffe aro- 
maticke tafte and fmell than the fruit it 
felfe, and in fome fort tefembling that of 
Cloues : it growes in bunches or clufters, 
as I conieétured by many berries which 
yet kept their ftalks, 8 two or three which 
ftucke to one little ftalke:to thefe were 
added leaues of one form,but of much dif. 
ferent bignes, for fome of them were feuten 
inches long, and three broad ; fome onel 
fiue inches long,and two anda half broad, 
others did not exceed 3 inches in length, 
and thefe were not two inches broad ;and 
fome a'fo were much leffe and narrower 
than thefe,efpecially thofe that were found 
mixed with the berries differing according 
tothe place in the boughes or branches 
which they poffeft.I obferued none aniong 
them which had fnipt leaues, but {mooth, 
with many fmall veines running obliquely 
from the middle rib othe fides,with their 
> ihe points now narrower,otherwhiles broader, 
and roundifh : they were ofa brownith ath 
( colour, ofa fufficient acride tafte : the branches which were added to the reft were flender,quadran- 
gular, couered with a barke of an afh colour,and thofe were they ofa yeares growth ; for thofe that 
were of an after growth were brownifh,and they had yet remaining the prints where the leaues had 
growne, which for the moft part were one againft another, and thefe alfowere of anacride tafte,as 
well as the leaues, and of no vngratefull {mell. 
Ireceiued the fame fruit fome yeares before, but without the ftalks, and with this queftion pro- 
pounded by himwhich fent it, 4% Amomum ? And certainly the faculties of this fruit are Not very 
much vnlike thofe which Dioforides attributes to his 4momum ; for ithath an heating aftri@iue 
and drying facultie, and I thinke it may performe thofe things whereto Dioftorides, Lib. 1. Cap. 14. 
faith his is good; yet this wanteth fome notes which he giues vnto his, as the leanes of Bryonie, 
C. 
. But I more diligently confidering this Exoticke fruit, finde fome prime notes which do much 
moue me (for I will ingenuoufly profeffe what I thinke) to ludge it. the Garyopkyllon of Pliny; for 
he, Hift.Nat. lib.t2. cap.7. after he hath treated of Pepper addes thefe words : [There is befides in 
the Indics a thing like to the Pepper corne, which is called Garyophyllon, but more greatand fragil ; 
they affirme it growes in an Indian groue ; it is brought ouer for the fmels fake.] Though this de- 
feriprion be briefeand fuccin&, neither containes any faculties of the fruit it felfe, yet it hath 
manifeft notes, which, compared with thofewhich the fruit I here giue you poffeffe, you fhal find 
them very like ; as comparing them to Pepper cornes, yet bigger and more fragile, as for the moft 
part thefe berries are : Le {mell is alfo very pleafing, and comming very neere to that of Cloues, 
and for the fmells fake only they were brought ouer in Plivies time. I found,this fruit being chew- 
ed made the breath to fmell well :and it is credible, that it would be good for many other purpo- 
ea) Po Rear fes, if triallwere made, 


SEES 


wanna 


Ve ie | Cuap. 


es canemnnneem seaemenee ee 
ew 


the Hiftory ot Plants. 16:1 


Cc wape19, Of Guaiacum, or Indian Pock-wood. 


Guaiaci arboris ramuluse q The Defiript, 
A branchoftheGuaiacum tree. 


tum; others, Lignim vite, is a well 

kown wood, though ofa tree viknown, 
orat leaft not certainly knowne ; for this fi- 
gure which I here giue you out of Clifius was. 
gotten, and the hittorie framed as you’ (hall 
heare by his ownwords,takén out of his scho- 
4avponthe 21 Chapter of Monardys. About 
the beginning (faith he) ofthe yearé t6or. I 
receiued from Peter Garret a branch Of a foot 
long, which hewrit was giten him bya cer- 
taine Surgeon lately returned from America, 
for a branch of the tree Guaiacum : which if 
itbe a branch of the true Guaiacum, then hath 
Nicolas Monardus {leightly enough fet downe 
the hiftorie-of this tree, I thus defcribed this 
branch which was fent me. 

This branch wasa foot long, very writhen, 
and diftinguithed with many knors, fearfe at 
the lower end equalling the thickneffe of a 
writing pen or goofe quil, hauing an hard and 
yellowith wood, anda wrinkled barke o an 
afh colour: atthe vpper end ir was divided 
into flender branches,whereof fome yet retai- 
ned their Jeaues,and other fome the floures 
and the rudiment of the ftuit: the leanes , or 
more truly the wings or foot-ftalkes of the 
Ieaues grew vpon flender branches onc againft 
another, each winged leafe hauing foure or 
fixe little leaues, alwaies prowing by couples 
one againft other, as inthe Mafticke tree ; and thefe were thickifh, round, and diftinguifhed with 
many veines, which by reafon of their drinefle(as I obferued) would eafily fall off, leauing the 
footftalks naked, and onely retaining the markes whereas the leaues had beene. Inthe knots of 
the vpper branches there grew as it were fvellings, ourof which together grew fix, eight, ten, or 
more {lender foor-ftalkes, fome inch long, cach carrying a floure nor great, confifting of fix little 
{eaves (but whether white, yellow, or blew,1 could not by reafon of the drinefle iudge:)out of the 
middle of the floure grew many little threds, and in fome the rudiment of the fruit began to ap- 
peare, hauing two cels, almoft fhaped like the feed-ve ffell of the common Shepheards purfe. 

Thus much Clufius, who afterwards receiued the fruit from two or three, but the mot perfe& 
from the learned Apothecarie Zohn Pona of Verona: they are commonly parted into two parts er 
cels, yet he obferued onewith three:he found longtth ftones in them almoft like thofe of Exonymus, 
and they confifted ofa y-ry hard and hairy {ubftance like to that of the Date ftones, containing a 
fmooth kernel of a yellowith colour. 

Now will J giue you the defcriptions of Cttonardys : then,what I haue abferued my felfe of this 
wood, which I mutt confeffé is very little, yet which may giue fome light to the ignorant, Of this 
wood (faith cAfonardus) many haue written many waies, faying that it is either Ebonie,ora kinde 
of Box, or calling itby fome other names. Butas it isa new kinde of tree, not found inthefe regi- 
ons, or any other of the whole world deferibed by the Antients, but only thofe of late difcauered, 
fo this thall be anew tree to vs : howeuet it be,itisa large tree of the bignes of the Ilex, fil of bran- 
ches, hauing a great matrix or blackifh pith,the fubftance of the wood being harder than Ebonie: 
the barke is thicke, gummie or fat, and when thewood is dry falleth eafily off: the leaues arc {mal 
and hard : the floure yellow : thewhich is followed by around follid fruir, containing init feeds 
like thofe of the Medlar. 

It growes plentifully in theTfles of Sant¥o Domingos 


( 1 Vaiacum, which fome tall Ligauin San- 


Anothet 


“Another kinde of this was afterwards found in the Ifland of S.Iohn de Puerto rico, neere to the 
former: itis alfo like the laft defcribed, but altogether leffe, and almoft without matrix or pith, 
{melling ftronger, and being bitterer than the former ; which being lefe, this is now in vfe, and of 
the wondrous effects it is called Lignum fanéturm ; neither without defert, being (experience giuing 
teftimonie) it excells the other: yet both their faculties are admirable in curing the French dif 
eafe, and therefore the water or deco&tion of both of them are drunke,either mixed together,or fe- 
uerally, both for the cure of the forementioned difeafe, as alfoagainft divers otheraffeas, ‘Thus 
much for Monardys his defcription, 

The wood which is now in vfe with vs is of a large tree, whofe wood is very heauy,follid, and fir 
to turne into bow]es or the like, and all that I haue yet feene hath been wholly without matrix or 
pith, and commonly it is ofa darke brownith colour, fomewhat inclining to yellow, hauing a ring 
of white ingirting it next to the barke ; I haue obferued a tree whofe diametre hath been two foor 
"and a quarter, to have had as little or lefle ofthis white wood as one whofe diameter was thirteene 
inches ; and this which was thirteene inches had only a white circleabout it of one inch in bredth: 
Ithinke the yonger the tree is, the bigger the white circle is : the beft wood is denfe, heauy, brow- 
nih, leauing a quickeand biting tafte in the deco ‘tion, as al{Q his {mell and colour. The barke 
of this wood is alfo denfe and heauy, ofa hard fubftance and yellowith colour within, but rough 
and greenih, or clfegrayifh without, and of fomewhat a bitterith tafte. Thus much for the de- 
{cription of the wood and his barke, Now let me fay fomewhat briefely of the temperatureand 
qualities. 


The Temperature and¥ ertues. 


A Itis iudged to be hotand dry inthe fecond degree: it hatha drying, attenuating.diffoluingand 
clenfing facultic, as alfo to moue fweat,and refift contagion and putrefaction, 

B The deco¢tion of the barke or wood of Guajacum,made either alone orwith other ingredients, 
as fhall be thought moft fit forthe temper and age of the Patient, is of fingular vfe in the cure of 
the French Poxes, and itis the moft antient and powerfull antidote that is yet known againft thar 
difeafe. I forbeare to {pecifie any particular medicine made thereof, becaufe they arewelenough - 

knowne to all to whom this knowledge belongs, and they are aboundantly fer downe by all thofe 

| that haue treated of thar difeafe. 

ae 2. C _ Italfo conduceth to the cure of the dropfie, Afthma, E pilepfie, the difeafes of the bladderand 

/ reines, paines of the ioints, flatulences, crudities, and laftly all chronical] difeafes proceeding 

: from cold and moift caufes ; for it oftentimes workes fingular effects whereas other medicines lit- 
tle preuaile. 

D tt doth alfo open the obftru tions of the liuerand fpleene,warmes and comforts the ftomacke 
and all the intrals, and helps to free them of any groffe vifcous matter which may be apt to breed 
difeafes in them, 


C HAPs 20. 
Of the Guayaua, or Orange-Bay. 
@| The Defeription. 


Imon de Tonar fent Clufins a branch of the tree which the S paniards cali Gwayaues,ftom which he 

| drew this figure, and thus defcribesit.. This branch (faith Clufivs) whofe vpper part together 

i with the fruit I caufed to be drawne, was fome foot long, foure {quare, alternately fer with 

P hy 1 leaues growing by couples, being foure itiches long, and one and a halfe or two broad,of the forme 

2 ie Bi of Bay leaues, very firme, hauing a fwelling rib running along {i the lower fide, with veins running 

: obliquely from thence to the fides, ofan ath or grayith colour beneath, but fmooth aboue, with 

i] the veines leffe appearing ; which broken,though old,yet retained the fmell of Bay leaues,and alfo 

; after fome fort the tafte : the fruit was {mooth, yet fhriucled, becaufe peraduenture it was voripe, 

. ofthe bigneffe of a fmal] apple, longith, blackifh on the out fide likea ripe plum, but within full 

: v4 ofareddith pulpe, ofan acide tafe 3 and in the middle were many whitith feeds of the bignefle of 
! 7" Millet,or thofe that arein Figs. 

: i Nicolas Monardus (ashe is turned into Latine by Clufiws) thus giues vs the hiftorie of Guayanas, 

i nf in his fixty fourth Chapter. It is a tree, faith he, of an indifferent bigneffe, and hath fpreading 

im Branches, the leafe of the Bay, and a white fioure, like that of the Orange, yet fomewhat bigger, 

. eh and 


the Hiftory of Plants. | a 1613 ’ 


; and well finelling , iteafily growes,wherefo- 
Guayave arboris rams. euer it be fowne,and fo fpreds and creepes 
The Orange-Bay. that it is accounted as aweed, for it {poiles 
the grafle of many paftures, with the too 
much f{preading as brambles do, the fruit is 
like to our apples, of the bigneffe of thofe the 
Spaniards call Camuefas,erecn at the firftand 
of a golden colour when they be ripe, with 
their inner pulpe white, and fometimes red ; 
diuided :1t hath foure cells,wherein lie the 
feeds, like thofe of the Medlers, very hard, of 
abrownifhcolour,wholly ftony,without ker- 
nell and tafte. 

The fruit is vfually eaten, the rinde being A 
firft raken off; it is pleafing to the palate, 
wholefome and eafie of concodion; being 
greene it is good in fluxes of the belly, for it 
powerfully bindes; and ouer, or throughly 
ripeitlooferh the belly ; but betweene borh, 
that it is ncither too greene, nor ouer-ripeyif 
rofted, itis good both for foundand ficke; 
for fo handled it is wholefommer, and. of a 
more pleafing tafte; that alfo is the better 
whichis gathered from domefticke and huf 
banded trees. The Indians-profitably bathe 
their fwolne legges in the decoction of the 
leaues ; and by the fame they free the {pleene 
from obftruction. The fruit feemes to be 
cold, wherefore they giue it rofted to fuch as 
are in feuers. It growes commonly in all the 
VVek Indies. Thus much Mosarduss 


Cua. 21. Of the (orall tree. 


q The Defcription. 


TE fame laft mentioned Simon de Touar a learned and prime Phyfition of Ciuill fent Clufine 
- three or foure branches of this tree, from whence he framed this hiftory and-figure. He writ 
(faith Clif.) that this tree grew in his garden, fprung vp of feeds fent from America,which had the 
name of Corall impofed on them,by reafon the floures were like Corall, but he did not fet downe 
there fhape ; writing onely this in his letter: That he had wo little fhrubs, which had borne 
floures,and that the greater of them bore alfo cods full of large beanes, but in the extreme Winter, 
which they had the yeere before, he loft not onely that tree,and orhers fprung vp of Indian feed, 
‘butalfoniany other plants. Now {eeing that this tree carries coddes, I conieGure the floures 
awerein forme not vnlike to thofe of Peafe, or of the tree called arbor Inde, but of another 
colour,towitred like Corall, efpecially feeing that inthe catalogue of his garden which hee 
fent me the yeere before, he had writ thus [ Arbor Indica dicta Coral, ob eins florem fimilem Corallo,Ges 
that is, An Indian tree called Corral, by reafon of the floure like to'Corrall, whofe leaves are ve- 
ry like thofe ofthe Arbor Inde, but this hath thornes, which that wants. | And verily the bran- 
ches whichhe fent (for he writ he fent the branches with the leaues, but the tree brought out 
fome twice or thrice as bigge) had leaues not inuch volike thofe of Arbor Iudz,but faltened toa 
»fhortet footftalke and’ growing one againft another, witha fingle one at the end of the branch, 
which was here andithere fet with fharpeandcrooked prickles , but whether thefe branches are 
onely the flalkesiof the leaues, or perfect branches,I doubt, becanfe all thar hee fent had three 

« Jeauesapiece ; I couldeafily perfuade my felfe, thar they were oncly leaues, feeing the vpper part 
ended inone leafe and the lowenend of one among thereft, yet fhewed:the piace where it feemed 
~irgrewtothe bough. But Laffirme nothing, fecing there wasnonewhereof I could inquire, by 
Vuuuuu teafon 


Coral arboris ramus. 


inthe middeft of the foure vndert 


An Appendix to 


A branch of the Corall tree, 


lour was quite decayed,and the pi dure it felf ex 
forme of threds, but onely the floure 
adeepe red colour. But if I could hav 


reafon of his death who fent them me, which 
hapned fhortly after ; yet I haue made the 
forme of the leaues withthe manner as I con. 
ieGured they grow, to be delineated in the fiz 
gure which I here giue you. Whether Matrhi. 
olws in his laft edition of his Commentaries 
vpon Diofcorides would haue expreft this, by 
the Icon of his firft Acacia, which is prickly, 
and hath leaues refembling thofe of C4#réor 
Inde, know not;burif he would haue expref- 
fed this tree, the painter did not well play his 

art. 

f After that Clufins had fet forththus much 
of this tree in his Hift rariorum plant. the lear- 
ned D', Caffaneda a Phyfition alfo of Cinill 
certified me, faith he, that the floures of this 
tree grow thicke together at the tops of the 
branches, ten, twelue, or more hanging vpon 
fhort foot. ftalkes, growing out of the fame 
place: whofe figure healfo fent,burfo tudely 
drawne, that I could not thereby haue come 
to any knowledge of the floures, but that he 
therewith fent me two dried floures,by which 
I partly gathered their form. Now thele flours 
were very narrow, 2. inches long or more,con- 
fifting of three leaues,the vppermoft of which 
much exceeded the 2.narrow ones on the fides 
both in length and breadth, and it was dou- 
bled;but before the floure was opened it ber- 
terrefembled a home or cod,thana floure,and 
the lower end of it ftood ina fhort green cup, 


he vpper leafe that was folded, but Openat the top,there came 
| ' fortha fmooth pointall, diuided ar the top into nine parts or threds, who fe ends of what colour 
: ; they were, as alfo the threds,I know not, becauféT'¢ould not gather by the dry floure, whofe co. 
preffed no feparation of the leaues in the floure,no 
s fhut, and refembling rather cods than floure,sand thofe of 
1e feen them frefher,I fhould haue been able to haue giuen 


a more exact defcription : wherefore let the reader take in good parr that which I haue here perfor. 


med. Thus much Clufins. 


Cuar 22. 


Of the fea Lentill, 


q The Defcription, 


Ome call this ¥va yariaa, and others haue thought it the Lemticula'marina of Serapio, but 


they are decéiued, for his Lenticula 
than the Mucus marines or Bryon 
that compares thefe two places together may plainely fee. 
1 The former of thefe hath many winding ftalkes,whereon grow fhort branches fer thick with 
Darrow leaues like thofe of Beluidere,or Befome flax, and among thefe grow many skinny;hollow, 


marina defcribed in his 245. chapter, is nothing elfe 
thalafsioa, detcribed by Diofiorides, lib. 4+ Caps 99. as any 


on empty round berries of the bigneffeand fhape of Lentills, whence it takes the name: thisgrowes 


Inthat famous and no leffe to 


ir in diners places of the Mediterranian and Adriaticke feas. 
in 2 This differs little fromthe former,but that the leaues are broader,fhorter,and fhiptabout the 
; edges. Butthis being in probabilitie the Sargazo of C4cofta, you thall here what heaies thereof. 
{ be feared nauigation del Sergazo (for fo they which faile into the 
Indies call all thar {pace of the Ocean from the 18.to the 34.degree of Northerly Jatitude)is feen 
a. deepe and fpatious fea couered with an herbe:called Sarguazo, beinga {pan long, wrapped with 
the tender branches as it were into balls, hauing narrow and tender Jeaties fome halfe inch long, 


much 


the Hiftory of Plants. 1615 
1 Lenticula marina anguftifolia, 2 Lenticula marina ferratisfolys. 
Narrow leaued Sea Lentill. Cut leaued Sea Lentil]. 


\ aoe 
Se ; vi eb 
C22 OOS a 


much fnipt about the edges,of colour reddith,of tafte infipide,or without any fenfible biting, bué 
what is rather drawne from the fale water, than naturally inherent inthe plant Atthe fetring an of 
cach leafe growes a feed round like a pepper come, of awhitith colour, and fometimes of white 
and red mixed, very tender when as it is firft drawne forth of the water, but hard when it is dried, 
butby reafon of the thinneffe very fragile, and full of fale water : there is no toot tobe obferued in 
this plant, but only the marks of the breaking off appeates ; and it is likely it growes in the deepe 
and {andy bottome of the fea, and hath {mall roots ; yet fome are of opinion that this herb is pluc; 
ked vp and carried away by the rapide courfe of waters that fallout of many Iflands into the Oce- 
an. Now the Mafter of the fhip wherein I was did ftiffely maintaine this opinion ; and in the fai- 
ling here we were becalmed , butas far as eucr wee could fee wee faw the fea wholly couered with 
this plant, and fending down fome yong Sailerswhich fhould driue the weeds from the fhip, and 
clenfe thewater, we plainly faw round heapes thereof rife vp from the bottom of the fea where by 
founding we could finde no bottome. 
®. This plant pickled with fale and vineger hath the fame taft as Sampier, and may be vied in ftead A 
thereof, and alfo eaten by fuchas faile, in place of Capers, 1 willed it fhould be giuen newly taken 
forth of the fea, to Goats which we carried in the fhip,and they fed vpon it greedily. 
I found no faculties thereof ; but one of the Sailers troubled witha difficultie of making water, B 
cafting out fand and groffe humors, ate thereof by chance both raw and boiled, onely for that the 
tafte thereof pleafed him : after a few dayes hee told tome that he found great good by the eating 
thereof, and he tooke fome of it with him, that fohe mightvfe it when he came afhore. Hitherto 
4 Cofta. 


bag ene Vuuuuu 2 Cari 


"Gi6 An Appendix to 


Cusp. 23. Of the Sea Feather. 


Myriophyllum marinum, q The D efoription, 

be Ai aby ah Ts elegant plant, which Clufius rez 

ceived from C ortvfws by thename of 

Myriophyllum Pelagicum, is thus defcribed 
by him: As much (faith hee) as I could 
conic cture by the pi@ure, this was fome 
cubit high, hauing a ftraight flalke, fu fii. 
ciently flender, diuided’ into many bran- 
ches, or rather branched leaues, almoft 
like thofe of Ferne, but far finer, bendin 
their tops like the branches of the Palme, 
ofa yellowifh colour : the top af the fta’k 
adorned with leffer leaues, ended in cer. 
taine {cales or cloues framed intoa head - 
which are found to containe no other {c¢ 
than tender plants already formed, in 
fhape like tothe old one: which falling, 
finke to the battome of the fea, and there 
take roor and graw, and fo become of the 
fame magnitude as the old one from 
whence they came. The ftalke is faftned 
with moft flender and more than capilla- 
rie fibres, in ftead of a root,not vpon rocks 
and Oifter fhells, as moft other fea plants 
arc, but vpon fand or mud in the botrome 
of the fea ; this ftalkewhen itis dticisno 
lefle brittle than glaffe or Coraline, bur 
greene and yet growing it is as tough and 
Hexible as Spartwm or Matweed, 


q The Place. 

Itgroweth inthe deepeft ftreames of the Illyrian fea, whence the Fifhermen draw it forth 
with hooks and other inftruments which they call Sperne, The whole plant, though dried,retains 
the faculties. 


@ The Names, 
The Italian Fifhermen call it Penachio delle Ninfe, and Palma de Nettuno + fome alfo,Scettro di Net. 
tun. 
q@ The vertues, 
They fay it is good againft the virulent bites of the Sea ferpents, and the venomous ftings or 
prickes of Fithes. i ; 
Applied to fmal! greene wounds it cures them inthe fpace of 24 houres, 
Cortufus writ, that he had made triall thereof for the killing and voiding of wormes,and that he 
found it to be ofno leffe efficacie than any Coralline, and that giuen in leffe quantitie 


vob wo) proilo: oidbilesio 1osaels fest 
Cuap. 24. Of the Sea Fan. 


q The Defcription, 

Fe elegant fhrub < eth vpon the rockes of the fea (where it is fometimes couered with the 
water) in diue ; for ic hath been brought both from the Eaftand Wett Indies,and.as 
{have beeninformed it is to be found in great plenty vpon the rocks at the Burmuda Ifles Clu fins 
calls 


the Hiftory of Plants. i617 


Frutex marines reticulatus. calls it Frutex Marinus elecantiffimus, and 
Sea Fan. i £0] ie ‘ thinkes it may be referred to the Palma Ma- 
Gov anno! ovlabed “it cuny rina of Theophraftuss Banhine hath referred 


( ae 4, itto the Corallina’s, calling it Corallina corti- 
REN Ni 1, . ce reticulate maculofopurpurafcente, It growes 

S AN) by vp fomtimes to theheight of three foor,hia- 

ap ANY N We Ae ty uing a ftalke fome handfull or ewo high be- 
y SONNY i AGN Ki fore it part into branches: then isiit dinided 
Ws REN \ DS by OW; Rae into three, foure, or more branches, which 
ENE i BS t i) are {ubdiuided into infinite other leffer 
EES ins i Hie iH he ftrings , which are finely interwouen and 
SA Wee H RAZIAS Vis ioyned together as ifthey werenetted , yet 

; A HAL ae leauing fometimes bigger, othctwhiles lef. 

M \ by m4 ae fer holes: and thefe twiggy branches be: 

i W Vill come finaller and fmaller,the farther they 

He We 4 are from the root, and end as irwere in {mal 


Ses 
Tee 
SSS 

. 


ibs 


threds : thefe branches grow not vp On ctie= 
ric fide, as in other plants, bur flat one be. 
fides another, fo that the whole plant re- 
fembles a fan, ora cabbage leafe eaten full 
of holes;yct fomtimes vpon.the fides came 


KS 
Preset 


NM 
SS 


A RIN 
Sey 
> 


ay 
5 


iff BxY wis? . i 
ee PORES forth other fuch fanne-like branches, fame 


bigger, fome lefle, fometimes one or two, 
otherwhiles more. The inner fubftancd of 
this Sea-Fan is a blackith taugh, and hatd 
wood, and it is all couered quer with a 


—— 


Va af rough oon en matter, of areddith 
CEE. a or purplifh colour, and this you may with 
WMH, our naile or a knife {ere ft 

Wie: Sr \ Soehi a gn ata phig off ffom the 


és I know novife of this, bur it is kept for 
the beauty and raritie thereof, by many louers of {uch curiofities, amongft which for the rareneflé 
of the ftruure this may holda prime place. 


Cuar. 25. 
Of China, and Baftard China. 


q] The Defiription, 


His root which is brought from the remoteft parts of theworld,and is in frequent vfe with 

vs, hath not been knowne in Europe little aboue fourefcore and ten yeares : for Garsias ab 

Orta the Portugal! Phyfition writes, That hecame to the firft knowledge thereof in the Eaft 
Indies, in the yeare 1535, and that by this meanes, as he relates it: Ithapned (faith he) that about 
that cimea merchant in the Ifle Dix told the noble gentleman S". Mart. Alfonfo de Soufa my Patron, 
by what meanes he was cured of the Freneh Poxes, which was by a certaine root brought from 
China ; whofe faculties he much extolled, becaufe fiurch as vfed it needed notob{cruc fo fhrida diet 
as was requifit in the vfe of Guajacum, but fhould onely abftaine from Beefe, Porke, Fifh, and 
crude fruits ; but in China they donot abftaine ftom fith, for they are thete great gluttons. When 
the report of this root was divulged abroad, euery man wonderfully defired to {ee andvfe ir, be- 
caufe they did not well like of the ftriét dyet they were forced roobferue in the vfe of Guajacum. 
Befides, the inhabirants of thefe countries,by reafon of their idle life are much giuen to gluttony. 
About this time the China hips arriue at Malaca, bringing a {mall quantitie of this root for their 
owne vfe. But this lietlewas fought for with {uch earneftnefle, that they gaue an exceffiue rate for 
it butafterwards the Chinois bringing a greater quantitie, the price fell,and it was fold verie 
cheape. From this time Guajacum began to be out of vfe, and banifhed the Indies,as a Spaniard 
that would famifh the Natiues. Thus much Garcias concerning the firft vfe thereof in the Eaft 
Toadies, 
wie” Vuuuuu 3 ; 1 The 


oe 


1618. An Appendix to 


a 


x The China now in vfeis a root of the largenefle of that of the ordinarie Flag,or Zr1s paluftris; 
and not much in fhape vnlike thereto, but that it wants the rings or circles thatare imprinted in 
the other ; the outer coat or skin of this root is\thin, fometimes {mooth, otherwhile rugged, of a 
browniflired colour, and not to be feparated from the fub {tance of the root,which is of an indiffe. 
rent firmeneffe,being not fo hard as wood, but more follid than moft roots which are not of fhrubs 
or trees : the colour is fometimes white, with {ome very {mall mixture of redneffe ; otherwhiles it 
hath a greater mixture of red, and fome are more red thanwhite : itis almoft without taft,yetthat 
it hath is dry, without any bitternefle or actimonieatall.. The beft is that which is indifferently 
ponderous, new, firme, not worme-eaten, nor rotten, and which hath a good and frefh colour, and 
that citherwhite, or much inclining thereto. The plant whofe root this is (ifwe may beleeue Chri- 

Sopher A Cofta) hath many {mall prickly and flexible branches, not vnlike the Smilax afpera, or the 
prickly Binde-weed : the biggeft of thefe exceedeth not the thickenefle of ones little finger. The 
leaues are of the bigneffe of thofe of the broad leaued Plantaine : the roots are as large as ones 
hand, fomerimes leffe, follid, heauy, white, and alfo fometimes red, and many oft times growing 
together, , 


x China vulgaris Officinaram, 2 Pfeudo-Chiaa. 
Tiue China. Baftard China, 


It groweth aboundantly in the territorie of China, and is alfo found in Malabar, Cochin, 
Cranganor, Coulan, Taror, and other places. 


tion, C 


defcribet 


what likevnto that of Swilax afperi, or common rough Binde-weed, hard,wooddy , and full of 
veines, as the ftalks of Smilax g : the fubftance of the root was alfo reddith; as theroot of the 


n Flagge, at the firft of a faltith tafte, it being old, (for fo it was when I receiued it) 
and 


"the Hiftory of Plants. i619 


and thendrying, Now I'iudge this the fame that the writerof the Virginian Hiftorie mentions 
in his chapter of roots,and faith,it was broughtinto England for China;though the Natiues knew 
novie thereof: but they vfe anotherroot very like China,which they call Taw, of which beein 
cut,beaten,and preffed out with water,they draw a iuice wherewith they make their bread. ‘Thus 
much Clufius,to whofe words I thinke it not amiffe to adde that which M". Thoms Hariot (whowas 
os ofthe Virginian hiftorie, here mentioned by Clufivs) hathfet downe concerning this 
thing. 

T finaw (faith he) is a kinde of root much like vntothat which in England is called the China 
root, brought from the Haft Indies. And we know not any thing to the contrarie bur chat ic may be 
ofthe famekinde. Thefe roots stow many together in great clufters, and doe bring forth a Brier 
ftalk,but the leafein fhape is fat valike:which being fupported by the trees it sroweth neeereft vn. 
to,wil teach or clime tothe top of the higheft. From thefe roots whileft they be new or frefh,bein 
choprinto fmall pieces.and ftampt,is ftrained with water aiuice that maketh bread, and alfo bee- 
ing boiled,a very good fpoonemeat inmanner ofa gelly,and is much better in tafte, ifit be tempe- 
red with oyle. This 7/ivaw is not of that fortwhich by fome was caufed tobe brought into England 
for the China rootsfor it was difcouered fince, and is in -vfe as is aforefaid ; bur that which was 
brought hither is not yet knowne,neither by vs,nor by the inhabitants, to ferue for any vfe or pur- 
pofe,although the roots in fhape are very like. Thus much Hariot, 


@y The Temperature and Vertues, 


China is thought ro be moderately hot and drie : the decoction thereof made alone or with o- 
ther things,as the difeafeand Symptomes fhal require,is mych commended by Garcias,for to cure 
the French pox,but chiefely that difeafe which is of fome ftanding : yet by moft it is iudged lefle 
powerfull than Guajacum,or Sarfaparilla, 

Itattenuates,moues fiveat,and dries,and therefore refifts putrifaction ; it {trengthens the liver, 
helpes the dropfie,cures maligne vicers, fcabbes, and lepry. Itis alfo commended in C onfump- 
tions. ‘ 

The decoétion of this root, faith Garcias ,befides the difeafes which haue cammunitie with the 
Poxe, conduces to the cure of the Palfie,Gout, Sciatica, {chirrous and cedematoys rumours. It al. 
fo helps the Kings-euill, It cureth the weakenefle of the ftomacke, the inneterate head-ache, the 
ftone and viceration of the bladder; for many by the vfe of the decottion hereof hauebeene cured, 
which formerly receiued help by no medicine. 


Citar. 26. Of Coftus. 


gq The De tription, 


TT His fimple medicine was bricfely deferibed by Dio/corides,who mentions three kindes thereof; 
but what part of a plant,;whether root,wood,or fruit,he hath not expreft: but one may probablex 
ly conieGure it is aroot, for that he writes toward the end of the Chapter where he treats thereof, 
Lb, t.cap.r5 that itis adulterated by mixing therewith theroots of Helenium commagenum ; now a 
root cannot well be adulterated but with another. Alfo Pliny, ib. 2.cap.12.calls itaroot; but nei- 
ther any of the antientor modetne Writers haue deliniated the plant, whofe root fhould be this 
Cofins. Diofcorides makes three forts,as Thaue faid: the Arabian being the beft , which was white, 
light, ftrong,and well {melling : the Indian,which was large, light, and'Blacke: the Syrian, which 
was heauie,of rhe colour ofBox,and ftrong {melling, Now Pliny makes two kindes, the blacke, and 
the white,which he faith is the better,fo I indge his blacke to be the Indian of Diofcorides, and his 
white;the Arabian, Much agreeable to thefe(but whether the fame or no, 1 donot determine) are 
the tworoots whofe figures I here prefent toyour view,and they are called by the names of Coffus 
dulces(1 thinke they fhould haue faid odoratus)and Coftus amarus. 

1 The firft ofthefe,which rather from the f{mell,thantafte, is called {weer, is a pretty large 
root, lightwhite,and well {melling,hauing the {mell of Orris or a violet,but fomewhat more quick 
and piercing,cfpecially if the root be frefh, and not too old :it is oft times diuided at the top into 
two, three,or more parts, from whence feuerall ftalks haue growne,and you fhall fomtimes obferue 
vpon fome of them pieces of thefe ftalks fome two or three inches long,of the thickenefle of ones 

DET RE MOR RAST reas Sa ! little 


A 


B 


1620 An Appendix te 
little finger, crefted,and filled witha foft pith,like as the ftalks of Elder, or moe like thofe of the 


Bur-docke : the tafte of theroot is bitter, with fomeacrimonie, which alfo Diofcorides requires in 
his, for he faith, the tafte fhould be biting and hor ; thus much for the firft, being Coftus dulcis of the 


Shoppes. 
2 Costus Officinarum Lobelij. 
Bitter Coftus, 


1 Coffus Indicus five odoratus. 
Indian or {weet fmelling Coftus. 


ane 
\ 
ie 


reeks 


ay" 


2 The fecond,which is the Coftus amarus,and it may be the Indian of Disfcorides, and Niger of 
Pliny,is a root blacke both withia and without, light,yet very denfe, It feemes tobe of fome large 
root, for that it is brought ouer cut into large picces,of the bigneffe of ones fin er,fometimes big- 
ger fometimes leffe,which it feemes is for the more conuenient drying thereo for a large root,vn- 
Teffe it be cut into pieces can fcarcely be wel dried:thetafte of this is bitter,fomewhat clammy and 
ingrate : the fmell is little or none. 

There are fome other roots which hauc been fet forth by late writers for Coftus,but becaufe they 
are neither in vfe,knowne here with vs, nor more agreeable tothe defcriptions of the Anrients, I 


haftening toan end,am willing to paffe them ouer in filence. 


Se 


«| The Temperature and Vertues out of the Antients. 


A Ithatha heating and attenuating facultic, and therefore was vfed in oile to annoint the bodie 
againft the cold fits of Agues,the Sciatica,and when it was need full to draw any thing to the {uper- 


ficies of the body. 
B__ Itisalfoconuenient to moue vrine,to procure the termes,to help ftrains,convulfions,or cramps 
and paines inthe fides , and by reafonof the bittemeffe it kills wormes. 

It is good to be drunke againft the bite of the viper : againft paines of the cheft, and windineffe 


Cc 
of the fromacke taken in Wine with Wornre-wood: and itis vfed to be put into fundrie Anti- 


dotes. 


CHAP: 


——.-+-__-_. 


lo 


the Hiftory ot Plants. 1621 


Cuar. 27. Of Drakes root,or (ontra-yerua 


G The Defcription. 


Hat root which of late is knowne in fome fhops by the Spanith name Contra-yerua,is the fame 

which Clu(ws hath fer forth by the title of Drakeaa radix : wherefore I will gine you the hifte- 

rie of Glufivs,and thereto adde that which Monardus writes of the Contra-yerua. For though 
Bawhine,and the Author of the Hiftoria Lug duaenfis feeme to make thefe different, yet I finde that 
both:Clufius his figure and hiftorie exa ly agree with the roots fent vs from Spaine by that title, 
wherefore I fhall make them one,till fome {hall fhew me how they differ: and Clufius feemes tobe 
of this minde alfo,who defied but the degree of heatewhich Monardus giues thefe, and that is but 
the fecond degree: now thefe hauenotafte at che firft,vntill you haue chewed them a pretty while, 
and.then you {hall findea manifeft heateand acrimonie in them, which Clu/ims did alfo Obferue 
inhis. 

Inthe yeare (faith Clu/ins) 1581.the generous Knight Sir Framci Drake gaue me at Londan cer- 
tain roots,with three or foure Pertvian Beazor ftones,which in the Airumne before(hauine finifhs 
ed his voyage,wherein pafling the Straights of Magellan, he had encompaffed the Warld) he had 
brought with him,affirming them to be of high efteeme among{t the Peruvians: now for his fake 
that beftowed thefe roots vpon me,! haue giuenthem the title Drakema radix, or Drakes root, and 
hauemade them to-be exprefled ina tablejas you may here {ee them. 


So Se a 


7! 


a Drakena radix. ‘sig Radix Drakena affinis. 
Contra-yerua, . © 00.) Another fore of Contra-yettte 


"Thefe roots were for the moft part fome halfe inch thick, longith, now and then bunching out 
. nto Knots and vnequall heads,and their tops looked as ifthey were eampoted of thicke {tales, al- 
moft like thofe ofthe Dentaria esneaphyllos , blackith without,wrinckled, and hard, becaufe dried: 
their itiner part was white ; they had flenderfibres hereand there growing out ofthem, and pe ne 
more thicke and laree,hatd alfo and toughyarwhich hung other knots: Lobferued no mani felt {mel 
they/had,buc found them to hauea taftefomewhat aftringent,8¢d rying the tongue atthe firft ; but 
being Tong chewed,they left a quicke and pleafing acrimonte in the mouth ame 
It feemed'to hae ereat affinitie with the Radix S _Helena,whereof Nic. Monardus fpeakes in his 
booke ofthe Simple Medicines brought from the Welt Indies:but feeing N.£liot (who apa 


“1622 An Appendix to 


Nijed S*,Frae.Drake in that voyage,faid,thar the Spaniards in Peru had them in great requeft; and 
they could noteafily be got ofthem,and that he had learned by them, that the leaues were prefent 
poifon, but the root anantidote,and that not only againft the fame poifon,buralfo againtt other; 
and that.it ftrengthned the heart and vitall faculties,ifitwere beaten to pouder, and takenin the 
morning ina little wine , and giuen in water,it mitigated the heat of Feuers. By reafon of thefe fa- 
culties it fhould much agree with the Radix Contra-yerua, whereof Monardus writes in the fame 
booke : yet in thefe I required the aromaticke tafteand degree of heate, which he attribures vnto 
thefe roots. Thus much Cluf- , i 
‘A © From Charcisa Prouince of Peru,faith Afonard,are brought certaine roots very like the roots of 
Irs,but leffe,and having the fmell of Fig Ieaues. The Spaniards that liue in the Indies call them) 
Contra-yerua,as if you {hould fay an Antidote againft poifon;becaufe the pouder of them taken in 
white Wine is a moft prefent remedy againft all poifon of what kinde focuer it be(only fublimate 
excepted,whofe malignitie is onely extinguithed by the drinking of milke) itcaufes them to bee 
caft vp by vomite,or euacuated by feat. They alfo fay that Philtres or amorous potions are calt 
forth by drinking this pouder.Italfo killeth wormes in thebelly. The root chewed hath a certain 
aromaticke tafte ioined with acrimony ; wherefore it feemes hot in the fecond degree: Thus farre 
Monardus. : : : 

2 Clufius Exot.l. 4.¢.t1.being thenext after Drakena radix,defcribes this roat,whofe figure I giue 
you inthe 2.place, & that by the fametitleas it is here fet forth. Thefe roots, faith he,feemed {am - 
what like the Drakenaradix which were found in the great fhip which brought backe the Viceray 
from the Eaft Indies, and was taken by the Englith : for they were tuberous; and as much as one 
may gather by their forme,crept vpon the furface of the earth,hauing vpon them many haires and 
fibres,and being ofa footy colour, yet fomewhat inclining to yellow,dying the ittle in chewing 
them,and being bitter : they as yet retained foot-ftalks of the leaues,but of what fafhion they were 
no man caneafily guefle.Butitwas likely they were of, greatvie among the Indians, fécing thatrhe 
Vice-roy brought them together with other precious medicines growing inthe Eaft Indies, Lames 
Garret {ent this to C/ufins with the little plant dryed,whofe figure you fee expreft by it, 


Cuapr.28. OfLignum Aloes, 


Lignum Aloes vulgare, @ The Defcription. os 
' T isa queftion whether the Agallochum deferi- 

bed inthe 21.¢./, 1 of Diofcorides bethe fame 
which the later Greeks and fhops at this cime 
call Xyloa/oe.or Lignwm Aloes, many make them 
the fame : others, to whofe opinion I adhere, 
make them differerent, yet haue, nor the later, 
fhew what 47allochum (hould bee, which I not- 
wich ftanding willdosand though I doenot now 
giue you my arguments,yet I will pointat the 
things, & (hew pofitiuely my opinions of them. 
he firft and beft of thefe is that which fome 


cal 


art others, Calumba,ot Calambec: this 
is of high efteem in the Indies, & feldom found 
j } but among {tthe Princes, and perfons of great 
$y qualitie ; for it is fold oft times for the weight 
1} \ in gold, hauenot feen any therofbut inbeads 
j it feemes tobcawhiter wood than the ordina- 
if i| ry,ofa finer graine,nor fo fubie& torot,and of 

: su ) : y if a more f 16 {mell, and but light, 
é The fee ort, which is vfually brougheo- 
i veratid «: 1 hops by the name of Lignus 
i if Aloes,isalfo a precious and odoriferous wood, 
oy Bhi efpecialiy b : the ftickes of this are com- 


| monly knotty & vnfightly : fome parts of them 
i being white, foft,and dored:otherfome, denfe, 


. | blackith, 
ji 


the Hiftory of Plants. 1624 


blackith,or rather i ntermixt with blacke andw 
this put to the firewill {weat out an oily moift 
taketo be the true xy 
Agulain the Indies. 


The third is a wood of much leffe price than the former: and I coni¢ ture it might well be fub- 
ftituted for Thys : and this I take to be the 4g allochum of Diofcorides the Lignum Aloes (ylucfire of 
Garcias;and Azula brana of Lin{coren. It is a firme and follid wood, fomewhat hike that ofthe @edar, 
not fubied to rot or decay : the colourthereof is blackith, efpecially on the our-fide; but on the 
in-fide itis oft times brownifh and {peckled,containing alfo in iran oiliefubfance, and yeelding 
afweet and pleafing {mell when it is burnt, but not like that ofthe two former: the tafe alfoor 
this is bitcerer than that of the former: and thewood(thongh denfe and fallid) may be eafily cleft 
Jong-waies;it is alfo a farre handfomer and more fightly wood than the former, hauing normany 
knots in it. 

Garcias ab Orta thus defcribes the tree that isthe Lignum Aloes(1 iudge it’s that] haue fer forth in 
the fecond place:)itis(faith he) like an Oline tree, fumetimes larger:the fruit orfloure I could not 
yet {Ce,by reafon of the difficulties and dangers whicha re tobe vndergone in the accurateob fer- 
uation of this tree(Tigers frequently there fecking their prey.) [ had the branches with the leaves 
brought me from Malaca. Now they fay that the wood new cut downe hath no fra grant odour, nor 
tillit be dried ; neither, the fmell tobe diffufed ouer the whole matter of the wood, butin the hear 
ofthe tree ; for the barke is thicke,and the matter of thewood without fmell. Yet may [not denie, 
butthe barke and wood putrifying that oilie and fat moifture, may betake it felfe tothe heartof 
the tree,and make it the more odoriferous: but there is noneed of putrifaction to geta fmell to 
the Lignum Aloes:for there are fundry fo expert and skilfull in the knowledge thercof,chat they will 
iudge of that which is new cut downe,whither itwill be odorifetous or no. For inall forts of wood 
fome are better than otherfome:thus much out of Garcias;where fuch as are defirous may {ee more 
vponthis fubied. G| The Temperatureand Vertucs. 

itis of temperature moderate ly hot and dry, and alfo of fomewhat fubtill parts. Chewed it 
makes the breath fmell fweet,and burnt it is a tich erfume, 

Taken inwardly it is good to helpe the ftomack te is too cold and moift,as alfo the weak liuer, 


Itis commended likewife in dyfenteries and pleurifies:and put alfo.into diuers Cordial medi- 
cines and Antidotesas a prime ingredient. 


hite veines,but much more blacke thanwhite, and 
ure, and burnt, yeeld a moft fragrane odour, This!T, 
‘oaloc of the late Greckes; and the Agalugen of Anicen.and that they call Palo a 


Cuar.29. Of Gedwar. 


1 Gedwar ant, Geidyar. 2 Zedoaria exactior icon.A better figure of Zedoary* 


es 1624 An Append xto 


q The Defcription, 

se JN the Chapterof Zedoarie(which I made the 28.of the firft booke) I might fitly haue giuen you 
this hiftorie;of Gcdwar,whieh is thought to be that deferibed by Anicrnl1b.2. C934. Hd akinde 
of Zedoarie: Garcias faith, Gedwar is ata high rate,and not eafily to be found; vnlefe with the In- 
dian Mountibanks and juglers,which they call Zo¢wes, which goe vp and downe the countrey like 
Rogues,and of thefe the Kings and Noblemen buy Ge/dyar sit is good for many things,but chiefely 
againft poifons,and the bites and ftings of venomous creatures. Now Clufizs in his war at the 

end thereof ginesthis figure,with the following hiftorie. 

1. Becaufe Garciasfaith he,cap.42./.1 .Aromatum hift, treating of Zecoarie writes, that Auicen 
calls it Gedwar ;and faith that itis of the magnitude of an Acorne, and almoft of the fame tha e 
lin my notes at the end of that chapter affirmed that itwas not knowne in Europe, and hard a 
knowne.Butin the yeare £605,1ohbn Pona fent me from Verona together with other things tworoots 
written on by the name of Gedwar verum, They were not much vnlike a longifh Acorne, or (thar 
I may more truly compare them)the {maller bulbs ofan A fphodil,or 4nthora: the one ofthem was 
whole and not perifhed: the other rotten and broken, yet both of them very hard and follid, of an 

-afh colourwithout, but yellowifh withinywhich tafted, feemed to poffeffe a heating faculticand 
acrimonie. 

But although I can affirm nothing of certaintie of this root,yet I made the fisure of the wholler 
of them to be expreft ina table,that fo the forme might be conceiued in ones minde more eafil 
or by anaked defcription. Let the Studious thanke Pona for the knowledge hereof. Thus Tie 
Chufius. ; 

2, Inthe28 chapter of the firft booke I gaue the figure of Zodoarie out of Clufius hauing not 
at that time this figure of Lobel which prefents to your view both the long and the round withthe 
manner how they grow together,being not feuerall roots,but parts ef one and the fame. ‘ 


Cuare 30, Of Rofe-wood. 


Afpalathus albicans torulo citreo. Afpalathus rubens 
White Rofe-wood, Reddith Rofe-wood, 


Im 
LTS 


\ q The 


the Hiftory ofPlants. amg 1625 


© The Defcription., 


Oth thefe as alfo fome other woodsare referred to the Ajpalathus defcribed by Déofcorides, 2, 1> 
c.19.But the later of thefe I take to be the better of the two forts there mentioned. The firft of 
them is whitifh without,hauing a yellowifh or citrine coloured round in the middle : the tafe 

is hottifh,and {mell fomewhat like that of a white-Rofe. 
The other hath alfo a {mall ring of white,next the thicke and rugged barke, and the inner wood 
is of areddifh coloursvery denfe;follid and firme,as alfo indifferent heauy : the fmell of this is alfo 
like that of a Rofe, whence they vulgarly call it Lignum Rhodium, Rofe-wood, rather than from 


Rhodes the place where the later of them is faid togrow. 


q The Faculties ont of Diofcorides. 


It hath aheating facultie with aftriGtion,whence the decoction thereof made in wine is conue- 
nient to wath the vicers of the mouth,and the eating vicers of the priuities and fuch vnclean fores 
as the OX¢na (aftinking vicer in the nofe fo called.) 


Put vp ina peffarie it drawes forth the childe,the deco<tion thereof ftayes the loofeneffe of the B 


belly,and drunke it helpes the cafting vp of bloud,the diflicultic of making water, and windineffe. 


T the end of this Appendix. I haue thought good to giue you diuers deferiptions of 

Plants,which I receined from my often mentioned friend M*, Goodycr,which alfo were omit- 

ted in their fitting places,partly through hafte,and partly. for that I receiued fome of them af- 
ter the printing of thofe chapters wherein of ‘right they fhould haue been inferted. They are moft 
of them of rareand not written of plants,wherefore more gratefull to the curious, 


Hieracium flellatum Boelg . 


fgngys plantis in round,hairy,ftraked,branched ftalks,and long,rough,blunt indented Jeaues like 
to Hieracium falcatum,but {carce a foot high: the floures are alfo yellow three times fmaller: 
which paft,there fucceed long crooked flender fharpe pointed cods or huskes, neere an inch long, 
{preading abroad, ftar-fafhion,wherein a long feed is contained:this hath no heads or woolly down 
like any of the reft, but onely the faid crooked coddes which doe at the firft {pread abroad. The 
root is fmall, threddie, full of milkie iuice,as is alfo the whole plant and it perifheth when the feed 
is ripe. 
Hieracinm medio nizrum flore maiore Boely. 


This hath at the firft {preading vpon the ground many long,narrow,green, fmooth leaues blunt- 
ly indented about the edges, like thofe of Hieracium falcatum, but {maller : amongft which rife vp 
three, foure,or more,{mall, {mooth ,ftraked round ftalks, diuided into other branches,which grow 
longer than the ftalks themfelues leaning or trayling neere the ground:the floures grow onthe tops 
of the ftalks,but one rogether,compofed of many pale yellow leaues, the middle of each floure be- 
ing ofa blackith purple colour. 


Hieracium medio nigrum flore minsre Boel. 


‘This is altogether like the laft before defcribed in ftalkes and leaues : the floures are alfo of 2 
blackith purple in the middle,but they are three times {maller, 


Hieracinmlanofam 


There groweth from one roorthree,foure or more round vpright foft cottonie flalks,of a reafo- 
nable bigneffe,two foot high,diuided into many branches,efpecially neere the top,whereon grow = 
eth at cach diuifionone broad fharpe pointed leafe,diuided into corners,and very much crumpled, 
and alfovery foft cottonieandwoolly,as is thewhole plant: rhe floures are {mall, double, ofa pale 
yellow colour,very like thofe of Pilofella repens,crowing cluftering very many together atthe tops 
of the ftalkes and branches, forth of fall round foft cottonie heads : thefe foure plants grew from 

a See REKRUM MEM et oa ae + feed 


: 
| 
' 


“An Appendix fo 


Blitum (pinofum = off Beta Creticafemine aculeato Bauhini catatth, 
pags 37%. 


This fendeth forth from one root_many round greenc fttrailing, ioynted, {mall branches, about 
a foot long : the leaues are of a light greene colour, and grow at cuety iointone, fomewhatlike 
the leaues of great Sorrell,but they are round topped without barbes or eares below, or any mani- 
felt tafte or finel!,very like the leaues of Beets,but much {maller : the floures grow cluftering roge- 
ther about the ioints and at the tops of the branches {mall and greenifh,each floure containing five 
or fix very fmall blunt topped leaues,and a few duftie chiues in the middle : which paft,there com- 
meth great prickly fhriuclled feed,growing euen clofe to the root,and vpwards on the ioints, each 
feed hauing three fharpe prickes at the top growing fide-waies,which indeed may be more proper- 
ly called the huske,which huske in the in-fide is of a darke reddith colour,and containeth one teed 

in forme like the feed of Flos Adoni:,round at the lower end,and cornered towards the top,and fharp 

pointed,couered ouer with a darke yellowith skin; which skin pulled’ away, the kernel] appeareth 

vellow on the outfide,and exceeding white within, and will with a light touch fall into very {mall 

pouder like meale, 


Gerang Batice  [pecies Boely, 


This hath at thebeginning many broad leaues,indented about the edges, fomwhat diuided,like 
thofe of Geranium Creticum,but ofa lighter greene colour, and fmaller : among ft which grow v 
many round hairy kneed trailing branches,diuided into many other branches, bearing leaues like 
the former,but fmaller,and no more diuided. The floures are fmal like thofe of Geranum Mofihatum, 
but of a deeper reddifh colour,each floure hauing fiue fmall round topped Jeaues: after followeth 
final] long hairie feed,gtowing at the lower end ofa fharpe pointed beak like that of Geranium Mof- 
chatum: the whole plant perifheth when the feed is ripe. 3 

Boeligs a Low-countrey-man gathered the feeds hereof in Beticaa part of Spaine,and imparted 
them to M'.William Coys,amanvery skilfull inthe knowledge of Simples, who hath gotten plants 
thereof,and of infinite other ftrange herbes,and friendly gaue me feeds hereof,and of many other, 
Aino, 1620. 


Antirrhinum minus fire Litaria luteum infcriptum. 


This hath at che firft many very fmail, round, fmooth branches from one root, trayling on the 
gtound,about foure or fiue inches long,fet with many fmall greene fhort fharp pointed leaues, like 
thofe of Serpillum, but that thefe are longer,fmooth, and three or foure growing oppofite one a- 
gainft another: amongft which rife vp five or fix, fometimes ten or twelue vpright round fmooth 
little ftalks a cubit high,diuided into branches bearing final] long {mooth greene leaues, growin 
without order,as narrow as the vpper leanes of Oeanthe Anguftifolia: at the toppes of the ftalks and 
branches grow cluftering together fiue fix or more {mall yellow flourés , flouring vpward s,leauing 
along {pike of very fmall huskes,each huske hauing a {mall line or chinke as though two huskes 
were 1oined together,the one fide of the huske being a little longer than the other, wherein is con- 
tained exceeding {mall blackih feed. The root is very fhort,fmall,and white,with a few threds,and 
perifheth at winter. 

This plant isnotwritten of that I can finde.T recciued feed thereof from M'» William Coys often 
remembred. 


Linaria minor 2ftina. 


aownewards. 


ther,a 


: % . 5 ae te 
tisa great deale leffer, and the floures are fix times as fmall, and perith ar Winter.1 alfo 
ceeds thereof from. M*. William Coys. 

Scorp. 


eel 


‘the Hiftory of Plants. 1627 


Scorpisides multiflorus Boély. 

This Plant is in creeping branches and leaues like the common Scorpioides bupleari folio + the 
floures are al fo alike, bura little bigger, and grow foure or fiue together onone foot-(talke : the 
cods are rougher, and very much turned round, or folded one within another: in all things elf 
alike. : 


Scorpioides filiqua craffa Boelij. 

This is alfo like the other in creeping branches and leaues : the floures are fomething bigger 
than any of the reft, and grow not aboue one or two together on a foor-ftalk : the cods are crooked, 
without any rough haire, yet finely checkquered, and feuen times bigger than any of there ft, fully 
as big as a great Palmer-worme, wherein is the difference : the feed is almok round, yet extending 
fomewhat in length, almoft as big as {mall field Peafon, ofa browneor yellowith colour. This al- 
fo perifheth when the feed is ripe. Sept. 1. 16216 


Silibnm minus florenutante Boelj. 

This Thiftle is in ftalkes and leaues much {maller thaneur Ladies Thifile, that isto fay, The 
ftalkes are round, ftraked, fomewhat woolly, with narrow skinny prickly edges three or foure foot 
high, diuided into many branches, whereon grow long leaues,deeply diuided full ofwhite milkes 
like ftreakes and tharpe prickles by the edges : the floures grow on the tops of the ftalks and bran- 
ches, forth of fmall heads,commonly turning downwards,of the bigneffe ofan Oliue,fet with very 
fmall flender fharpe pricks, containing nothing but fmall purple chines, {preading abroad like 
thofe of Zacea, with fome blewith chines inthe middle : the feed followeth, inclofed in downe,and 
is {mall and grayith like the feed of other Thiftles, but it is as clammy as #ird-lime. The whole 
plant perfheth at Winter, and renewethit felfe by the falling of his feed. I findenotthiswritten 
of. Itwas firlt gathered by Boe/ys mm Spaine, and imparted vato Mi. William Coys, who friendly 
gaue me feeds thereof, , 


Aracus maior Baticus Boeli., 

It hath {mall weake foure {quare ftreaked trailing branches, two foot high, leffer, but like thofe 
of Fetches , whereon grow many leaues without order, and every feuerall leafe is compofed of fix, 
feuen, or more fmal] {harpe pointed leaues, like thofe of Lentils, fet on each fide of a middle rib, 
which middle rib endeth with clafping tendrels :the floures grow forth of the bofomes of the 
Icaues, but one ina place, almoft without any foot-ftalkesatall, like thofe of Verches, but of a 
whiti(h colour, with purple ftreakes, and ofa deeper colour tending to purple towards the nailes 
of the vpper couering leaues : after which follow the cods,which are litele aboue an inch long, not 
fully fo big as thofe ofthe wildebeane, almoft round, and very hairy : wherein is contained about 
4 peafon,feldom round, moft commonly fomewhat flat, and fometimes cornered,ofa blackith co- 
lour, neere as big as field peafon, and of the tafte of Fetches : the whole herbe peritheth when the 
feed is tine. This plant Boelivs fent to M*. William Coys, who hath carefully preferued the fame kind 
cuer fince,and friendly imparted feeds thereofto me in Anno 1620. 


Legumen pallidum V LifSiponenf?, Noni Branaony., 
This plant is very like, both in ftalks, leaues, and cods, toc -dracus maior Baticus, but the floures 
of this are ofa pale yellow or Primrofe colour, and the whole herbe {maller, and nothing fo hairy, 
It perifheth aifo when the feed is ripe. I receined the feeds likewife from M.Coys. 


Vicia Indica frugtn albo. Pifiim Indicum Gerardo, 


This Vetch differeth not in any thing atall, cither in ftalkes,leaves,cods, fathion of the floures, 
or colour thereof, from our common manured Vetch, bur that it groweth higher, and the fruit ts 
bigger and rounder, and of a very cleare white colour, more like to peafon than Vetches. M*. Ger. 
rardwas wont to call this Vetch by the name of Pi/im Indicum, or Indian Peafe, gotten by him af. 
ter the publi(hing of his Herball, as M'.Coys reported to me. But the faid M*.Coys hath in my iudg- 
tment more properly named it Vicia frudty albo - which name thought mof fit to call it by, onely 
adding Jmdica to it, from whence it is reported to haue been gotten. I#l.30.1521. 


Aftragalus marinus Lufitanicus Boelij. 

This hath fiue, fix, or more round ftraked reddith hairy {talks or branches, of areafonable big- 
neffe, proceeding from one root, fometimes creeping or leaning necre the ground, and fometimes 
ftanding vpright, a cubic higb,with many greene leaues, fer by certaine diftances, out of order 
like thole of Glaux vulgaris, but leffer, every leafe being compofed of fourteen or morse round top- 

XXXEX X 2 ped 


1628 An Appendix to 


"ped leaues, a little hairy by the edges, fet on each fide of a long middle rib, whichis about nine or 
ten inches in length, without tendrels : the floures grow forth of the bofomes of the leaues, neere 
the tops of the ftalkes,on long round ftreaked hairy foot-ftalkes, ofa very pale yellow colour, like 
thofe of Securidaca minor,but bigger,growing clofe together in fhort fpikes,which turne into {pikes 
of the length of two or three inches, containing many {mall three cornered cods about an inch 
long, growing clofe together like thofe of Glaux vulgaris, each cod containing two rowes of {mall 
flat foure cornered feeds, three or foure in each row, ofa darke yellowith or leadith colour, like to 
thofe of Secaridaca minor, but three or foure times as big, of little tafte : the root is fmall, flender, 
white, with a few threds, and groweth downe right, and perifheth when the feed isripe. I firft ga- 
thered feeds of this plant in the garden of my good friend M:. 10h. Parkinfon an Apothecary of Lon- 
don, 4210 1616. 


Fabaveterum ferratis folys Boel. 

This is like the other wilde Beane in ftalks, floures, cods, fruit, and clafping rendrels,but it dif. 
fereth from it in that the leaues hereof (efpecially thofe that grow neere the tops of the ftalks) are 
notched or indented about the edges like the teeth of a faw. The rootalfo peritheth when the 
feed istipe. The feeds of this wilde Beane were gathered by Boelins a Low-country man, in Beti- 
caa pattof Spaine, and by him fent to M'. William Coys, who carefully preferued them,and al fo im- 
parted feeds thereofto me, in Avm01620. Jul. 31,1621. 


Pifum maculatum Boels. 


They are like to the {mall common field Peafon in ftalkes, leaues, and cods; the difference is, 
the floures are commonly {maller, and ofa whitith greenecolour : the Peafon are of a darke gray 
colour, fpottedwith blacke fpots in thew like to blacke Veluet ; in tafte they are alfolike, but 
fomewhat harfher. Thefe peafon I gathered in the gardén of M*. John Parkinfon,a skilfull Apothe- 
carie of London ; and they were firft broughtout of Spaine by Boelins a low-Countrey man, 


Lathyrus aftivus flore luteo, kely. 28. 1631; 


This is like Lathyris latiore folio Lobel, in ftalks, leaues,and branches, but fmaller: the ftalks are 
two or three foot long, made flat with two skins, with two exceeding fmall leaues growing on 
the ftalks, oneoppofite againft another: betweene which fpring vp flat foot-ftalks, aninch long, 
bearing two exceeding narrow fharpe pointed leaues, three inches long : betweene which grow 
the tendrels,diuided into many parts at the top,and taking hold therwith:the floures ave final and 
grow forth of the bofomes of the leaues, on each foot-ftalk one floure,wholly yellow, with purple 
firakes. After each floure followeth a {mooth cod,almoft round, two inches long, wherein is con- 
tained feuen round Peafon,fomewhat rough,butafter a curious manner,of the bigneffe and tafteof 
field Peafon,and of adarke fand colour. 


Lathyrus aftivus Baticus florecaruleo Bocly. 


This is alfo like Lathyris latiore folio Lobely put {maller,yct greater than that with yellow flours, 

hauing al{o adioining to the flat {talkes,two eared fharpe pointed leaues,and alfo two other flen- , 
der fharpe pointed leaues,about foure inches long, growing on a flat foot-ftalke beetweene them, ! f- 
an inch and a halfe long,and one tendrel between them diuided into two or three parts:the floures 
are large, and grow on long {lender foure-{quare foot-ftalkes,from the bofomes of the leaues, on 

each foot-ftalk one:the vpper great couering leafe being of a light blew,& the lower fmaller leaues 

: of a deeper blew : which paft there come vp fhort flat cods,with two filmes,edges, or skins on the 

; vpper fide, like thofe of Eruslia Lobel, containing within foure or fiue great flat cornered Peafon, 

; bigger than field Peafon,ofa darke fand colour. 


Lathyrus effivus edulis Baticus flore albo Boelij. 

jay || ; This is in flat skinny ftalks,leaues,foor-ftalks,and cods,with two skins on the vpper fide, and in . 
ik all things elf like the faid Lathyrss with blew floures;only the floures of thisare milk white : the 

fruit is alfo like, 


{ 4! Lathyrus eftivus flore miniato. 
1 ay This is alfo in skinnic flat ftalks and leaues like the faid Lathyris latiore folio, but fax {maller, not 
BOE hal Hy three foot high : it hath alfo {mall tharp pointed leaues growing by couples on the ftalke,between 
bi. l : mit which grow two leaues,about three inches long,ona flat foot-ftalk halfan inch long:alfo between 


| thofe leaues grow the tendrels:the floures are coloured like red lead,but not fo bright, growing on 
: fmoorh 


theHiftoryofPlant. = 1629 


F a Oe eee 


fmooth fhort foot-ftalks,one ona foot-ftalke: after which follow cods very like thofe ofthe com 
mon field peafon, but lefferjan inch anda halfe long,containing foure, fineor fixe cornered Peafon, 
of a fand colour, or darke obfcure yellow,asbig as common field peafon,and of the fame tafte. 


Lathyrus palufiris Lufitanicus Boclij 


Hath alfo flat skinnie ftalks like the faid Lathyrus latiore folio,out the paire of leaues which grow 
on the ftalke are exceeding {mall as are thofe of Lathyrus flore lutco,and are indeed fearce worthie ta 
be called leaues : the other paire of leaues are about two inches long, aboue halfe an inch bread,and 
grow fiom betweene thofe {mall leaues,on flat foot-ftalks,an inch long : betweene which leaues al- 
fo grow thetendrels : the floures grow on foot-ftalks which are fiue inches long, commonly two on 
a foot- ftalke,the great vpper couering leaues being ofa bright red colour,and the vnder leaues are 
fomewhat paler : after commeth flat cods,containing feuen or eight fmall round peafon,no bigger, 
than a Pepper corne,gray and blacke,{potted before they are ripe, and when they are fully ripe ofa 
blacke colour, in tafte like common Peafon : the ftalks,leaues,foot-flalkes and coddes are fomwhat 
hairy and rough, 


Lathyrus aftivus dumetorum Beticus Boely 


Hath alfo flat skinnie flalks likethe faid Lathyrus latiore foliobut fmaller,and in the manner of 
the growing of the leaues altogether contrarie. This hath alfo two {mall fharp pointed leaues,ad- 
ioyning to the ftalke : betweene which groweth fortha flat middle rib with tendrels at the top, ha- 
uing on each fide(not one againft anorher)commonly rhree blunt topped Jeaues, fometimes three 
on the one fide,and two on the other,and fometimes but foure in all,about an inchand a halfe long: 
the floures grow on foot-ftalks, about two or three inches long each foor-ftalk viuially bearing two 
floures, the great couering leafe being ofa bright red colour ; and the twovnder Jeaues of a blewith 
purple colour : afterwhich follow {mooth cods, aboue two inches long, containing, fiue, fixe,or 
feuen fmooth Peafon,ofa browne Cheftnut colour,not round, but fomewhat flat, more long than, 
gene pecially thofé next both the ends of the cod,of the bigneffe and tafte of common field pea- 
on. 


Tuniperus flerilis, 

| This fhrub is inthe manner of growing altogether like the Juniper tree that beareth berties,on- 
Jy the vpper part of the leaues of the youngeft and tendereft bowesand branches are ofa more ted- 
difh greene colour: the floures grow forth of the bofoms of the leaues,ofa yellowith colour,which 
neuer exceed three in one row, the number alfo ofeach row of leaues : each floure is like to a {mall 
bud, more long than round neuer growing to the length ofa quarterof an inch, being nothing elfe 
but very fmall fhortcrudely chiues,very thicke and clofe thruft together, faftened to a very {mall 
middle ftem,in the end turning into {mall duft,which flieth away with the winde, not much vnlike 
that of Taxus fferilis: on this fhrub is neuer found any fruit. 15. Maij.1621. 


Wie the laft fheets of this worke were on the Preffe,I receiued a Letter from from M*, Roger 

Bradfhaghe,wherein he fentme inclofed anote concerning {ome plants mentioned by our Au- 
thorwhich I haute thought fitting here toi mpart to the Reader : he writes not who itwas that writ 
them,wherefore I cannot acquaint youwith his name,but thanke him,though vnknowne,for his de- 
fire'to manifeft the truch,and fatisfic our doubts in thefe particulars, 


Ecaufe you write that Gerard Herbal is vpon arevicw,] hauethought good to put you in mind 

what I hane obferued touching fome plants which by him are affirmed to grow in our Northern 
parts : firft the plant called P/relawhich he faith groweth in Lanfdale,I haue made fearch for it the 
{pace of twentie yeares, but nofuch isto be heard of, 

Sea Campion witha red floure was rold him groweth in Lancafhire: no fuch hath euer bin feen 
by fuch as dwell necre where they fhould grow. 

White Fox-gloues grow naturally in Lanfdale, faith he,it is very rare to fee one in Lanfdale. 

Garden Rofé he writes groweth about Leiland in Glouers field wilde: I haue learned the truth 
from thofe towhom this Glouers field did belong,and I finde no fuch thing, only aboundance of 
ted wilde poppie,which the people call Corne-rofe is there feene. 

White Whortles,as he faith,crow at Crosby in Weftmerland,and vpon Wendle hillin Lan- 
cafhire : Ihaue fought Crosbie very diligently forthis plantand others which are faid to grow 
there,but none could I finde,norcan I heare of any of the countrey people in thefe parts, who day- 
ly are labouring vpon the mountains where the V Vortle berries abound, that any white ones hate 

beene 


} 


An Appendix to 


been fcene,fauing that thofe which Gerard calls red Whortles, and they are of a very pale white 
ercen till they be fullripe, fo as when the ripe ones looke red, the vnripe ones leoke white. 

Cloud-bertieaffuredly is noother than Knoui berric. : 

Heskets Prim-rofe groweth in Clap-dale. If M*. Hesket found it there it was fome extraordinary 
luxurious floure, for now J am wellaffuredno fuch is there ro be feene, bur itis onely cherifhed in 
‘our gardens. 4 

Gerard faith many of thefe Northerne plants do grow in Cragge clofe, In the North euery town 
and village neere any craggie ground bork with vs & in Weftmerland haue clofes fo called,wher- 


by Gerards Cragge clofe is kept clofe from our knowledge, 


Chamaemorus, feu V accinia nubis, Knot,or Knout.betrie, or Cloud-berrie. 


His Knot,Knout or Cloud-berrie (for by all thefe names it is knowne to vs in the North, and 

taketh thefenames from the high mountaines whereon it groweth, and is perhaps, as Gerard 
faith,one of the brambles,though without any prickles) hath roots as fmall as packe thred,which 
creepe far abroad vnder the ground sof an Ouerworne red colour, here and there thrufling more faft- 
lyinto the moffic hillockes tutcs of {mall threddie ftrings,and at cestaine 1oints putting vp {mall 
ftalks rather tough than wooddy,halte a foot high,fomthing reddifh below:cn which do grow two 
or three leaues of a reafonable fad green colour,with foot-ftalkes an inch long, onc aboue another 
without order : the higheft is but little,and teldome well {pread open; thcy arc iomething mgged, 
crifpic, full of nerues in cuery part,notched about the edges , and with {cme feure gafl.cs a little 
deeper than rhe reft, whereby the whole Ieafe is lightly diuided into five portions. On the top of the 
ftalkcommeth one floure confifting of foure,fomerimes of fue leaues apiece, very white and ten- 
der,and rather crumpled than plainewith fome few fhort yellow threds in the mid{t: it ftandethin 
alittle greene husk of fiue leaues,out of which when the floure fades, commeth the fruit,compofed 
of diuers graines like that of the bramble,as of cight,ten or twelue, {emetimes of fewer, and per- 
haps through fome mifchance but of three or two,fo ioined, as they make fome refemblance ofa 
heart,from whence (it may be)hath grown that errour in Gerard of dividing this plantinto 2 kinds: 
the fruit is firft whitith grceene,after becommeth yellow, and reddifh on that fide nextthe Sun. 

It growcth naturally ina blacke moift earth or moffe, whereof the countrie maketh a fewel we 
call Turfe,and that vpon the tops of wet fells and mountains among the Heath,moffeand brake:as 
about Ingleborow in the Weft part of York-fhire, on Graygreth a high fell on the edge of Lanca- 
fhire,on Stainmor fucha like place in Weftmerland,and other fuch like high places. 

The leaues come forth in May,andin the beginning of lune the floures : tl.c fruit is nor ripe till 
late in Iuly. 

The berries haue a harfh and fomething vnpleafant tafte. 


His worke washegun tobe printed before fuch time as. we receined all the figures from beyond the Seas, 
which mas the occafion I omitted thefe following intheir fitting places but thinking st not fit to omit them 
wholly having then by mest wil gine you them with thear titles and the reference to the places whertothey 
belone. 
g 
* In Auguft laft whiles this worke was in the Preffe,and drawirg to anend, Iand M*. William 
Breadwere at Chiffel-burft with my oft mentioned friend M'. George Bavles, and going ouerthe 
heath there I ob{erued this finall Spartum whole figure I here giue,and whereof you fhall find men- 
tion, in the place noted ynder the title of the figure,but it is not there defcribed, forthat I had not 
feen it,nor could finde the defeription therof in any Author,but in Dutch,which I neither bad nor 
vnderftood. Now this little Matweed hath fome {mall creeping ftringy roots:onwhich ¢ row fom- 
what thick heads,confifting of three or foure leaues, as it were wrapt together in oneskin, biggeft 
below,and fo growing fmaller vpwards,as in Schenanthvutill they grow vp to the height of halfean 
inch,then theferufhic greene leaues (whereof the longeft {carce exceeds two- inches) breake out of 
thefe whitith skins wherein they were wrapped, and lye along vpon the grdund, and amoneft thefe 
growes vpa fmall graffie flalke,fome handfull or betger high,bending backe the top, which carries 
tworowes of {mall chaffie feeds.It is in the perfeGtion about the beginning of Auguft. 


FINS. 


aes 


Cyperus Indicus, fine Curcuma. Iuncus minor capitulis Equifets. 


Turmerticke. 


: Club-Rufh. ; 
Page 330 Lib. ds Capraz Santo ms Pag.35. Libet~ Cap.2y. ae fifth pales bis 
BW Bs M vas 
Qt Wy We 


* Spartum noftras parvum Lobeli.” Schenanthi flores. 
Heath Mat-weed. The floures of Camels Hay. 


Pag.4 x. liber. Cap.34.the fifth ‘ Pag.43s lib.t- c4p.356 the firft- 
Nome ub , gbhneto 


ee ee a 


Mi 


set 


“ony 


aR US tas oRPASRaRNSRAR Rn Zst7 
Ge ee a ee 


INDEX LATINVS STIRPIVM IN:HOCG 


opere defcriptarum necnon nomina quedam Gracay 


A 


Bies mas cr fom. 1363 
A Marina Belg.Clas. 4574 
Abiga, 517 
Abrotanum mas. G feemecius 
reliqua fpec. 1106.1107 
Abjinthinm latifelium & tennif.1096 
eAnfriacum.1098 Marinum.1099 
Album & cAEgIpte L101 
~ dnodorum & Abrovani fam. facie. 
1102. 


wdbutilon, 935. 
Acacia Diof: 1330-1334 
Acanbus [ativus & Gl. 1147 
Virgily. 1603 
Acanthinm album & purparenmt V4, 
Acarna. i 73 
Accipitrina. 305 
Acer mains & minus; "48 5 
wAcetofa. 397% 
Achillea. gettin 
Wchras gr. Pyrus fyluestris. 
Acinos. 675.6 
Aconitum baccifernm. a3 380 
Pardalianches Matth, 762 
Pardalianch. prim. Matth, 31 5 
Batrachoides, 953 
Pardalianch Gefit. 967 
Riemale. 968 
© Eins reliqua fpece —_ 969.ad.975 
\Acorus Offic.33- Paluft. 50. 
Verus alattgs 63 
Atlas, Plin, quibufdam Chrsstophor. 


Atle griSambucns. 

Aculeata,id e5,Polyacanthz. 

Acus Mofchata,ia eff,Geranium, 

Acus paftoris, id eff, Geranium vel 
Petten venerts, 

Acutella,id est. Anonts. 


Adiantum album. 1136 
Nigrnm.1136.Uerum. 31436 
\Aureum, 1559 
sAdmirabilis Peruv. 344 
Adonidis fos. 387 
Ador adoyeum femen, 69 
Adyaclasoel Adrachnes 1602 
eA gilops Narbon, 74 
Prima Matth.75.Bromoides. 77 


* Ag opyras,id eft, Fago-tritscnis. 
egoceros,id est, Fannm-gracnie 


oAgyr0s.gr.Populas. 

Aeromeli,ideft; Mannas 

eA fehinoment. 446 
eAzthiopis. 779 
Agallochnme _ 2622 


Arabica, Barbara, &c. 


Agaricus. 1365 
Ageratum. 648 
Aglaophotise 983 
Agnus castuss 1387 
Agri Palma. 705 
Agrifolium. 1339 
Agrimonia.7 12. Syluest. 993 
yet 667 
Abovay, 1545 
Ajuga, id eft, Chamepitys. 
Aixaon,vide Sedum. . 
Alabaftrites. ie 986 
Alaternus, 11398 
Albarum, me 94. 
Album olus. 3IL 
Alcauna. 1396 
Aleca vulgaris.931. . eg ypt.937 
Fruticefa.o34. peregrina. ' 936 
cAlchermes, 1343 
Alchimilla. 949% Montana.3594: 
Alcibiadion. 1 803 
Alettorolophos. 1071 
Alga, : 1569 
Alifina quorund.443.Tragi, 649 


(Matth 7 42. Pratorum & ‘fyl-Col. 


782. Diofcoridis. 787 
Alkah. 535 
Alkekengi. BAZ 
Alleluya. 1202 
Alliaria. 796 


Allium.178.Syl199. Urfinum. ib. 


Latifolium.3180, — Alpinim,182 
Alnus, 1477. Nigra. 1469 
Aloe. 507 
Alopecuros.87. . Max,Anglica.ibi, 
Alfine ciufG, fpec. 611.642.4d-617. 

Cruciata marina. 622 
Altercum. 355. 
Althea ciufq, fpec.933+ Lutea.935. 
Alus Gallica. 807 
Alypum. 506 
Abffum Galen. Diofe 465 

GermanicumTab. 699. 


Galeni quornud.1132- Plinel125. 


Fruticans, 1306 
Amara dulcis, 350 
Amaracus, fs 664 
Amarartus purp. G cins Spece. 322 

323. 

Luteus, 646 
Amarclla Gefrs 564 
Ambrofia, . 1108 
Ambubeia, 233 
Ambuxum. $37 
eAmellus Monti 4858 

Virgil. 499 
Amedantts. 4478 


Tyy7)7 


Ameos,id ef, Ammi, 
Amelancher, Lob. 1419 
Ammict cius pec. 1026 
Ammoniacums I 05 6 
beets 1548 
Aiomum,Plina 365 
Germanicum, io17 
Verum & fpariumn, 1548 
Quorundam, 1610 
Aimpelopraffun, 176 
Amygdalits, 1445 
Peruana, 155% 
Amyrberis, 1326 
Anacardinm. 15.44 
Anagallis mas.& fams 617 
Tennifol.ey lutea, 618 
Aquatica einfg, (pec, 620 
Anagyris P 1429 
wnanas, 1550 
Anblatum,id est, Nidus auis, 
Anchufe Alcibiad. Lut.&c, 80a 
Degener. 609 
Andrachne,er.Portulaca, 
Androface, 535 
Androfemum, 543.544 
Anemone cinfG, [pec.varieap.374.4a> 
be eyes 1033 
Sylucfire vel tortuofims 105% 
Angelica. 999 
Anguria,id eft Citrulluss 
Anifim 103 
Anifomarathrum. 1o4s 
Anon. 1323 
Anonymos,Clufe 555 
Flore Coluteé. 1597 
Anferina. 993 
Antenphorbium, 1178 
Anthem, 756 
Anthera. 1262 
Aathericus, 94 
Anhora, 969 
Anthos,id eff,Flos Rofmarini. 
Aathrifcuss 1040 
Arabropomorphos, 352 
Aathyllis alter Italy Peer si 
Lentifolia. 622 
Varina, ib. 
MontanaDals 555 
Ualentina (tuft 566. 
Leguminofit, 1240 
Antipathes. 1575 
Antipthora,id eft, Anthora- 
Antrirbinum einfG, fpec. 549 
Minus flore Linarie, 1626 
Tragie A04 
Aparines a12e 
aan Aphacas 


Aphaca. 294.1228.1250 
Aphacoides. 1231 
Aphedron,vide Ephedrons 
Aphyllanthes. 637 
Dodonai 732 
Apiastram 691 
Apios 504 
Apitim rifts quorund. 385 
Hortenfe. 1013 
Palustrevel rufticum. ors 
Montanum, 1015 
Sylueftre 1020 
‘Apocynum. 993 
Syriacum C laff. 399 
Apollixarts, 355 
Aqua vita. 882 


Aquifolium vide Agrifolinm. 
Aquileia eiufq, variet. 1093+1094. 
Arabis Dod,265,vide Draba, 


Arachidna. 927 
Aracus, 1228 
Flore lat. Aduerf. 1231 
Maior Baticus. 1627 
Arantium + 9463 
Arara. 3550 
Arbor ex Goa.fine Indica 1514 
Iude 14.28 
Lanifera. 1552° 
Triftis 1527 
Uita, 3369 
Arbntus, 1496 
Arceion 810 
Archangeliea. 1000 
Arcion vide sdrceion. 
Areca. 1520 
Arenaria, 428 
Ar éfta bous, 1323 
Argemone. 373 
“argentina, 993 
Argyrocome. 642 
Aria Theophe 1327 


Arifarim lavifol.& angnstifol. 835 
Ariftolochia longa & rotunda 846 


Clematitis & faracen. 847 
“Armeniaca malas, 1449 
Armeria. 597-598:599 
Armerins flos3.Dod. 602 
Armorariapratenfis. 600 
Armoracia. ib, 
Arnogloffon. 421.422 


Arrefta bouis.id eft, Anonis. 
Arrenagonon, vide PhyHon. 
eArtemifia alba vel marinas 231 


Tonuifol.Euch, 653 

Vulgaris. 1103 

Lauendula fol. * ib. 
eArthantta,id eff Cyclamen. 
Arthretica, 78% 


Arum vulgare oF cE Zyptiacum, 
834 


wrundo vallatorias 36 
Cc ypria. ib. 
Fartta, ec. 37 
Saccharina, 38 
Florida. 39 
Lithofpermos. 88 

Afarum, $36 

Afarabaca,id eft, Afarum 

Afarina Matth. $36 
Lobelits 855 


Index Latinus 
Afcalonitides. 170 
Afclepias floalbo & nigros 898 
Afcyrum, 542 
Afpalathis, 1624 
Asparagus & eins fpec. IT1O.NLII. 

I1i2, 
eAlperula 1124 
Cerulea, ib. 
Afphodelus minCluf, 49 
Afphodelus cin{G, fpec. 2.9 3.dd. 97 
Afpleninm. 1140.1148 
Affafectida. 1007 
Affyria malus. 1463 
After Atticus & Ital, 486 
Conyxvides, 487 
Fiirfutus & mont. ib. 
Luteus fup. Ge. 7 488 
Marinus, 534 
AStragaloides 1239 


Afiragalus & cinfG, fpec. 1338-1239! 
1240, 


Marten Bat, 1627 
Syluaticus. 1237 
Aftrantia. 1002 
Affrantia aig he 978 
Athanafia. 651 
Atratlylis. II71 
Attragente : 886 
Atraphaxis,gr. Atriplex, 
Atriplex fatina. 324 
Sylucftris.325 .Gc.ad. 328 
Aunellana, 1438.1439 
Anera vefca @ nuda 75 
Assrantia malas, 1463 
Aurelia,vide Helichryfon, 
Auricomum,vide Shesbas citrina. 
jgricula nda, 1581 
Leporina. 608 
Maris. 337-639 
Auricula orf. 784.785.786. 
Axungiavitri. 535 
Axadarac, vel Axedarach, 1492 
B 
Aaras. 983 
B Baecharis Monspelienfinm, 790 
Balanus Myrepfica, 1400 
Balauftium. 1451 
Ballote. 702 
Ballamina mas foem. 362 
Balfamitaaltera fine later. 447 
Mas. & fem. 648 
Balfami fruttus. 1528 
Ballamum Alpinum Gefa. 1290 
Verum Alpini. 1528 
Barranas,vel Bannanas. 1516 
Baptifeculayid 5, Cyauns minor. 
Barba Capri, 1043 
Hires, 736 
Barbarea. 243 
Bardana maj. minor. 809 
Baruce. 3550 
Bafilicum. ' 674, 
Batata. 925 
Virginiana, 927 
Batrachion.gr.Rannnculys. 
Baucia, 1025 
Becabunga. 621 


Bechinm, 14 effyTuffilagoy 


Been,vel Ben album, 678 
rubrim Salamant, 602, 
Beidelfar Alpini, 899 
Bellis maior. 634 
Media & minor. 635.636 
Car#lea, 637 
Belvidere, 555 
Beneditta herba, 996 
Berbers, 1326 
Beretivus fruttus. 1548 
Berula, 625 
Beta albarub.cc. 319 
Syltest. Pline ? 418 
Betele,vel Betre. 1545 
Betonica. 734, 
AqGuatiche 715 
Fetida, Toos 
Pauli, 629 
Betula. 1478 
Betulus, 1479 
Buenas noches, 3552 
Bifolinm, 403 
Bipmella, 10445 
Bifacutum, - TO4t 
Biflingua, 909 
Bifmatua,id eft, Althea, 
Bifterta mai.c& min. 399 
Blaptifecuta,id eff ,Cyanus minor. 
Blattarias 777-778. 
Blechon.gr.Pulegium) 
Blitum.3200 325 
Spinofum, 2626 
Bolbonac, 464, 
Boletus vide fungus, 
Bombax, 908 
Booxa vide Faba hort. 
Bonifacia. 909 
Bonus Henricus. 329 
Borago. 797» 
Minima, ; $07 
Bosrys. 1108 


Branca vrfina.¥148.Germanica.t0o9 
Braffica cinf@, fpec.312.3313-0c.ade 
317 


Canina. 334 
Campest. 537 
Marina antiquorum. $39 
Usrgata Cordi. 272 
Brathy vel Brathys,grSabind 
Britannica, 400.401.4135 
Concha anatiferd. 1587 
Briza monococtos. 73 
Bromus flerilis & alt. 73 
Brunella vide Prunella, 
Brufcss,id eft, Rafts. 
Bryon gr. Mufens. . 
Bryonia.alba, - 869 
Mexicana fine Peruviana, 87%. 
Nigra 8730 
Bubonium, 499 


Buceres,id est fanum gracum. 
Bucraninm,id eff Antirrbinum. 
Bugloffa,vel Buglofltm, 798.799 


Hifpanicum. Sor 
Bugula. 635 
Bulbacaftanum 1064, 
Bulbanac,vide Belbgnac, 

Bulbus eriophorus. 120 

Bombicinus com, 122 


Buna, 


Buna. 1548 
Burhas fate 2358 
Splucstrise ibid. 
Bunism. 1064 
Buphthalmum, 746.747 
Bupleurum anguftifol, Alp. 517 
-. Anguftifol.& latifel, 608 
Burfa paftorts. 276 
Butomus, 45 
Barns, 1410 
G 
Acalia, 815 
Cacao, 1550 
Cachrys. Co Ke} 
Cattos. 1154 
Cacubalus Pliny. 615 
Cacilinnavide Sicilianas 
Caious, 1544. 
Cakile. 248 
(alambac. 1622 
Calamintha aquatica, 1684 
Montana,vnkgaris,5c. 687 
Calamagroftis. 7 
Calamus aromat.vere 63 
Falfits Offic. ibid. 
Spinofus Perunianus, 1179 
Calathiana verna G veras 437 
Ruelly. 433 
Calathiana Viola, 433 
Calearts flos,vide Delphininm, 
Calcealus Maria, 443 
Calcifraga, vide faxifraga. 
Calcitrapa. i 1166 
Calendula,vel CaltbRy 739 
Alpina. 740.742 
Africana. 750 
Calitricham. 1144.1146 
Caltha paluftris. 817.818 
Camelina. 273 
Camomillavide Chamemelum. 
Campana Carulea. 865 
Campanula. 450.45 1-452 
Cancamum, 1532 


Candela regia,vel Candelaria, 774 


Carella. 1552 
Canrabina mas, fam, 7h 
Cannabis mas,o fam 708 
Sparia. 709 
Sylueftris Diofcore 934. 
Cannacerns, 39 
Cantabrica, 590 
Capillusvencris. 1143. 1144.1146 
Capnos,or.Fumaria. 
Capparis. 895 
' Leguminofa. 897 
Caprifoliam,id eff,Periclymenum. 
Capficun. 364.365 
Capt monachi, 291 
Gallinacenm. 1243 


Cardamine einfG, pec. 259.260,76- 


Cardamomum. 1542 
Cardamumygr Nakurtium. 
Cardiacas 705 
Carduns atanlis. 1158 
Afininas. Ti73 
Benédisttus. Ii7t 
Calcitrapa. 1166 
Chryfanthemuse 155 


Index Latinus. 


Ericcephalus. 1152 
Fullonum, 1168 
Ferox. 1173 
Globofus. inst 
Lanceatus. 1174 
Latteus, fine Mari@, 1150 
Molise 1183 
Mufcatus. 1174 
Perunianus, 1156 
Sparocephalus. 1152 
Stelatus & folstitialis, 1166 
Vulgatiffimus Viarum, 1173 
Carex Dod, 45 
Carica. Ig1l 
Carlina.31§7 .1158.SyluefPriss 1159 
Carnabadion, 1034 
Carobe, 1429 
Carota. 1028 
Carpentaria. 633 
Carpefium quor. 1548 
Carpinus. : 1479 
Carpobalfamum, 1528 
Carthamus. 1169 
Carub,vide Carobe, 
Caruiyvel Carum. 1034 
Caryon,gr. Nu. 
Caryophyllata einfg, fpece 994.995. 
Caryophyllus aromaticus. 1535 


Caryophyllus flos,& eis (pec. varie- 


tat.d.p, §83,.4d. 597° 
Syluestris. 599600 
Marinus. 602 
Indicus, 75° 

Caryora vide Carota. 

Caffia,vel Cafia Poetica. 584 
Poct.Lobel. 1293. 
Ligned. 1532 
Nigra fine fistula. 1431 


Caffita,vel Caffutha, vide Gafeuta. 


Caftanea, 1442 
Equina,@ Peruana. ibid, 
Caftrangulas 717 
Catanance,> 425 
quorundam. 4941250 
Cataputia minors 503 
Maior, 496 
Cattaria. 683 
Caucafon deft, Moly Indicum, 
Cancalis cin{g, foec. Jo2r 
(anda equina,vide Equifetim. 
Muris.426.  Uslpise 87 
Canlorapum. 318 
Ceanothos. 4173 
Cedrelate, 1352 
Cedria. 1353 
Gedrus Libani, 1352 
Lycia, 1369 
Altera. 1375 
Celastrus. 1600 
Geltis. 1494 
Ceachrys, er, Milinm. 


Centanrium, vel Centaireas 


Magnum, 546 
Parvum. 547 
Centanroides 582 
Thaly : 714 
Centimorbia. 3 630 
(Centrum galli, 77° 
Centum capita. 1162 
Centumnodia. 565 
VIIIID 2 


Ceatunculus, 644, 
Cepa,vel Cepes 169 
Cepaa, 624 
Cerafis einfG [pees 1502.15 03,00 

ad. i507 
Ceratonia,vel Ceratia. 1429 
Cerefolinm fatioum oy Sls 1038 

Magnum. 1039 
Cereus Perusianus, II 79 
Cerinthe; 538 
Cerrts,vel Cerrus. 1345.13.46 
Ceruicaria. 450 
Ceslrum morionis. 46 
Ceterach, 


1140 
Charefolinm,vel Cherephyllongr. vide 
Cerefolinm. 


Chameatte,gr.Ebnlus, 

Chamebalanus, 1237 
Chamabuxus, 1597 
Chamacergfus, 1505 


Chameciffos,id eff, Hedera terref?. 


Chamacifius, 1284 
Chameacypariffus. 1109 
Chamedaphne, 895 
Ci hamedry. Se 656 

Sylnestris. 657 

Laci: ¢ itis fol. 527 
Chameficus, 1510 
Chamafilix mar, Angt, 1143 
Chamezenifta, 1313 
Chameiris, 56057258, 
Chameitca: 1391 
Chameleon albuss. 1157 

Niger. 1160 

Tabernamont, 4175 
Chamaleuce. 812 
Chamealinume 559 
(Chamamalas, 14e1 
Chamaemelume 954.745 

Sylucftre. 757 
Chamamefpiltr, 1as4 
Chamemorus, 1273.1630 
Chamanerion,Geln. 477 
Chameapericlywenum, 1298 
Chamapence. 1293 


Chamapitys einfa, Spec, §25:520:527e 
Chameaplatanns, 1425 


Chamarriphes, 1519 
Chamerododendroni 1407 
Chamealaa. 1402 
Germania. 1403 
Chamefyce. 50% 
Charantia. 363 
Chelidoniayvel Chelidonit minus.816 
Mains. 1069 
Chermes; he 
Cherua vide Ricints; 
China, 1618 


Cheradolethron,id eff, Xanthinm. 
Chondrilla eiufG, [pece 286.287,0C~ 


fpec.tertia Dode 494 
Christophoriana. 969 
Chryfanthermum latifolium Alpinum. 

74e 

Segetime 743 

Valentinum, thidé 

Alpinum. 744, 

Secund.Clafi. 744 

Creticum & BafitHie 745, 

Pernviani, 952 

sy ase Littor eng: 


| 


i. 


iy 
; 
4) 


nae, 


Littoreum. 534 
Ghryfocome,Col. 553° 
Capitulis.conglob. 646.647 
Chryfogonon, 992 
Chryfolachanon,i, Atriplex fatina. 
Cicer arietinum. 1222 
Sylaestre. 1223 
Cicerbita,id eff, Sonchus Lents. 
Cicercula. 1231 
Cichorinm,vel Cicorea. 281 
Syluestre. 284 
Spinofim, 283 
Uerracarizm, 289 
Cicuta, 1061.1062 
Cicutaria alba. 1039 
Palufiris ,& tenuifolia, 1063 
Cinamomum. 1532 
Cinara fatiua,c ‘file 1153 
Cineraria, 284 
Cinnamomum,vide Camo. 
Circea Luter. 351.352 
Cirfiem Maximum. 1181 
Mai. alt. 1181. Eins relique fpec. 
1182. 1183, 
Ciffos gr. Hedera, 


Ciftus eiHfG, Pec.1275.1276,ad.1281 
Ledon, face Ladanifera, 128 5-1286 
ad, 


. 1292, 

Citra LZ. 692 

Citrism malum. 1464 

Citrulus,vel Citrubus, 933 

Clavis,id oft ,Carrophyllus, 

Clematis altera Matth, 886 
Alt. flopleno Clap. 887 
Batica. 886 
Carulea- : 887 
Cruciata, 890 
Daphuvides, 864 
Pannonica, 899 
Urens, 888 
Trifolia,Bauh. 1591 

Cleoma,s. Ranencwlusflammens. 

Clinopodium Dodon. 671 
Usleare. 675 
Aljinum, Aaglicom & Asftria. 
cum.676.Odoratiff. 677 

Clymenon Tralorum, 543 
Turneri. 71s 

Cuxeoron, 1403 


Cafilpini. 15.98 Matth. 1596 
Cnicus,id eff, Cartbanus. 


Sylucftris. 171 
Coceigria,vide Cogkygria. AZO 
occas baphicus. 13.43 

Cuidins, 141.1403 

Oriental, 1545 
Cocculas Indus, ibs 
Coccymelen, 1512 
Cochenilia, 1512 
Cochlearia, 401 
Cochiophori,vide Cuchiophori, 

Coco, vel Cocus. 1522 
Cogeygria, vel C occigria, 1476 
Colchicum einfS, fbec.1s7.cecwada 64 
Colocafia, $34 
Colocyntais. O15 
Colophonia. - > 9361 

Cologuintida, 915 

Colubrina, 400.832 
Colas Lonis,769RUSti¢d, TI7I 


Index Latinus; 
Coluten cinfd, [pec., 1299,1300  Cre{pinus, 1326 
Colymbades, 1393 Crinongr.Lilium, 
Colytea,vide Colutea. Crifta Galli. To71 
Coma atred. 647 — Crithranm eiufg, fpec. Fees 
Comaros gr, Arbutus. quartum Marth, 7 te 5 
Concha anatifere, 1587  Crocodilium, TiGr 
Condrillayvide Chondrilla, Crocs fativus, 151 
Conferua Pliny, 1570 Vernus a.152.ad, 457. 
Coningalis. 1479 Hortenfis vel Sarg cenica. 1170 
Conion,gr.Cicttae Crocus Indicusid ef? ,Curcuma, 
Conixa,vide (onyxa, Cropiot. 1550 
Connarus, 1605  Croton,id ft, Ricings. 
Confiligo. 747 Cruciatarubig. 1123 

Reelly, ; 976 Gentiana, 433 
Confolida maiors 806 Cras galls, 23 

Media. 634 Cubcbe. 1548 

Minor, 633.637 eeeplanie, 1559 

Regalis. 1083 Cucubalus, 615 

Saracenica. 428 Cucumer,vel Cucumis, 910 

Saracen,Ger. 275 Afininus, vel agreftis, 912 
Connoloulus argentens. 862 Cucurbita ilneftris, 915 

Minor & minima, 861.862 Angusna & Lagenaria, 923 

Niger, 463 Lagener. Syluefpris, 924 

Caruleus. 964.865, Cominum,vide C: LYUsi tie 

Pennatus. , , 1598 Cunane, re 1556 
Conyza lula, Secva.p.481.adsp.485. Cunila, 577.667 

Mifor Matth. 79% Cunilego, ideS,Conyza, 

Cor /ndum, 342 Cuprelfts,vel Cypreffiss. 1367 
Coral Arbor. 1614 ©, upulatlandis. 1340 
Corallinas (157161572 Curchma.34.fig, 1631 

Alba Lobel. 1578 Curmi, 7% 

Montana, 1572 Cufeuta, 577 
Corallinm rubrum & nigrum, 15,75 Cyamos,gr. Faba, 

Album, 1576 Cjanus MAO minor co cHufy, Bec) 
Goralloides. 1576:1577 7326 733 
Corchorus, 676 © syclamen CinfGifpece $43,844 
Corculum Ferule, 1057 — Cydanago, 1606 
Coriandrum, TOI2Z” Cydonia mala. 1452 
Cores, 544 Cyxsbalaria, : 529 
Cornu cer vinim) 427 Cyrainum Athiopicam vel, Reginma, 
Covnits mas, 1466 1037 

Fem, 1467 Sativum, 1066 
Corona fratrums 1152 Sylucftre,& filiquofum. 1067 

Tmperialis, 202 Cynanchice, vide SJAanChicde 

Solis. 752  Cyxosrambe, enda3 

Terra, 856 ¢ ynoglofiuns & eins pec, 804 
Coronopus. 425.427.ex 00d, Cafar, C ynara,vide Scolymaus, 

1190, Cjyrorrhodos. 127% 
Corrigiola. 565. Cynofbaton, 1271.1274, 
Corruda, III2  Cynofarchise 205.206.207, 
Cortuji2, 788 Moro. 208.209 

, Corylus. 1438 © syperts cin. fpec. 30-31,32, 

eA afmofandalos, ty 443 Cyperus Iudicns. 33 

Coffa,Cam.305- (anid, 421 ig. 1631. 
Coftus hortortsms 649 © Spreffus.vide Cupreffis, 

Indicus @ Officin. 1620 Cyprus. 139401395 
Cotinw. 1476 Ojtinns. 1451 
(otonaria. 1644 Cytifits inf, pe.t304,1 305.44,1309 
Cotonafter, 1606.” Fragi, F940 
Cotonea mala: 1452 
Cotula fetida. iy bys D 

Cotyledon altera Diof, 511 vide Um= 
belicus Veneris. 

Coxco cypote. 1550 

Cracca masor & minor. 1228 


Crambe,gr Brafiica, 
Thatleffia,id eft, Soldonglia, 
Craffitla wsinor, 515 
Akaior. 519 
C (Al GOS One 91 


pe “15546 
Damafoninm Stellat,Ludg, 418 


Nothum. 443 
Matth742.vide Alifina. 
Daph ne gr Lair ns ‘ 
Daphnoides. $95-1405. 


Datura, id eff, Siremeninem perigria 
uBI. 
ie! Daucus 


Index Latinus. 


Daricus,fyl. 1023/1028 
Creticns, 1029 
Delphininm, 7083 
Dendromolaches 933 
Dens caninus, 204 
* Leonts, 291 
Dentaria bulbiferasenneaphyllos, Hep- 
taphyll, Gc « 984.985 
Maior & minor, Matth. 1585 
Dentillaria,Gefa. 485 
Rondeler. 1254. 
Diagridinm. 868 
Diapenfia, y 948 
Dittamuws, vel Ditlamnum, 797 
Digitalis purpalb. ce. 790 
Dionyfia, id eft, Hedlera. 
Dipeadi,vide Mufcari. 
Dipfacusfativus & fyl. 1167 
Diptamnum Offic. 1246 
Dolichus. 1216 
Dorec. 43% 
Doronicum. 6 


Cluffirgan. EiifG, pes. 759-7 90» 
oc 


Dorycnium Monfpel. 


1309 
Cefalpini & Plateau. 1597 
Draba,Dod.265.Diofcor. 274. 
Alt Cluf, ibis 
Draco arbor. 1523 
Herba, 249 
Sylueftr. 607 
Dracontia, vel Dracontiums 400 
Mains & minas, 831 
Dracunculus Hort. 249 
Dodonai, 400 
Aquatics. : $32 
Drakenaradix,G ei affintse 1621 
Dryopteris. 1135 
Nigra Dod. ' 1137 
Drypis. 1112 
Drys,er, Quercus. 
ae : <“e5c 
Dulcichinam. Y 32 
Duleis radix deft. Ghye cyirbizde 
E 
Bulas, i 426 
_. Echinomelocattoss 1177 
Echinm palustre. 337 
German. {pinofum Fuch, 792 
Uuleare. 802 
Vlore Pullo co rubro. ibi. 
¥leagnas Cordie 414 
Elaphobofcuns. 1025 
Elatevide Palma. 
Elaterium, 933 
Elatine. 625 
TertiaTab. iz50 


Eleagnos Cordi, idest, Myrtus. Bra- 
bantica. 

Elelifphacos,ideft,Salsia. 

Eliocry fim. 645 

Eliofelinum, 1014 

Elephantis pediculus, i. Anacar dizi, 

Elleborastrum, vide He elleboraster. . 


Elleborine. 950 

Elleborus albis, vide Helleborus. 4 

Empetrum, 569 
Phacojdes. 507 


Endiuia, videCichorium, 


Exephyllon. 404, 
Enula campanas 793 
Ephedra. LI16 
Ephemerum Marth, 492 

Diofcoridis,Col. 791 
Epilobion Gefneris 476 
Epilinum, 577 
Epimedium. 480 
Epimelis. 1455 
Epipathis. 442.956 
Evifiabe. 578 
Epithymum. 574 
Epithymbrum: 578 
Epiurticas 577 
Eguapinm. 1o1g 


Eqsiferum vinfg, pec. 1113. i174, 
TII5- 

Evanthemum,id oft flos Adonis. 

EBribinthos,gr.Cicer, 


Erica ® cis varia (ptc. 1386.1384. 
Ge.ad. a 1386. 
eAlexanarina,Lob. 1596 

Qusreros j 5 

Evigeron. 78. 27 Je 
Marinam; “201. 


Erinatea (laf, 
Evififceptron, iol eS, Cyperus. 


Erixambac. 97 
Eruangina, ideft, Orobanche, 
Eracafateey fyl. 247 
Nasturtecognat. ib. 
Marin. aquate 248 
Murals Dal. 275 
Peregrine Cantab. 278 
Erucago eApula. 277 
Eruilia. i249 
Eruum fativumCordt. 1231 


Album far. Fuch. ib. Syl. 1249 
Eryngium & eins fpece 1162.1163, 
T164, 


Uersti. i156 
Efyfimum. * 254 

Cereale. 89 
Erythrodanum 1120 
Efela. §01.502.503. 

Indica: 899 
Enforbium,vide Euphorbisim. 
Enfragia,cide Euphrafia, 
Enonymos Theoph. 1468 
Enpatoriam Mefie. . 649 


Auicenne fine Cannabinum tas 

fem7i1.  Unlgare. 712 
Exphorbium. 17 
Enphragia fine Euphrafia rubra,alt. 

‘Dod. 92. Carulea. 337 

Alba fine vulgaris. 663 
Exphrofinum. 797 Euphrofjne.663. 
Exulavide E ifitla. 


iE 
i Aba hort. & fils 1209 
F Cra. 519 
cL gipte 1552 
Lots failla five lupina, 355 
Veterumferratis folis. 1628 
Fabago. 8 97 
Fabaria. 519 
Fagara. 1548 
Fagi,ved Fago-triticum, 89 
TINIIT 3 


Eagopyrum idem, 
Fagus, 


Far es 
Farraga, ag 
Farfara,id eff, Tuffilago, : 
Farfarus.(i.) Populus alba, 
Fafelus,id eff, Fab.t, 
Fafeolus vide Phafeoles, 
Fanfel. 
Febrifugae e i” 
Fel terre, 58 
Ferram equinzg 2 
Perula, ia i : 5 
Ferulago. Bh 
Festuca Ltalica, , 
Altera Dod; se 
Ficaria minor. ge 
Ficus. I510 
EL ype : 1509 
Inxfernalis; 72 
Phareonis, toon 
Tidica, 1g5iz 
Vidica Theoph ; I 5 14 
Filego, 642.644, 
Filicula, 1133 
Petraa. I14z 
Filipendula erufg, pec. 1 058-1059, 


Filius ante patrem,id eft, Lyfimachia 
Siliquofa,guibufdamC olchicum,nons 
nullis Taffila 100. 


Pili mas, & fark, 1128 
Florida. 1132 
Pumila fox, 1134 
neg ils corniculata. 1564 

Fistici. 

Fiftularia, phe : 

FlamulaTowis furretlag + $88 
Oulgaris. 96z 

Flos Adonis. 387 
Aphricanut. 749:75 06 
Amberualis. 564 


Creticus,C. onfeantinop,vel Hierofo- 


in, 467 
Cuculi,vel Cornicts. 600 
Frimentorum, 
Paffionis. ee 
Regis. 1083 
Solis mdiors 75% 
Solis pyramidalit. 753 
Minor. 1285 
Tinttorius. 1a 
Fiuida Gaza,id eft Rhus, . 
Faniculum marinum, 534 
Uulgare. 103% 
Porcinum. 1055 
Fenum Burguadiacum. 1189 
Fanum gracum fat. & fyl, 1196 
Folium Indum, 1535 
Fontalis. $23 
Fontilapathum Lob; 823 
Fragaria@ Fraga: 997 
Frangelt, 1469 
Fracxinella, i245 
Fraxinw34a7t Bubild montana, 
vel fyliestris. 1472, 
Frisilaria ciafg, fpec. 149.150 


Fruttis Indici cp perigrint.1547. cs 
ad. 1556 
Frumentum Amyleimbo. Turcicum 
Afiaticumfinelndicum. 81.82 
Erutex 


Frutex marinusreticulatus, 1617 
Fucus herba. Sor 
Marinus Phafganoides. 1570 
Sprngiofus nodofits, ib, 
Marin.tennifoli#s. 1573 
Ferulaceus ib, 
Fuga demonum. 541 
Fumaria. 1088 


Bulbofa fine Tuberofa, 1090.10 ot 


Fumes terra, ib, 
Fungus efculentus. 1579 
Lethalis, 1580.158K 
Fufauum. 1469. 
Fufiss agreftis. 417% 
G 
alanga maior ,& minor. 33 
Se lan 1056 
Galedragon, 1168 
Galega. 1252 
Galeopfis vera. 704. 
Quorundanr 715 
Lutea, 979° 
Galla 1348 
Gallitrichum, 768.770 
Gallium album & leteum. 1126 
Rabrum & mont, 1127 
Garipot. 1361 
Garofmus. 
WY alsa aryophy lata. 
Garyophillon Pliny. 1610 
Garyophylles vide Caryophylus, 
Gedwar,vel Geiduar. 1623 


Gelfeminum rubrum alterum, 1598+ 
Genifta cing, bec, 1311.1312.1313 
Spinofum eins [Pc0.1319,13205 
Geniitellacin{G, [pec 131651317. 
Aculeata. 1320. 
Gentiana cinfg, Sec. 432.4330. 


Gentianeha. 436.437- 
Geranium argenteum Alp. 947 
Anglicum varieg, 948 
Batrachivides. 942 
Baticum. 1626 


Bulbofiem.940. Bulbofum Pen.o47 
Cituta-folio, 945 
Creticum, 946, Columbinum. 938. 


indicum. 948 
Malacoides , 943 
Mofcatum, 941 
Maculatum. 945 
Nodofism. 497 
Robertianum. 939 
s Angui nar inne. 945 
Violac.tb. Saxatile. 938 
Geum Alpinum, 739 
Gingtber, 61 
Gingidiuns, 1042 
thi. Nigella. 
Bien, # 1085 
Gial catamer. 378 
Gladiolus palustris. 29 
Lacustris, 105 
Narbou.& Ital. To4 
Glaus Berctina. 1548 
Unguestaride 1491 
Gliffum. 490 
Glascium 3720346 
Glanxexigna warns 562 


ndex Latinus, 

Diofcor. 1242 
Glechon, gr Puleginm. 
Globularia, 637 
Glycypicron, gr. Amara-duleis. 
Gheyrrhiza, 1302 
Gheyfide,gr.P wonia. 
Graphalinm Trag. 29 


Uulgare cit/G, (bec. 639.640. ad. 
644. 


4 . 
Goffipium vel Goffypiam, 90% 
Gramen prat mains o mints. 2 
Album, 3 
Xe erampel, 3 
Durivfiulum. 4 
Lunceum. 4 
Segetum, 5 
rund, 5 
Miliaceum, a 
Mai.aquate eh v 6 
Sorghinnm, - hg 
Arund. panical, : 7 
Arund.min, Ser San 3 
Toment, Senies 9 
Pan.elegans, 9 
Syluat.mai.S minus, 9 
Alopencrum, 1o.5I 
Typhinum, 12 
Cyperoides, Iz 
Lunc.aquate 32.21.22. 
Aquat, 13 
Flaviat, 14 
Genicul. 15 
Panicenm. 16 
Echinatum, 17 
Exile hirft 17 
Cap.glob. 28 
Hirfnem. 19 
Cyper. 19 
Spicat. 20 
Cyper. 2122.29.30. 
Caninum, 23.24:25.26, 
Striatum, 26 
Manna, 29 
U chan. 28 
Aten. 29 
Murorum: 29 
Cristatum. 29 
Secalinum. 29 
Spic Brizee 29 
Lanatum. 30 
Lolmin. 30 Tunc.Lencanth. 30 
Spart.min 30 
Spic.aspera. 30 
Scoparisie 30 
Toment. 31 
Plumofum. 43 
Leucanthemsum,Dod. 47 
Lupuli glumis, 86 
Marinsm fine Polyamhemum, 603 
Pernaffi. 840 
Granadilla Pernana, 1591 
Granatum. 1451 
Grantmkermes veltinclorinm, 1342 
Paradifi, 1542 
Gratia Dei, 4581 
Fuch, 943 
Gratiola citsfG, fees 581 
Groffislaria. 1324 
Rubras 1593 
Groffits. 451 


Gruinalis, 


940 
Guaiacum Indicum, T61t 
Pataninum, 1495 
Guanabanus. 1550 
Guayana- 1613 
H 
Hitiecens 2 Vel Halicacabum 
342. 
Hides 523 
Harma/lz, 1255 
Harundo vide Artundo, 

HaStula regia, 94. 
Hedera Corimsbofa, 858 

Helix, ‘ sbid, 

Cilicia, 86a 

Spinofa, 860 

Saxatilis & Terreftyss, $56 

Virginiana, 357 
Hederula aquatica, 830 
Hedyofinus,gr, Mentha, 

Hedypnois. 28 

Heayfarum & eins Spec 1233.1 234, 
1235, 

Helexizm, 

Odorum The, bh. rg 4 
Helyanthemum, 1282,1282 
Hi eliecry fon. 645 
Heliotropium. 334. 335 

Minus, 3 7 

Indicun. 753 
Helleboraffer. 976 
Helleborine. 442 
Helleborus albus: 440 

Niger 976+978, 

Niger ferslacens, 746 
Helxine (+) Parietarig; 

Cifampelos Dod, 863 
Hemerocallis, 99 

Valentina. 173 


Dodonei, 197 
Maced,1.ob,200.F lo wnbcinfd.197 
Hemionitis, 1138 
Hepatica alba Cordi. 840 


Terveftris ftellara& Petraa. 1 565 
Nobilis. 


1203 

Hepatorism,vide Evpatorium. 
Heptaphyllon Clufii. 988 

» Onlgare, ideft, Tormentilla, 
Herba Agyptia. 700 
Anatum, $29 
B enedith > 92 6 
Cancri. 336 
Gattariz, 683 
Coxendicum; 529 
ria, 431 
Fortis. 428 
Gerardi. 1001 
Ginliz. Sees 
Greca, ibid, 
dmpia. 642 
Iudiaca. 689 
Lafislata. 649 
Margarita, 637 
Mirsofa, _ 1599 
Paralyfis fine Sti,Petri,’ 1782 
Paris. 405 
Pedicularis, a 


Res 
Palicarss' y 


Pulicaris. 587 
Roberti. 939 
St.Cunequude, 71I 
Stella, 428 
Studioforum. 555 
Terribilis. 507 
Turca, 569 
Tunica. 599 
Trinitatis. 1203 
Venti. 378.385.701. 
Hermodaitylus Matth. 104 
Officin, 164. 
Herniaria, 569 
Hejperts. 462 
Hieracium minimum Claf: 289 
Arborefe.palustris, 295 
Mains,minus Fc. 296.2 97- Ce, 
ad, 303 
Latifol.horte/. 305 
Stellatum, Medio aigrum,& lano- 
fum. 1625 
Higuerro. 1545 
Hippia. : 615 
Hippoglaffium,mas. & fem. 908 
Valeatinum Clot. 507 
Hippolapathum, 388.389 
Hippomanes, 349.372 
Hippofelinum, 1019 
Agreste. 1024. 
Hipparis,vide Equiferum. 
Hirculus, 1079 
Hircé triticum. 89 
Hirundinaria minor. 815 
Maior. Vide Afclepias; 1070 
Holcus Plini. 73 
Holoftenm,vel Holoftium Matth. 4 
Sdlamant.e parvum. 423 
Ruelly, 47 
Creticnm, 424. 
Lacuna, 63? 
Petrenm, 1561 
Hordeum diftichon. 79 
Polystichon, mree. 
Nidum, 72 
Spurium. 73 
Uftum. 77 
Horminum {atioum. 768 
Syluefire. 769+774 
Hyacinthus Poet. Lob, 102 
Stellaris, iob 
Lir:fol. 107 
Vavie [pec.a 106 ad 120. 
Hydrolapathnum, 389 
Hydropiper. ; 445 
Hyofeyamns eit. fhe.353+ Gead.359 
Hyofires, 285 
Hypecoum chf. 1067. Masth.937 
Hypericum & fpece 539-540-541 
Hypocaris. 289 
Hypocistis. 1275 
Hyffopordes vel Hiffopifolia. 581 


Hyffopus Guilland.552. Arabam. 579 


I 
Jacea nigra eiuf a, (Pec. 7270728 
Tricolor. 855 
Tacobea 28 fe) 
Talapimm, vel Gelapuras 873 


Index Latinus. 


Tafminum Mexicanunt, 344 
Albun. 89 
Luteum. 893 
Arabicum. 1400 

Therts cardimantica, 253 

Tbhiga,t. Chamapitys, 

lbifous. 934 

Tgnames. 926 

- flex coccigera, 3342 
Muior. 1344 

Jilecebra. 517 

Tnnpatiens herbs. 447.264 

Imperatoria, 1OOX 

Inguinalis. 490 

Larybum vel Intibus fat. 282 
Sylueftris. 283 

Tuulavide Enula, 793 
Raftica. 807 

Lon, gr. Viola. 

Tous barba. 511 
Flos. 1095 
Glans. 1443 

Iphion. 96 

Trio. 254 

Tris Vulgaris. ( 50 
Eiufg fpec. a. 51.ad. 59 

Tris bulbofie csufG, [pec.a. 99, dd. 102 
Tuberofa. 103 

Tfatis fatina G fyl. 491 
Sylalt. 492 

Ufchemon. 27 

Uchas. 55 

Zfopyron,Col. 1095 
Quorund. S194 


Trea,gr. Salixs 
Tuaarthretica,id eff, Chamapitys. 


Mofchata, eadem. 
Tucca Peruana. 1543 
Tuglans. 1440 
Tuinbe. 150 
Inncarid. WII5 
Innes acutus, lavis OCo 35 
Bombicinus. 29 
Marinus graminews. 44 
Oderatus, ib. 
Floridus. 29 
Capit .Equifeti fig- 1631 
Luniperus ein{G, pec. 1372 
Sterilis. 1629 
Lufguiamus (id oft) Hyoftyamus. 
Ixide 13 
K 

Airi,vide Keri. 

Kali ciufq, {pecs 535 
Kaye baka. 1554 
Keyri. 457 
Kermes. 1342 
Kiki. 497 
Knawel, 566 

L 
Ablabvide Leblabe 
Labrum Veneris. 1168 


Labrujca.id eft, Vitis fyluefiris. 
Labarnuy. 
Lagca, 


Lachryma Tobi &3 
Lattuca agreftis. 309. Crsfpa. 306 


Sat Oe. 307. Montana purp, 295 
ed gnina. 310 
Ladanum, 1291 
Segetum Dalech, 699 
Lagopus & eins fpec, 1192.11936 
be album, luteum, 702 
Rub Pannon, 7 
Lampfana Dedon. ‘ ne : f 
Lanaria. 774 
Lancea Chrifti, 404 
Laxcealata. 422 
Lanifera filiqua. 1552 
Lantana. 1490 
Lapathumewnfg,fpec. 383. 380.c&cs 
Lappa inuerfa, 712.810, 
Maior & minor, 8ro 
usinors 1122 
Larix. 1365, 
Laferpitinm. 1006 
Lathiris. 5°03 
' Lathyrus & eins sec. i220 
cAEStivus && ¢ius var. 1628 


Lanandula vel Lanendula, 583.584 
Lauer, vide Sium, 
Laurea-cerafia, vel Lanro-cerafus 


1603 : 
Laureola. 1405 
Laurus Alexandrinae 909 

Uuloaris. 1407 

Tinus, 1409 

Rofea. 1406 
Leitipes,id eft, Clinepodinm, 

Ledum Alpinum. 1290 

Silefiacum. 1288 
Legumen pallidum. 1627 
Lens: paluftris, vellacufirts 829. 

Maior & minor. 1224 
Lenticula. 1224 

Marina, 1615 
Lentifcus. 1432 
Leo carduus. 4173 
Leonts pes. 237 
Leont opetalon. 236 
Leostopodium Long 337 

Creticum. 424 

Parvum. 642.643 
Leontoftomium. 1095 
Lepidium AA gin. 245 

Annunm, 242 

Main, 642 

Parvum. 643 

Quorundam, 1254 


Leprocaryon,td eft, Nu Auelana. 


Lencanthems. 956 
Leneanthemam, 757 
Leucas. 655 
Leacographis. 1150 
Leucotum bulbofums 147.148 

Album. 458 

Lutreum. 456 Marin, 460.461. 


‘Melancholicum.463\Mont. 466 


S, rylueftres 457- 
Spinofum. 458: 
Leucolachanon. 31 : 
Leuconarcif[alirion. ; 146 
er, id eff, Albuem piper. 
Lencopsper hao 


SS eet ga ee ea ao cig eee eg eee 


Lesifticume 1008 
Libanotis coronaria. 1293 


Perulacea, & Theophrafti. IOlo 


Lichen arborum, 1566 

' Marinus. 1567 

Lignan Alves, 1622 

Lapidewm. 1587 
Ligufticum, 1008 
~“TMatth, 1049 
Liguftrum, 11394 
Album Poetarum, 863 
Nizrum, 865 

Lilae,vel Lillech. i4or 

Liliago Cardi, 49 

Liliaftrum, 9g 

Liliafphodelys. ib. 

Lilionarciffus (id es DT alipa, 

Lilium album.1o0..Aureum, 192 
Now bulbofum. 99. Rubrum. 192, 
Cruentum. 193 
Purp.194. Mfontanum, 4 96 
Byzant. 197 
Rub. Angufp., 199 
Mort flo. flat, 200 
Perficum, 201 

* Connak, 410, Later fpinas:3 94 

Limnefion, 582 

Limodoron, vide Orobanche, 

Limones, 1464 

Lithonium verum Arti, 417 
Vulgare. ab 6 
Gefueri, 400 

Limonio congener. 412 

Limonitm malum, 1462 


Ligaria Cin[G, fPeced. D. 50.44.55. 
Hedere folio Col, z 


. 529 
~ Minor éftina, 1626 
Lingua Anis, 1472 

Bubula. 797 
Bonis, 799 
Canis, 8b5 
Certtiina, 1139 
Pagana. 909 
Pafferina. 555 
Serpentis, fine Onluerarig. 404 
Linofyris. x 553 
Linum vulgare. 556 
Pratenfe Cordi, 29 
- Sylueft.cinfZ, Spec. 558.560 
Ligueritia, 1302 
Liriasphodelus, 99 


Lirion.or Lilium. 
Lirionarcifjies,id oft Lilionareifjus. 
Liriafhodelus, id est, Likiafphodelus. 


Lithospermum einfi G, pec. 609 
Minus,Dod. 555 
Lobus echinarus. 1554 
Lobinm album & rubrum. 78 
Lornchitis prior Aldroandis 104 
Asfera. 1140 
Lops arbor. 1493.3404. 
Lorus herba,incana, I¥91 
Quadrifolia. 1198 


Seltqu 


4a quadr Trifolia corniculata, 


1195 
1584 
1202 

405 


Lucernaruimfangte 
Litisla,vel Lugula, 
Lunaria minors 


~ Madex Latinus. 
Graca. Te 464, 
Afpera, 466 
Maior, 1132 : 
Lupicrepitus, ; I 584 
Lupinus & eins, fhec; 1217 
Lepulus vel Lupus Salittarius, 885 
Syluat.Thaly, 1186 
Latea, vel Lutentm,Lutcola, Lutum, 
494 
Lychuis fatiac. 469 
Sylein(g, Spec. 469.4700. 
Chaleedonica. 466 
Sylnef.1.3.4. Clufe 6or. 
Lychnoides fegetum. 1086 
Lycium. ‘ 1332 
Italicum,. 1337 
Lycottonum. 971972 
Lycoperficum. 346 
Lycopodium. — 1564 
Lycopfis Anglica. Sor 
Lycostaphylos C ordi. 1425 
Lyfimachta ciu{g, fpecies.47 4.0, ad, 
480, 
Galericulata minor. 582 
M 
Acaleb, 1397 
Macis, 1537 
Macocks Virginians, 916 
Macropiper,id eff piper longum. 
Mag ydaris. 1007 
Moatorana hort. Anglica. 664. 
Sylusstris, 666 
Maiz,vel Mais, 83 
Malabathrum, 1535 
Malaguetavel Millegeta. 1542 
Maticorinm, 451 
Molixathalla Theepe 32 
Belloni;, 345 
Maltum, 71 
Malna eHtina: 931 
Crifpa. ib. 
Horaria. 937 
Hortenjis. 928. 
Rofea. 928 
Prrpurea, 929 
Sylucft, 930 
Verbenaca. 931 
Malua Vifcw,id et, Malua Ibifcus. 
Malu Aithiopicum. 347 
Arimeniacum. 1449 
Cotoneumsfine Cydoneum, 1452 
Granatume 1451 
Infanum. 345 
Medicum. 1462 
Perficum. 11447 
Pracox, 1449 
Peuicum. 1451 
>) Spinofum. 48 
Terra. 45, 
Vulgare fativum, 3416 
Malus Carbonariasec. 1459 
Sylacirts. 1461 
Medica, Limonia. 1462 
Arantiad Affyriacae 1463 
(Marsocramas & fem. 1600 
Mandragoras, Theopbr. 34z 
Mis & femina. 352 


Maracoc, 1592 
Marathram,gr.Eweniculum 
Marrubiam album,Ge, 693 
Aquaticum. maece'e) 
Aquat acutum, Too5, 
Nigrum, 7o1 
Martagon, 193.197 
Pomponeum 200 
Mare. 539 
Marum, 670 
Mastiche, 1432 
Mater herbarum, 1103 
Matricaria. 652 
Matrifalsia, 779 
Matrifylua. Sor 
Mechoacan, 873 


Mecon,gr. Papaner. 


Medica frutta cochleato Binofo. 1199 
Marina, ‘ 


1200 
Medica mala. 1462 
Mediam. 448 
Mehenbethene, 1522 
Mel frugum. 85 
Melampyrum albuns,eo, 


99 
Melanopiper.id eS, Piper nigram, 
Melangenavel Melanzana: 345 
Melanthinm cin(g, Pecies, 168 4.1085 
Meleagr ts flosvide Fritilaria, 
Melegheta vel Malaguera, 


I 

Melica, ¥ 

Melilotus & eins fpec. 1 204.1205, 
1206. 

Meliff cinfg, Sec. 689.690 

Malucha lant sr Spin, 69% 

Meliffophyllum,vide Meliffa. 

Melo, 9017 
Saccharinus, Hi ifpanicus: ib, 
Uirginian.aquatici. 925 

Melocattos, fine melocarduns eching- 

tHs. 3177 

Melopepon. 918 

Mentanthe , vide Trifolium’ paludo~ 
fam. 

Mentha fativa einfg, Bec, 680 
Cattaria, 682 
Syl. aquat. 684 


Corymbifera, Gre. Savacenica.bag 
Mentaftram. 


684 
Mercurtalismas & frm. 332 
Caninavel fil, 333 
Sylal.Trag. 447 
Mefpilas arenia. 1454, 
Sativa. 4453 
Metelvel methellz sux. 348 
Menm, 1052 
Mezxereon, 3402.1403, 
Militaris aixoides, $26 
Milium, 80 
Indicam. 83 
Sylaat Tab. 92 
Solis, 610 
Millefolum aquaticum. 827.828, 
Terreftre. 1072 
Latenm & nobile, 1073 
Millegrana. 569 
Millemor bia. ay £7 
Mimmulus, vide Nummulus. 
Mirabilia Peruv. 303 
: Molle. 


Molle.vel Molli. 


1530 

Maollugo. 1127 

Molochia. 691 

Moloches 937 

Moly Virgin. Bashini. 49 
Diofcoridis. 183 
Serpent. Homeric. ib. 
Lndscum. 184. 
Latifol flan.185. Min 185 
Narciff-fol, ‘ 186 
Montanum, 187 

Molybdexa, 1254 

Momordica. 362 

Monophyllon, 409 

Moretlasy.S olanum. 339 

Morion,vide Mandragoras. 

Morfus Diabolir 726 
Gallina. 617 
Fol.bederule, 617 
Rana, 818 

Morus alba ce rub. #1507 

Multibonas Iol6 

Mungo. 1548 

Mufa,Mofavel Mux. 1595 

Mufcari, 120 

Mufcata Nax. 1537 

Mufcatella. To90 

Mufcipula altera, 494 
Lob Ge. 60% 

Mufcns quernns. 1558 
Terrestrts. 1559 
Marinus, 1571 
Capillaris. 1559 
Corniculatus. 1561 
Clanatus. 1562 
Denticulatns.s5 61.6% craniohum, 
1563. 

Pilicinus. i564 
Pyxidatns. 1560 
Ramofus. 1560 
Stellaris. 1563 

Muftum, ‘ 877 

Myacantha,idest, Afparagus } 

Myagrum. 273 

Myos otis {corpivides, 337 
Oura, vel oures. 427 

Myrica. 137951385 

Myriophyllon. 28 
Mayinum, 1616 

Aerifiiea BUX. 1537 


Myrobalani Bellerice , chepul, Gc. 
1500. 

Myrrhida,P lin. id eft, Geranttm muf- 
catun, 


Myrrhis ALquicolorums 1038 
Vulgaris. 1039 
Paria. ibe 

Myrtillus German. 1417 

Myrtociftus. 1279 

Myrtus Agria. 907 
Batica Latifolia, Gq4it 
Batica Syluestris.s I4giz 
Exotica. 1412 
Brabantica. 1414 
Frutkualbo. iqiz 
Laurea mas I4ir 
Minors 14i2 

MM. yaa. 1499 


Index Latinus. 


N 


iy anil Napea. 1605 
Napellus. 972 
Napus. 236 
Sylucstris. 1b. 
Narciffiss,& eius Hecies ap. 123. Ad. 
P:137- Tertius Alitth. 173 
Nurdus,vel Nardum. 
Celrica vera. 1079 
Celtica Alpina. 740.742 
Cretica,vel rusticas 1078 
Tudica,vel fpica nardi. 10380 
Montana, 1079 
Narbonenfis, 1080 
Narontca Radix,id et. [ris, 
Nastos, 37 
Nafturtinm horten{é. 250 
Hispanicum, 251 
Petranm. ib. 
Hibernum. 243 
Lndicum. 252 
Sylucfre. 253 
Aquaticum. 257 
Aqtat mints. 261 
Natrix, 1323 
Neanphar,vide Nymphaea. 
Nepa. 3321 
Nepetavnle, 683 
Verde 688 
Nerion. 1406 
Nenroides. 418 
Nicotianaidest,Tabachm. 356.358 
Nidus Anis, > 1228 
Nigella. 1084.1085 
Nigellaftrum. 1087 
Noli me tangeres 447 
Niaces infane. 1548 
Nuclei pinei, 1355 
Nacula terreffris. 1065 
Tndicaracemofae 1554 
Namumularia. 630 
Nemmulus Plin. Jo7% 
Nax methel. 348 
Indica. 1522 
Auelana, 1438 
Byzant. 1439 
Mofcata. 1537 
Perfica,vel Regia. 144u 
Poxtica fine Preneftina. 1439 
Veficaria. 1437 
Vomica & parg. AT 
Nymphaa alba, lutea maior. 819 
Alba,& lut minors 820 
Parka. 818 
Oo 
Chrus,Ochrayvel Ochrum.1249 


Ocimaftram, vel Ocymafiram. 


474 . 
Alterum, 


Valentinum,Cluf. 
Ocimum vel Ocymum. 
Sylucftre. 
Ocimorses,vel Ocymoides rep 
Ocalarts 


679 
694 
673 
$75 
eas, 474. 
663 


Oculus bouis.746, (briffi. 


Odontitis Tab. “¢ Z 
Ocnanthe aquatica, 1060 
Matth, 1065 
Ocnopliae 1605 
Olea fatina filucft. 1392 
Oleander, 1406 
Sylueft. Mycon, 1596 
Oleaffer,velOleaftrum. 1393 
Olecaftellus,aut Olinela I40k 
Okbannm, . 1436 
Olus album, 31E 
Atraum. oI? 
Fifpanicum, 330 
OlfenichiumGordi. 1020 
Onobrychis440» G eins pec. 1244, 
1245. 5, 
Quoriundam, 325 Z 
Onocleia, Sor 
Ononis. 13.22.1323 
Onopordon, 1147 
Onopyxos. 1173 
Oxofma. 80% 
Ophiogboffum. 404% 
Ophiofcoridom 18k 
Ophrise 403 
Opinm. 400 
Opabalfarsur. 1529 
Opopanax. 1003 
Opulus. 1425 
Opuntia, 1513. Marina. 15678 
Orchis einfg, Sec. a. p. 2054 ad.pr 
228, 
Oreofelinum, IolS 
Origanum eixfG, pecs 666 
Oriza,vel Oryza, 79 
Orminumvide Horminnm, 
Ornithogalum maius,Clufe 97 
Vulg.alt lute & 


Pan. Hifpan,oe. 


5. 
166.467,4 682) 


Ornithopedium, 1248 
Ornus. 1473 
Ordbanche. 13111312 
Orobus Herbariorum. 1225 
Venetas, fyluations & montanus, 
1247.12484 : 
Orontinm. $59 
Orualla. 778. 
Orukoria. 1550 
Ofmmnndaregalis, 1135 
Os mundi Tragi, 3228 | 
OStzoaellon. 807 
Oftrya. 144¢ 
Ofyris vide Linariag 352 
Orhonua. 755 
Oxalis vale. 3963397 
Tuberof, ibs Ter, eee 
Oxyacantha. 3325 
Theophraftis 1603 
Oxyacanthus, 1327 
Oxycedrus. 1374 
Oxylapathums 383 
Oxymyrfine. 907 
Oxyphanix,vide Tamarindi. 
Oxys Plin. 120% 
Oxy[chanos,vide Inncns ACHHS 
Oxcyeriphyllors dig 


Padus 


a a RT ceeacecapmgea ne OE 
Index Latinus, 
8 —. 
Padus Theophraftig 1505 Peréfterion, id eff Verbena, Piftolochia, 847 
Paonia cinfG, (pec. 680,982  Perfeaarbor, 1606 Uirginiana fiue Cretica. 848 
Pala d’ Agulae 1623 Perfica malas ° 1447 Pifum vulgare & einf, [pecs 1219, 
Palinrus. 1336 Per ficaria. 445 1220. 1221, 
Palma. 1517 Repens. 446 Gracorum Tragi. 1231 
Hamilis. 1519 Siliguofa. ibid. Marinum Anglicum, 1251 
Palma Chriffi, fine Satyrium palmatum Perforvata,vel Perfonatia, 810 Quadratum, 1108 
220.221.¢c, Perninca, 894  — Maculatum, 1628 
Chrifti maior, 496 Pes Anferinus, 328 Pitwitaria. 495 
Palma Saccharifera. 1554 Alexandrinus, 759 Pix liqnida, 1362 
Palma pinus, + 1519 Afininns, — 796 Plantago aquat, 417 . 
Paludapinm. 1014 Columbinus. 938 Alpina, ¥ oho 
Panaces,vel Panaxe Gallinacens,fixepulli. 1023 Latifolia, 419 
Afelepium, y057 - Leonis, 949 Rofea. 420 
Chironenm, 1285 Leper ise 1193 Quinquenervia {422 
Goleni, 1ooy _ Uituli. 834 arin. 423 
eraciabs. 1603 Petafites. 814 Platanaria; 45 
“Pancrativm mar. 172.173 Pet rofelinum vulgare, : 1013 Platanns, 1489 
Panicum eits(G, hece $4.85 Macedonicum Fach Galt. 1016 Platanus, vel Plantdnus Indoruz, 
Panis cuculi. 1202 Alexandrinunm. 1olg 1516, 
Porcinus.345.5St.Loan, 1429 Caninum, 1064 Plumbago, 447 
Papas Peruvianorum, 927 Petum. 356.358 Rondel, 3254 
Papaner cornutum. 367  Penoedannm, 4053-1054 Prenmonanthe, 438 
‘Sativoum, 369 Phacos,gr. Lens. j Podagra lini. s 578 
Sylueftre, 400 ‘Phalangium einfg, species. 47. 48. Podagraria German, 1002 
1 Rheas. 40% 49. Polemoninm palust,Gefft 1582 
hie ie Spinofium ibid, & 1156, Phalaris far.c Syl. 86.87 Alternia. 679 
i Spwiseum, 679 Phallus Adr.Luny. 1583 Fruticans. 1310 
it Heracleum Columnés 734 Phafganumyideff,Gladiolus, Poltum. 653.654.655. 
eh i Palustre. 82q Phafelus. 1210 © Polyacantha; 1173 
we ey | Papyrus Nilotica, 40 Phafeolus & einf. pec. varierates a Polyanthemum Aguabe 830 
i Paralyfis, 781 1211.ad, 1216. Polygala, — 563.5646 
: i Paralytica Alpina, 783 Phellandrium, Dod. 1044.1063. Mathioli. } 1240 
ma) it Pavittaria. 331 Philanthropos,sd cf ,eAparine. Polygonstum cinfe fpec 903.904. 
aed | Sylusftris Clufs ox Philipendula,vide Filipendula. 9056 
j Ht Paronychia altera Matth. 622  Phillhrea, 1395+1396.1397 Polygonium Herniarie facie Aduerf, 
aie ly Vulgaris Grwracco folio. 624 — .PrimaClufi. 1600-1594. 
cB ib Partheninm, 652.757 Phleum, 417 Polygon mas, 565. 
\ ES iy Parthenis, 1103 Phlomos lychnites Syriacae 767 Montanumn, Serpilifalinm,Selinoi- 
; A" re Pafferina. 554 Phawix, 7B codes, > 566 
: "y { 4) i; Paftinaca domeftica,c Syl, 1025 Prhora, 966 PF alynenros,id oft,Plantaga, 
ren, BRS ih) Sativa tennifelia. 1027 Phu, ‘ 1078 ~Polypodinim. 1132.1133 
} if Sjluestris tennifolia. 3028 Phyllitis, 3138  Poly[perzaum, 324 
ew a Marina, 534 Rigdon merifc.c Jamin 333 beet tial 1144.1146 
‘ 4 wae ; : 276 Phytewma. 107 omum amoris, 6 
: ik i pia ies this: I 168 Picea maior & pumila. 1354 Affjrinmvel Adami, i 23 4 
, nt | Petten Veneris. 1040 Picuomos. E575 Aran. 1453 
| Hi! ( Pedicularis herbats 495  Pildfella maior. RO5AGSS (+ arene, 346 
BT | Rubra. 1071 Syl. flo. carul, 337 Granatum, 1451 
} Penraphylton eiufg, fec.987.988. ad.  Repens 638 = Hierofolym-finemirabile, 363 
a3. ‘ Pimpinella faxifiaga, 1044» Spénofum, . 348 
‘Peperi,gr.Pipers Hort. fine fanguiforba. 1045 Unlgare domefticumn 3465 
Peplis. 503 Spinofa. 1329 Populusalbag mgrA, 1486 
Peplos,vel Pepluas 503 Pinafter. 1358,1359 Lybica,ée, 1487 
Pepo Maximus. 919 Pinguicula. 788 Popmlago,Tab, $18 
Rhee, 920 Pinus fatind fine Vrbana. 1355 “Porcellsa. . 289 
Cucumeralis. 924 Syluefiris. 1356 Portnm, 174 
Maior & min.fylueftris. 922 Momara. : 1357 Usiginenm, 176 
Percepier Anglorum, Leb. E594 Maritime. 1358 P Syriasum,T ab. 18x 
Perdicium,id et,Parietaria. ‘ Pyper alb.nig, long . 15 38.1530. ortulaca fatinas 525 
Perfoliata Alpina. . 517 Calicuth Indic. fine Hifpan. 366 Sylueftris, 519.521, 
Napifolia. 537 Aquat. 446 Aquat, 614 
Rubra Gefin 492 Agresit. 4 1383 Marina, 524. 
Siltquofa G vulearize 536 Montanum, 1 403.1405 Potamoyeiton, 821.822 
Perforata. 540 DPiéperitis. X 366 Potentilla. 993 
Pericl enum, $01 Pirola, vide Pyrola, Maier, 1043 
Retlum & cinf: fhec, 41294.1295. Piftaceum. 1436 Poterinm, 1320 
1296. 3 Germanicum, 1437 Porthos flos. : 1095 
P eriplaca, ; 902 PiStana magone. 417 Pracocia mala. 1449 


Praffinm 


Prafinm, 694, 
Fetidum. 702 
Primulaveris. 780.781 
Heskethi. : 782. 
Flore rubro & albs, 783 
Proferpinaca. 565 
Prunella. 632.633 
Prunus domeftica,e fyluest. 1497 
Pfeudochamabuxus. 1597 
Pfendochina. 1619 
Pfindoasphodelus. 97 
Pfendobunium.~ 243 
Pfersdocapficum. 361 
Pftadodittamnam. 797 
Pfeadocytifus. 1308 
Pfexdohermodattylus. 204 
Pfesdomelanthium. 1085 
DPfesdomyagrum Matth. 473 
Pferdonarciffits. 133 
Pfendolpartum. 1318 
Pfendostruthinm. 494, 
Pfora. 725 
Piyllinm, 587 
Prarm:ca. 606.607 
Pulegium regivm,G me, 671 
Angustifol. 672 
Syluefire. 796 
Palicaria. 587 
Pulmonariaaurea fineGallica, 304 
Macnlofa & esus [pecs $08 
Pulfatilla. 385 
Panica mala. 1451 
Pycnocomon. 726 
Pycnomos. 1175 
Pyracantha. 1603 
Pyramidalts. 45t 
Pyrethram Offic. fy 758 
Sylueft. ve 
“Pyrola. wes 
Pyrus fatina. 145 


Sylucft.fine ftrangulat. 145761 458 
Pyxacantha. 1332 
Pyxos,gr Baxus. 


Q 


nadrifoliam phaum. 1198 
aameclite 1598 
Quercus vulgaris. 1339-1340 


Marina ce eins [pecies. 1567.15 68 


Quercula minor. 6 5 7 
Mawr. 66t 
Quinquefolinm ejulqne [pec-987.988 
ad 992. 
Quingwencrusae 422 
R 
ine vide Rha. 39% 
Radix cava 1090. 1091. Chine. 
3618 
Drakena.1621 ,Rhodias 532 
Septhica. 3302. 
Spiritus fantti. 1000 
Rananculus aquacilis. 829 
Aruenfis pratee Alpin, 951 
Bulbofis G Lkyricus. 953 
Auricomus, Aconitifol.¢> 954 
Globofas,Lu/itan, 955 


Index Latinus: 
‘ Montanus.Lut. 956.964, 
Nemorofusut. & Lalb. 384 


Max. Anglicnus Mutiplex , &c. 
Epis 


Afiaticus, 958.959 
Flammeus, 96% 
Paluftris, 952 
Latifol.Cret.fol.Plantag. 963 
Syluarumflo.plen. 38 
Pracox , parvus Thaltetrifolio. 
965. 
Minimsus Septent. Lob. 1090 
Raphanus. 237-238. 
Sylucftrise 240 
Aquaticus, ib. 
Rufticus. 241 
Syl.Offic. ib: 
Rapiftrum, 233 
Aquat. 234 
Rapun.237.Syle" 233. 448. 
Terra, 845 
Geniftae 1311 
Rapuncalus. 454.455» 
Rapuntinm. 453-45 5« 
Reginaprati. : 1043 
Remora aratri,d. Anonts 
Refeda, 297 
Refina. 1361 
Resta bowis,id eft. Anonis, 
Rha einfg, fpec. 393-395 
Rhamnus 1.2. 3.Clufiie 1334 


Catharticus.fine folutivise 1337 
Rhodia radix. 532 
Rhodium lignum,vide lignumrhod 
1m, 1624 
1406 


Rhododaphne. 
Rhodora Plis. 1043 
Rhus,vel Rhoe coriavia. 1474 
SylPlin. 1414 
Ribes vel Ribefinm. 1593 
Ricinns. 496 
Ritrovel Rutro. 1151 
Robur. 1340.13.48 
Rorella Rortdd,vel Ros folts, 1556 


Rofahortenfis eiusfpec, 1259-1260. 
ad 1268. 


Syluestris, velcanina, 12 69 1270 
Hiericontea. 1186 


468 


Celi,fite Mariana 

Marie. 1386 
Rofea radix. 532 
Rofmarinum, vel Rofmarinus coro~ 

narinm & fyluefre. 1292 


Roftrum ciconie,vel Grnis,ideft Ge- 
ranium, 
Porcinum. 291 
Rubia cinfg, Pece A118,111 961120. 
Cruciata. 1123 


Rubus Ideus & vale. 1272 
Repens fiuttucafio, 1271. 
Saxatilis. 1273 

Rumex. 388.390. 

Rafeus,vel Rufcum. 907 

Rata hort. /yl. 1255 
Canina. 1256 
Capraria 1253 

" Murariae 1144 
Pratenfis. j 1252 
Sylueftris Hypericoidess 543 


Seifert 396 
Sabina ferilis Ge baccifer 4.1376 
Baccata.altera. 


Saccarem, “3 7g 
Sacerdotis crepida. 44 3 
Sac a herba. 3 38 
Saging Jpergula. i 25 
S'agitra,vel Sagittarias 416 
Salicaria. 47 
Salicornia. He 
Salinaris, ; 3. 
Saltunca, los 
Salix aquatica cp vulgaris, 13 8 9 
Caprea. 1319 
Humilis, I 39 I 
Marinagvel Amavina, I 4 88 
Rofea, 33Ia 
Salfaparilla, 859 
Saluia agrefPis,wel Bofct. 9h aes 
Maior & minor Hortenfis, / 764 
Alpina, Cretéta,tndica. 765 
Abjinthites, 764, 
Romana, 649 
Vita, 1144 


Sambac,vide Lafminum. 
Sambucuseinfg, fpecies. 1422.1 423° 
142461429.) 


Sampfuchim uel Sampfachus. 665 
S@ramunda, 996 
Prima.2.3.Clufii, 1595.1596 


Sanafantha Indorum,id eff, Tabacum. 
Sardaracha Avabum. 


I 
Sanguinalise a Z 
Sanguinaria. 428.565¢ 
Sanguiferba,vide Pimpinella. 
Sanguis @raconis. "\o- 398 
Sanicula, 948 
Maior, 949 
Anguftifolia, 733. 
Alpina Cf: Eboracenfis & Guia 
ta, 788 
Femina Fuch, 978 
Santalum album citrinum ce rubrum. 
1586, 
Santolina.Dod. 1109 
Santonicum. Iloo. 
Sapa. 873 
Saponarit concaua Angl. 435 
Oulgaris. 444 
Minor. Dat, 474 
Sarxifagon. _ 694 
Sarxaparilla,vide Salfaparillze 
Saffafi ase 4525 
Satureia. 575-576 


Satyzrium erythron. quibufdam. 204, 
Satyrii varia [bec. asp. 20584, 228» 


abortivum, 223 

Satina vide Sabina. 

Saxifraga Antiquorwm, 604 
Alba. 844 
Alfinefolie 567 
Aurea. $4¥ 
Alba petrea, 842 
Anglicana & Pans los7 
Magna Matth. 605 
Rubra, F 1060 


Remanorim =: 


or smnae ee 
Romanorum,Luga. 254 
Saxifranga,Dod. 572 
Scabiofa cin{G, pec, 719.720, 0C.Ad. 
7258 
Scammonea,Scammoniajvel Scammo- 


nism. 866.867 
Scandix Antiquorum Col. 1023 
Unlgaris & minor. lo4o 
Minor Tab, 1594. 
Scariola. 283 
ScalaCeli. 905 
Scatum Celi, 529 
Scananthos,vel Setnanthum. 43 
Adulterinum, ib.Flores, 463% 
Schenoprafim. 176 
Scilla ciufG, pec. 371,172 
Sclateds 750 
Scolimus, 1104 
* Theophraftin 1156 
Scolopendria. 4139,1141 
Scolopendripm. 1141 
Scoparia, 554 
Scopa regia. 907 
Scordium. 661 
Scordoniasvel Scorodonia. 662 
Scorodopraffum. 180. 181 
Scorpius. 1321 
Scorpioides.337.5 338 
Leguminofa. 1241 
Multiflora & filiqnasraffa. 1627 
Scorpiurum, 336 


Scorfonerauel Scorzonera. 736.737 


Scrophularia , vel Scrofularia alvera 
Dod. 715 
Maior, & Indica 716 
Flore luteo, 717 
Miner. 816 


Scythica herbayvel radix vide Radix. 

SebeStene. @ 1499. 

Secacul Arabum quibnfdam Polygo~ 
natum, alis Sifer, alys Pastinaca 
mharina,alys Erynginm marinuns. 


Secale. 68. 
Securidaca. 1236 
Sedim mains, 510.511. 
Minus cinfg, Spec 5 12.Ad.5 17 
eAguatile. 326 

_ Selago,Plin. 1563 
Selinum Sy folys. 1018 
Montanum pumilnm,Cluf. 1053 
Semen contra-Vermes. 1IO1 
Sewmentina. 1100 


Semperuivum, vide Sedum mavinume 


508. 


Sena. 41297 
Senecia vale. 279 
Maior, id est, Tacobade 


Serapias eiu(g, Spec. 222 1223 6O'Ce 


Serica. 1502 
Seriphinm, 1100 
Seris. 283.285. 
Serpentavia. 427.400.630. 
Major. $32 
Serpentina, Matth. 425 
Serpillam, vel Serpyllam eiufa, Spec. 
579-5714 
Serratula. "1Z 
Sefamordes mag. par. 493 
NMuias Scal. 507 
Magnum Cordi, 976 


Index Latinus. 
Minus Dal. 1595 
Sefamum Dod, 273 
Ucrum. 1232 
Sefelipratenfe. 1049 
Creticum mai Min. 1050. 
Montanum & Mafilienfe, 105% 
Peloponenfe quorundams 1062 
cAithiopicuma frnters 1421 
Sicthana, 544-6 
Sicla,ideh,Beta. 
Sideritis Alpina,Scordivides, 696 
HerasliaDiof. 69 


7 
Anguftifol Vulgarts,Gc. 698.699 


Prima Matth, 700 
Grants odoris Thali, 1005 
Secunda,D iofcoridis, 1046 
Sigillum,B. Maria, 871 
Salomonis, 905 
Silaus Cafalpini. 1064 
Stler ™montanum, * 1048 
Siligo. 66 
Siliqua, 1429 
Sylucftris. 1428 
Siliquaftrum, 366 
Silphinn, 1000 
Silybum. 1150 
Minus flore nut, 1627 
Sinapi album,fat.fyl, 244. 
Sion,vide Sinm. 
Sifarum Peruvianum. 925 
Vulg. 1026 
Sifer, ibid. 
Sifon. 1017 
Sifymbriumalt. Diof. 258 
Stfynrichinm mai minus. '¥03 
Sinm einfG, pec, 256.257.0C. 
Minimum Alp. 265 
Terreftre, few agrorum. i018 
Smilax arbor. 1344 
Smilax afpera. 859.860 
Leni, 86x 
Hortenfis, 1216 
Peruviand. 859 
Smyrnium (reticum. 1024 
Sol Indianus, 752 
Solanum,vel Salatrum.339,340-3.426 
Odoriferum,. 344 
Powmiferum, 347 


Lignofiim fruticofium, vel rubrum 
350. 


Arborefeens. 360 
Tetraphyllon, . 406 
Tuberofum efculentum. 927 
Soldanella marinas $38 
Montana maior & minor. 839 
Soler,vide Hilinm folts. 
Solidago faracenica, 429 
minor. 633 
Maior, 807 
Sonchus axpere 291 
Lenis. 292 
Letlat.oCe 293.2946 
Syluaticus,Tabe 255 
Sophia Chirurgorunt. 1068 
Sorbus. 4471 
Torminalis, ibid. 
Sylueft. Matth. 1473. 
Sorghum. 83 
Sparganium, 45 
Spartinim, 2314 


ae 


Spartam Plin, ein(¢ S 
Togo, Me Bee. atnqaiggy 


Spatula fetida, 


Speculum Veneris) — 438 
Speirea Theophrafti, 
Selea — : v7 ; 
Spergula floalbo,e rub, II 6 
Marina, ‘bin 
Spherocephalus. 1159 
Spica. ba 
Hortulana, 3 Z 
Nardi, seth 
Celtica. Io 3 
Spicata, Phd 
Spina alba fine peregrina, 5 52 
Acida, i 132 
Appendix, i a ; 
Cerualis, a é 
Cerui, I 2 3 
Hire. I 38 
Infettoria, I : 
Lutea, . 4 
Solitisialis. eels 
Spinachia. 330 
Spondilinm,vel Spherdylinms . x009 
Spongia marina alba, 1577 


Lofundibuli formasc ramp. ib, 
Squamaria,id ef}, Dentaria maiore 


Squillayid eS, Scika, 
Sqninanthumideft, scananthes 
Stachys einfG, pecs ‘ 695 
Aquatica,vel palyft, 1005, 
Staphis agria. 495 
Staphylinus. 1023 
Staphylodendrum, 14 
Stella leguminofa, I ae 
Stellaria Augerir, T1167 
Stellaria. 428 
Aquatica.830, vide Alchimilla, 
Sternutamentoria. 607 
Stabe. 725 
Argented, 732 
Argent min, ib, 
Rofmarins folio, G'ex Cod. af.73% 
Stechas. 585.586 
Citrina; 646 
Storax. 1526 
Stramonia,vel Stramonium, 348 


Stratiotes aqnatile, vel Poramios. 826 


Millefolinm, 1074 
Strumariae S10 
Struthinm vide Saponiarias 
Strychnodendron. 360 
Strychnos.gr.8 olan, 

Styraxe 1526 
Suber. 1347 
Succifa. 726 
Samach, 1474 
Superba, Fuch. 597+599- 
SYCOMor Ube 1509. 
Syephytum mains & tuberofim, 807 

Parvum Boraginis facies ibiy 

Maculofimm fine {jl 809 
Synanchica, 1120 


Syringa albaj carulea. 1399 
Syfyurichion, vide Sifjnrichinm. 


* 


T.Tabacum 


od 


a a te A aT mma oe ee 


.o Nominum quorundam interpretatio, 


Abacum. 358 
Tartarums. 883 
Tamalapatra, 1534 
Tamar indi. 1607 
Lamarifcus " 1379 
Tamu. | 871 
Tanacetim acutnm album, 607 
Uslgare & eins [pec. 650 
Perutianum. ‘ 750 
Syluefre, 995 
Tap(us barbatus, 773 
Taraxacon. Zot 
Tarconvel Tarchon, 249 
Tarton-raire. 507 
Tartarum, $83 
Tarula,Datula,vide Datava. 
Taxus arbor. 1370 
Teda. 1358.1359 
Telephinm Diof.quorsnd, 337 
Unlgare ciufq; (pec. 519.520 
Terebinthina Veneta,  1364.143 4. 
Terchinthus, 1433 
Terra mevita,i.Carcuma. 
Terre glans, 1237 
Malum fine Rapum. 845.849 
Tertiola Cuofalp: 1005 


Tefticulus caninus:207 Varied. 205« 
ad228, 


Tetragonolobos. 1198 
Tetrahit, 689 
Anguitifol. 699 
Tescrium pratenfe. 657 
Latifol. Pannon ccs 658.659 


Thalittrum fine Thalictrum, 1068. 
4251. 

Thapfia. 1030,7301 
Thapfies barbatus vide Tapfis bar. 
Thertacaria. 


495 
Thali esufq, fpec.262.263, Gc.ud 


271. 
Crateva. 465 
Thora Ualdenfis, 966 
Thuia,vel Thyia. 3369 
Thus, 1435 
Thymbra St Tuliani 1575 
Thyrsclea. 1403 
Thymumvel Thymus duvins O lati= 
folinm. Bt Whe 
Creticum. 754 
Thyfelium,vel Thyffelinm. 1020 
Tigridss flos. 122 
Tilia mas & fom. 1483 
Tinsyu.T iis. 5 7 
Tintinuabulam terra,\.Pyrola. 
Tipha. 46 
Tithymalus fyl. Lon, > AAT 
Paraliss, Helio(c. Myrtifol, Oc.ap. 
ad. pe 497*505 
Tordslium,vel Tordylinm. 1050 
Tormentilla. 992 
Tora bora. 329 
Trachehium. 450 


Tragacantha,Tragacanthwm, 1328, 


1329. i 
Traginm Diof.Col. 1045 
Tragon. LII7 
Tragopogon. 73 5 
Tragopyrons ° ? 


Tragorchis. 210 
Tragoriganum.668.C lof. 671 
Trafi. 32 
Tribulus aquaticus min.823.mai. 824 

terreftris. 1246 
Trichomanes. 1146 
Trifolium praten(e. 1185 

Mains purp. 1186 


Lateum lupulinum & minus larib. 
Afphalranm fine bitumingfum187 
Americum & Burgund. 1189 
Salmanticum, ib. 

(ordatum,& filiquofim min.t190 


Lutenm filigua cornuta I1gr 
Paludofum, TI94 
Oderatum. I195 
Cochleatum. 1199 
Acetofum, 1202 
Hepaticum, 1203 


Siliqua lunata,Alpinum, & [pino- 


Sum. 1207 
Fragiferum,c steHatum. 1208 
Fruticans, 1310 
Triochis, 218 
Triphyllon gr -Trifolinm. 
Tripolinm, 413 
Triffago, vel Trixago, 657 
Paluftris, 661 
Triticum esufg, pee. 65.66 
Tritichm amyleum. 69 
Tomulemum, 78 
Vaccinium. 91 
Trollins flos. 955 
Thnaw. 1619 
Tuber terra, 1583 
Tulipa einfy, varietates a-p.137.adep. 
146. 
Trnevel Tanase 1513 
Turritis. 272 
Turbith vel Tarpetham, ATS 
Griftum, 1031 
Tuffilages 814 
Alpina, Sr 2.815 
Maior Matth, MSY 4 
Tynans vide Laurus. 
Typha,vide Tipha. 
San this ili ~ $4 
Seta Vv 
dccaria. 492 


Vaccinia Vaccinium flos quibuf- 
dum, Hyacinthus Botryoides,alys 
Violapurpurea Martia. 
Vaccinia,Vaccinium frutlus. 1395 
Nigra rubra... 1415 
AlbaPannonVrfi Gee 1416-1417 


Paluftria, 1419 
Nubis. 1420,1630 
Valeriana rubra,Dod. 678 
Hortenfis & fil. 1075 
Greca & Mexicande 1076 


Annna, Alpira,lat, & ange. 1077 


Veratrum album. 441 
Nig 1h. 977 
Nigrm Dodon, 978 

verbafculum. 781 

Verbafcum cinfg,fpece 7745775 
Matrthili. 767 
Saluia folis. 767 


ZERER 


Verbena Comsratinis; (aera, ; 793 
Fam.Tragi, 254 
ermiculayis. 5i5 
Frutex, 523 
Vermiculara monthna,Col 566 
Veronica fam. Fuch (i, 625 


Mas, rellasc, 627-628 
Uerrncaria, i, Tithymalus, vel Relios 
tropium minus. 


Vehicarta, c 
Fetonica, ; Ds 
Viburnum, 1496 
Vicia CG eins fhec. 1227.1228 
Indica, 1627 
Vitorialis. 18z 
Vinca pertinca, 894. 
Uincetoxicum, 898.899 
Vinum, 878.879.880 


Crola tutumnalis fine calathiana,a3@ 
449. 
Aruenfis. 
Damafe, 
Nigra fae pop, 
Canina fils 
Lutea, 
Lunaris. 
Wariana, 
Miutroral; 
Peregrina, 
Palustris; 
Pentagonia. 
Tricolor cy eins [pee 854 
Violaria, 
Uiorna. 
Uiperaria. 
Unrgaanred. 
Pastogzs. 
Sangtinea, 
Virginea. 
Vifcago maior, 
Vifcarhae 
Vifcus,Vifoum. 
Vifnaga. 
Vita longa. 
Vitalba. 
Vitex. 
Vitis alba, 
Fach. 
Idea. 
Silucftris, 
Vinifera, 
Vitriola(vel Vitraria 
Vitram,i.Glafium. 
Vinrnavide Viornay © 
Vimaria. i y 1048 
Vleaus cin{G, [pee 448.5482 


ee 
463 
850,85r 

851 


Umbilicus vener ts 529 
Marinus. a ters 
Onedo. j 4496, 
Vuguentaria glans. 440k 
Puaale saballna,i Toft, ; 
Umfolinum. 409 
Volubilis maior minor, nigra. 86% 
Volucr im mais. 8or 
Ureeolaris, o 332 
Vrinaria.29X« Urinals 555 
Urtica Romana,vrens, 706 
or airente 0 
Minse vrens s A 7 oF 


Nominum quorundam interpretatio, 


Urtica Herculea & iners. 704 
Vnea. 7 1558 
Hfitago Aven, Hord. Secal. 77 
Via. 876 
Corinthiaca, 874 
Crifpa. 1324 
Quercina, 1339 
Lapina. 339-1425 
Marina. 1157.1615 
Paffe, 877 
Uulpina, 339 
Ori. 1416 
Laminia. 495.871 
Zibibi. 875 


Vulgago.i.Afarum. 


Ovineraria ruftica,Gefite 1242 
Unluaria. 328 
Vavlaria. 450-909 
x 
Yai S10 
Xiphion. Ios 
Xyloaloe. 1622 
Xylobalfamum. 1529 
Xylocaratta, 1430 
Xyloftenm, 1207 
Xylum. gol 
Lyris, 59 
Y 
Yucca. 1543 


Z 


Sectoral Zacyntha, 289 
Zea, 69 
Monococces, 74 
Ledearia,& Zerumbeth, 34163 
Zeopyror. 72 
Zinziber. GR 
Caninum. 366 
Lizania, 78 
Zizypha G Ziziphus Candida G 
Cappadoc, 149% 
Rubra, 1508 
Zythum, zi 


NOMINVM ET OPINIONVMHAR:. 


A 


Bel,id e5t, Populus alba 
A Abhel,t. Santina, 


Abrono Serapionis iP iffum cor- 
datum. 
‘Abrotanum feemina,id est, Chamacy- 
pariffus. 
Abrugi,i.P ifiem cordatum. 
Acanophora,i I ‘aced. 
Acanthus Germanica,i.Sphondylium. 
Acanthiwm i.Onopordon. 
Acaraa Theoph.t.Scolynos. 
Acetabulum,2.Cotyledon. 
Accipttrina,:, Hierecium vel Sophia. 
Acinaria paluftris Gefneri,i. Oaccinia 
: paluftris 5 > 
"Acinus,t.Clinopodium. 
Achillea, Millefolium. 
Aconitum bacciferum,id eff ;Chrifte 
phoriana. 
Aconitum Pardalianches Dodonai, i. 
Doronicum. 
‘Acrocoriont.Crocus Vernus « 
Acutellas.Refta bouts. : 
Aeus paftoris,i.Geraninm. 
Adianthum album,ia est Capillas Ue- 
HOY IS 
"Adianthum album Pliny,idest, Ruta 
murarias 
Ador eff quoddam fiumenti gents. 
Ageratum, Balfamina minor, 
Agnus caftus,i. Vitex, 
Abilen{x,i;Auellana 
Aglaophotis,i. Paonia. ; 
eAagilops Plinij,id est, Cerris_maior 
Lobel. 
eAagilops i. AnenaSterilis, 
eA gopogon Tragi,t.Ulmariae 
eAigelethrond. tora bona: 
eA[chinomenen Plinii,i.noli me tan 
gere,vel porins herba mimofa. 
Aixoon,i. Semperurvam. 
Ainoa,i.( bameapitys. 
Alafeleti Anicenna,i Medica. 
Alavernus Dalefchampii,i. Philyrea 
Lobel. 


monia ¢> confen/us. 


Alettorolophos Pliniig.Fiftularia, 

Alleluia,t-Trifolium acetofum. 

Alchilel Serapionis,i.Polemonipr. 

Alcibiadion,i. Echinm, 

Alchimelech,i.Melilorus. 

Alf fafa Anicenna,i.Adedica, 

Algofarel Auicenne,.Dancus. 

Alkahengi,.Halicacabum. 

Alimontayt.Trifolium acetofums. 

Alnam i. Pulegium, 

Alnus nigra .Frangula. 

Althea,i.Ibifeus, 

Albucus, i. Afphodelus albus. 

Altercum Plinit,3.Hyofcyamus. 

Alphefera Arabibus, id eft, Bryouta 
nigra 

Alfabarateia,:. Partheninm. 

Alfcebran,é.Exula. 

Alfenefu,i, Abfinthium. 

Alsefen,i.Peucedannm, 

Amaracus,i.Maioranae 

Armellus Uirgilit,. Aster Aticns. 

Atlas. Caltha palustris, 

Ammbubeia,i.Cichorium fyluettre. 

Ampelos Pliniii Bryonia nigra, 

Amyrberis,i. Berberis. ; 

Anapallus Bellonit,é, Ficus Indicay 

Anas ,i Prunus. 

Anablatum Cord:, 7. Déntaria maior 
Mathiol:. 

Anblatum Dodonai,t. Nidus ants; 

Aachua,i-Bugloffum fyluestre. 

Aindivian Rhafis,j. Fabago. 

Andration Auerrots i. Pencedanum. 

Androfemum D odonai, 3. Chmenum 
Tralorum, 

Axetum tortnofum. Meum 

Angurias.Pepo oblongus. 

Anonis iRefta bouis. 

Apiastellum Apuleit,. Bryenianigra. 

Apiaftellum Dodoget i. Melt its 

Apocinum Diof.:.Periplocas 

Apolinaris,;.Hyofcyamts. 

AproniaiBrionia nigra, 

Aprus,i. Pifim rubrum. 

Argentina, Porentilla. 

Aria Theophrasti, i. Sorbus Alpina 


Gefneri 


Arcium,i.Bardant. 
Argeatina.Ulmaria, 
Arthritica, i. Primula veris. 
Artemifia marina, i.Cinerariar 
Arrhenogonon,t. Larietaria, 
Armoracia,i.Rhaphanus rustic. 
Arornas i Tnniperts,, 
Arxisi.Oriza. 
AStruntiayi, Imperatorids 
Afterion,i. After Atticus, 
Aitergis Rhafis, id ef; Azaradach 
Anicennda, 
Alpalathus,i. Acatia Math. 
Afplenium fyluctre,i, Lanchitis, 
Afplenium,z.Ceterach, 
AStorca,i. Stachas. 
Athanafiayi.Tanacetum, 
Aulitica,i.Camamelum. 
adareum olus,t. Atriplex, 
Auornus Petri Placentii,i. Frangula, 
Axabafer,i.Menm, ; 
Axex,i.Lichen, 
B 
Adras,id est, Paonia: 
Baccaris,i.Comza maior Math, 
Baccaris officinarum, Afar#m. 
Bamia,i. Althea palufiris. 
Baptifeculas.Cianus. 
Barba hirci,z.Tragopogon. 
Barba [ouis,i. Semperasvnm. 
Barba Aron, Semperuivim. 
Barbarea,i.P feudobuniuna, 
Batis Plinii,i.Crithmnm, 
Baton, i.Derebinthes, 
Baxari Chichen,i.Linum, 
Baxara Cantona,i.Pfyllinm, 
Becabunga,. Anagallis aquatica. 
Bechion,.1 nfjilago. 
Bedoara arabsbus,i.Spina alba. 
Bedeguar Math. Syluat.i.Spina albay 
Bederangi,t.Meliffa, 
Beluideve Italica,iSc oparia. 
Beiahalalen,,. Aizoon. 
Betonica Pauli Veronicas 
Bihar,i-Buphthalmon. 
Bifaria,i.Dracunculus. 
Bifacutum,i.Gingidium. j 
Bafiatrakagi, 


Nominum quorundam interpretatio, 


Bafiatrahagiid eft Polygonuts. 

Bifinalvasdeft 1bifeus. 

Biflingna,jd ef Hippoglofum. 

Bombaxyid eft Goffipium. 

Botonaria,id eft Aphyllanthes. 

Bosternon,i, Platanaria. 

Branca urfina, id ef eAcanthus.: 
| Britannica,i.Biftorta quorundam, 

Braffica Canimasi. Cynocrambe. 

Broeggia Pliniy, id eff Helxine Ciffam- 

pelos. 

Brujeus, id est Rufcus. 

Bulbus agreftis,i.(olchisum: 

Buboninm,id eff After Atticus. 

Buccinum,i.(onfolidaregalis 

Buzia,id eff Cortex Berbers. 

Butomon Theophi.Irés palustris 

Bulefid eff Salixs 


CG 


ee marinum,i( vithmum. 

Cachrifera,id eff Libanotis. 

Cahade,id eft Poliums 

Cafal,i. Agrimonias 

Calabrina,sd eft Lonchites; 

Calchochrum, ides Famaria. 

(aleifraga,sCrithnoum. 

(althaja eft (Calendula. 

Caltha Poerarnm, 3. Calendsla. 

Callionyranm Gefn. id eft Liliars cone 
qwallivms. 

Callitricums,i. apilins Vener % 

Callion Pliny st Alkakengie 

Calictslarissid ef Hyofcyamus. 

Calnegia.ia eff Galanga- 

Comper Abrotanum magnum 

Candelariasi.Tapfus Barbatns. 

Cania Plinid eft Vrtica. 

Cancum Awicennty id eft Chelidoninm 
WINS. : 

Cantabrica Plinij io Rapuncteluss 

Cantabrica Turneri, id eft Garyophyl= 
lus. 

CapillarsssiCapilias Veneriss 

Capnos.id est Fumaria. 

Capnitis id eff Eumaria. 

Caprificus Pini, Exula Traghe 

Caranful,t. Caryophyllos. 

Cardamum,ia eft Pfendobsninm 

Cardopatinmsd est Carlinas 

Carduus fullonum,j. Dipfactss 

Carobia Aduaris,id eff Ceratin filiquac 

Carica,ideft Apios. 

Carmabadion Simeonis Séthi,. Carvis 

Cartanons yluefiris,s. Atrathyli- 

GarpentariayisPfeudobsninm. 

Carpefiumst Cubche. 

Cargefinm Galeni,t Rafetss 

Carnabadion Simsconis Sethi, deff Ga 
yt. ss 

Cardelad eff Sinapiss 

Caffebar,i. Coridndram. 

Caffilago Marth. Sy. id off, Hyofeya- 
WHS « 

Caffusha,id e5t Cufewtas 

Cafforis trifoliam, id est T rifolinm pa- 
ludofim. 

Cafignere, id est Pimpinella. 

CaftranqulastaScrophilarias 


Calcitrapa Matthioli, id est Cardnms 
Stellatus, 
Catef,j. Atriplex. 


Gachvifera Rofmarinus , id est Libae 


not ts. 
Cath{um,idest Abretanum, 
Cataputia maior,i. Ricinus; 
(aucon Pliny,i. Equifetam. 
CandaV ulpinm,i. Alopecuros, 
Caliros,i.Gramen manna. 
Caciltana Plini, id cSt Androfemun 
Dodo, 
Centummorbia,i. Nummularia. 
Centrum Galli, Hornsinnm. 
Centunculus,i. Gnaphalinm, 
Cepanyid cSt Anagallis Aquatica. 
Ceratonia,t.Ceratia filiqua, 
Cercis Theop.id ef? Arbor Inde. 
Cofis,id eff Daucus, 
Eerua maior,i. Ricinus, 
Ceraunia,i Graffala. 
Cersicaria,i. Trachetstns, 
Cichorinm verrucarinm, id est Hedyp- 
1015. 
Circea Gracis, ¢, Mandragora. 
Cincinnalis,i Capsllus Veneris. 
Crcerbstas. Sonchuss 
Cnicus,i.Carthames. 
Cnicum fipinams Cordi, id eft Carduii 
benedittrs. 
Cnicws fyluestrés i.Atratlylis. 
Curagos.Meliffa. 
Cidromela,i. Malus Medica: 
Cintrariaj.Aacobea Marina, 
Charantia,i.Balfamina 74s. 
Chamaciffss,).Hedera Terreftres. 
Chameleuce,i.Tnffilago. 
Chameapence,id eft Rofmarinum {ylue= 
fire. 
Chamexylon Plinj,t. Gnafalinms 
Chamalea Germanicayd St, Mexe- 
eon. { 
CI hamadaphne,s.Latréola. 
Chamédaphne Pliny, id eft Vinca pers 
wincds : 
Chamaplinm,. Eryfirauma. 
Chamerrhiphes,s. Palmites. ‘ 
Chameleagnas deft Myrtus Braban- 
ticas 
Chamerops plin.t Palma humilis. 
Charnuba,i .Ceratia filiqua. 
Charfi,i-dpinm. 
Chaftara,s.Betonicas 
Chathe,i.Cucumer. 
Chironia,iBryonia nigra: 
Chitini,1. Althea. 
Choeradolethron,i.Xanshinm. 
Chubece,i..Malaa. 
Chiliadynamis,i.Ben album. 
Chryfolachanon Plint 4. Atriples: (a- 
tiva. 
Chryfanthemum _ Peruvians. Flos 
Solis. 
Chiyfocome Geftd Linarin» 
Chryfogonon,i.Blattaria. Ay 
Chryfomela Athenai,i Malas Medica 
Citrago,i.Melif[a, 
Clavum Veneris ji. Nymphaa. 
Claviculay.Hedera Helix. 
Clematis Peregrina,i.Flammula Tovis- 
; ZRUEEE 2B 


Clematis Daphnotdes id eft Vinca per- 
ViKCAs 3 

Clematis altera Matthioli. Viorna; 

Cleome Horaty i.Eryfimum. 

Colabrina, i,.Aram Aig yptium, 

Cotiorsi.F eniculus, ie 

Colocafia,t. Faba eAgyptia. 

Columnaris,i. Campana Latkefcents 

Colursbina Atnart),iDerbena. 

Combul,i.Nardus. 

Condifi,i Sapantria. 

Condurdum Pliniip Vaccarite 

Confolida media Fuchfii, deff, Belle 
maior, 

Confolida media,i:Bugulas 

Confolida minor Matchioli, Pranelias 

Confolida minor Ruelly; id eff Bellis 
minor . 

Conxambuch Turcor.i. Hemerocallis 
Valentinas. 

Connaras Athenaij Tninbafpecies mas 
4or, 

Concordia,i. Agrimonia. 

Conila is Myrrhiss 

Confecratriz 3, Iris nofiras: : 

Coralloides Cordi, #. Dentaria Mata 
thiolis : 

Corcorus Melochia; ideft Olus Tada 
cum. 

Corcoras Marcelli ver.id eff Anagal: 
ma. 

Corydalis;:. Radix Cowas 

Cor Indum,i, Pifum Cordatwins 

Coriziola Rhafis,iScamontas 

Corona fratrum,i:Carduus Erioces 
phates, 

Cérion,i.Coriandrum. 

Coronopus i.Cornu Certic 

Corigiola,i. Centumnodia, 

(Corona monac hi,i. Dens Leonts : 

((orova Regia. Pemum fpinofim: 

Corontola,i Lyfimachia. 

Corydalinum,1-Fumarige 

Corylus,inAnellanhe 

Coftus fpurins MatihiPanac Chirds 
nin. 

Coftus Hortornm,.Balfamita maior; 

Costa Canina. Quinguencrtias 

Corydalopodinm, .Confal.Regalise 

Cotinus Dodo.iCoscygria Phny, 

Cot Anicenna,j Medica. 

Crepanclla,id eff Dentillaria Readele 
tHe 

ams Marina,i.Crithmum. 

Crinita,iCapillus Ventrts. 

Cucullata,i.Pinguicula: 

Cucurida,i. Dentillaria Rondelety. 

Cuminum AL thiopitun,. Amit, 

Cunilago,i.Cony rae a 

Cunegunais berbaa,s, Eupaterinns Axi 
CENREs 

Cunila Columele t.Satarelac 

Cunophoren,t.Nwx Indica. 

under eAbicenne,i. Saponariac 

Curcumayt cL yperts Indits. 

Carcas Clufti,s, Ricintse 

Casbari.Coriandrums . ° 

Cyanus Fserofelymitana, hc Prarie 
edeftrinces 


Gfes 


Cy fo,id est, Ay ffopres. ; 

Cyminalis id eff, Gentiana. 

Cynanthemsisi.Cornla fatidas 

id ae 

Cynoforchss §. Satyrinns. 

I a ‘Apaleisi d cf, Antirrhi- 
num. 

Cynocephalus,i..Anatum. 

Cynosbatos Diofe. ideft Rofafylue 
Strix. 

Cynasbatos Tragi,i.Oxyacanthnas 

Cynoshatos Rueky i. Rubi. 

Cynosbatos Dalefc.i. Capparis. 

Cyprus,é.Lign/trum Lobelij. 

Cypria Dod.isPhillyrea. 


D 


Amedrios,i.Chamedrys. 
Dantbalchili Equifetum, 
Darachs.Palma, 
Daracht mows, Mufa, 
Datura,i,Stramonia Perigrina, 
Debonigi,:.Chamomilla, 
Dethaid off Beta, 
Delphininm,s Confolida R egalis. 
Diapenfia,i. Sanicala, 
Didar Arab,:.V lms. 
Dizitus Veneris,i.Nyraphea, 
Dili jdeft faris, 
Diocaliia Apuleis.Chamsonselumy, 
Diofpiron,s..Milinns folis. 
Diofpiros Pliny. Lacryma lob, 
Diofanthos Theop.i.Saperba Euch/s. 
Dochon,id eft Panicuus, 


| Dokchus Theophr. id eft Phafeolus 


Lobelii. 
Draca herba,i.Tarcon, 
Dracofylneftris.i ~Prarmica, 
Drofitums,i.Haliabbi Anifum 
Drofion Cordi,i. Alchimilla, 
Drypis Guslandini,i Tragon. Mat. 
Drypis TheopiEnynginm Marinum 
Dryopteris ragisd off Preridion 
Cordi, 
Dryopteris,3. Adianthnim aigrum. 
Dryophonon Plinii,id off Arabis Do- 
don, 


Dulb Arab.i,Platanus, 
Dulcamara,i. Amara-Duleis, 
Dulcifiday.Paonia, 
Dalcichinum Guikandini 
dulcis Tragi. 
Dumbebe,i.Endivia, 


2 4. Cyperss 


E 


Chins Paluftre Cordi, 
des Dodow, 
EghelosDodon, id eft Laburnum Lom 
elt. 
Eledpnnts Mati. Ziziphus alb. Lobel. 
Eleofelinumsi. Palvdapium. 
Ellifiphacos,i. Salvia. 
Elkiageber,i. Rofmarinus, 
Empetron Dodi:Kali,, 
Empetron Rondeletti. C rithmum, 
EvpetronTragijberbaT urea, 


4, Scorpiot- 


Empetron,i.Herniaria. 

Encephalus,i.Chamerrbiphes. 

Enephyllum,L obelii,i. Demaria. 

Encaphylum,i.Lingua S erpentina. 

Enneadynamien Gefneri,i,Gramen Par. 
waffi. 

Ephatinm,t.Rannnculys. 

Enphrofj num Plinii,i.Borago. 

Epilobion Geft.i.Chameanerinms Lobel 

Epimetron,.Epimediums. 

Epipetron,i. Epimedium, 

Epipattis Recentiorum,i.Helleborine. 

Epspattis Rondeletis i. Herniaria. 

Eranthemum,i.Flos Adonis. 

Ericotdes,i.Euphrafia lutea, Dod. 

Evinginm Vegetiij. Acarna Theop. 

Eringiuvm Guillan,ie Carduus Stellarus 

Ertnus,i.Corcoros Plinii* 

Ernam fyluchre,i.catanance, 

Eryphion Apulei,i.Ruta. 

Eryfimum Theop.i. Camelina. 

Erythrodannm,i.Rubia tinttorum, 

Exvpera,i Verbena, 


F 


| heen Tuffilago, 

Far, ginm,i.Tnffilago, 

Farfinm Anicenne, 
denfis. 

Farfrugum,i.Caltha palustris. 

Faranum,i. Tafilago, 

Fandegeni,i-Origanrsmp 

FelTerra,i, Centaureum minus, 

Feeniculus Porcisus,i. Peucedanum. 

Ferulacoli,i.Thapfia, 

Ferraria, 4. Agrimonia, 

Ferraria Lobelii,iScrophularia, 

Feftuca Plipiz. Auena Sterilis, 

Flammalalonis,id eff Clematis Pere= 
Lrina. 

Filicastrum,j.Ofmunda Regalis. 

Filixpaluftris,i.Offounda Regalis. 

Filix Florida, Oftmuinda Regalss. 

Filix Latifolia Cordis. Ofmunda Re- 
galis, 

Ficariai.Chelido nium minus. 

Flos Regius,i.Confolida Regalis. 

Flos Ambarualis,i.Polyg ala. 

Fontalis,t.Potamoperton, 

Folium Indum, id eff, Malabathray 
Garcia. 

Fuga Demonis,i. Hypericum, 

Fafas,i. Atrattyhis, 

Fumaria Corydalis,i.Radix Cana. 


G 


G Aledragon Phnii,i, Dipfacus: 
Garofmus,z, Atriplex Olida, 
Gallitricum,i.Horminum, ts 
Gelfeminums Indicum,é. 
rHVIAKA. 3 
Genitura,id eff, Anetum. 
Genicularis,3,Phu magnuns. 
Genecanthe,i.B; ryonia nigra, 
Geam3.Caryophgllata, 
Grexar,iDaicus., * 
Giezar Aridvas,.é. Belbsnen, 
Gith,j-Nigella, 


id cf? Thora Vals 


Nominum quorundam interpretatio, 


' Cithago Plinii,é Lobiuw, 
Gladiolus Aquatiliz.i. Inncses F lovidgyy 
Globularia,t. Aphylianthes, 
Gloffograpbe, Auscenne,. Fumarias 
Gofypinm,i.Xylon, 
Granum Regium Mefve, i.Rivinesi 
Gromphena linis,i.Calendula. 7 
Groffslaria,i. Ribes, 
Grofslariay.Vva crifpa. 


H 


Abonog Aner é, Chamansels, 
Haba Nil Serapionss i. Conves 
lass carulens, 
Halcafmeg Aueroii, i Fanicnlys, 
Halgaxar Auercii, i. Paffinaca, 
Halicacabum Vefica rintm,id off Alas 
kengi, 


Halicacabum Peresrinum, i. Pifum 


Cordatum, 
Hamefiteos,s, Chamepitys. 


Hanab. Althaleb,i.Solanum. 
Haraha,s. Cucurbita, 
Harbatun,3.Pencedanum, 
Harenaria,i.Corny Cerui. 
Haronigi,id eff Doronicum, 
Hafinifen Syriacumd eft Convalusls 
Caruleus, 
Haftula Regia,i, Afphodelus albue. 
Hafeei. Ti DY IB 8455 ’ 
Handacocha Plinii, i, Trifolinns bitus 
minofim, 
Hanr Arab.i,Populus alba. 
Hebene,iXylaloe officinarums. 
Herchlania,i Verbena, 
Hederalis Raellii,s. Afelepias, 
Hedera fpinefa,i,S milax Afpera, ' 
HederaCilicia,s, Smilax eAfpera. 
Helxine,i,Parietaria, 
Hebce,iHedera Helis. 
Hemeny.S. erpikum, 
Hepatica alba Cordji,Gramen Pare 
naffi, 
Herba Scpthica i. Gheyrrhiza vnlg. 
Herba Cafta,i, Paonia, 
Herba Leonis,iPalvoa, : 
Herbas Lycis,j. Chelidoninm mains. 
Herba lnpstiginariasi. Chélidoninm 
Mais, 
Herba Fulani, i, Ranuncel ss. 
Herb, Scelerata,i, Ranwnculus. 
Herbs Viceraria,i, Rannaculas, 
Herba Canftica,i.Ranunculus. 
Herba Dineotilie,; Confolida Regas 
lis, 
Herbs Stellasi. Corns Cerui, 
HerbaCancri,i -Helsorropinm, 
Herba Radioli Apulei,id eff Polypoe 
dium. . 
Herba Leonis Dodon, id eft, Aqnilen 
id, 
Herba 8. Anthony, Densillaria Ron- 
delerij, 
Herbu Coxendicum,.Cotyledon, a 
Herba Benedifta,h.( aryephyllata, 
Herba Fortis, id oft Solidago Sarace- 
nih. 
Herba Paralyfis,3. Primula veris, 
Herba (tanellatas Violatricolor, 
et Herbs 


‘Nominum quorundam interpretatio, 


ee. | 


Herba Lafielata,id eff Balfamita ma= 
207, 

Herba Pinnula,id est, Hyofeyamuss 

Herba Turca,i,Herniaria. 

Herba Hungarica Dodon,i. Alcea. 

Herba Simeonis Dodon, id eft, Alcea. 

Herba Vrbana,j, Acanthus. 

Herba Tunica Gordoni, id ef? Ocy- 

maftrum. ; 
Herba Tunica Dodon, ideft, Caryo= 
phyllata. 

Horba Gallica Fracaftori,s. Galega. 

Herba Rutinalis,i.Sphondylinm, 

Herba Sardoa,id eff Rantnonlus aqua- 
titus,; 

Herba Sacra,i. Tabaco. 

Herba Sacra Agrippt,t. Meliffa, 

Hermodattyli Dodon. id eft Culchi- 
cum.” 

Hermodatt. Italorum,i. (ris tuberofa 
Lebel. 

Hefperis (lufij,i. Lencoinm marinum 
Lobely. 

Hippi,i. Alfine, 

HirundinariaicAclepias. 

Hortus Ueneris,t.( otyledon. 

Horminum Tridentinum, id ef? Colus 
Touts, 

Humadh,i.Lapatham. - 

Hunen, i. Iuinbe. 

HuniareiVrtica, 

Hy drofelinum,i.Paludapinm. 
Hydrofelinum Camérary, td eft Laser 
mais, 4 

Hyofeyamus Peruvianus,i.Tabaco, 
Hippogloffivm,Bonifacia,id of? Laurus 
Alex. 
Hyofyris Pliny,i. Laces nigra. 
itethainet . After Atticus, 
Hypecoon Dodon, id eff (aminum fjl- 
nefire. \ 
Hypecoon Clufiii. Alcea Veneta, 
Hippofelinon,i.Olus atram, 


I 


Arusjideft, Arum. 

Tackaiak,i. Anemone. 
Lafione,t.Campantla, 
Jafin,t.Enula. 4 
Janatri,t. Nux Mofcata. 
Tbiga,t.( hamepitys. } 
Jexar Serapionis,t.Pastinaca. 
Imperatrix,. Menm. a 
Inula Ruftica Scribony Largigt Confe= 

lida matre 

Inguinalis i. Affer atticuss 
Tntybus,i.Cichorinm. 
Tonis Fabayi Hyofcyamus» 
Joris Glans,i,Caffanca- 
Touts Flos,i. Lychnis. 
Jouis Arbor. Quer cits 
Jorgir,i.Eruca, 
Irto,i.Eryfimum. : 
Iuncus quadratus Celfi,t. Cyperus 
Jua Mufeata,i. Chamapitys. 
Iufatli,: Sambucus. : 
Iufquiamus,¢.H) lyofcyamis, 
Txopus Cordis.(1 bondrillas 


K 


Anturion,t, Centaurenm, 
Kanx,i.Amygdalus. 
Kaper,t.Capparis. 
Kauroch.i.Chelidonium maitse 
Kebikengi,s. Ranunculus, 
Keiri,i. Leucoium, 
Kemetré,i-Pyrus. 
Kemum,i. Cumintitte 
Kenne,t.Ligufiram. 
Keruagh t.Ricinus. 
Kerugha,i.Ricints. 
Kermes,i .Coccus infettoria, 
Kulbj.Milinum folis. 
Kushera Auerroi}id of Coriaxdrum. 
Kusbor,i.Coriandrum, 


L 


Abrufca,t. Bryonia nigra. 
LabrumVenerts,i-Dipfacus. 
Laburnum,i, Anagyris, 
Latlaria,i.Tithymalas. 
Lattuca leporina,i. Sonchus. 
Lattucella,i.Sonchus. 
LanataCordi,t, Aria Theoph. 
LanceaChrifti, id eft, Lingua Serpen- 
tina. 
Lantana,i. Viburnum. 
Lanaria,i.Radicula. 
Lanceola,t.Ouinquenerwia. 
Laudata Nobilinm,i, Veronica. 
Lathyris,i,Catapstia. 
Lathyrus,i.Pifam fylacfire. 
Laner Lanacrum,t,Dipfacus. 
Lanrus Alexandrina, id est, Hippo- 
gloffium. y 
Laurus rofea,i.Oleander. 
Laurus (ylueftris, id eft, Laurus Ti- 
BUS, 
Lauventina Mathioli,i Bugula. 
Leo Columelle,i, Aquilegia, 
Leontostonsinm Gefneri, ideft, Aqut= 
legia. 
Leo Herba Dodon.i. Aquilegias 
Lepidiums Pliniy,t.Piperitis. 
Lefen Arthaur,s.Buglofivm. 
Leucacantha,i. Carlina. 
Leucanthemum,i.Chamamelum, 
Libadton Pliny,i. Centanrenm, 
Libanium Apulei;i Borago. 
Limodoron D odon,i.Orobanche, 
Lingua anis,.Fraxini femsen. 
Lingua Pagana,i.Hippoglofjum. 
Liliago Cordi,i. Phalanginm Lobel. 
Lifen,i. Plantago. 
Lotus Urbana,t. Trifolim odoratums 
Lobelij. 
Longina,i Loachitts. 
Lichen,i.Hepatica officinarum. 
Lunaria Arthritica Gefneri,. Auricn. 
laVrfi. ° 
Luciolas. Lingua ferpentina. 
Lunaria Graca,i. Bolbon:c. 
Lunaria maior Diofcor. id eff, Abyf- 
fon. 
Lnph Cordig.dracunculas. 
Luinla,i. Trifolium Acetofums 
§ ZeBSED 3 


Lycoftaphylos Cordi, id eft, Sambucus 
aquatica, 

Lycopfis,i.Bugloffitw fyluestre. 

Lycoperficumyi.Poma Amoris, 


M 


Achla,id eff, Palma, 
Madon Pliny, id eff, Bryonia 
alba. 
Mahaleb Auicennajid est, Pfendoligns 
trum, 
Mahaleb,i.fpecies Phillyree. 
Migydaris Theoph.i .Laferpitinm, 
Muilacocciffes, id eS, Hedera Terres 
ftris. 
Mslinathalla Theop,i. Male infanavel 
potius,Cyperius Efculentuse 
Malaceiffns Calfani Baffi,i. Caltha pas 
luftris. A 
Maluanifeus,t. Ibifeus. 
Manus Martts,i Quinguefolinm, 
Marana,i.Stramonia, 
Marathrum,i.F eniculum. 
Mars herba Dodon, id eff, Cerinthé 
Plint. R 
Marinella,i.Phu MAQKUM 
Marmarites,i.Fumaria: 
Marmorella,i.cA fgrimonine 
Maftastes,i,Laferpitinm. 
MaSton Pliny,i. Scabiofa, 
Mater Herbarum,i. Artemifiag 
Mater filon,i.Tacea nigra. 
Matrifaluia,i. Horminum 
Matrifylua,i.Periclymenum. 
Mauryohebra Caput,id eff, Antirrhia 
nim. 
Medium Diofcor id eff, Viola Maria 
ana, 
Medium Lobeli,i.Iris maritima Nar- 
bonenfis. 
Mzlochias.Corcorns. 
Melampodium,t.Helleborus nigeré 
Mel frugum Diocls,, Panicum. 
Melampyrum,id es, Triticum Vaccia 
num. 
Melafpermumy Nigella. 
Melich Arab. id eft, Trifolium frubiz 
cans, 
Meleagras Flos,isFrittillaria. 
Melanthium,i.Nigella. 
Melofpinum,i.Pomum Spinofum. 
Memiran Andr. Bellunenfis, i. Ghelidy 
mains, 
Memirefin Auicen. idem. 
Mend Hendi Arabibus,id eft, Scamons 
ned. 
Memitha Arabibus , id eft, Papasen 
Cornutnm. 
Memasylum,i. Arbutus, 
Menogenion,i.Paoniae sa 
Mentha Saracenita, id oft Balfamira 
maior. 
Men,id eft Mewm, 
Memiren Serapionis, is Chelidonism 
minus. 
Methel,t. Stramonias 
Merxenins,t. Maioranae ‘ 
Mefcatremfir id eft » Ditame 
nits is 
coos mill 


‘ Nominum quorundam interpretatio, 


Mille grana,i. Herviaria. 

Menianthe Theop. id off Trifolium 
paluftre. 

Militaris i. illefolium. 

Miha,i. Styrax, 

Millemorbias.Scrophularia, 

Mixa,i.Sebeftene 

Molochia Serapionis, id eft, Corcoros 
Matthioli. 

Molybdena, id est, Dentillaria Ronde~ 
letiy, . 

Motnordica,t. Balfamita mate 

Morghani Syriacaysd oft, Fabago Bel- 
carum. 

Mochus Dodon. id eff, Orobus Lo- 
bel, 

Morellai.Solanum Hortenfe. 

Mila Herba Gaze,iCeterach, 

Mulsibona,i.P etrofelinum. 

Mumeix3 Sycomoris. 

Murdlia Plin.Helxlne. 

Atiophononon,t.D aronictm. 

Myrtus fyluestris yt .Rufcws. 

Myricayi.Tamarifcus. cae! 

LMyriophyllum,s.Viola aquatilis. 


N 


Abatnaho,id eft, Meatha. 
Nanochach,i. Ammi. 
Nard & Naron Arab,i.Rofa- 
Nardvs Cretica,i.P hu magnum. 
Nardus Ruflica Pliny,j. idef,Cony=a 
vel potius Afarum. 
Narfii.Nafturtiam. 
Nargol,i,Palma, 
Fi hibernumyt. Barbareds 
Nenuphar,i. Nymphaa. 
Neottia,i,Nidus ants. 
Nepa Gaxe,i.Genifta fpinofite 
Nevinm,i,Oleander. z 
Nicophoron Plini),iSmilax a[peras 
Nicofiana,: Tabaco. i 
Nigellastrum,s.Pfendomelanthinme 
Nilofer,i. Nymphaea. 
Nil cAuicenne , id off, Convolvulus 
Caruleus, 
Nola (ulinaria,i. Anemone. 
Noli me tangere, i, Impatiens herba. 
Noli metangere,i,Cucumis fy luestt ls « 
Nux M:tel,i.Stramonia Fuch/iy, 
Nax Usficaria, id eff, Staphyloden- 
dren. 
Nymphea minima,i.Morfus Rand. 


O 


en Chriffi,id est, Horminum 
fyl. 


Odontis, id eff. Dentillaria Rondelety. 

Olwahdia,t.Chamamealums 

Olea Bohemica,i. Ziziphus alba 

Oleagnos,.Chamelea. 

OlcaStehums.Ghamelea. 

Olas Ludiacum, t.Gorcoros. 

Olus album Dodoni,.Valeriana Gane 
pestrisvel Lattuca agnina. 

Onagra V eterum,i.Ghamenerinm. 

Onxitis Plinip,t.Origanuma, 

Onones,i Refia Bisis, F 


Onobrychis, id est, Gaput Gallina 
coum. 

Onobrychis Belgarums, i, Campanula 
Arienfis, 

Oncfma,id of, Buglolfium fjlueftre. 

Onopordon; id eft, Acamthium Thyrt~ 
cum, 

Ordelion Nicandri,i.Tordylion. 

Ophris,é.Bifolium, 

Ophiogloffitm, id eff, Lingua ferpen- 
ts, 

Opuntia Plinti,i, Ficus Indica, 

Opfago,i Solanum fomniferum, 

Orbicularisi.Cyclamen, 

Ornala;t.Horminum, 

Oreofelinum,t.Petrofelinum. 

Ornusyi Fraxinus Bubalas 

Orontium,t.antirrhinum. 

Offrta Gords,i.Ornus Tragis 

Osteocellon,s.C onfolida maior 

Offrutinm j.Imperatoria. 

Ofyris,t. Linaria. 

Othonna,i.Flos Africans. 

Oxyacantha,i.Berberis. 

Oxyacanthus i.Spina appendix, velpy- 
vacantha, 

Oxyst. Trifolium Acetofitm, 

Oxymyrfinesi. Rufous. 

Oxycocens Cordi, id et, Vaccinia pa 
luftres. 


P 


P Alma Chriftiid e5t,Ricinus, 

Palalias.C ‘)clamen. , 

Paderotayie Acanthus. 

Panis Guculisd eft, Trifolinm Aceto- 
fim : 

Pancratinm,.S, quilla. 

Pants porcinuss-Cyclamen, 

Papaner Spumeum, i. Ben album: 

Paronychia Diofcor, ideft. Ruta Miu- 
raria. 

Pafferina, Ruelii, sd eft, Morfus Gale 
tina, 

Pedicularss herba,i.S: taphtagria, 

Peduncularia Marcellisd ef, Staphi- 
f4gria, 

Feganou,s Ruta fylueftris. 

Pentadattylon st. Ricinus. 

Peponella Gefaeri, id of, Pimpi- 
nella, 

Perlaro,i,Lotus arbor. 

Perforata,t.Hypericons 

Perdicion,i.Helrxine. 

Perifterion,i.Scabiofa minima. 

Perfonataj.Bardana, 

Pextce Plinii, fint fungi Decies, 

Pes anis,i.Ornithopodium, 

Pes Leontsi. Alchimilla, 

Pes vituli,s, Arum. 

Pes Leporinus,¢.Lagopus. 

Perum Americe,i.Tabuco. 

Retilius Flos,t.F los africanus. 

Pharnacenmsi. Coftus Spurins. 

Phafeinon Theop.iGladiolus, 

Phalangitist,Phalanginm. 

Phellos,i. Suber. 

Phellandrium,j.Cicntaria palustris, 

Phellandrinm Guillandinig, Angelica 


Phenix,i.Lolium, 

Philomedisws,4, Chelidoninny mains, 

Phileterium,i.Ben albn, Late 

Phleos,i.Sagitsaria, 

Phehirion,s.Pedicslarss, 

Phylateria,t.Polemoninns, 

Plilyrea Dodoni.Ligufirum: 

Phyllon Theophrafti,. Mercurialin, 

Philanthropos,é, Aparine, 

Picnacomon Angnilyi.Rhefeda, 

Pimpinella fpinofa Camerar iiss, Poteria 
on Lobel, 

Pinaftella,i.Pencedanum. 

Piper aquaticum,i.Bydropiper, 

Piper Calecuthiuns, Ludum, Brafilias 
nimi Capficum, : 


Piper agrefte,i Vitex, 
Piftatia Lylucftrisid eff. Nux Vefican 
rid. 


Piftana,i.Sagittaria. 

Planta leonis,:, Alchimibla, 

Preemonanthe Lobelii, +. Viola Calae 
thiana Dedonai. 

Podagraria Germasica, id eff Herba 
Gerardi. 

Polytricumy,i. Capillus Veneris. 

Poltrecum Enchfii, id oft Mufewe 
capillaris. 

Polygonatum, id eff, Sigillums Salomos 
nis, 


Polygonoides Diefcoridis,id eft Vinca 
perninca. 

Polyanthemuns,i. Ranunculus aqHae 
ticus. 

Pologonum, i. Centumnodia, 

Popislago,i, Tufilagevel Caltha palns 

Tis, 

Potentilla maior,i. Ulmayia, 

Pothos Coftei,i, Aquilegia, 

Pothos Theophrasti,2. Aquilegia. 

Proferpina herba,i.Chamsomelume 

Protomedia,j.Pimpineha, 

Pfeudorchis,i.Bifolinm, 

Pfeudobuninms. Barbarea. 

Pfeudocaplicum,i. Strichnodendyow. 

Pyrethrum {yluestre,iPtarmica, 

Pteridion Cordi,i. Dryopteris Travi. 

Puftech,i,Pitacias 

Palicariast.Conyzas 


Q is 
Quemi,id et, NigeHa, 


R 


R2* Naronica,id et,Ir ws 

Ramel,i.Ciftus, 

Rapum terra,t.Gyclamen, 

Raginigi3.F eniculum, 

Raledtalemen Haliabbi,id eft, Fi Wa 

ria. 

Rigina pratii.V Imaria, 

Rofa fatuina,i. Paonia, 

Rofa lunonis,i.Liliam. 

Rorastrum, Bryonia. 

Rorella, i.Ros folis, 

Rotula folis,i.Ghamaclum, 

Rhododaphne,i.Oleander. 

Rhododendron,i.Oleander} 

Rhifelinum Apulei,i.Ransculps: 
Rima 


Nominumy quorundam interpretatio, 


Rima Maria. Alaria. 

Rincus Marinus,i.Crithmam, 
Rubus cerninus,i Smilax afperde 
Rumex,id eft Lapathum. 

Rita capraria,id eff Galega. 
Rata paluftris,id eft Thalictrum. 


S 


Abeteregi;id off Fumarias 
Sabaler,:.Satureia. 
Sadeb, id eff Ruta. 
Sacraherba Agrippe,i.Salnite 
Saffargelsi. Malas Cydonia, 
Safarheramon,i.Sparganium, 
Salicaria,i. Lyfimachia. 
Salinnoa Gefreri,i.Nardus Celtica. 
Salfiroraji.Ros folts. 
SalicaftrumPlind. Amara dulcis. 
Salix Amerinayi Salix humilis. 
Salinaris,i.Pyrethrum, 
Saluia vite. Reta muraria. 
Saluia agrestis, idest Scordium alte~ 
rum. 
Salvia Romana,t.Ballamita maior. 
Salufandria,i. Nigella. 
- Samalum Plini. Pulfatilla. 
S'amolum Plin, i. Anagallis Agqnatica. 
Sarmpfichum,i, Amaracns. 
Stanguis Herculis, id eff Helleborus alm 
bus. 
Sanguinaria,i Corne cerut, 
Sanansunda.iCaryophyllata quibufda. 
Sarax,i.F ilix. 
Sardinia glans,i.Caftanea. 
Sanch,.alus Perfica. 
Saxifragia lutea Fuchfii,id e§t Melilo~ 
thse 
Saxifragia rubra,i. Philipendula. 
Sagitta,t.S agittaria. 
Scammonea tenuis, i. Helxine Ciffam- 
pelos. 
Scandix,i.Petten Veneris, 
Scarlea,t.Horminum, 
Scannix Aner. i. Nigella. 
Sciffima Gaxe,i. Fagus. 
Schehedenegi,iCannabis. 
Scheiteregs,i.Fumaria, 
Scoparia, 4 Ofyrts. 
Scolopendrta,i.Lingua ceruinde 
Scorodonia,s.{cordium alterum,vel fal. 
va agrestis. 
Scorpto Theophrastis. Genifta {pinofcs. 
Scolymos Diofcor.i.Cinara. 
Sctlla,i.Squilla. 
Scuck Syriaca,t. Pdpaver Rhos, 
Secacul Monard;,,S#9éllnm Salomoa 
Ws. 
Selago Pliny sd eft Sanina fylueftrés 
Tragt . 
Seltem,i,RApsinte 
Steligonton,t. Paontas 
Selaxtonsi, Crocus vernus. 
Selliga,. Nardus (eltsca. 
Seminalis. Equifetum. 
Sedum mains g.femperviva, 
Seneffigi,s.Viola martia. 
Serpentaria#. Dracunculss. 
Sertula Campanas. Melilores. 
_Serapias mas iOrchis famine Tragi. 


Seygar,t.Nax mofcata, 

Sida Theoph.t. Althea paluftris. 

Sideritis tertia Matth.7, Ruta canine 
Monfpetienfium. 

Siderstissi.: Marrubinin aquaticum. 

Siciliania Camerary 3. Androfemum 
Dodonei. 

Siger Indi,id eff Palma. 

Siringa caerulea Dodon,id est Lilac 
Matthioli. : 

Siliqna dulcts,.Ceratia filiqua. 

Silicula Varronis,i. Penugrecum. 

Siliquaftrum Pliny,i. Capficum. 

Sigihium Maria, Bryontanigras 

Sin,id est Ficus, 

Sinasbarium,i. Mentha aquatica 

Sinaps Perficum,i,.Thlafpi. 

Sifer.id est Sifarum. 

Silaus Plini.Thiffeliam. 

Sifon Syriacum,i.Ammia 

Siffitiepterés. Plin.i.Pimpinellae 

Siler Plins Alnus nigra. 

Sithim,i.Larix. , 

Smilax levis, id eft Canvolunlus maior 
fioalbo. 

Smyrhiza Plias. Myrrbis. 

Sorbus ancuparia, id eff Fraxinys bn- 
bula. 

Sorbus Alpina Gefni. Aria Theo» 
phrafti. 


Beli asioks id eft Fraxinus ba- 


nla. 

Solanum rubrum,i.Capficum. 

Solanum lignofum Pliny, id eft Ama- 
radulcis. 

Solanum vetrapbyllvm, id eft Herba 
Paris. f 

Solanum veficarium,s. Alkakengi, 

Solatrum,iSolanum hortenfe. 

Solbaftrella,i.Pimpinclla. 

Sofibio Theoph.i. Anemones 

Sparganion Matthioli, id oft Platana- 
via. 

Spina acuta,.Oxyacanthus, 

Spina adida,i. Oxyacantha, 

Spinahirci.Tragacantha. 

Spina infettoria,id eft, Rhamnws foltm 
Hus. 

Sphna Iudaica,i.Palinuru. 

Spirea Theophi. Viburnum. 

Sponfifolis, id eff Ros folis. 

Sphacelus Dodon.ix Scordinm alternm 
Lobelii. y 

Splyteivadix cava: 

Spicata,t, Potatmogeiton. 

Staphylodendron Phin. Nux veficd- 
ria. 

Statice Dalefcamp.i.Caryophyllus ma= 
vinus Lobelii. 

Stataria. Peacedanum, — 

Stellaria Horat. Augerit, i. Carduus 
ftelatus. 

Stravhiopterts Cords,é. Lonchitis. 

Struthium,t. Saponaria. 

Strémaria Galeni,i.Lappa Minor. ; 

Strangulatoria Auicenna, ia eft Do- 
TOnCB. 

Sucavam,i.Cicuta. 

Sxecifai.Morfus Diaboli. 

Suysm Avicenna, Nigella. 


Symphytum,3.C onfolida maior. 

Symphoniaca,i.Hyofeyi:mus, 

Supercilium Veneris,. Viola aquatiliss 

Supercilinm terre, id ff, Capillus Vea 
neTILS . 

Sut. Liguiritias 


T 


i he ae Indica, id eff Flos Afri® 
CANKS. 

Tahaleb,i.Lens paluftris. 

Lamecnemum Cord:,i.Vaccaria. 

Tarifilon Anisenna. i, Trifolinm bite 
minofam. i 

Latula (lufii. Stramonia, 

Latoula Turcis,:.Pomum [pinofurns 

Tamus.Dodon.i. Bryouia nigra, 

Taraxacon,i.Dens Leonis. 

Tarfa,i.Tamarifens, 

Teda arbor,i.Pinns '/pluestris. 

Terzola,Baptiste Sardi,é, Eupatorinm 
cannabinum, 

Tetrahit,iberba Iudaica. 

Terdina Paracelfi,i, Phi magnum, 

Terpentaria,i. Betonica Aquaticas 

Teliphano,i. Doronicum. 

Thina,i. Larix. 

Thut.z. Morus. 

Thuia Theophrafti,i. eArbor vite. 

Thyffelinm, 1. Apium fyluestre. 

Thymbra,i.Satureia., 

Tornfol bobo,i.Heliotropinm. 

Topiaria,.eAcanthses, 

Trapexuntica Dattylus, idest Lanré= 
cerafis. 

Traginmy.Fraxinella. 

Tragism Germanicum,. Atriplex olida 

Tremula,i.Popitlus Lybica. 

Trifolium fibrinum,id est Trifoliumpan 
luftre. 

Trifelinm cochleatum,i. Medica 

Trifoliam fruticans,i.Polemonium, 

Trifolinm ASphaltites,i, Trifolium bia 
tuminofum 

Tuber terra,i. Cyclamen. 

Turbith i. T hapfia. 

Turbith Aniceune,i. Tripolinns,' 

Typhinm Theophrakh.inTnfilagos +3 


ne 


Eficariaperegrina, i. Pifam cor, 
datum. 
Veelgurta,Dod.s, Petrofelinum. 
Veratrum. Hellcborus. 
Veratrum pig Diof.i.Aftrantianigras 
Verbalcula,i.Primula veris. 
Verdelhel Haliah,. Ranunculus, 
Vithoriola,s.. Hippoglofium. 
Vitis albay.Bryonia. 
Vitis Idez,i. Vaccinia, 
Virgo fangutnen Marthiol:,.Cornns fa 
mina. 

Virga pafforis,¢.Dipfacns. 
Vitalss,2.Craffila. 
Vitalba,?.Viorua. 
Viticeha,?. Momordica. 


ra Vincetoxtcumts 


SS 


Nominum quorundamnterpretatio. 


Vincetoxicum, i, Afclepiase Vua ver{a,i. Herba Paris. XY 
{ Viola nigra, i. Viola martia. * Vuavulpis, i. Solanum hortenfes Yebet, i. Ansrum, 
H Viola flammea,i. Viola tricolor. Voupslaria, 7. Hippogloffism. 7 
ji Uiperaria, t. SCorzontras Voutaria,.i. Laurus Alexandyina, 
| i Vifnaga, i, Gingidium. Vvslaria Dodonet,i. Trachelium. Ahara Avicenna, id eft Anth by His 
q : Umbilicus Venerts, i: Cotyledon, Vulvaria,i. Atriplex olida. Lobel, 
| Unedo Plin, i. Arbutus. Vealgago Maceri,i. Afarvm, Zaiton,i.Oled 
Ongula caballina, i. Tuffil: Vreata Caya, i. Stramonia, Zarund,i. Ariftolochia. 
Vhticand, t. Solanum fom} Zarza parila, i. Sarfaparillae 
Ulpicum Columella, i x, Zerumbeth, i, Zedoaria, 
Vrinaria, i.dens leonts. Zixania, i. Lolium, 
Ufnea,i. Mufeus. Aier,i. Alniriem Libanotis. Zinziber camnum, in Capfictn, 
Usa lepina Afarcelli, t, Sambices ax Aaninn, 4. Melanthium. Ziziphus, 2. Inuiube. 
quaticn. Xylon,i. Goffipinnr Ziziphus alba,i. Eleagnus Marth, 
Dua taminia, i. Bryonianignas Xylocaratta, i. Ceratia filiqua. Ziziphus alba Camerariisie Olea Bow 
Vita lupina; +. HerbaP aris. Xiphinm, i. Gladiolus. hemiea. 


A Table of fuch Englifh names as are attributed to.the Herbes, 
Shrubs, and Trees mentioned in this Hiftorie, 


Archangel and his kinder 702  Warnactes,o2 tree geofe Say 
blacke Archangel, inking Hogeyound  . Warnabdesehittis 1166 
A 702 WarrenWw ost 480 
Water Archer of Prrowheatehiskinds, Wali and his kines 6n3 
Wrecoke 1449 416 Wiibe Wahi ae 
A Acatia 1331 BDrbutetree, oz Stratoberrp tree 1496 ted Cow Wahi de 
Bcontte 968.969 Brehed trce,tooke vaulted Figtrec rs14 colo avi . 
Hib, that te, Srmailage. Pigemony,iebattard Poppp ediskinds  Wattard divarfe Wor med 
; Adans Apple Ig6hI 516 373 . Watchciors butteng 472. 2 
Dod¢erg Graile, i. Dogs batiocks. Prrkolochia 846 Wane and his kindes 689 Z 7 
abe i, Snake teed, Hromaticatt reed a = trceandiiskindes, — 1407, caine 
Modders tongue 0. ron $ Why 34 ap DiliokM,o fis 
: Mfrican Marigow vi Artichokes 1153 chertp Map 19h Rab SAO bere 477, 
ot! Pryiopion Apples 357 Brimart, i. water. Pepper 445 ‘Milde Way tree x <A 
bY! Acaticke 1365 Mfarabacca 836 §©6Daange Wap ld 
Agrimonte 712 Mparagus and his kindes T1106 Weadetre ‘ ee 
\4 MBalkard and water Paritionp qrx Bipetrec, of Mipen tree 1487 «© Beane tre re - 
he a Menus Cattag ° : 1387 Dipbodiianvdisbinvsssrom 931097 + Weane Caper Fi 2 
} af : ets a Bguetrec 1523  Btheree 1472 Beaneandhis kindes 1 es 
: " ' : ¢) Hiecok, i. Coftmary. Ah bepes ibid. flat Weane,i.Luping 2. 
H ee. j 4/1 Ail-qood, i- faite Mercury, Wilde Alh,o2 Dutcken tree 1473 Wearded Grafle ban: z 
i \ i Pil good, i, Wenrp, oc Engh Mercury. “Aes Wop treo 1332 Beares biech 11 
a ee i i Bileheale 1003-1005 BMilpztan Appletree 1474 Weares careand his Kindes 794 yee 
i wae Miehoofe, i. ground Fay. Afprtan Din. 1499 © MBeares Garitche as 
4 La : | hy | Aierandergs, 02 Biiganders torg Hbengandbhis kindes 994,995  Wearetwozt saa Z 
at vis ih Blevanders foot, Wellitorp of Hpaine, BWrlich 1233  Weatefor 6 
iad t ie Bilerozr Pider, andhiskindes, 1449 Weled ibe onr Ladies Wenttrasy ae 
; heahet i 1477 é : Brwort ibid, 25 iew WBellg 430545! 
me teh Pi Ail=fcon, i. Wwilse Daach 334 Sphinad , : TOOK Fndian Worrice belle 1545 
hip j by alteings, i. ood. Sorrel, Bpgreone rl Sit Antumne Weil-floure pe & 
Pe ire tina Aimond tree 1445 Hteple Weileflonre , ” 
vig i i { iy Almond of Peru T 4 B Drepie belis SE wee bd 
‘ 75) aU ttl i j Bimond Winn trec 1497 ; SHeabelig é cy 
ig! afl a Bios 07 Apgreen.andhis kimdes $07 Wellfloures 430, ger 
aa Wy ikasengp, i. winter Cherry, AchGWort, of Lnit backe 807 Wilde Well Honres F ‘Bs 
Mea At) | ath AY Dikanet,o2 wilve Wugiolle 800 Palpmotne.cz Waldomony 332533 Warne sBelis ; & 
; As vi i Bincow and his kindes 1036 WGattard Watdnony roja Wet andhts binves by 
; i i | Ainbrofp, i, Demp gods fred 1108 » Wali tifte 1152 Wechtre ; sae 
aly Ainelt come 69 Baitue 689,690, Bech Wat : mS: 
ba BHnacardinm,'.beano€Walaca 1544  Walme Mint 684 Weenef uae 
} Puctnoucandhis kindts, from374,t0  AWalfamint 684  Wefom seen 534 
$85.5. AWalne tree 15281530 MDarilh Weetle, i. Cate tatie, 
yal a3 “es Teed 1033 Balme Spies, fee Apples of Ferafaien,  whtte Wehen 672 
Mie, i. Di Io? 363 ed On 
+ Angelicaand hs ¥indes 9 s Waifan Cre With the rat and wos, Went ei 
Anthpliis, og Kinkinggroundpine 622 ‘ 1528 Wertratt ae 
Sathoua 989 © Ballockegratte,i. Doge Cuiltons, 207 Werle, ox Wetre, i. Watkaro ye 5 
a vp ¢ ee ear I 459 si i pgsaiest ve (ic, )éripledlavy traces, anise wSetonyand big Bites nt eag) 
by Pthe earty As 21 Beton 5 
ze 2 offone,oz golten Appies 346 fSmeet Watlorks 218 Eine Betonp ix 
wap be fale i, DSperwort 56t Wig, or big Barley 70 
Baunana 1516 WindeSwerd 
363 &, Barbaraes herbe 243 $65 bea ai eae 
ts ay een A bi Bind 1326, Hea Windeweed, oa withrwoed 238 
449 atiey and bis bindes ° 6 i p 
Livia win et. epee i ; ie aa Windswed,o2 Windeloed sf 49e- 


859 
Wieky 


ERE Sree RET. MASEL ect eC PUTER ONO RMS 
A Table of Englith names.. 


Bie Binvewer 


aes 
PBrging Windewer 
re laa Mightthare 282 
3p thops iow 1036 
Withops nel 715 
iiberrics of I niberttes 1417 
Birch tres 1478 
Itrog tongue 1565 
trDs foot 1241 
Birds ctne 783 
Wirds nett 208 
Wirehwort andbis kinds 846.847 
UW iftozt and his kindes 399 
Witter (weet 3 os 


Witter Hosts 


Blache berries, toke WBzatible buh. 


Bladder nut 1437 
Wisk ball, i. Wick bottle 
Wiefled thiftie 1I7I 
OBie® bottie 332 
OBittes o7 Wiptes 320 
Miodwort, i. Woop Docks 389 
UB hooftrange, i. Moute taile 426 
Map Wioffomes, i. Conval Llp - 410 
Wolbonac, i. tohitefatten 464, 
OBombatt, or Hambalt gol 
MWBozage and bis kindes 797.807 
wats 818 
aor thozne 1332 
Divarfe 1507, o2 ground Wox 1410 
baftard dwarte Wor 1597 
WB or tree 1410 
Aeambie bisth “4272 
Bake andhis kindes, fe Sere 
WB anch peafe 1221 
WByanke bfue 1147 
IBright toheat 66 
Wrmonewozt,i. How Sennel 1053 
| SBevonte and bis kines 69 
Bndtan Wrtony, i. Wechoscan, 
Brome and bis hindes 1311 
Brame rape 1311 
iioeet Writer buth, fe Eglantine. 
Brier bath, i. ep tree 271 
ABpeomeMozt 1s Treacle muttard. 
Wrowwneswozt 716 
bale Brome ° 1316 
battard. Spantlh zome, 1318 
Wroke lime 6ar 
Wenfedost, i. Sopewort 444 
Wrucks beance 1194 
ABucks hozne and bis bindes 427 
SBucke Wheat 89 
Wucklerthorne, i. Chaitks hope 1336 
awBackrames 179 
aBbuckthozue 51338 
asuckmatt e 1444 
aBuglofle and his kindes 798.799 
apugie 631 
apultot. fe Coittfot. 
apallocks Lung woz 773 
Auilockscpe’ 746 
ABU wen 728 
Brlwoze 1136 
~AWriletie tree 1497 
Bnlitmong, i. Backwheat . 89 
WWnrnec 1045 
Borgundp Crefotic 1189 
Batre and his hinder 810 
Warre red 45 
Soater Barre borke 814 
Burkworr 369 
‘Wnttersp Satpiion ait 
Butterwoze of Butcer ror 788 
Wotter barre 814 
utter fonres 95% 
Butchers brome 907 
Watchers prichetro 3468 
Cc 
Bbbane, i. Cowes 3I2 
Catocus, 0; Cations 1544 
.. Calathiar viciets 438,449 
Pemiet and big Binded £87 


Water Caltrops 823.824 
Galues for 834 
€alticp ‘ 166 
Caines {rout and his bindes 549 
Calamus Promaticns 63 


Camels hap, fe Schenanthum, 


Cammocke, i. Bek harrow 1323 
Cammennt andhig kindes 954,755 
red Cammomil. . Flos Poonts 387 
Wilde Cammomtt 757 
Campton and his kindes 467 
Canaria graffe, feed 02 cone 86 


Cane, Cane red and bis kindes 36 
CankerWwozt,i. tein bed. 
Cankerwopt, i. eb 
Canker rofe, i. red Popp: 
ot Mullard, oz *Tandy Thlatot 


625 


Sans Alifanvers 1024 
Candp Carrots 1029 
Canturbury bells 261, ee 
Capers and his kindes 

Wapons tae, 1. great wilde Gslaic. 

1075 

Card Cefell 1167 
— oz Charlocke, and hig Bindes 
soitbe Warline thiftte 1159 
Carobetres 1429 
Sobite Caroline Thittle 1157 
Carrot andhig bindes 1028 
Swilde Carrot 1028 


finking and deadly Carrots 1030,103t 


Carawa and Caraway feed 1034 
Cafles o; Cares 1039 
Cafidony $86 
Wafkic Gitlofoures, i. Kock Gilosionres 
Cak me done 586 
Cates fiftala 31 
Waterptiiers,i. Scorpion grate, atid ‘his 
Bindes 337 
Cat mint oz nep 683 
Catch fp 601 
Cats for 856 
Cats tate, op Cats fyeare 46 
Cats tatle grafte 12 
patcklp oz Juniper Cedar ere 1374 
Cedar of Atbanug 1352 
Celandine 816.1069 
Tentory k 546.547 
Cefars tree {purge Sor 
Ceterach 1140 
Chatnelconthiltie 1137 
Champtonfeaboilp 1164 
Chadlocke, fee Ladiocke. 
Sobite Charneleon grate 26 
Chatte tre andhts kinder iz H, 
Chak wed, i. Cotton mad 
Cherry and bis kindes ,, frou I se 
101577 1407 
Cherrp bap 1603 
Swinter Cherries 342 
long Cherry tres 1466 
Cheenti tepaites9 
Great onfmect Chertiit 1039 
mocke-Cheruill, i, Syepheards Sred‘e, 
. Togo, 
Siater Cheltnue aes 
Ciyeeke bowies 


Cheete renning, i. Mdateg sBevcltcae, 
1126 


Thetinut sree 1442 
earth Cheftuut 1064, 
Fhecquered Daftoril ~ 149, 150 
“oe” andhis kinhes from 611, 
to61 
baftard ghicksoed 616.617 
i aa Mercury, i waldo BDctcurie, 
333 

Chinaroot 1618 
Choking Spurge, iter Spurge — 497 


Cijzitks wozt,oz Chrkts herde, ¢ Cheitt 


mag herbe, i. blacke @ilebor 977 
Chutts thozne 1336 
S. Chrikophers herbs O79.113% 
Chichling and bis binds 12301237 


Chithes and hte kndes 


$222:1223 
Switdo Thichew 3 


ue: 


tchosp 
Yee. 02 fue finger grate, from 38) 
0992 
Cinamome rot 790 
of ae Cinamome tree, the leafe and tranké 
1532 
filken Cicelp 808 


bei and big kindeg, frotn 127540 
126 
€ ins Ledon from 128 $ ta 


1 
¢ itifue but, i. milke Create, 02 fat 
Erefotie from 1304, to 1309 


Citron Appie tres 1464 
Citra! Cucumbers 913 
the wtipe Citrul 9 I 2 

Cities of Chines 


Detanse Ciarp, i. Javiters mitted, 
aj 02 Clearp 


770 
Swilde Clary 769. Mie 
Ciancr 11851186 
hopned of blacke Clanee TI9ok 
Ciauer gentic 1187 
Marit Cianct 119. 
garden Cianer. 119 
Snaile 07 fea Cianer I199 
Cieaners, o7 goofe grate 1122 
biting Tiematis 88e 
Ciot burre 810 
Tioud berries 14201630 
Tione Gillofer and his bindes, from 58 
t0597 
Tiusler of Grapes 874) 
Townes Wovdtoozt of Pil-heale ined 
Ciewnes Lungiwoze 
the Cioue tree ss 
the Clove berry tree 1610 
ea Cole 83% 
Cinfus bak wang 289.301.302 
Corks fot gral: 27 
Cocks heads. i.medow Crefoile 1186 
Cocks heads, 1. red itching 1243 
Cockic¢ 1087 
Covdeo Trefoite IrgO 
H wet Cods 21g 
ToleWoze and his kindes. from 3123 


to 317 
Coloquintida, o7 Coloquint,¢ his kinds, 


915 
Hares Colewort 295 
Colflozp 314 
Colts tat and bis kitdeg Bri; 812 | 
Cone, '. Pine Bpple 1355 
Columbine andhis hinds — 1093,1094 
Comise,<  Slabane Bolse from scr 
6.485 
Tonfound 806 
talddic and littie, 634, 637 
Tonnali Lilip 410 
Contra=perua 1621 
Comfrey 806 
{potted S08 
Copal and big kindes 1$75.1578 
Cozaitre 161g 
Copal prince 1397 
Cozal Worts 984.505 
Cozalline.p; Cozal mole 15721572 
Cozke tree 1347 
Toplander and his kindes ror2 
Cone 6s 
Come Flag and bis kindes Jog 
Come grafic 5 
Come Wofe.ez Poppy 4or! 
qiliifloter oz pinke 438 
faliad 31x 
flonre 932 
marigolD 143 
Coanel fre and hiskinds 1466.1467, 
Cotula and his kinoes 757 
Cotton gratte 29 
plant 90r 
ly 1149 
RO 645 
Com 


A Table of Englifh Names. 


CoMiitp and his bindes q8r 
Cowlty of Fernfaiem, 07 Hageot ae: 
tofalern 


mountatine Colniips a 
Dow Bagi 492 
Cow woheat 9° 

Inilde gt 
Coarse Samach 1474 
¢ Coburg 649 

Cofng 1620 
Conch orate 23,GC- 
Conentrp bells 385-448 
Tonentrp Raper 448 
Cow parineps 1009 


Eockaconbes, 03 eng combes,i: ent 
Rattic 


rah geafle é : ; 
Crabtree 146 
Crabs clasv oz freth Sater Sonldionr, 
826 
Traphthh 76t 
Cranes iii from 940 to948 
Trato.o: Rape Crotofat 953 
Crofles and bishinoes 243,250.253. 
25.4-2570261 
Creftmarine 534 
Crinfon Cenar : 1374 
Trofle floure 564 


Crotewoztandhiskindes 433. 1123 
Crowfot and his kindes trom 829 


£0865. 

peliow® Crom belle, o; pellow Parcifas 
133 

Crow foys, i. Swiloe Bole Campian, 


71 
ari toed, i. Bpatinths 107 
Crow foures 600 
toater Crofot 829 
Crowwfot Craneg bili 943 
Double Crotofot 997 
iwhite ib, 
Troko gariicke 179 
CnckoM pint oz pintle, and his kindes, 
834 
Tuckow Gillofloures 600 
Tuckow Dichis 208 
Cackow floures, 7 Ladp Smocks 255 
Cuckowes meate, oz Cackowes fogreil, 
ie OD Sozrell _ 1202 
Cucumbers and his kindes 910 
tnilve gi2 
Curwer, fee Cottonwed, 
Dwwer Cullions 218 
Cail meto pou 855 
aLantes Cufhion 602 


Cuirage, 1. Arfmart 445 
Cullions and cher Bindes, from 205. to 


Gaetan Pawrhone 1327 
Cuintn and hig kinder 1066 

Swilte 1067 
Curang op fnall ratfons 854 


ted, Sobite,and blacke 1393 
eee CTppzes, (i) Lanander Cotton 


ype tres : 1367 
Cyprelle qrafle andhia kindes 1219. 


21.22,29.20, 


sy Mozmewmd, tobe Wiaymewod, 


Cyoies tparge, feo Spurge 498 
field Cypress 525 
Typres wor Grafle 19 
D 

 BEoutllandhigkintee  fromx23 

to 137 
D sDaffodosonvilly 133 
Day Waly, 99 
Darhice 634, Fes 
Dalmartart Hloure delice $2 
Daimattau cap, i. Chlipa 137 
Dandelion 25T 
DanveWort 1426 
Darnei 98 


Darnel grate 7:30 
Datetree 1517 
+ a Datetra 1529 
Daucus 1023,1028,1029 
Deadnetticandhighindes 702,703 
Dew gralle 27 
Diers Wed } 494 
gtening wed 1316,1317 
Diil 1033 
Diptame 997 
Dittander 241 
bafard Dittanp 797 
Diuels dit 726 
Pocke 338,389 
Dopoer 577 
Dogs gralle 23 t. 
Doge rts 422 
Dogs tath 204 
diolet 984.985 
Dogs bane 903 
cole 334. 
Cheries 1296 
Rofe 12971 
' pile ox tongne 804 
home 1274 
Mercury 334 
Cuiltongs o2 fenes 207 
bercp tre 1467 
Foi 757 
106 
Dona his Wonndzosat 431 
Doswne thittle rI$2 
‘ones Foot 938 
Dragons 831 
agons biod, i. Wiodiwort 39° 
zagons blod,fec Daagons tre 
biting Dagon, i. Carragon. 249 
zagon tre 1$23 
Dyakes rot 1621 
aDiantkeoz D2ake 76 
Dropwort 1058 
Doubieieake, i. Cmpapblade 423 
Donbic tongue 909 
Dack bill Mheat 66 
Ducks meat 829 
Drug eres 1609 
Dunve downe, i. Cate tae 48 
D wale, :. Mighrhade 339 
Dwarte grafic red and white 3 
Dwarfe Ciftus 1284 
E 
Bleriin Paiuet 1396 
Egiantine, i-fweet Wer 1259 
Egrimonie, |. Hgr.monp 7i2 
Egyptian Woznsmod 1101 
Egpptian chore 1330 
, Egpptiang herbe, i. Seater Pozhound 
7920 
Egyptian Fig tree 1509 
Egyptian Wulberrp tres ib. 
Elder and his kiades 1422 $C, 
marifh 1425 
Divarfe 1426 
Eline and his kindes 1481.1482 
Eilebore, tee Wetleboze. 0” bu ae 
Cictampane 793 
Endtucandhiskinncs ~ 281-282 
Swtide 284 
Engitth Mercury 329 
Exingus and his bindes 1162 
Erg, i. bitter Vetch 1231 
Garth nut 1064 
€ thpoptan pepper 1539 
Gshtopian Wallets 772 
Euphorbinm, i. gum thittle 1178 
Coreh of thornp 1179 
Cw or Pew tree 1370 
Epebsight 663 
GEircr green Walueé “1398 
Ener green thomne 1604 


F 

Hire Faces ina hod 855 
Faire haired Jacinth 117 
Fale Mercury,  Bii-gwr 329 
Halcies 209 
Seaberep bath 1324 
Feather top grafle 9 
Kelwozt and bie kintes 432433 
Hollow leafea 435 
baftard 436 
Fennel and big kindeg 1032 
Fennel gpant. i. Feroia 1056, 
Fen berry, .  htatamtaiing 1419 
How Fenn Loss 
Fennel a 1530 
Fenny Kones 222 
Henugreke and hig kindes 1196 
Feyneandbiekindra © 128 
Small § 213231133 
Swater 413K 
pittp 1136 
biacke Dke 1137 
Dke ibe 
Dwarte fea 143 
Fedderkei og Fencrkeo 652 
Fig tre 1S1@ 
Divarfe ib, 
Higwors, i, fmall Celaidine 816 
Fig beane 1217 

arched oz bavltedD Hig tre I 


514 
oe Fig tres toith the feute tee 


‘genous and big Bindeg, i. Dippieat 


Fics i. 1363 
Fiicke nat tre 1436 
Ioies Fitts 1584 
Bed Hiechling 1245 
Witter Hitch 1225 
Tufide ps or Vetch 2229.1228 
Budtan Fi 1629 
Flugered anc 4 


medow Fiue-finger 
rei = ia rate rel Kinds, i. Cingare 


from 987 tog92 

Comme Flag : ion 
TUflde ng and bis binder $0 
Garden Silage 556 
disibe $s8tassa 


@oead-flayand Klac- Wad Ioith bis Binds 
rom ssote $55 


Flares Cate 1 Pa Wheat. 


Ficabans Lait Sr 
Ficawozt and vis Kindes 5 = 
ssaalss soot : 

pbane and isbinves. fo atctig. > 
Kilgmed and Hiirwere 1068 
Flopence Floure de ince = 
Hlotegralle o; Fiotergratie . 


Flonze gentie,oz Houze of lone € hig sins 
322,32 


2 i Fionre gentle loke Wiltnm mains 
sis of Confkantinopic o2 of Weikow, 


467 
Fionve of Candy o of Fernfatem, ibs 
Mlonre delute,i. Wate bdours - 322 


Sune 7SE 
Boonis 387 
soph Deluccanddishinure  fromse 
0 
bnibed from o9 fo r02 
Fdoig golden Fionre 645 
fone fading Floure ame 
Houring Red 
Piet ce purple delist Zogre, i. dente 
gentle g22 
female Slueli(ts 625 
bis kindes 627 
Demy gods fod, i. AmbsoGa 08 
imke Dke of Paradtie 
Foiefot. i. Colts far, 
fea Folefot 338 


Fwles Bones 208 


Srozebtt 726 
forget menot, i. arountilitie 527 
Sore ieaferaratte 1198 
Sor qlones 04 finger floure,and his Binds 
790 - 

ior fisnea 207 
Sor tatle and hts kindes 87 
Ffor talle graile, j yOurE 
Forihic piant,, fer Wuplereun 
HFrambotie,i Walpis 1272 
Frenke fpurcp 1125 
Frankincente Bolimarp ToIe 
SFrankbincente tree 1435 
Fwlefelans Dachis: 219 


FHrelh Water fouldier, water Sengren 
21826 
French Mercury 
French Hage, oz wardsp Wurtein 
Dtarwort 
MBarpaoeitd and his kines 
Mailotocs 
ALekes,o, Wine takes 
aLuna toot 
Zatander 
Wiozuiwwd 
IWeans 
Dente 
beat. 


Dike ; 
Frterg pile, i. Wrinewoye 
Hiters coule, 2 Frievs hod 
Frters crowne 
SFrogebtt ; 
Frog gralle 
Wied Frog gratfe, fe Tragon © 1117” 
aiuers ae Bndtan Frits, from 1547 
tor556. 


Fatiers Ceakeit 1167 

SFuintrozp and hig kindes 1088 

bulbous . 190 

Surrowed grate 26 

Furs and Furzen buhes ¥319 

SuMlebatis 1583 
G 


Buant, i. Bnetone, inde floure. 
Englih op Spanith Galirgatt, i. 
Cyperus. 

Galingal great and {malt 33, 
Gailow graffe.:. Bempe. 
Galltre and Gail Die with his indes 
1348 


@angfoure 564 

Gardeners delight > 02 Oarveners Epe, 
467 

@arydrobe 1293 

@arliche and his kindes 1782. 

@aritiks Sage 662 


Parland thogne, fe dijzifts those: 

Garlicke Creaclewosr, op Warlichemns 
ftard and bts bindes. Se ‘Treacle mus 
ftavd 

Stags 02 Barts Garlicke 179 

@arlickhe Germander,fee Heogote, 

Garnley viciets, (i.c.) Stocke ilies 
floures. 


aBaten oz Bater tree 1467 
Ganie, oz {deet toriiow T4t4 
Geived Satyprton 223 
@eldres Rofe 14.25 


@Genttan, o2 HelWost, and hls Hindes 
432 


Bermander and his kindes 656 
great o2 tree 658 
Doater op garitcke 661 

Welleintne 852 

iti creep by the grotnd 856 

PiAlofloure and his kindes 588 
fea frocks 460 
SHinter 02 Rogues 463 
Yoster ~ = '826 
‘diine 7 599 
maith 600 
Inallog peliow ftocke 457 
QDuenes, Dance ». violets 463 


A Table of Englifh names, : 


buibed focke 147 
focke 458 
Ornger 6r 
Otnny hen floure 149 
Bith. i. Ptgetia 1084 
finding Giavdvow 35 
Water Giadioie 29 
Diatleswozt ‘ $35 
Blove Crowfat 559 
Giobe tific VISE 
Wiobe Daly 637 
Gods floure 647 
Gwdnight at nine befosenone 936 
Goid fioure 645 
Golden Motjwoozt, or golden Cudtorn, 
47 
Golden floure of Peru 751 
Golden thitiie 1155 
Golden Thitkte of Pery 4011156 
Gotven Grefotle 1123 
old of pleafure 273 
Boivpiocks o2 golden mofle 1559 


Golden Oe epe, fee Wuphihalmun € hes 
&indes 

Goiden flouregentic, and Golotleckes, 
646 

Goirenwozt of Languedocke, fer erba 
Dera 

Goiven Harafrage 841 

Goilren rod and his kindes 429 

ee Apples, fee Appics of Lope 


Gabrcup an Gold knop, and hts kines, 
95ne 

Deg nevate Frenchy Wolds, 02 fingle 
tench Warigoivs. dLookic Flos B= 

~ Fricanus, 

Goote tree, i. arnacietre. 

“biantoztree Beefe 3587 
orio,i. Furs. 


Gooieborry bulh 1324 
Gooke grate, 1. Cleaners 1122 
Goole for, i, Moline Prach, 329 
Gotenck 228 
@ofe fhare,i.Goofe gratle, 

Go fobed at noone 538 


Goats deard, 1. Wede=fmet, oz Tragos 
pogon 
wee Digan, oz Woats Warserorme, 


Goats jaal fee Tragon 117. 
oats thomeandhiSindes. 1328 
®osts Rue 1252 
Goats ftones 210 
Gord and hfs bindes 923 
Swtide 915 
Gouttoost. i. Perbe Gerard. 
Grace of God, 0, H.Fobns grate. He 
5S. FJohus wozt, 
Gratta Det . 581.943 
fea Grape, {ee Haip 
Grapes 876 
fea Brape, i. Watfors of the fea 1117s 
1615 
Grapew ort, that ts, Haine Chzithophers 
herbe 
Grape floure 118 
matted: 119 
Warnailas grate andbhiskiudes 840 
@rafle and his kindes, from 1 to 
gi 
Graines of Paradtfe 1342 
Minter green 408 
Greentig toedandhiskindes 1316 
Gromtl ands bindes 609 
Oromtl red 38 
Gilde Gromit, fe Dnchafa 355 
Groundfatiast, i- land Calsrops 
Ground Furs 1323 
fea Ground Dine 622 
Gun thitic,1, Cophorbinne | 
GutWort 507 
Groundfweil and his Bindes 279 
Waatacum tree ’ TOILE 


3 
H 
Bivp qratte T4761 
H ge wood grate : 7 
Dardbeame 1479 
Baresbelis ur 
Wares ballocke, i. For fones, 
Bares foot Cretolie Ii92 
Wares Aettace, fee Sonchus levis. 
Pareseare be 8 
Pares Cones 
Good king Parry. i: Englith Ade, a 
Harts cale 955 
Partichoke, feos Ar richoke, 
Bartwe.ts of Ca vp i049 
fone tarts tongue 1138 
Hartwost of Eryiopta T42¥ 
Peart Crefoite T190 
Parts Clauer 1206 
Barts thone 1338 
Parts hogneand Wuckes home nae 
Darts tongue and his kindes 1138 
HartWoprt and his kindes Toro 
Partwost,i. Ariltvlochia. 
Balel. i. Hilverdoz Mut tree 
Patciwose 536 
HalkWozt andhis kindes 450 
Patchet Fetch 1236 


Harber, fee heath 

Hanketoecv andhis Lindes, from296 ta 
293. aif0 305, 1625 

Daucr, i. Dats, 


Grafie 1% 
Parwthozne tree 1327 
Peale dog 465 
Herons iil 94° 
DHvath of Jericho, oz Beath rofe 1386 
Heath andh.s kindes 1320.60 1386 

{purge 1505 
Hedgehog thittie 1177 
Hedgehog qralle 17 
PHedgehogiliquozice 302 
Hedgebeils 86, 
Hedge Bpop 564 S8E 
Helicbzeandhls hindes, White, 440 

biacte 97% 
biacke Weticbore of Diolcoztdcs 1002 
bafkard blacke Welicbozs 976 
Deimct floure 972 
pellow Helmet flonre 970 
Hemlocke and hts ikindes _ 106.1062 
Hempeandhis Rindes 708 
aempe tre 1487 
Gilde or nettle Wempe 909 
Sacer Penpe qt: 
Ienbaneandhts Mindes 353. togsy 

of Deru 35& 

pellow 356 
Henne & 
Penbtt 617; 
Aens bill fee Onobrychis, 

Hens foot. i. Wedge snmitorp, 


Heits combe, fee Cocks combe. 
oon Henry, '. Engith Werenrp. 


Hep tree 1269 
Yerbeterribie 507, 
wetbe Fernla 1056 
yperbe Carpenter 632 
Hperbe Citlitart 1036 
@®erard; i, Gontwort roor: 
Paris 405 
Grace i.due,and his Winves 
aBenct 998 
Trintty 1203 
Fup. i. arts hoyne Plantatne, 
Robert 939 
(Cwo pence 639 
Bjoes 507 
Tuy ,o7 ground ine 525 
Pillow 48o 
fiotmming herbe,or Ducks meate 829 
Perbe Frankincenfe 1010 
holy Berba 778 
Perewles his tooun Dk cos 
Pigtaper 77 


or renee rarer: amarante 


2 erimodacplus 164 
Dinoeberryp and hig Bindes 1272 
Dtpwost 530 
Curkp hire 83 
Wrllop and his Windes $79 
Bockes, fee olhocke. 

Bogs beang i. blew Dailies 413 
Hogs Fennel 1053 
Polme, Voliy,and Bulver,with hle kunds 

1339 

Pointe. of Wolpoke 1342 
DHolphecke and his Hinds g28 
Holy Chittie, fe blesen Chile. 

Dolp fed T1Ior 


Hollprofe and his Aindes from 1275 to 
saan 


Bea Wolly, fea Wolme, feaduluce 1162, 


1163 
baftard fea Pollies 1164 
PolWort oz Wollow root and hts Bindes. 
190 
Bomlocks, i. hetbe Wennet 1061 
Pomlocks aifo ts Filipendula. 
Swtlde 02 Water Bomlocks 1063 
Dtinking Bom'ocke 1062 
Dail Poneky, j. Pinckes 
Ponewore, 1or8 
Bony Dore, fee Cormthe 538 
DHonplackleand hie Atndeg 891.1294 
1r5 
Bop and his Bindeg 885 
Hop Crefoile 1186 
Hooden WilloH herhe 477 
Hooke heate ' 633 
Hophound and hig Hindeg 694. 
Swlide 702 
Swateroz marth 700 
Blacke 02 tinking FOX 
Porhe-beame oz Dardcbeametre 1479 °° 
Poezned fea Poppy 367 
PHoreltrongn; Bozellrange 1055 
Borfe-tongue 908 


Horfe floure, fe Mclampium 


50 
Foz lecheale, 1, Elecatipane, 
Wogle hofe 812 
Worle fot 814 
Aazthae 1235 
Pomotaties i, Dhanegrafie,and hig binds 
Iir3 
Worfenine 684 
Water Bonleke 826 
fea ” 507 
Qteat $10 
Hounds tongue 03 pilte 804 


Hound-berrp tree 1467 
Dundsed headed EThyitle, tee Champton 
fea Bolip 1163 
Hurt fickle, i. Blew hottie, 
Bypacinths, fee Facinths. 


Hptop, fee Wittop. 
I 
Ackeokthebniterp “SSIS. 
PFacke by che hedge, i. ‘Turners gars* 
icky ozt 79 
Bacitth and hig indes from 106 
fa120 , 

S James wort i, Ragwore 280 
Fatemtne, Feliniie, of Jette ; Bose 


FewWwes thorne,i. Cinits thoane, 
Ferufaten Artichoke \ 753 
Pinpeviall Liitp, op Crowne? Zmperiait, 


Bincenfe root, fe Frankincente Bofemas 
te. 


Fadtan Spikenara 1080 
~ $20. '. Flouring rep 39 
MVoilp 02 DBVoite 1530 
Sunfioure 75 
Fiqtree ESI2ISIg 
@cbaco 358 
Dattieale 85 
Theat Meine 
MBrltet 83 
BWDirabolang oz blung Tsoo 


mozzice beile 1545 
nut tres 1H22 
Crefleg 252 
Pannicke : 84 
Beaneg 3544 
Poplar 1487 


Wonrner,. Dowowéalltre 1527 
£)Wallo® Mozt, i, Wiifanck 899 
leafe, i. Tamalapatra 1534 
H Met Johns and bis kindes 599 
Aquare D Fobns Wwost $42 
5. Fohns wort and bis Bindeg 540 
B.Fobns brea 1429 
obs reares 02 br0pa 88 
Sone Glace pin:i. donde Soppy. 
Tolephs floure, thar ts, Boe to Bed at 
none, 
teos i. herent of she Swhite Flower de 
luce. 


Flop i. Hplop. 
Biewod, i. tony eed, 02 WoOd made 
foneg. 


Fitaltan Hitch 1252 
Wd of iife, Commonly called Lignum 


Vite, 1495 
Cedar tree 1369 
Pauciwogt $30 
Datmeate, toke Panicum 84,85 
Rocket, fee Rhefeda 277, 
cca on Pucca 1543 
Fudag tree 1428 
Fbp and his indes Er 858 
tonnd Fup 856 
Tunipce amd his Windeg 13721629 
Buinbe tree I5OE 
the greater 1605 
Unos teareg 718 
Buptters epe o7 beard 51k 
Dupiters vitae 769 
Boray, '. Darnell, } 
oy 
K 
Arie fe Crees. : 
S. Fatharines floure 108s 
akeniocke j 233 
ArernelMooge 716 
Here s T1062 
Atonep bean and big Bindes Eso corr 
to 1216 
Astonep beane oF 26h 121 


T™3. 
Tiouey Wetch 1240 
JRt& and Utkaton, fee Palma Chrifti, 496 
mons Manine, i. Werrien Havin, 
137 


Itings fpeare 


214 
Huey beane of Coppes America, 1214. 
Is 


96 
Ling Cob, i, Crowfoot, , 
Sipper nut rob4. 
Tite Hepes 1472 
Aner naples, fee Silver, 
Line huiver . ® 907 
Hnaplowd and hig Lindeg 


727 
Hnawellany Parhy picrt, i, final Darte 
frage 


566 
Linehoine 927 
Reds grate 15 
Kntahts fparre 1083 
nights Wirfoe 1074 
Unights water Dengren 826 
Gold Rnopg, j, Cromfot, 
Anot berrp 7630 
not qratte 565 
XS 55.4567 X 
Bnotry Conch grate 23 
Gy 
i Beca and bis rotten tres 1533 
D Me Ladies hoe, fe ont davies 
Nipper - 
Ladtes Beotraty 1126 
Dar Lavtes hatre 1144 
Ladies combe 


1o4o 
Aadies glatte, fey Genng lobing slate. 


aLadies bower 887 
our Ladies hiftle 1r50 
ALadp laces 26 


aLaby inocks 259.260 
Radics Seale, i. Milde IB zfonp 87x 
Ladies mantle, i. great Sanicie 949 


dLambes Lettnce 310 
Lancathire Diphodst 96 
Hand Caitrops 


1246 
Londoners Way buf, i, tWhite thezne, 
Aangdebeefe o2 Motide Buglotre 498 
Landcleapers Spurge, te Efala maior, og 
Dauacklainerg Turbith 
Rarks {purre and Latkes beele,oz Larkea 
elation 


1083 
Darks fpurre oz Larks hele telfes bane 
971.973 


Larch o2 Harte tree 1365 
Laferwort 1006 
Aauender cotton IOI9 
aLauender fptke $85 
fea Lanender 4 


ALaunce for a Lad, les Cats tate, 
dlaurel of Merandzia 


90 
SLanrel oy Wap tre ps 
Laurel oz fparge Lanreli 140$ 
Leke and hig indeg 174.176 
ALeadinorr 44701254 
ALcather Snmach 1474 
Lentil ans pig Kindes “3224 
Aentificor MDa thicke tree 1432 
Leopards bare, fee B contte 969, 
Arttace and hig bindes 305,96. 
Lthiong 599 
Aichwale 609 
dignum Borg 1622 
Utgnuni bite 1495.061x 
Hilly Connal,i Day Lily 410 
tedoz purple 192,193 
St eat andimall mountatne Uilp, 196 
200 
Water 819 
feb of Conftantinople 197 
Perfan a gor 
ALtllp, i. Dorp 
White Uiilpand aifo Whitedilip of Con- 
flantitopie + 190 
Limon tree 1464 
A tmeSwogt, fee Vifcaria 6 


Ox 
agers o Line tree and big Bindes 
1483 
Ling, fee Beath, 
Lingwort 44x 
Lions Cyrnep 2 
alions foot, fee Leontopadion t 642 
6: ! 


43 
Jong teafe, fee Liong tarne. , 
tong foot 02 pato 949 
Atquertee or ILtcozice and Ys Bindeg, 
1302 
Liriconfancy,i.DayAiiy. 


Lins in Zdienefic 8$4 
Aine long, i. Spanith Dipine, 
Hinertpozt and his Hindes 13865 
Shite 840 
Spoon 1567 
noble Aiterivort, i, Garden Tretotle 
120: 
Lockrom Gontong 958 
aLondon Tufts $99 
Lote tree 1493 
dlonage 1008 
baftars 1048 
ALoufe herbs og Loulswort, i. Dtanes= 
acee, 
Lonle ponder 4549 
Looe rife, i. Ly Gmachig 474 
Lowey.i. Lauri} 140$ 
Aewmfie graff 2 OIF 
Hung wore 204.808.1585 
fea . 1567 
tree 1566 
Rong flours 433 
Auptnes andhis Binde 3217 


Luttioat, i. Syn Dew, 
Aptimachta, i, Loofe rife. 


The Table of Englifh Names. 


M 
Dad apples 345 
Madver and his kiudes 1118 
Mavnep 1009 
Galens Badwwoott. 465 
SBagpdare- 1007 
Matdenhatreandhis indes 11 43.1144 
1146 
‘Common MBatdenhatre 1146 
Garden Maliow and His kindes 928 
Che Wotide Walioto, 930 
Uerneine Mallow oz cut MBatiow 
931 
Mari MDatioto 933 
Petiow Watiow 935 
Gentee Matiow 936 
Mamoera : 1608 
Mandrake and his bindes 352 
Manna aratle 27 
Mapie and his kindes 1485 
MPavacocke 1592 
Margerites herbs 637 
Martoromeand his kindes 664 
Wiiivo ox battard o7 ground Warlerome 
666 
Goats Warferome 668 
May-sweed 5a ER 
MPatozane (ec Marievome : 
Makiebate f, 1310 
Dariets 448 
Marigold andhs kindes : 739 
Goiden Marigoids 742 Cope a tad 
Bern 751 Warkh _ 817 
Martagons 293 
WDarucllous apples: 363, 
Marneil of Perv 343 
Watterojte 10oT 
Wiacke 978 
Matkicke and his tree 1432 
Matttcke Time 67° 
Wattard i. Goats Warterome 67x 
Dat rree,t. Firtree 
Matchtood,inConchwood 
Matfelion 727 
Matweedand the bindes 41542143 
I 63 ° 
Maudeliine 649 
Maitheg,i. Wayweed 
iRed 387 
Deat Sumach 1474 
Mech oacan 873 
MD epdicke Fetch 1243 
Fodder 1199 
Mead finet ; : 043 
gadoln parinep 009 
Ton 37. Grefotle, 1185, zalle,> 
Mediar 1453 
Melon thittie 77 
DMeittote 1204. 
Melons 917,925 
Wercurie trae 332 
Witlde,333-Engiih, 329 
MWercuries diolets 448 
Murch Aeszercoinr 1403 
Wnrta rd Wevinswoob 1495 
Mei or Meon T0$z 
DPtifotieann his kindes 1072 
Water MDtifotie i; 827 
Miike crefotte oz fhaub Crefolte. 1304 
Mile betchy 1242 
MPile Moor and his bindes 563 
Wlackeand Mobtte 1243 
Milet 80 
AMPiliet grate 6 
Mtitwatkefee Spieneioozt 
MWitmountaine 560 
Mint and hts bindes i 680 
Water: mint; Hith, 02 Wrooke Aine 
4 
DMountaine mint 687 
AMtrtic and dis kindes 541i 
Mirobaiane and his kindes 3500 
MW tMeltoc o7 ASiftietos 1350 
PHithaidate mukard 26% 


Mithatdate Wolfes bane 969 
Mocke=Wwiilocw 160% 
Docke-prinet 1395. 1600 


oly op forcerers Baritche 1835184 
Molle Clufii & Lobelii 1530 
Money: Woat 63 


fo] 
Moonekooztand his kindes 4055 464. 


1132 


Moone-ferne 1138, 139 
Mogrice belis of Jndix 1545 
Mooze=gralle 1556 
DMozell og petty mozell,i. Piahthade 
Mofles and his kindes 1558, (01563 
Mofle Fezne,i.polppoop 
Seamofte,i.Cozailine 
Mother-wort 705; 652 
Mother oftime 570 
Monte care andhis Kinde 3373639 
DM oute-tatie 4.26 
Dugwort and his kindes N03 
Mugwet,i.ctoodzofe 
Petty Mug wee 112) 
Mulberrtetres and his kindes Woz 
Muiberrie fig tree 1509 
Mulictueand his kindes 9749778 
Wooddy Wulleine,i, French fage 767 
Wale Aaileine 782 
Moth Anileine 177 
Wolly op Ethioptan MWuileine 779 
Wetep Mulleines 782 
Bankes hood 972 
_ Bubarbe 391 
BDuske ioty an Se 
Melons 7 
Role 1266 
Maftard common 2 
(Ereacie |, 262 
A Ss oni 272 
labret gratte,i Scrophularia 
good TOG 


inthauins : 1$79 
re Duhrnw,i. onchwmod 1584 


N 
AileWort 624 
Mauciwmort $29 
ALavics Pantit $29 
IMauct gentle 236 
SPaveM andhig kindes 236 
Pavew Chozow war 300937. 
Meckwed.i.Bempe 
Mefing powder - 441 
SMPenuphar,i Water ily 
IMep foe Cat mint 
MecGingwozt of Meelelmort and his kinds 
606,607 
Mettle and his kinds 706 
Mettic eres 14.93 
Dead ozblinde Mettic Jo2 
ener dping bozage 997 
IMcottan,i.@abacco 
Nigella and bis bindes 1084,1985 
Sicld o7 Wilde ; 1087 
Pightthade 3395340 
Sleeping oz deadly 339,340 
Bed & 350 
Fuchanters 351 
Cre 360 
SPozmandy Wheat 6G 
Mofebeed,i. arrow 
Poone tide, fee oto bed at J2oone] 


RMutsandhishindes 1438, 1437, 14.41 
152251547 


2ntimneg tree 1537 
FBndian uc yon 
Spanth Mut 1o 
Madnuts : 1548 
Purging o2 sornting Murs 

W947 
Water nuts $23 
Bacaaaa 


0) 
Culus Chrifti,i.wflde Clay 4 
rg pen 
Oyler greene,i, Hea Lungewore 
Dilip Puife,oz Sefamum 2232 
Dike and his kinds 3339 
erne U3 5 
DEFerufalem, of Cappadocta,op yar 
dite 08 
fcarlet 134% 
Goat Holme oke 1344 
Ditander.s. Hoke bap 
Diiucteceand his kinoes 
13 92,1393 
Ditve Spurge 1q0% 
Dneberry,i.herbo Darla : 
Dne blade,i.one icafe 
Dnionandhis kindes 169, 
Dnion og buiber Biphootit 
97 
Dpen arfe,i. Wedlar 
Dple,i Marri Eider 
Dyach andhis binder 324% 
Stinking 328 
tide 325,326,327, 
MD 2chanet,i. Pikernet 
Dachis andhis bindes » 205 
et 228 . 
zengetres 1405) 
Diengedap He 
Degany i tollve Marleromes 
Goats Drgany 668 
Drobanch r3ri, 1312 
Ppobus.ibitter Dietch . 
Dapine and his kindes 4 
519,520 


Dastce,i Sf louresde-Ince 
Ofer 


389 
Dimundthe water man,i. Btaterferne 
II3t 


Fudan Datineaie 85] 
MDatgandhis kindeg 75 
MDte 'Thiftie DI7z 
Mutlanvifh Role oD 
Dre epe and hig kindes 746,747, 
Dre tongue,iccifine Wyatorie 
Great Mrebeate 979 
Drelips 78a 
iby 
Mdellor 949 
Paddocke ftooies Wy ag 
Paigles oo Comaips and his bindes 
780.781 . 
Painted gratte 26 
Palme tree, fee Datetres 
Palma Chrifti 220, and466 
Panay og Woundkoort,shis Kinds, = 1003! 
1005 
Pannicke and his kinds 84,85, 
Pannicke grafle 8 e 
Small Pannicke gratte 16 
Panfies o; Harts-aale - B85 
Paper reed 40 
Darke leaues 54m 
Pooomang parmacetp,i, Shepheards 
Parle 
Palkesworts 78K 
 Pratling parnett 738 
Parlelp and bis sindg 1013, 
Wreake tone 3594 
Parfelp piert,i.knaweil 
Water and hts kinds log 
Wafkard,oz red Parhp 1025 
hronahbored Darielp ». « 102g” 


Parielp bnotten,.o22,thountain 5 10155 

Hedge,to22 ttone,1016, MIId,1020 
azden ¢ woilve Parhey toag 
Cow Parhiey ; 1000 
Dalles 


99 afle Loure,op Dafle velour. 383 
Paflions,i, Snabewed 
alton Boure 1592 


Patque floure fee alle floure 
Patkell,).woad 
Partence,i. Docke 


Pauls Wetony 629 
Peach tree andhts bindee 1447 
Peach =Wort.i.deadarfemart 
BPeare tre aud his kindes 1456 
Wide Pearetree 1457 1458 
Peafon andbis bindes 1219,1220 
dong ib. 
Snare beluct 1198 
Death Deale 1237 
Euerlating 1229 
Iozfoise fea Peake 1251 
Dente cavthnut 1237 
Prarie gral ~ 87 


Pearle plant,i. Gomi, 
ellamountaine : 


PDellitozy of Spatne ihe 
Yralfe Wellitory TOG 
Priittozy of the tort 
Denny graie " I 
Penny Wountatngy. Ciile time ~ {°° 
Penny ropailand his kindes © 67x 
ey Wwozt,or Wall Penpwoort $29 
Tater Ienp Wort $29 
Hen Dinny Wort $32 
HheopaBkilisg penny qratte 529 
qevny roc « 1§29 
PyonpandhiFSindes 980 
Wepon andhis kttoes =. 919, 


Ptpver plant andhis kinves 1538 


iis §epperiwort,i. Dittander 


Cater Pepper. Arimare 


Wall si countrie 517 
Wattard called Weotte TS4t 
Genny, oz Jndian 366 
Perccp.cr 1594 
Peifeum Plin. 1606 


SSelcod tree twke Anagyris 14.27 
Petllenr wozts, id ct, Yoater’ Watdocke 
814 


Perutncieand His kindeg 894. 

WBiting,o purging 833 
Foster's coma ae 
S Deters Wout $42 


Bett Cotty Ode 
DSety Whi, Hat 3. final Thorne brome 


Wrtbaree,i. butchers baome 

BDharaolh his fiatres 

BDichepurte.i. Shecpheardg purfe 

79 igtous grafei. Coiumbine 

95 {geong foor 938 
Fuld copne i. Wilde bats 

WO tleWort,i. Smail Celandine 


imperneil and his kindeg oy 
Water Wimperneil 620 
Hea Pimpernel 622 
Pinkes and his kindes 597-599 
Pincke nedle,i. Wusked ozkes bil 

‘Dine tree and hig kindes 155¢ 
io bite and biew pipe 1299 
*Pifle a,o2 pile in ben 295 
Q5itch tree - 1354 
*Ditch,oz inking trefotle 1187 
Platter Ciayer 1206 


Plantaineandhie windes 4.19.4.20,422 
423. 


Water and his kinded 417 
Dea 423 
Sea Buckhoyne 425 
Uridve fea 426 
Mantatne a fruit 1S1G 
Hane tree 14.89 
Droarfe,'. Wary eloer 
Plowmans {ptchwarn 790 
$Olning and his bindes 14097 
Pockwod ISI L.1495 
Poets 48 ofomary 1292 
Dole reed ' 36 
Polep and dis kindes 653.654. 
Dolipody af the Watt “113 


Dolppodyp ofthe Die 1233 
Powmander ptt, or batkard Pituet.1397 


Oomecttron 1 1464, 
Pomegranate trea 14g 
Ponpton 919 
uotide Pompicn 922 
Pondined and his kindes 821.822 
nights Pondwort 826 
Pojenians Creacie,i, Garlicke 
Poplar and big kindes 148 
Wilbegoppp 400 
Sea.op hogned 367 
Woftard wilde 373 
SDpatiing,o2 frothy 679 
Poppy and his kindes 359. 
Pozcclane ‘gar 
Poprtingale trefoile 1189 
Potatocs 925 
Uirginia 927 
White Porherbe : 3ir 
Dheepheards Douch 276 
Daichmadame and hig kindes 4i2 
Prick timber, oz patchiond tres 1468 
Prickly bor 1333 
Deickee 517 
Prieks Wintle 834 
“POutnvefe Deerclefleand hig kindes, that 
ig,a Daftoniil Ean. 
Prtmrofe Miththe red flonres;andprite 
vole Loith the Shire 983 
Cree Datmrole 473 
Ozitrate og Daim prine 1394 
DBocke 1395 
Wattard 1397 
SFruttelele 1398 
Dyincll 4 AG ge 
Pudding grafie,i. Dennyropall : 
Pudding pipe 1438 
Puff fits 1584 
Puliall Doyntatne G72 
Puile from t209 to 1253- 
urflane 21 
Sea ; 524 
Water Purilane a 614 
Purple moth Wateine 778 
Durple Wore 1199 
Hheepheards purfe 276 
Quaclaiuers fourge $03 
DQuacalaers Curbithy §00 
Quakers oz quabing grafle 86 
Queenes Gillofloures 463 
pe ae ofthe Wesows, thatis, Wead= 
cet. 


Duenc Mother herbe,i-Cabace.} 
Dauickbeane,and qnickentree,.aitde ath 


1473 
Quickly gone Houre,id et, Wetice Wal= 
lolo 
Duichgvatte, Dogs gratle 


ADutquefotie,i. Cinquetoile 
Dance tree "3452 


R 


Bbone fo Wadith 
Backet,i, Rocket 
Radthandhiskindes 237,238 


Horle oz mountaine 241 
Bap wort 280 
ARatfoat 241 
iatfons of the Suune 877 
Bampions and htskindes 454. 
Ramfons 
Bain of Lpbia,- Chriks thome 
Bam oz Warts thorne 1334 
Ram Lepatine 1337 
Bampe 835 
Bape and his kindes 232 
Rape Crowfaer as RE 
Rape Wz0me, fee Drobanch 
Rape Cole 318 
Balpes oz, Hrambates and bis kindes 

1272 


A Table of Englith Names: 


Pellow Battie, or white Rattle 


1071 
aRed Rattleor Wattle grate 
Rev Colo ” “et 
Red Curans 1593 
Berd and hts bindes 36.37 
Beds mace,i.Catftatie 
Beedegratle,i, Bur wed 
es 7 
ozny of {Deru Ir 
SWet,i.Calamus Aromaticus “28 
Dweet o2 fugar 38 
oe peamarnee 
et harzo% 1322 
Bhein berries 3 : «4 
Brbwort and hig bindes 422 
Pocket 247 
WBock Rofe 1S95,1996 
Sievbrarhe ov, that ts, wilde Ceaa 
WBogation flonre 6, 
aBomane Weaneg iat 
Bomatne Beale 1225 
Bole and his bindeg » from. 2259 to. 
3270 ‘ 
Role Way,oz Bole wWay free. 1406 
* Diwarfe Woke Way . pitigeaen 
Wole Gider 1425 
Enghih Vole toiliow 139@ 
“Bolewood. _ 1624 
Ros folis,i Dyndeatw 1556 
tilde Role 1269 
Bolewort,ez rotcraot $32 
ABater Rofe fee water Lilly 
“ Saintes tee Woliphocke 
Campton 407 
+ fotive Campton 459 
Bubp 387 
Aofemary and his kindes 1292 
Hhite Bot $29 
Bed 1K of. Sundeaw 21556 
Boote of the holy hott 999 
oo ok 122K 
ubarbe and bis Bindes 393: 
MDonkes 1 ubarbe 3 AY 
Wafkard Rubarbe 39K 
Englith Waltard Wabarbe Xag2 
Buddeg,i. Warigolos 
Bucandhis kindes 1255 


Wait Bue, o7 Wae MWatrenshatre 
1144 


ABnptureloore ($69.1 
Bulh Sea grate : me 
Bubblecke og fwerk ; 176 
Common Roh 35 
Wail of Sater uly 34. 
Sharpe og hard Wulh 


$ 
Buh Daforili au hig inves 
129 


But grate } 

Buthy fea grafle << 

IByec 79 

Bre andhis kindes 68 
S 


nape and iS Bindes from 1g1 td 
) 157 


Ueriall Saffron 1§2.1§3 €¢,' 
Waltard Haffron, and hig Kindes 
1170 
toflbe Walkard ri7K 
Sageandhis kinder 764.765 
Hage ofeand his kinves 1 275.1276 
French SHagelwke Verbafcum Marthiolz 
7°97 


Hage Mulletn ibs 
Dage of PFerufaters 808 
SDage of Wethiem ib. 


S mage op Water nuts and his inves 
z j 
SHariomons fealeand his inves 903.90% 

905 ; 
Halt Wort and hig inves Yoke Sea 
Grape 


135 
Blaske Dalewore sie 
Dalioln 


A Table of Englifh Names. 


SDalloty,fe willow 


1390 
DHanpier.and his biudes 533 
Sandener 535 
Handwwwrt 428 
Hanicie,andhis kindes 948 
HMecfekoogt Santcie 949 
MBountatne, 03 fportco Hantcle 788 
Saria partila 859 


Saracens confound, oz, Saracens Com= 
_ _ Frey 02 Soundspazt 429 

Saracens Wtrehwoore 847 
NHallafras, or ague tree 1§25 
Hattin,e, Sattin foureandhis kindes 


464. 
a cece and his kinds from 205 to 128 


Sauorp and his ktndes $75.576 
Hanin and his bindes 1376 
Havwce Humach 1474 
Haunders tres 1586 


Haucealonei.FJacke bp the henge 


HauceMwagt 713 
Engh Harifrage 1047 
Burnet Darifrage ro4a 
Wibiec,and golden Sartfrage 847* 


Sartfrage of the Pnctents 


Sonatas and his Bindes Tors 
Small hard grate 
Garden Stntiar 12k 
Snakeiwed and his kindes 399 
of Wigginta 848 
Snakes Wuglofle, 802 
Snakes Garlicke 18t 
Snatle Claner 1199 
aoe andbhig kindes, 549 
Dneletoorr 06,607 
Souildiers Parrots 1074 
fc foles and bis kinder 147 
: S ope: fvort and bis bindes 444 
SDHogbe tie and his Bindes 1471 
Soprelland bis kindes 397:398 
Sorrell du Bois 1202 
SHorrosofuil tre 1527 
SHotherntowd and his bindes 1105 
Sotobread and bis kindes $43,844, 
Spouthillle andhis binees 292 


oe broome,oz Spanth bate bromes 
aparroineg tongue, 1. Wnotgratfe, alfo tes 


554 
epayrownes toad-flar i 


Atorar tree 

Dtraked gralls 

Strangle Wied and Frangie tare’. Dros 
banch 

@trawberrp andhis kindes 997 

Dtrawberrp tree, o2 Arbute cree 
14.96 

Stratobertp bap 

Dtabwort i, Wodforrell 

bas andbhis bindcs 


1526 


1602 


281,282,283 


284 
Sapane Quecarpandhiskinves 286 
207 % 
notlde eniccorp 284 
Suchles,fes houplackles L 
Sligar rep 38 
Sngarcane 38 
Suiphee swort,)deogs fennell 
Hioallowort and binder 898 
Smet age, anle 
Sumac 147% 
aod Sumach ; a5 
gunn * 3 
Sunfloure 


; ee Creflegi.Rucllius hig incite. 


- 
S460 pr OAS caer 


Heraptas Hones 


222, 223 €c. 
SDerutee tre 


1471 
Title Heruice tree 1473 
Selamotdes,02 baftard Hoad 493 
DSefanum, iotip puite 1232 
Defelt i.ariWoogt 1050 
Detelt of Candp ib, 


Mountatne Set wail.i. Nardus Celtica 
Setfotle,i. Cormentiil 


Detter grafe : 976 
Dertterwort ib, 
Detwail- 1076,1076,1077 


HDhadow gaffe, fer Wadgratle 
Shane gratle,. Bortetatle 


Hhazewort 490 
Dhepheards needle 1040 
SDhepheards purte,ferip,or pouch 276 
SHheresgratle A 
Sitcomoze tace 1§09 
Sicklewozt,fec Bugis 

\Diler mountain. 1048 
Giken Sumach 1476 
Diluce Bnapwoevand hiskindes 730 
SHiluer Chie 1149 
SHlinor Wed, id ct, catilne Tanfie 993 
Dinkheld 987, gee 
Shirtwort 1026 
aladtes Sitppee 443 
Dloc:ire 1497 


ef ec or Stanerwoort fe Bag= 
wor 
eotatoecniatal i, Dogs Cuiltons 


Starch conne ‘69 
Starch toort 834. 
Sea farwort 413 
Starre Chilie 1166 
Dtaues acre 


495 
Star wort, 02 Sharewort and his bintbes 
490 491.492 
Stars of Wethlehent 


age 2 of Fernfalem, id eit, Fotenngs 


flou! 
Seechadbe and big Binded 


585 
Golden ae has oe 
Stichio: 
@tocke " Gillofloures and hts sinveg 
4 
‘nite linersooxt ses 
Stonectop 


oe hoze,i. tone epper.or fone ates 


waibite and golden fronebzeake * 841 
bast hig that (¢, turned to a ftone 


1587 
Stogkes bill and bis binders 938.939. 


940 
MWugked Storkesbiit 941 
iplets Brozkesbttt O45 
Baaaaraa 2} 


ere ant bis Kindes 719 and foto 554 
a aar4 Sphare for a king 94 @ightes-qpatte that Gnotgratte’ 
Site Scablons 730 Ppearewort aud Bis kindes 96x Btithedour $84 
Hoaicferiic,or tony ferne 1136 Speare Crowfoot... 961 
Heabwort,i-Elecampane qpredinell ioke fiteilers 627 T 
Spcammony and his binves 866 Speitcorne and his kindes 69 < 
ADeartole 5 283 Sperchauke,'.Bankewed : 
SHeariet Dhe 1342 Pperage,i.afparagus Abaco and his kides 338 
Sctatica gralle,'. rolloe crefles ~  -Sporage Weanes,\. Sronch Weanes Tamarinde 607 
Scoenanthum 434 Spicknell 1os2 ‘Tamarighe anv bls bindes = 137g 
Ciofe HSctentes,'. Dames violets: | Battard spicknell ibs Canheandhiskindes bea 
DShepheards Scrip /276\ DpiderWost 57-5859 alilbe Taufie * sf Fe 
HDcoypion gralle and hig kindtse 337. 33° \qpiked Sater gtatte 13, Ware aud bistinds 1223, 
Scordium,i.water Dezmander < 66 pike Cypreiie grate, 22 @arecucslatting 323 
-Deorfoner a6 _ Hpignell,i aid mony 1052 peat Weide Ware 130 
Scurup-gralle,i.S ponework gor Water Sptke 821,822 Diofgorides his mike Gare 124: 
Spcottilh Scuruie-grale 838  Spibnard 1080 ©@arkagon 249 
Sea caule,i-Soldanella ib.  Aough,or séide SHpleenewort 1140 ©6@ealeli and hts kindes 1167 
Dea Heather 1616 Spinageand his kindes 332 «= Terrible herbe 507 
Sea Ffan 1617 “Spindel eres 1468 @etterwogt 1069 

ea. Onion 171 esa and hig kindes 1140. Metterberry,foe Wafonp % 

ea sLenttil. 1615 eee and bis Bindes Ti49,11 908 
Dea Spihegratle 20 Soars and hig Bindes 49760 Sos 
“Seca dogs arafle os Beathfpurge. 159561599 Tht byon Thittle and divers othe, 
“Debetten, oz MTpeian piumme 1499 Spurgioat ike finktug sladin Swtide Thitties liz. 
Delfeheate and hiskinves, 632 Spurge Ditue, oz wibowwaile ie Chlafpp 262,263) 
“Senednth 1257 ermatne olfacipurg Chopne and bis hinbes 1327 
‘Wattard Dene, on Dene tres 1299 purge flay or Ttetineatne MfdDo%D oatle Wihtte Thorne 1327 
Hengregne $10 1404. Thogne bor : 1332 
Tater Seugveenc 826 © Spurge Lanrell 1405 Thome dsomeand his hindes 1319 
Field Senute,'. Dy lard Squill,i.@ea Onion 171 = (Tihogne Appie,oz of ern 343 
SHenficinse herde $99 Sauinanth 43 Chowne Grape thatis,Goofeberrics 
Serpents tongue le Poders tonguo, Static tre 1600 erie Thome op Laratine Rarune 


@horo% Swar,o2 thorolwleafe 336 
Cinee icafed grafle u85 
Tiree teaued linersaogt 1203 
Grift 603 
Throarwozt and his kines 45 
Mlzonghwort andhis kinbes $36 
Time andhis kines $73 
Tine 02 Wilde Wercly 1228 
rotive Gline 97a 
Creeping,oz running Time 972 
Devder,oz laced’ Gime $77 
Mughe Time pe 
Coadttole andhis kiuvee 
Toaviag oz MWiide flay and his winbeg 
from 550 te SSF 
Molmatners 599 
Counentill oud his kindes 992 
Congeblade 908 
CEooth picke Chern 104. 
Great Corhwmore 1585 
Coches 774 
Coznlole 734 
Touch me not 204447.912 
Moachwod,i. Cres Mrilhror 
Cowring mulkard 
Coywort, i, Dhepherds parle 
ALanp ot ge 218 
tiple Lady Crace, 1b, 
ate 3 " Crawlers 


‘Trauchlers top. 
Gree of itfe, 
Greg ztmvrofe 
Gre Dpurge 
Erefotic and hts kindes 
Weane Crefaile 
of America F 
Water 03 marth 
Minb 


& Paeet 


fours 
baftard thinb 
Wenomons tre 


: A Table of Englith Natnes. 


886 
1369 
475 
501 
1185 
1427 
1189 
1194 
1305 
1I9$ 
1202 
1308 
1 


309 
Shrub , og makebate, o2 Marcellus bis 


intlke Crefotle #310 
reacle muftard and hts bindes 262 
veacle Wtogmefed 273 

@ teaclewogt, fe Scorodothlalpi. 
reacle Clauce 1187 
Cree bearing geeke 1587 
Trinity herbe 1203 
Erol Roures 955 
te louc, i. herbs Warts. 
Eultp and hts kindes. from 137 to 
146 
Tunhoote 856 
TCurbith of Antioch 415 
Hwapta’s Curdith, i.fea Starfloure, 
Gurks herve, fee Herniaria, 
Turky Wate 690 
Murky core and wheat 83 
Crowtat 958 
Crofics 274 
DD ittet 1232 
‘Curkp-benfonre 149 
‘CTCurniericke 34.1631 
Garnep and his winded * 232 
TCnipentine tree and hie kindes 1433 
Gutian 544 
Ewapblade 403 
Siig lirhy og far euthp 139% 
Cio vennp grate 630 
V 
yee and bie hinder: Bors 
{ ted 678 
Welnet Flouredetuce 103 
Denice Sumach 1476 
Genus bafon, i. Ceafeit. 
datre, fee Watdenhaire 
Gombe Fogo 
Lobing glatfe 438 


Gerwaineanddhishindes 747 778 

Uetch 1227 

Witter etch 1225 

Vine and bis kindes 855 
qiloe ' 871 
Wdtte, i. Wapony. 

Wiolet and hts kindes 850 
Dames, and Damatke 463 
Water 826 
Uipataht thace coloured 851 
Eotheo 984, 
Wuibed 147 

Wipers araffe 736 

Wipers Wuglofle and Gipersherbe 802 

Utrging bower 887 

Upught Doge qratte 25 

W 
Boing Pondwed 823 

V Mapbgead, i. Diantaine. 

Wap thogne,i. nuckthogne 
Watfaring tree JH9® = 886 
Wake robin 834 
Wail flonres 457 
Wail Warlep oz toapbenriet 73 
Mainye 1440 
Mall Wort, i. Danewort. 
fea cartwozt 505 
Great Water grate 6, 13 
Water Cppres gratle 21-22 
Water Archer and bis kindes 416 
ae not, ir Saligot, and his kinoeg 
HeedWinds, i. Cithpioinoe, 

TOcicome to our honfe $05 

Weld, i. Dpars wed. 

Wheat and hts inves 65.66 
Eine monethe 69 

fobin and his kindes “E319 

WUbicken tree, i. Lorde Dh. 

TAbitblow o Mibitlow Galle 624 


UhitSMort, i. Fenerses. 

Mibite rot and bts Bindeg, i. Holomons 
feale. 

TUbicten tree, i. Hater Elder, of Wilde 
2B 


Hibosts, oz Wihostle Werrtes and his 
Bindes 


14ts 

marth 3419 
Wtdovo Lille, i. greening Seed 

HOivew Ciatle 1402 


The Wilding tree, fee Crab tre. 


(weet totiitams 598 
DilloM and his Bindeg 1389 
Het, i. Ganie, 
Tito horbe 474 
Minde role 385 
inde floure 385 
Hinged dindesees 1598 
Wilde Windefloure 385 
iithpspinds, 861 
Tithp 139% 


Withy Winre, i. toithp andhiekindes, 


atch Eime 148.1582 
Mtich Patel 1479,1481 
toad 495 
wd graffe 9 
Tomdrathy grate 22 
God waren,i Grenweod; 

U obbinde and tis kindes » Box 
ick, o2 Ladies bower. 837 
bpright 1294 

Woodresfe o2 Hoodrote 1124 

Wood made fonep 1587 

Sosbloswer,e, Mood Horreil, i. Alleluia, 

202 

Wigodrowell 1124 

Hood op Gariicke Sage 662 

Tloodoy Mighthade 


350 
Good C hickweed oz Blood DWileg “oo 
eloolip Fach » 1 33 
Woollen, i. MBuiteiss, 


wWolfes bane and his kindes 69 

Wolfes claw 2552 

inter Woifes bane 968 

ello Wolfes bane 969 

iolfes Sts 1584 

Wonnegralle; i. SHtenecrop, 

Giozmefad ler 
Engiity.tec Cameline, 

Mozmewoon 1096 
Haip TIOE 
Bomoane T0958. 
Dea ‘TO9g 
mail leafed garden, of Cyprelle xz02 
Fosrein oz battard Bio4 

Mlonndiwozt, i. Confoand, 

bis Binds 826.1008,1074 

Brrow 1072 
Pew tree 1370 
Poke Eime 3479 

Pouthwort, i. Sandew 1556 

Duca, i. Jncca. 1543 

Hedoarie 


34. 1631 


A Table 


é sin 


ee 


A Supplement or Appendix vnto the generall Table, and tothe 


Table of 


A 


+ A Metis Dil. 

Armes, Ameos, 

Argentti, Percepier: 
Ache, Hmatlage. ae 
Alliaria, tn tozitters copes Cardiaea, 


B 


Aipmotne, Gentian. 
Waldmonte, Meum. 
Waldtoctn, Gentian 

WBeiloed, Lacea nigra, 
ABihops worts, Werony. 
Birds nett, twtide Parinep. 
IWirds tongue, Htitehwort 
ABigotd, Chryfanthemum fegetum, 
Bret ball, Wiew bottle, 
4Boits, Ranun culus globofus. 
FBon-WOd, napwed. 

’ 3 tone begic, Magic. 

joxtConfolida minor. 

PB rotherwort. Paltol monntatne- 
IBydelnost, Vimaria. 
Brat, Cheledonia. } 
ABrokeleabe, toater Dedgone- 
Wenfewort, SHopetoort, : 
Bucks beans, Trifolium paludofume 
Wyckram, Bron, 


Cc 


Ardiacke, Alliaria, 
Carles, Crefles, 
Tatmint, Nepta- 
WenciefFe, Dakkortit. 
Charmed, Cottonined. 
Cherneli oz Cheuereli Soas called(thongh 
tntroiy) Apium rifas, 
Gyarles Creacte, Allium. 
Shurchwozt,Dennp-ropait. 
Siderage, Srimart. 
Tithe, the Wurre decke. 
Cittheren, Gate gratleor Cliners: 
Witte, Lapp2. 
- Clone tongue, Ellcborus niger. 
Cocks fot, Columbine, 
Cocke fot, Cheledonia maior, 
Wow fat, Cow Wakil. 
Trifkainze, the ieler Centerp- 
Croneberries, Vaccinia paluftriss 
roobcil, yellow Daffontl, 
Crow berries, Erica bacciferas 
Crowfot ig Orchis, In Aincolnelhire and 
Porblbire, 
Crow fope, Hopewort. 
roto eke, Hyacinthus Anglicus. 
Crop wed, Tacea nigra. 
CuinerHozrt, Columbine: 
Cnirage, Brimart. 
Entberdole and Cutbertiil is Banke 
tafine. 


D 


De Cyclamen, 
Donninethel. wilde Hempe. ¢ 
Mgons female, Water DssLong 


Englifb 


and printed 


and fimple country people. 


Drop oye, Filipendula; 
Douncedowne, Cathatle. 
Dinale ts Mighthade. ° 


EB 


\ Mderswo2t, Dracontium, 
Gtieber. Alliaria. 
CEilfezocke,Enula Campana... 
arth gall, great Centorp, of rather 


fail. 
Guerfore is teall serne. 
Efan, Crofwort, pet nos one Cruciatar 


FE 


Bune, Lohite Hionre dence 

Fanereil, Cepca- 

Fein Cypretic ts Chamepitys. 
Fleidtooze. Keltwoze o Gentian, 
Ftie%w ozt, Filago minor. 
SFieadocke, Petafitese 
Ficawort, Pfyllium. 

Forget me not, Chamzpitys. 

Forebitten moze, Dinels bit. 

Fausrole, water Dzagons- 

Franke, Spurry. 

Fretler ts the herbe that beareth Straws 
berrics, Stramberrter, 


G 


Gan meets Ariftot. rotunda, 

Baten tree oz Water trig Dogs 
berry tree, 

Gandergollesis J ebes. 

Geckvor, Aparine. 

Gor hing Barry, Engiifh Mercury. 

Gokechite, Agrimony. j 

Gokegratle was fometine called. Argen- 
tina. 

Goole bill, Aparine. 

Garden Ginger, Piperitis, 

Giond, Cow Hall. 

Grace of God, DH. Johns toozt, 

Gene Mukard, Mttcander. 

Groyndiwoill, Gpouns{swell. 

pound needle, Geranium mufcatum, 

Ground Enel, Wenn compe. 


H 


Birene, Ciuers. 
DammerwMort, BWellitory of the 
Spall. 


Pardhow, Warpgolds, 
Wares epe, Lychnis fylucttris, 
Parebeil, Crow leke« 
Herbe Fup Chamepitys, 
Honbeli, Henbaue. 

Aethow. Hedera terreftriss 
Porbe Wennet. Hemiocke. 
Perbe Peter, Comhip. 
Herba martis, Martagon, 
Pertelowre, Chamedryos; 
PertWwort, Fraxinus, 
Dlloogt, Pulisl mountaine, 
Hippia maior, common Pimpernel, 
Folp rope, Wilde Pempe, 
Poondberryp, Solanum, 
Boreworr, Filago. 
Poxechire, Germander. 
Porlcheate Ciecampane. 
Fork thittic, wilds Acttaces 


Aaaaaaa Z 


Names, gathered out of antient written 
Copies, and from the mouthes of plaine 


Ponekp, Baiborack. 
Pozleider. Enula campanay, 
Porfermint, Watermint, 
Pultoogt Polium, 
Bpmpele, Ambrofia, 


I 


‘Acca alba, Mollde of bite Canty? 
faerie Poulleske 
pane Giuer pin. double Poppy; 


K 


Kee Gotegrafle, 

Rings crowne Mehilorus. 
Ring cob op King cup ts Crowfmt, 
Bille meere J rife Panfies. 
BidnepMWozt, Maneikoost. 


L 


Lee, Helleborws albus; 
Littie Haisis Gromelt. 
Lich woptis ‘Dollcopp ofthe Swat 
Longwojt, Peilitorp of Spans. 
Filip leke, Botp. zi ’ 
Uitig tiail, Sennpropallr:” 

Lovet ort, water Crowfoot. 
Lontetoorr. Sgaphitacre. 
ALuftwostts Sundew. 

Dyngwort, Helleborus albus. 


M 


Ms MBotherswozt Palma Chrifti. 
QD) y biofomes, Conmal ditties: 
Mawpoll. White Bozehonnd, 
Manthen o, Mathes, Coula toctidas 
March. Hinatiage. 

March beetis, Cats tatiec 

Meadtes Brage' 

Derecrop. Pimpernel. 

DMPopet Highthade 

DBonfepeale, QO: bus, 

Dug wet, Woodraalss 


N 
€le. Lollium. 
Melpite. Cataruine. 
Meg, Crt: mint 
Potedled, Yarrow. 


oO 


Bual, Drpin. 
MPran.C uciata, . 
MDyrrongue, Lingua bowls 


Pp 


Ags, SHeltehwoyt: , 
Palme de Dieu, Palma Chriffie 
Wapwort, Dercury- 

Patleli, Worde. ; 
BPedelion Hl! borns siger, 
Peters Chalke Tapfus barbatusy 
Pcoterwoze, Poaleraile. 
Dimentarp, Baalme. 


PowWkneie, Htozbs bili. 
Primrose, Liguitrum, 
Pogte, Gramen Leucanthemum: 
R Rams 


——— 


R 


Amd foot ig water Crosofoot, 
IRed knees is Hydropiper, 
Robin inthe hele ts Lychnis {yl- 


veftris, 


4hodg gold ts Warigold, 


S 


Cab wost ig Enula Campana. 
S Sea Docke to Wzanke bafines 
Deggrom is Bagwort. 
Delfeheate toas fometimed called 3D tnz 
- pernel. 
Dheep kilitng tg Cotyledon aquatica, 
Dieepewopt tg Lettuce. 
Dtaggerswort and Dtauverwort (@ Lace- 
ca. 


Dtanmarch (¢ Dilfander. 
SHStandelwelbs to-Datpator. 
S.Waries {eed is How chtttle feed, 
mail honey to inks. 
Domevswozt ts Ariftolochia, 


Stike pilets Stozks bill, 
Sudfatk ts Palma Chrifti, 
 Stobwort ig Oxys. 
Sparrow tongue is Rnot grafie, 
Mrounosd aud Stonehoze is SHtenec 
crep. \ 

Htub Wort 1s Wear Hoprell. 
Dwoines grafic ig. Buyor grate. 
SDwine Caricis Anot grate, 
Swichents Gronnrf weil, 
Howpwost ie |Coinmbine, 


1 


Miewort tg Swtlde Wozage. 
Canke tg Wilde Parinep. 
Terteriwost ts great Cetahdine, 

CTothwort ts Shepheards purle. 
@utfane tgs Clymenum Ialorum. 


WV, 


Biwort tg Ebulus, thich wag 


VV fometine called Filipendulas 


—  Warence is Marder, 


A Table of obfolete and leffe vied Englifh Names, 


Warmot te Worminop, 
Wapwort is ZF inperneit. 
Waybjeadi¢ Plantzgo 
Wap wot i¢ H ppia maior, 
Glateroort ta Matdenbaire: 
Wepihernep ie Fenertesw 
CUibite W othen te great Daily. 
Gtibe Danageris Cockie. 
Titlde Pardons ig Afaium, 
wbie Goidsts great Daily. 
Wor march i¢ Sanici¢. 
Wood fower ts Oxys, 
Moodbzonep tg Fraxinusy 
Ro0dnep fs Amcos, 
Hol fes thiftlets Chameleon; 
Wpneberrp ts Vaccinea. 
PO pmot ts Thifcus. 
Gilt 1g Hyofcyamus luteus, 


Y 
Pron head is Bnapweed, 


Seekes Was counted Satyrion minor, ahd 
is that Sbich Agbel salleth Scrapias 
focmina prateniis, 


6A Catalogue 


A Table of Brittith Names. 


eA Catalogue of the Brittifh Names of Plants, fent me by 
«Mafter Robert Dauyes of Guiffaneyin 
a  Flint-Shires ; 


* A&A wKeeDill. : 
Aurddanadl, Red Archangell Nettles» 
Airvanadl, vide Hwb yr ychen. 


ows 


Anadyl, Broome, 

Banatlos, Furze. 

Berw yr Frengie. Crefles, 
Berw yr dr. water Crofts. 
Bedwen. a Birchtrec. 

Biattus. Bects, 

Blaen yr Ywrch. Mercury. 
Blaeny gwayw. Speareworts 
Bleidd dug. Wolfes bane» 
Brialbv Mair.Cowflips. 
Brwyynem. aRufh. , 
Bylwg. Cockle, or field Nigella} 
Buft ylyDdayar, Centoric. « 


¢ 


arn yrebol. Folefoot. 
Cas gan gythrel.. Veraaints 
Cacamweej. Burre. 
Caliwlyzy mél, Agrimonic, 
cancwlwns. Knot grafle, 
Camamill. Camomil, “iO 
Ceirch. Oats. . 
Cennin, Leekes: vi 
Cennin Pedr. Daffodills 4. 
Gedory wrach. Horletailes 
cegid. Hemlockee, 
Celynen, Holly, 
Chwermlys yr kithin. Wood Sabcy 
Ginft yr ewic. Laurell. : 
Clofilops. Gillofloures. 
Cluftiev yt Derw.vide Galladrg 
Cluft Lygoden, Moufe care. , 
Clajarlys y dr, Brookclime, 
Coed Ceri. Seruice trees 
Cowarth. Hempe. 
Cower y aeth, Calivlyny mel, 
Coed kirin. Plum treeses 900 01 
Corfena Poolereed. 
Crile Bleiddiew.v, cacamweci. 
Craith vanes. Prunel or Selfe-heales 
Crafanke y vrdn. Crowfoot. 
Cribe fan Fraid. Betony. 
Cynglennydd. white Mullen; 
Cynfomy Celiog. Serwell. a's 
D 
D% ygwaed. Penny royal, 
Danadl, Nettles. 
Danadlen wenn. White Archangel Nettles 
Danity Ker. Dandelcon. 
Danadlen ddall. dead Nettle, 


E 


eae yrardd. Afarabacca; 
Efrev, Datnell. 

Eiddew. Tuy. 
Bik et Beat 
Lithia yr ieiv,y Hwb yt ychers 
Erienlys.§ Lohns wort. 

Erbin. Calamint. 
Eulunperfi, battard Parley} 


F 


A. Beanes, 
Fenich y Cwn. wild Cammomil, 
Fenich. Fenell. ; 
Fettes. Fitches. : ° 


G 


Alladr, Lungwort like Liuerw ott, 

Garllec. Garlicke. 

Glefyny Coed, Bugle. 
Gladyn. Gladiol or Corne Flag. 
Geleudrem,y .Llyfic Ew} as. 
Gold Mair, Marigold. 
Gruc.v. Banatlos. 
Grayanllys y dwr. Brooke limeg 
Gwlydd, {mall Chickweed, 
Gwlydd Mair. Pimpernel. 
Gwenynddail. Gweaynoc. Balmes 
Gwyddfyd. Woodbind or Honifuckle 
Gwen y Coed. Smooth Bindewood, 
Gwallt gwener, Venus haire. 
Gwallt y forwys, Maiden haireg 
Gwayw jr Brenbin. Daffodil, 
Gwenith. Wheat. 
Gwinwydden. Vine. 


B 


"Ady gramandi. Gromel, 
Haidd. Batly. 
Hefc melfedoc, Wates Torch,of Typhapalufts 
Hoccys. Mallowes. 
Hoccysygors Matifh Mallowes. 
Hwbh yr ycben Camock,or reft harrow 


LL 


Laeth bron Mair.Sage of Lerufaleme 

L Liaulys, Staucfacre- 
Llawenhys.Borages 

Llewic ychwanneh,v.y Benfelen, 

Llewic yr iar. Henbane. 

Llewpard dig. Aconitum. 

Lh fielvan, Mugwort. 

Liy(ie Uwydion, v, Lifie Fuane 

Lyfe Lewelyn, Pauls Betony. 

Elyfie y wennol, Celandine. 

Llymy Uygaid, y. Llyfie y weanol ¢ 

Liyfie Effras. Eycbright. 

Liyfie yr Crymmsan, vy. Gwylydd Maird 

Liyfe iw, vide Dyars weed, 

Liyfie pen tit. Houflecke, 

Liye yr gwaedlin.Yarrow or Milfoile 

Llyfie Mair, vide Gold mair. 

Llyfie Amor. Eloure gentle, 

Llygaid y Dydd. Daifics, 

Liyfie yr pwdin, v. Daily owaed. 

Llyfie yr gath,v Evbine 

Llyfiey Blaidd, v. Bleid ditg. 

Llyfiey moch. Nightthades 

Lyfie y Cribev, Teafell, 

Llyfie Simion, v. Cas gan gytbrel,' 

rf yr Cyrpb, Periwinckle. 

fieEva. 

gas mor, Psa banke horne; 

Llyfic yr meddyglyn. wilde Carrot. 

Liwyfen. Elme tree, 

Lbvynlys, Scuruy grafle, 


sil 


Mz Rafpis, 
probit Elecampane. 

: arch rhedyn-y derm,Poly pody, Okc 
Adaip.Turneps, iis phe» ccatirey 


Marth 


March y(galy gerddi, Artichokee 
Mefys. Strawberries, 

Menig ely lion. Fox gloues. 

Meirw, luniper tree. p ; 
Meillioneny meirch, Right Trefoilei 
Mintas, Mints. 

Moroz. Parfneps, 

Doron y macs, wildeParfneps. 
24mg y ddayar. Fumetory, 
Momffogl. Mofle. 
Dynawyd y bigail, Storks bill. 


Nyddoes, Spinage, 
Onata,an Afh tree, 
P 

Axptn yr Arth, Beares breech 

P Padere Mair. Croflewort. 
Perfti y dwr, water Parfley. 

Perfli Frengic, Smallage, : 
Phion firwyth,v. Menic yelyltion. 
Pidni y goc. Aron,or Cuckow pints 
Poerlys,v.y laulys. 
Paplys. a Poplar, 
Pwrf, y Bigail, Shepheatds purfe. 
Pysy Ceirw. Tares. 


R 


Hedyx. Ferne, 
Rhedegat y derw.v.Galladrs 
Rbiig. Ric. 
Rhofyn.a Role. 


S 
Aeds grvyllt, Vv. Chwerwlys. 

Siwdrmwt. Sothertiwood, : 

Siaccked y melaydd, v.Cynffun Umynoc; 
Siria#. Cherries, 
Snoden Fair. Englith Galingalts 
Sowdly Crydd.v,Blaex yr yiwrehe 
Suraz ygoc. wood Sorrell. 
Suraa, Sorrell, 
Syfiy v. Mefps, 


T 


Afod y ki. Dogs tongue. 
Tafod y neidr, Adders tongues 
Tafod yr hydd. Hartstongue. 

Tafol.a Dock, 

Tafol Mair. Biftort, 

Tagaradr, v.Hwh yr ychex, 
Tafod y¥ edn, Birds tongue, 
Yafad yr yeh. Buslofi:. 
Telephiz, Orpin, 

Tormaci, Filipendula. 

Tryw, V.Calivlyn y mél, 
Traed y glomen. Columbine, 
Triacly tylodion. Tormentilla, 
Trocd y dryw, Parfley Brcakftoneor fina] Saxifrages 
Triacl y Cymro, Germander. 

Aroed yr bedydd, Larkeheclc, 


Ww 
wilfraev,y. Lyfe yr gwacdling 
Vinniwn, Onions, 


A Table of Brittith Names. as 


Y 

Bewfelen.Fleabane, x 
\ Y benlas wenn, v.Clafrlys. 

Y bengaleds red Scabious. 
T bexlas, Blewbottle, or Cornfloure: 
¥ bengoch, Hogchound, 
Y Clafrlyes. Scabious, : 
Y Dorfag!. medow threc leafed graffee 
T Droedrydd. Herbe Robert. 
Y Drwyzfamr. ana mele me 5 GR 
T Ddwy gennioc herb Twopence, or Moneywort) ? 
Y Dorkaed wild tanfy or Siuermeed 7 
YX dew bannoc, v. Cyaffon Tiwyngg, 
T Dinboeth, Arfmart, 
Y Ddayerlys. Peony. 
Y Deddedigc wenn. Pilewort: 
Y fendigedt.Turfan or Parke leaped 
1 FabgoR, Poppy, ¢ 
T fiolud. Violer, 
Tfyilfer. Y fronwys, {mall Celandine) 
Y feidioc las, v. Liyfie loan, 
Y fyddarlys. Prickinadam, 
YX fyddyg 9, v. Craith un xes, : . 
T fyw fyth. Liyffiev penth. 
7 gaurt goch. v. Butt y Ddayar, 
Y gynga, v.Llyfie yr bidl. 
X gloria. wilde Rofe,or Spargwort,” 3 
¥ gas wenwyn.Diuels bit, 
7 gyfogsa kinde of Spurge, 
T glatarlys. Y grevius, Groundfwella 
7 gyfgadvr. Nightfhade or Morell, 
Y gingroen. Todeflax, 
Tew gwynn dof. Garden Oraehyy 
7 Rew gw yun proyllt, wilde Orach: 
X Vivolys,v. Liyfew iw. ; 
T Uwynbidydd Ribwort, 
T Uindro.Doder, 
7 Uyfiewyn beadigedic. Valerian, 
7 Heviadlys, Lunaria, 
T Mér gelyt. Sea Hollys 
7 dtérlys, Pcllitory of the wall 
Y Papi coch, v.xed Poppy, orcorne Role; 


Hir Ariftolochia, ¢ long: 
qr chars $ geow 5} 


or Birthwort,¢ round) 
Sychan > or Hartwort, € fmalle 

Tr Alaw. Water Lilly. Ss 

Yr én lydan,i.ffordd, Waypbread; 

* Rbit. Rue, or herbe Grace, 

Tr uchelfa. Mifleltoc, 

Tryfcallen Fraith, our Ladies thiftle? 

Tr yfcallen Fendigedic, Card,Benedi@, 

Tr holliach, Clownes wort, 

2Seall drain ewynn Carline Thiftle; 

Yfcall. wilde Thiftles, ¥ 

ae aes Sow thiftle, 

{col fair. Peters wall ox fauy: qi 8 ors) 
Tfeaw. Eldertrees , Be wm 
Yfcaw Mair. Walwort, 
Tfpaddaden. White thornez 
T{niab. Muftard, f 
T wermod. Wormwood, 

T Wermod wenn, Feuerfews 
* winwydden wenn, white Bryonie, 
T winwydden ddit, blacke Bryon’ 
YT wilfrae, LUyfie yr groaedlin, 
T weinwlydd, Great Thickweed; 


A TABLE, -WHEREIN IS CONTAINED 
THE NATVRE AND VERTVES OF ALL THE 
Herbes, Trees, and Plants, defcribed in 
this prefent Herbal. 


A 


Aufing Bboxtment, 60,0, 845,m. 1130, b. 
Again Abostment, 766,a. 
Againft Aches, 71,¢ 35951. 7566. 1445sf. 1529, d. 
Againft Aches in theioynts and limbes, 132,c. 164,b,281 
b. 1529,d.Sce Fopnts. 

To coufume and heale the chores, being vicersin the head,x9 1a 
119751. 1206,c. 

Wet of generation, vid, Wodtip and Unf. - 

Againft the ftinging of Boders, {cc Wipers and Serpents. 

Toheale the gilops, 74,a, 1361,h. 1362,4,1441,h, 

Affects of the breft, 783, i. fee Break, 

Affects of the reinesand bladder, 395.% {ce Beines and Biads 
Der, 

Affeds of the lungs, 306 ,¢. 783,i. (ceDangs- 

To bring downe the Méterbirth, 15 4,c. 65352. 755s¢. 79.65.8705 
@1014,b. 1058,b. 1121, f, 124652, 1297,4. 1360,b.157852 
1428,b. fee SHecondine, 

Lingting Bynes, $48.7. $785% 837.4% 885,b- Tors,a. 1298,6 
1525,d, ‘ 

Daues,v. Quotirian, Quarta, SCertian. 292,1. 398,c, $72, 
872, dn 637 8. 653.Se 7152i-75 Orbe 8533) 855.2% 92450 LOST yb 

1367,0.1465,% 1452,d.1506,¢, 

Mawes,and the cold tits of them, 756,d. 75932. 1002,¢, £107, d, 
1257,".vid. Dhakings. 

Bqueg,and theheateinthem, 634,f. 829,2- 1326,d, 1431,be 
1586,7. 

Mibermes, a cordial confection, 13.43,b. 

Againft the (welling and inflammation of the Blmondg of the 
throat, 2814. 331.4. 455,b. 5095f. 72652. 783,h. 825,2.992sf- 
9985a, 1092,2.1333,4- 1341, 6. 1353,k. 136252, 1424,k.045I51, 
{ee Jnflammation. 

Againft the malicious vicers of the Blmonds,1015,b, 

Againft the Plopecta, 95.¢- 1545.3. 

Tocure the Aiphus, vide Morpheio. 

Anatna,v. Squinancie. 

To helpe wrenches of the Bnkleg,132,¢+ : 

’ Again S. Anthontes fire. 66,f. 331,b. 339,°. 370s10395,6-51T,a- 
§88,c. 653,b. 799.2. 813,¢. 826,4,828,a,1013,f.1225,P.1257;ko 
1331,Ce 133552. 13930¢> 146I,b. (ee Pnammatton. 

\ Bntidotes againft poyfons, 233, f, 236, a,407b, 5862-793, ds 
1029,d.1257,n, fee Popfon. 

Appareil from Morhs, vide Clothes and Weths. 

To procure Bppetite, 245, 2 308,d,398,b. $22.2, $34,b. 714. 
736.6. 880,.896,a. 1002,¢, 1627,d, 1219+ 1Z14,l-e 132558. 
1326,d.1393,¢, £420)7- 14249h.1432,b. 1465yi5 SOT sf.1 507510 
1508,f. 1525,c. 1594.b. 

Againft the Bpaplerp, 45926. $26,b. 759sb, 883,d.916,9.1025m, 
1058,f1448,', 1484,% 

Tore. and breake cold Mpofkrms, 170,8,1545,a fee Fmpos 

‘anes. 

To ripen and breake Apoftems ofthe mouth and throat, $80,2. 
fee SPanth and Choat. 

To bring hot Apofkemes to fuppuration, 143150: 1484,b, 152147, 


To breake inward Apotkems, 264,2. 269,2, 813,d. 

Againft hidden cankrous Apoftemg,254,c, 

To cure peftilentiall Bpotems, (ce Bubo and Carbyncte, 

To cure the Argema, 310,b.373,2-619,¢ 1195,2. 

Againft therammifh fauor ofthe Bemboleg, fre Snell; 

To draw out Prroty heads, fee Choznesand Splinters, 

Againft impoyfoncd Brroweg. 360, ye1007,i. 

Tohclpe thofethatbe Béthmaticke, 360, u root, f. 14369)m) 

1529,a.1545,¢. 1612,b. fee sy hoptnelle of byeath. 

Againtt contagious and peftilent Mire, 178,¢. (ee Cozruption. 

To Bttenuate and make thin, 170,a, 175,d.177,a. 182,2.434j86 
4002,h,1014,b. 101 5,4. 114552. 1366,d,1424,h. 1612.45 


B 


Gainft paine of the acke, 807,4. 
To ftrengthen the Wagke, 770,d, 812, 1571,d, 
Waifams for gieene wounds, Ke. 360,a. 4053. 

To caufe Warrennefle, 106,¢.892,b 1130,a. 1488,d, 

Againft arrennefle, 1525, (ce help: Conception, 

Waths for vicersand running fores, 1226,n. 

Wats for members out ofioynt, gour, &c.1413,f. 

To helpe tbleare epes, fee Epes. 

To make the MSeard grow quickly, 1107, g. 

To fcoure away the furuineffe of phe Weard,191,a 

Againg Wearwozmes, 681,c. 

Bitings of venomous Weatts, 4553. 80,a.175,b. 237, a- 317, 4 
3955% 434.d- $72,¢. 619.4. 644,b.661,b 667,9.692,.7135¢. 
793.4. 1029,d-1172,f. 1226,h, 1386,a.1408,d. 1414, faasit, 
m, 1533,b. fee Wenomous. 

Todriuc away venomous Weafts, 480, bh. S:e Wenomoyg, and 
Serpents. 

To kill foure footed Mealks; 753,°69675b. 1406,b.  ermenasastnnes 

Tocure Weatings, 662,a.1132,3.1158,d Sce Bauifeg, 

To kill Beg, 1584,¢- 

Againft finging of es, Sce Stinging, 

Tocaufe Weg to kcepe together, 692,¢, 

Tohelpe Welchings,1035,4. ee Stomacke. 

To loofe the Wellp cently, 62,1. 174,%319,2.321,2, 3278-329 
As 332y2,352,¢. 368,b. 391, 2. 398,¢. 5275¢ 63750. 667,h. 
674.8» 707, a 7155. 741, b- 852, ¢. 924,d- 1100,2. 142,86 
1216,b, 1224, d.1226,f 1252,0,1263,4, 12645k, 1315,%.1430 
a. 1434,f1445,F. 14475d. 1498,a. 1500, 1$06,c. 1591 Ike 
168,), 

Toopen and purge the Welty mightily, 863, 2, 8161, 925, \be 
1402,2, 1403,a. 1404, 4.Sce Purge, 

Againft the griping paines of the Welty, 24, t.$24,7, 66,6682, 
1 15558 898, a, 1017, a 1035.2. 1172, ¢ 1426,c, See Gpte 
ping. { 

To binde or ftopthe Welly, 80,2. 83,a. 116,2, 825,F, 841,a. 880, 
DP, 884,¢,1148,7, 1128,a. 1242,3, 1264,k! 13250. 1336,b0 
1360,b,1419,b. 1471,2.1472, ¢. 1498,b, I4g9, f. g. 1506,d. 
1518,h, 1521 50.1536,°, 1558,2. 1613, 1625-b, Sze Flip and 
iLafke. 

To dry a moift Welly, 85,be 
To ftrengthen the Welly, 1538,be 


to 


ne 
wy 
{ 
Hi 


The Table of Vertues. 


To open and breake Iiles, 870,c¢. {ce Watches. 

‘To retaine the Wirth and giucitlife, 76632. 

‘To haften the bringing forth of the Wirth, 60,°. 79,f 1545¢.363, 
d. t014,b. 1104,b» 1121, f. 1188,b, 1246,2.1360,b.14285b, See 
Delineranceand omen. 

To deftroy the Wirth. 8455% 113054. 1353,m. 1378, a. 1404,f. 
1408.0, 

Tobring forth thedead Birth. fee Childe. 

To cure the Wits of a mad Dog, 28,a.665.334,b.434,d.681,f.692 
h, 697 ¢. 702,9.810,b.1001,9. 117 2,f. 1426,€, 1447,8, 1446, n- 

1489,c-1531,m. See Dog & Wad. 

For 1Biacknefle of the face comming by ftroke or bruife,51,2,239 
h, 245,k.39550. 665,c. Ke Marks. 

For woundsotthe W5iadber,1116,a. 

For vicersofshe W5ladder,1116,d.1303,c.16193¢. 

For painc ofthe W5lavder, 87,2. 65154. 714,c. 810,¢.8779h,932,d 
984,b, 101754, 155 ,b.161,a 1145,k-1206,¢, 1315,n, 13565c, 
1511,0.1$29,a.1612,¢, 

For the ftone in the Wianoer.fec Stone. 3 

For inflammation of the MBlavver, 5 22,d. 821,d. 852.0. 

For ftoppings of the Wlapder, $78,d.586,c. 661,¢. 842.2. 1024,b 
1042,b.1045,°.1053,4» 

Good forthe Wilander, 622,d.62 6,d. 1025,a. 1041,b,1063,c.1112 
b. 1303 ¢- 1502,2- {ee Fnfirmttice. 

For 25iaftings, 935,g.1006,b, " 

To hop Wieeding at the nofe, 480,0, 688,9.707,b. 105 7,b.1066, 
d,1116, b. 1257,m: 

To ftanch Wileding after the biting of the Horfeleech,r211,u, 

To ftop all kindes of Wleding, 276,a. 3255a.355,a- 396,b 42ra 
480,b. 732;8. 87652, 9395 94952» 991,a. 1046,. 1073,2,1074 
a, 1120,b.1128,4, 1145.6. 11$0,a. 1240,bs 1264,k,q. 12742, 
1285,a,1325,C. 1347544 137951393,f 147154 E508sb.1564 c 

To ftanch Wleding of wounds, 18, 430,4. 580,f 509,d: 544,b. 
821, go1;G T123,c. 14510. 

To take away Wlemithes, $57,4.872,a.See face. 

For Wiemtfhes of any ftroke or bruile, 872,b. 107,7.fee Wtackes 
Belle de marke. 

Toraife a Wither, $16,b. 963,2. 1557, 

Not to fuffer 1ltfters to rife in burned or fealded parts, 1331,d, 
1461, 

Té increafe 1Bimd, 880,c,°. 1216,b, ; 

To diffolucand void cluttered W{od,and keepe it from co ngealing 
in the body, 251,€. 434,¢. 447,a. 52750. 574,4.632,b. 64557,665 
© 173st. 87051. 8723. 996} 1 9933. 99656 1007 42, 103741132 
9, 1195,01408,). 1521 5c : 

mere and temper inflamed Wied, 39g,¢. 522,c. 1263,9,1326 
15245. 

Toclenfe or purge the Bid, 391,h. $74,¢. 62952. 766,d.825,b, 
T089,b. 1167,¢, 1431,d. 

Good againft the Wimby flix, 276,b, 398,6 40754. 480,a00-5 12.6 
$22,¢.557,h649 ¢, 774b. 884.¢.932¢ 991 a. 993 a. 998 a. 
1046 ¢,1073 a,1224,b, 1281 a, 1285 a1 Zt d,1368 a. 1443,¢ 
14S M. 1471 2.1499 g. 1518,d. 1564,D. {ce Fir, 

Againft {pitting of Bid, 67,6 175,4. 54654. 807 a. S104, 895 b. 
993 ¢. 1047 £1285 §. 1367 m. 13682.1373 k, 1443 ¢.1446t. 
1451 g. 145261518 d.1g24.a.4564h. {ee SHottting. 

For thofe thar pifle Wied through the difeafes of the kidnies,826 
a, fee Diffe. 


Bi ise Wodtly lutt, $57 f. 772 be 1232 a.tsi7 b- 1536 d. See 
or 


To allay outiagious Luft ofthe ovp,s22 d, 926 d. Sec Ghatke. 
To preferucthe ISedp from corruption, 884¢. 
Tocooleand moiftenthe Wosp, 1264 k. fee Beate. 
To novrith the 1adyp; 926, 
To make the Moby weil coloured, 1367, g.{ee Coloured. 
To make the 2Bopp foluble, 308 f. 317 ¢. 793 ¢. 798 b.805 ¢.877¢ 
9IT €. 1089 ¢.1517 2. . 
To take away the ranke fmellof the opp, fee Smell. 
To preferue dead Wodtes, 9 6 k.1353¢. 
To coucr Woneg that are bare of ficth, 1004 b, 1049 be 
Tosluctogerher broken ones iu fhore fpace, 906 ¢: i433k 
1482 
To draw out broken WBoneg, 60,c. 870 ¢: 1055 f. 
To tipea and break Wotches,360y. 409 a. 8706. Yoo7 astorr a. 
To ak and breake peftilentiall Botches, IQL c. 1007 ak, 
1172 f, 
Moe tomake WBeead light, and caufe it foonerto be leauened. 
se. 
To comfortthe cold wéakeand feeble AWPratne, 33 b. 665 a> 62. 
759°. 766 b, 1293 2. 1294141433 b, 1492.9. 1501 re 1529 Com 
+1549 a. ‘ 
To purgethe UBzaing.qar d. go d. Go7b, 993 f, rosSh 1298 


To warme and dry the Bzatne, 649 d. 739 ¢: 1086 d. 12941, 

To cure Waeaking out in the whole body. fee Fitch & Scabg, 

Againft ftoppingof the Iaefk,245 b. 580 b. 1109 a. 

Againft painc of the Weel, 64.4. 779 b. ios 8 h.1257 4-1533 d. 

To increafe milke in womens Wyetts, fee Wilke & Purice. 

Againft vicerations of the Wretts, 255 b. 

To diffolue the hardneffe of womens acts, 28 ¢. 927bs 
1226h. 

To affwage great IBzeftg.and dry vp the milke,883 1. 

Goodto amend a ftinking Wgeath, 31¢. 508b. 1035b. 1097 ¢, 
177 hh. 1294 4.1433 c. 1465 g.1525¢. 1529 a. 1533 a2 1s37a 
1541 a, 1623 a. 

Good for fuch as cannot Wreathe vnlcfle they fit or land vpright. 
and hold their neckes ftraight vp. 688 d. 692h, 708 e. 793 a 
1024 d,1107 a. 

Good for fhortneffe of Breath, 174 d. 245 b. 350 Ff, $80b. 657.4 
725 a. 792 ©. 793 a. 813 d. 849. 874b. 875k, B92 a, 913 ce 
1035 b.10§1 a. 1109 a. 1176. 1145 i, 1170.4, 1257q,1303 k 
1408 ©1437 ¢. 1446 0. 1511 b.Sce Hhopitielle. 

Goodtor hole that are Wyoken or hurt inwardly, 6324, 
7746. 

For joke winded catell, 434¢. 

For inward Wantfeg. 64, eh. 688 d, 715 1,78 3.794 hs807.2,849 
e. 870i. 906 ¢.1047 h. 121i. 1158 d, 

Good for Wyntfes gotren by ftripes orfalls, 239 he 632.637 & 
756b.759£.849 €, 8701. 906b, 1078 d. {ec ffallg. 

Tortpen venereousBybo’s inthe flanke or fhare, 60 ¢, 490a, 

To keale Murntngs, 46 a. 99 5133 b.195b; 308 $s 310.349 2 
356A, gto c, Sql as $44 b.768,,a, 783,0% 811 13.857 k. 1128 aug 
4,1360a.1426 esfec Dtalding: 

Forall uyrlings, 64a; 95 f 363 a. 395 cb 403 0.434 Diy 24.0546 
a, 632a.661a,6623,671a, 483 a 7144. 793 ds 507a. 849 by 
909 beg32¢, 10784, 1116.25 1148 a61373 barqizf 14s ks Sce 
Enterocele and Ruptureg. 


Cc 


Ood for exulcerated Cawkers, rors bs : 

Good forthe Wanbers in the cycs, called in Grecke Carci- 
nomata, 317, k. 

Good for the Cankers inthe mouth, 450 a: 458,b,766c: 825,a9 


993 €- 

Toftay Cankerg from incrcating or creeping farther, 79 d. 837 bs 

To cure Cankers, 373 d. 

Good for Carbuneles, 360 y: 1369 d. i393 e: 144th? 

To ripen & breake peftitentiall Carbunctes; 317 d. 1226 hs 

To takeaway Carbuncies. 1378d. 

Againft the Watalepfe, 580 2. $20 h: 

Tocure Catarrhes, 175 ¢. 360n. 370 ck 649 d31053 b; 1333 at 
1526 a. fee Rheumes; 

To makea faire Catnatfont colour,1419 de 

To knit together brokenbones in Cattell, go6c.’ 

To cure certaine difeafes of Catteil,705 3: 977\1571 a8 

To cuic Cattell of thecough ofthe lung; \ 434, 65774 fs 
1571 a. 

Tohelpe Cattell being chap-fallen, g e. 

For Chapg ofthe fundament, 1169 b. 1333 a: 1362¢. {ee ffandas 
iment: 

For Chaps in hands and feet, 1134 d, 1362 €1373 ke 

Chaps ofthelips, 1333 at444qas 

To make onc Chafk, $21 €.1383 at J 

Good forthe Chelt,s86 at 6944, 756 6.779 c: 877 hs 1170 alg4a 
1356 261373 b. I5tr OF1620¢, 

To clenfe the @hetk of ill humors, 239 c3280 ci $74 b. 694 ar7igb 

x 725 247762.779 38791 bi 793 b 7941,833 9.835 a.881 d03§ 
¢. 1187031356 dst511b. 

Toconcoraw humorsof the Wyefk, 245 b, 714 bi79t be 793 be 
$33 g.1206 1408 ce 

For Chrldbianeg,174f. 

To driuc forththe dead Childe, 458 f.527 « 653206722 756 e 
796 a.80r b. 870 d,1048 b, 1051, 1055 b, 1218 d-2257 2213782 
1625a 

Tonourifh the Chtldeinthe wombe, 1517 b. 

Forthered gum and frets in @hiten, fee Gums & Frets, 

Toreprefle Choler in the ftomacke, 1465 is1595 b. 

To purge @holer, $63,1423 f 

Againft @holer,72 a. 395 c. 852 2. 914.993 g.14204, sor f, 

Choilericke paffion, fee Fellony. 

To dye @loath, 4o1b. 12111, 1477 b. 

To keepe Cioathes from Moths,644 a+6452,1097 e, 1100 f; See 


Garments & Moths. 
Te 


The Table of Vertues,  < 


To abate the {wellingofthe Copg.s4; d+ 

Goodagainft Cold and hoarfencfle 360,n: fee Hoarinetle. 

Againtt Cold difcafes of theinward patts-434,¢.441,2-683,2. See 
Dileates. 

Good againft the Coldneffe of the finewes. 891, cs Sec St= 
newes. ° . 

Good againtt coloneffein the ftomacke.34,d fee Stomacke. 

Good for the Weltacke paffion.1007,9423495 C» 

Aremedy for the Coltg-entll.1257, h. 

To eafe the paine of the Coilicke. 33567454-106,F132) 2. 2045 b. 
3,605X,363 243 87,2.407,641 352»497,D-874,b.916,0.99 6,a1048 
d.1073,0-11 70,8 12575€+1330540143 65% 144556 

Good againtt the coliicke and ftone.242,f.7 §6,0.794,0-1002,h, 
1029,C.U 162,26 

To reftore colont decaicd.g1,c. 880,¢.112151. 

To take away the bad colour comming of the yellow iaundice, 
667,4.845,¢. 3 i 

To caufe a good colourin theface 1154, ¢- 7055 de 1226,f, 15071. 
15339° 

To woke faire yellow colout.1268,c. 1338,¢ 

To makea deepe greene colout.1338,b. 

To colour jellics,wincs,and meats ofa purple colour. 801,0336,¢. 

A Collyrium for the cies,95 d.againft Fiftulaecs. 836, a+ 

To hinder Conception. 682;h.irg 1,11 236,c. 

To helpe conception. 79,f207,2.332,b-1 029,b. 

To helpe concocttort in the ftomacke692,g 880,¢.882, 0, 1001, g° 
1034,2.10495% 

To beale the Condylomata.{ce Fundament« 

Good againft,or to helpea confimption.736,b.880, f. 13665 Mm. 
1$29,b.1619,b. 

A medicine for the conftimption of the backe.$07, ¢. 

Good for thofe that are entring into a confumption. 1518.2. 

To cure thecontradtots of finewes, 524,2-545,a+ 557 he 615, 2 
672,6.756 0,105 55¢.1105,f:1107,a.1150,d.1408,f. 

For conbuifotts.44,4.53,¢.605h-64,2.95,0.363,8-39 539-6434, 
45 52.5723b.665,f.671,a. 688,d. 795,h.705,d. 783, b. 787, £ 
7.923¢.849,b-883,2.935,f.105 Sah. 

To6001039834-793:4. 1002, 1,107 854-1149 AE I62gb21253,8:15295 
¢.1620,b. p 

"To cole and dric.398,a,1 201,46 

Againft corruption of the aire.1373, 6151156, 

To take away copited.196,'.512,b: 1007 ,k.13925¢, 

A counterpoifon againftdeadly medicines,poifonous hearbes,bi~ 
ting and ftinging of venomous beafts.12574+ 

Good againftthe conth-$1,d.64.9.132,¢.2325C.254,b.35 $6546 
o$ $7 6487 452-6 §752.766,0°807 5 813,b,8 £6,a+8535! -878,kg87, 
d,904,4,1007,d-1014;b,1024,4.105 T> 2.1055 sk. 1116,d- 1145516 
1 146,b.1 1702.11 94,.125 75-1302 13305813365 4.1373,0» 
¥443 s0014.46,061 §0220.1§1150,0,1526,2¢ . 

Againftthe chitscough in young children.631,d. 708,c.1373,C 

Fo prouoke the courfes, &c,Sce floures and @ermes. 

Toripen orbelpean old congh.95,b-17434.4783¢ 2399¢, 1.33 1» as 
360,V.5805b,6.295b.661 a 69450.72559774,0-7923408 70518745 
b.1029.b.103'5,6.105 851,135 6,2,6.13665m.13739C 1445st. 

LG O7 51 

Good againft the crantpes.1,¢.5 95249554363 )9:39 56434,b-5 14,2 
546 ,2.665 5.6712 6724¢.688,d.705,b.71 559,783 :679334-849 5b 
$832.93 §f-110251,105 5,c 10$8,2 1078,d.1 107,11 480.11 50, 
«11 59,¢.1162,b-1 180,01 25 358.137 39061394 1.1408, 1620,b, 

Againk crabdittes.8 88,1 996,a-1081,f.1252,% 

To glue togethercuts made about the vaines fincwes and tens 
dons.'3 :,b.19154.1116,4.1 343,36 


D 


Orakeaway Dandzale.178,g 119751 1413,f 

Againt darkeneffe of the fight.See Hight. 

Tocxpell the dead childe.3525f5744»688,c. 694,b. See 
chide. 

Good againft Deafertefle.317,h.360,t.9 16sh.1172, b,1408,d2 

Tofcoure away the deformities of the skin,248,d.88 3,0-Sce 
Fraceand Skin 

Tocaule eafie and {peedic delinerance in childe-bearing.191,f- 
69 4,b.705sc.1055,b,19 11,0. See Wirth and Women. 

Againtt pifficnity of making warcri2 425f.3 31,8 +§275062350:645s 
2,6655b.810,c.1615,b.1625,b. fee Difiarie, HDtrangury aad 
rine. 

ADigelkines224, d. 

To helpe or make good digeftion 3 T,€.24%,27245,8,248,¢.366, b, 
434, 0:68231,688 1.7.93.c.884,bel 002d, 100854) 19K 3,40 136741, 

, 14S9,das29, 00193 34d 153 55261 530,25 


Good apalne Démmneffe of the cies,64,c.310,b.770,2.833,h.1011,8 
1099,k 
To cure old andcold difeates.586,b,665,2.8 61, 21874, b. 890, ig 
tlamtootiaos8,dtas7.ursgsbayas batsra, iad 
remedy for Bf3z4nefle, 3 60,t-787,¢.8 R 
Sintviing 3 3¢.870,¢,1055sh. Sce ead and 
Good againft hot and tharpe biftillationg into the eyes and othet 
parts 3535,a. 
Toure thebiting ofa mad b0g.170,¢.466,2.71§,d 1226,h. ; 
a.1424,]See MB itingand Wav. ithe OMe art Cy 
To kcepe Dogg from growing great.637, d. 


X To kill 00g9:763,d.903,2. 


Good agzinft the bitings ofthe! fea Dzagqon.1098,i 
Againft Dratoing together,or awry of Sinciedys.& 
Tocaufe troublefome and terrible Dgeatness17 55¢.17738. 1228,ks 
Good againft melancholicke dgcames"98 4,6 3g 
To put away venereous dgcamg.821,h, 
Againft the daitteffe of the lungs.6293b. 

To caufe Daunkennefle. 79,b.92,2,8 45,11 521,216 


Pate erties : 

ohelpe the dgep: piffe,i.pifling by drops,or drop after drop, 

$654 6st shiosr aigeoy [es teetndew Brea 

Tohelpe thof{e thatare entring intoa dgopfie. 64,h : 
rasenneaeele gi 20pfic. 64,b,657, 655, by 

os ea a purge for the Dgopfie.1170,61426,F Sec Purgatla 

£ 

Good againftthe dgopffe 3152.3.43d:59 ,b.72,f. 174 d.178,360,x¢ 
391sb.419,8.441,244975b.5 29,b. 532505 48,€,58256164951, 65 3 
2.667% 76654,83 856.839 ,38703¢,872.2,883;i.913, c. 978, fi 
1002,¢3i,1007,¢.1014,b 1024,d.1029,¢,1032,¢.103§,b, 1100,¢3 
11$8,6,1170,a.11 88,612225¢51257 £1314 CitgCg Po1426.a05 1 © 
1528 €1534,a,1608 f.l6ta C1619 bs 

To cure the foresof the dugg.898,b. 

Againft hot fwellings ofthe sug 99 bs 

Good forvlcers ofthe Dugs,. 363 1.939 a 

Tokecp downe maidens Dngg.949 a 

To driue away dilneffe. fee melanchollp. 

To ftay and cure Dyfenterteg. 291,9.6264,639, ¢.632 2 1349 
€.1524 a 1623 c.fce loop & Fite. 

To help the Difftry or great pain tomake'water, 32242 f 6574 
1188 c.fee Dgop-pifle and frangary. 

E 


Ood for aes Cares. 7324 858¢ 88s crogsk1334 
1362 
fi To mitigate or cure the pains of the eareg: 175 ¢ 305.¢ 33% 
yk 8 667£ 709¢924a 1206 £1257 11291 c1g01 d 1408d 
488 c 
Good for the noifeor humming in the eareg.175 ¢ 306 ¢ 856 a 
9I6C LOIZitazaf 1353g 15264 

To helpethe inuoluntarie effuGon of natural feed, 291 a, 

Hurefull vo the efeg.177. 2674. , 

Good for the efeg.6€3 c 677 48561274 b 
Good for watering or running e(eS.66 d428.a§soc 637f 681d 

694g 8sohratin1264r 1361 h 1489b 1535b 

To ceafe the paincin forc epeg.and ftay the hot humour from run 

ning into them 67 i 352£ 5094677a763b 77207744 859 h 
1187 €1232 d 1263 c1s27b ; 

To clenfe the efeg from filmes.so9 d 772 b 856¢ / 

Good for to take away the inflammation of the ef¢g1373 2378 ¢ 
$112 512¢6342734.a741d 77207742776b856¢ 9144 b 
968a 1043d 1331 b.fce Zinflammation. 

How to preferue the epeg that they bee not hurt with the {mal} 

pox or meafills15 4g, 

To takeaway thercdneffe of the epeg.772¢ 913 d. 

To take a way the ycllownefle of the epes.694.g - 

To helpblack eyes comming by blowes.732 2 1211,0:1353 f 

Good for weeping wounds of €1bowes.634 {b- 

Arcmedy againft the Enterocele which is the falling ofthe blinde 
gutinto the cods,4Gb 106 d 639 ¢737 a986.a1204b fee 18pre 
Tings and iRuptures, 

Good for the entratlesy.54.¢ 3958852 1264.2 1501 dt§36 a¢ 

Toclenfe and fcoure the entratlg.83 3a 1093 4 

Againftthedifcafe Ephialtes or night-Mare 984 f 

Good againft the ptlepfte.Sce falling ficknette. 

To eafe or affwage the inflammation called Eryfipelass 67373 & 
829b1586 a.fee uflammation, 

To takeaway efcars 1225 n. 

Good again egcoptationg ofthe conduits of the yard.284 b1073 4 

To waftc any ercrefcence inany part of the body 794, fee Mensa 

Good againft the exulegration ofthe priny parts.1492h. ‘ 


F To 


pete mcd ct 
To preferue orkecpe fiom Dyunkennelle, 303 5d.317,.1408,m,) 


« The Table of Milireiee, 


———___—— 


F 


O takeaway freckies and otherfluch deformities of the Stace, 
845,i1.998,d.12 8 1315 fo1g4r bv1378 bo1446 mi1482F, 
1sith. fee freckles, Wozphew. 

Tomake the face {mooth, 67,k.1433,h. r4qies fee Skin. 

For red Faces, 360. 715.b. 912 f, T008 ¢, 

For falling off of the haire,107,g. fee Hatres 

Good againftthe falling ficknelle, 1106 by 204,c.245 g. qftyae 
465 b. 485 b. 490,¢. 574¢. $78504586b. $97.4, 623 b. 4t4ay 
738. 759 b. 763 ¢ 774 h.787g.- 798 f. 849 f 892, 870c. 
883 d. 916 g.9774a. 984. 991 c. 1002 i, 1007 fF, rC09 Gy 1035 de 
1051 a Loss hz tos $fl. 1061 b. 1162 b. 1488 c, 1253 6.1323 co 
1367 1.14324, 1484-1507 94157850. 1612 Ce 

Good for fuch as haue Sfalien frot high places,2 51 ¢. 350 b. 434 
662 at 792 c. 828 a. 896 f, 1002 €, E121 a.'132 a. 1148 bs 119 5 cy 
1408 i. fee Waulfes and Squats. é 

Againft falling of the mother, fee Mother. he 

For the falling ofthe Vvula, fee Wpyla. 

Forthe difeafe called the ffellonp,681 a: 688 dy 1419 b. rgaside 

Fora fellon,os c- 447 b. ro1s c. . 

To tipen and open Fellong,67 h.asoc, 5 

For hot burning Frewcrs,284 a.637b.814 a, 853 m.1325b,1326b 
14rg b, 1420 31495 i¢1608 a, {ec eate. 

For certian and quartan Seuers,{ec Certian & Duartan. 

To helpe all Ffenets,5 82 c. , 

For the fewer hectique, 219 as 

To allay heateina peftilent Foner, 853m, 1465 i 1608 dy 

To cure wandring Sfeters, 1367 g 

Againtt peftilont Fenerg, 589,b. 626.725 £741 2.814 a 833 i; 
992201373 C1605 b, fee Peltilent. 

Againft old Sfeucrs, 429 b. 632¢, 

Againft intermitting Sfeners, 8801. 13167 d. fee Dgues, 

To keepe figges from putrifying, 674 ke 

For fire in burnesand f-alds, 512 b, 

Forthe filtulain the eyccalled £gilops,lec £gilops. 

To openthe narrow orifices ofa fiftula,r424 m- 

Good againfta fifala, 373,d.839,a.856 b,t072 2.1424 my 

For fiftgia’s ofthe fundament, 1169 b, 

To heale fiftnla’s, 373 d. 409 a. 719 f 

To mundificfiftula’s,4.41 c. 

To take away hardnefie in fittula’s, 441 506 d, 

To kill filh, 506 ¢. 

For fhaking fitgin 2 quotidian Aoue,fee Shikings 

Forfiteofan Ague, 3552 428b, 441 &. See Ague, 

For fits of a quartan Agne,fee Quyartan. 

Againft cold A gue fits, 545 a. 1057 d. fee Argue. 

For kernels inthe frianks, {cc #ernelg. 

To purgetough FHlegine by fiegc, $74 c. 653. 1009,¢1092 biti7o 
a, 1197 b. 1482 de1501 f Sec urge. 


To draw raw JFlegmaticke humors ont of the head, $96 
Tgoic, 
‘To attenuate or make thin thicke and tough Sleame, 880, ¢, 


1001 f, 

Toraife gently tough and groffe $Hegme fticking in the lungs and 
chelt, 275 b.661 2.756 f.7941. 807b,907 b: 1197¢ 1210h, 
1302 a,¢.Sce Thelk & Lungs. 

To kcepe raw Fick from corruption, 661 d. 

Totake away the fuperfuous ourgrowings of the -f{efh,r007 1, 

‘Lo confume away proud and fuperfuous Jflely 5361341 h. 
ris i, 

Todriveaway Fleas, 485 d. 588 d.1247 d, 

To drincaway Sflteg.480,¢,h. 

To flay che Site, 3721. 1081,d:79¢s 421 2.7872. 984,991 at 
WS a. 1339C. 1341 fer gsife 

Good againft the bloudy Jflit,395'a 413 at 419 b. 421 b: 679 a2 
$29 a 

To ftop thebloudy flit, 116 b. 338 b. 391 &,3.396 k.400 b.631 b, 
661 f, 713 b. 787 C876 a. 884.2. 895 2.935 d, 9490.99 dor2 
b, 1043 a. 10574. 1069 a.1116b, 1121 b. 11394 1150a1210g, 
1264 p,1274 a. 1326 41339 ci341F,1356% T4135. 1419 b. 
1432.4. 1436 cs1445 by. 1452b 1459 b, 14665. 1475 b.rgg4b 
1508 a. 1571 c.1578'b, 1594 be 

For hepaticke pinged, 713 ¢. 

To bring downe or provoke womens Flowers, 31 bd. 44.2 60 cz 
79 M154 C.1705.178 € 2391, 264 1269 2.281 C 317 2: 637 ce 
688 1-741 2. 743 2,796 a. $96 C916 qs 1014 b.0.49 a, 1081 a 

1162b.1188 a, 1218 d. 12462, 1294k.13€7 g, 1378 2.1379 b. 
1388 4.1405 a. 1408 Se I4o9n, 1428b, r44gi, r620h. “See 
Termes. 

‘To ftay ouermuch flowing of womens Flowers, 36.79 3550 
3711. 3951, 400,b, 413 b. 895 b 929 a949 a 1116b. 122513 


1237,6. 1325,d,1328,a. 1331, 13418. 1342.8, 1272 kv y $2)¢; 
“147539 149952.1508 b. fee Germes. Pesos ince 

To ftay the white Fluy inwomen,fee wobhiter. 

Againftthe $igy of the belly caufed by the weakeneffe of the fto= 
macke, 1007,8. 1436 c. : 

To ftop Fiuregofbloud, 766 d, 10724, 1116,b.'r 293,20 13265¢4 
1328,a.1341,6%392,a.1432,0014485k, 1452,¢ , 

To ftop all Fjures, $22 c. 697,b. 1237,b. 127458, 1281,a1471,a 
1571, 

To fupply wantof 4d,360,p, 

x Touill Tienee sie 

Againtt Fractures of the head,60,g, 

SP racures of thebones,fee Beoken UWones. 

Good for Franticke perfons, 39551.441,a 572,a,d, 798d, 100956 
1055,h,1388,d. 

To takeaway Sfreckleg, 102,b. 31731¢870,6901,b, 906,he 994d. 
1008,¢ 1086 ¢.1 538,b. 

For the French diftale, (ec French Dor. 

Jirenkc,{ce -Franticke. 

Frets in children, 279sC- 

Againftt Fretting of the guts, {ce Gute, 

To dry andheale vp moift and maligneylecrsof the Sundament, 
fee Wicerg, 

_ the heateof the Fundammerig, 

52,b. 

For nifts of the Jfandament,and the Condylomatas67 sk» 457,2.935 
§ TOTI,a.1388,f, 

To helpe the falling ofthe Jfundament in children, 619 ¢, 829,c. 

$2541.43 2,0, 
‘Tocurc hard {wellings ofthe ffyndament 


296;<,807,k~ 


§274,b,1262,c, 
G 


EE. helpe ftoppings of the @ail’ 284,a. 350,2, 395,9, $48,2) 
§32,¢. 714,b.837,c. 

For @ailg of the fundament, 1333,2. 

To ftay {preading of @anagrens, 79:d0877,1 1248,¢, 1219,ke 
1226,h.«1441-h, 1475.de 

To giuca coodfnellto @armentd, & preferue them from moths, 
1109,¢ 1535,c. fee Cloathes & Moths, 

Hurrfull to Generation, 68 1,2. 

For Stddinelle of the head, $84,b.653,d, 738;b. fee Dflinetle, 
Head, & Stoimmina. 

Todriuc away @natg, 480,c,h. 485,d.1097,0.1369 ,f, 

ag, Inft @naiwing of the belly,737,¢. 1097,2«Sce Wellp & 

ziping, 

Ls ane Gualnings of the flomacke proceeding of hot cau~ 

8, 296,b, 

ForaGonorrhea orrunning ofthe reins,§65,a. 807,¢. 821,d.h.1338 
h, 13645b.1435,9. 14.60,f. 1608,c. ' 
Totake away or cafothe paine of the @ont, 102,a,'164,b.171,h, 
317)f 35 55b.377,k. qt 1,a,c. 458,¢. 634,¢, 661,¢.69 a,b 782,25 
811,h. 835,c. 848k, 1002,f. rorr,d, 1073,h. 12253m. 1307,8. 
1315,1.1333,b.1423\¢,1426,c, 1488.9. 151351, 1364,¢61575 a 

1586,a.1619,¢, 

To purge Gouty humors, 164,2. 497,b, 

For thehot Sout,5113b,¢. 524,b. 

eapirpgniet remedieagainft the eouts 
877,|° 

Good againftthe dont inthchucklebones, 1107,a, fee Heian 
tica. 

Tohelpe the Gont poflefling the feet, 331,b2 
428,g, 

To driue forth Gaanell, 315, 239,¢. 24352. 33159, 682,m.708 k 
825 ,6f- 90732. 9355f, 1162,4. 11725¢ 1364,a. 14.37,¢, 1434,f. 
1455,c.{ce tonepes. 

Agaidft the Gene Sicknefle, 391,h. 64.93f. 74324. 1314,¢, See 
Sicknelle & Datds. 

To mitigate Gaipttigs of the belly, 64,a. 80, b.174,d. 3733395 
ae 485,2- $46,a. §72,b. 634,f, 649,0.916,8, 1027,d.1029 b.1032 
@.104.8,¢. 105 1,b. 1053,b, 1055,a, 10665261 206561257 4.1373 
b.1528,d. 1578 c. Sec Welly & Gnawing, 

For the red ymin children, 279 Ce 

Forfwellings in che Gumg,soo,f. 

Lo itrengthen the @ums,998,2.1451,i.1 521. 

Againg ylccrsand forenefle ofthe @umg, 825,a. 1078661333 ae 
144420 

To take away heatein burning by dunponder, 
857,ke 


53230. 6518 


171;k, 349.4. 
Good 


The Table of Veraest . 


Fa) eee -_ . = = — = aaa 
Good again the roughneffe and fretting of the ®ntgi 395,a. Toalay and takeaway the ibeate of vrine, 32,b, 1330,b° 
932,4-1014yd.1049,0.1187,8-1453,ke1$33,C0 -Good for the PectiqneFener which jsa Confumpticn, 21959. ve 
Againft the falling forth of the @nt, called Saccus ventyris. 490° A remedy againft the: venomous qualities of Bemlockes.708, f° 
b.619.d,.1349.b, 880,h11098, i,1100,by- ; 


Againft the viccration of the @ntg.$22,62197.,i,1603, b, aan Homophoide.60,d.170,d.509 ,1.845,¢ isin, ki See 
ties. , 


, To ftop ouermuch flowing of the Pemozrhoids soo,i4602,0.80 4 
H ktorr,a.r121,d1274 + 13.73,k; 1413 bit4sig Pith 


: : : To cure the Bemogrhoide,3 6 s°80552.1092 2, ot 
‘Tocaule Yatteto grow thatis fallen oftthrough thedileate Atos Good againft the paine “a farllion-oftte aBimosstorte. 7a 


pecia;gs,c.97 b.1180sb.2271,b.1448,h. 852,b.916,p.1092,a. 
To hinderthe growth of Wafre.116,¢,121T,t6 4 Connterpoifon for Henbane 708,g, 


1330,4,1526,9.1549,9, 
Tomakedpatre blacke,859,¢.1331,b.134%sh,1345,be1413,f For ftinging of Bomets.1257,0. 


* Toclenf the Uatve fron Nits and Lice,644,a, . Good to tatten 9eng,83,a. i 
To caufethe Wate to come in places that wantit, throughbur- Fo caufe engto lay ¢gges plentifully.769 ,e; 1259\hy \, 
ming (calding.ot reer 7a Ad TET 919b-239,62455K.382, ~ Tocurc erneps.639,2. ts 
b,1081,6.1145,de1146,¢ 1177,d, Good againft the 4icket'39532:572;46813a:849 b:864 
To caufe atrero waxiyellow. 480,¢ 776 , ¢.1326,d.1494,c._ 10335a,b.1035,b-1 ee 99657255 98-049,b.892,2,1027)d 
To caufe Batre to falloff $06,b.8585d.876,c.900,¢,1089,f, Tocure all achesin the Pipg.Sce Delatica, 
1136,% To teke away Hoarknel#le:23 2,0, 852,a8 hy 1067 yer : 
To kein: Wate red,1396 5c ae oe pie 


1426,d,1475,0%49%sb.. To refrefha wearicd Wogfe 5 and make hi ; 
To octane He IHaitre from falling,37,¢,$09,f-719,c,805,¢,821 4476. : ae and make hiny trayell theta 
b.845, i-1007,m\T291)a, 1361). 1413,f, 144t,h, 1492,0+ Again {ache and paine of the Bucklecbong: 395,2.643,a8966 
149430+1528,i3 r 7 1257,d."Sce Detatica, rf 
To heale the chaps of the hands comming of cold,67.k, To.cut tough Bumozg.399,3.657,2:791;01023,d178 ) 
Tomakethe Handg {mooth,ib. 1465.41$09 c. 3 7536791 3 7,AA197, 


Good to foften the Bardnefle of the fincwes and matrix, r93,d. To purge by ficge and prine'cholericke Tumors.509,¢,880,c, 


fee WDatrtr. Toftay i3umoz8fiom falling into the. cids, rote Gomm o 
To cot bop TE Wardmefle of the Spleene,64,¢.250,c, fee : $80,b, #8 fromfalling into the cies, 355,¢.674.d 6775 4 
Spleene, Tomake thinne,thicke grofleahd flimy Hnwo; $651,194, Co 
'To diffolue orga the Bardnelle of Tumors,60,¢, See Swels 175,4:548,2.486,c,g96,e10s8,ntypen Ste Bitenvate sad 

ifngs,and @umozs. aww. : 
A remedy againft the poyfonof the fea ¥are.737, d.1353.m, To digeft Cilt ahd pituitous Humors, 1089,001 303, ‘ 
‘To takeaway the #)a% of the eye.657,b.245,d. Toconcoétand bring vp raw Gumoze that fticke inthe Chefte 
Heclastial hindi a eres 152,b.175 218248 $57 %4707,2,725,2, 877,h, 1066, 114646 
Tohelpe or take away the Headeache.68,b 39,2. 35951. S09, f. 1336 461445 6 


F 5.6725 674,c. 681, c. . f 
$3252.57 558/5783b+$85,b.633, b,644,c.6725 ae To draw away waterith Bumozg, 665 4.874;8.882\i.12 146. 
68241.700,¢.715,6719,4.874,b.883) d: 907, b- 916,8,924, bo digchtraw Bumourgofthe trek and lungersatur7 cob 
1009,¢+4206,f.1232,¢.1367)1,1388,4.1396,d.1428,c.1446,n. 877,1:996,b.1226,40549.0, See Chef and Langs ‘s 


1484,¢,1551,c+16195¢- Pilg. To dtaw forth blacke and thi r Ht hig 
Toate the 2orcllerable paine of the ¥eab, preceeding of heate. iy cke and thicke duymozgi667,«, 


339:3,341,¢.821,d.853,0. 


To purge the Hrad.1 70,031 7,8.319,b.61930.766,b,358,¢.1298 T 
P-1405,a- : 
Againit the wounds of the #3¢a0.3 56,4» Good agdinft the yellow Gatnndéce 34.3.97,0:016,de1 Peis 
Good for the ead.1$2,2.674)i-714.8.767,b 1293.2. 34.3.97. IS 4.01074, 


25450.284,a,29119.3275.342,2, 350, a. 391,8,h, 395, cg2t,d 


To purge the Head mightily of foule and flimy humours. 378,a, 4295b.485,2.497,b.527.a,.534, 4548,0,5 56, b.s7 8.24 63; c 


637:¢.663,2,816,b.8453h. ©55,2688,c.709,d0712,2,714 b.745,0.948)a, 801,845.68 66 

To heale feabbed Headsin childrenj1218,c.fee Seabs. d.507,.978,i.9874b.992,01993,6400y, tocg. ner hbnae 

‘To purge water and flegme out ee ha: by the mouth,759,d. 21016,b-1070,b.107 85.1087 b,1065,a:1 12 Li114147.1T70.6, 
877,1002,mM.1020,0.143398 15422-15494. 122256126 4,t41.299,¢.1326)31266,0..2 ey ‘ % 

Good againt dizzineffe of the Heav.1484,c, Sec Mi3zinelle and 1608,F. 4 361132658513 90,6 1379,f1409,n 1431,b; 
Dioinming, ‘ Tocurethe blacke Jaundtce,1 313 q. 

Toheale running vicersofthe Head. 1197,i.1206,¢. 1226, hh. Good againft the old and long latting fwellings of the Iaioeg 
1257,k. T092,a, 

To ftrengthen Hearing, 85 6,2. - To aflwage or heale the difeafe called Fenis Sacer, ot Wilde-fircd 

To Breeadieh tbe Heart.132,b.674.1.741,0.799 ¢+852,d 882,p, 80$:0,823,b. 4 ‘08 e-firce 
FOOT, 9.1406,d.1264,a.1501,f,1536,a,b.1586.c, Againft Vaine ¥maginationg.1343,d, 


‘To eomfortthe sie SAB Aalst A OrKEEIS 686,b. 652, \ Goodto limne Zmagerte with.154,:h. 
7443967 97.8 7999-8 5240-853)1- 999.6.1023,4,1040,1.1043,s "Totake away the fwellin and paine othot F ; 
ese ty all 94h 465,11501,e Gi ciaenee Po My emt Fiipokhumes.3 2/3 

Good againft the trembling and !thaking of the Beart. 584, b. To bring hard Fimpottumes to maturation or tipeneffe 132,¢ 

vw 741j0,88250,1047511264,1,8: 13.43,Ce 557093542 See Bpoltemes: enh 

Good for the Beart-burning.308,a.339,8 876,a.1451,d, To confume & diffuluec all 

To take away ieate of the face,g99,t Yr 


cold hard Fmpoftumer:30,y, 11 975RC 
To take away the Seate ot burnings and {caldings. 171,k, §11,b. 


Sper see Fmpottumes in the ioints of the fingers, 447,b: See 
clon. ag 


1461,a. 1 To breake Jmpoftumes,6 12s68,a5 870,¢, : 
To ee the intemperate cate of the Raines. 852,a. Re Fn= To tipen ane sbtecorte FJmpottance in the fank,r9r,b," 
flammatton: j 480,21351,b.2811,d.(ce 1Buboeg, “net - 
To quench the firie dente of the cies, fee Piesand Inflammas Tocurerhe difeate called Impetigo,rotr, f « 
ton. ; Againft the Jnfedton of, the plague or peftilence, sf 
Tocoole the deate of the intrailes,588,a, 914,a.1325,0.1465, 10 Patatasnnconaa sete diasy pappatetne J 
TSOTSf.E516,a, ? Good againft all cold Fnrmtties of the ftomacke,877 h.14o8 
To coole the Weate of burning vicers,1394,m, See Stomacke, a ht408,g 
‘To coole the Weate of the Liner.72,c.3 98,b.852,a, 1323 2, Good tor the Fnfirmities of the mother, 757.4, 1209,d; 1468, k 
1326,b,Sce Hiner. Sec ‘Baton Mother. sw? 
mpauese all kindes of Seate.296,¢.239,a,1264, n. See Buz Againt the nfirmirtes of the heart.70$3a,738 b,. See Beart. - 
amattot 


Good againft the nfirmétics ofthe Sple Mix, ss 
To refre(h or increafe inward and naturall Beate, 80,c, 882) n- htdagetie aoe Sera ‘encor Milr.669,h, 8or,¢ 


To alayextremitie of Heatein burning Feuers or Agues. 398,45 To helpe the Jnfirmittes of the Liwer,$27,4,619,¢,5925 9.491,b 
$88,a,80756.852,a,12643¢ 1578.d.t soqsbifee Feancrss 1408,0.Sec Iiiner, ZyASTPEG 32s 0.991, 


B bbbb bb) Good 


~The Table of Vertues. 


Good for Fnfirmities of the kidnies. $27,d\6T9st-B0L, C. 8595 & 
8 74,b.87758.TOBI,€-143 754-1529 36 See Bs idnetes. 
Good for Pnsirmttiog of the bladder.877 3b.1408,¢,k.fee Wladers 
Good tor J[nfirmities of the Cheft-s 1,d.776,a.See Chetk. 
Good for FnGrustties of the Fu ndameht,681,d.Sce Fandament, 
Goodagaink Futirmities of the finewes.783,¢ 1055,h. See ts 
meioes : : 
Againt Fnfrwities inthe carers 4f 
Tohelpe the Fnflammationg of the almonds, throat, and other 
ares adioyning-276,a.127 4,2.1478,0.1 $08,b.fee Bimondgy. 
'To help JnAammations of the dags.95, c 
Againg Fnfammations newly begun.276,b. 1394, m.1413, de 
1460,2.1508,b. 
Aremedy againft the inflammation of theftones. 95,3555 & 
I211,qe 
Todifolue Jndammattong of the breaft, lungs, and rough astes 
Fie. 39 5f8 5351-855 0.9 £150.1303, ke f J 
Tohelpeor cate JnGammations of theercs.99y b6.284,'f. 411, b. 
4215016265b.85 2,641 TOT F122 520. 14133% See tes. 
Good againft allinward Fndammations, 306, b.6373g. 9215 d. 
1263 ,2.1420)a.1 533 b. : 
Againit the ginflammations of the raines. 64,h, 395,827, d. 
1533,0,1608,¢+ % 
Tocoole the FnGammatton of the liaer5725b.637:g.8 53:k1400, 
d.t431,b.See iiucr. 
Good tor apnderannaione of the fundament,4903b.807,k.1225,0 
12 rei 9.0. 
To ee ht or cure all Pnflammattong.27,c-665b.250,¢.896,2 
» gor,¢.308 BAT T54.3429863 9258-447 0.511 5052930471 93046 5390 
74,0.67830.71 9979 250.81 3526825 2.829 90° $99,852 ,C.0OL25 
112 /5b.11 87501 127,120!) 2613.25, 139652. 1 408, ke 14.2640 
143931460 961478,a-1488, b.1518,1, 
Fo cure members oucof Joint. 196,4.782,2.794)b.845, k, 876,¢. 
906,d.91 6,0. 1907,¢.1 134d. 14852. 138856 
"To cure the fhakingsofthe Zoints declining to thepalfie. Sce 


abings. t 
eat paines in the Fotnts.87 4,¢.1053,b,t180,a 
\ y238;0,125730.1532;8.1612,c. 
‘6 ftrengthen the Zoints $32, a. 
oaflwage or diffoluc Gwellings in the feinte.770,b.3 $:8,1257,b 
god for weeping wounds ofthe Jjoitts.63 4, b. ; 
Po helpe the long continual! paine of the Fotntg. 861 a» 
Td cure the Pichtatica.sce etatica- 
Fer\mans involunsaric Filue.Sce Gonorrhea. 
To ftay or flop all Blues of bloud.35 5, c.4z1,b.565,9.631,b.93 59 
: higg3se:993921948,2-1 082, h104354.1047,t, 1069, a, 1237, b. 
1264,11y 128,461 3 680.1413 ,b.1443,6 145130.1475, a, 149 1Ce 
1499,24578,b-See Fluxes of bloud, : 
Tobe lid vpon FBilnes.854,f 
To helpe the Feehing in the corners of the cies, so9,f. 
To take away the Btching of the’cies,1043.d. 856,c.1$27,b. 
“ro cute the Bteh ot the body.3 43,h.497,°.794, 1.8235 a. 85 5 abe 
1226,1,1 29800133353» '465)10-1608, f, 


K 


To tale away the inflammation of the Xernels vader the cares, 
iawes, necke,armesholesand fankes,704+ a,181 1yM.139 33C+ 
1499,C» 

Toconfume or wafte away hard fwellings ofthe Heenels, 518,2- 
124§,0.13 62st. 51 15 By 

Good againtt Sxibed ietolonitek 13 53443 $957-529,a° Bix, 1.9 459k 
1225,p.1226,].1584,b. 

To open stoppings of tlie Haites.42%04.5 34,b.6615¢.885,6.10235 
d. 1025 ,9,1045,a01 4 53,21 L12;b. 1314¢3b.1 43 19 

To clenfe the Utontes.2 1956.57 4:b-6232.626sd. 84252, 10325 fe 
104756.13 64,261 773,10 5 11501594, Ce 

Good for the vlcers of the Mttdntes-See Tuicers and Ticerattong. 

To firengthen the UiDmteG.33,6106S, 61 164, k,1303,61512,¢. 

Tobytake and driuc forth the ftoncand gravel] in the dtdnies. 

1437,¢.1444,b,1511,n.Sce @raneltand Stone. 

Good for to allwage the paine of the HtOni1e 9.3 59,9.714.6.874,b. 
877,h, 98456 1017.a,103 256.10 5 § bs 11453K. 1206, 61315, Me 
143754.1444,b 1502,a.15; 75 De 

Good for the dugges of 3ztne thar haue becne bit bya venomous, 
worme,or are chapt 789,a+ Z 

To foften the Kingsseutl,s1.¢ Se,c. 

To confumeand wafteaway the Ringszetitll,518,a.609,b.61 ya 
704;2810,d 1145 .d-1211,1218,c.¥ 31$,m1 36250, 1 511, 8 
1$26,2.1619,6, 

Fo diflolue and cure the Sings eulil.366,c.692,1.7175°-78 35%. 


825,¢,845,b.1007,a.1012,d. Anots.fcc Modes. 
L 


Ood for Wanenefle 1180.2. 
“35 Good againft the ILagb¢.36,2.395,.631,b. 

? Good for rhofe thatare troubled with a hor Haske. 36,3, 
511,C.820,a01 326,C0 

To ftop or ftay the Laghe.71d.7 99-8 5,2,116,b 27 6,388,b.391 5 
¢.396,k.398,f.4.00,0.522,11.54132. €71,b.678,b. 774,b, 783; do 
876,a 881, f.883,1.89 552.93 51993, d.993,a: 1012,b. 1027, d. 
103 $,4.1043,a,1046,:1669,8.1073 ,a.11315C T1O951.014552¢ 
¥15058.1194)2 1224,0.124e.4-1257,y.1264,P.1292;f1322, a, 
¥328,a-1331,a-1341,0.1356,f.0368,01379,f 1413, C. 143252, 
144054. 443-f61 4455-14 475C.145 2.1459, be 1466,0-1475 5 
a 14913¢-1494,C.1§01,b.7 §08,a,1538,b. 1564.» : 

Good for them thac would be Reate.t ¥ 23,465 4235601472, Bo 

To procure Lecherte.Sce Wodilp and Ant. 

To take away {welling ofthe Uegs.69,a. 1531,d> 

Good againft the manginefle ofthe Legs. 870,k.1461,b. 

Tohelpe the old aches and paineia the degg.o81,b. 

To curc oldand filthie viccrsinthedhegges. 700,4.870,k. 

Tokill Leopardg.903,a6 

Good for {uch as hauethe Letharate.z45,¢,572,2, d.toog, ec 
10$5;h.¥180,c.1388,d 

Toeale the Mepzofie, 79.4.378,c+506,d.578,b.698, i,k. 8or,a, 
$76. 4545 2:1608,f,1619,b- 

To ve away Aepey.57 s8:879,8,883,0.890,3,977; 2013 534M 
1911, N. 

Good againft Lentils.248,¢.3 66;¢.1608,¢. 

To takeaway ILentils in the face.13 2,h.360,t.912, |h, 

Tokill Lice 495,b 647,2.858,4.1379,b.1492,b.1549, be 

To drine Lice out of the beard, head,andallother parts of the bos 

14955050. , 
cokes Aichengs (that is terters or ringwormes) inehildren or 
young infantss1459,¢ 

To preferue and prolong the Hifeof man.882,n. 

Forchapsof the dips, fee Chaps. 

Good for the Ltmer.395)2,¢.419,b.434,b 649,F.877514992,c.103 2,6 
1041,b,1126,a.1162,b.n94° b,1485,a.13¢3.€, 

Tocoole the hot burning or inflammationofthe Ufyer.234, a. 
3.06,b.852,2-1178,d1204,2 01565, 2.1608,c, See Fugamima- 
ton. ‘ 

Lo hclpeobftruétions of the aLiner.327,d.3 $0,2.368,a.420, b. 
434,60442,b.527,0°5 34,0-548,2.578, a, d.586,c.632,b,0.845, be 
$56,d.984,b.996,b,1016,b.1095,8.1097,€.1167 ,b.1170, C1232,Co 
1373901437 5001447,bit47 2, fey 335.1 508, 8.15 2 550153 42916124 
feo Stoppings. 

Tomollifieand take away the hard fwellings of the Liter, 242,ce 

Toftrengthen the wet. 95,2.713,2 1089,¢-197,¢, 1264. kasor,f 
152 F015 34,8+1536,2.1538,b.1619,b,1623,b. 

A good medicine againft Loathing of meat, 1097,b.1393,¢.1408,2 
A dLogch for an old cough & ftuftirg ofthe Lungs, 667, c. 

To flay the Longing ot women with childe,1451,¢.fec Moment. 
Aottong for cankers & foresin childrens mouths,174,i,feo Waten 

A medicine againft the dLoSofie eui!.441,1.0. 

To diffolueknottic and hard Lnmps in any part ofthe body.96,b. 
702;b,863,b,894,b.1012,b.10 58.h. 

To curcthe dLunaticke perfon 958,b, 

To quiet the Lunaticke.798, de 

Good for the Lunge-529,b.776,2.779,b.807,¢.877,h 881,d, 892 
€,9$1 b.102 6 52103 2,€ 1448, k.igtt,b.1571,b, s 

To open orremouc obftrudtions or toppings of theHlungs,360,h 

§86,c.653,6.849,1.916,8 993, 1024,061257 99-1 302,d.1428,b 

Againft deftillations vpon the dunge.370,h. 

To clenfethe Lungs.32,4.175,1-574,b.672,b. 694 2.807,¢. 

For the confumption of the dLangs.154,c-629. b 940,¢, 1040, 
114821303 k.1356.€.1437,b.1557, b. 

To help the Lungs inflamed. 5 80,b.629,b.708,¢. 852,0.1571,b 

Good againft the cough of the Lungs.¢44,,694, co 

Good forthe dunes oppreffed with raw cold humors,1§2,b.667 
€.776,b.793904 878, k.10$3.b.1066,b.1437,d.1445,i6 

To procure or ftir vp bodily Apf.106,c,154,¢.207,b,248,b.251,d 
7073607 $239-77,C.84 15¢.880,f.901, 3.1023, €, 1026,a.1029,b. 
1053,0-103 558-1049 3C105319.1057,C,1107 8.1112 sb, 1128,a. 
1154,¢.1156,b.1 16356.1356561434,,1437,6. 1438,b.1472, he 
Sce WBoodtlp. 

To reftraine bodily ADnl.821,¢.918,a¢ 

To cafe all Lurations.37,0.1620,b¢ 


M. A 


The Table of Vertues. 


4,c8M. 


Medicine againft MDadnefte. 57200) 
To take ey ‘Dadneie reink of melancholy and 
the {pleenc, 578,b. 977,26 4 
To cure the biting of Mad vogg, 805g, 1002,¢+ 1004,8. See Wis 
ting, Wad,and Dog. 


Pro kill Wagaots, 1369.¢- 


og 


To cure Mafdens of the areene Sickeneffe, and fend againe the 

liucly colour into their faces, 258, b. See Gpeetsand Hicknes- 

Jo cure ciel gacek gE 388,c, 391gh, 506d, $363% 51530. 
1, 1007,'.1444,0.1482, 08 

Ancthecall Temedie egatatt the night Mare,o84,6 : 

To takeaway blackeand blew Marks proceeding ofbeating and 
~ pruifes, 373,b. 870,°. 872,¢. 103554 ¢, 1098, i. L211, 12185¢, 
1408,i, r4q7,¢. Sce Blacknelle & Wanifes. , 

‘To takeaway Markeg remaining after {mall.pox and meafels, 
845,114.50, 15115h, 

Good forthe MPatrip, and to eafe the paines thereof, 39552-4215 
B. 48.5506 67730, 653, 71857: 726,d, 766,2, 78736 90950. 10045 
© 117758 1291,” 129452 ; 

To Se coldaedeund ftopping of the Watrir, 31,4. 577,b+ 
$86,% 66150, 67259, 1059;). TIO4,c, 1188,c.1246,a, 12573% 
1373,b61549,% 

rro mallibe a openthe Matrty, 195,c, 586, c 649,75 672, gs 
I197,h. 1206,0.1291,d, 1426,c. 

To helpe the intlammation ofthe Mattit, 44, ¢. 196, $22,f6 
$5750. 1081,d, 119751 1388,d. 

Tocure thefuffocation and ftrangling of the Datrig, 1os1, 4 
10$5,m.1104,c,See Mother. 

To bring the Matri¢ into her right place againe, 1257, b 
13418» 

Tookne the WDatriy, $74,b-715,'. 

Good for impoftumes of the MBatrip, 898,b. 

Good againftthe MPealels; 629,2.661,9, 801,6 

Good for fuch as cannot brooke their Meat, 
1219,i. 

To cafe the paine of the megrim, 35,2. 360,1.584,2.637)67 83, 
883,d. 1073, 1408,1.1586;5b. 

‘To purge Melancholy, 5 75,h. 653, 672,¢.798,4-9775%1 29856 


667, i. YOOY,g: 


1343,de 
Goodfora DMelancholy perfon, $74.4. 674, f 69250: 9533 g 


1343,¢ 

The Melilote plaifter, r206,b. 

Tocure Melicerides, 1206,c. 

To warme cold Members; 1257,u, 

To ftrengthen weake Members, 876 ,¢. 1335,b. 134553; 

To ftrengthenand preferuethe weakened Demozie, 
1172,b. 

Tocomfort MPemozp.41 t,b6635¢. 1294,¢. 

To ftop the ouermuch flowing of the Menfeg, S:¢ Jotires and 
‘ermes,51,h. 

To prouoke womens Wenfegs, S:e flowergand Ceres, 51,¢e 
64,b. 15119. 1533,b. 

To make one Merrp, 152, 4. 674310686, b. 70554, 738563 79752» 
880,f:10475i. 1126,a. 1343,¢, 

To kcepe from Merrpgalls, 1388,g- 


Good againft or to cure Merrpgailp,3 59% 1360,2.1584,b, 

To kill MPiceand Rats, 441,¢, 

To increafe or canfe much tke in Nurfesbrelts, 232,b. 229,i. 
296,b- 308,2.°524,1.803,b, 1033, a 103552» 1086, a. 1242574 
1307,b. 1356,c. 

To cruddle Wtike, 1170, b. 1S 11,p. 


766; 


To dry vp Mtlke, 67.4,2: 883). 12115). 1225, fo 125 7ote 
To hive tikefrom waxing foure and crudling in the ftomack, 
68r,f 1511,p. 


To cure the hardneffe,&c: of rhe MLit, fee Swpleene. 

To open the toppings of the SWilt, $3.4,b-578,3.586,c.lcc Stops 
ping, Dbtrndion, nd Splene. : 

‘To draw much moiftyre from the head; andclenfe the braine;fee 
Bead. ; 

To dry vp oucrmuch motfnteofthe ftomacke, 124232.1393,¢, 
1413,€4 

To bring downe the MPonethip courfe of Women, &c. See 
Fiowers. 


Againft the rifing and {uffocation of the Wother, 245, 


£328, a7 
359,b. 653,¢..692, b. 743, 4.814,b. 984, f 1007, n, on 


I : 
rs eae i eee. : BE oi P09,C, 
‘o mollifieand foften the foresof the other. , 
1362, Het, 51, 935,88 


To helpe the falling downe of the QDether, 1422,2, 
To cleats the Mother, 332,b. \ Fe ce 
To keepegarinents from Meths,a196, dire 
b.See Clothes & @armentg. . atl 136958, 14149 
Tokill Moths; 1369,8. 
Againft the biting of the Maple called Shrew,179 h. 1098, i, 
To dry vp and heale the virulent ylcers of the Wonth,632 d rox 
be 12025b. Med 
Tocure all vicers of the $Ponth, 273, b, 42x 
1,12745'+1393,¢+1395,a.148452. 
Againftinflammations of the Mouth, 400,c. 456,b, 825,¢, 853 
.m,876,a,998,a, 1274,9°1331,b, 14365.04qa,k, f 
Anexcellent Mandificatine for old yicers and malignant Sores, 
441,¢. Lo1s,d, (ce Micers. 
Ree the Murraine and other infirmities of Cattell, Sce Oats 
tell. 
Tohelpeall Murs, 1086, d, 


BONO the suffocation by Makromes,; 708; f,808,h, 10983: 
573% : 


ihe 825,¢-992,f ret, 


N 


O ftrengthen J2ature, 926,2. 
T To helpe the ftanding out of the SAG. r055,d; 
To take away loofe SPatieg on the fingers ortocs, 897.1 
To eng ill Fattes to fall off, $57,4,816,b. 883,n, 963;4 135k 
2 1362,c. , 
To healethe galled §ecks of cattell, 1130,b, 
To helpe contraétion of the SMernes, See Sbpinbing of the Sie 


newcs, 
Good for Hight Wheates, 1393,¢. 
For ftinging of ettles, 7085h. 
To caufe reeGing, (cc Ayneefing 
Toclenfe the haire of $2118,644,2. 
To kill Pits, 647,a. 85 8,d. 119751. 1353.1, 13706, t , 
Towaite hard Rodes,245,1. 845,h, tage 492,b¢ 
For Ps Motfe of theeares, sn aes: | 
For ftanching bleeding at the Jofe, te Wlepina, 
Tocaufe the Jefe to blecd, 1073.0, ning 


To take away the difeafe of the Jofe which i 
Polypie. y ichiscalled Petypys, fee 


To curcred fierie J2ofeg,9 12,6. 


Tocure the old fores and vie ic ' 
ae ¢ old fores and vicers which breed ia the Motipiig, 
Againft ummeffe of the fect,hauds, and: finewes, 892,¢. 

1148,c. 4 ; 


How to encreafe and ingender milkein’ ‘ 
41042, 6 gender in Hurleg bretts;37 836,360 


oO 


O open DbfFractorts, 3432.152,b. 177,a, 287,¢. 424.9, 08 

T b.534, b. 578,f.65758705,b. 778,b.025,a. taceaee 

4,1053,d. 1145,a.fe¢ Stoppings. 

Toopen Dbftructiong ofthe liucr, 3,4, 398,b. 421,d,556,b,626, 
d, 661,¢.694,a. 714, b, 79152. 837,°. 885,6. 896.2. 011, 993 
£1001, Ce L015,a, 1023, d, T024,b,1089,b, I12z,i, 1139,be 
1236,d.1264,c. Sec diner and Sytoppings. . 

Good againft Dbftrnciong or toppings of the {pleene, §56,by 
exh PaaS TERY TS 03738 Pay b. 895,a.100% acy 

023,d, 1024,b. 1689;b, I12I, is 1236, d, fec 1 

i roping 9s 2 355 ec Spleens 
Ocure orwafte Oedemata, viz; cold {wellings, 776,b. 889 
1. 1336,01529,4, 1619,c. sii at 

A precious Dileto curedeepe wounds, thofe made through the 


yore orwith any yenomous weapons,and alfo prickt finewes, 
41,0. 
Anexcellent Mintm 


ent for members out of icint,sour,and kj 
heeles, 665,¢, we wel 


Againft the d edi: pi : : 
Toclenfe and takeaway che SBogphetn,178,9. 196,3-289,7.466 me q « danger procteding of Opium, 967,2,787,d, 88 0,hs 


a. 821,b.833,.870,]. 90). 116152. 
To take away the white Pozphet of the face, 95,b.912, 61218 


© 1408, 


4084. 
Pu take away the blacke ogphel,s19,7.833,b, 979.6 


1L045d. 
— oa Dpilations ot foppings of the liver, 07,b,See Db Grae 
NS» 


Againft Dppzefiton of she Cheft with raw endsold 
Chetk, Bumogp, Bate. “! humors, See 


Bbbbbbb 2 ig = 


_ 


= 


4) 


ee 


The Table of Vertues. 


Toopen Deffices of iftula’sand iffucs, {ec Fiknlaes, 
‘To cure the difeafe Ofcedo,fee Heuruyp. 

‘To diffolue MD wtgrowings, {ce tens: 

Againt the Oxera, 76,20 1625,a0 


p 


Oremedy the PatneoftheMegrim,7 50 ,b.ce Bearitr 
ToaflwagePatne. 71,¢. 310,d.352,i.35 50a. 370,d.958,0. 
557,h. 756,h, 872, © 935,a- 1033,d. 1195, b, 1292,¢. 
13945].1413,d. 14452f 
Eorthe Patne of the gout,3$9,b.1195,b. fee Gotit. 
For the extreme #atne of the ftone, fee tone. 
Againtt all Datnes. ofthe ioynts, 637,2.874,b. 
Good againtt or toaflwage all Daineg of the finewes.71,¢+55 95 he 
G5tyc.1058,f, 
Againft Patne ofthe bladder, ioyned with heate and fharpnes of 
vrine, 291, a. 
Tohelpe the yatnegin the fide, 47,2. 64,2. 661,2. 694,2, 629.2, 
755,8- 760,0. 849,b: 870, i, 93 §,b, 1017 ,a, 10§8,h.1066,¢.115 9, 
_ © 1188,a12575q, 
For Patneg of the Fundament, 421,¢. 
For Patues prozceding ofcold caufes, 24 Sh. 
For Patuting womens faces, 801,d. Zz 
For Panting of the heart, {ce Beart. 
To keepe down maidens Daps,949,2 
To cure fore Papg,3 63,1. 89 3,be - 
To takeaway hardncfle of the Pape,s27,bs 
To cure vicers of the Papg,{ce Dugg. 
Goodfor feeble Marts,1106,k. 
For the cholcticke Paflion,(ce Felony. 
For Patlton of the heatt;79#,f:99 85cs tt 
Tocure the Palfie, °° 134,b. 317,20 458,€, B¥9%CsB4,b.705,b. 
7 59,0 786,b, 792,2.896,'.1055,h. 1 583B. L180, a, 1529, ce 
1619,¢. : : 
To diye takeaway the 3 cavle of the cye,694,¢. 345,d.1206,d, 
For ®enfine perfons, 653,d. 799,¢° 
Yo preferuc from etilence, 65451. 409,¢.438, a, 1029, d, 1172,¢€ 
1253,¢ 
To expel the poyfon of the eftifence, and caufe it to break forth 
in lifters outwardly, 191,h. » 
To breake eltilent forces, 726, r007,k. S-¢ Watches aad Cars 
buncles. : 
Tocure WcfkAent carbuncles, 1002,b- 
Againk Pettilent fetters, ro02,k: 163 7,b.1172,¢, 1246,b, £253,¢, 
4420,a. See Sewers. _ 
Good again 3Dhlegmons,829,b. 15174, 
To diffolue hlegmong of thebrefty lungs, and rough Arterie, 
1431,¢. : 
For Phpenfie, ec! Franticke: 
Toconfume Phymata,1218,¢,1336,¢ 1 508,h. 
Vernith ‘or Qictutes,13.74,1, 
Focur: the Piles, 360,x,7175c, 774,d.817,¢. 376,¢, 1423,d.Sece 
Hemorrhoids, 
To open #iles of the fundament, $08,b, 
For Pilling off of the haire,fec Pates. 
To takeaway Ptmpleg of the face, 912,6.994,€. 1315,0 1445,h, 
For the $9 {nin the eye; 856,f.See ted, 
Toopen the4){peg, 577,8 792,a- 


1246,b. 1257p. 1336,b-13733b. 1a tasl, t447,c. 4464.6. 1409 «- 
K511,c. t20,41622,a.Sce Blenome. el allmaiat a 
Againft cold Dopfong, 177, 2. 880,h, 882, 0, 1002,% 2366,f, 
1§26,a, 4 
Agsinftthe difeafe Polypysin the nofe. 
£369.65. ° 

A fingular Popwlegn,s12 a6 ; 

To open the ¥oz0e; 75 Ga. } A 

To helpe the Poke, 1086,d, 

A Pyclerpatine againftacortupted or peftilentaire, ran 
LFTs , ehh : 

A Pelernative againft theimfe@ion ofthe Plague, 661;2, 333.1, 
1O78sa0 : 

Agiintt all venom and poyfon, x 511,c, 16222, 

To Dyelerne grapes whole care,8975d. 

Todraw out 4Saickicg, fec hogneg and Splinterg, 

To helpe the Ptthcke, 132.2. “ ‘a 

Good agent the Deicke, 694;2, 94020, 104058. 1248,b.03 56,b, 
1408,¢, j 

A Duitis for fwellings, $57.0. 621,¢, f 

Tocure Puncures made with fharpe wea pons,8035g, 

hebree Poilen, and caufe them to lay great ftorcotegges, Seq 

UNS: . F 

To cure the Pimples of the face, fee Pimpieg, 

To Purgecholer, 548,b. 5645b+ $88.a.922, a, 1264,%,. 1268; bs 
1297184 196998,7431,8 T501,d, . 
To Purge Cholcr and witcrith humours mightil nb 7 
* oes 783. eee 1403,2, pgs 9B. 344, a¢ 
o Purge watcrifh humors, $36,a.$39,0, 892 i) . « 
1268,a3b.1447,9. 190939504 87232.874520° 9130: 

To Purge by fiegeand yrine, 60,1, 350,b, 578,b, 870,3, 383,15 
1089.8, 1097,a. 4 

To Pargecholer and tough phlegme by fiege, 60,b; 4%¢;b.497,a0 
apt a Ts 54232 $4452. $8030. $45,2,885,b, Sosa. 9161. 
92550) 977 M0105 552. T057,¢. 113 4,0, 2928 : 
$40 + sat 42asBit4opcas SON 73324 133.9 ,Aak 402,25 

To Purgethe belly; 382, 2.33542, 508.2. 60 A. $985¢,582,b, 
845)h. 883,i.969,8, 105 sya. 1268,a,1297,a, Isdhn. Saye . 
13644013 665d. yah I5015C, 1$08,h, < 

To Purge by rings ce Urine, 

To Pargegrofle humors,414,2.9965c, 913,a, 22,941367.9; 

To Purge tough phlegmaticke and Pte oan fivonse 34,30 
164, 31006, 33.a)&. Atss20 $8252, 666,2, 870,b, 11 $0,h.as0r,d 
159793. : 7 

To Purge ouch’ kumorsand choler by yomit,so6, 

b. 837,a.fec Ghomit. shbdemiieaiy hey sy) 

To Parge the head of raw phlegmaticke humors, $952. 

To Purge by vomitand ftoole, 26454 35958. $06,a. 870.b.913,4 
1078,f,1319,b Iqoieb. 1469,0.1 55X20 

To Parge Melancholy, $7 ssbe578,c 366,2.977,9,1234,2.1299, 
a. 1501,d5 

Pntgations in the dropfic,gz b. 34.4520 $07,3,5355a,1402 
ae 1404,d.1405,D. 1423.6. < ees iain titers 

For PurGnefle, 653,c. 

For the Purples, 661.9. 1299.2. 

To dye Purgis,fec Cotonr, 

To ake away Pulheg,t107,¢.1225,p, 

To refift Dotetfatton, s0%,b, 877,1 992.6 ion7,e.1 
Neteg ae 2» 87731 99246 1o97,¢.15 94,b, 25086 

Againt Putrtfacton of the Lawes, 25,6, 


400 a,833,¢, 100751, 


ax 


Remedy for thefe that Pifle th bed, 19 8- 
Lohelp Pifiingby drops,64,a. {ce Deogepitle, j 


i} 
i 
| 


Good againft ifling bloud, 44,4. 276,¢.421,b. 65,8: 713.4) 
715 38. 825;f, 892,d.993,¢, L065,b.1195,c. 1432,a,1564,b. fec 
SBiad. 

Tocaufe one to Pile frecly, 714,c. 1045,2, See prouoke 
Urine. 

Good'againft the@lague, 81 4,b. £33,i 969,c. 993,b 10015 a, 
1158,a; 

Todraw yehome'of the glagne from thehcatt and other ital! 
Parts, 958,2.963,c. ‘ 

Good for the @lenrifie, 395,F. 653,¢.708,¢.766,8. 7792 83,1 

1007,d, 1066,¢, 1188,¢.1303,k. 1445 ,C01623y¢ 

Againft the fmall Bocks, 629.2. 661, 8. 80150. 1218,ce 

Againft the French Poeks, 578,b-561,k. 85 5,¢, 10389, 8 1467,b. 
1re.k. 1s01,b. 

To healethe French Pockg, 444,2.1612,b. 1639,a, 

Preferuatiues againft Poplon, 688,c,1104,d, 

Good againit Poyfan, 49,b. 64, 254, ¢. 359,k. 2735 407,28 
4093041 4:b. 43 1,b. 43 4.d. 444.a.$18,b-527,b, 6615. 66y,2. 
667;h. 654,¢.712,4. 715 ,d.926,c, 741,2.833, i845, b.861,b. 
89852..991,0, 10012. 1004,4, 105 4,b, 10029,d, 11170,8.4172,d, 


Q 


Gainft Quartan Agnes.’ 221,2 242,b. 896,2, 99156-2089 56} 
1172,¢. 1188 f, 
To cure Quartans, 542,f. $75.2, 7185. 8 383f977,1002,k, 
10075h, 1043,b. 
Againft the venom of Mr(ebAiger,708,f 
To cure Qaatidtan Agucs. s82,d.2 52,4. 


R 


Ood forthe Raines, 8445. (ce Ridneped. 
For the running of the Matneg,515¢.821,1 1163 he {ec Gm 
norrbed, Z 
For obftruétions of the ®aines,573,a. 
To purge or cleafe the Raines, 254d. 
To void grauclt and {tones of the Ratnes, fee Biontes & Store, 
To corrett and takeaway Banbneg of he body, fee Sueil. 
To Barifle skin,65 6, 
@ 


The Table of Vertues, 


Tokill Rats, 441, 
To concoé and wafte away as humors, 7 56,g- 1002,b.1033 d 
1OS1,b, 1107,b. 1612,¢.See Tumors. 
To diget and bring vp Has humors lying in the cheft, -11 455% 
1145,k- 
agin Ha tonetle of the flomacke,fee Stamacke. 
For tedtiefle of the face, 350,% 71550 912,f. 999,F 1008,¢. 
* So ftay the Weds, 12643ksp- £Z4Ly0- 1413/1 494,061 571% fee 
Flowers & Cortes. . : 
@To procure Refi,fec Siep. 
AReftozatine vo the bedy, 7356,b.1437,b- 
Againft Rheumes, 25 45°- 35991037036 42158 792% 813,b:893, 
ga. 1O8T,¢, 108650, 1211p. 12945€6 1349,9+ 1373 st 14332 C+ 
149956 y 
Topurge ihheumatiche humors out ofthe head, 75954» $542 
To dry vp Rlycume, 101 3; TO8T,°. t294,e- 
For the tts of the fimdamenr,60,d. fee Faundament. 
For Wt€tg in the hands and fect, 74,b.1011 ifs 
Againft Ping wogmes,172,g- 3950: 8765c. 
Again Rottenneties42t a+ 8495% ; % 
‘Totakeaway Boughuewle of the congue in hot burning Feauers, 
634,0.91458+ 14535" 
For ibosiggynete of mnt throatand breaft, 38,4, 81657. 852,a.1302 
Je 13965841 $00,0 + 1F902,1415T Bjeel ts 
To help inward uggeoneile of the eyelids, 309,f. 
For Wuggednetic of theskin, 23 3,he27352.. 71258 1431;h 
T511,h. 
For donning of the eyes, fee Epes. 
For Bunning of the cares fee Gares. 
For iRtgpteres’, 955+ 36336 403;% 5475% $70,a% S72sbs 63.45c+ 
Baki GQ Udy?» 7HS3+ 79296 807 3° 629504939 06 94958 99trde 
LOTI,¢, 105554, E124,b. TIGS pl. 1195,b+13.699%0 148256. 


S 


Odrineaway Spadnefie, 655,b. 692,a, 79856 9995% 880, f 
| For Sait humors, 8773h- 13035! 1330,461453,ke 

Y An excellent Saineto cure wounds and old filthy yicers of 
thelegs, 360,b« 

S paleo cure Apo ttenys,tumors,ereene wounds, old ylcers, bur- 
nings,hurts,or cuts of the head, 35652. ; 

An excellent Salne to incarnate or bring vp flefh in deepe hollow 
wounds and vicers,See Uinguent. 

To diffolucand drine forth cluttered Sand, fee Gzauel. 

Toctire allmaner Sauce phlegme, QL2,F 1172500) 

Good for Garice, 62,3. 180,b+ 239 5% 242,a0 245%398,Pe1316 a. 
132452. 

Tosktctoreadbig SHlABS, 7934+ $0654 L218. 

To heale @cabg, 3593 3605Y- 3889C- 3913): $355°578,b.6675d. 
71250672556 7945! 8798 87656. 885.0. 9785°+1089 116132 

1298,t-1393yh- 14085). 14345-14444. 1470,¢-16195b, 

Far Eat fads in children, 1785 68150: 121856 

@cabs of horfes and Kine, 14444 

For @cabg of the bladder, 1303 

For fcabs of fheep, 1218251 4443¢ 

Againht {calbing of the yrine,£355,c(ee Beate. 

For fcalbg with oileor waters 3195¢ 34958+360,2.363,k, 776d. 
B055d.858,b. 12325¢+1285 50+ 1396,b.1424b. 14535k1489,¢6 
fee Wurning. 

To take away fcales: 11465 14415¢ 

To draw forth fealeg of boncs, 849,¢.872,¢% 

Totake away {cartes 3635k- 8700+ 871,¢, 958,b.1197,M!e 
1agi,b. , 

gaint the SHetattca, 60,h. 237% 2425¢. 24S gh. 250,6.253,0.254 
b, 264,b. 259,% 281d. 360% 441A» 497 sb $275.25 de 5423¢6 
$4js2-5 4552 548,b- 57A4s4- 6889h6705,€.7935F 11,1, 838.6 
856,c. 87 256 G3Sjfo LOOT be TOSS Ce L159 C+ 1180595 130786 
1ZIT,d. 1319,C 1488,b. 161956 1520326 . 

Tomollificichirroug tumors, 458, 1619,¢. fee Bymozs, 

Againft Scolopexders.fce WBearwornes. 

For the Hcogbute, {ec feuray- 

Againft theSzafcogptort,6815¢ 

For ftinging of fcozpions, 708.8 tee fingings. 

To fay feourings.7 ijdetee Fle X Aalss. 

Forfcratches,632,¢ 

For the Serophule, (ce ings eatll. 

To take away fcurfeof the head, 37,%.66,¢. 1007 Mm. 1146,¢1180 
be £197, 1226506 

"To helve fcurninelte or manginefle, 67,f fee Manginetle. 

To heale the dry feurke, 89052, 1086," tt $6 3b» 1373)Q+ 1393 he 
144 1.Col472;ke 1489540, 


Tocurethe Scurup, 
1497520 Ps 

To driue forth the feconbdine, 191, f. 24254, 352,f. $74,2, 662 a0 
694,b. G97 744s24909,4» TOO, LOTD,b. Logo,g, 1048; be 
1104,b. 1257,a-1408,g. lec Bfterbirth. 

To increafe fed, 232 b. 814 ¢. 1033,% 1112,6.1356,c. 1472,b0 

To ftay flowing of chefedin Dreams,or otherwile, 308,h. 820,26 

1154,b. fee Gonorrhea, 

Todeftroy naturall feed, 308,h, 310,¢, 892,b. 

To dry yp the feed, 709,b. 1257,¢. 

Toreuine the fences, 152,2-766,b, 882,n. 1294,¢. 

Tocure the Serpigo, 74,b. \ 

Againft the bitirgs of ferpents, 49,2. 51 ¢655,b. £95,9,237,4. 39% 
Ce 400 2+ 645 ae 6O1,b. 6886.694,067 08,8. 715 50.7255d07 66504 
796,b. 803 a 810,%8495%. 880,b, 898,2. 1024,d.1026,d 1037 
a, 1121,h, 1139, 11§0,c. 1188 d, 1246,b. 1257,0. 1336, be 
1362,b.1373,f-1388,. 1406 b, 1489,0.1509,d.1616... 

To driuc away ferpents 480,°.535,b, 667,8.638,¢,796,c+ 803,2 

1107.8. 12571001388," a 

Againftthe biting of che ferpent ceraftes. 1232,61353,1. 

To Helps Wasi ofthe ioyntsinclining oa palfic, , 766,bs 

I105,f, 

For the {yakitigd ofan Ague, 438,c, 688,1, 249,b. 10014c1007 4 
146550 152952+ 154240. 162052». 

For fharpneffe of the ugine, {ce Beate. 

To allay fharpe humors, 807,f. 

Tokilland rot fheepe 429°. 789% 1597» 

Good againft the fyingless33I,b. 339 a» $11 a, 992, +1225, ps 
1257 9k+ 1331661393,¢ 

For broken thing 544° : 

For fhiueringgot Agues, {ec fhakinga. 

Againtt fhogtneffeof breath, $1d.72 b.245 b. 395 a,c 546525749 
a, 870 b,1osga.1o55 k, 1058 h, 1085,as1146,b, 1246,a+ 1257 
d fee Wyeath. 

For the fhot of envenomed dartsand arrower. S:e Brroswes and 

Wounds. ; 

Forthe biting ofthe She Moufe,fce Monke. « 

Tohelpe fainting of the finewes, 66¢.363 c, 651 ¢.665 f. 1007 © 
1058 g, 11804. 

For the falling ficknes. fee falling. 

To bringdowne the defired ficknes in women, fee Flowers and 

ETermes. 
To cure the greenc fickelle, 548 c. 8804. 883 i, See Greene and 
Maiveng. I 

For painein the fe, 71 ¢-95 b. 372.4, $74d. 1078 a,1445i.1473 B 
1485 a.1620,b, 

To preferuc the fight, 663 44103 2,4 

Totakeaway things which hinder the fight, 

11954, : 

Good againft darkneffe of the fight, 62 4.310 4.317 a. 619 & 6635 
be 674.4. 973 d.1436 b.1541 bh 

To quicken the fight, 300 b, 360 f, 662 b.7702, 845 4,.882,n1008 
¢. 1023 d,1043 d104§ .t070a.1206 d.12$7 g. 1298 f, 1333 a0 
1353. £ 107 11153261933 a. 1536 ¢ 1538, 

Gcod for wounds, pricks, and hurts of the Gueiweg. 363 k.t213 ia 
1g29¢. 

For the loofneffe of rhe §nesmes, 916 0. 

To ftrengthen the fnrewes, 317k. 548 ds 766 b. 1058 g,1232 co 
1396 €.1401d, 1501 f. 1529 & : 


2435b, 250, b, 15 8,3; 402, a,b, 621,3 


$48 d,1070,a¢ 


To ftay the weeping of cut or hurt finetees, 634be 
wos de 

Toclenfeand amendthe fBitoftheface, $45 wazroct4ds be 
1460 ¢, fee Face 


To makethe Shir faire and fmooth, 712.4, 912 co 1334be 1401, da 
1445 1465 q+ } 

To procure fleepe, 72 2.2844, 308 ash, 310,d- 341.4, 352.355 ca 
399 9.370C, 971m. 792 b, B2x g-852b. 880 f.936 c 1033 d 
1263, 15786 

To thake off heauy and drowfic flepe, 
180, 

To waken onc ourofadead fleepe, 882 0, 1009, 10551, 180%, 

To caufe dead fleepe, 355 d. 

To reftore finelling, 1986 d. 

For ranke fell ofthe arme holes, i254.d.1156 b.1177 by 

To drine away {nakes, and againf the bite of the Rattle Snake; 
849 h. fee ferpents, 

Tocaufefnefing, 245 f.441d.665 a, 674 f,1405 b 

Toclenfe old filthy foges, 368629 a: 896 d>1049 by 
rsh 

For foges in the throat, fee @hpeat. 

Toclenfe and heale olditinking and corrupt fo20#, 327 f 329 bs 


509 d, 6202,1055 F 
por" Bbbbbbb 3 Te 


1§22, 1002,-mg 


— ae 


f 
} 
i! 


i 


Se 


‘The Table of Vertues. 


—__— 


Toconfumeor watte away plague Dopeg. 725,¢.726 1172, fi 

Todriucaway Boprow 692,8.738,.797,2.79961 298, ‘ 

‘Po take'away & ogroivinineffe proceeding of niclancholly.67 4,1 
798, C61 343 ,¢, 

Totakeaway Sounding inthe eares, See Cares. 

To reftore loft fpeech vnto thofethat are taken with the dumbe 
paullicand Apoplexy.g.itya.1180,d.12945¢. 1448,i 

Toinereafe Syperme.Sec Seed, 

Good againt Spotting of bloud.27 6,¢.37252.3915.395,a,¢ 419 
b.4215b,322,¢,565,0.604,2.71 58:7 063C- 884)8 949,b. 1087.24 
106§,b.1148,b,£194,b.1303)K+1341,D.1392,a. 1413,6.1432,a. 

ie af och Sec eae 
‘0 procure feting.378,b. b 

Again the ain oFche Spider called Phalangium.26,c. 49 a. 
116,a.310,d. $43.4, 1015,¢. 1040,8+1123,2°} 1257500 1379,f. 
1434,b. , 

To make the vitall Sptrite fiefh and liuely.692, £705 4d.9938,c. 
1263.0. 15 4r,a. 

Tocooleand refrefh thefainting Spivitg.1523:b. 

Hplene.Sce Infirmitics, Dbftruciens, and Stoppings. 

To helpe the £5pleencifit be wafted 374,f. 

Remedies for hofe that haue cuill Spleenes.s $5 b.317,b.95§, a. 
858,b.806,4 1130,a 1494,b. 

Againft the paine ofthe Spleene 6 4,4.395,2.§72,¢.876,¢. 

To helpe the Solecns ouercharged with grofle bloud, 10973d, 

Againft hardnefle of the Sppleen.45152.849,6.892,a.896,¢-1139, 
b.1197,9.1257,¢.1 35156137 9,2.1509,4,1529 c 

‘Lo open the ftoppings of the Hplegne.350,¢.527,a. 548,3.1100,¢ 
1139,b,1311,cr 379:8-1472,f1508,8.1549,a,1612,d.Sec Mit 
Dbfructon,and Stopping. 

To draw forth Splinterg fixed in any parrof the body.3 744,106 
9.557,1.7705b.796,¢.849,6.870,¢.1035,f See homes. 

Totake away or clenfe Spots in the face, 1325h.23953.366,c. 
10455¢.1532,d. 

To takeawayblackeand blew Spots of the face or any other 
part.248,d.360,f 402,d.509,f.688,¢.994,¢.118,c61226. g. See 
Wiacknelleand Marker, 4 

Totakefiway Sporgof theciescalled in Latin Albugines.1195,a 

Tohelpe Dquates, 1002,¢,1488,h.fee Falig, Wanifes. 

To cafe the Squinancp or Dquincy.175\¢.490,c. $575k. 852, f, 

*'T013,1.1098,i, 

To helperhe Squinancy.395,f688,8.1035,c1 121, .13195Ce 
1353 k.1362,0, 

A pure white Starch, 835,¢. 

To cure the Stench ofthe mourh.go2, a. 

To take away the Stench of the armcholes.fee, Smell. 

Good for Sptiffenetfe of the ioints.1394,1 ; 

Againft Stinging ofbees and waspes 682,n.686,a 932)861253,1 
1257,0,1408,k. 

Againft Stinging of Nettles, 360.y, 

Good again StingtngofScorpiors.49,2,301,d°310, d 336,b, 
337.8 468,2.679,2.725,d.852,6 932,2.068,a,1083,2. 1107,b, 
1172 81257,0.1311,b.1465, Ye 

Good againftthe Srinktug of the breath,76,b fee Wyeath. 

Good againtt tichee.74,2°736 2.996,b.1145) 41 257,d- 

Totake away the Stich in the fide with the paines thereof pre. 
fently.766,9.1351,¢. 

Tocurethedifeafe Stomacace. 402.4 fee Segre. 

To dryand clen{=the Sptomacke.$08,2.682,i 1172,¢-1358,a. 
1619,¢.1623,b. 

To comforta weakeand fecble Sromacke 51, h.62,9,228, a: 
284)¢.291 52.434 b 661, 681.2 Sgr .a.880,¢.881 .882,0.992, 
¢.1002,¢.1e42.b 1048,¢ 1089,¢.1156,a.1177 8 1202,4,1246,a 
1264,k.1303,1367,m.1441,d.1457, 2.1452,6.1460,b.1$0r,b 
1518,b,1521,¢.1533.c. 

Againtt crudity or rawneffe of the Stomathe 64,366 b.434s¢0 
682,1,896.3,1525,61549,a» 

Good for an hot Stomacke 284,€.304,0.306,b.'339, a1398,b. 
$22,?.852,¢.87650.9114,.921,d.958,b.1302,d,1326.d.1419,b. 
1420,3.1460,b.1506, c. 

To care or cafe painesand griefe ofthe Stomacke 360,n-388,b. 
672,4.793.6.277,b+1032,co1081,ce1 105,¢.1274,f1281,a61 408 
k. 1430, 2.1433,b.1529, a, 

To drive aes diffotire all ventofities or windineffe ofthe 
Deoinacke, 33,4,356,b,1008,2.1329.¢.1549,7 , 

To werme or heatea cold Stomacke.33,4.51,b.178,¢.235 i242 
35245 2.359-2.356,b,682,b 692,9.7 36,b.7$6,C. 773s Gs81Ts E> 


820,1882,0,10025c.1008,a,1019,a.1023,de102552.1034,010g0h 


1081,b,1097,a,1257 6.1465,8, 1535 a.1$42,b 1549,a.1612,d 

Topurgethe Stomacke offlegme and euil! humours, §08,a,b 
‘To confume or helpe windineffeand fowcr belchings ofthe Sto¢ 

macle.667,'659,2.714,c,756,c,1034,b41.2575¢ 1509;ds 


To heale the paine and ache of the Stowiacke, proceeding of clio, 
ler 279,4.308,a.391;¢,1097, a- 

Toclofe vp the routh of the Stemacke,1012,a, 

Againftthe Stonein the bladder. $41,4.572,9,782,2,876,c.938 

by1048,#.1141,a,131 4,b.1336,d. 

Againtt the Stone.331,d.569,¢ 708,11 274, hs 

Good againft the Stone.254,d.258,b. 387,8°5205b.507.2.6¢9,b 
610,a. 622,€,62654.653,¢.825,c.841,b,842,2,859,8.507,2°9 8 
£.936,b,584,¢,993,d.1014,b,1016,b.10235¢.10295 b,1032\¢ 
1042,b,1045,a.1061,3,1145,b. 1 167;4,1206,¢.1246,c.1271,'c, 
1315,n.1322,2,1355,b.1328.2.1136,0:1364, 41397,@ 1408,0 
1431,¢.1 455,€.146 551.1 507,1°1564 d1619,c, 

Toatlwage the paine of the Dtone.035,bsf.1446,1,1.1378,0, 

Good for the Stoneof the kidnies 180 d.219, d. 281,d, 430a« 
570,9°605,a,672 2.682.m.70' 4.714 €.782,a,876 coat ¢-998,d 
1048,2.1222,b,.1247 b.ra74 h,igt4 1356 c.14.45 fgg e 

To remouc hot fwellings of the Stoneg.355b: 

Toceafeand cure the burning heate and inflammations of the 
\Dtoneg.279.b 

Topioucketo Stoole Sce Welty and Parge 

Good againft Stoppings ot rhe Splecnstz4 droi6 k 11gSb 1294 
f.1314 b 13 88 b 1434 fr4agiangg7b. — 

Againft the ftoppings ofthe Liver and Gall.1§4 ¢ 174 'd1e70b 
1158b r294t 1314b 1s8gb 1434 f 1445 ie ; 

To open ftopptngs of the inward parts, rotga 1226 ¢ 1236 
12989 1366d 1408 o. 

Geod for ftratmes.37 b 1620 b: 

Good againft the ftrangurte: 24 oh 64h 2g2f 243 2 4132 
4894 $929 622d621a 671a 679b 682mg i 842a909a 
rotg b 1029 a 10374 1048a 10514 10934 t107h wrara 1167 
12261 1245 a 1246¢1271¢ 1303 m 1364b 1369 © 1376¢% 
14411488 b 

To helpethe firangling and paincs of the mother.(ce MDatriy 
and mother: 

To one frength againe 736 b 8771 880 © 8821 1040; 
1356b° 

To Feate Gripes ofthe eyes. fee Cteg: 

Againit Struma’s or fwellings in thethroati 106 279b 86 € 
1oor e: See Hings enti. 

To often the Struma’s or fwellings of the throat 6o¢ 

To draw fiubg out of any part ofthe body; 132 fec Thome 
and fplinters. 

Aremedy againft ftuffing of the head through coldneffe of the 
braines.1293 b; 

A remedy againtt ftyffing of che Lungs.tee Linge 

To cure the fuffocation or the Matrix or Mothers See WDa- 

"7 


tr 
-Toheale fnffafions:r211 0 


To takeaway fun-barningas2d 2°94 317 14669557 d agg" 
870¢ 872 a gizh coq cte26g. 

Toconfume fuperflugns humo:<,688 a rogr Figerc 

Good againft afur€ ¢:154 d Sy2f 

To preferuc one from farfettitig.. 1001 g 1097 b 

To ue the difficultic of Soatiowing cauled of coldrheumes 
s80a; 

‘To prouvke fipeat:80b 25re 46329720 662b69g4 725¢756 
8 759F 799 b 861.2 880¢993 br002 c roo2 hh torre 108§ gs 
CSch Chir. 124§a 1293¢ 1404b 144. m 1465 x 16I2 a 
1619 

Toftay Sweating 1264k 

Good againft or to difloluc hot finellingg thar are newly beoun; 
66 cagiaior8a. 

To cure and diflolueall hard fwellings-71 b 250c49qb §57.h3 
748.2 756g 8k 837 845h 896 c. 10078 10244 1086 e 
1206 a 12110 1226h 124§ a 1361 b 1362f 1402 d See @ys 
mozs, 

To cut and confume cold and old finellings.447 7I9f. 748 
b 748a 756 b 894b900b 949a1009 a toi c 11j0a1428,2 
1444 a: | 

To confumeand takeaway hor {ipellings: 72 f 3928 4a7d.g57 
d 615 2 626a 924b 938a 1972 £1393 € 1423 ¢1484 b, 

Totake away the hor fiellings of theuvula and Almonds in the 
throat.7rc 24§diag9c¢ Sce Blmonds and Wogla: 

To open Swelliugs. 67 g. 

To waft: away hor Spellings of the kernels in the flanke, 883) 
See Kernels 

To epi ay thefWwelling in thefpleenc.242¢ 639¢ 1055 a 
1938 

To silage thefSpelling of the yard.19¢6¢1226,m, 

To fupple or waft: away hard fioeings of the fundament.876¢ 
feo Fundament. 

Toripen hard fwellingg behind the cars.13 §1b 151i d, . 

° 


The Table of Vertues. 


‘To mollifie or wattcaway the hard Siwellinges of the mothers 
932;6:1236,0. 

To cure fiwelling of the throat.337,b.1225,n- 

Good for horfieellings of the iawes & §08 bic. 

To allwagefwellings of theftones.196 ¢.254, ¢.1066,b, ra11,k, 


1388,c- 

Arcmedy for foft fwelltngs.13.45,°. ‘ 

To take away any {Wwellings inthe legge or arme. oO: 5 52.6215b, 

To helpethe fimetitg ofthe ioints 74 2.588 b.1066 b. 

Againft the hard Sioellings of the breafts and pappes 28 6.66, 
354,°.U2I0, kK ; 

Good zeain't Fiottninitg inthe head called Vertige.672,f.759, b. 
883,d.916 2.0172 3.136751. See Dt33(nelle and Weav. 

Again fwonntng.$6731.798>h 134336. 

* Good forfuch as are fallen into afoune, oraccuftomed to 

Pwoune.360,x-7 ,8,.8815b. ’ 

Agood ptup to foften thebelly, and to purge Chollers 
852,25 

Afparup fering for many ea cellont purpofes, 8075 

‘enie of eingufion ofRofes with theforce thercofe264.t, 

Spimp of the iuice of Rofes,126 4,x- 


T 


Flightfull eo the rafle,1a635b.14555615335¢4 : 

D To remedy the paine of che Beeth.3553'525.8.135 tslelg23, 

C167 O5¢ £475 Harg8o,heT5T 11 545,0- See Ceoothache, 

To ftop hollow teeth.506,c. : 

Good for teeth thar are fer on edge or aftonied.522,a, 2. ; 

To taften loole tegtl).400,€.52258:7 19:8-7 93 sC-84.938,99 85143 30S 

145141491 aL S20, C1524, 2. 

Fo nnccogerber cutsabour the @endong.fec Cuts 

To prouoke or bring downe the Mermes.9 5,2.17730.185,2-2455¢, 
251 .289,6.310,4,378,6.351,h.458.¢.508,b.s27, 2053 4590545,8 
$7 2,2:653394061,2.067, b.672,0.68 35b.688,¢,694,b 69758:705, 
© 7565677 40679208 814,4.9073b.9 0952-98 4y ay 1001,C, 1016,a, 
1017,2.1019 ,b.2023,C,1024 ,b C,L0293031037 IL 0405814015 
b,17083a-1086,a,1087,a91104,,1 107,4,1 F21,de1158,C.1257,28 
See fiourcs and WDenfes.. 

To ftay theouermuch flowing of womens terties 4195 b.42t,c. 
480,845223¢-678,b.664,¢.807 ,h.857 ish. 1046,¢,107254,1 52452 
1564,b.1586,a, Sce SHonres and Menfes, 

To take away the tertlan Ague.17151,5425f582,4.7 12,b.718,¢+ 
6OT,c-1 SBF 152530 ait} 

Good againft long and reste in pte G 

Good for tertiang that proceed of choler.3. 9546969581 565,46 

Totakeor {coure away tetters. 178,9-3$0.C.395,b.80F 2.883,0¢ 
896 ,.90056-97 85-1 15 65D. 168,261 3603b.13.93 0-144 4,4 1446 
1.1465)q.4§11.1.16085% 

To cure dangerous tetters,79,d. : 

Good againft, or to helpethe fowle {preading tetters. 6:9, 


* E4135" 

Toquench thirth73,¢ 308,2.398,d,588,2.8 52,9,88 @,c.998,b 1035 
1263 841303. 14193b,14202.1 509,b65 SOT fe 1506,¢. 1508, f 
1594,b.1608,d. 

Toguenchthted in hot burning feuers: 5£2,d-914.4.1202 b.14315 
£,1608,d, 1 

To draw forth @hownes fixedin any part of the body. 557 m 
619,9.783 51087 2,661 058m 144.6, d, See Spitnters- 

Tobreake or ripen impofthumes ortumors in thethgoat.See B- 
pofhumes. Dies 

Good for difeafes happening in the thpoat.4295c.450,4-107 Sab. 
1123,b. 

Good for inflammationsofthe theoat,281,¢.892,f.1395,a1491,4 


15846 
To ey away the alperity orroughneffe ofthe thgoat.178,¢.77938 
79 8sb.13 30226 Ns i t 
Tohelpethe @ha0%Wes orgriping paines ofthe belly in women 
after their childing.1 33.9842. ; 
To helpethofethacare ftrangled with eating Coad= oles. see 
ufbrane. 
Rh a away the Cornes of the Meee. {ce Coznes. 
To take away the roughnes ofthetongue inhor burning Agues-{ce 
Boughneile- tied 
To corethe difeate ofthe Congue called de Brann, whichis a 
ruggedacile, blackenelle, and drinefle with a fwelling. 
634,d. ! 
To caate fteeled totes to cutiron or ftonc without turning the 
cdgc,6395¢ 


To appeale the @ oothsache.245,¢.3$9,¢492,4.495,¢.607,2.619,5 
665,2.692,)+719.2-7 41 50.759 ,d.81 1 h8 59,¢,883 20896,d.016,i6 
963 98:9 9.1360 02, 1,1007;¢, 1016,b, 1020;a. 1070,¢, 1077, bs 
1150,4,1158,b'12 5 4,4-1323,b.13.53,h, 23 6054.1379,b, 1 508,h, 
See @esth: - 

Againft the inflammations ofthe Confils.See Pinonds. 

Good againft the griping tozmentgof thebelly. fee Wellpand 
Oupings. 

ee againft the togmentg of the guts. See ute and Cole 
(che. 

To caufe women to haue {peedic trauell in childeabearing. Sce 
Wirth, Deltuerance,and Women - 

To cafe or helpe women that hauc hard ¢rayelf in childe-bearing 
and are in great extremity.363,d, 

To helpea @raneller from Merrigalls.1388,¢. 

A good ointment fora wearied traveller. 1128,a. 

Gcodagainft trembling and fhaking of the heart.fec Beart, 

Good againft trembling of finewes.759,b. 

Good againtt tumogg.3 56,2.360,y. fecfineilingg. 

To takeaway the {welling and painof hot tummogg, $29,2,678,b. 
13945).1424,b. . 3 

To diflolue or diftuffe hard trimogg. 74,2. 168, 2, 1058,i,1206,a 
1426,b.1511,g.1525,a+ 1% 

To con{ume,difsoluc,and driue away cold tumozg.665,¢, 682, ke 
935.8105 B51,1107 5k 

Good againftthe turning ofthe head called Vertigo. fee Btz315 
neffeand fipimming. 

To helpethe @pmpany.39 1.2::473,b « 


Vv 


T O purge the Gatnes offeperfluous humorsis78,a See SHu2 
perfiuons. 


Togluctogether rifts, gafhes, and cursabout the Watwese 
fee Cuts 

To oper the Waines of the Hemorrhoides, 
hotoes. 

To reprefle Waponrs that hiuder fleepe. 1$78,d, 

To ftir vp to Wenery.3 250. 33.c.fce Ung. 

Good again Wenerp. fee Lot 

To helpe thofe that are b tien with Wegomong beatts,34.a,95,¢ 

477 ayb.438.20471 954.94. °527,b.655,¢ 671.9.°74,b.69 +h,7875 
0.803 6.82 534.84 5,.876,¢,996521001,2.1002,¢61004,2.1 | 0751 
1253 fag bce Witings. 

Good aga wit Wenome.34,a.738,9.793,d,803,¢,82 5,d.932,b.969, 
1993, b,:037,bs1058,k.1100,b.1107,b.t107 11 58,01 662,b12475 
4.1253,2-°3.41,6.1408,d,1445,y. {ce popfon. 

To driuc away venomous beats. 48 5,d. 65 5,c- 

Todriucaway Wentofities or windinefle.672,8°726,d.882,0.996 
b,1002,d.1014 b1029,¢.1048,d.10§ §,2.1066,2.1086,8.1294,f, 
1533,de1538,b.1612,¢.1625,b. fec Wlinde. 

Good for thofe that are bitten of Utperg. 619,d. 738,a.810,d5 
849;h,1057,b.1123,a1 eRe ah yr seit 5 

Tobe preferued from being bit of the Wipsr.833,d. 

To cure Wleerg.t95,b, 373 ,d.409,2.421,4,491, &. $11,a0$27,e0 
630,8 793,¢,813,2.83 652.8 55,b.880,2,1024,3,1065 b,1264,m, 
13035P135 WoC. 13 60,a°T 366 ,bo1365,D.14T p541437, d. 518.) 

To mundific Gcerg.24 3,b.509,d,694,°.702,b.715, 849:¢.1225 
n.1226,¢.1446, m, 


Sce Wemos- 


Tocare Wicers ofgreat difficulty orhardto be cured.360,y.5275 _ 


b,713,,4.833,a.1004,b,1192,h,1551,b. 

Tocurc foulerotcenand ftinking Weers. 95,c 281,2. 359, Ce 
402 3,541 32719,f 81450. 949 a1 O11 ,Co1281,b.1393, Ce 

Tokcepe Wicers from inflammation.6: 5,2,.700,4, 

To dricvp moifi virulent Witerg, ftay the humour, and heale 
them, 31, f1210,k.1362,d.1378,b.1489,d.1619,b. 

To aflwage and confume corrofitic vicers in any part of thebady2 
1225,p.1326,h.1287,be 


Good torclen(e maligne and corrofiue bleers. 3595¢378,4. 626 a Pe 


66% 26718,b.82 3 ,b.131§,0-1902,c41 433K, 

Good for, or to cure hollow old and new ticeerg.67,1. 168,28. 191.g-' 
34.9sb.3 56,24548,c.793,¢.80F,a,858,a, 935,8, 107 45a- 1130, be 
1240,a:12 §2,C.1 513,D. 

To appeafe the rage of cankcrous bicers- 993.8. 

To fill vp hollow bicers with fleth,8.49,c,1072,a1224,4 2123503 
1373K-E 424)).143 3,11439,b. 

Tocurevenomous di¢ers. 1218,6.1315, Rok 

= of 


‘The Table of Vertues. 


Forrunning @icers in the heads of young Children, S:e B= 
chores. 
To heale Witerg of the feeret partsiand fundament, 31,f 1033,¢. 


939% ‘ 

To ftop bleeding Wiccrs.430d. 

For Wcergof the kidnies, $0752. 1116,d- 

Good for Gilcerg ix thelow gut, 1197,be 

To heal and fill vp the Wcorg growing inthe eyes, 7763 be 
1436,¢- 

For rorten Gcerg of the ng 458,b. 509,f.719,9, 825 3.1285, 
b, 1303,i. 1396,a. 1g08 

Toute aticers growing on the glandulous part of the Yard, 

6316 

Foon Wicerg of the mouth, andalmonds of rhe throat, 
fee Mouth & Pinonds. 

For Giicerationg inthe priuities of man or woman, $65,c, 632,¢. 
1285,b. 157756 . 

For Wicerattong ofthe matrix, 3 63,1. 

Again Giiceration of thelangs, 306,f.631,c. 691,a.8073f.3c9 a 
8, 

To eure GWicerations of the kidnies and bladder, 40gsbi42id. 
O49 ae 

For the paine ofan Gincome, 447,c. 

Good forthe Uinderftanding, 1435.2. 1501.f, 

An Ginguent for wounds, $37,b. 805.b. 100s,a, 

Anexeclicar Wunguert to bring vp flefhin deepe wounds, §37b, 
649° 

Tocleare the Uofce, 38,2. 

Againft harfhnefle of the Watee, fe. Woarfene tte. 

To ftay UWotdtng of bloud, $07, f. See UWioud, 

To prosoke or caufe Wiomit, 9 :.g. 132,h. 174,¢. 239,b,0% 2425b. 
279304330 0.44 1,2 495,9. 497, A8b 715,f. 7835b, 837 a, 
8706. 969b. 13149 f 13 5, u. 1319,b, I405,a, 1408,k, 
1428,yc, 

To reprefie oucrmuch Uomtttiig of Choler, 14515 d. See Ffelioz 
nis. 

Toftay Womnlting, 34,2. 400,c. 421 5b. 669,2, 672.4, 681,284 15s 
383,1. 993,9,1012,a41032,¢-1419sb. 1420.7. 1433,b. 1452,b. 
TATTAs 147 25% T5056 ESTE be 15 215Ce 152/50, 1558500 156430 
157150.1594b. f 

For Womiting of bloud, 572,a,631,b. 681,'b 765,d 884,as109754 
1452,C+ 1625 ,b, > 

To ftay Womtt in women with childe,sg4,2, 

To ftay the defire of Womitat the fa, 669,26 108r5¢6 

For ipbsatdings ofthe flomacke, 876,a,d, 

To provoke Girine mightily, 177,b. 340,', 34250. 896,f. r121,k, 
13 645. 137854. 153 52801 594,C. 

To ptouoke Gtine, 44,.64,a,h. 71,9,95,a, 16,2, 1$45d.179,b, 
174,4.177,A. 178,¢. 180,d,232,b, 230,c, 240,a. 2452+ 248,¢. 
258,b. 28454, 331d. 430, 431,8.527,d.529,b. «32,0 34,2. 
541,24 54550 56554. §74,945 78h 5 8650.6, 05256245 de 549 a0 
655,b. 661 514962,a.66§52- 66 7,b. 67259267452» 679 5b, 638,ce 
205s€+ 70739, 72 52b. 746516792,0. 794 h, 814d. 5 385d.841,b, 
242,2 85959. 8815¢. 885,b- 907,a. 9 29s DL I;C 921 505%. 924,F, 
1002,h. 1014,4, 1016,4.1037,a, 1019-4023 a Ic 2450,10255 
A» 102734,1028,b, 1029,b. 1032,°. 193352 1037494 1039 b, 
1042,b, 1949,c. 1051,a 1053.9, 1055, bs 1064 5°11 65,2:1078,2 
1O¥L,A. 10R6,0,1089,C,1121,f 114 8,2 1k 4c. YE 65D. 2) 58,6 
1172, 1188,a, 1206,c,1216,).12T9,h 1229,b,1226,f.12-0a 
1246,°.125754,U.12 45h, 1292,f 129457 13/1,d 13) $)M,1323,a 
3336,4, 1356,f.1360,b.1 408.2 14305) 1434.b, (4725h.1517, 
B.152556 153352. 15 34,8 1536581 1541,b.2564)¢,1620,b. 

Againft the ftopping of the Girine, 331% 67450. 708, i0 
1162, 

To provoke Urine gently, $345, $78,2.1035,a,1145)k. 1325,h. 
134256-2373s9- 139758-14335k.144 5,1. 146 § 5% ; 

To purge much @ring out of them that haue the Drop(ie, 191,h, 
532,6, 

To desk: or purge the Grtne velfels of tough andraw humours, 
430,a, ’ 

To allay tharpe Urine, 342, a.623,0.1445,f. 

Fo clenfe ill humors by Urine,1097,0. 14 77 546 

Forfwelling ofthe Gonla, 450,a. 509, 707,b. 730,b. 853, n. 
8925f1352,a.1424.k, 1508,d, 

For loofnefle ofthe Gipula, 639,d, 109$,d. 1308,d. 


W 
‘TT helpe Stambling of the ftomacke,y032,¢, 


To ftay Wambitng of womens ftomacks being with-child, - 


x918,h, 


To takeaway rugged@larts, 963.4. / 
To takeaway Wattg in any part of the body,290,d, 336c6 3746 
$06,0.15125h. 1545526 

For ftinging of Walps,{e £tinging. 

For paine in making tater, {ec WDaoppille. Diflurp, & Brangurp 

To caufe one meke Water,243,0.1107,a. fee Urine. 

For Watering of the eyes, fee Eves. 

Toamend corrupt toater at fea,672,¢. 

Good tater to waflva fore throarymouth,and priuities,421,f,429 

©. 76656, 450500 8925f.998s.1274511395,8,1625,. 

Toconfume Wax kernels, {ee Aernelg. 

Againtt Weakeneffe of the liuer, 1204,2,fee Liner, —_— 

To reftore Geake perfons, 9 40,b, i 

For Wieakte backs,fee Wacke. 

To caufe a traucller to fecle no Gearlfommnefte, 11040.1328,9, 

Torcmoue earinefe, 70, 736,h. 880,), 892,9.1361,b.1408 d. 
1523,b,15$836 

Totakeaway tebg of the eyes, 360,f. 657,b. 694,6.533,0.845,d. 
1187,¢.4206,d,1211n,1303,h, 153190.1535,b.1526,c 

To ftay or keepe backe the Gieb in the eyes 69451 21150 
1535,b, 

To ftay Ceeping in cut or hurt finewes,634,b.1015,d. 

To beantifie yong TWlenchegs faces, 391,h, 

Againft Weng, 704,2.894,b. 102454, ; 

To confume,diflolue,and take away Weng, 79% 8375¢ T012,d 
1225,n. 

Againit night toheales, 1098,i, 1393,¢. 

To take away all tobeates, fe Oimples & Face. 

To take away the painc of, and heale Whitlowwes, 306, ¢. 624.4, 
870,¢.1331,0 

Toitay orhelge the aUlbites, 631,b. 681,b.692,k ogc, 82th 
Sarsb, 83,1, 1035.9, 1818,a. 1264,k. 1282,¢,.1294,8,1341,b. 

1364, h, 1379, 1393,f1413,b.1475,b. 14915¢, 14945b. 1558.be 

How to be hardened againft the paine of Yohipping, 248.4, 

To kill Wilde beatts,{ec Weatte. 

To saife groffe and fiimy humors out ofthe conduits of the Svind= 
pipes r145,c. 

For tindin the bowels,766 d,ico8 a.tog b.1923 dir025 6.1028 b 
1052 ¢, 1033 a, 103 §'a, 1257 ¥, 

For fhort Winvednewle,674,c. go1,a, 

Againft inde in the ftomacke and colicke gut, 345%. 7150, 295,00 
577s, 1017 5a, 1027,d, 10495¢.1053,9, 1081,¢, 1388,b.16263¢, 
fee Wentofties. 

To breake, expell, and confume fO{nd9, 170,b, 17830. §74,d. Sec 
Wentotitier. 

To break or waft the np{ndinemte of the matrix, 949,1.See Datriz 

To keepe tine from fowring, 17 53¢.1 130,b. 

Moderat vfe of tone commended, 881. 

To caufe ting tafte well,1046,d. 

Fo reftore fpiritin twine, 1564,f, 

Difference of toines,878.a,b. 

To temper or allay them,88r,882. 

For what perfons tines fittet,881,k, 
and for whom not, 88151.894,d. 

Choice of iineg,879,2. 

Aga nk atitcheratts r00t,e, 

To kill Wolfeg,903,a- 

Againtt poyfon of wolfes bane, $2754, 880,b. 1257,0, 

To clenfe the barren Gombe, and make it ft for conceptions 
T¥§29,b. 

To cure fluxes of the Wombe, 639,¢, 

Hurtiull to tpomen with childe, 833,k, 

Toraife (omen out of their fits,being fickeaf the Mother, Sce 
Mother. 

Good for the ouermuch vomiting of tiomen with childh. {ec Woe 

miting. ; 

For fwellings in Womens brefts, 355,b. 

Tomake Women fruitfull,682,b. 766,a. 

To bring downe the natural fickneffe of attomen, {ce Flowers && 
Tormes, 

To diffolue the hardneffe of Womens brefts or Pappess See 
Weal. 

Good for Gomer with childe, 145 5,4. 

To caufe cafic and fpeedy trauellto Cdtomen, that are with childe} 
845,¢. 892,a, 909,a, 1029,b. 1058,k, 1095,c, See Wirthand 
Delineranice. 

Good for toomen newly deliuered, 1443,9, 

To ftay lufting or longing in @omen with childe , 876,a.881.f, 
S-e Longing, 

Good for npamen not well clenfed after their delinery,3 50,6849 
a.984,a-1257,f ; 

To ftay the Flux of (omens termes, fee Germnvg, 3 
o 


The Table of Vertues: 


b. 10865b. 1353,n. 1367,26 

To kill Gtopmegin yong children, 3,b. 341.2044, 233.2, 242,8. 
317 yin 35950. 368,d, 522,b, 548,2. 57450. 644,b.649,8.705,b. 
71S sie 814,b54, 1097,C.1 100516110752. LTLO,b. (172,¢. 12185 
bic. 1246, f, 1253, 137 39k. 137836. 1441,6e144754.¢. 1465.Yo 
1 $0852 15.455. 1575,b-1608,b, 1626,c,1620,b. 1622.24 

Todriuc forth flat and round Wiogmes. 174.8; 2392+ 2735% 3360 
d. $08,b. 651,b.688.f rr01,a. 

To void Hommes of the guts, 178,d.25 15d, 3505. §80,¢, 647, 
1130;4,.1158 2 

To kill Wlogmes inthe eares.688.f. 1353,g- 

Toclofe vp Wounds without perill ofinflammation, 639,¢,692.¢ 
k. 697,b. 1005.4, 1047, h. 1073544 

To cure Hounds, 24,7. 18. 67,].195,b- 306,2.355,2 360.7.563, 
6 373.ds 407 44+ 409 9 41450-4475. 49159. 509,d.527.b.00537 
A $41). 629.0. 630;ae 632 5b. 633 de 635 .6625as 7005467055 
d, 712.c.714.a+ 71 8;F. 839, d.93858. 93919 9415%943,7.949. 
993sf. 1004,b, 10248. 1078,bs £12454 112654. 1195,b.1264, 
A,1285,a 1433,f 15095c 

Toglue together and cure greene hounds. rb. 2458. 28157. 3295 
b, 36333. 40352. 480,b. $46,b. 548yc+799,% 807,b. 906,3.936.a 
10048. 1070,2, 1116,2, 113258 1303sf1315 56 1351,6.1366.6 
1436,b. 1447,f 1466,c. 1482,b, 1518,1. 15 715% 1616,b. 

Tocomfort and heale Gloyndg in fincwy parts, 196,279,d.360,8 


615,2. 
For @iowmbgin the head, 60,2, 


To kniter ioyactogethergrcat Moundw, — 134, 2 760.4» 353,00 
425; 
b 
{ 
‘ 
‘ 
M 


To driuc forth Wlopmes,793,¢. 866,2.916,h. 969,0.978;k.1012, Tokeep green Oftounds from inflammation or ficry fwelling,363 


he 445.b. $57.0+621.¢+ 718.b. 826,828.45 93550 

Good tofoment or wath deepe and perrilous Sounds with. 
541.b. 

To a @ounds of the inw ard parts. 409.b. $41.b. 63156 633.b, 
633 a.649.a, 712007 SB, 78752. 89759» 939;b. 9498: 986,26 
993)d. 1121,c. 

To ftanch the bleeding of toennds,18. 276,b. 

Toheale andskinneyp Gtounds that are madcin the head, 1364 
© 1393Ce ~ 

Good Pi tennbe made with a yenomed weapon, $414b.796,€, 
1007.) 1058. k.1188.h. 

Good for toeundg of the dugs,939,a. 

For lognds of the priuitics.939,2. 993,d. 

For the burning heate of GHounds,363.h.998.a. 

For toounds made by venomous beats, Scc Benemongs , sod 
Beats. 

For Wirinches of the ancles,132 ¢, 

To take away worinckles,870.c. 


YX 


O helpe the fivellings, ylcerationg, aad excoFiations of the 
Yards 349,b 107334: eS 4 


Totake away the Petlowwneffe of the skinhe.” $56,2. 


45-Co 2 - , 
To itay orhelpe Poort 95.25 682.1, %027.d,2035,3, bee 
Biber, Pe Ycortge 395.2» 6821, 2027.d,2033 


Errataé 


——~ Pag. 48, Thetwofigures of Phalanginmcamofum & Phalangiums non vamofu, 
—— Pag.5o, The gw6 figuresare put one forandsher, And likewifein Pag, 


ECRGQU AS, 
Errata, Hi 


. “ 
I would with the courtegu$ Reader to take notice and amend the ‘efeaped in theprin- 
ting, and tOardon other fuch literal faults ashe may perhaps here ard here obferue, ; 


Faultsin Figures tranfpofed, 


fe putone for another, 
-thetwo firft figures arc tranfpoled) 


wlisin Words and Marks. 


AMSelinr. elegafs, Teade elegans. p.3i ,1.32, Cyriacus r.Syrhacus, p.84,1.22, longi fimo. x,loxgs firma. p.186,), 
Lepitium annum, t.annaxm, p.228, 1.15, abortinnm, r.abort?> 


OF 795 G1OX. p,142, tit 


% 22.951.14, arbortirnm, 1 abdriivuny 245,11. Wildesreale white, 
P.256,Dx, inthe title,adde the figures, p,22451.17, Icybus, x. Jn Se P, 289, 1.4. Verracatinm, rT nearixm, F494, 143.4mticarbin 
mum ,t,Aaderbinum, p.604,1.7, hath becabfurd from, r. had been ab rd, for, p.848,1.15, Virginia, ‘ 


tVirginiana.p,o29,h28. Multea, 
016,1,16,Macedonium,t. Matedonicu im 
2Reft- Yatrow, r. Reft- Haney. Fel gor, 
PNCMaDe a, p.1628, 1,2,them,r,it, 


1.28,Lilly r, Mallow,p76 411.13, Arcus,r.dcus, PeTOXL, By Stram,r.Strume, 
Polos 1,14. Sc(eereticnm,r.Sefelimiontanum. P-1133,1,37,Oken ¢afe,r Okemteafe, P1323 
Lso0 & 51, Gsidicws.Cnidiys- -1424,1.17, ypon,topensP.I $24, 1.40, pleafant 


Pag: 169,lin,vif- pu. p-184,l.penult, } put t+ p.257,1.164 20,p 
pag.264,1.13. put t.and 1.17, putt, P.264,1.5 & 12, fo Typuttt. pg 21,6,for ttput $4. 
P:353,1,12,putt, paN43,l.a putt, P+1339,1.8,putg. 

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cases containing 94 spe™ a 
labels, and Introduction, 1886, 41 5s 

FORBES and HEMSLEY—Enumeration of all the Plants known from China, For- 
mosa, Hainan, Corea, the Luchu Archipelago, and the Island of Kongkong, with 
their Distribution and Synonymy, parts 1 to 5, with g plates and a map, 8vo, Linn. 
Soc., 1886-88 (pub 18s), 12s 6d 

FRIES (E.) Icones selecte Hymenomycetum nondum delineatarum, 2 series (com- 
plete), with 200 fine coloured plates, biography and portrait of the author, 2 vols, 
folio, zew fine half morocco, Stockholm, 1867-84, £11 

GERARDE (John) The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes, very much enlarged 
and amended by Thomas Johnson, Citizen and Apothecarye of London, with upwards 
of 2,000 fine old wood engravings of plants, 1,630 pp of text, and indexes, with 
engraved title, complete and perfect, folio, newly bound in antique calf, red edges, 
1633, £5 


W. Wesley and Son, 28, Essex Street, Strand, London. 


~~! 4) WY : 
rie Great Water-Lily 


ae aera Ps flowering at Kew, with 
description and 4 fine coloured plates, folio, Aa/f calf, 1847 (pub £1 11s 64), scarce, 
15S 
: — the same, with description, 4 most beautiful plates, finely coloured, elephant 
folio, zew half morocco, 1851, 17s 6d 
A large-paper copy. 

— Filices Exoticze ; or, Coloured Figures and Descriptions of Exotic Ferns, the 
drawings by Mr. Fitch, text and 1oo fine coloured plates, royal 4to, cloth, 1859 (pub 
£6 11s), £4 

HOOKER and ARNOTT— The Botany of Captain Beechey’s Voyage, comprising an 
account of the plants collected by Messrs. Lay and Collie, 485 pp text, with 99 
plates, 4to, cloth, 1841, £2 2s 


The places visited included Rio Janeiro, the coast of Chili, Easter, Ducie’s, Elizabeth, and Pitcairn 
Islands in 1825 ; the Coral Islands of the Pacific, the Sandwich and Tahiti Islands, and Kamschatka in 
1826: Macao, Loochoo, San Blas, Mexico, Chili, etc., in 1827. 


Natural History Book Circular, No. 100.